First pages:

التاثيرات السمية لجسيمات الفضة النانوية على بعض الاعضاء لاناث طائر السمان Coturnix coturnix : دراسة نسجية وكيموحيوية == Toxic Effects of Nanosilver Particles On Some Organs of Female Quail (Coturnix Coturnix); Histological And Biochemical Study

Author name: عبير ساجد عبد علي

Supervisor name: غزوة درويش النقيب

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة التعرف على تاثير جسيمات الفضة النانوية في نسجية كل من الكبد والطحال والكلى فضلا عن تاثيرها في وظائف الكبد والكلى من خلال قياس بعض انزيمات الكبد المتضمنة (AST & ALT) وقياس مستوى اليوريا والكرياتنين (Urea & (Creatinine, فضلا عن تاثيرها في | This study was included to identify the effect of silver nanoparticles on histology of the liver, spleen and kidney, as well as it's effect on functions of the liver and kidneys through the measurementof some liver enzymes included (AST and ALT) and measurement of urea and creatinine levels, as well as the effect of silver nanoparticles in the weight of studied samples, numbers and sizes of the eggs were produced through the exposure periods.(45) quail (females) were collected from agricultured research center in Abu - Ghraib, divided into (4) groups including : T1 (12 quails were exposed to 4ppm), T2 (12 quails were exposed to 8ppm) and T3 (12 quails were exposed to 12 ppm) of nanosilver particles solution for (60) days.As well as control group T4(9 birds were exposed to distilled water).After the end of the exposure period samples were sacrificed by discapitation of the neck, and blood was collected for the purpose of serum separation which required for biochemical study, samples were dissected and fixated with Bouin's fluid, histological slides were prepared and stained with Eosin - Hematoxylin.Biochemical study were showed significant decrease in the level of liver's enzymes (AST & ALT), urea and creatinine. This decrease was elevated when the concentration was increased, as well as significant decrease in each of sizes and numbers of the eggs were produced through exposure periods and non - significant decrease in the body weight.Exposed groups with silver nanoparticles showed histopathological alterations for each of liver, spleen and kidney, in liver included congestion of blood vessels, infiltration of inflammatory cells, exudate, appearing of concilman bodies, fatty degeneration in most of hepatocytes which progressed to fatty changes in most of samples were exposed with 12ppm, Hyperplasia for each of blood vessel walls and capsule, atrophy of hepatocytes, and appearing of giant cells, while kidney sufferd from hydropic degeneration in most of renal tubules hemorrhage for each of cortex, medulla and glomerulus, hyaline degeneration of tubules, amyloid precipitation for each of glomerulus and blood vessels, sloughing of epithelial cells of renal tubules from basement membrane, hypertrophy of renal tubules with hyperplasia for cells of tubules and atrophy of renal tubules.Spleen tissue showed decreased in sheets of white pulp and lymphocyte numbers red pulp cells. Severity of these effects varied depending on individual differences between samples and concentration of silver nanoparticles, which increase in samples were exposed with highest concentration.

تاثير بعض عوامل المكافحة الحيوية في بعض الجوانب الحياتية للذبابة المنزلية Musca domestica L. (Diptera : Muscidae) == Effect of Some Biological Control Agents On Some The Biological Aspects of Musca Domestica (Diptera : Muscidae)

Author name: علي مرتضى كاظم الياسري

Supervisor name: محمد رضا عنون الحسناوي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://qu.edu.iq/repository/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%8A.pdf

