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حوض وادي ورزان : دراسة في جغرفية الموارد المائية == Wadi W Arazan Basin A Study In The Geography Of Aquatic Resources

Author name: جلال عبده ابراهيم عثمان
Supervisor name: سعود عبد العزيز عبد المحسن الشعبان الفضلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Natural Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study is aimed to assist. The aquatic resources in Wadi Warazan Basin in the Republic of Yemen in order to estimate the water balance with regard to the natural resources and the way of usage in the different fields of activities.The importance of this study depends on the fact that wadi Warazan Basin which is (412)Km2 is one of the most fertile a agricultural areas, moreover area it is regarded to be a tourism area. The second thing is that the basin is more close to Taiz city which suffers at the present from water shortage.The final results of the study show that : 1 - The most rainy seasons are spring and summer especially, in some few days during the rain season. The most rainy month is August (14.8%) of the total rain while December is regarded to be the lesser rainy month (0.7%). The rainfall estimations during (44) years is about (346 - 875.8)mm. 2 - The annual aquatic in Wadi Warazan Basin ts about (241 349 600)m33 - The ground water runoff increases during autumn, because it occurs after the rain season, where there are many quantities of the ram underground. In contrast, other months of the year has less drainage.4 - The armual drainage which is (3492)m3 per hour varies in (193.6%) because of it's close relation with rainfall. 5 - The (165.59)mm out of the total annual rainfall is found to a wasted aquatic quantities as a result of evaporation.6 - The Absence of specific channels, which leads to increase the evaporation rate in the valley. In addition the pools which fonned at the sides of the valley represented a suitable environments for transfer various diseases such as Schistosomiasis (Belhars) and Malaria diseases. 7 - The deviation factor of Wadi Warazan shows the variation in the compactness of their rocks, so the evaporation rate of ground water runoff produced as a result of the expansion of the area exposed to the sun light.Moreover barriers and folts at the long side are an important factors for ground water recharge.8 - The present consumption of the ground water appears to be in the higher rocky aquatic layer and the volcanic aquatic rocky layer third layer (Tawila Sandstone) seems to be unconsumed because it's (600)m deep.9 - The ground water is affected by the increasing number of wells.10 - The aquatic basin net work appear to be having a high density of valleys number about (1.05)/Km2 which affects the surface flow that makes floods danger is probable.11 - It seems that the aquatic basin resources may become unable to met the increasing demand of the area and Taiz city as regarded to be an alternative to solve the city water supply problem. Moreover, the rising of the population in the basin.

جوانب من النظام الحضري في محافظة ذي قار

Author name: ماهر يعقوب موسى
Supervisor name: مضر خليل العمر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تقييم دور نهر ام المعارك في تنمية الموارد المائية

Author name: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Water is considered as a strategic resource for economic development.Thus , Um Al - Maark possesses considerable development of water resources in the lower Euphrates basin. The river takes from the right bank of the Euphrates (10) kms downstream ofNasiriya with a total length of (108) kms. There are five canals branching from the right bank of the river each with a capacity of 25 cumers. The river controls 60 - 65 % (185) cumecs (5,82) bcm of the Euphrates discharge at Nasiriya ( 199) - 1998). Its water discharge is affected by seepage losses with (0.45 - 0.55 ) m3 I m1 I day and evaporation from the channel with (0.04) bcm, due to high average temperature (24.6) °C and very high soil permeability (15 - 43) m/d.Um Al - Maark plays a vital role in water resources conservation by controlling water distorted at the Marches and Arabian Gulf and directed to the western desert to irrigate (150000) ha. Furthermore, the river maintains the Euphrates and Shatt Al - Arab water quality by limiting the Marshes polluted wat : - r with an EC value (6) mmhos I cm which increased water 11 salinity of the river's at Qurna to ( 5.1) mmhos I cm during ( 1990 - 1992 ) COIDJ - 'dred to the previous salinity 0.96 ( 1967 - 1969). The water quality of the rivers has been decreased to (2.3) and (2.6) mmhos I cm ( 1995 - 2000) at Qurna and Maqil respectively, as a result of the implementation of Um Al - Maark, Saddam and Al - Ezz rivers.UM Al - Maark will be used as flood control system. It will be able to convert (508) cumecs from the flood water to the western desert as in 1988 and up to now to be used for irrigation and artificial groundwater recharge.These will maintain environment system. The ri·.'er promotes considerable economic and environmental developments forward by utilizing the desert virgin land with (150000) ha.The present irrigated land is (6250) ha, producing (3525) tons. This will L increase to (580800) tons/year with a net value of (77190) MIDS (38.6) M$Um Al - Maark is an important system for artificial groundwater rech?.rge in the Dibdibba area which has a rapid agriculture development affecting groundwater storage due to increasing demands and low natural recharge with (0.63) and (0.31) bcrn respectively. As a result the groundwater level decrease to (0.25) m I year and salinity increases to ( 0.28) mrnhos I cm I year. Therefore,Um Al - Maark is constructed to feed groundwater with (l.35) hem. This increases the groundwate r level and decreases salinity by (0.8) m/year and (0.4 )mrnhos /cm/ year respectively.Thus the river maintains water efficiency to cope with future development. Finally , to implement the river objectives the following measuresshould be considered : l. It is necessary to construct two regulators on Um Al - Maark and the Euphrates.2. An Authority should be established to be responsible for sand dunes control , lining canals,hydrological , geological , climate , soil and natural vegetation information.3. Effective irrigation methods should be applied. 4. High agriculture intensity should be used.5. Farm management practics regarding training , machinery , irriga.ion , ,drainage , fertilizer... etc should be enhanced.6. Water should be well distributed between the river canals and lining should be adopted7. Studies regarding water and land resources should be enlarged.8. Agricultural facilities such as roads , electricity , machinery , health centers and education should be considered.9. Vegetation cover should be improved.

تقويم مشاريع الخير الاروائية في محافظة البصرة == Evalution Of Al - Khair Irrigation Projects In Basroh Provi Nee

Author name: صلاح مهدي عريبي الزيادي
Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تحليل جغرافي للامكانات الزراعية في قضاء ابي الخصيب وافاقها المستقبلية == A Geographical Analysis To The Agrarian Possibilities In Abie Al - Khaseeb Town An Their Future Horizons

Author name: ابتسام كاطع خاجي اللامي
Supervisor name: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: 14.haseeb t plant greens since they herp in developing the farmer's ihcome.I The umber of palm4rees was (2911999) in 1978 but it beca1m - - - f 845000) 1995 because of the Iranian aggression. The agraian post /offices co perated with the farmers for the replantation to be (924327) palm.tree/ n 2000 which represents (31%) in comparison with 1979. Th study ex~~~ the farmers' io.t.erlgi(ng, in planting diffj~t th typaj oft ees which ~e a.bsent before the flood 1969 which causes~ of most fthem,' the fanners neglect such type~ because they j~ided oth~r economi fields like petrol - industry and general services because of thetJt! hi h ffrcomefi; fr; - .>T e study expressed several problems which ~t the agrariam produc on and the agrarian developmen)e~pecially in Al - Seebah,lhese prob le 0 1. The salty soil and the neglected '&ard - er~ which ha~o systematic# irri ation and drainage cbnals and they contain thick needs and other pla ts which became the main reason to~ the negative influences up n the exploited gardens. 2. Th reduction of Shatt - Al - Arab water helps the salty water of Arab G If to l progress to reach at this area and influences the lands n gativelly. 3. T ere are se".ei;al - types of the biological factors /affect the garden c ops like the l : iushes and the other diseases.4. The expensive workmen in the field of agriculture.The study shows that there are various possibilites that have not f \'.. Y;q,, exploited yet to develop the agricultural production. There is Oi possibility to the h<;>~~ontal exp.Qnsion (84o/o) from the lands that can J;>e exploited amfthe exploitation of the salty soils in AJSeebah and v.,~,,l. lages lik~ Al - Fyadh, Al - baljania, Kut Al - Zain, AI - Mutua' and others1Moreover4 tlte production ability of the really ,e~polited areas can be lifted up through the use of scientific devices and the logical exploitation of water. Al - Seebah also should be developed and the population should be encouraged to return back : ' uv - - · 'L ~.. r)c'1\N\<v\f rfK 1After : ~ le~vi~gl ~( : : - a~e Iranian agrrission 1980J Jhe • government adopted a pseful agrarian policy included several strattgies like the director granting which aims at providing the healty house, to the farmers and the achievements of croping, purification of iITigation and the compensaition of the dead palmtrees and the development of the animals wealth.

