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اثر كلف النقل في الاتجاهات التسويقية لمعامل الاسمنت في العراق لعام 2015 == The Influence Of Transportation Cost On The Business Marketing Of Cement Factories In Iraq For 2015

Author name: نورس تحسين شبيب
Supervisor name: ناهض هاتف محمد السعيدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد صناعة الاسمنت احد الانشطة المهمة لاقامة مشاريع البنى التحتية او اي مشروع اعماري , ان هدف الدراسة هو معرفة اثر كلف النقل في الاتجاهات التسويقية لمصانع الاسمنت في العراق لسنة 2015,وهل اثر الاسمنت المستورد في الصناعة المحلية ودراسة التوزيع الجغرافي لمص | The industry of cement is considered one of the significant activities in the construction of sites and projects. The present study aims at identifying the transportation cost of cement in Iraqi factories during 2015 and whether these costs do affect the business marketing of this product. Besides, it aims at exploring whether the imported cement does affect the local or national industry of this product, and the geographical distribution of cement factories in Iraq. This study has adopted the regional methodology resulting in identifying the factors of industrial settlement greatly impacting the cement industry such as the raw material, working hands, marketing, capital, energy and power, and the governmental policy besides the natural factors and conditions such as the geographical position, weather and water resources in the light of theories concerned with the transportation costs like Alfred Fiber theory and Hoover theory. The study has depended on the records of cement factories of governmental and non - governmental sectors in addition to field visits to diagnose the amount of cement produced during 2015. There is a variation in the geographical distribution of cement factories in Iraq as there are six factories in the north affiliated to the northern cement company, four in the west affiliated to the Iraqi cement company, and eight factories in the south affiliated to the southern cement company besides other private factories like Mas - Bazian in Sulaimania, Aldouh factory in AlMuthna, and Almabroukah factory in AlBasra. The cement industry in Iraq suffers from a lot of problems like transportation cost, factories distribution, marketing problems, pollution problems, power problems and foreign competitive products. It has been concluded that the industrial settlement is one of the main reason in constructing and building cement industrial projects especially in the case of Iraq which is best known by the availability of raw materials. Furthermore, the transportation cost of cement from those factories to the various governorates decides the business marketing of this product as it has been observed that the transportation direction from those factories to the nearest governorates show lower prices and costs and the reverse is true.

التباين المكاني للبطالة في العراق للسنوات 1987 - 1997 - 2012 == Locative Contrast Of Unemployment In Iraq For(1987 - 1997 - 2012

Author name: نغم احمد مصلح
Supervisor name: ندى شاكر جودت الفرطوسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The current study aims to know the average of unemployment in Iraq for the years ( 1987, 1997,2012), except the northern governorates (Dohok, Erbil and Sulaymaniyah ). This could be done and carried out through explaining the differences in averages of unemployment in the rural and urban of governorates and also in respect to genders distribution ( Males and Females. Studying temporal and spatial difference among them to know the reasons lying behind that. The researcher has used quantitative and descriptive method and then studying the indicators and variables having relation to the ratio of the unemployed by using simple and multi - correlation coefficient as to show the effect of the independent effect on the followed variable.The study includes three chapters , introduction and conclusion. The current study reaches to the following : 1. Average of unemployment has reached to " 13,5" in 1997 after it has been 3,5 in 1987 and reached to 12,9 in 2012.2. averages of unemployment in Iraq in respect to administrative units , got different in the years ( 1987, 1997, 2012). Maysan , Thi Qar , Baghdad , and Al - Muthana governorates have recorded high rates of unemployment; Maysan and Thi Qar have occupied first rank with rates ( 23,8) ,( 21,3) in the population counting in 1987, then followed by Basra and Baghdad. The reasons lying behind raising the unemployment in Thi Qar and Maysan are because of seasonal unemployment in the agricultural activity.3. Salah Al - Din and Karbala have recorded less unemployment since they are considered as agrarian landsowing to the nature of agricultural sector based on the implantation of permanent corps.4. Differences in rates of unemployment between the urban and rural in the years based on in the research , where Maysan has recorded high ratio of unemployment and salah Al - Din recorded lower rates of unemployment.5. The southern governorates have recorded high rates of unemployment , in addition to Baghdad.6. We notice that the ratio of unemployed males get higher than the females throughout the governorates, where their ratio gets extreme degree in the population counting in 1987.7. The high rates of unemployment were within the two categories ( 15 - 19), ( 20 - 24) , then followed by the category 64.8. It has been explained that the unemployment is connected with the independent variables , along with its relation with the variables ( poverty, individual expenditure) , while the other variables have been described by its verse connection with the followed - up variable ( unemployment)

التباين المكاني لحالات الوفيات في قضاء خانقين للمدة (1987 - 2014) == The Spatial Variation Of The Deaths In Khanaqin For The Period (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014)

Author name: ميعاد نعمت احمد بهرام
Supervisor name: فاضل محسن يوسف الموسوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الوفيات من اهم المؤشرات التي تعكس الاوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في اي مجتمع كان ومدى صحة ووعي سكانه ورفاهيتهم وهو مكسب الدراسة واهميتها وان الهدف من البحث هو دراسة العامل المتناقص للنمو السكاني والمتمثل بالوفيات التي غالبا ما تتعرض بياناتها الى | statistical studies has been Expanded to include many fields and sectors, including the population sector, where the researchers have interested to study of the census and measurements related to the problems such as briths, deaths and migration of the population sector, because of its great importance in the field of planning and management. The research as a part of series of researchers that are interested on the side of the demographic characterization. The research tackled declining factor of the population growth which represented the deaths, which are often their data are subject to different types of errors, that are notably the lack of registration of the facts, especially in developing countries, so this research focuses on the spatial variation of the deaths in the district of Khanaqin during the period 1987 - 1997 - 2007 - - 2,014 which targeted the knowledge of trends and its temporal and spatial variations aspects of the level of the city based on a set of standards for deaths and identifying the typical and age variations of the deceased and the causes of death and their relationship to the surrounding environment. The study depends on the data recording of vital events in the death registration offices which belong to the administrative aspects of khanaqeen As well as it has been depending on the field study to fill what is missing from the data. The study has showed that the deaths value that have been collected during the study period (3880) and crude death rate for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) was (8.8 per thousand, 4.8 per thousand 0.6 per thousand, 4.6 per thousand), which in turn, did not score a chronologically organized trend where it is characterized the variation between high and low, as well as the number of deaths have been varied according to months of the year and the seasons as it is recorded the highest proportion of deaths in January and December, and it shows that winter and summer record the highest rate of deaths. The study also reveals that the superiority of the male deaths to female deaths for all years of study at a rate (64.1%, 56.9%, 65.6%, 53.6%) for males for years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) vs. (35, 9% 43.1%, 34.4%, 46.4%) of females for years above of the total deaths of the city And for the age pattern of deaths, the study also showed the relative importance of variation for age groups in terms of reality, including the value of the deaths, the study has shown that age group (15 - 44 ) has topped the other age groups at a rate (27.6%) of the total deaths, followed by category ( 65 years and over) by (21.6%) of the total of deaths Regarding the cause of deaths it has been shown by the study, that deaths due to diseases accounted for (7.63%) for the year 1987, and (7.49%) for the year 1997, and (50.7%) for the year 2007, (61.9% ) for the year 2014, and the circulatory system diseases and blood diseases topped the other types of diseases at a rate (22.6%, 27.7%, 24.1%, 28.7%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths diseases, followed by cancerous diseases at a rate (18.6%, 15%, 15.3%, 15.1%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths diseases. While deaths due to accidents accounted for the proportion (50.3%) for the year 1987, and (36.3%) for the year 1997 (49.3%) for the year 2007, (38.1%) for the year 2014 of the total deaths,whilethe deaths of gunshot incidents and other accidents rate topped the rate of (41.3%, 24.9%, 45.1%, 44.5%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths incidents. The study shows through statistical methods that used in data analysis that there is strong correlation and relationship of significance found between the dependent variable analysis (the number of deaths) and independent Almngiberat (cancer X1. Degenerative diseases X2. Communicable Diseases X3. Numbers of deaths by accidents and numbers of deaths by terrorism X5. Number of deaths naturally X6), and it is found through multiple regression that the independent variables application (cancer x1. degenerative diseases X2. diseases transitional X3. Deaths by accidents deaths by terrorism X5. number of deaths naturally X6) has a larger impact in influencing the approved variable (number of deaths) and (1%) only attributed to other factors, the model was unable to count. the study clarifies that the distribution of deaths, according to the administrative units has been marked by variations where the center of the city ranked first in the number of deaths for all years of the study, as the percentage recorded (40.5%, 49.5%, 38.1%, 37%) years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths amount. It has been shown by study that the geographical distribution of deaths due to the disease, according to the administrative units has been marked by variation , where it shows out the high percentage in the center of Khanaqeen all the years of study, with the percentage of registered (35.4%, 36.8%, 34.1%.33 0.1%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths due to the elimination of diseases, and the lowest geographical distribution of deaths due to the disease in hand by Mo amounted to (4.6%, 3.7%, 3.1% , 4.8%) for the years above of the total deaths due to the elimination of diseases, while the geographical distribution is characterized due to accidents where the variations also topped in the center to all other administrative units which record (45.3%, 45.1%, 38.4 %, 45.5%) for the years (1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2014) of the total deaths due to accidents this study revealed the impact of climate especially temperatures as the most influential factor in natural deaths average compared with other natural factors in addition to the impact of different human factors the level of living standards (household income) and the level of education, occupation and place of residence and the housing situation and the level of provided health services

