Author name:
شمس الضحى حسان فرهود جساس
Supervisor name:
رائد حميد مجيد البطاط
Abstract:
In this study, I address the argumentative style. I track down the movement of argumentation and challenges in its investigation and terminology. The research endeavors to demonstrate the linguistics angle of argumentation that is, in terms of Pragmatics and Speech Acts theory, revealing to us the impact of argumentation on persuasion and appealing.This study is titled, "The Argumentation in the Poetry of the Abbasid Era Scholars." The research plan deemed to contain three chapters, preceded by Preface and Introduction, and followed by Conclusion. In the preface, I present the concept of the argumentation in terms of language and terminology, as well as, come to mention the most important sources and basic pillars that would help scholars and poets master Argumentation. In Chapter One, titled "The Rhetorical Argumentation," I deal with the most important methods applied in accordance with three sections : Demonstrative, intuitive and linguistic. I concentrate on the great value of these means in the formation of the rhetorical, self - evident and persuasive Argumentation. Chapter Two, titled "The Pragmatic Argumentation", is divided into three sections. In Section I, I show a brief summary of the pragmatics, while Section II, I discuss the the relationship of pragmatics to Argumentation and the most essential elements that correlate between pragmatics and Argumentation. However, in Section III, I investigate the concept of Speech Acts, which lead to the construction of the argumentation from within the discourse. Chapter Three, titled “The logical Argumentation," is divided into four sections : Section I addresses the analogical reasoning; Section II representation as a logical technique trying to access a speaker to the desired goal; Section III addresses the inference method which acts as a technique for drawing from the Qur'anic verses as a compelling proof in the aim of achieving persuasion. In Section IV, I investigate the inductive method applied to the stories of the Holy Quran and proverbs as witnesses in the service of the speech acts. The research, then, comes to reach a conclusion that poets - by rhetorical, logical and pragmatic evidences - manage to achieve the objectives and goals. Their employing of those structures would have influence and impact on their receiver, helping them ground the idea in people's minds.The argumentation is a speech act and it must be studied in the field of language because argumentation theory in the language is an extension to and development of the theory of Speech Acts. The argumentation, as an act speech, is restricted to act argumentative directives resulting from it. The argument in poetry is built in terms of the impact resulting from a speech act, driving its strength from the ability to influence and persuade the receivers of the idea and carry it out. When a poet adopts affirmative speech acts, he resorts to demonstration or declarative idea, framing it in order to have the recipient convinced in the idea at hand, or when a statement indicates behaviors or expressions, that is, those acts that are intended to express the psychological state, such as a complaint, apology, pleasure.... it might have an argumentative dimension, thus making the poet achieve an indirect speech act. The contributions of Austin and Searle are considered one of the most significant progresses in this area, for they have explained the analytical works and their terms used in the contextual texts mirroring the meaning of the act.Poets as well rely on logical instruments of various types for they are successful means to achieve social interest. These instruments, as well, suggest a kind of confidential results and follow a logical way in the introduction and conclusion. Thus, they are logical means to assemble arguments and evidences, or reach logical access to evidence until they are interconnected altogether. The persuasion is also achieved through zooming in the image on the future or by evoking a realistic concrete data along with and attested reasoning evidence. The argumentation, therefore, is not a logical rhymed poetry which is based on a dialectic or proof. Neither is it conceived in an emotional sense which depends on stirring up emotions, feelings and inner forces. Rather, those are all primary objective and goals of every argumentative discourse, that is, to persuade the listener in a voluntary manner. In order to achieve these objectives, the research tends to rely on the analytical approach. Linguistically laid out, the research intends to show the extent to which the Argumentation is correlated to other pragmatic concepts, prove the possibility of talking about argumentation in poetry, and have access to the worlds of poetic discourse pursuant to procedural mechanisms of pragmatics.
