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التركيب الكيميائي النباتي والفعالية المضادة للبكتريا لبعض النباتات الطبية ضد البكتريا المرضية المعزولة من مرضى الحروق == Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants extracts against pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients infected with burn infections

Author name: ظافر رحمان عبد
Supervisor name: ايناس عبد الرؤوف عمار
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • بكتريا – الحروق – نباتات طبية -
First pages:

تحديد المكورات العنقودية السلبية المخثره من دم مرضى قلة العدلات الناجمة عن العلاج الكيمياوي == Identification of Coagalase Negative Staphylococci From blood in Chemo therapy Induced Neutropenic Patients

Author name: منتظر رياض لفتة
Supervisor name: كريم ثامر مشكور
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • CoNS , PCR , Neutropnic , mecA gen
First pages:

الخصائص المظهرية والجينية لمقاومة المضادات الحيوية للعزلات السالبة للجرام التي تسبب عدوى المسالك البولية بين مرضى الاطفال == Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Antibiotics Resistant Gram-Negative Isolates Causing Urinary Tract Infection among Pediatric Patients

Author name: سجاد مؤيد عبد الحسين
Supervisor name: زينب جابر هادي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Najaf
Key words:
  • التهاب المجاري البولية , البكتيريا سالبة الجرام, مقاومة المضادات
First pages:

تنقية جزئية وتوصيف Biosurfactant من بكتريا Bacillus subtilis وتاثيرها على نمو بعض عزلات البكتريا والفطريات

