تباين تراكيز الغازات الملوثة لهواء محافظة بابل : دراسة في التلوث البيئي == Variation In The Concentrations Of Air Pollutant At Babylon Governorate (Study Of Environmental Pollution
Author name:
شاكر عبد عايد
Supervisor name:
كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
General topic:
Geography
Specific topic:
Geography
Degree:
Master
University:
University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Basrah
First pages:
10T1316 - p.pdf
Abstract:
ان الهدف من هذا البحث هو دراسة ظاهرة تلوث الهواء في محافظة بابل عن طريق دراسة تباين تراكيز الغازات الملوثة للهواء في المحافظة من خلال عدد من المحطات التي تقيس تراكيز مجموعة من الغازات. فضلا عن دراسة التباين الكمي والنوعي للملوثات الجوية المتساقطة فوق مح | The purpose ( objective ) of this research is studying air pollution phenomena Bahylan governorate through studying the vanatins the concentrations of air pollntntnts the governorate through some stations which measure the concentrations of gases and also studying the quality and quantity differences for polluters that falling over Bahylan govenorate during 2010 through some source locations that are distributed in city center and some other places. For this purpose, reported hinformation ( the ministry of environment governorate , the Iraqi air information , the quality of air in Babylan environment governorate during 2010 were used. The lowest and the highest limits and yearly average for each kind of polluters as well as the quantity of falling dust at each location during the months of study year were stand by using anautomatic absorbition tool to measure the concentrations of heavy elements that mixed with dust during the seasons. The human and natural factors and how much they influence wpon ari pollutants at Babylon were standed too.The increasing of the concentrations of air pollutants at Babylon is caused by natural and human reasons with granted eldeat to the human factors which is represented by industry , transportation , population and agriculture. The location of the city which is neighbor to some governorates has a big role in driver these governorates by wind.Factors adhering air pollution at Babylon governorate are : 1 - The astronomical location specified the climate features to Babil governorate which it lies in the centre of Iraq made it influenced by the climate of middle Iraq which is hot and dry ( BW) which reflected on the other natural factors and it role to influence the distribution and concentration of air polluters 2 - The geographical location of Baghdad , Anbar and Karbalaa which are next to Babil made the area of study influences by pollutant which are poured from these governorate whether they are natural like dusty storms or human like industrial waste which the wind played a vital role to transport them to the study area. 3 - The area of study has a property which is plane surface and average about ( 0,23 ) meter per Kilometers towards northwest , southwest , and also the existence of surface water by. Euphrates and its feeds and also the dependence of population on it for the first place in the area of study for lack of rain 4 - The climate has a negative role in the of the problem because of high degree of heat and the increasing of steaming and the lack of rain , all that led to draught of soil and break down. Also the lack of natural greenery contributed increasing of naked soil wind for the autumn of dust and sandwich they are air pollutants, and for the hot climate influence on high of elements and gases by the influence of sun races from the light chemical to change the gases into elements more harmful on air pollution 5 - The soil of soft muddy area in the river's shoulders and the bad drainage pools was more resistant to naked wind operation and less influence on air pollution , while the sandy soil especially in the south east of the governorate was less wet and catch up was less resistant for wind naked was more influence in increasing air pollution. 6 - For water resources positive influence in reducing of research problem in the dry climate area study through absorbing air pollutants and find a agricultural areas and natural greenery which descending on rivers shoulders , but this factor has lost much of its influence in protecting the air out of pollution because of man's role and there was not any role to the deep water in the agriculture in the area of study 7 - It has appeared that the increasing in population has a big role in the previous problem , the population in Babylon governorate during 2010 reached ( 1712329 ) which required civilized enlargement opposite to green areas and increasing the quantity of waste materials out of population different activities also acting negatively towards environment. 8 - The planted area in the study area in 2009 - 2010 has reached about ( 773355 ) acres that reduces during the summer season which the air pollution become higher through it. On the other side this activity has an influence through finding different air polluters for example injunction seeds , using agricultural killer , chemical and organic and also the wrong agricultural styles and wrong shepherding which made this activity one of the reasons of air pollution. 9 - For the transportation field role in increasing the problem of the research where the number of vehicles increased the study area from ( 1481 ) in 1977 to ( 128270 ) in 2010 while some of these3 vehicles are old and they use bad quality of power ( petrol ). The large number of these vehicle on roads and streets solid obstacles in the city center in making the pollutors more concentrate in these areas. 10 - The industrial activity in the , but the affect of it differs from one industry to another where the industrial field in the area of study is the most important human activities that affects in the research problem but the degree of its affection differed from one industry to another resource like ( gas oil and gas ) as an elementary this is the most polluters to the air and the building industry has a big role in increasing air pollution by the polluters which are poured by this industry in the areas where they are found or the near by areas and also the food industry which increases the problem of air pollution.11 - In Babil's university station it has been appeared that the higher monthly a verge gases constration ( O3 , No2 , So2 ) with constrations ( 0. 36 - 0.25 - 0.12 )ppm consequently 12 - It has been appeared that the higher monthly for the following gases consitration ( Co2 - NO ) ( 499. 886 , 0.2 ) consequently ppm by Abu Khistawy station 13 - Hamza Al - deli area has shoed higher levels for gases constrations ( CH4 , CO ) ppm ( 8. 19 , 1.14 ) ppm consequently 14 - Nadir quarter in Al - Hilla city shoed the largest amount of dust Falling are Babil during the year of study where it became (841.554 gram /m2/ year ).15 - It has appeared that the higher on sentration of (pb ) (100.48 miligram /m3 ) in Sinjar area in Hilla 16 - The highest concentration of ( Cu ) ( 71.42 miligram /m3 ) and it is registration in Nadir area in Hilla 17 - The measurement location in Mehaweel showed the highest concentration of iron and cadimuim ( 71. 93 , 872. 35 miligram /m3 ) consequently.