تحليل العلاقات المكانية لخصائص السكان في محافظة ذي قار

Author name: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
Supervisor name: علي حسن الخفاف
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study represents the first attempt for studying the population of Dhi Qar governorate. The study faced a nuznber of obstacles first of which was the administrative chaEges which this governorate has been witnessing.The following are the most important results we have arrived at in the study.1. Dhi Qar is one of the Iraqi governorates which has been characterised by population density during the period 1947 - 1977 where it has held either the fourth or sixth positive among Iraqi governorates.2. The poulation density of this governorate 1977 which was 45. 12.Pe ts on per kilometer was not distributed regularly to various parts of this place. This is due to the differences among the factors which affect the population distribution,whether they were natural or human factors •3. The dry climate in this governorate made the population depend in a limited manner on surface water and underground water. This distribution of the population was thus concentrated around the Euphrates and Al - Garaph rivers and also around the streams in addition to the dry edges of the marshes. 4. The rate of the population change in - this governorate was generally very limited throughout the years covered by the study. The highest rate which was 2.9%, occurred during the years 1947 - 1957. During 1965 - 1977 it decreased to become 1.9%.5. The results of this study indicated that the period 1978 - 1983 has shown a noticeable rise in the rate of natural increase. This goes in line with development of the medical or municipal services which have contributed a great deal in reducing the death rates.6. As for the structure of the popUlation, it is noticed that the geographical situation of this governorate in the sou thren part. of Iraq, away from the frontiers, has made all its population from the Arabs;only a limited number of other minorities is noticed here.7. The six rate in the governorate has increased for the behalf of the females. The number of in : nnigrants to the governorate during 1947 - 1977 should have been mainly from males who were after better chances for jobs.s. The community is Dhi Qar reflects the characteristics of youth. This would naturally affect any future positive changes such a phenomenon has been reflected in the population py : ramid where children and youth constituted 51,36% in 1977 and the rate of the disabled v1as 7 ,65% • 9. As for the distribution of the popUlation in the cities and the countryside the results of the four censuses done already showed a decrease in the number of people living in the cities during 1947 - 1977 although it has shown a noticeable rise during this period ra.Dging as follows : 15,65%, 18,65%, 27,62%, 39,71% respectively.10. The rural n<ture in this governorate has led to increase the rate of illiteracy which was 66,24% while it comes down to 53% in the other parts of the country.11. All the population of this governorate are Moslems.Since Islam encourages people to get married and bring children, the increasing number of people is expected. 12~ The results of the four censuses have shown that the circumstances of this governora.te make people leave for other parts of the country.13~ The countryside areas suffer from migration. The number of people registered in the four census shows no change or increase'.' 14. To take up its people in the future, this governora te should continue in growing its potentialities by reclaiming more lands, supporting agriculture developing new irrigation networks, and caring much for the animal resources. Winter tourism need to be backed up also.

المنطقة التجارية المركزية لمدينة الصدر : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

Author name: اسامة حميد مجيد هاشم السلطان
Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم الهاشم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التغيرات المناخية واثرها في تغير التركيب المحصولي في العراق == Climate Change And Its Impact On Crop Structure In Iraq

Author name: فهد احمد فرحان العامود
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي | بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

صناعة تنقية وتحلية المياه في محافظة البصرة وافاقها المستقبلية == Indastry Of Purification And Desalination Of Water In Province Of Basrah And It'S Future Prospects

Author name: رند عدنان ديوان السعيدان
Supervisor name: فارس مهدي محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تبين من خلال الدراسة ان صناعة مياه الشرب احد اهم الصناعات التحويلية وذلك لكونها تخضع لكل متطلبات الصناعة التحويلية حيث تبرز فيها كافة مقومات الانتاج الصناعي من اختيار الموقع الى احتساب الكلفة وتوافر المواد الاولية والايدي العاملة والعمليات الصناعية في مصا | The study shows that water drink production is one of the most important transformational industries since it yields all the requirements of the transformational industry that all constituents of the industrial production emerge beginning from the choosing of the site , the calculation of the cost , the availability of the raw material and workmen and industrial process that take place in the independent factories up to the emergence of the extrinsic or incidental productions and so on. Therefore this study which consiss of five chapters concerns this kind of industry. Chapter One tackles the following : on the introduction to the definition of water and water cycle in nature , the sources of water and water drink qualities and characteristics , the importance of water for humans , the pollution of water drink , and the seasonal and locational discrepancy of the pollution on water drink in the Governorat of Basrah and the impact of this pollution of the public health. Chapter Two is divided into two sections : section one deas with the historical development of the technicality water drink in the Governorat of Basrah while section two deals with the historical development of water drink desalination in the Governorat Chapter Three : Discusses that factors that establish the water drink industry in the Governorat and the imporatance of each factor and its impact. Chapter Four : Demonstrates the geographical distribution of the water drink industry in the Governorat of Basrah. It includes two sections , the first one deals with the geographical distribution of water drink in a province while the second section tackles the geographical distribution of water drink in asector. Chapter Five consist of two sections : The first one surveys the problems concerning the water drink industry in the Governorat while the secand tackles the future prospective of the water drink industry in the Governorat of Basrah. The study has arrived at the following results. The production of water in the Governorat of Basrah in simple traditional ways or methods are the accumulation and precipitation , filteration , sterilization by liquid and powder and chlorine while the desalination stations produce water through reverse ozoination. Water is being refined by ozonization and ultraviolet rays. The natural colonization factors especially that of weather , earth and geological structure , the increase and economic factors especially labourers , raw material , marketing , transportation , government policy and personal or individual desire have affected on limiting , the industrial site. Thus , there is a discrepancy between the geographical distribution of water refinery projects and desalination stations in the Governorat of Basrah. So , there are (132 ) projects for refinement , (12 ) of them are in Basrah district , i.e ; (9.09 % ) , (11) projects are in Abu - Al - Khaseeb district , i.e ; (8.33 % ) , (3) projects in Al - Fao district , i.e ; (2.27 % ) , (4 ) projects are in Al - Zubair district , i.e ; (3.03 %) , (39 ) projects are in Shatt - Al - Arab , i.e ; (12.12 %) projects some of them are in Al - Medyna district , i.e ; (29.54 %) , and ( 47 ) projects are in Al - Qurna district I.e ; (35.62 % ). As regards the private ( domestic ) desalination station their their number in the Governorat is (88) some of them are in Al - Basrah district , i.e ; about (20.45 %) , (8) are in Abi - Al - Khaseeb district , i.e ; about (9.09%) , (1) station is in Al - Fao district , i.e ; about (1.15 %) , (41) stations are in Al - Zubair district , I.e ; (46.59 %) , (2) statios are in Shatt - Al - Arab , i.e; about (2.27%) , (8) stations , same of them are in Al - Mudianya district , about (9.09%) , and (10) stations are in Al - Qurna district , i.e ; about (11.30). Regarding those of the government , their number in the government is (50) desalination stations , (7) of them are in Al - Basrah district , i.e ; about (14%) (2) stations are in Abi - Al - Khaseeb district i.e; about (4%) , (9) stations are in Al - Fao district , i.e ; about (18%) , (6) stations in Al - Zubair district i.e; about (12%) , (8) stations are in Shatt Al - Arab district , i.e; about (16%) , (11) stations are in Al - Mudianyia district , i.e ; about (22%) , and (7) stations are in Al - Qurna district , i.e; about (14%). The number of employees in the refinement projects is ( 1263 ) and the number of those in the desalination stations is ( 406 ). The area of the projects of the water drink refinement is ( 242466) millions square meter in the Governorat of Basrah while the area of desalination stations in the Governorat is (65353) thousands square meters. The production of water refinement projects is ( 735619.625 ) cubic meter /hour. The Basrah district takes over the first rank for the production whil is ( 313433.75 ) cubic meter/ hour ,i.e; (42.65%) of the sum total production in the Governorat of Basrah. Al - Qurna district takes over the second rank for the production whial is (118780.25 ) cubic meter/hour , i.e ; about (16.14%) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat while Al - Mudianya district takes over the third rank for the production whial is (96674.375 ) cubic meter , i.e ; (13.14 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Abu - Al - Khaseeb district takes over the fourth rank for the production whial is ( 64875) cube meter/hour , i.e ; ( 8.83%) of the sum total of the production in the Governorat of Basrah while Al - Zubair district takes over the fifth rank for the production whial is (61437.5 ) cube meter / hour , i.e ; (8.35 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Shatt Al - Arab district takes over the sixth rank for the production whial is ( 54768.75 ) cube meter / hour. i.e; ( 7.44%) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. While Al - Fao district takes over the seventh rank for the production whial is (25650) cube meter , i.e; ( 3.49 %) of the sum total The production of the desalination stations is ( 27585) tons/day. Al - Mudianya district takes over the first rank for the production is (8900) tons / day , i.e ; ( 32.25 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Al - Zubair district takes over the second rank for the production whial is (7349) tons / day , i.e ;(26.64 %) of the sum total of the production while Al - Basrah district takes over the third rank for the production whial is ( 4492 ) tons / day , i.e ; ( 16.28 %)of the sum total of the production. Al - Qurna district takes over the fourth rank for the production (4440 ) tons / day , i.e ; (16.09 %) of the sum total of the production while Abi - Al - Khaseeb district takes over the fifth rank for the production whial is ( 1684) tons / day , i.e ; (6.14 %) of the sum total of the production. Al - Fao district takes over the sixth rank for the production whial is (420 ) tons / day , i.e ; ( 1.52 %) of the sum total of the production while Al - Fao district takes over the seventh rank for the production whial is (300) tons/day , i.e ; ( 1.08 %) of the sum total of the production in the Governorat of Basrah. It appears that there have been a number of problems some of which concern the transportation degree (network ) and others concern the quality of water , the invested money , and the employees ( labourers ) , and some others concern the nature of production , the decrease of water levels , the increase of salt.The most important of these problems is the increase of salts for in (2012 ) it reaches the highest in Tigris , i.e ; (1239) milimose /cm on August. And it reaches in the Euphrates (2426 ) milimose / cm during March while salt reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( the center ) to ( 3561 ) Milimose / cm on October ; it reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( sehaan ) to (7246 ) milisome / cm during August while it reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( Al - Lebani ) to ( 4253 ) mi;isome / cm during August. The problem of the decrease of the water level is an effective factor on the process of water drink production that the river water decrease inside the Governorat due to multiplicity of banks and tanks established by the neighbouring countries. This leads to the decrease of water in the Iraqi rivers in a general and in the Governorat in particular. This causes the water to be salty and impure. This decrease also affects on the level of plunger or diver for many water pulling pipes of many refinement projects and consequently the refinement and pumping processes stop at these projects. Moreover , it appears that the problems of networks are considered as a main problem in the pollution of water drink in the Governorat of Basrah being old in age and undergoes constant breakdowns whial lead water greatly to be impure and polluted. Due to these results the individuals share of water in the Governorat of Basrah reaches (275 ) litre / day. These differed among districts that in Basrah district it reaches (239) litre / day , in Abi - Al - Khaseeb it reaches (317 ) litre/ day , in Al - Fao district it reaches (662) litre / day in Al - Zubair district it reaches (130 ) litre / day , in Shatt Al - Arab reaches (341) litre / day , in Al - Qurna district it reaches ( 445 ) litre / day , and in Al - Mudianya district it reaches ( 438 ) litre / day of the collected produced water in the Governorat