Author name: غـفـران فـلـيـح عـبد الـحـسـن عـزيـز الجـبـوري
Supervisor name: فاطمة عبد الحسين مجبل التميمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: تم الحصول على 102عزلة من العزلات البكتيرية من 40 عينة من عينات الترب الملوثة بالنفط من مختلف المناطق ورشة عمل السيارات، محطات وقود السيارات، مصافي النفط ولخمسة مناطق مختلفة في العراق . خضعت كل هذه العزلات الى الفحص المجهري والخصائص الزرعية ووجد ان 80 عزلة منها تنتمي الى جنس Bacillus ، هذه العزلات خضعت ايضا لاختبارات بايوكيميائية وشخصت بناءا على دراسة rDNA 16S من قبل مجموعتين من البرايمرات (andB16SF B16SR) و(1492R and 27 F) اذ وجد ان 51 عزلة منها تعود الى Bacillus subtilis . تم فحص جميع هذه العزلات من حيث قدرتها على انتاج biosurfactant عن طريق فحص النشاط انحلال الدم على وسط دم الاغنام حيث وجد ان جميع العزلات كانت من النوع تحلل الدم بيتا حيث تم فحصها اعتمادا على قياس الشد السطحي بعد زراعتها في Jacques medium اظهرت النتائج ان 46 عزلة من 51 عزلة كانت منتجة biosurfactant , وقد تم اختيار ثمانية منها تميزت بانتاجها لهذا المركب وهي (S1,S2,S3 S4,S5,S6,S7,S8) حيث كانت العزلة B. subtilis S4 هي الاكفا في الانتاج لذلك اختيرت في الدراسات اللاحقة . تم استخلاص Biosurfactant الخام من العزلات المختارة بواسطة وتنقيته جزئيا باستخدام طريقة Ion exchange chromatography باستخدام DEAE - Cellulose تلاها طريقة Gel filtration chromatography باستخدام Sepharose - 6B . تمت دراسة خصائص المركبات المنقاة واظهرت النتائج ان الوزن الجزيئي biosurfactant التي تنتجهاB.subtilis S4 تراوح بين (1036 - 1058دالتون) من خلال جهاز HPLC - TOF - MS . اظهرت النتائج ان الحد الاقصى لانتاج biosurfactant من العزلة تم بطريقة استخدام زيت الزيتون (3٪) وكبريتات الامونيوم (0.3٪) وKH2PO4 (1.5) غم / لتر، وبدرجة حرارة 30 مº والاس الهايدروجيني (7) وفترة الحضانة لمدة 72 ساعة. وقد تحققت اعلى نسبة للـ biosurfactant بعد مكملات الظروف المثلى الى 0.3 غرام / لتر من الوسط الزرعي . تم اختبارالنشاط البكتيري والفطري للعزلات الثمانية ضد بعض الجراثيم المسببة للامراض، وهي Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Escherichia coli ,Proteus mirabilis, Candida albicans , Candida tropicalis , Candida krusei , Rhizopus oryzae , Aspergillus niger وكانت العزلة الاكثر فعالية هي B.subtilis S4 التي اظهرت وجود نشاط ضد كل مسببات الامراض ماعدا S.pneumonia ,P.aeruginosa ,C.krusei . كما بينت النتائج ان مستخلص العزلة B.subtilis S4 اظهر اعلى تثبيط نموعند التركيز 1500 مايكروغرام / مل وصل الى 24 ملم ضد E.coli، 23 ملم ضد K.aerogenes، 21 ملم ضد S.aureus، 15 ملم ضدC.albicans، 14 ملم ضد P.mirabilis، 11 ملم ضد C.tropicalis، وتثبيط نمو الفطريات، حيث وصل معدل النمو الشعاعي الى 31.9 ملم ضد A.niger و9.7 ملم ضد R.oryzae عند التركيز 2 ملغم / مل. كذلك اظهرت النتائج ان سمية المستخلص B.subtilis خارج الجسم الحي على ذكور الجرذان البيض بلغت حوالي 922 ملغم / كغم وتشير اذ ان الاعطاء اليومي biosurfactant لم تظهراي حالة وفاة في اي جرعة ، ولم تلاحظ اي تغييرات غير عادية في السلوك اوتاثيرات سمية خلال فترة 28 يوما من العلاج. واثبت التحاليل انه ليس هناك اي تاثير سلبي على معايير الدم الفسلجية وهذا يؤكد صحة هذه المستحضرات الحيوية للاستخدام . | About 102 bacterial isolates were obtained from 40 oil contaminated soil samples from various automobile work shop ,cars fuel stations ,oil refineries of five different areas in Iraq. Microscopic examination and cultural characteristics for all isolated were investigated , 80 isolates were found to be related to the genus Bacillus , Bacillus isolates were subjected to the biochemical tests and molecular identification based on the 16S rDNA by two sets of primers (B16SF and B16SR) , (27F and 1492R) of these 80 isolates revealed that 51 of the identified isolates belonged to Bacillus subtilis.All these isolates were screened for their ability for biosurfactant production through blood haemolysis activity on sheep blood agar indicated that all isolates were β - hemolysis while screening depended on measuring the lowering surface tension of cell free supernatant after cultivation in jacques medium which referred that 46 of 51 isolates were biosurfactant producers. Eight isolates were selected for the best biosurfactant producer isolatesCrude biosurfactants produced by the selected isolates were extracted by acid precipitation followed by partially purified with dichloromethane followed by purification and characteristics, the results showed that the molecular weight of biosurfactant produced by B.subtilis S4 ranging between 1036 - 1058 Da . Optimum conditions for biosurfactants production from B. subtilis S4 were determined. Results showed that maximum biosurfactant production from this isolate was achieved by using 3% olive oil , 0.3 % ammonium sulfate and 1.5 g / l Potassium dihydrogen phosphate ,at pH7,30 ºC and incubation period for 72 hrs. Maximum biosurfactant production was achieved after the supplementation of the optimum conditions was 0.3 g/l of culture medium .All of the eight isolates were tested for antimicrobial activity against twelve pathogenic microorganisms : Staphylococcus aureus ,Streptococcus pneumonia,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Escherichia coli ,Proteus mirabilis Klebsiella aerogenes,Candida albicans,C.tropicalis,C. krusei , Rhizopus oryzae , Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum.The most effective isolates were B.subtilis S4 which showed antimicrobial activity against some tested pathogens except S.pneumonia ,P. aeruginosa ,C.krusei and P.notatum.The results indicated that S4 culture extract showed high growth inhibition zone in concentration 1500 µg /ml reached to 24 , 23, 21, 15, 14 and 11 mm against E.coli , K.aerogenes , S.aureus , C.albicans, P.mirabilis,C.tropicalis respectively and high reduction in of radial growth of the fungi reached to 31.9 and 9.7 mm in A.niger and R.oryzae respectively at 2 mg /ml concentration .Study in vivo potential toxicity of B.subtilis lipopeptide biosurfactant towards male rat was evaluated. An LD50 value was determined to be about 922 mg / kg. Results show that daily administration of biosurfactant did not show any death cases at any dose. Also, no unusual changes in behavior and no intoxication were observed during the 28 days period of treatment. Analysis proved that there were no significant adverse effect on hematological parameters and this confirms the validity of those biopharmaceuticals on body of mammals.