امكانات التنمية الاقليمية في محافظة ميسان == The Potentialities For Regional Development In Missan Governorate

Author name: ميادة كاظم عبد قمبر
Supervisor name: عطا الله سليمان راهي الحديثي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يمثل حجم الامكانات الجغرافية المتاحة (الطبيعية والبشرية) وتوزيعها الجغرافي ضمن الحيز المكاني للاقليم مرتكزا اساسيا يمكن من خلاله الكشف عن واقع المؤهلات التنموية ومدى امكانية استثمارها في تحقيق التنمية المكانية للاقليم بشكل عام وللمناطق المتخلفة بشكل خاص. | The development represents the basic element that contributes in developing the economical and social frame of any territory , through the optimum utilizing of the developmental resources which are available within the geographical space as well as their active role in providing the good opportunities of work to the natives and increasing the rate. so this will put the unprogressive reality into economical progress. Therefore the development in Missan comes to reveal the developmental reality through highlighting its geographical and economical features and determining how the future image of the developmental reality will be , and to diagnose the obstacles which prevent from reaching this aim within the unprogressive economical regions in the governorate. Missan governorate has got many natural and economical potential such as : its borders with Iran which can be used in the commercial and economical exchanging between the two neighbors , and also its large area which are about (3,7%) of Iraq's total area and the fertile land which forms about (3,6%) of Iraq's total agricultural land. The governorate can be considered an importing center of production , due to its containing of several fields of oil and natural gas. It also has got a resource of raw materials which enter in the sugar , paper , oil plant and plastic industry, in addition to many industrial constructions like bricks and stones , there are also touristic elements which are represented by the marshes that qualify to be a tourists 'attraction and a resource of animal , fishy and agricultural wealth as well as possessing many archaeological sites and religious shrines, it possesses about (380) archaeological sites. The availability of human potentials in the governorate represents an important element in driving the elements of the place and its components to specific directions according to its available possibilities from one hand and revealing the means which fulfill the development of those possibilities on the other one. Therefore the study is entitled The potentialities for regional development in Missan governorate to show the most prominent possibilities and advantages which the governorate has through four chapters , Chapter one includes the natural resources in Missan and development possibilities, Chapter two deals with the human resources and development possibilities, Chapter three discuses the economical reality in Missan and development possibilities , Finally , chapter four highlights and san social reality and infrastructure in the governorate.

تحليل خرائط المؤشرات التخطيطية للخدمات الاجتماعية في مدينة المحمودية

Author name: منى محمد علاوي
Supervisor name: حسام صاحب حسون ال طعمة
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ترمي الرسالة الى دراسة تحليل خرائط الخدمات الاجتماعية في مدينة المحمودية والتعرف على التباين المكاني في الخدمات الاجتماعية (التعليمية والصحية والترفيهية ) فضلا عن معرفة امكانية تحليل الخدمات الاجتماعية في عكس واقع وكفاءة تلك الخدمات في منطقة الدراسة والكش

المديونية العربية واثارها : تحليل في الجغرافيا السياسية == Indebtedness Arabic And Ats Effect Analysis In Geographic Political

Author name: معــن حسين عبد الله
Supervisor name: اعياد عبد الرضا عبد ال
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد مشكلة الديون الخارجية من اهم القضايا التي واجهت الدول العربية في العقود الماضية، والتي تقف عائقا في طريق سعيها نحو تحقيق التنمية، كانت بداية ازمة المديونية للدول العربية في السبعينات من القرن العشرين الا انها لم تشكل خطورة على تلك الدول وكانت اسعار ال

اقليم كردستان في العراق : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Kurdistan Region In Iraq Study In Political Geography

Author name: مصطفة عبد الرسول احمد الخفاجي
Supervisor name: محمد محيي عيسى الهيمص
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Operating in Iraq's Kurdistan locations geographically very important is the land north and north - east of Iraq linking Hilltin of the Northern Highlands in the Middle East, namely the Anatolian Plateau, and the plateau of Iran, the plain sedimentary supervisor of the Arabian Gulf, and was such a site repercussions of major political affected Iraq's unity, worked interventions of neighboring countries, in addition to global interventions, in destabilizing the security and stability of Iraq, taking advantage of the tension and conflict between the central government, which rolled on the rule of Iraq and leaders of the armed factions, Kurdish, which is always what has seen bloodshed between the sons of the same country, and the beneficiary is the this is supported by the conflict, which lasted for many years, although for the Kurds in northern Iraq to self - rule in the March 11, 1974, includes the areas of their presence in the three governorates (Sulaimaniya, Erbil, Dohuk), but are free to Kurdish leaders on the annexation of Kirkuk and other areas, led a return to armed conflict, after the bombing of the city of Halabja Kurds, the decision of the checks on No. 688 of 1991 on international protection, then elected for a government that represents the area of the province, either after the fall of the regime, entered the Peshmerga forces to Kirkuk and other areas and different, but the American forces, and the stance of while taking decision agreed by all opponents of the former regime after the formation of the state. After the formation of the state won the Kurdish areas in the state, including the President of the Republic, however returned the issue of Kirkuk and other areas that claim to be historically Kurdish to the forefront and after placing the permanent constitution named these areas Disputed them , demanded the Kurds Article 140 received in the polarity of Kirkuk and to confirm the contents of Article 58 of the Law State Administration for the transitional period in order to accomplish their demands for a process of normalization, census and referendum in Kirkuk and other disputed areas, which are still pending until now. And when they are assured of the Kurdistan Regional Government to the province of Kirkuk, the separation or independence will announce the inevitable, because the main Kurdish endeavors that relate to their goals for future (independent Kurdistan) even under the arrangements and the names of federalism. As long as there are international relationships at the level of the United States, Israel and others. Their project and the systematic and programmed to divide the land of Iraq.