اثر الموارد المائية في انتاجية بعض الاراضي الزراعية في قضاء السلمان (محافظة المثنى - العراق) == The Effect Of Water Resources On Productivity Of Some Agricultural Lands In The District Of Al - Salman, Al - Muthanna Province ـــ Iraq

Author name: محـمد فلـيح عـواد الجنابي
Supervisor name: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aim to explain the role of water resources on the production of agricultural soils. This was done through examining the effect of groundwater on the chemiccal properties of agricultural the soils and the role of rainfall the chemeical properties of soils in the center of Salman district, during the period of year 2013 to 2014.. Salman district is loacated in Muthanna province, west of Iraq. It forms about 43.2% of the total area of the province. The geological formations in the study area are different from the third and fourth gelogical ages, with a dmoninating rocks of dolomite, lime, marl and sand rocks. There are many differences in the surface of the study area, where the topographic elevation ranges between 400 m above sea level in the south to 50 m in the north and east north. There are four soil groups recognized in the study area : desert soil, lime rocks, dune and Alluvial soils.These soils are very poor from organic materials and new formed.. The groundwater of the study area is contained from several aquifers especially Dammam and Um - Radhuma formations. Its storage is about 5.341 - 23.918 billion m3, and depended on the infiltration from rainfall on the area and its sourounding lands. The quality of groundwater included testing parameters of total dissolved solid (TDS), electric conductivity (EC) and major dominates the cations and Sulphat (SO4 - ) domnates the anions. The cultivated area of the Salman district about 21103 heactares during the years 2013 to 2014, with domining cereal crops, of 91.92% from the total cultivated area. The groundwater is the main source of irregation, and the amount of water demand for the total area is about 247.093 billion m3 per year. The groundwater contribute for increasing the (TDS) in the soils from 1140 mg/l in the plants soil, while the surface water of rainfall reduces the (TDS) in the soils to 1658 mg/l.

الزحف العمراني لمدينة شط العرب على الاراضي الزراعية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية : دراسة في جغرافية المدن == The Urban Sprawl Of Shatt Al Arab City On The Agricultural Lands Appling Geographical Information System

Author name: مرتضى مظفر سهر الكعبي
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ترمي هذه الدراسة الى الكشف عن التغييرات التي طرات على تقلص الاراضي الزراعية لمدينة شط العرب على اثر الزحف العمراني عليها. حيث تمت مراقبة توسع المدينة على اراضيها الزراعية منذ النشاة وحتى الوقت الحاضر من اجل استنتاج الدوافع والمؤثرات التي ادت الى ان تزحف ا | The aim of this study to detect the changes accord on the reduction of agricultural land of the Shatt al - Arab District as a result of Urban sprawlererSo that it was monitored the sprawler of the city towards its agricultural lands since its commencement till yet to conclude the emotion and effect led to the Urban sprawler towards different direction during the stage of its Urban development or studying the limitation either natural or made by man opponent such this sprawler benefitting from the facilities provided by the GIS systems software. Studying the effects of natural characteristics and changes made by man in its effect or influence on attracting people to the city and there need for residential units for accommodation and then corrosion the agricultural lands which is deemed the basket of city food in addition to its importance pertaining the climate , beatification and environment. Identifying the trends of sprawler of the city so that this study impotence I merged from the importance of the city with the rerate of the studies argue this matter never focus on the Urban sprawler inspire of the change city is witnessed pertaining its population and Urban growth. This study depends upon the historical curricula in appointing the stages of Urban development of the city and the trends of Urban sprawler on the comparative analytical curricula in studying natural specifications and human variables also it accredited the functional curricular in analyzing land usage in regards to its Urban aspects and its functional proficiency by accrediting some plan standards. This study is divided into four chapters proceeded by introduction and followed by conclusion and abstract in English language including tables , maps , figures , whereas the structure and its implication is as follows. First chapter argue the application in studying Urban development of 9 the city , while the second chapter argue the natural features and human variables : Geographical location , its topography soil , water resources and climate. In addition ,the population growth and the geographical distribution. In the third chapter it is argued the land usage in the Shatt Al Arab district included : Residential commercial ,industrial and service usages with the possibility with comparing it with the local standards to identify its functional performance. Fourth chapter discussed the factor of Urban sprawler and then its limitation given entire overview the blank fact of the district represented by basic plans from 1962 till 2004 showing the effect of reduction the agricultural lands as a result of Urban sprawler with identifying the future trends of Urban expansion of the districts. This study concluded group of findings the most important one of which are as follows : 1. The district is expanded during the Urban development stage as it is registered are totaled 14.5 ha since the first construction of the city from 1600 to 1913 , as the district are was increased for the second stage of its Urban expansion to be 45.1 ha ( 1914 to 1957) while third stage had the great rule in expansion the area of the district to be 193.7 ha ( from 1958 - 2002 ) while the last stage upon the economical and social improvement beyond 2003 it is expanded to be 761,3 ha ( from 2003 to 2013)2. As a result of intensive Urban sprawler the area of agricultural farms is decreased as a result of growing population increment from 6285 in 1947 to be 50750 in 2009 agricultural lands is reduced during the term ( 1962 to 1979 ) 556.2 ha to be 346.2 ha during the planning period ( 1980 to 1993) and to be 55.8 for the planning period ( from 1994 to 2004 ) until the during of study.3. The study discovered that 1960 's and 1990 's and 2013 are of the most important points of Urban sprawler on the agricultural lands in Shatt Al Arab district. That’s represented by agricultural lands are done including the location of Basra University , resolution number 18 of 1970 , resolution number 117 of 2000 providing the relevant base of overlapping on agricultural lands in the district and upon the sabotage beyond 2003 it I contributed in merging random construction on the agricultural lands illegally reducing the greenish yard of the district.4. The study shows that there are basis plans of the district proceeded by an attempt to describe the real situation of the district by drawing cad straw maps but all design were prepared for the district are overlapped on by people or the concerned destination to comprehend the population increasing growth or migration movement to the district which is interpreted the failure of the basic plans upon a time of its execution

