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العلاقات الهندية - السوفيتية 1947 - 1964

Author name: خولة طالب لفتة محسن الحميداوي
Supervisor name: ليلى ياسين حسين الامير
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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السياسة الامريكية تجاه المانيا 1941 - 1949 == American Policy Towards Germany 1941 - 1949

Author name: حسين عبد القادر محيي عيسى التميمي
Supervisor name: هلال ثجيل جلوي الخفاجي
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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العلاقات المصرية السعودية 1964 - 1970 : دراسة تاريخية سياسية == Egyptian - Saudi Relations 1964 - 1970 (A Historical Study)

Author name: سميرة اسماعيل جاسم الحسون
Supervisor name: طيبة خلف عبد الله
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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عز الدين سليم وفكره السياسي == Ezzidden Saleem and his political thought

Author name: فرات عبد الحسن كاظم الحجاج
Supervisor name: باسم حطاب حبش الطعمة | هلال ثجيل جلوي الخفاجي
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study interested in the Abdelzahra Othman Muhammads life and his political thought. It aimed at following up his personality and his works. In fact, Abdelzahra was an important politican in the contemporary history of Iraq, because he was given a position on the Iraqi Governing Council, where he was serving as an effective member. Moreover, he became president of the council on May 1, 2004 and Continned in this position until May 17,2004, when was killed by a car bomb near the Green Zone. Abdelzahra also became an active member of al - Dawa Party and when he went to Iran in 1980, he worked in the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq. Hence, Abdelzahra was working for his country, when he was in exile.He established the Dawa Alislamiyah Movement (Invitation to Islam).Furthermore, he wrote many intellectual books dealt with the Islamic political thought and in the Islamic studies field that interested in the prophet Muhammed (Gods bessing and peacebe upon him) and the family of the prophet. This dissertation falls into a preface, introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The preface interested in the causes of study of the Abdelzahras personality and analysised the dissertations resources. The introduction seeked to explain the nature of Islamic movement in Iraq. It also tried to shed light upori the important organizations of Islamic movement before the establishment of al - Dawa party. The introduction dealt with the establishment of this party and its important principles. The first chapter interested in the Abdelzahras life, his political and cultural activities, and his role in the establishment of the Dawa Alislamiyah Movement. This chapter tried also to discover the important events that Abdelzahra witnessed it.The second chapter was devoted to discuss the Abdlezahras political opinions. In fact these opioions interested in the Iraqi opposition and its political activity in exile. This chapter dealt with his views on the Islamic movement in Iran, Afghanstan, and Egypt. The researcher discussed also the political nalyzation that interested in the international policy, especially, U.S. policy and its global role. Moreover, this chapter dealt with also the Abdelzahras opinions on the developements that took placein Poland, China, Yugoslavia, etc. The third chapter threw light upon the Abdelzahras opinions of the Islamic political thought. The researcher interested in this topic, because Abdelzahra was one of the Islamic thinker who focused on the importance of Islamic social working and diagnosed its obstacles as well. He explained factors of the promotion of Islamic nation and factors that took place its stagnancy. This chapter dealt with the Abdelzahras views on the Islamic freedom and democracy. Finally, he explained his point of view on the principles of Islamic education and role of women in the Islamic society. The conclusion presented the findings which the study reached it. This study proved that the pious education of Abdelzahra was taking part in the creation of Islamic political personality. Moreover, Apdelzahra was working on the consolidation and extension of the Dawa Alislamiyah thought in Basrah. The Dawa Alislamiyah was suppressed since 1971, but Abdelzahra protected its principlies and went on to work in his struggle in exile in Kuwait between 1975 - 1980 under the Dawa Alislamiyah organization. In 1980, he come to Iran and the splitting started in the Dawa Alislamiyah, and then, Abdelzahra organized the Dawa Alisamiyah movement. Finally, Abdelzahra wrote many books covering topics rat11ging from religion to politics. He had useful opionions on the field of International relations and its effects on Iraq. Moreovere, he had opionions on the field of federalism and contemporary freedom and elections.
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فرنسا ولبنان : دراسة في تاريخ العلاقات السياسية 1936 1946 == FRANCE AND LEBANON A study In The History Of Political Relations 1936 - 1946

Author name: صالح جعيول جويعد السراي
Supervisor name: حميد احمد حمدان التميمي
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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الدور السياسي للنخبة العسكرية في العراق 1952 - 1963 == The Political Role of the Military Elite in Iraq 1952 - 1963

Author name: جعفر عبد الدائم المنصور
Supervisor name: حسين علي المصطفى
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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سياسة المملكة العربية السعودية تجاه سوريا 1949 - 1958 == Saudi Arabia Policy Toward Syria 1949 - 1958

Author name: امير علي حسين
Supervisor name: ليلى ياسين حسين الامير
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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الدروز ودورهم السياسي في لبنان 1943 - 1989 == The Druzes and Their Political Role in Lebanon 1943 - 1989

Author name: محمد حسين زبون الساعدي
Supervisor name: حميد احمد حمدان التميمي
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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روسيا القيصرية في عهد القيصر بطرس الاكبر 1689 - 1725 == Czarist Russia in the Reign of Peter the Great 1689 - 1725

Author name: مشعل مفرح ظاهر الشمري
Supervisor name: باسم حطاب حبش الطعمة
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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موقف الولايات المتحدة الامريكية من السياسة الخارجية الالمانية في اوربا (1933 - 1939) == The United States of America’s Attitude towards Germany Foreign policy in Europe 1933 - 1939 (Historical study)