تحليل خرائط مؤشرات كثافة استعمال الارض في مدينة بغداد

Author name: مريم عبد الهادي اكوش
Supervisor name: حسام صاحب حسون ال طعمة
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى اعداد وتحليل خرائط لاستعمالات الارض الحضرية والكثافات السكانية والحضرية والسكنية في مدينة بغداد على كافة المستويات الحضرية ابتداء من اكبر مستوى هو البلدية ثم الحي السكني والى اصغر وحدة ادارية والتي تتمثل بالمحلة السكنية لعامي 2009 - 2015 | r urban grounding, and population, urban and housing densitie urban levels including the largest component of municipality and the smallest component of neighborhood during 2009 - 2015 through spotting lights on the way of distributing population density and the main reasons behind such distribution. The study has identified the different patterns of housing, industrial, general services, open and green lands, farming, governmental, transportation, and the like uses. It also explicates the way of distribution of these densities in the various administrable units of the area under investigation through setting up and analyzing a set of maps. This study has three chapters ; chapter one deals with describing the uses of maps for land density at the municipality level , chapter two deals with setting up ground density grouping maps for the various neighborhoods of the present study, while chapter three deals with analyzing the ground density grouping maps for the smallest administrable units. The researcher has used the descriptive methodology and digit - quantification map analysis methodology. That is, it has been used maps and satellite images of Baghdad city, and setting up a set of maps for the area under investigation via the data provided by the governmental official institutions. The study has 61 maps and 41 tables. The study has come up with a number of concluding findings. It has been emphasized the significance of digital maps in magnifying the density image for the smallest housing area or so - called neighborhood. The following neighborhoods (303, 311, 109, 111, 113, 117, 119, 125, 127, 129, 131, 520, 522, 526, 528, 532, 534, 540, 542, ' 544, 54, 548, 550, 522, 554, 560, 560, 562, 527, 529, 531, 544, 546, 550, 552, 554, 556, 558, 560, 562, 627, 529, 531, 533, 539, 541, 543, 547, 549, 551, 553, 559, 561 ', 563, 563, 565, 567, 569, 513, 517, 519, 521, 555, 557, 571, 571, 573, 575, 752, 754, 758, 701, 713, 715, 719, 715, 721, 732, 737, 751, 753, 771, 773, 789,913,950,813,673,421,454,458,460,462,472, 416, 418, 418, 426, 462,430) have high urban density of 500 person per a hectarein 2015. Also, the administrable units have accessed the permissible population limit, and a number of solutions have been put forward

النظام الهيدرولوجي لنهر دجلة في مدينة بغداد واثره في بعض الخصائص الجيومورفولوجية

Author name: مروه عبد السلام محمد
Supervisor name: اسحق صالح العكام
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study examined temporal changes of the Tigris River in the city of Baghdad included hydrological characteristics of the river section length (48 km) extending from the bridge Muthanna, north of Baghdad to the beginning of the confluence of the Tigris River south of Baghdad, Diyala River. Emphasis was placed on the system study hydrology of the river discharge and the level of water and the factors affecting the variability annually and quarterly on a daily basis, it is found that the water discharge of the river rate may disagree a big difference from what it was since the beginning of 1931 until the year 1998 and declined after the water drainage is very large since 1999 2014 has all the features of this period is the dry years, accompanied by a decrease in the water level reached 28 m after it was recorded 29 and 30 m during the previous years. As a result of the low water discharge in the lack of speed of the water current of the Tigris River where it reached the highest rate of speed when Muthanna 1.699 m / s bridge while I found in the south of Baghdad and arrived at the site 1.258 m / s. All of these factors have helped to increase the tonnage of river rates of the weakness of the river energy to transport and disposal, where the annual rate amounted to load outstanding for the year 2013 (29131200 / ton) and the rate of the bottom load for the same year reached (5826240 / ton), and accompanied by a high in concentrations of dissolved load of the river in 2012 and caused back to the Tigris river water pollution. As a result of the high river cargo rates have effect on river islands properties in the stream that have been changed over the years (1985, 2000,2013) in dimensions and forms an area because of the change Algiomorvolgah operations characteristics of the term to the other, and noticed that most of the islands increased area to reach the highest area in in 2013 and some of them turned into a permanent Islands because of the activity and overcome the deposition process of erosion, but did not arrive in the concentration reaches to the point of bifurcation. The results of the study, said the Tigris River in the city of Baghdad with a small decline (almost straight) reached 25 cm per 1 km and has a hydraulic characteristics of semi - regular in the rectum, but thebiggest difference in the other parts, and found to compare cross - sections of the Tigris River for the year 1991 with clips of 2008 The river has seen a significant change in cross - section transverse to become more flatness and few in the presentation of its course with a shallower depth of change in the pattern of erosion and sedimentation in twists river, increasing the sediment that has worked to increase the friction of the clips coefficient reaching friction for the year 2008 the rate is (17.49m), obstruction of traffic flow when the friction rate (2.68m) in the year 1991, all these entry points geomorphological aspects of the Tigris River advanced aging.

المقومات الجغرافية المؤثرة في قوة ايران الاقليمية : دراسة جيوبولتيكية == Geographical Variables And Their Effect On The Iran Regional Power Geopolitical Study

Author name: محمد عامر رسن اللامي
Supervisor name: شيماء محمد جواد الجبوري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الاهمية الاستراتيجية لاي موقع تترك اثرا مميزا في تاريخه السياسي وتطوره الاقتصادي كما في تعقيد مشكلاته ومصيره، فان هذه الاهمية من ناحية الجغرافية السياسية هي الاخرى متغيرة وغير ثابتة لانها مرتبطة بوضع الدولة اولا، وبتغير الاقاليم الجيوبولتيكية المحيطة ب | The strategic importance of any location has a " distinguished " effect on its political history , economic development in addition to the complication of its problems and its fate. Geopolitically speaking this importance is changeable and unstable because it is linked to the position of the state and to the change of the surrounding geopolitical regions and also to the change of the world balance of power. Iran is a big state in the region and possesses the basic element to play a big and distinguished regional role. Because of it strategic location , economic and natural resources area , population and military power , it cannot be undervalued and its interests cannot be ignored in any regional political , economic , security or strategic project because Iran can hinder any project with which it doesn't feel secure with regard to its interests and stability of its regime. The study is composed of three chapters. The first chapter deals with the geostrategic elements and their effect on the power of the state of Iran i.e , the natural and geographical elements of the stat of Iran including the location and the area in addition to the climate and the relief. This chapter also studies the elements of Iran's human geography with regard to its demographical ( age and quality ) structure , the size of the population and their development , the density of the population and their geographical distribution in addition to the ethno graphic structure ( ethnicity , language , religion )of the state of Iran. The chapter also studies Iran's economic elements with regard to the agriculture , industry and service sectors Added to that , it studies the Iranian military powers including the traditional powers represented by the Iranian army , the revolutionary guards and the mobilization forces , and the nontraditional powers such as the chemical and biological powers in addition to the nuclear powers ( Iran nuclear programmer The second of the regional powers balances. It studies the aspect of powers and the geographical analysis with respect to the aspect of power , the definition of power in addition to studying the equations of measuring the power of the state. This chapter encompasses the regional dimension of Iranian relations with the geographically neighboring countries through the Iranian relations with ( Iraq , Afghanistan , Pakistan , Arab states overlooking the Gulf , Turkmenistan , Azerbaijan , Armenia and Turkey ). The third chapter deals with the future scenarios for the transformation of Iran into regional super through the escalation of the Iranian regional role through Iran as a nuclear power and Genera nuclear treaty in addition to the possibility of the American - Iranian cooperation. The chapter also includes the retreat of the Iranian regional role through the economic sanctions and their impact on the states of Iran and the internal environment in Iran as well as the probability in the Israeli American military attack. The chapter ends with the continuation of the states quo scenario of Iran throughout the supportive opportunities and the curbs obstructing the continuation of the status quo. Throughout studying there three chapters , it has become clear that Iran possesses most of the physical power elements ( natural , Human , economic , military ) and that state of Iran refers to the fact that Iran has the ability to impact the behavior of other politicians through insisting on holding , firm on its national options and independence of its decision and position towards the regional and global issues.