التركيب المحصولي في محافظة المثنى == Crops In Muthana Governorate

Author name: سعاد عبد الله فضيح
Supervisor name: محمد رمضان محمد
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Muthana Governorate has got so many agricultural potentials that it can be an area of crops that match with the geographical features on the one hand and respond to an integral part of the local market needs with reference to foods and ingredients on the other. This study aims at shedding some light on the geographical potentials the governorate, in question, has with reference to crops; identifying the features of each crop, and showing the value of the crops as far as Iraq is concerned. This study is also heading to trace the changes the crops undergo across the special shifts or trends.To fulfill the aims mentioned above, the research worker divides her study into four chapters as well as an introduction and a conclusion. Chapter One is on the characteristics of the crops grown in the Governorate of Muthana. Chapter Two deals with the natural and human resources of the crops. Chapter Three focuses on the geographical crops and Chapter Four sheds the light on productive potentials of each crop.The production of the crops of the years 2003 - 4 through 2010 - 11 was of relative stability. For example, the groups of crops were 5 - 6 in number. These groups included (29) grains that covered the greatest part of the cultivated fields ( 86.89 %) whereas fruits and dates ranked the second ( 6.62 %). The rest of rates were represented by three groups ( 3.69% , 2.5 , and 0.31 ). The winter crops were almost dominating ( 90/31 % - 82.7 % ) with reference to the cultivated areas. The crops that people fed on directly were given a high percentage ( 58.6 %). The forage is given the complementing percentage (51.62 %). The season in question was lacking the crops that could be used as raw material in certain national industries.The crops have witnessed several changes or shifts during the last decades due to the changing circumstances the governorate went through. The shifts in production were of various spatial indexes. These crops could fall into two varieties the first of which included ( 9 )crops that proved to be of a positive index of values between ( 19.970 - 399.266% ) whereas he second variety included ( 3 )crops but of a negative index of values between ( - 1302.297 - 33.257 ).

الجزيـــرة الحراريــة والراحة البايومناخية لمدينـة السماوة == Heat Island And Bioclamitic Comfort The City Of Samawah

Author name: فاطمة راضي ساجت الجابري
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى التعرف على الخصائص المناخية في مدينة السماوة , خاصة درجات الحرارة والرطوبة وسرعة الرياح للكشف عن وجود جزر حرارية, كذلك دراسة العوامل المؤثرة عليها واثرها في راحة الانسان , وبالتالي تسهم الدراسة في التنمية والتخطيط المستقبلي للمدينة.عتمد | This study aims to define the effect of the climatic characteristics in the Samawa city, especially the temperature , humidity, wind speed and to discover the islands heat to enable. Also this study aim to stop the effect of pollution on human comfort. us to make use from the results in planning side for future to Samawa city This study come according to the field work which divides the samawa city to eight axes covered the whole city. and ensure that each axis number of monitoring points and the ( Intersection of the Court) of the city center. cruising him by team coach ,and has operations field monitoring by measuring devices (Digital)to measure the temperature and relative humidity for all the seasons of the year. July represents summer season. October represents autumn season. January represents winter season. April represents spring season. The study contains four chapter the first chapter the relationship of heats island with climates elements that affects on the elements.The second chapter included affected factors on the city temperatures It resulted from factors converging natural and human factors the most important factors are the natural bodies of water that divides the city into two parts, in addition to the impact of climate characteristics in the city, but the most important human population density and height of buildings and paved streets and green spaces in the city and traffic density, all these factors have significant impact degrees the temperature and relative humidity and wind speed. The third chapter included the thermal characteristics of the is ands This has resulted through afield study in addition to thermal Island Islands secondary Islands it was the highest thermal difference between the city center and the adjacent countryside through observations as it amounted to (5,9) in the (Al - Taha) the direction of the axis of orchards Eastern neighborhood, The highest difference between the center and the weather station in the city as it was (3,3m), The fourth chapter comfort Albaeumanak hih and guarantees the heat island in the city of Samwah And through the use of the presumption of cooling wind and figure to (Oligay), The study rest and in the autumn season (October).and In the spring season (April) while in summer (July) it not record the comfort area in Samawa city as a result of high temperature. There isnt any record in winter season (January) so the comfort area never record because of low temperature. Both need two months to some of the requirements of stirring antenna or moisturizing antenna or solar radiation.

التحليل المكاني للوفيات المسجلة في محافظة البصرة للمدة (1997 - 2009) == Spatial Analysis Of Recorded Mortality In The Governorate Of Basrah From 1997 To 2009

Author name: اسامة حميد مجيد السلطان
Supervisor name: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الوفيات الضلع الثاني المكمل لمثلث التغير السكاني كما تعد من اهم المؤشرات التي تعكس الاوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في اي مجتمع كان ومدى صحة ووعي سكانه ورفاهيتهم وهو ما يكسب الدراسة اهميتها. ان الهدف من الدراسة هو بحث ظاهرة الوفيات في محافظة البصرة للم | Mortality is just one side of the triangle of demographic variation. Moreover it is considered as one of the main effects that reflect the social and economic situations in any society in addition to the hygiene awareness and prosperity of the population. This is actually a good reason why this study is significant. The study aims at investigating the phenomenon of mortalities in the Province of Basrah from 1997 to 2009. Spatial - temporal variation is also covered in relation to districts and remote areas. The study relies on some measures of mortality to reveal this variation in relation to quality and age of the deceased people and the reasons behind death in relation to environment. The researcher made use of the bio - statistics records obtained from mortality registration department - Basrah health directorate. In addition, the researcher conducted field work to cover any shortage in the data. The study arrives at the conclusion that the number mortality cases is 104312 during the period of the study with a crude mortality average of 3.9 per 1000 with no regular temporal direction. The number of mortalities varies according to months of the year and seasons. The highest rate is in August and December whereas summer witnessed the highest rate of mortality. The mortality of males overwhelmed those of females with a rate of 57.7% for males and 42.3% for females. Age category of 65 and more registered the highest level of mortality with 33.3% followed by infants with 20% of the total mortality rate. There are 90138 mortality cases due to illness which represents 86.4% of the total number of mortalities. Circularity system diseases and blood diseases in addition to other diseases represent reason number one behind mortality with 31.1% followed by perinatal diseases that represent 18.1% of the total number. Accidents represent 13.6% whereas gun shots accidents represent 58.8% of the total number of accidents. The geographic distribution shows that Az - Zubair, Abu Al - Khaseeb and Shatt Al - Arab registered the highest rate of mortality. Climate - as represented by temperature degrees - is found to be as a main factor of mortality in the area of the study in comparison with other natural factors. Still, there are other factors that play a vital role in mortality like the level of education, vocation, income, marital status, residence, accommodation and health services presented.

دور الموانـئ التجارية العــراقية في تجارة العراق الخارجية للمدة 1997 - 2010 == The Role Of The Iraqi Commercial Ports In Iraq'S Foreign Trade For The Period 1997 - 2010

Author name: سهيلة صبيح ناصر المياحي
Supervisor name: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Marine transportation is considered as a crucial economic front and it has a vital role in the economic development. It contributes to the transportation of goods and merchandise due to its unique properties that distinguishes from other means of transportation. Two thirds of the external trade is done through marine transportation. Iraq has a 65 klm coast that overlooks the Arabian gulf. This coast is the only port through which Iraq is connected to the world and through which, external trade is conducted. It has a pioneer role in external trade with the markets of the world. Consequently, some ports have been constructed along this coast. They are part of the transportation system. These ports include north Um Qasr , south Um qasr, Khor Al - Zubair, Abu Floos and Al - Ma’aqal. The present thesis aims at investigating the strategic importance of Iraqi trade ports anf the role they play in the external trade. This represents one of the pillars of Iraq economy and the development of these ports represents the development of the country. The study is comprised of five chapters. Chapter One deals with the historic development of Iraqi marine transportation. It consists of three sections. Section one deals with the development of parts. Section two tackles the classification of ports while section three shows the development of Iraqi transportation fleet. Chapter Two covers the human and natural barriers of marine transportation. Chapter Three outlines the orientation of marine transportation from 1997 to 2010. Chapter Four deals with the waiting columns (convoys) theory and its application in the ports of Iraq. Chapter Five shows the problems and barriers that Iraqi ports suffer from and the future expectations to Iraqi ports. The study ends with some conclusions and recommendations