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية تقويم كفاءة بعض طرائق السيطرة الحيوية باستعمال الفطر Sorokin Metschnikoff)) Metarhizium anisopliae والبكترياBacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis ومنظم النمو Neporex Cyromazine) ) في المكافحة الحيوية للذبابة المنزلية Musca domestica | The present study aimed to evaluation of efficacy of some methods Metarhizium anisopliae Sorokin) Metschnikoff) Bacillus thuringiensis var.israelensis and Neporex) Cyromazine) from be used as biocontrol agents against (Diptera : Muscidae)Musca domestica L. The results showed the following : 1. Different concentration of Fungal suspension have been affected the life stages of Musca domestica. The mortality rate of eggs were (18.66%) at the concentration of 2 × 103 spore /ml, and increased to (36.66%) at the concentration of 2 × 106 spore /ml. The first larvae instars have showed highest mortality rate reached (83.33%) when treated with 2 × 106 spore/ml, while (56.66%) of them were dead at concentration of 2×103 spore/ml. (36.66%) of pupae of Musca domestica were dead when exposed to 2 × 106 spore /ml. The treatment with highst concentration caused high adult mortality, i.e. (96.66%) and (93.33%) for adult males and females of the Musca domestica respectively after 168 hours, while (70%, 73.33%) when treated with 2×103 spore /ml. 2. The secondary metabolities of fungi when applied, all first larvae instars of Musca domestica were dead and (96.66%) of the when tretead with concentration 100%, while (66.66%) and (63.33%) for the same larval instars at concentration 25%. 3. The result showed the different concentration of bacterial suspension affected the mortality rate of larvae of Musca domestica.The first larva instars have showed highst mortality rate which reached (76.66%) when treated with 2 × 105 spore /ml while (50%) of them where dead at concentration 2 × 102 spore /ml after 72 hours from treatment. 4. The effect of secondary metabolites of bacteria when applied, All first larva instar of Musca domestica were dead and (90.00%) when treated with concentration 100% and decreased to (73.33%) after 72 hours from treatment , the mortality rate of adult was (100%) at concentration 100% and decreased to (63.33%) after 72 hours from treatment. 5. The concentration of insect growth regulator neporex have effected , The highst mortality rate eggs was (37.00%), at the concentration 100 part per million, while (19.33%) at the concentration 25 part per million, , the first larval instars mortality at the concentration 100 part per million, was (96.66%) at the concentration 100 part per million while (66.66%) at the concentration 25 part per million.the mortality rate of pupa was (73.33%) while (30%) at the concentration 25 part per million after 72 hours from treatment

دراسة نسجية مقارنة بين عضلات الصدر والارجل في نوعين من الطيور الطائرة وغير الطائرة في عمرين مختلفين == Comparative Histological Study Between Pectoralis And Leg Muscles In Flying And Running/Walking Birds In Two Different Ages

Author name: تغريد حامد عبد الامير

Supervisor name: هاشم محمد عبد الكريم العلاق

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: تناولت هذه الدراسة عددا من العضلات الهيكلية في نوعين من الطيور الطائرة (الحمام) وغير الطائرة (الدجاج). العدد الكلي للطيور المستعملة 30 طائرا, 15 من الدجاج و15 من الحمام تمت دراسة بعض الخصائص الفسلجية والنسيجية للالياف العضلية الحمر والبيض والوسطية وحساب | This study deals with a number of skeletal muscles in two types of birds ; flying (pigeon) and running (chicken) types. The total number of the studied birds was 30; 15 were chicken and 15 were pigeons. Some of the physiological and histological characteristics of the muscle fibers (red, white, and intermediate) , the percentage of fibers diameter in the studied muscles, and the change noted in the muscle weight with advancing age had been calculated. The species of the chicken in this study was Gallus domesticus , while the species of the pigeons was Columba livia domestica. The muscles that is used in the study were : pectoralis muscle, femortibialis, triceps, biceps brachii, extensor carpi radialis muscle, and gastrocnemius muscles in two age groups of birds; (3 - 6) months and (6 - 12) months in order to know the changes in the weights, numbers, diameters, and sizes of the muscle fibers that occur with advancing age. The aim of this study is to identify the three types of the muscle fibers their role in the muscle movement and the regions in which there is specific type rather than others. The results had shown that the skeletal muscles in birds consist of heterogenous mixture of the three types of muscle fibers (red, white, and intermediate) , and the white muscle fibers are the predominant type in the pectoralis muscle of both types of birds, and the size of white muscle fibers in the pectoralis muscle in the chickens in the first age group was 73.8%, and in the second age group was 82.9%. While in pigeons, the size of white muscle fibers was 75.5% in the first age group, and 75.4% in the second age group. In addition, the present study deals with the relationship between the muscles weights and the age of the bird in that the muscles show increased weight with advancing age in both types of birds and there were significant differences in muscles weight in both age groups (p?0.05), while the triceps muscle did not show significant difference regarding weight between the two age groups in the same type of birds. The results of the study also show the differences in the diameter of the muscle fibers, that is there was continuous increase in the diameters with advancing age and show significant differences (p?0.05) , but regarding pectoralis muscle there was no significant differences in diameters with advancing age in both types of birds. The results of the study also show that the pectoralis muscle was the largest muscle in the body of the bird, and the ratio of its weight to the total body weight was relatively large.