Author name: عباس هادي موسى اللامي
Supervisor name: نجاة عبد الكريم عبد السادة
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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النفط السعودي واثره في العلاقات السعودية الامريكية (1975 - 1982) == Saudi Oil and its Influence on Saudi - American relations (1975 - 1982 )

Author name: سلمى عدنان محمد الكباسي
Supervisor name: فاروق صالح العمر | وداد خضير حسين الشتيوي
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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الامتيازات الاجنبية في بلاد الشام في العهد العثماني من اواسط القرن الثامن عشر الى قيام الحرب العالمية الاولى 1750 - 1914

Author name: زهراء حميد خليل البحراني
Supervisor name: حميد احمد حمدان التميمي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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موقف الولايات المتحدة الامريكية من حرب تشرين الاول 1973 : دراسة تاريخية سياسية == American Attitude In October war 1973

Author name: اراء جاسم محمد المظفر
Supervisor name: باسم حطاب حبش الطعمة
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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مملكة هرمز (1500 - 1622م) == The Kingdom of Hormuz 1500 - 1622 A.C

Author name: حيدر عبد الرضا حسن التميمي
Supervisor name: باسم حطاب حبش الطعمة | هلال ثجيل جلوي الخفاجي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
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الاستراتيجية الامريكية تجاه العراق على اثر احتلال دولة الكويت 1990 - 2003 : دراسة تاريخية == American Strategy toward Iraq after the occupation of Kuwait State 1990 - 2003 Historical Study

Author name: غسان بنيان جلود الشويلي
Supervisor name: ياسين طه ياسين الهارون
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Iraq's relationship with marked United States since antiquity, but that relationship was ruled by the nature of international relations and global policy environment, and historical evidence pointed toward this relationship, which differed in different historical phases that passed by, through us site United States of America in international balance, Iraq has become a centerpiece of American interest and particularly after the end of World War II, especially after he became one of the most important factors for oil factor in the success of this war, and that Iraq enjoys a strategic location and its resources made it in Us policy priorities in accordance with the adopted strategy planning with multiple policies that has undergone transformation strategy wisdom international and regional situations and the Interior, as the actual intervention process began for the United States to Iraq and who skipped interest .Was the importance of this shift in the regional environment, after the fall of the Shah of Iran strategic ally of the United States in the Middle East, you may select the normal route of us strategic shift toward Iraq since Iran - Iraq war in 1980 - 1988, as The American decision maker, need to go towards a strategy to embrace Iraq, intelligence and logistical support in the course of the war, but that does not mean that the shift was not aimed at distancing strategy was primarily to destroy those strong regional area, and limit the expansion of Capabilities in the Middle East, the fact that both parties had United States animosity and ideological threat to their interests and its allies in the region that they both carry elements of geopolitical and economic and military power .The United States has adopted .And had proved its features and clearly as strategic shifts since the end of the Gulf war as a shift in the nature of dealing with the Iraqi file since 1993 - 2001, the policy of containment through economic and humanitarian dimensions, and carried military and security was intended to make the strategic dimension towards Iraq as Came the decision to stop the war, which set out the nature of the risks that they must stand against it based on the policy of containment, especially weapons of mass destruction, under UN Security Council resolutions, but that policy has failed to achieve the goal and different lobbyists around him success optimal strategy against Iraq was To be going towards a more effective policy that regime change in Iraq declared goal in light of the American strategy in Iraq Liberation Act .I took the success factors in Bush administration Jr in 2001 - 2003 September 11 helped in 2001, which varied around them, and what are the objectives behind them, but it's considered one of the most important factors in the nature of the shift towards Iraq and the ensuing consequences and becoming Opportunity invested by the Bush administration and neocons in the implementation strategy that drew toward Iraq since 1990, and go toward preemptive war, which was considered the decisive factor in achieving goal after failing military strategy of deterrence and containment, by connecting Iraq, global terrorism under the pretext of developing weapons of mass destruction, the US administration took escalating toward rogue States that support terrorism and Iraq was the priority attention being an anchor and a goal can usually process the overall security and military policy integration

محمد ناصر ودوره التربوي والثقافي والسياسي في العراق حتى عام 1967 == Mohammed Nasser and his Educational Cultural and Political Role in Iraq untill 1967