الصناعات التحويلية في محافظة المثنى واقعها وافاقها المستقبلية == Manufacturing Industries In The Province Of Muthanna The Reality And Future Prospects A Thesis Submitted

Author name: ماهر حيدر نعيم الجابري
Supervisor name: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The manufacturing of the most important economic activities that lead to building an economic base sophisticated and technically advanced, scientifically and technology, and then Thaoh greater opportunities for economic progress of any country. This study examined the reality of the manufacturing industries in Muthanna province, which is located in the southwestern part of Iraq and for the period from 1980 to 2009. Gained this study significance through several things most important is the lack of a similar study at the county level, and also in order to draw a clear vision for the future of these industries, and through working knowledge of relative importance, and to study its components geographical, and stand on their geographical distribution by identifying the structure, and relational knowledge of the relationship between them and the basic Mrtkzadtha, and then detect the size of the ingredients of the investor in order to detect the surplus, in order to develop plans and investment policies studied. This study relied on government data, in addition to relying on information from some books and university studies, as well as the data and information collected by the field study. The study found several results, including the province of Muthanna located at the site of a good geographical mediates between the southern provinces and the central provinces, and also contain elements of natural geographic and human and that played a big role in the endemicity of these industries, and through its geological and diverse water resources permanent normal runoff and extensive ground spaces, also contain population numbers is one of the important sources of manpower, and the province has a network composed of transfer of the railway network and major and minor ways. And diversified industrial structure of manufacturing through the diversity of sizes institutions between large, medium and small, and return most of the ownership of these institutions to the private sector, except for some institutions that belong to the public sector, either the geographical distribution of these industries has shown us that most manufacturing industries are concentrated in the centers of the province and especially center Elimination of Samawah, which contained the highest ratios. Turning to the issue of problems faced by these industries has show us that it suffers from several problems affected directly and indirectly in their work, which led to the impact on their production due to the loss of most of its energies design, and the most serious problems generated by these industries is the problem of environmental pollution and Assorted three air, water and ground. When resorting to the use of Electronic Calculator by program spss show that manufacturing ties differentiated between positive and reverse with factored Home, revealed by knowing the amount of saturation of these industries of what makes geographical presence amount of the surplus of the ingredients is an investor, which opens the door to future prospects have. The most important recommendations that are considered by the researcher is necessary from the point of view is to work on opening specialized centers working to make the necessary studies and different and providing guidance task for industrial process and to open training courses for workers in industries in order to develop their technical skills, and intensify efforts to invest and exploitation of natural resources , and the exploitation of the geographical location of the province by opening an international border port, and finally work on the development of manufacturing technology and technically.

الصناعات النفطية واثارها التنموية في جنوب العراق == Petroleum Industries And Their Effects On Development In Southern Iraq

Author name: حميد عطية عبد الحسين الجوراني
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Located the study area in the southern part of Iraq (Basra, Maysan, Dhi Qar) on an area of (48,042) km 2 and forms (11%) of the area of total Iraq of amounted to (434,128) km 2, and that this area contains the natural resources the most important crude oil and gasnormal with an estimated oil reserve where b (192 143) million barrels distributed in (28) oil fields, including (15) oil fields productive and contain known reserves of oil estimated at (82.380) million barrels up to the 2009 accounts for 71.6% of the total proven eserves f Iraq of amounted to (115) billion barrels. And also contains large quantities of natu gas reserves associated with crude oil up to (1802) billion M3 by 56.8% of the total reserves of Iraq (3170) billion M3.The study aimed to clarifying the role of oil industries in the development in the south of Iraq, and monitoring development indicators of occurring in the Maritime Transport (Oil Tankers Co.), and land transport (transport of oil products and the workers in the oilindustries), and the sanitary and , educational aspects, and the amounts spent on the purchase of water and electricity. The study also aimed at clarifying the impact of the development of oil industries in southern Iraq, on the standard of living of people throughemployment on permanent and temporary scales, and the provide housing for workers and entertainment facilities for than and their families and the rest of the population, along with other development indicators brought about by the oil industries in southern Iraq. The study concluded the correlation of industrial production and technical and service between the oil industry in southern Iraq as well as with other industries in central and northern Iraq through the mutual benefit between the companies' products such as crude oil and natural gas, which the company of the Southern Oil and Maysan Oil the South Refineries Company and Southern Gas as well as provide of other key material in petrochemicals, fertilizers, power plants to benefit from products other companies havecreated. The emergence of oil industry in the development in southern Iraq by monitoring indicators of development taking place in health, education and labor and their monthly income and the provision of housing, as well as the varying geographic effects of thedevelopment caused by the oil industry in the provinces of the south, is because most of these industries are located in the province, as well as a variation in the impact of development for each oil company especially on the service sector in the establishment anddevelopment of infrastructure in the provinces of southern Iraq and in particular the province of Basra.The study has com out with the following results : 1 - The oil industry to the periods of deterioration due to wars fought by Iraq, as well as the economic blockade imposed by the United Nations and chaos in economic sectors including the oil sector after the 2003 war, affecting the instability of crude oil productionand fluctuation, when it had reached a peak rate (3.5) million barrels per day in December 1979 before the Iran - Iraq war, fell to the rate of (1.2) million barrels per day in 1984 and then rose before August 1990 to (2.785) million barrels per day and then decreased to therate of (2) million barrels per day After the 2003 war and the impact of this negative impact on the oil industry and the annual resources of the general budget in Iraq.2 - Abundant reserves the fields of southern Iraq, such as giant field Rumaila South in (14,833.4) million barrel West Qurna field (13,013.3) million barrels, and North Rumaila (12,158) million barrels, as well as abundant reserves in thr fields producing crude oil and(66163) million barrels in 2009 compared to the accumulated output amounted to (16,954) million barrels for the same year in which a proportion of only 25% of the total reserve, and this confirms that the fields of the are pristine, despite the discovery of most of them in the middle of the twentieth century. This confirms the hypothesis at the point (1). 3 - The diversity in oil densite in southern Iraq from oil - heavy degree of 22° - 24° API Knaft (field Artawi 21° API and the field of Abu west of 23° API) and the average 30 ° API Knaft (field Allhis 32° API and a field Halfaya 32° API) and light oil 34° Knaft API (thefield of Nasiriyah 34° API and the North Rumaila field, 35° and 36° API Zubair Bin Umar 50° API) and the latter is lighter types of oils in the world. This diversity has given flexibility in the movement of export and sale prices at the barrel.4 - The province of Basra, occupied the first place in thr producing fields and non - producing or under development in southern Iraq, amounting to (14) field out of the total (28) fields and by 50% of the total producing fields and non - producing or under development and the number of reservoirs (56) which are 60% of the total reservoir of productive and unproductive in southern Iraq, amounting to (93) reservoir oil, the province of Maysan, and by 39%, 32% of the number of fields and reservoirs producing and non - productive orunder development respectively, Dhi Qar was are anked the list, and by 11%, 8% the number of fields and reservoirs producing and non - producing or under development, respectively, until the year 2009.5 - Phases of the oil industry in southern Iraq from the drill up and manufacturing industries and service as well as the diversity are intearated the nature of the work of companies in the Southern Oil and Maysan Oil south, and service companies as the Iraqi Drilling,projects and oil tankers and petroleum products, and the hypothesis is confirmed by research at the point (2).6 - Is the cost of producing a barrel from the fields of southern Iraq is the lowest globally, as it amounted to 1408.130 IQD This provides additional resources to the state in the case of increasing the amount of export of crude oil.7 - The number of productive and non - producing or under development wells in southern Iraq are (1552) until 2009. (1508) afther are in productive fields dispersed on (15) productive oil fields and about (1064) productive wells and (290) wells for water injectionand (37) wells, and (117) are wells assessment which is compared to a few. This indicates that oil exploration is still at the embryonic stage and that the amount of proven oil reserves will increase with future drilling of new wells.8 - A large part of the natural gas produced of southern Iraq associated with crude is wasted burning because of the lack of stations CBS gas in southern Iraq and the (12) station only until the year 2009, for example, is produced from natural gas fields insouthern Iraq in 2009 amounted to (2.87) billion standard cubic feet and the burning of it (1.63) billion standard cubic feet by 56.8% of the quantity produced. this is a waste ofmoney on the national level.9 - The geographical distribution of the oil industry in southern Iraq, shows a lack of homogeneity for the units by, the focus around (70%) of the companies, the oil industry in the province of Basra and the number (5) companies and two distributed out of (8)companies and (6) branches, while the oil industry the remaining provinces of Maysan, Dhi Qar because the discovery of oil fields in Basra was early as fields Zubair and Rumaila North and South America and others, and which requires the establishment of companies, extractive and manufacturing and service companies because one of the conditions the oil industry is the integration.10 - It became clear that the volume of links front and rear of the oil industry is significant , as it spreads to the provinces of central and northern Iraq as well as the existence of the complexity of industrial relations production and service between the companies of the oil industry in southern Iraq, and this confirms the hypothesis point (4).11 - It became clear from the study that there is an impact of development of the oil of industry on the economic sector in southern Iraq throuhg local purchases from the public and private sectors and the money spent in the markets of the south ,which reached 2009(149,601.037) thousand dinars, and this underlines the point (3) the hypothesis of the research.12 - The amount of salary paid to the oil industry workers in southern Iraq (679,570.919) thousand dinars in 2009, while the amount of annual profits delivered to the workers and for the same year (288,907.340) thousand dinars.13 - The value of the annual revenues obtained by the companies of the oil industry (2,375,503.416) thousand dinars in 2009, compared to the amounts spent on projects investment plan annual and anchored mostly on private sector companies in southern IraqThe total allocations total oil industry in southern Iraq except oil company South (331766499122) dinars in 2009. 14 - The following the development is clear in the oil industry on the service sector in southern Iraq, including the transport as it benefited the private transport sector of the presence of the oil industry in southern Iraq, with a total cars leased in 2009 about (8500)car of which (7500) for the transfer of petroleum products and the remaining for the transfer of labor in the oil industry and the amounts paid for the transfer of employees (17578.924) thousand dinars in 2009.