دراسة جزيئية، وخلوية وراثية، ومناعية لمرض سرطان القولون والمستقيم في العراق == Molecular, Cytogenetic And Immunological Study of Colorectal Cancer In Iraqi Patients

Author name: حيدر جاسم محمد الخفاجي

Supervisor name: علي حمود السعدي | عزام قنبر اغا

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Babylon - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: The study consists of three parts related with patients of CRC as in : 1 - Molecular part 2 - Cytogenetic and molecular genetics part and 3 - Immunological part. In addition of their relatives of clinical and pathological diagnosis, genus, and tumor locations in 150 of Iraqi patients confirmed with CRC collected from Teaching Hospitals of some Iraqi governorates. The percent of male to female (54.66% / 45.43%) and the aged range of study were 16 to 80 years.The first part consist a study of five types of genes related with CRC represented by MLH1, MSH2, APC, K ras, and SMAD7 genes. Some of these genes develop with germline mutations as in MLH 1 exons1 and 15 so as MSH2 genes. While the rest genes related with a sporadic of CRC. All these genes were amplified by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for study the types of the mutations and their defect of these genes on CRC. The APC exon11and K ras exon1 genes were processed by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) technique. The results of PCR - SSCP technique for two genes represented by appeared three types of bands, which were (AA), (AB) and (AC) bands. The important band was (AB) which constitutes the variability region represented by 84.2% and 44.82% in patients for both genes. The results of patients with mutated bands with high significant differences(P?0.05).compared with healthy control. Patients carried these bands subjected to PCR - Sequences technique. The analysis results for APC gene sequences were substitutions mutations type of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) change Cytocine to Thiamin (C>T) at 1972 location of genome. While the analysis results of Kras gene appeared two types of mutations, substitution and frame shifts represented by deletion mutation and so as appeared stop codon mutation.The other genes represented by MLH1, MSH2, and SMAD detected by direct PCR - Sequences. The results analysis of MLH1 gene, exon (1and 15) represented by nucleotides change with high frequencies of substitution mutation through exon1 at different locations of nucleotides. So as frame shift mutation type deletion through exon15. While for MSH2 gene, exon 6 from 6.66% represent by deletion mutation. A spread study for SMAD7 gene, exon4 were done through 30 patients average age 52 years (male to female 56.7% : 53.3%) confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma compared with 15 healthy. A mutation of 20% of (SNPs) were identified.The second part which represented standard conventional cytogenetic and molecular genetics were done through peripheral blood culture (PBC). The study showed increasing of mitotic index (MI) in patients with significant differences (P?0.05) compared with healthy controls indicating for increasing of proliferation of the lymphocytes division. The study showed some chromosomal aberrations with significant, the majority of aberrations were higher significant in dwarf and aneuploidy chromosomes so as elongation chromosomes revealed significant differences (P?0.05) between patients and healthy. The appeared of Polyploidy chromosomes, with significant differences (P?0.05), that’s seem to be good indicator for cancer disease. The molecular genetics alterations which dependent on cytogenetic investigation were done through deletion of long arm of 5 chromosome which APC gene is located. The test elucidates the importance of inactivation (deletion) of APC gene in elicited of colorectal cancer. The study of 20 patients, were investigated by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The results showed 60% patients which have 5q arm deletion of (+). And (5%) have two deletions (++) which was a male aged less than 60 years. The results analysis explained significant differences (p?0.01) between studied group and deletion (+) of arm 5q. A correlation represented by significant differences (p?0.01)through dysfunction of APC gene deletion of 5q were found with high percent among sporadic adenocarcinoma 58.3%, with less in attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (AFAP) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) represented by the (25%), and (16.7) respectively.The last part related with immunological test were done by detection of tumor markers represented by Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA), IL - 33 and IL - 31.These markers represented a confirmative indicators for colorectal adenocarcinoma which were tested by ELISA technique in (79) patients confirmed with CRC of male and female. These tumor markers in tested with patients showed high significant differences (p?0.01) compared with healthy controls. Another immunological test for detection of Human papilloma virus (HPV) type 18 E6 gene expression in CRC by Immune histochemistry technique (IHC) in 71 (FFPET) of CRC. The results of this study showed there were a correlations between patients and adenocarcinoma positive HPV18 E6 infection 43.7% of patients infected with virus, with high significant differences (p?0.01) and higher infection in female (67.7%) than male (32.3%). So as a correlations were found between HPV18 E6 expression and tumor tissue locations, explained by high percentage 45.2% in rectum.While a tumor marker was (CD8+) was used to determine its role in human immune surveillance in tumor regions of CRC so as with regions which were infected by HPV. The study revealed high significant differences between healthy control and studied groups which have (CD8+) positive infiltration in tumor origins through detection by (IHC).In conclusions diagnosis of CRC can be detected by special genes like K ras gene through professional PCR processing, compact with tumor markers, so as Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique provides a precise method which can be used for detection of alteration of molecular and cytogenetic related with CRC.