التنوع الاثني في جمهورية افريقيا الوسطى : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == He Role Of The Ethnic Groups In Central African Republic A Study In Political Science

Author name: محاسن جلوب وسمي
Supervisor name: عطا الله سليمان راهي الحديثي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف الدراسة الى تحليل اثر التنوع الاثني لجمهورية افريقيا الوسطى ودوره في البنية السياسية عبر دراسة المعطيات التاريخية والمقومات الطبيعية والبشرية التي ادت الى ظهور ذلك التنوع ومن ثم بيان اثر هذا التنوع على امن واستقرار الدولة.طرحت الدراسة مشكلة التنوع ا | The study aims at analyzing the effect of the ethnic diversity in the Central African Republic and its role in the political structure through the study of the historical data, natural and human resources, which led to the appearance of that diversity. The study then shows the impact of this diversity on the security and stability of the state.The study discusses the problem of the ethnic diversity in Central African Republic and the impact of this problem on the ethnic extension in the neighboring countries. It also provides a clarification for the impact of the ethnic conflict on the political , economic, and social aspects of the state, especially with the different point of view of the modern African state for this multi ethic reality, whether accepting and approving this reality as legitimate, or in terms of rejecting it and refusing to acknowledging as a structural reality, which distinguishes the society, or the state attempt to jump over this fact and replace it with its central perspective. Geographical data led to both positive and negative an influential role in the multi - ethnic. Due to the location of the Central African Republic which is hermit in the heart of Africa, a continent away from the water canals caused different geographical difficulties in trade and contacts with outside world, also, the lack of a population which consists of three ethnicities who are Negroes Sudanese, Bantu and Dwarfs, which not commensurate with the size and wealth of the republic.The Republic of Central African is characterized by a huge cultural and ethnic diversity led to increase in languages and accent number , multiplicity of religions, Customs and traditions differences. This ethnic diversity Sort ethnic conflicts between the population as a results to the pluralistic nature of the society, economic and political factors and the role of international forces and regional powers in applied of such conflicts in favor of the colonial interests. Civil wars produced many negative results such as collapse of the state and undermined and the phenomenon of coups and political violence and sectarian phenomenon of refugees and the recruitment of children in armed conflict.The study also contained an explanatory maps and also a set of tables and charts, the study used the multiple and diverse sources in order to reach satisfactory results gain Acceptance of people with science and knowledge

التحليل المكاني للانفاق العسكري لدول الشرق الاوسط للمدة (1988 - 2015) == Spatial Analysis Of Middle Eastern Countries' Military Expenditure (1988 - 2015)

Author name: كرار احمد عطية نعمة
Supervisor name: بشار محمد عويد القيسي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: جاءت الدراسة الموسومة بـ ( التحليل المكاني للانفاق العسكري لدول الشرق الاوسط) لمعرفة ما هو الانفاق العسكري وما اثر تلك النفقات على منطقة الشرق الاوسط بصورة عامة ودوله بصورة خاصة وطبيعة التباين في النفقات العسكرية بين تلك الدول واسباب هذا التباين خصوصا بعد | The study, entitled (Spatial Analysis of Middle Eastern Countries' Military Expenditure), is an attempt to find out what is meant by military expenditure, its effect on the Middle East, in general, and particularly the countries in this area, the nature of the differences in military expenditure among these countries and reasons behind these differences. This expenditure lately witnessed a remarkable increase; however most of these countries are developing and suffering from several economic and developmental problems. In this study, the researcher discusses the concepts of military expenditure and Middle East. The most prominent concepts, differences among these concepts and reasons behind differences among researchers concerning these concepts, were discussed. Besides, most the prominent geographical characteristics of the Middle East which serve the subject, concerning position, area and strategic importance of the area were tackled. The study also mentions world military expenditure by billions of dollars out of the gross domestic product, the most world countries spending on military sectors, among which were many countries from the Middle East. The researcher also discusses military expenditure for each continent and differences in such expenditure among continents. After that, military expenditure in the Middle East, in general, in million dollars, gross domestic product of each country were discussed to show the nature and extent of military expenditure of world, Middle East and each country separately. Then, the extent of military expenditure of each country in the Middle East, nature of differences and most profitable countries and companies from this expenditure were discussed. The researcher tried to mention the most prominent reasons behind such a difference in military expenditure and reasons led countries of the Middle East to resort to such a high level military expenditure. Then he tried to study the most important effects of such military expenditure (positive and negative effects), as well as clarify the future of military expenditure in the Middle East.

الاهمية الجيوبولتيكية لشبه جزيرة القرم في الامن القومي الروسي == The Geopolitical Importance Of The Peninsula Of Crimea To The Russian National Security

Author name: فيحاء كامل عباس الفتلاوي
Supervisor name: عطا الله سليمان راهي الحديثي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The Russian strategy has long concentrated on the issue of the national security, particularly post to the new changes of the dissociation of the Soviet Union in 1991, the end of the cold war, and the recession of the Russian existence from the warm waters of the Back Sea. Furthermore, Russia withdrew as the capital for the benefit of Moscow, which is closer to the borders with countries nearer to the European countries, which emerged after the Soviet Union dissolution. Many of those countries became part of the NATO and European Union, when Ukraine became the separating country between Russia and allies of NATO, near Europe, as well as the USA which all did their best to attract Ukraine to its international space. All these new changes established the new beginning of a new phase in the Russian strategies, that worked seriously to prevent Ukraine from joining the NATO. The process of the Russian political decision making repressed then by reshaping the Russian strategic goals, and regaining its role as a former superpower,reestablishing its international status in a multipolar world to be one of them.In order to reach objective results, the current study the Russian elements of power and its geopolitical importance and the extant of its influence on its internal and external policy. The study shows that what Russia enjoys of its location grants it a geopolitical importance, clarified through the geopolitical theories that stressed such a fortified location. In addition to the strategic depth that provided it with the ability to reinforced defense. The study also projected the manpower that distinguish Russia despite its suffering from the demographic challenge represented by the decline of population during the last decade of the twentieth century and first decade of the millennium. Despite of the later fact, Russia remained superior to its Asian and European neighboring countries in population except for China. Furthermore, the study points out the Russian economic power, represented by owning the power reserve such as oil and gas, as well as the distinguished pipeline net that extends to the European continent. That is in addition to a powerful and developed military industry, particularly those of military airplanes.The study sheds light on the Russian policy in Eastern Europe and its significance of this area in the geological theories, such as those of Mackinder, Speakman, Safarski, and then Bringenski. These focused on following the strategies before, during, and after the cold war, particularly within this area were these strategies developed with emerge of the new millennium, returning to the international role of Russia that it almost lost post the Soviet Union in 1991.The importance of the Peninsula of Crimea lies in the fact that it represents the main focus of this study due to its geopolitical significance in relation to Russia; since the issue of Crimea became one of most important issues for more than two decades. It was included within Ukraine after 1991, yet after Russia realized its mistake by the haste decision of boarder’s determination between Russia and the neighboring countries of the former Soviet Union, like Ukraine and particularly Crimea due to its important strategic location with the existence of the Russian fleet. The study also points out the significance of the location of Ukraine in relation to Russia as a separating country that can be a soft edge through which NATO, European Union and the USA can penetratetoward vital Russian military political and economic spaces. The study also puts forward a number of scenarios for the future of the area and the role of the Russian policy in it.

قضاء طوز خورماتو : دراسة في الجغرافية الاقليمية == District Of Tuz Khurmatu District Study In Regional Geography

Author name: عذراء طارق خورشيد البياتي
Supervisor name: فخري خلف عبد الله البياتي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى دراسة قضاء طوز خورماتو من خلال دراسة الخصائص الجغرافية الطبيعية والخصائص السكانية، بهدف ابراز شخصيته الجغرافية، والتعرف على امكانات الاقليم الطبيعية والبشرية، لغرض دعم وتوجه جهود التخطيط والتنمية في الاقليم. فضلا عن دراسة الانشطة الا | This study aims to examine the Tuz Khurmatu through the study of the natural geographical characteristics and demographic characteristics, in order to highlight the geographical character, and to identify the potential of the region of natural and human, for the purpose of supporting and directed the planning and development efforts in the region. As well as the study of the economic activities. Tooz District enjoys an important strategic location, as it is located in the northeastern part of Iraq, and the region is a link between the northern and southern Iraq, linked administratively Salahuddin province occupies a site oriental ones, and Koreans from the capital, Baghdad. Bounded on the north province of Kirkuk, on the east by the province of Sulaymaniyah, Diyala province to the south, and west eliminate the administrative role of the province of Salahuddin. The occurrence between the Territory and semi - mountainous region spate easy to have made him a bridge, road President (Baghdad - Kirkuk) passes the status of the judiciary, and is the first hub to connect the northern and north - eastern provincial capital of Baghdad. Because it takes place within the semi undulating areas where the ground has varied manifestations, and the decline of the surface from the east towards the west, and the north - east to south - west, has approved the distribution of human settlements served with this decline, it is concentrated in the central parts of the judiciary. The climate is classified within the semi - arid climate, which is characterized by short - duration rainfall precipitation with separate short mild winters, and the separation of the long dry summer. Water sources and it is mainly rain and ranging (200 - 300) mm per year ", and surface water of the River Tuz Jay, as well as" on the project Allarroaii Rey Kirkuk, and groundwater, which are of great importance in the study area. The study examined the evolution of the number of population and population growth during the period (1977 - 2012), shows that the judiciary is at high growth rate (3%), the study examined the general productivity of the population density, the first recorded a rise streak during the period (1997 - 2012) as a result of the increase in population with the stability of the judiciary area. While the second fell, reaching (0.28 persons / acre), because of the breadth of the arable land area, which indicates that the population of Aachklon pressure on agricultural land, and can accommodate future population growth. The Tooz District of agricultural area with large areas, amounting to arable land area (622 713 acres), and accounted for (67.2%) of the total size of (926 400 acres). It is clear from the relative importance of industrial activity The construction industry accounted for first place, and extractive industries ranked second, is the territory of the study area is an important reservoir of raw materials (gravel, sand, limestone, oil, gypsum, salt), which have a significant impact on the many Mining and construction industries in the region. The study came out a range of outcomes, including : - Tooz District has a variety of developmental potential is an important spatial development of an anchor, particularly natural and economic resources of mineral wealth and arable land, and that could pose an anchor developmentally whatever can contribute in promoting development in the region levels, but the investment that potential level is still below the required level

التباين المكاني للوفيات المسجلة في محافظة واسط == The Spatial Variation For Recorded Deaths In The Province Of Wasit

Author name: صباح وهب عبد الله العتابي
Supervisor name: صلاح محسن جاسم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تتضح اهمية دراسة الوفيات من كونها عنصرا مهما من عناصر النمو السكاني، فضلا عن كونها عاملا مؤثرا في تركيب السكان. وتتجلى اهمية هذه الدراسة من انها تبين حقائق عن المتوفين من حيث حجم الوفيات ومعدلاتها وخصائص المتوفين واسباب الوفاة، فضلا عن التوزيع الزماني وال | The importance of studying deaths is indicated as one of the important factors of population growth. Moreover, it is an influential factor in the structure of population. The importance of this study is notable as it identifies the truths of deaths with regard to the size of deaths, rates, characteristics, reasons of death, timeframe, and place within the study site. This research aims at studying the spatial variation of recorded deaths within the administrative boarders of the Province of Wasit. The data were collected from the deaths records at the Health Office and its centers in the Province of Wasit , the population statistics for the years of 1987 - 1997, and the population estimations for the year of 2012. This study consists of four chapters. The first chapter consists of two parts, where the first part discusses the population growth and the rate of population growth, as it changes from year to year, in the Province of Wasit. The second part focuses on studying the structure of population with regard to gender and age. Chapter two discusses the deaths numbers (raw deaths rate, quality deaths rate, age deaths rate, infants’ deaths rate, and mothers’ deaths). It shows that the raw deaths rate decreased in the study site within Iraq. The study also shows that the men deaths rate is higher than the women deaths rate between the years (1987 - 2012). The age deaths of 65 years were higher than the other ages. The ages of (10 - 14) years were the lower. It also shows that the infants’ death rate decreased in the districts centers and increased in the suburbs. It also shows that mothers’ deaths decreased. Chapter three illustrates the main reasons of deaths and it consists of two parts. Part one discusses the “deaths because of diseases” where it shows the reasons of death changes from the contiguous and epidemic diseases to the modern diseases such as cancer, blood and circulation system diseases. Part two discusses the “deaths because of accidents” where cars and shooting increased significantly. The accidents differ based on the types and the seasons of the year. Chapter four focuses on several factors such as natural, human, self, and behavioral that have an effect on the increasing rate of deaths in the study site. This study depended on some statistical techniques to find the relation between the natural and human factors and the raw deaths rate. It also studied the suicide phenomenon in the study site and its role in increasing the deaths rate as one of the self and behavioral factors.

تاثيـر العشوائيات في الوظيـفة السكنيـة لوحدة بلدية بغداد الجديدة == Affect The Slums Of Residential Function Unit Municipal Of New Baghdad

Author name: شيماء رزاق فاضل عبد الله
Supervisor name: رفل ابراهيم طالب
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد العشوائيات موضوعا خصبا لكثير من الدراسات ومنها الدراسات الجغرافية، لكونها تمثل احد اهم المشاكل التي تواجه المدن في الوقت الحاضر وتؤثر سلبا في وظائفها المختلفة، من هنا جاءت هذه الدراسة في جغرافية المدن لتسلط الضوء على تاثير العشوائيات في الوظيفة السكني | Slums are a fertile subject for many studies, geographical studies, because they represent one of the most important problems facing the city at the present time and adversely affect its various functions, From here came this study in Urban Geography to shed light on the effect of the slums in the job of residential unit for the new mayor of Baghdad , where the focus phenomenon and one of the most mind municipalities contain the city of Baghdad slums, This is in four chapters addressing the first chapter of the foundation geographic characteristics of natural and anthropogenic and its role in directing the study area about population growth and urbanization, which resulting in many problems most notably problem of the study was one of the most important problems of housing ,Which necessitated the second chapter in the study of installation use of residential and stand on the most important characteristics and problems and the extent of its ability to absorb the phenomenon of slums, Which is revealed through the study in the third chapter for the clarity of its features and capacity of the space that it occupies in excess of the original area of the housing planned , And what constitutes a third of the population , households and residential units in the study area , adding to the burden of job of residential experiencing deficiencies in many aspects , came fourth chapter connects the second chapter third and Laud over the impact that the slums in use of residential , which reflected negatively on the performance of the function of residential of the study area , Accredited to clarify that a set of tables and statistical technology, maps graphic formats to highlight the phenomenon and clarify larger , and finally exited the study a set of conclusions and recommendations have appropriate a contribution in containing and remedy the problem or minimize the effects of current and future

التحليل المكاني لصناعة المشروبات الغازية في محافظة بغداد == The Spatial Analysis Of Carbonized Drink Industry In Baghdad Governorate

Author name: شيماء حسين صالح العبيدي
Supervisor name: عمران بندر مراد الربيعي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد صناعة المشروبات الغازية فرعا من فروع الصناعات الغذائية المهمة الواسعة الانتشار محليا وعالميا، ولها تقنيات محددة ومتطورة، وبالنظر الى اتساع اسواقها وكونها تستهلك من قبل طبقات المجتمع كافة، ومن مختلف الفئات العمرية ؛ فانها شهدت اهتماما كبيرا لز | The industry of carbonized drink is an offshoot of the food industry which is widespread locally and internationally. For the expansion of their market and as they are consumed by the whole class of society of various age portions, they got the great attention for the increase of the production and quality improvement. They got the attention of the governments, companies and scientific centers of research, and penetrate the world trade markets in spite of the features the limit their validity like the size and the economic feasibility for long distance transportation. The study reveals the problem which is posed as following : has the industry of carbonized drink in Baghdad achieved success since its establishment until the present time in the industrial and economic fields? What are the geographic factors (natural or human) affecting the points of the settlement of the spatial destruction? The hypothesis of the study which is based on the carbonized drink industry is one of the industries that achieve clear success in quantity of production. In addition to the effect of the natural factors represented in the availability of water resources, which is the basic raw material of the production of carbonized drink, as well as the availability of human sources which is responsible for achieving the internal and external surplus. The study is concerned with the carbonized drink industry in the Baghdad for the year 2013 which is he base year on which the data collecting and field study depended. Therefore, it was clear that the number of carbonized drink plant is 8 in the area of study employing 1536 workers. The study came to a number of findings the most important of which is that it began in the year 1950. Also, the study concludes that the governorate possesses the natural elements (lad, climate, water sources) and human and economic elements (capital, raw materials, working hands, fuel and energy, transportation and market). These spatial factors varied in their efficiency in effecting the settlement and distribution of carbonized drink temporally and spatially. The factor of demand has the clearest influence in the production of carbonized drink and the fluctuating nature of producing in summer and winter season as it increase in the former season and decrease in the latter. There are plants whose production lines are worn - out and poorly maintained. The production cost is considered as high in Iraq in general and the governorate in particular causing poor competitiveness with the imported production and the limitation of the profit margin that prevents the owners of the carbonized drink plants from developing and updating the production lines and keeping up with the advanced technology. It has become clear through the quantitative analysis that the area of study possesses big amounts of capitals that are capable of funding the carbonized drink industry in addition to the availability of raw materials in a big extent. That encouraged these industries in the area of study that it affected the emergence of numerous problems like the raw materials, fuel, working hands and market. In addition to the environmental and health effects which led to the contamination of the regions near the carbonized drink plants in air, water and soil.

دراسة الرياح الشمالية والشمالية الشرقية واثرها في بعض عناصر وظواهر مناخ العراق

Author name: شذى حميد احمد
Supervisor name: بدر جدوع احمد المعموري
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The current research aims to study(A study of the North and North eastern Winds and its Impact on some of the Elements and phenomena of Iraq Climate ) and to achieve this objective study adopted the descriptive approach and climatic conditions existing in the study area and their impact statement in determining the surface wind direction towards the north and north - east; Also follow the analytical approach by analyzing charts liturgical Al saatah to see a repeat depressions and elevations flanking the northern and north - eastern wind and see which ones cause the wind gusts, As well as follow a quantitative approach in dealing with climate data on the subject of research for the period ((from 1990 to2013.It was clear through the current study, there are several factors that Affect wind in the north and north - eastern, including direction of fixed factors, including the variable factors that affect recurrence in contrast spatially and temporally to the study area.The study showed that there are several systems caused the recurrence of Northern winds and north - eastern and the most important is the low Indian as cause blowing this wind by a large margin for being more repetition and the dominance of the study area in the summer, followed by the Siberian high in importance because it comes from the North - east and the north side East and cause the wind blowing this then Sudanese low, oualemrtf EU and semi - tropical and finally low - Mediterranean.The statistical analysis of time series data itself, show that there is a relationship between (0.874 - 0.03)direct correlation between the frequency and North wind temperaturesaccompanying her while a relationship between moral occurrences of North East wind and temperatures accompanying them did not appear. And it found that there is a relationship between moral northern winds recurrence rates and the relative humidity while the moral relationship between occurrences of northeast winds and relative humidity levels did not show , also found that there is a direct correlation between the occurrences of the north wind and dust spiraling ranged between (0.886 - 0.512) and the relationship is found between occurrences of wind north - eastern and dust spiraling The relationship between the occurrences of the north wind and dust stuck relationship moral ranged between (0.893 - 0.652), and no significant relationship between the occurrences of the north - eastern wind and dust stuck in most of the stations.Which indicates that at higher temperatures in summer increase with the north wind frequency and vice versa when they fall, either north wind East they increasingly Tkaradtha at lower temperatures and less at the height of that relationship is a moral emerged, while the relative humidity is not affected when you increase or decrease the occurrences North and north - eastern wind on the study area.As for the dust we note that it increases the rising cases of dust and stuck with a north wind that any recurrence of increased North wind recurrence increases ,with dust situations, and vice versa for the north - east wind , with increasing northeast winds repeat at least repeat dust cases

التوزيع المكاني للنشاط الزلزالي في محافظتي واسط وميسان

Author name: سهاد حسين غشيم الشمري
Supervisor name: زينب وناس خضير الحسناوي | سعد عجيل مبارك
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان الهدف الاساسي من اعداد هذه الدراسة هو تحديد التوزيع المكاني للهزات الارضية في منطقتي (واسط وميسان) والواقعة بين خطي طول (45,35 - 47,57) ودائرتي عرض (31,12 - 33,30) وللفترة (1980 - 2013م), ورسم خرائط للمناطق التي يتركز فيها النشاط الزلزالي من اجل رمفد المسؤو | The main objective of the preparation of this study is to determine the spatial distribution of the earthquakes in the regions of ( wasit and masyan) which are located between longitudes (45.35 - 47.57) and latitudes (31.12 - 33.30) for the period - 1980 to 2013 and the map of areas in which is evident the seismic activity in order to provide accurate planning with seismic information for the study area to take the necessary measures when developing special designs for any engineering establishment.The seismic historical data were analyzed for the period from (839 - 1979) which have collected from various sources where it is noticed that western Iran area and Wasit goverorate recorded the highest seismic movement on a scale Mrkala reaching 7 - 8 degrees in the years( 839 - 849 - 872 - 880 - 956 - 957 - 1052 - 1063 ) additionally most of the historical earthquakes are of seismic surface foci - 27 - 33 km and it highly effective.The seismic modern data were analyzed for the period of 1980 - 2013 they were divided into two periods the first is from ( 1980 to 2004) and the second from (2005 to 2013) they have been recorded 824 different magnitudes earthquake on Richter scale, (69) earthquakes for the first period and 695 earthquakes for the second period. It sample survey method is used in order to collect the required information by witnesses form of and (350) forms distributed over the study area (240) forms were wasit and (110) forms for masyan area in order to compare the feeling of people in those areas on Markali scale with (semis amount) on the Richter scale to earthquake occurred in 22 /11/2 013 and the result was the feeling of Ali Al - Garbi people was 77 degrees on a scale Markali and it equal - 5,5 - 6,1 - degree on Richter scale.Badrah district , came after it where their sense of 6 degree on Markali scale and equivalent to 4,9 - 5,4 on Richter scale the less area feeling with earthquake is the center of Kut district whose feeling is( 3) degrees on a scale Markali which is equivalent to 4,2 degrees on Richter scale followed by center amarah district whose feeling was (2) degrees on a scale of Markali which is equivalent to 3,5 degrees on Richter scale.The study arrived to map the seismic division of the study area, which describes the areas more vulnerable to earthquake west of Iran, which is the borderline between Iraq and Iran area Badrha - Ali Gharbi area. - In order to predict future seismic hazard was applied equation (Seismic prediction equation was) for the period from 2014 - 2030 and the result was the continuation of seismic activity in the region where an earthquake will reach 1622,187. The study came up with some recommendations to take the necessary measures in the future.

هيدروجيومورفولوجية نواظم الضبط الجنوبية لنهر الفرات في محافظة ذي قار == Hedrogeomorphology Head Regulators South Seizure Of The Euphrates River In The Province Of Dhi Qar

Author name: سناء عبد شهد التميمي
Supervisor name: سعدية عاكول منخي الصالحي | حسين لعيبي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Literature
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة مجرى نهر الفرات وتفرعاته والذي يمتد من ناحية الفضلية التابعة لقضاء سوق الشيوخ في محافظة ذي قار حيث تمثل نقطة دخول نهر الفرات في منطقة الدراسة، وتفرعه في هذه الناحية الى فرع (غليوين) والمقام عليه اول ناظم من نواظم الضبط الجنوبية وصولا الى م | The study examined the course of the Euphrates River and its branches, which extends from the hand of the Suq - Shuyukh in Dhi Qar province, where represents the entry of the Euphrates point Fudaliyah, and Tafrah in this area to a branch (Glujn) and place it first Rhyming of South head regulators tuning down to the mouth of the rest of the forest Euphrates River erected thereon Rhyming (Glujn, good vine, Aekakh, Digger, brown happy, or Palm) in Hammar marsh and along the river (43 km). Study of the hydrological system and the resulting forms of geomorphology and pictures invested in Hedrogeomorphology study. The researcher relied on field study scientific and historical sources and interpretation of satellite images and topographic maps.The study area is part of the alluvial plain land which is characterized by Banbsat out of the northwest slope towards the south - east, which Kan determine the general direction of the river bed a height of approximately (5 m) above sea level.The geology of the region dating back to the Pleistocene and Holocene era and covers the surface sediments of time is a modern four - wheel depositions disjointed divided into floodplain deposits, which mostly due to the activity of the Euphrates and tables branching ment in historical stages, depressions and deposits, and deposits of the marshes.The region is subject climatically to the dry desert climate depending on climatic data obtained from Nasiriyah station and Samawa, so the recipe drought to the region reflected its effects on the lack of rain in winter and high temperatures in summer, leading to variation and fluctuation in the discharge hydrological Euphrates River monthly and quarterly and annually and is affected by the quantities the disposal absolute headwaters of major river, affecting the composition of formats ground inside and outside of the river and its branches, as well as the lack of vegetation density, making the region is characterized by climatic water balance is negative, according to my way of Thornthwait and Khrovh. Based on these characteristics and how they interact with each identified forms the floor of the area and of Mounattvat and twists of river and islands river, which is that of the geomorphological aspects of excellence in forest river, as was the shoulder for (54) a turn and twisting in the main stream and the forest, and through maps and visualizations were taken clips longitudinal study area and Tzmt to three longitudinal sections where the river turned out to be going through a period where he excelled longitudinal aging sector of the river slightly Ptqar (semi - regular) to the small vertical distance of the sector for the longitudinal horizontal distance.As it has been cleared cross sections where it was found through a survey (10) sections of the river that the form of these sections take the form of the letter (U) which is a reference to the stage of aging is going through because of the duck runoff resulting from a lack of steep and deep (0.75 cm / km).As it turned out that there is a clear interaction between geomorphological fluvial processes and human activity as the changing course of the river through the stages may cause migration of many towns and villages that were built on its extension and turned into a new stream taken, which is reflected in the settlement pattern, as it would like linear pattern along the course of the Euphrates River in the regionAs it turns out that the river water is investing in several areas of agricultural investment in the forefront, and human use in the field of drinking comes lags filtered by the filter plants (RO) for use in the field of drinking and washing and then use the water to drink animals that grew up in the area and agriculture is dependent class basis on the style of irrigation through an intermediary only at the present time due to the low river water levels, through various pumps horsepower and powers on both sides of the river.

التحليل الجغرافي للهجرة الداخلية في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية == Geographical Analysis Of Internal Migration In The United States Of America

Author name: سحر علي صادق
Supervisor name: صلاح محسن جاسم
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The study was based on geographical analysis of internal migration in the united states depending on the type of movement, whether between state or within the same state. The study was based on the way the place of residence when studying internal migration and addressed the period (1995 - 2000) based on data and research by the United States census bureau population census of 2000.Chapter One : the theoretical framework and the geographic definition of the study area will include two sections the first theoretical framework and the second geographic definition of the study area.Chapter two volume of internal migration and trends for the period of (1995 - 2000). The chapter will examine the size of internal migration and internal migration within the US itself as well as internal migrationbetween the US and the direction of internal migration. Chapter three : The characteristics of the immigrant population and will include a chapter on the study of the characteristics of immigrants in terms of (gender composition, age structure, composition and ethnic composition marital and educational) Chapter four : variables affecting variation in the size of internal migration. The chapter will study the economic variables (the working population, unemployment, income level) and social variables (housing conditions, poverty, marital status, education, and health insurance) as well as demographic variables (size of the population and the white race) and natural variables (size and degree rate the heat).Chapter five : Effects of internal migration and will study the effects of demographic (population size and growth rate of change, gender composition, age structure) and the economic effects, which is studying the dependency ratio in addition to the study of the social effects of internal migration, such as the crime rate

نمو سكان العراق وعلاقته بتباينهم المكاني للمدة (1957 - 2007) == Iraq Population Growth And Their Relation With Spatial Variation 1957 - 2007

Author name: زينب محمد امين
Supervisor name: فلاح جمال معروف العزاوي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تصاعد اهتمام الباحثين والمسؤولين على السواء بالاثار المترتبة للنمو السكاني وما يتعلق بتلك الاثار، وعلاقة ذلك بالظواهر السكانية الاخرى ومنها التوزيع السكاني المكاني، وباتت الحقائق المتعلقة بالعلاقة القائمة بين نمو السكان وتوزيعهم المكاني من اكثر الحقائق اه | Both, reserarchers and people in charge interest in consequential results of population growth, is arising, with regard to those effects, and its relationship with other demographic phenomena, including the spatial distribution of population, whereas the facts concerning the relationship between population growth and spatial distribution became the most important facts if there is a sufficient demographic information, has become an urgent necessity needed by researcher in the population geography, because those facts have no value in thierselves only, but is an essential element of interference in the formation of most aspects of the population. So population Studies have become of paramount importance at the present time, where captured the attention of senior researchers in the field of economic and social studies, and other, this importance have doubled when countries in the world began, including Iraq, to suffer from problems associated with contemporary demographic population and growth are directly and indirectly, as well as its significant impact in the processes of planning and development, as the development of economic and social policies requires full knowledge of the population because they are the goal of development and its device and the basic rule in the movement of construction and progress. This study was to reveal the relationship between the growth of the population of Iraq and disparity in place and at the level of administrative units (governorates), thus, the objective of the study is to highlight that relationship through the influence of the elements of population growth on the spatial variation of the population and the state of imbalance in the geographical distribution, and through multiple axes represented by five chapters the study contained, introduction, conclusions and proposals, depending on the number of sources.Conclusions reached by the study confirmed the fact interdependence between the parties to the population equation in terms of the relationship between population growth and the impact of that growth in population spatial variation and the adoption of the data referred to by population censuses 1957.1977, 1987, 1997, and estimates for 2007, as The study concentrate distribution Iraq's population on a limited area of land through the use of certain statistical methods that showed irregular distribution of the population of Iraq and its units areal image. Valtbaan in growth rates resulting from internal migration movement suffered by the specific provinces of Baghdad come in the forefront Find concentrated population severe in Baghdad in particular, and a tendency to focus somewhat on the provincial level in general, from the Gap last owns all of Iraq's provinces elements of development (natural and HR) qualify to be areas of population attraction if these ingredients invested according to scientific bases, and in order to achieve ease of population momentum on Baghdad province, which focuses more than a quarter of Iraq's population, which at the time amounted to an area (1%) of the area of Iraq. At the same time in order to achieve the best investment of the natural and human resources in each governorate.

التحليل المكاني لصناعة منتجات طواحين الحبوب في محافظة بغداد لعام 2013 == Spatial Analysis For Manufacturing Grain Mill Products In Baghdad Governorate For The Year 2013

Author name: زينب عبد الزهرة جعفر العصامي
Supervisor name: ناهض هاتف محمد السعيدي
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis aims to study the reality of the industrial plants for grinding grain in the governorate of Baghdad in 3102, as well as aiming to focus on the spatial analysis of those facilities through analytical tools according to geography of industry methodology and building integrated data to support researchers in this field.The grain milling industry is not free of problems as it is like any other many industries, researchers did the best in order to analyze, identify , and accurately diagnose according to the analytical descriptive approach, and the analysis is concentrated into two mainLevel I : the study of patterns of spatial distribution of facilities, grain milling industry and the use of GIS technology and take advantage of the method of statistical analysis of several indicators, including the use of (HOT SPOT ANALYSIS) in ((Arc GIS program 01.33)) and average or center of gravity of the spatial Mean Center)), the central element or average (Central Feature) mediator and the center (Median Center) and tool standard distance (Standard Distance), and study the direction of the distribution of the phenomenon (ellipse standard (DIRECTION SITRIBUTION STANDARD DEVIATIONAL ELLIPSE) and link neighboring coefficient (Nearest Neighbor Analysis), then the application of these statistical operations and displaying the results in the form of digital maps, Interpreted the nature of the spatial model for facilities mills grain where emerged during the analysis (Hot Spot Analysis) that the hot spots indicate to spatial in (Alkarkh - District in Baghdad), while the indicators Statistical the above - mentioned were in (Rusafa District - in Baghdad), and this consolation and reasons why the research is owned by (the judiciary) of the attracting factors represented by the broad market, the availability of labor, capital, infrastructure services average and the location of the judiciary, as well as Historically, the region and gave fame for this industryLevel II : The study of the reality of the industry and an analysis of the problems in accordance to strategic analysis (SWOT) and demand forecasting the quantities of flour up to 3132, and is the mills are able to meet the needs and the demand of flour despite growing population numbers in the Governorate of Baghdad?We concluded there is not any deficit in the amount of flour despite the fact that all Baghdad mills do not work at full production capacity manner because the General Company for manufacturing of grain and provide them with specific amounts depending on the need of flour produced only so as to meet the needs of the State of the Ration Card.For the analysis of (SWOT)) , Studying the internal environment of the industry and the strengths as well as weaknesses has been done and performed , and the external environment study and of analysis of reservoirs opportunities and threats and risks facing the grinding in Baghdad and follow the dual analysis (Performance Gap Analysis) industry which measures the distance between reality and ambition under the Matrix of Strategic Analysis according to a study analyzing the success factors of the industry and linked to the most significant operations. It was the most important success factors and by priority lies in the ((Efficiency and user satisfaction and coverage of population need of flour, and export the surplus labor and development.)).Thus Performance Analysis Gap was measured between the real situation and the best case of analysis, which amounted to (3,2) it was found that a large gap is formed in accordance with the measurement of five degrees.The most important, results that we did reach to from the Performance Analysis Gap is concentrated in encouraging farmers to use and means and ways that will increase the efficiency , the quality and quantity of raw material used in industry in order to rely on the local product and also reduce import as much as possible

جيومورفولوجية سبخات السهل الرسوبي في العراق باستعمال تقنيات الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) == Geomorphology Of Sebkha For Mesopotamia Plain In Iraq - Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System (GIS) Techniques

Author name: زينب ضمد حسن
Supervisor name: ثائر مظهر فهمي العزاوي | هالة محمد عبد الرحمن
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Remote sensing techniques and Geographic information system (GIS) proved the installation of the bands (3,4,7) is the best in the discrimination of Sebkha and their moisture content, which gives the Sebkha dark gray inclined to brown, and gray indicating least moisture; salts take blue color and installation of (3,4,5) is associated with distinguishing the crescent lakes, with installation of (2,3,4) is associated with river islands. The merging between these channels has an advantage in differentiating these phenomena and their geo - morphological relationship with Sebkha.A relationship between the Sebkha areas and the rainy seasons prior to the summer is established which works on assembling salts from the high surrounding areas and its concentration in low basin areas within these plain Lands. This explains the increased marsh spaces in 2013 in each of the Baghdad, Babil, and Wasit governorates with increasing amount of rain during the rainy season 2012 - 2013. The increase of Sabcka areas in Diwanya, Theeqar and Basrah governorates with the increase in rain quantity during the rainy season (2012 - 2013). In addition, corresponding spatial visualization space is performed to indicate the effect on the tectonic shift mechanism on rivers change together with identifying geomorphological processes affecting the increase of Sebkha and crescent lakes and river islands.The results of change detection and calculation of changing spaces in these phenomena declared that the alluvial plain is characterized by the positive change in 2013 by the increase in vegetation cover, water area and positive decrease for each of the Sebkha saline crust area and soil Sebkha, also all the provinces within the alluvial plain have been distinguished to undergo positive change in significant increase of vegetation and water plains in 2013 except the province of Karbala where water area decreased, and as for the Sebkha of salt crust, it underwent a marked negative increase for each of the province of Baghdad in which the changing area, Maysan, and Wasit an area. The large increase in the salt crust Sebkha included Wasit province, followed by Maysan, and then Baghdad. As to the other provinces, the results indicated positive change revealing less spaces of salt crust Sebkha in the summer of 2013. In regard to the Sabcka soil, the change was negative as noticed by the increase in the province of Baghdad, Basra, Karbala, Maysan, and Wasit. As to the other provinces, the Sabcka soil has decreased in varying sizes compared with 2002.The field study proved the accuracy of the results, that have been obtained via geographical techniques, in determining the spatial distribution of the Sebkha sites, which gathered by deled observations with interpretation and statistical digital classification), their locations were identified through a Global Positioning system GPS, in addition to description of geo - morphological phenomena and their interpretation, besides determining the field variables toincrease reliability. Samples of soil, surface and ground water carefully selected were obtained in a fashion to be distributed over a wide geographical area. The field study has shown forms of Sabcka, which has taken local distribution dispersed in the alluvial plain in the low basin areas of the plain, whose level is close from ground water and on both sides of the river, around the temporary and permanent plains, and dried areas. It started to extend near populated areas and planted depressions. The Sabkha dimensions varied from governorate to another, which varied almost from 1 - 15km, and in most cases extends in an intermittent and continuous form in between populated and all agricultural areas along the roads between governorates.The exact geo - morphological forms associated of Sebkha formats have been all determined, such as : Alnbaka, lakes, salt flats, and others of small forms : bridges with brine, mud cracks, salt ponds etc…together with determining vegetation cover associated with Sebkha of Holophyte with their classification and importance, in detail and accurately documented with terrestrial field Photographs. These are to be compared with the levels and standards of the varieties that have been carefully selected to be acquainted with their characteristics and to determine their locations using the Global Positioning System(GPS). Furthermore, geomorphological map related to sabkha is to be prepared.Following the recognition of the properties of the sedimentary and geochemical properties of recent sediments in the sedimentary basin through, analysis of the positive and negative of basic elements and heavy elements of surface and ground water was performed, besides the soil with regard to its distribution and its classification according to maps. These maps indicated that the pollution of the area under study by negative and positive ions of Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfates, and Chlorine, rare and heavy ions represented by Nickel, Cobalt, Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc. The chemical analyses indicated that the soil increase in their concentration by amount exceeds Iraqi and international limits. Best method to simulate soil elements concentration was found in the Arc GIS V.10, which is the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted Spatial analyst interpolate). Laboratory analyses have shown that the water quality is poor due to increased salinity, dispersed small quantities of polluting elements, besides determination of most important environmental traces that cause increase in Sabkha by loss of agricultural land, in addition to loss of pasture areas and animals. Further degradation is in water quality and increased desertification phenomenon and its impact on urban sprawl and deterioration of construction quality, loss of biological varieties and crop structure due to high salinity

خدمات البنى التحتية في وحدة بلدية الغدير == Infrastructure Services Unit In The Municipality Of Ghadeer

Author name: رشا محمد حسن كاطع الشويلي
Supervisor name: رفل ابراهيم طالب
General topic: Geography
Specific topic: Geography
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: the infrastructure services is one of the threads that have a close relationship to human life and its evolution so come to represent an important indicator of the progress and development of civilization in the city include these services (drinking water service and sewage and electric power), and has been selected (unit Municipality Ghadeer area) to study for being one of the important urban areas in the city of Baghdad experiencing population increase markedly in recent years, which requires focus and study of the service, and aims to that there is variation in the provision of services within the residential neighborhoods in the study area and came neighborhood confirmed inspired April 9 at the forefront of these neighborhoods with a deficit in infrastructure services (drinking water, sewerage, electricity) and the lack of efficiency and adequacy on the basis provided for each person according to planning standards and in sufficient quantities, to variation in population growth and Kthavthm by neighborhoods and high excesses (slums) and the apparent increase secretion of residential land ( fission residential) Which impact on the rising demand for services and then decline and deterioration of the efficiency of the service.jaet study four chapters where the first chapter discusses the natural and human characteristics and their impact on services in the study area as the second chapter the spatial distribution of services, mechanism of action, and the third chapter is complementary second to separate from the reality of analysis services supported in clarification on a range of tables and graphics, while the fourth chapter dealt with the current and future needfor drinking water and knowing discharged quantities of water and the amount of electrical energy needed size. The study found a set of conclusions and recommendations that have a contribution to addressing the problems or trying to reduce their negative effects at present and in the future by increasing the number of water projects and energy design and extending sewerage networks in the shops of others are served with a continuing those networks maintenance and equipping the population with electricity. Any The services are planning according to local and international standards for the advancement of the best of those services.
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