دراسة لتكوين الغشاء الحيوي لبكتريا Escherichia coli وProteus mirabilis المعزلة من اصابات المسالك البولية في محافظة النجف الاشرف == Study of Biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis isolated from urinary tract infection in AL - Najaf Al - Ashraf governorate

Author name: رسل عيدان محسن
Supervisor name: سهام جاسم محسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The aim of this study is to inferring the ability of biofilm production and virulence factors which has helped to form it into two types of bacteria P.mirabilis and E.coli. Two hundred and fifty samples have been collected from patients who are suffering Urinary tract infection (UTI) in Teaching Hospital at Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf during the period ( 1/10/2014 - 1/1/ 2015). The samples have has identified by diagnostic methods : culturing , microscopic , biochemical and using VITEK - 2 compact system more sensitively and specifically method.The results have been showed that the isolation ratio was 30 (37.5%) of E.coli, while P.mirabilis was 14(17.5%) also, a five isolates (6.5%) wereEnterobacter cloacae ssp cloacae and only two isolates (2.5%) were Raoultella ornithinolytica from the total number of specimens. The virulence factors and antibiotic sensitivity test of two bacteria : P.mirabilis and E.coli were determined and the more virulence and multidrug resistance were selected.The hemagglutination properties of P.mirabilis which isolated from clinical samples were determined , the reaction with red blood cells of human group O+ was explored. The ratio of Hemagglutination was reached 42.86%, 50%, 7.14% to MSHA, MRHA and NOHA respectively. However, E.coli has been a different results that was reached 30 % , 26.67% and 43.33% from type MSHA, MRHA and NOHA as well. On the other hand, the thin - film production (pellicle) has been formed by 13 isolates of bacteria P.mirabilis and 21 isolates of bacteria E.coli, when it was growth on the nutrient broth in a temperature 37˚C for 24 - 18 hours. Moreover, it has been shown that there is high affinity for adhesion with the epithelium cell in the urinary tract. In addition, the E.coli has proved the higher efficiency than P.mirabilis in adhesion. It was detected ability of bacteria to biofilm production in three methods. The bacteria E.coli have showed their ability on biofilm production where by the rate was (43.3, 52 and60)% on the different growth ways which was the Congo Red, the tube and the plate respectively.The gel electrophoresis has been done on all isolates which was to analyzed on adhesive factors genetically whereby the bacteria P.mirabilis, E.coli have shown ability to gene expression (fimH and afaB) with a rate of (42.86 and 28.57)% and (30 and 20)%, respectively.Also, it has been clarified that the antibiotics ( Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin and Ceftazidime) have an effect on the most virulent bacteria to prevent the formation of biofilm when it is taken a half of minimum inhibitory concentrations. It was found that the minimum inhibitory concentrations were the most efficient in the prevent a biofilm formation in both types of bacteria.It appears to be found that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these antibiotics were the most efficient in the prevent the formation of biofilm in both types of bacteria. Ciprofloxacin has the high efficiency to prevent the biofilm formation in E.coli while this concentration has no effective on biofilm production from others. It has been found that there is a clear positive relationship between the presence of adhesion gene (fimH , afaB) and the ability to adhesion on the epithelial .The conjugation process was conducted successfully to transfer the adhesion genes between (E.coli and P.mirabilis) which have been considered a donor strains to transfer the genes to the standard strain E.coli HB101 which have been considered a receipt strains whereby have shown ability to adhesion and biofilm formation.