محافظة المثنى : دراسة في الجغرافيا الاقليمية == Al - Muthana Governorate Study In Regional Geography

Author name: الاء شاكر عمران موسى الشمرتي
Supervisor name: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Geography emphases on studying and examining the places and discover the mutual relationship among them, which will directly effects the natural phenomenon and human being variations. The similarities and differentiations are discovered and revealed by studying the over - all regional walk - through. This considered the main point of focus because its indication of the joint and differentiation the human and natural phenomenon in the same place. Therefore, the regional studies are specialized of distinguishing the special properties of a specific terrain for a single union of both of human and natural phenomenon. The researched in this field in this field would investigate the different phenomenon in single specific terrain whether it is large or small and try to find an explanation for the economical and cultural thru understanding the differentiations among them and divide them into smaller units.The point of this study is to reveal the relationships, mutual and regional, among the different geographic aspects and show the effects of them in determining the significance of the region, in order to prove the similarities and differentiations for the components in it. The 1st part of this study comes with the theoretical wireframes; the 2nd is about the studying of the natural properties of the studied region. Whereas the 3rd is dealing with the properties of Muthanna province populations counting during the past years. The 4th part is about showing the most important economic activities took place in Muthanna province.The study would recommend expanding the scope of regional studies, for its ability to disclose the relationships, wideband data and facts and geographic date inspected and discovered

تباين تراكيز الغازات الملوثة لهواء محافظة بابل : دراسة في التلوث البيئي == Variation In The Concentrations Of Air Pollutant At Babylon Governorate (Study Of Environmental Pollution

Author name: شاكر عبد عايد
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ان الهدف من هذا البحث هو دراسة ظاهرة تلوث الهواء في محافظة بابل عن طريق دراسة تباين تراكيز الغازات الملوثة للهواء في المحافظة من خلال عدد من المحطات التي تقيس تراكيز مجموعة من الغازات. فضلا عن دراسة التباين الكمي والنوعي للملوثات الجوية المتساقطة فوق مح | The purpose ( objective ) of this research is studying air pollution phenomena Bahylan governorate through studying the vanatins the concentrations of air pollntntnts the governorate through some stations which measure the concentrations of gases and also studying the quality and quantity differences for polluters that falling over Bahylan govenorate during 2010 through some source locations that are distributed in city center and some other places. For this purpose, reported hinformation ( the ministry of environment governorate , the Iraqi air information , the quality of air in Babylan environment governorate during 2010 were used. The lowest and the highest limits and yearly average for each kind of polluters as well as the quantity of falling dust at each location during the months of study year were stand by using anautomatic absorbition tool to measure the concentrations of heavy elements that mixed with dust during the seasons. The human and natural factors and how much they influence wpon ari pollutants at Babylon were standed too.The increasing of the concentrations of air pollutants at Babylon is caused by natural and human reasons with granted eldeat to the human factors which is represented by industry , transportation , population and agriculture. The location of the city which is neighbor to some governorates has a big role in driver these governorates by wind.Factors adhering air pollution at Babylon governorate are : 1 - The astronomical location specified the climate features to Babil governorate which it lies in the centre of Iraq made it influenced by the climate of middle Iraq which is hot and dry ( BW) which reflected on the other natural factors and it role to influence the distribution and concentration of air polluters 2 - The geographical location of Baghdad , Anbar and Karbalaa which are next to Babil made the area of study influences by pollutant which are poured from these governorate whether they are natural like dusty storms or human like industrial waste which the wind played a vital role to transport them to the study area. 3 - The area of study has a property which is plane surface and average about ( 0,23 ) meter per Kilometers towards northwest , southwest , and also the existence of surface water by. Euphrates and its feeds and also the dependence of population on it for the first place in the area of study for lack of rain 4 - The climate has a negative role in the of the problem because of high degree of heat and the increasing of steaming and the lack of rain , all that led to draught of soil and break down. Also the lack of natural greenery contributed increasing of naked soil wind for the autumn of dust and sandwich they are air pollutants, and for the hot climate influence on high of elements and gases by the influence of sun races from the light chemical to change the gases into elements more harmful on air pollution 5 - The soil of soft muddy area in the river's shoulders and the bad drainage pools was more resistant to naked wind operation and less influence on air pollution , while the sandy soil especially in the south east of the governorate was less wet and catch up was less resistant for wind naked was more influence in increasing air pollution. 6 - For water resources positive influence in reducing of research problem in the dry climate area study through absorbing air pollutants and find a agricultural areas and natural greenery which descending on rivers shoulders , but this factor has lost much of its influence in protecting the air out of pollution because of man's role and there was not any role to the deep water in the agriculture in the area of study 7 - It has appeared that the increasing in population has a big role in the previous problem , the population in Babylon governorate during 2010 reached ( 1712329 ) which required civilized enlargement opposite to green areas and increasing the quantity of waste materials out of population different activities also acting negatively towards environment. 8 - The planted area in the study area in 2009 - 2010 has reached about ( 773355 ) acres that reduces during the summer season which the air pollution become higher through it. On the other side this activity has an influence through finding different air polluters for example injunction seeds , using agricultural killer , chemical and organic and also the wrong agricultural styles and wrong shepherding which made this activity one of the reasons of air pollution. 9 - For the transportation field role in increasing the problem of the research where the number of vehicles increased the study area from ( 1481 ) in 1977 to ( 128270 ) in 2010 while some of these3 vehicles are old and they use bad quality of power ( petrol ). The large number of these vehicle on roads and streets solid obstacles in the city center in making the pollutors more concentrate in these areas. 10 - The industrial activity in the , but the affect of it differs from one industry to another where the industrial field in the area of study is the most important human activities that affects in the research problem but the degree of its affection differed from one industry to another resource like ( gas oil and gas ) as an elementary this is the most polluters to the air and the building industry has a big role in increasing air pollution by the polluters which are poured by this industry in the areas where they are found or the near by areas and also the food industry which increases the problem of air pollution.11 - In Babil's university station it has been appeared that the higher monthly a verge gases constration ( O3 , No2 , So2 ) with constrations ( 0. 36 - 0.25 - 0.12 )ppm consequently 12 - It has been appeared that the higher monthly for the following gases consitration ( Co2 - NO ) ( 499. 886 , 0.2 ) consequently ppm by Abu Khistawy station 13 - Hamza Al - deli area has shoed higher levels for gases constrations ( CH4 , CO ) ppm ( 8. 19 , 1.14 ) ppm consequently 14 - Nadir quarter in Al - Hilla city shoed the largest amount of dust Falling are Babil during the year of study where it became (841.554 gram /m2/ year ).15 - It has appeared that the higher on sentration of (pb ) (100.48 miligram /m3 ) in Sinjar area in Hilla 16 - The highest concentration of ( Cu ) ( 71.42 miligram /m3 ) and it is registration in Nadir area in Hilla 17 - The measurement location in Mehaweel showed the highest concentration of iron and cadimuim ( 71. 93 , 872. 35 miligram /m3 ) consequently.

الامكانات الجغرافية ومدى ملاءمتها لزراعة محاصيل حقلية مقترحة في قضاء شط العرب

Author name: ابراهيم علي العيساوي
Supervisor name: منعم مجيد حمد الحمادة | وليد عبد الرضا جبيل
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The suggested field produces are regarded as strategic economical produces for their importance to fulfill a great deal of food consumption needs of population , and decrease the necessity of import from the outside , via ensuring food security in addition to the provision of raw materials which are involved in most of the industries that can be developed not in Shatt Al - Arab district only , but also in the whole governorate Basrah as well , especially that these produces are characterized by their diversity of uses in food and industry.The current study aims at shedding some light on the geographical , natural and human potentialities of Shatt Al - Arab district. It also investigates whether these potentialities are suitable for planting such produces like cereal produces ( Maze Indialu Corn , grain Sorghum Corn and Porso Millet ) , the Oleic produces (Sesame , Sunflower , and Safflower) , bean produces (Broad Bean , Dry Bean Cowpeas and green gram ) , and feed produces (Oats , Alfalfa , and Birds Foot trefoil ). Moreover , it tackles the most prominent problems that may face the planting of such produce , and the best ways to get rid of the problems for the purpose of developing and expanding the planting of these produces.The study involves three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to deal with the Geographical potentialities of Shatt Al - Arab district , the first chapter has been divided into two sections one the hand. The first deals with Natural geographical potentialities represented by the Geographical Location , geographical formation , surface and climatic properties , soil and water resources. On the other hand , The second section is concerned with the geographical as well as the human potentialities of the district represented by working hands , watering and perforation systems , the planting operations , and the Agricultural policy and transportation.The second chapter has been divided into three sections , all of which handle a certain aspect. The first section has tackled the economic importance of the suggested field produces.the second focuses on the natural necessities of these produces from the light term , The basic heat limits , the quality of the soil up to their watering needs. whilst ,the third section has dealt with the human and agricultural necessities of these produces , in which it involved the best ways of planting and the most significant classes that can suit this district such as the amount of seeds , the fertilizers , and cropping for the purpose of having the best quality and quality of these produce.Concerning the third chapter , it has been divided into three main section. the first has revealed the natural problems that might be effecting the process of the planting of the suggested field produce. Those problems are represented by the climatic problems and the leaving problems that Shat Al - Arab and the surrounding watering channels are suffered from. Also , it is not to forget the human problems represented by the lack of efficiency of the watering systems , as they do not suit the needs of those produces. In addition to that , there is a problem of increasing the rate of saltiness and the rabbis. They are regarded as natural results to the military operations. And these results are regarded as the largest obstruction that face the management of planting the suggested field produces. The second section has been dealt with the best ways to resolve these problems and assist the process of planting of these produce.Finally , I can conclude that Shat Al - Arab district is characterized by a great deal of potentialities. Those Geographical potentialities that qualify the planting of certain produce , especially grain Sorghum Corn , Safflower and Cotton , and also the feed produce as they cannot stand the dryness , the high rates of saltiness in soil , these two problems are regarded as the main problems effecting the process of planting Shat Al - Arab district. Moreover , it become obvious that furrow way of planting can be considered as the perfect way suiting those produces. The reason is typically related to its role to decrease the lost of water , also it declines the saltiness rates except in the case of feed produce. Because in the case of feed produce , it is noticed that wing panels and using the dropping of water can guarantee the expansions in the planting of the suggested field produces.

تحليـل بيئـي للعوامل الجغرافية المؤثرة في كميـة ونوعية المتـساقطات الجـوية في محافظة ذي قار : دراسة في التلوث البيئي == Environmental Analysis To Geographical Factors Influential In The Quantity And Quality Of Fallen Air In Dhi - Qar Governorate A Study In Environmental Pollution

Author name: زياد وهاب احمد
Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي | بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The subject matter is connected with ecology and from this point it gets its importance, because it is the place that the living things are live and reacting with each other positive and negairly.The existence of the falling meteorics in an environment of the study place is connected with human and natural factors which contributed in away or another in the increase or the decrease the a mount of the falling dust on certain place rather than another.The first chapter tackles some of the environmental scientific concepts and method which has been followed for writing the thesis.The second chapter is talking a bout the geographical natural factors which caused the variation of the quality and the quantity of the falling meteorics in the study field.The third chapter is a bout the human factors which caused the variation of the quality and quantity of the falling meteorics.The fourth chapter is analyses the environmental circumstances which were behind the variation of falling meteorics among the places of the study field.The fifth and final chapter is displaying the environmental circumstances which are in charge of the variation of the falling meteorics in the suburbs of the study field.This study can be considered as the first environmental study that shows the quality and the quantity of the falling dust and rain on THI - QAR province, the study used the analytic method which based upon the quantative description and explanation for the information and data of subject matter of the research.The study made it obvious that the environmental situation of THI - QAR, and its influence upon the falling meteorics has several results which are : 1 - The natural geographical and human factors have a great deal of contribution in determining the quality and the quantity of the falling meteorics in the study field, but the influence of each factor differs from the other, not only that but it differs from one factor another in the same group.2 - Climate is considered one of most influencial natural factor in the subject of the study, because of the increase of temperature level, the amount of evaporation, and the scanty humidity that the soil contains, the shortage or fluctuation of the quantity of the rain the thing that made it easier for north - west wind to carry the tiny particle of the broken, especially from the sedimentary plain.which represents (90%) percent out of the whole area of the province which facilitated the flow of the wind because of its plainly spreading from the north the south. Therefore, the influence of climatic characteristics is direct on the soil, because most of the lands in the study field are lacking the natural plants which can from a protecting shield its surface.3 - The direct adjoining of this province to provinces like, AL - MUTHANA, AL - QADISYA, and AL - WASIT, participated in helping the tiny particles of the dust to reach this place, and this is very obvious through the increase of the amount of the falling dust on the northern and the north - east of the study field, because of the domination of the barren land which represent most of the lands province, that their influences reached the study field because of the north - east wind.4 - The increase of the aquatic surface areas in the southern and the south - east parts palys an important role reducing the amount of the falling dust on these parts, because the suburbs and regions which took the first stage in the minimum amount of the falling dust are those whom the marshes and pools occupy most of their lands, which became typical sediment places to the tiny particles of dust and soil contrary to the northern and north - west parts which lacks that.5 - The man with his activities has a negative role fundamentally in the work of the natural influences, that is to say, the increase of the desert in a formidable areas of the study field, which made it a fundamental source supply the air with dust.The un availability of plantation projects and stabilizing the sand dunes, or the uncovered soil especially in the northern and north - west of the province, in addition to the weak agricultural consciousness regarding the land administration, and not following the system of (agricultural cycle) and the bad grazing until the agricultural activity because unable to play its fundamental role in reducing the flying dust, add to that the distant of the unuseful land for plantation is (2448472)d.m leave only (15%) percent invested land for season 2006 - 20076 - The beginning of industry that the study field witnessed played two roles simultaneously,Firstly it has not any influence on the level of purity of the rain water in an advanced way, because of the small amount of issuing gases that the factories produced.Secondly a percentage of the chemical elements dust and then sediment with it.7 - The transportation roads contributed in causing most of the rising dust and exists in the suburbs and areas of the study field, that because of the huge number of the unpaved streets, which reached (2087)k.m which is six times bigger than the paved streets, and even those paved streets became unuseful for moving and transporting these streets issuing the dust as soon as any transportation medium pass through or even if the wind moves.The transportation media from vehicles and motorbikes are responsible for the existence of lead and cadmium with the tiny particles of the dust, and its percentage increased the centers of there suburbs, because of the high population which is connected with the number of transportation media, we should know that producing the exhausted things close to the land surface supporting the speed to sediment of it with the falling dust.8 - The influence of the places out of the study field was very obvious through moving the tiny particles of dust from the close surrounding provinces, or from the desert of the neighbouring countries like Saudi Arabia and Egypt, and that is a natural thing because we are dealing with an atmosphere that is opened to the climatic variation.9 - The amount of the falling dust was increased during summer because of the climatic characteristics mainly adding to that the rest of the geographical factors mentioned above.Secondly come the influence of the autumn which is less than summer because of the gradual change of the climate to study field, and the drop of the temperature and the increased of humidity especially inside the soil as well as the reduction of the wind speed.The spring season came thirdly because of the similar characterizes with autumn, since they are transitional seasons between summer and winter, whereas winter is the less season of issuing falling dust due to maximum drop of temperature degree and the increase of humidity.10 - Locations like ( AL - BATHAA, SOUTH OF AL - NASSRIA CITY, SOQ AL - SHIUOKH) had witnessed the high scored amount of the falling dust through the observatory seasons, because of the direct connection with provinces like (AL - MUTHANA and AL - QADISYA), moreover it represents the sediment place for the dusty storms that come from the neighboring countries.11 - The amount of the falling dust was reduced during the observative mothes at the southern, south - east and, the eastern parts of the study field due to the vast size of the marshes and pools or the big distance of the agricultural lands in places like ( AL - TAR, GARMAT BENY SAEED, AL - AKEEKA, AL - FHOOD, URE, AL - HAMMAR, AL - DAWAYA, SAYED DIKHEEL, AL - ISLAAH, and AL - CHIPAYESH) in addition to its distance of the northern and north - west parts.12 - The amount of the falling rain increased during autumn and winter and the beginning of spring and there were to high scores to the rain fall, the first was at winter in (December) (81) mm, the other one was at spring in (march) (75.8)mm, and that is connected with the meteoric subdued, which is responsible of the rain fall on the study field.While during (February and may) there was aridity which reduce the soil humidity.13 - The concentration of the chemical elements was sort of close between the observative seasons, but the difference lies between the variation of places.Concerning lead and cadmium, their percentage is stable during the seasons of the year except in spring there was increase in the lead level in comparing with the rest of seasons.Whereas the iron scores the highest concentration in comparing with the other chemical elements, due to the dusty storms which brought it from the neighboring countries, causing this increase in its level which was stable between the seasons.While (nickel and copper)have almost the same level at over the four seasons of observation and (nickel) witness decrease in its level during spring in comparing with the other seasons.Uranium have no existence in any place, which means that it is the only element that stable value during the hole period of observation, and to be existed it needs to a measuring process for a location that indured a military a tack.14 - The level of chemical elements especially (lead and cadmium) in the centre of suburbs and regions which have big population, which increase the size of contaminators which produced through using the transportation media or burning the trash.The rest of the elements varied in their concentration from location to another.15 - The value of the hydrogenic (s) of the falling rain water (pH) within the ecologic acceptable limits, hence, between the less value scored in (AL - SHATTRA) during (march) (4.9) to the highest value scored (November) (7.6), the first value is much more acidic while the other is close to be even.The reason behind the increase of the acidic or base level due the amount of the contaminators in the air, from gases or vapor, didn’t reach to the risky environment stage.

دراسة مناخية لتكرار الظواهر الجوية (الغيوم والعواصف الرعدية والبرد) في العراق == Climatic Study Of The Recurrence Of Atmospheric Phenomena : Clouds, Thunder Storms And Hails In Iraq

Author name: رحيم عيدان فضيل العطافي
Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الى دراسة تكرار الظواهر الجوية الغيوم، والعواصف الرعدية، والبرق، والبرد وعلاقة بعضها ببعض في العراق للمدة من 1991 - 2002 م في جهات القطر المختلفة وتحليل العوامل التي تقرر حدوثها وتوزيعها الجغرافي وعلاقة بعضها ببعض من اجل اعطاء صورة حقيقية عن طب | This study aims at studying the recurrence of atmospheric phenomena like clouds, thunder storms, lightning and hails, and their relation with each other. In Iraq between 19991 - 2002 in different areas of the country it also aims at analyzing the factors that decide their occurrence together with their geographic distribution and their relation with each other to give a realistic image of the nature of atmospheric phenomena in addition to specifying the time and places in which they occur during the and place distinction. This is due to the fact that these phenomena have positive and negative impacts on different sides of life. his study falls into four chapters with different sections. First chapter deals with studying the influential factors in atmospheric phenomena (clouds, thunder storms and the phenomena of lightning and hails) represented by the solar radiation, temperature, humidity, winds, jet currents, air masses, and low atmosphere. Chapter two deals with studying the atmospheric phenomena recurrence (clouds, thunder, storms, and the phenomena of lightning and hails). This chapter consists of four sections : Section one deals with studying clouds : the factors responsible foe low, mid and high duds formation , their types and geographic distribution. Section two deals with studying thunder storms, outspread weather that accomplices rainy and non - rainy thunder storms, and their geographical destruction. Section three deals with studying lighting phenomena, lighting formation , types of lightning and their geographic distribution. Section four deals with studying hail phenomena, hail formation and their geographic distribution. Chapter three consists of three section : Section one deals with studying the relationship between low clouds and rainy and non - rainy thunder storms and the phenomena of lightning and hails. Section two deals with studying the relationship between mid, clouds and rainy and non - rainy thunder storms, and the phenomena of lightning and hails. Section three deals with studying the relationship between high - clouds and rainy and non - rainy thunder storms , and the phenomena of lightning and hails. Section four deals with studying the relationship between clouds rising and rainy non - rainy thunder storms, and the phenomena of lighting and hails. During this study of the recurrence of atmospheric phenomena (clouds, thunder storms, and the phenomena of lightning and hails) in Iraq , many facts are revealed and summarized as : 1 - Multiplicity of factors responsible for the formation atmospheric phenomena (clouds, thunder, storms, lighting and hails). 2 - There is time place conflict for clouds , thunder storms, lighting and hails among areas included in this study

الملائمة المكانية لكفاءة التخطيط الحضري واثرها على السكان في مدينة البصرة == Spacial Suitability Of Urban Planning Efficiency And Its Impact On People Of Basrah City

Author name: وسن نوشي محمد المنصوري
Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The main purpose behind studying the special suitability to the urban planning efficiency and its impact on people of Basra city is to reveal which factors are more influential on population changes and how to handle the short comings to provide an urban environment suitable for living. To achieve the goal of this, it's divided into three chapters together with the results. Chapter one deals with some of the people characteristics of Basra city and their impacts represented by studying environment population growth since 1947 until 2008 changing numerical and proportional distribution of people of the city and the life span and qualitative structure. Chapter two deals with using of the urban lands of Basra city and the relationship between the origins of planning and the existing reality. Chapter three deals with the restrictions of urban growth of Basra city whether these restrictions are natural or human. After collection, classification and analysis of the in some conclusions regarding Basra city, the current study reveals that there is : - 1) An increase in population of Basra city since 1947 until 2008 continuously.2) A conflict between uses of urban land and the oversteps that there impacts are reflected in the process of providing different services like overstepping the commercial, industrial, educational and religious uses over residential uses and vice versa, where overstepping of the residential almost exceeds (3271) houses.3) An apparent shortage in educational services and the city needs additional (158) kindergarten, (64) primary schools and (71) secondary schools.4) An apparent traffic congestion that the city witnesses for it's bared with roads and street that don't rise to level of the city planning in addition an increase in the car numbers and the lack of car parking. 5) Natural and human restrictions that decrease urban growth of Basra city. The most significant one is the human factor represented by the state policy in directing urban growth towards south - west part of the city.6) No actual execution of the conditions of the wars, unavailable of the financial specifications and misbehavior of administration

تحليل جغرافي للواقع الزراعي فـي قضاء الرفاعي للمــدة 2000 - 2007 == Geographical Analysis For The Agricultural Production At Rifa'Ee County

Author name: ميثم عبد الحسين حميد الوزان
Supervisor name: منعم مجيد حمد الحمادة
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Two factors are combined succeed any agricultural process that is the nature reagent represented by the products of the nature as an auxiliary reagent or obstacle facing agricultural process and the human factor who attempt hardly to less the effect of ne

استخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS في تقييم واقع زراعة المحاصيل في قضاء الرميثة == Using of Geographical Information Systems In Evaluation of Crops Cultivation In The Rumaitha District / Qadha'A

Author name: فيصل لفتة هدام الجياشي
Supervisor name: داود جاسم الربيعي | حسن عداي كرم الله
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: منطقة الدراسة ذات اهمية لمحافظة المثنى، كونها تشكل السلة الغذائية للمحافظة، فضلا عن انها تظم اراض واسعة ومتنوعة من حيث تربتها، وهذا ما يستوجب الدراسة والتحليل. لذلك كان هدف الدراسة تقييم واقع زراعة المحاصيل الزراعية في منطقة الدراسة وتحديد افضل الاماكن لز | The study area is of great importance to the AL - Muthanna province, as the food basket, as well as they include a wide variety of land where soil, which requires study and analysis, the objective of the study was to assess agricultural crops in the study
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