تحديد شدة الاصابة الحادة والمزمنة لداء المقوسات الكوندية بواسطة مستويات (IL - 6, IL - 8, TNF - ?) == Determination of Acute And Chronic Toxoplasmosis By Estimation of IL - 6, IL - 8 And TNF - ? Levels

Author name: لينا قاسم كاظم الزهيري

Supervisor name: بان نوري القاضي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad

Language: English

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: المقوسات الكونديه من الطفيليات الشديده النجاح في انشاء اصابة مزمنه طويلة الامد. وقد اجريت الدراسة الحاليه على 366 امراة (117 مجهضات، 141 حوامل، 108 غير متزوجات) جمعت من مستشفيات مختلفة في بغداد. جمعت عينات الدم لجميع المجاميع المدروسة خلال الفترة مابين تش | Toxoplasma is a highly invasive parasite which establishes a life - long chronic infection. The present study was performed on 366 women (117 miscarriages, 141 pregnant and 108 singles) aged (17 - 35) years old from different hospital in Baghdad. Blood samples were collected from all patients during the period of Oct.2013 until of Jan. 2014. Anti - toxoplasma antibodies in the sera of all samples by using two tests, Latex test (LAT) and ELISA (IgG), (IgM) while, the proinflammatory cytokine were estimated by evaluation of the cytokine such as (IL - 6, IL - 8, TNF - ?). The results were showed that : ? The infection rate of toxoplasmosis by LAT was (41.53%) which was more sensitive than ELISA IgG (36.85%), and miscarried women were diagnosed by higher anti - toxoplasma IgG antibodies 62/117(52.99%), while pregnant result were lower 30/108 (27.78%). ? The most frequent age group of chronic infection with T.gondii was (23 - 28) year in both miscarriage and pregnant women, and represented by 45.16%, 40% respectively. While the most frequent age group for a single woman was (17 - 22) years, and represent 46.511% of the total number of this group.? Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis by ELISA IgM test revealed low sensitivity in different studied groups 25/366(6.830%), and miscarried women were diagnosed by a highly significant (P ?0.01) percentage of acute toxoplasmosis14/117(11.965%).and The age group of (17 - 22) years old diagnosed high significant (p?0.01) percentage of acute toxoplasmosis in all studied groups.? According to the distribution of infected miscarried women with toxoplasmosis and gestational age by ELISA IgM the result showed that most of miscarriages were occurred at the first trimester which considered high significant (p? 0.01) 8/14(57.42%). While, chronic infected women at the second trimester (4 - 7 month) diagnosed by significantly (P?0.01) higher percentage of miscarried 24/62(38.71%).? The level of pro - infalmmatory cytokine (IL - 6) in acute infected miscarried women with toxoplasmosis distincted with a significantly high increase (P? 0.05) (177.31±12.53 Pg/ml) in comparison to chronic infected one (119.36 ±14.07 Pg/ml).While, chronic infected pregnant women was low significantly (P ?0.01) (48.41± 2.79 Pg/ml) in comparison to acute infected one and other studied groups, ? The acute infected singles was (118.98± 15.68 Pg/ml) higher non - significantly (P?0.05) than chronic infected one (112.65 ± 17.91 Pg/ml) and both disease activity were significantly higher than its level in healthy singles.? The level of TNF - ? in acute infected miscarried women distincted with significantly higher (P?0.05) (97.46 ± 5.37 Pg/ml) in comparison to chronic infected women (69.55 ± 4.58 Pg/ml), Whereas the mean level of TNF - ? in pregnant infected women during acute phase (62.31 ± 3.82 Pg/ml) was significantly (P?0.05) higher than chronic infection (21.42 ±2.74 Pg/ml)? Single infected women showed high significant increase (P?0.05) of TNF - ? level (50.48 ± 7.42 Pg/ml) in comparison to chronic infected one (35.46± 5.36 Pg/ml) and both disease activity scored high significant increase (P?0.05) of TNF - ? in comparison to healthy singles (18.29 ± 1.02 Pg/ml).? Finally, the mean level of IL - 8 in miscarried women with positive infection with T. gondii during acute phase (187.92 ± 15.38 Pg/ml) was significantly (P?0.05) higher than chronic phase of infection (140.57 ± 13.87 Pg/ml).Whereas the mean level of IL - 8 in acute infected pregnant women (110.32 ± 9.13 Pg/ml) was higher significantly (P?0.05) than healthy pregnant (91.49 ± 7.59 Pg/ml) and healthy singles (88.82 ± 5.62 Pg/ml).? Infected single women showed highly significant (P?0.01) increased levels in both diseases activity in comparison to single women without infection (88.82± 5.62 Pg/ml).

تاثير المستخلص الكحولي لنبات الخباز (Malva sylvestris ) في فسلجة ونسجية الكبد والخصية في ذكور الفئران البيض == Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Mallow (Malva Sylvestris) On Physiology And Histology Liver And Testis In Albino Male Mice

Author name: بسمة علي جاسم

Supervisor name: مختار خميس محمد سعيد

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - College Of Science For Girls

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: صممت هذه الدراسة للتعرف على مدى تاثير المستخلص الكحولي الخام لنبات الخباز Malva Sylvestris في الكبد والخصى لذكور الفئران البيض نسجيا, وكذلك فسلجيامن خلال دراسة مستوى انزيمي Glutamate - oxaloactate - transaminase (GOT) وGlutamate - pyruvate - transaminase( | This study was designed to investigate the effects of crude alcoholic extract of Malva sylvestris on the histology of liver and testes in male albino mice, as well as levels of the GOT, GPT enzymes and testosterone hormone. Seventy two adult male albino mice were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into four main groups, the first group was given distilled water (control), while the other three groups were given (100, 300, 500 mg /kg) of crude extract. These main groups were subdivided into three subgroups, according to the period of treatment (2, 4, 6, 8)weeks. Blood samples were collected every two weeks for physiological study, and samples of the liver and testes were collected for histological study. Treating with crude alcoholic of Malva sylvestris led to no significant increase in the mean of the body weight except the concentration (500 mg /kg). There was significantly increase in the liver weight particularly in(500 mg /kg) for eight weeks of exposure, also there was significantly increase in the average of the testes weights treated with Malva sylvestris extract specially in (300, 500 mg /kg) for all periods of treatment compared with control group. Malva sylvestris extract coused significantly decrease in both GOT, GPT. there fore the value of GOT, GPT considers as concentration - period exposure dependent the highest value of GPT was (300 mg /kg) for two weeks (2. 25±228. 04) IU/L compared with control group (3. 03±226. 02) IU/L. and the lowest value of GPT was (500 mg /kg) for eight weeks (4. 52±192. 27)IU/L compared with control group (4. 06±208. 77) IU/L the highest value of GOT in (100 mg /kg) reached (4. 10±63. 00) IU/L for two weeks compared with control group (1. 25±71. 23) IU/L. the lowest value was (2. 77±49. 83) IU/L in (500 mg /kg) with eight weeks comparison with control group (1. 18±69. 02) IU/L. all concentration of Malva sylvestris extract made positive changes in the value of testosterone with all periods of exposure particularly in (300 mg /kg) compared with control group. There were many histopathological alterations appeared in the liver tissue among treated groups which caused by the effects of Malva sylvestris extract represented by congestion, disarrangement of hepatic cords, beginning of necrosis of hepatocytes, infiltration of leukocytes, narrowing of sinusoids, increase the number of binuclei cells, degeneration, appearance of giant cells, all these changes were reversible. Malva sylvestris extract made beneficial histopathological changes in the testes tissue in all treated groups like increase in numbers of ledyig cells specially concentration (500 mg /kg) reached (11.37± 0.80) IU/L with two weeks comparison with control group(5.38 ±0.34) IU/L, and increase in the thickness of the walls of seminiferous tubules specially concentration (500 mg /kg) reached(29.46± 1.39) IU/L with compared with control group(20.52±2.40) IU/L. In addition the role of extract in significant decline in the diameters of seminiferous tubules in all treated groups compared with control group

تقييم مستوى الثرومبوسبوندين لدى مرضى السكري النوع الثاني == Assessment of Thrombospondin Level In Diabetic Patients Type II

Author name: وجدان راجح حمزة الكريطي

Supervisor name: ارشد نوري غني الدجيلي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - College Of Science - Department Of Biology

Language: English

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: The present study is intended to asses serum levels of Thrombospondin - 1, Fasting blood glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin A1c, Lipid profile and BMI in type 2 diabetic patients, also correlation between Thrombospondin - 1 with all criteria above in both males and females.The study was conducted on randomly selected 65 type 2 diabetic patients (34 males and 31 females) attending the diabetes mellitus center in Al - Sadder Teaching City in Al - Najaf province, Iraq and a group of 24 apparently healthy subjects (12 Males and 12 Females) were included as a control group. The Study was carried out from August 2013 to February 2014.The patients' age was ranging of 35 to 64 years old.The results indicated a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum FBG, Cholesterol, TG, VLDL - C, LDL - C, TSP - 1 levels and a significant decrease (p>0.05) in serum HDL - C level in diabetic patients in comparing with healthy groups. The results also revealed that significant increase (p<0.05) in serum HbA1c level and BMI in diabetic patients in comparing with healthy groups.The results also revealed no significant differences (p> 0.05) in serum Cholesterol, Triglyceride, VLDL - C, LDL - C, HDL - C and TSP - 1 levels between males and females in both patients and health groups, while the results of FBG and HbA1c levels increase significantly (p<0.05) in females than males in both patients and health groups.The results show that Cholesterol, Triglyceride, VLDL - C, LDL - C, TSP - 1, FBG and HbA1c levels increase significantly (p<0.05) in both males and females patients groups in comparing with males and females of healthy groups respectively, and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum HDL - C in both males and females patients groups in comparing with males and females of healthy groups respectively.The results indicated a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum TSP - 1 level in females than males patients at same BMI (over weight and obese) except normal weight there is no significant differences (p>0.05) and there is no significant differences (p>0.05) between males and female of control groups at same BMI.The results show that TSP - 1 increase significantly (p<0.05) with increasing age of patients in males and females patients and the ages (55 - 64y) are highly significant(p<0.05) than (45 - 54y) and (35 - 44y), But there is no significant differences (p>0.05) in males and females of healthy groups at different ages. while there is a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum TSP - 1 level at same ages in both males and females patients in comparing with males and females of healthy groups respectively. The results also indicated that TSP - 1 increasing significantly (p<0.05) with increasing duration of disease in males and females patients and the (11 - 15y) reveals a highly significantly (P<0.05) than (6 - 10y) and (1 - 5y). The results have been shown significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between TSP - 1 and FBG, TSP - 1 and HbA1c, TSP - 1 and BMI, TSP - 1 and cholesterol, TSP - 1 and TG, TSP - 1 and LDL - C, TSP - 1 and VLDL - C in (males and females), males, females DM patients. The results have been shown significant negative correlation (P<0.05) between TSP - 1 and HDL - C in (males and females), males, females DM patients. The present study concluded that Thrombospondin - 1 and HbA1c levels were markers for detection and diagnosis of diabetic patients type

التاثيرات الفسلجية والكيموحيوية لعدد من المستخلصات النباتية في الدم والجهاز التناسلي الذكري في الجرذان البيض Rattus norvegicus المعرضة للكرب التاكسدي == A Study of Physiological And Biochemical Effects of Plant Extracts On Blood And Male Reproductive System of Albino Male Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Exposed To Oxidative Stress

Author name: صاحب جمعة عبد الرحمن

Supervisor name: زيد محمد مبارك المهداوي | صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Zoology

Degree: Doctorate

University: Tikrit University - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Salahaddin

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية معرفة بعض التاثيرات الفسلجية والكيموحيوية للمستخلصات المائية للكرفس (Apium graveolensL) والجرجير(Eruca sativa Mill) والطماطم (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) في الدم والجهاز التناسلي لذكور الجرذان البيض المعرضة للاجهاد التاكسدي المستحد | The aim of the present study was to investigate some physiological and biochemical effects of the aqueous extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.), gardeen rocket (Eruca sativa Mill) and tomato frait (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) on blood and male reproductive so system of Albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide 0.5% with drinking water for 21 days using vitamin E, as well known antioxidant as criterion for comparison. For the purpose of this study, preliminary experiments were carried out to find the most effective doses of plant extracts and it was found that these doses were 100, 150, 250 mg/kg body weight for, tomato, celery and gordeen roket extracts respectively. Fifty rats (12 - 14 weeks age) were randomly divided to ten groups (treatments) each with five replicates.These groups are : Group (1) (control group) : Rats without any treatment.Group (2) : Rats treated with H2O2.Group (3) : Rats treated with celery extract (150 mg/kg b.w.).Group (4) : Rats treated with celery extract (150 mg/kg b.w.) and H2O2.Group (5) : Rats treated with Eruca extract (250 mg/kg b.w.).Group (6) : Rats treated with Eruca extract (250 mg/kg b.w.) and H2O2.Group (7) : Rats treated with tomato extract (100 mg/kg b.w.)Group (8) : Rats treated with tomato extract (100 mg/kg b.w.) and H2O2.Group (9) : Rats treated with vitamin E (500 mg/kg b.w.).Group (10) : Rats treated with vitamin E (500 mg/kg b.w.) and H2O2 Results could be summarized as follow : 1. Compared with the control, the oxidative stress induced by H2O2 caused significant increase in total count of leukocytes, neutrophilis, acidophils, basophilis, monocytes and lymphocytes, and in the level of blood sugar (glucose), Total cholesterol, triglycerides(TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL - C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL - C) atherogenic index (First and second), Urea, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and percentages of dead sperms and abnormal sperms.This stress showed as well, a significant decrease in body weight, Hb, PCV, high density lipoprotein (HDL - C), total protein, Albumin, glutathione, sperm total number, percentages of motile and normal sperms, testes weight, prostate and epididymis weights and seminiferous tubules diameter. This treatments, however, showed no significant variations in activity levels of ALT and AST enzymes and seminal vesicle weight.2. In comparison with treatment (2) (rats treated only with H2O2) , the treatment of rats, under oxidative stress with celery extract showed a significant decrease in total count of leukocytes neutrophils, lymphocytes and in blood suger, cholesterol TG atherogenic (First index) blood urea, MDA, Percentage of dead and abnormal sperms and seminal vesicle weight.This