تحديد الصفات المظهرية والوراثية لانواع بكتريا المكورات المعوية المعزولة من المرضى في محافظة النجف الاشرف == Phenotypic And Genotypic Detection of Enterococcus Sp. Isolated From Patients In Al - Najaf Al - Ashraf Governorate

Author name: زهراء حميد عودة القريشي
Supervisor name: مهدي حسين محيل العمار
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages:
Abstract: The study aimed to isolate and identify the Enterococcus spp. from different clinical specimens and study the virulence factors of predominant species, as well as detected the virulence factors encoding genes such as efaA (endocarditis - associated antigen), esp (enterococcal surface protein), eep (stimulating of pheromones expression) and enlA (enterolysin A) genes by PCR techniques.There were three hundred clinical specimens collected from patients suffering from different clinical infections during the period from September 2013 to January 2014 in AL - Sadder Medical City and AL - Hakem General Hospital. The identification of the Enterococcus spp. isolates were depended on colonial morphology, microscopic examination and biochemical tests as a primary identification. The final identification was performed with the automated VITEK - 2 compact system using Gram positive - Identification (GP - ID) cards.According to the results obtained by the VITEK tests forty two clinical isolates of Enterococcus were detected, which distributed into : (22) isolates from urine, (8) vaginal swabs, (6) seminal fluid, (4) throat swabs and two isolates from wound swabs with no isolates from cerebral spinal fluid, stool and blood specimens.This study revealed that the E. faecalis is more distributed with 25(59.52%), followed by E. faecium with 10 (23.80%), E.avium with 5 (11.90 %), E. durans and E. raffinosus with 1(2.39%) for each.The study investigated the virulence factors of E. faecalis, E.faecium and E.avium, which play a major role in enterococcus pathogenicity. E. faecalis and E.faecium had the ability to producecapsule, gelatinase, biofilm, adhesion, protease, bacteriocin, haemolysin and cytolysin except ? - lactamase produced only by E. faecalis while E.avium produced all these virulence factors except gelatinase, bacteriocin and cytolysin.The results revealed variation in the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics, E.faecalis express absolute resistance (100%) to Erythromycin, high resistance against Gentamycin, Tetracyclin and Vancomycin but high susceptibility to Ciproflaxacin and Penicillin and moderate susceptibility to Chloramphenicol. E.faecium exhibited absolute resistance (100%) to Erythromycin, Gentamycin and Tetracyclin, high resistance against Chloramphenicol, Penicillin and Vancomycin but high susceptibility to Ciproflaxacin while E.avium exhibited susceptibility (100%) to all these antibiotics except Tetracyclin showed absolute resistance.Then detected the virulence factors encoding genes : efaA, esp, eep and enlA genes by using PCR techniques and Electrophoresis Systems.Finally, The genotypic method. Regard to genotypic study the outcome showed that 21(84%) isolates of E.faecalis, 4(40%) of E.faecium and 5(100%) of E.avium were carrying efaA gene and 17(68%) of E.faecalis, 5(50%) of E.faecium, 5(100%) of E.avium were carrying esp gene while eep gene was carrying only by E.faecalis and E.faecium ; 12(48%) and 3(30%) respectively. Also the results revealed that only 1(4%) isolates of E.faecalis have enlA gene.

الالفة الجينية لبكتريا ايشيريشيا القولون الممرضة للسبيل البولي المتعددة المقاومة للمضادات الحياتية المعزولة من التهاب المجاري البولية في النجف == Genetic Affinities Of Multiple Drug Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated From Patients With Urinary Tract Infection In Najaf

Author name: سامر عبد الصاحب محمد حسين الهلالي
Supervisor name: علي محسن نعمة المحنة
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria
Degree: Doctorate
Language: English
University location: Najaf
First pages: