تحليـل بيئـي للعوامل الجغرافية المؤثرة في كميـة ونوعية المتـساقطات الجـوية في محافظة ذي قار : دراسة في التلوث البيئي == Environmental Analysis To Geographical Factors Influential In The Quantity And Quality Of Fallen Air In Dhi - Qar Governorate A Study In Environmental Pollution
Author name:
زياد وهاب احمد
Supervisor name:
كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي | بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
General topic:
Geography
Specific topic:
Geography
Degree:
Master
University:
University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Basrah
First pages:
10T1314 - p.pdf
Abstract:
The subject matter is connected with ecology and from this point it gets its importance, because it is the place that the living things are live and reacting with each other positive and negairly.The existence of the falling meteorics in an environment of the study place is connected with human and natural factors which contributed in away or another in the increase or the decrease the a mount of the falling dust on certain place rather than another.The first chapter tackles some of the environmental scientific concepts and method which has been followed for writing the thesis.The second chapter is talking a bout the geographical natural factors which caused the variation of the quality and the quantity of the falling meteorics in the study field.The third chapter is a bout the human factors which caused the variation of the quality and quantity of the falling meteorics.The fourth chapter is analyses the environmental circumstances which were behind the variation of falling meteorics among the places of the study field.The fifth and final chapter is displaying the environmental circumstances which are in charge of the variation of the falling meteorics in the suburbs of the study field.This study can be considered as the first environmental study that shows the quality and the quantity of the falling dust and rain on THI - QAR province, the study used the analytic method which based upon the quantative description and explanation for the information and data of subject matter of the research.The study made it obvious that the environmental situation of THI - QAR, and its influence upon the falling meteorics has several results which are : 1 - The natural geographical and human factors have a great deal of contribution in determining the quality and the quantity of the falling meteorics in the study field, but the influence of each factor differs from the other, not only that but it differs from one factor another in the same group.2 - Climate is considered one of most influencial natural factor in the subject of the study, because of the increase of temperature level, the amount of evaporation, and the scanty humidity that the soil contains, the shortage or fluctuation of the quantity of the rain the thing that made it easier for north - west wind to carry the tiny particle of the broken, especially from the sedimentary plain.which represents (90%) percent out of the whole area of the province which facilitated the flow of the wind because of its plainly spreading from the north the south. Therefore, the influence of climatic characteristics is direct on the soil, because most of the lands in the study field are lacking the natural plants which can from a protecting shield its surface.3 - The direct adjoining of this province to provinces like, AL - MUTHANA, AL - QADISYA, and AL - WASIT, participated in helping the tiny particles of the dust to reach this place, and this is very obvious through the increase of the amount of the falling dust on the northern and the north - east of the study field, because of the domination of the barren land which represent most of the lands province, that their influences reached the study field because of the north - east wind.4 - The increase of the aquatic surface areas in the southern and the south - east parts palys an important role reducing the amount of the falling dust on these parts, because the suburbs and regions which took the first stage in the minimum amount of the falling dust are those whom the marshes and pools occupy most of their lands, which became typical sediment places to the tiny particles of dust and soil contrary to the northern and north - west parts which lacks that.5 - The man with his activities has a negative role fundamentally in the work of the natural influences, that is to say, the increase of the desert in a formidable areas of the study field, which made it a fundamental source supply the air with dust.The un availability of plantation projects and stabilizing the sand dunes, or the uncovered soil especially in the northern and north - west of the province, in addition to the weak agricultural consciousness regarding the land administration, and not following the system of (agricultural cycle) and the bad grazing until the agricultural activity because unable to play its fundamental role in reducing the flying dust, add to that the distant of the unuseful land for plantation is (2448472)d.m leave only (15%) percent invested land for season 2006 - 20076 - The beginning of industry that the study field witnessed played two roles simultaneously,Firstly it has not any influence on the level of purity of the rain water in an advanced way, because of the small amount of issuing gases that the factories produced.Secondly a percentage of the chemical elements dust and then sediment with it.7 - The transportation roads contributed in causing most of the rising dust and exists in the suburbs and areas of the study field, that because of the huge number of the unpaved streets, which reached (2087)k.m which is six times bigger than the paved streets, and even those paved streets became unuseful for moving and transporting these streets issuing the dust as soon as any transportation medium pass through or even if the wind moves.The transportation media from vehicles and motorbikes are responsible for the existence of lead and cadmium with the tiny particles of the dust, and its percentage increased the centers of there suburbs, because of the high population which is connected with the number of transportation media, we should know that producing the exhausted things close to the land surface supporting the speed to sediment of it with the falling dust.8 - The influence of the places out of the study field was very obvious through moving the tiny particles of dust from the close surrounding provinces, or from the desert of the neighbouring countries like Saudi Arabia and Egypt, and that is a natural thing because we are dealing with an atmosphere that is opened to the climatic variation.9 - The amount of the falling dust was increased during summer because of the climatic characteristics mainly adding to that the rest of the geographical factors mentioned above.Secondly come the influence of the autumn which is less than summer because of the gradual change of the climate to study field, and the drop of the temperature and the increased of humidity especially inside the soil as well as the reduction of the wind speed.The spring season came thirdly because of the similar characterizes with autumn, since they are transitional seasons between summer and winter, whereas winter is the less season of issuing falling dust due to maximum drop of temperature degree and the increase of humidity.10 - Locations like ( AL - BATHAA, SOUTH OF AL - NASSRIA CITY, SOQ AL - SHIUOKH) had witnessed the high scored amount of the falling dust through the observatory seasons, because of the direct connection with provinces like (AL - MUTHANA and AL - QADISYA), moreover it represents the sediment place for the dusty storms that come from the neighboring countries.11 - The amount of the falling dust was reduced during the observative mothes at the southern, south - east and, the eastern parts of the study field due to the vast size of the marshes and pools or the big distance of the agricultural lands in places like ( AL - TAR, GARMAT BENY SAEED, AL - AKEEKA, AL - FHOOD, URE, AL - HAMMAR, AL - DAWAYA, SAYED DIKHEEL, AL - ISLAAH, and AL - CHIPAYESH) in addition to its distance of the northern and north - west parts.12 - The amount of the falling rain increased during autumn and winter and the beginning of spring and there were to high scores to the rain fall, the first was at winter in (December) (81) mm, the other one was at spring in (march) (75.8)mm, and that is connected with the meteoric subdued, which is responsible of the rain fall on the study field.While during (February and may) there was aridity which reduce the soil humidity.13 - The concentration of the chemical elements was sort of close between the observative seasons, but the difference lies between the variation of places.Concerning lead and cadmium, their percentage is stable during the seasons of the year except in spring there was increase in the lead level in comparing with the rest of seasons.Whereas the iron scores the highest concentration in comparing with the other chemical elements, due to the dusty storms which brought it from the neighboring countries, causing this increase in its level which was stable between the seasons.While (nickel and copper)have almost the same level at over the four seasons of observation and (nickel) witness decrease in its level during spring in comparing with the other seasons.Uranium have no existence in any place, which means that it is the only element that stable value during the hole period of observation, and to be existed it needs to a measuring process for a location that indured a military a tack.14 - The level of chemical elements especially (lead and cadmium) in the centre of suburbs and regions which have big population, which increase the size of contaminators which produced through using the transportation media or burning the trash.The rest of the elements varied in their concentration from location to another.15 - The value of the hydrogenic (s) of the falling rain water (pH) within the ecologic acceptable limits, hence, between the less value scored in (AL - SHATTRA) during (march) (4.9) to the highest value scored (November) (7.6), the first value is much more acidic while the other is close to be even.The reason behind the increase of the acidic or base level due the amount of the contaminators in the air, from gases or vapor, didn’t reach to the risky environment stage.