treatment showed also a significant increase in level of Hb, PCV., body weight, total protein, Albumin glutathione, number of sperm, percentages of motile and normal sperms, testis weight, epididymis weight and prostate weight. However no significant variations were detected in levels of acidophils, basophils, monocytes, HDL - C, atherogenic (second index) and seminituferous tubules diameter.3. Treatment of Eruca extract and compared with the treatment of H2O2, showed significant decrease in lymphocytes number and in the level of blood sugar, cholesterol (T.G), LDL - C, VLDL - C and atherogenic (first and second index) blood urea, MDA, percentage of dead and abnormal sperms and seminal vesicles weight. The treatment showed also a significant increase in body weight, numbers of acidophils, monocytes, basophils, HDL total sperm numbers, percentages of motil and normal sperms and weights of testis, epididymis and prostate.However, no significant variations were observed in Hb, PCV, Leukocyte total counts, neutrophil, albumin, ATL and AST and seminiferous tubule diameter.4. The treatment of tomato extract showed similar results to that of celary and Eruca extracts except, a significant increase in AST enzyme and seminiferous tubules diameter was detected in case of tomato extract (i.e not seen in case of other plant extracts).5. Compare with H2O2 treatment, rats under oxidative stress treated with vitamin E (500 mg/kg b.w) showed significant decrease in lymphocyte numbers, Total cholesterol, TG, LDL - C, VLDL - C, atherogenic (first and second index), urea, MDA and percentages of dead and abnormal sperms.At the same time the vitamin E treatment showed a significant increase in body weight , Hb, neutrophils, acidophils , monocytes, total protein, glutathione, total sperms number, percentage of motile and normal sperms, and weights of testis, epididymis, and prostate.However, this treatment (compared with H2O2 treatment) showed no significant difference in the level of PCV total count of leukocytes, basophils, blood sugar, HDL - C, albumin, ALT, AST, seminal vesicle weight and seminiferous tubules diameter 6. The most important histological changes exhibited by the animals under oxidative stress were apparent interstitial degeneration, necrosis of supporting and spermagonial cells, separation of these cells in semicyclic manner from the basement membrane, decrease in spermatids (spermatoblasts) and mature sperms in seminiferrous tubule cavity.These effects (due to H2O2 treatment) were decreased to minimal levels when the H2O2 treated rats exposed to plant extracts and vitamin E, used in this study.7. Animals treated with plant extract or vitamin E alone (i.e not treated before with H2O2) showed no clear difference from the control animal (without any treatment) though some improvement was observed in some physiological, biochemical and histological characters of blood and male reproductive system of the studied animals The above results revealed that the plant extract used in this study play an important role in decreasing the harmful effect of the free radicals in the animals (rats) studied.