Author name: علاء عريبي غانم
Supervisor name: حميد احمد حمدان التميمي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: هذه الرسالة هي دراسة تاريخية لمحمد ناصر الذي كان احد اوائل الشخصيات التي ساهمت في تطوير التعليم في العراق وكان ايضا باحثا ومحاضرا وكاتبا ومترجما يتقن اللغة الانكليزية وقليلا من اللغة الفرنسية وشغل العديد من المناصب في الدولة الادارية والوزارية كما كان لد ادوار وانشطة سياسية وثقافية طول المدة وجودة في الحكومة حتى عام 1967 وكانت هذه الرسالة تسلط الضوء على سيرته الشخصية والتعليمية والسياسية والثقافية في العراق , وتتكون الرسالة من مقدمة وثلاث فصول وخاتمة يتناول الفصل الاول دراسة حياته المبكرة , نشاته ومراحل تعليمه , وقسم عنا الفصل الاول الى مبحثين , الاول بين نسبه ونشاته وبعض ملامح شخصيته في حين تطرق المبحث الثاني الى دراسته والوظائف التي شغلها حتى عام 1965 وبحث الفصل الثاني نشاطه السياسي الوطني القومي على مرحلتين حتى عام 1958 واشتملت على مشاركته في التظاهرات ضد زيارة الفرد موند في 8 شباط 1928 ومشاركته في التظاهرات التي كانت تطالب بالاستقلال وانهاء الانتداب 1930 ودوره في تاسيس جمعية الجوال العربي 1934 - 1941 وموقفه من حركة مايس 1941وموقفه من العدوان الثلاثي على مصر 1956 والمرحلة الثانية بحثت في المدة من ثورة 14 تموز 1958 وحتى عام 1966 وبينت موقفه من ثورة 14 تموز 1958 وموقعه من انقلاب 8 شباط 1963 وموقفه من بعض القضايا الوطنية ما بين 1964 - 1966 , اما الفصل الثالث فقد تحدث عن محمد ناصر وزيرا وباحثا ومحاضرا وتكون من اربعة مباحث تناول الاول استيزاره لوزارة التربية والتعليم من 31 /كانون الثاني - 17 /حزيران/ 1964 ومنجزات الوزارة في عهده اما المبحث الثاني فقد تناول محمد ناصر وزيرا للثقافة والارشاد من 6 /ايلول /1965 - 6 /اب/ 1966 ومنجزات الوزارة في عهده واستعرض المبحث الثالث معظم مؤلفاته ومقالاته ما بين 1963 - 1990 , في حين تضمن المبحث الرابع ظروف سفره الى الكويت في عام 1967 . | This thesis is a historical study of Muhammad Nasser, who was one of the early figures in the development of education in Iraq. He was also a researcher, lecturer, writer and translater who mastered the English language and a little French. He held many positions in the state, Administrative and ministerial. He also had political and cultural roles and activities throughout his tenure in the government until 1967This thesis was to highlight his personal and educational role, political and cultural in IraqThe thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with the study of the early life of Muhammad Nasser, his beginnings and the stages of his education. This chapter is divided into two sections, the first containing his origin, proportions, extras and some aspects of his personality. While the second topic dealt with the study of Mohammed Nasser Specialist and the functions he occupied in 1964The second chapter examined the activities of Muhammad Nasser national and national politician, in two stages, the first until 1958, including his participation in the demonstrations against the visit of the Al Ferd Mond in February 1928, as well as his participation in the demonstrations calling for independence 1930 and his role in the establishment of the AL - JAWAL AL - ARABI Association 1934 - 1941 and his position of the May 1941 movementAnd his position on the tripartite aggression against Egypt 1956 and the second stage followed from the revolution of July 14, 1958 until 1966, and touched on the position of Mohammed Nasser from the revolution of July 14, 1958, as well as his position on the coup of February 8, 1963. Muhammad Nasser was an ambassador in the Soviet Union 1964 - 1965 and his position on some national issues Between 1964 - 1966The third chapter Which is about Mohammed Nasser, minister, researcher and lecturer, consists of four topics , the first dealt with the receipt of the Ministry of Education from 31/1/1964 to 17/1/1964 and the achievements of the ministry in his reign. The second topic dealt with Mohammed Nasser Minister of Culture and Guidance from 19/6 / 1965 until 6/8/1966 and the achievements of the ministry in the era of the third article reviewed the writings and articles of Muhammad Nasser, while the fourth section included his travel to Kuwait in 1967

قوات بدر 1982 - 1991 : دراسة تاريخية == Badr Troops 1982 - 1991

Author name: مروة محمود حمود المالكي
Supervisor name: حسين عبد القادر محيي التميمي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Iraqs political history was full of events ,notably the so - called1968 revolution and the Baathists militarily hold of power. Since then ,the situation in lraq has gradually worsened to the extent of the suppression of freedoms in all their forms,whether political or religious, accompanied by campaigns of prsecution and arrests.This bad situation generated an adverse reaction , especially when the injustice of the former regime extended beyond all borders such as carrying out deportations of citizens accused of having lranian origin. So, what is known as the Islamic opposition has appeared .It has taken from the Islamic Republic of Iran as headquarter ,mainly after the Islamic revolution in Iran .Gradually , this opposition developed to take on the armed struggle against the regime and crystallized in to what is know as Badrs Troops or Badirs Corp established in 1982.Bard's troops were not built on a sectarian basis,but included number of those belonging to other sects and religions and ,moreover, of other nationalities. One of the most important goals of these troops was to topple regime in lraq and to establish a national democracy system.Abstract These troops have carried out several military operation from the beginning of the establishment until the outbreak of the popular uprising called Al - Intifada Al - Shabaniah in lraq in 1991.The most prominent of these battles was the Battle of Taraba Territory where Badeis .though sacrificed many martyrs ,didwell and derived the regime to lose so many equipment and soldiers.The struggle continued during the yearsof Iran - Iraq war .The continuation of this struggle was supported by Iranian government , especially after the welcome of Iranian opposition know as the Mujahedeen - e Khalq by the regime in Iraq which also sought to change the government in Iran.Bard's corps has participated in Al - Sgabaniah in 1991, but it did not use all its heavy weapons perhaps because of the Iranian government s unwillingness to do so after the improvement of the relationship between the two countries (I.e. Iraq and Iran) as well as Iran s fears that the change would be at the expense of its strategic security if US controls Iraq and this threatens its national security.

سياسة المملكة العربية السعودية تجاه سوريا 1961 - 1973 : دراسة تاريخية == Saudi Arabia Policy Toward Syria 1961 - 1973 (Historical study)

Author name: محمود حبيب سالم
Supervisor name: ناظم رشم معتوق
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of "Saudi Arabia's policy towards Syria between 1961 - 1973" is an important topic in contemporary Arab history. The period was characterized by many regional and international events and developments that naturally influenced the relations between the two countries. The first attempt at unity among the Arab countries One of which was Syria, as well as the war of Yemen in 1962, which had a great impact on the division of the Arab world into two blocs representing the first conservative countries led by Saudi Arabia and the second progressive countries led by Egypt, Syria has chosen to stand by the last bloc, The thesis absorbed attempts to restore unity between Syria and Egypt, in addition to Iraq, represented by the tripartite unity signed in 1963, which took revenge on the Riyadh government's fears and pushed it to work to abort it.Moreover, in 1966 King Faisal was active in calling for the formation of an Islamic alliance of Islamic states, which the Syrian government considered an extension of the Baghdad alliance (1955 - 1959), which it regarded as a tool of colonialism. Syria at a time whenit was in the internal Syrian is witnessing a power struggle between the poles of the Arab Baath party, which was in power. Also saw the mentioned period June war occurred in 1967 and the resulting implications for inter - relations between the Arab countries, including Syria and Saudi Arabia, as the dispute between the two countries on the policy to be taken towards Israel and relations with its supporting countries, especially United States one of the reasons for strained relations Between the two countries. In addition to the Palestinian guerrilla action and its reflection on the nature of the relationship between the two countries, this is represented by the events of Black September in 1970. Relations continued to deteriorate between Riyadh and Damascus until the corrective movement took place. The new Syrian leadership adopted a more moderate policy than its predecessor, and Hafiz al - Assad, who was in charge of improving Syria's relations with Arab countries, especially with Saudi Arabia, drove Syria out of political isolation. - Syria improved significantly until the war of October 1973 began to start a new chapter in relations between the two countries.The thesis was divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters and a conclusion that included the most important conclusions reached by the researcher. Boot a historical review of the policy of Saudi Arabia towards Syria until 1961, guarantees, and political relations between the two countries, ranging from deterioration and improvement depending on the circumstances surrounding the two countries.The first chapter came entitled "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's policy toward Syria from 1961 until 1966" and encompassed three sections, taking the first : Saudi Arabia's policy toward Syria separation 28 / September 1961 coup until 1963 included the second : the position of Saudi Saudi Arabia from the coup of March 8, 1963 in Syria. The third topic was devoted to the study : political relations between Saudi Arabia and Syria from the tripartite unity talks 1963 to 1966.The second chapter was devoted to the study of the "tension of Saudi - Syrian political relations between 1966 and 1968." The era of relations between the two countries was marked by the crisis of relations between the two countries. The first chapter of this chapter was devoted to highlighting Syria's position on the Islamic alliance in 1966, Syria. The second topic was devoted to the study : Israeli Attacks on Syria and its Impact on Saudi - Syrian Relations from 1966 to the Six - Day War in 1967. The last topic to discuss the impact of the June 1967 war on Saudi - Syrian relations was the period of Arab and international events and developments, The nature of the relationship between the two countries. Finally, the third chapter was devoted to the study of "Saudi Arabia's policy towards Syria from 1968 to 1973". He dealt with three questions. The first dealt with the Saudi policy towards Syria 1968 - 1969. This stage was characterized by continuous tension in Saudi - Syrian relations. The second section examines the position of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on the Syrian intervention in the creation of September in Jordan (September Black). The last section was devoted to shed light on : the corrective movement in Syria on 6/11/1970 and its impact on improving Saudi - Syrian relations until In 1973.The conclusion highlighted the findings of the letter by following the policy of Saudi Arabia towards Syria in the period under study.

موقف الحلفاء الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وبريطانيا من الاجتياح الالماني لاراضي الاتحاد السوفيتي 1491 - 1491 اعتمادا على الوثائق السوفيتية == Allies Stance - United States of America and United Kingdom - Against the German Sweep of the Lands of the Soviet Union (1941 - 1945) in the light of soviet documents

Author name: محمد يعقوب يوسف
Supervisor name: حيدر عبد الرضا حسن التميمي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: After WWII (1939 - 1945) , the allies had realised the risks at the political and economic levels in case of the over domination of the Nasists spreading out in Europe. Since then, they had started putting forward military tactics to stop the German sweep. Even much more, they had taken some serious steps taking advantage of the German announcement abolishing the treaty of friendship signed with the Soviet Union and the start of a large - scale military campaign to invade its territory on the 22nd of June 1941.Although the Soviet army was reluctant to resist the German invasion of their territory, the German forces took control of several important Soviet cities such as Stalingrad, which had led to several military campaigns to overthrow Moscow. The United States of America and Britain were deeply concerned about the growing Nazi threat to their interests and their influence in the region. So they decided to provide the military and political support necessary for the Soviet leadership of Hitler's expansionist plans in the Soviet Union. Accordingly, Washington had started to strengthen its relations with Moscow by holding several meetings with representatives of the Soviet government to discuss the latest developments at the military level. The Britain, represented by the Prime Minister Winston Churchill had made an agreement with its counterpart the Soviet PM - Joseph Stalin to unite their military efforts in order to expel the Germans from the territory of the Soviet Union.The significance of the current study lies in answering the following controversial questions that remained unanswered in the study of this important era in the history of the world, namely : What is the official and non - official position of the allies of the German invasion of the territory of the Soviet Union? Did the above - mentioned allies (US administration and the UK) provide enough political and military support to the Soviet Union in order to expel the Germans from its territory?Due to the different explanations proposed by researchers in the field by giving a clear view of the American and British position on the German invasion of Soviet territory on the one hand, and the absence of any academic study - except for what was written about the history of the Second World War - in the Iraqi universities, we decided to examine the subject in question, utilizing the Soviet books and documents that are related to the study of World War II that could help to answer the research question.The nature of the study necessitates that the research plan is based on the historical sequence of events, except for some of the sections in the thesis. The study, thus, includes an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion.Chapter one presents the German invasion of the Soviet Union and the position of the Allies (June 1941 - November 1941). Chapter two highlights the position of the United States and Britain, considering the German invasion of the territory of the Soviet Union (22 June 1941 - December 1942(. Chapter three investigates the role of allies' conferences, in providing support to the Soviet Union (January 1943 - December 1943 . ( Chapter four discusses the position of the Allies of the Soviet victories over German forces and Stalin's demands at the Potsdam conference held in (1944 - 1945). Our most important conclusion is that the military and logistical assistance provided by the Allies played a major role in the Soviet resistance against the German invasion of their lands.

الطيران المدني العراقي 1933 - 1979 : دراسة تاريخية == Iraqi Civil Aviation (1933 - 1979)A Historical Study )

Author name: فلاح حسن عاتي البهادلي
Supervisor name: ياسين طه ياسين الهارون
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study focusses on civil aviation in Iraq to show its importance in the history of Iraq especially in keeping up with the global developments and international relations. It consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter introduces civil aviation. It reviews the establishment and development of civil aviation in the world, focusing on the development of civil aviation in Britain and the beginnings of its entry into Iraq until 1932.The second chapter covers the role of Britain in the establishment of civil airports in Iraq between 1933 and 1939. It tackles how Britain has used its military airports for civil purposes. It also discusses the establishment of civil airports in Baghdad and Basrah through the cooperation between Iraq and Britain.The third chapter deals with Iraqi civil aviation between the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 and the fall of the Monarchy in 1958. Moreover, it touches on the impact of the Second World War on the activity of that aviation. Particularly, it emphasizes the development of the aviation after that war when a new stage has been established for the Iraqi Airways through the development of civil aviation at the international level. The fourth chapter reviews the development of civil aviation between 1958 - 1979. It tries to explain the effect of political developments in Iraq following the fall of the Monarchy in 1958 and its impact on civil aviation. It then comments on the development of civil aviation at the national and international levels during the first Republican Era (1958 - 1968) and the second Republican Era (1968 - 1979). The Study ends up with a number of conclusions

العلاقات التركية المصرية 1980 - 1993 : دراسة تاريخية == Turkish - Egyptian Relations 1980 - 1993 (Historical study

Author name: عمار عبد الرضا ماهود الزبيدي
Supervisor name: طيبة خلف عبد الله
General topic: History
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: الاقليمي في المنطقة, وتجمع بينهما مجموعة صفات متقاربة او مشتركة, فمن حيث الموقع الجغرافي يتمتع البلدان بموقع جغرافي ممتاز, له اهميته الجيوسياسية في منطقة مهمة واستراتيجية من العالم, هي منطقة الشرق الاوسط, وهما البلدان الوحيدان في المنطقة اللذان لهما امتدادات في قارتين؛ فاراضي تركيا تتوزع بين اسيا واوربا, وتشكل حلقة اتصال بينهما, وكذلك مصر التي تمتد اراضيها في قارتي افريقيا واسيا, كذلك يمتلك البلدان سواحل طويلة على البحر المتوسط, كل ذلك جعل البلدين يتمتعان باهمية بالغة في الشرق الاوسط. ان النظام السياسي في كلا البلدين نظام جمهوري, تلعب فيه المؤسسة العسكرية دورا بارزا, وتولى ضباط الجيش منصب رئاسة الجمهورية, مع وجود رئيس للحكومة عادة ما يكون مدنيا, يتولى ادارة شؤون البلاد الداخلية والخارجية, فضلا عن انهما من البلدان النامية, وتشكل الزراعة فيهما النشاط الاقتصادي الرئيس للسكان, وانهما يعانيان من مشاكل اقتصادية متشابهة متمثلة في التضخم, وزيادة المديونية الخارجية, لذلك اتبعا مجموعة نظم واجراءات اقتصادية, من اجل التخلص من هذه المشاكل, فضلا عن ذلك هنالك تماثل في التكوين الاجتماعي, وفي عدد السكان في البلدين, والتداخل الديموغرافي بين ابناء الشعبين (التركي والمصري), فهناك مصريون من اصول تركية, وهناك اتراك من اصول عربية مصرية. اضف الى ذلك كون البلدين يرتبطان بعلاقة متميزة مع الولايات المتحدة الامريكية طيلة المدة التي هي قيد الدراسة, وكانا اكثر بلدين يتلقيان مساعدات اقتصادية منها بعد "اسرائيل" من الولايات المتحدة الامريكية, كذلك يرتبطان دون غيرهما من البلدان الاسلامية, بعلاقات دبلوماسية جيدة مع "اسرائيل" في هذه المدة. كل هذا التشابه بين البلدين وغيره, دفع الباحث الى اختيار الموضوع, فضلا عن افتقار المكتبات في الجامعات العراقية والتركية والمصرية, الى دراسة اكاديمية تتناول بحث العلاقات التركية المصرية, وتحليلها في المدة 1980 - 1993, تقف على نقاط التشابه التي تم ذكرها, ودورها في تنمية العلاقات بين البلدين في مختلف الجوانب. اما سبب تحديد عام 1980 لبدء الدارسة فيكمن في ان العلاقات التركية المصرية شهدت الانطلاقة الحقيقية نحو التطور في هذا العام, بعد تسلم كنعان ايفرين رئاسة الجمهورية التركية, على اثر الانقلاب العسكري في الثاني عشر من ايلول 1980, وسعيه الى توثيق علاقات تركيا مع الدول العربية, والدور الذي لعبه توركوت اوزال في توجه تركيا نحو مصر وباقي الدول العربية, سواء عندما كان رئيسا للوزراء على دورتين (1983 - 1989), ام بعد توليه رئاسة الجمهورية (1989 - 1993), وقد توقفنا في البحث عند عام 1993؛ لانه يمثل سنة وفاة توركوت اوزال الذي كان له دور الرئيس في تطوير سياسة تركيا الداخلية والخارجية, وعلاقاتها السياسية والاقتصاد مع مصر وباقي الدول العربية, وبذلك انتهت الحقبة الاوزولية التي امتدت من عام 1983 حتى عام 1993. وقد اعتمد الباحث في تقسيم الدارسة على وحدة الموضوع, مع مراعاة المنهج التاريخي بما يتطلب من تتبع للاحداث والوقائع المختلفة، حسب التسلسل التاريخي, مما يجعل التعمق في بحث الاحوال والمؤثرات التاريخية امرا ضروريا؛ لفهم تطور العلاقات التركية المصرية, ولذا كان ترتيب الفصول على الشكل الاتي : الفصل الاول, تناولت فيه طبيعة العلاقات التركية المصرية قبل عام 1980, وهو فصل تمهيدي, يعرض بالبحث والتحليل العلاقات التركية المصرية منذ قيام النظام الجمهوري في مصر عام 1952, واسباب توتر العلاقات التركية المصرية في هذه المدة حتى عام 1965, ثم دراسة العوامل التي دفعت تركيا الى تغيير سياستها تجاه مصر وباقي الدول العربية, ومراحل تحسن العلاقات بين البلدين, وصولا الى عام 1980, كذلك تناول الفصل تطور العلاقات التركية المصرية في المجال الاقتصادي, والعلمي, والثقافي, والصحي, في هذه المدة. اما الفصل الثاني فقد تناول تطور العلاقات السياسية بين البلدين في المدة 1980 - 1993, والعوامل التي ادت الى هذا التطور في العلاقات, وتبادل الزيارات الرسمية بينهما على اعلى المستويات, في مدة حكم كنعان ايفرين (1980 - 1989), ومدة حكم توركوت اوزال (1989 - 1993). اما الفصل الثالث فقد تناول مجالات التعاون بين تركيا ومصر (1980 - 1993), التي اشتملت على خمسة محاور هي : المحور الاول, ويناقش المجال الاقتصادي والمسوغات التي ادت الى انفتاح البلدين نحو بعضهما, من اجل زيادة مجالات التعاون الاقتصادي بينهما في مختلف المستويات، سواء التجاري منها ام السياحي، او في مجال الصناعة (المدنية, والعسكرية), وكذلك في مجال الانشاءات والمقاولات. اما المحور الثاني فقد تناول جانب التعاون في مجال النقل البحري والجوي بين البلدين. في حين يرصد المحور الثالث التعاون في مجال مشاريع الطاقة الكهربائية وغيرها. وعاين المحور الرابع التعاون في المجال القضائي، واحكام المسجونين, والمعتقلين, اما المحور الاخير فقد رصد التعاون في المجال الثقافي والعلمي، وكذلك مجال الاذاعة والتلفزيون. اما الفصل الرابع فقد وقف فيه الباحث على موضوع مهم, كان له انعكاساته على تطور العلاقات بين البلدين في مختلف المجالات, وهو موقف تركيا ومصر من القضايا الاقليمية, وقد ركزنا فقط على القضايا الاقليمية التي شهدت اهتماما مشتركا من قبل البلدين, وكان لهما موقف مشترك او متباين منها, ومدى تعاونهما مع بعضهما؛ لايجاد حلول لبعض هذه القضايا, واهم هذه القضايا التي تم تناولها هي : حرب الخليج الاولى (1980 - 1988), والصراع العربي "الاسرائيلي", المتمثل في هذه المدة بتطورات القضية الفلسطينية, والاجتياح "الاسرائيلي" للبنان في عام 1982, وتطورات القضية القبرصية, اضافة الى ازمة الخليج (1990 - 1991), واخيرا الحرب في البوسنة والهرسك عام 1992, وعلى الرغم من ان هذه الموضوعات هي موضوعات سياسية, الا انها تعد خارجة عن موضوع تطور العلاقات السياسية بين البلدين؛ لانها تمثل قضايا اقليمية كان لتركيا ومصر موقف منها, لذا تم تناولها في فصل خاص, ولم تدمج مع الفصل الثاني من الاطروحة. ثم تلت هذه الفصول خاتمة, ضمنها الباحث اهم النتائج التي تمخضت عنها الدراسة. اعتمدت فصول الدراسة على مجموعة كبيرة من المصادر الاصيلة، ياتي في مقدمتها عدد غير قليل من الوثائق التركية غير المنشورة، المحفوظة في ارشيف الدولة التركية في انقرة (Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü), فضلا عن مجموعة من الوثائق التركية المنشورة في الجريدة الرسمية التركية (Resmi Gazete)، وهي جريدة معنية بنشر الاتفاقيات الدولية والقوانين بعد مصادقتها من قبل رئيس الجمهورية, هذا فيما يخص الوثائق التركية التي اعتمدتها الدراسة، اما الوثائق المصرية فقد اطلعت على الاتفاقيات والبروتوكولات بين مصر وتركيا, المنشورة في الجريدة الرسمية المصرية, والتي تصدر عن مركز المعلومات والتوثيق ودعم اتخاذ القرار في الهيئة العامة لشؤون المطابع الاميرية في امبابة في محافظة الجيزة، اذ تنشر هذه الجريدة جميع الاتفاقيات والبروتوكولات التي توقعها مصر مع دول العالم بعد مصادقة رئيس الجمهورية عليها، وموافقة وزير الخارجية على نشرها, فضلا عن التقارير الصادرة عن المؤسسات الرسمية مثل الامم المتحدة, والبنك الدولي, وتقارير السفارات. كذلك اعتمدت فصول الاطروحة على عدد كبير من الكتب العربية والمعربة والكتب الاجنبية, التي رفدت الاطروحة بمعلومات مهمة, ومنها كتاب (التطورات المعاصرة في العلاقات العربية التركية) لمؤلفه خليل ابراهيم الناصري, ويعد من المصادر المهمة, اذ اعتمد المؤلف على عدد من المؤلفات التركية، والاجنبية, والكتاب في الاصل رسالة ماجستير في العلوم السياسية, ومن الكتب الاخرى المهمة كتاب (العلاقات العربية التركية) بجزئه الاول الذي كان من منظور عربي وصدر عن معهد البحوث والدراسات العربية التابع لجامعة الدول العربية عام 1991, اما في جزئه الثاني فقد كتب من منظور تركي, وصدر عن معهد البحوث والدراسات العربية, بالتعاون مع مركز الابحاث للتاريخ والفنون والثقافة الاسلامية باسطنبول عام 1993, والكتاب عبارة عن مجموعة بحوث تناولت مختلف جوانب العلاقات التركية العربية, وما يؤخذ على الكتاب ان بعض تواريخ الاحداث الواردة فيه غير دقيقة, وكذلك بعض الاسماء, الامر الذي دفع الباحث الى الرجوع للجرائد؛ من اجل التاكد من تواريخ الاحداث. ومن الكتب المهمة مؤلفات الدكتور جلال عبد الله معوض, منها كتاب (صناعة القرار في تركيا والعلاقات العربية - التركية), وهو كتاب يوضح كثيرا من خبايا وتوجهات السياسة التركية, على الرغم من ان معظم فصول الكتاب تقع خارج نطاق البحث، وكتاب (قضايا العلاقات المصرية التركية), وهذا الكتاب ذو طبيعة سياسية, اعتمد فيه المؤلف على التحليل السياسي للمواقف, الا انه ذكر بعض الجوانب التاريخية في العلاقات بين البلدين, وكذلك مؤلفات الدكتور احمد نوري النعيمي, ومنها كتاب تركيا وحلف شمال الاطلسي، وهو كتاب يتناول بالبحث والتحليل موقع تركيا في حلف شمال الاطلسي واسباب انضمام تركيا لهذا الحلف, وكذلك مؤلفات الدكتور عوني عبد الرحمن السبعاوي، ومؤلفات الدكتور ابراهيم الداقوقي, وغيرهم، وتاتي اهمية هذه الدراسات في كونها مؤلفات متخصصة في عدة مجالات من شؤون تركيا. واستعان الباحث بعدد من الرسائل والاطاريح الجامعية، كانت في مقدمتها اطروحة اميرة محمد كامل الخربوطلي، الموسومة بـ(العلاقات المصرية - التركية 1952 - 1971), والتي نوقشت في كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية - جامعة القاهرة عام 1979, ومنهج كتابة الاطروحة كان منهجا سياسيا وليس منهجا تاريخيا, لكني افدت منها في معرفة خلفيات العلاقات التركية المصرية, واستعنت برسالة احمد نوري النعيمي (السياسة الخارجية التركية بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية) وهي رسالة ماجستير اعتمدت على الصحافة بالدرجة الاساس وتصل لغاية عام 1975، وكذلك اطروحة احمد جاسم الطائي (موقف تركيا من قضايا المشرق العربي 1967 - 1978), فقد اشار فيها الى جوانب يمكن الافادة منها؛ لفهم العلاقات التركية المصرية, ورسالة الماجستير للباحث زياد عزيز حميد الجلبي، (السياسة الخارجية التركية 1973 - 1983) وغيرها, وقد افاد منها الباحث في الفصل الاول من الاطروحة فقط. كما شكلت البحوث المعتمدة في المؤتمرات العلمية والبحوث المنشورة في الدوريات العربية، مرتكزا اخر افاد منه الباحث في كتابة اطروحته, اذ قدمت الابحاث والدراسات معلومات قيمة عن العلاقات التركية العربية بشكل عام, وتاتي في طليعتها البحوث المنشورة في مجلة السياسة الدولية الصادرة عن مركز الاهرام, كذلك اعتمد الباحث بشكل كبير على الشهريات الموجودة في مجلة السياسة الدولية, كدليل لمعرفة الزيارات المتبادلة وتواريخها للبحث عنها, وعما دار فيها من مباحثات في الجرائد والمصادر الاخرى, كما ان مجلة السياسة الدولية كانت تعنى ايضا بنشر بعض الملفات الوثائقية عن بعض الاحداث المهمة. اما الجرائد والمجلات العربية والتركية والاجنبية, المحفوظة في دار الكتب والوثائق القومية في القاهرة, او في المكتبة الوطنية (Milli Kütüphane) في انقرة, او في دار الكتب والوثائق الوطنية في بغداد, او في مركز الدراسات الاستراتيجية في بغداد, فقد شكلت رافدا مهما من روافد الاطروحة؛ اذ اعتمد عليها الباحث اعتمادا كبيرا في توثيق الزيارات والمباحثات التي جرت بين البلدين, فقد كانت هذه الجرائد حريصة على متابعة الاحداث والمواضيع وتطوراتها, وما نتج عنها, وقد اعتمد الباحث في اغلب المواضيع على اكثر من صحيفة, ومن مختلف التوجهات؛ من اجل الوصول الى دقة المعلومة, واهم هذه الجرائد هي جريدة الاهرام المصرية, واضواء الانباء التركية, و(Milliyet) وغيرها من الجرائد. وكان للمواقع الالكترونية الموثقة اثر مهم في تزويد الاطروحة ببعض الوثائق والمعلومات, مثل موقع الامم المتحدة, وموقع مقاتل من الصحراء, وموقع عالم المعرفة وغيرها من المواقع الالكترونية . وفي الحقيقة ان هذا الجهد الذي بذل من قبل الباحث قد واجه عدة صعوبات, متعارف عليها عند اغلب الطلبة والباحثين, منها عدم اهتمام وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي في تذليل العقبات امام الطلبة؛ من اجل الحصول على الوثائق والمصادر من خارج العراق, فيبقى الطالب معتمدا على جهده الذاتي وعلاقاته الشخصية؛ من اجل الحصول على وثيقة, او كتاب نادر. ولم يدخر الباحث جهدا او مالا في سبيل ذلك, اذ قام بعدة سفرات في داخل العراق وخارجه, شملت عددا من المدن التركية والمصرية لاكثر من مرة, فضلا عن المدن العراقية, يقتفي اثر المعلومة؛ من اجل سد الثغرات, وكنت اعمل بشكل دؤوب في المكتبات التركية والمصرية لساعات طوال, باحثا في صفحات المجلات والجرائد وناقلا منها, اذ ان بعض المكتبات تمنع استعمال تقنية التصوير بكل انواعه, اما الوثائق المصرية غير المنشورة فلا يحق للباحث الاطلاع عليها, الا بعد الحصول على موافقة وزير الخارجية حصرا, وبتزكية من احد الاساتذة الجامعيين المصريين, وبعد مدة انتظار قد تصل الى اكثر من خمسة شهور, لا يتمكن الباحث من الاطلاع على جميع الوثائق التي يرغب في الحصول عليها. والشيْ الاخر الذي يدعو الى الاسى هو وجود عدة تقارير وجرائد تخص علاقة تركيا مع الدول العربية, كانت متوفرة في مكتبة مركز الدراسات الاقليمية في جامعة الموصل, ولكنها فقدت او اتلفت بعد سيطرة (داعش) على المدينة عام 2014, وعلى الرغم من كثرة الاتصالات مع بعض الاصدقاء لم اتمكن من الحصول الا على نزر يسير منها . وختاما فعلى الرغم مما بذله الباحث من جهد في اعداد هذه الدراسة، ومهما بلغ حرصه على دقتها, فانه لا يدعي الكمال فيما كتب, فالكمال لله وحده، وما اضافه من نتائج اعتمد فيها على ما توفر عليه من وثائق ومصادر علمية. وغاية ما يرجوه ان يكون قد وفق في متابعة موضوع بحثه, وان تحظى الاطروحة برضا الاساتذة الكرام، وان تكون جديرة بان تحتل مكانتها في المكتبة التاريخية العراقية ... والله الموفق . | Turkey and Egypt are considered among the most important countries in the Middle East. They share a common set of characteristics, in terms of the geographical location, the nature of political regime and economic system, the social formation, the population and so on. Both have an excellent geopolitical location which have an important geopolitical Area. Whereas the Turkish grounds lay between the continents of Asia and Europe it form a link between them, Also Egypt in which its grounds lay in Africa and Asian Areas and it forms as an important link between the ancient continents of the world (Asia, Africa, and Europe). As well both have long beaches on the Mediterranean sea. All of what mentioned above makes both countries among the most important countries of the Middle East . The political regime in both countries is a republican, and in such regime, The position of presidency should be assumed by Army officers with a head of government usually a civilian, manages the internal and external affairs of the country. As both countries are related to the growing countries in which agriculture is the main source of economy of their peoples, And both countries are suffering from economic problems, such as inflation and increasing external indebtedness. Both countries have a special relationship with the USA in the period of studied, and they were getting great economic support from the USA. The support comes in the second class, after "Israel" In addition both countries have a good diplomatic relationship with "Israel'' - that the other Islamic countries. All that similarity between the two countries, pushes the researcher to choose such a subject, to find out the similarity which has been mentioned, above and its role in growing the relation between the two countries. The researcher has divided the study depending on the unity of the subject, with observance of historical method, which is required to follow different events and attitudes according to historical sequence. And this is what makes going deeply into conditions and influences is very necessary to understand the development of Turkish - Egyptian relations. Therefore, the order of the chapters is as follows : Chapter I : The nature of Turkish - Egyptian relations until 1980Chapter II : Development of Turkish - Egyptian Political Relations 1980 - 1993Chapter III : Areas of Cooperation between Turkey and Egypt 1980 - 1993Chapter IV : The Attitude of Turkey and Egypt form The Regional Issues 1980 - 1993. The most important conclusions which have been reached by the researcher are that relations between both countries have developed relatively since 1965 and until the end of seventies, But the relations between them haven't reach advanced stages and the stage of coordination in attitudes and trends, only in the eighties and early nineties of the last century, This is reflected in the frequent visits between officials of the two countries at the highest levels, cooperation in the economic fields, the field of transport, the field of justice, the field of culture and other fields, as well as in the coordination of positions, either individually or through the Organization and the Conference. The Islamic, the United Nations. Turkey's drive towards Egypt was mainly due to two factors : the first is political; Turkey's attempt to obtain a supportive position in the Cyprus issue from the Arab and Islamic countries and the Non - Aligned Movement. Turkey was an important gateway to Egypt; to influence the positions of these countries, The economic factor was a major factor in the development of Turkish - Egyptian relations during this period. It was also the most active in the relations between the two countries because of the problems Economy Suffering from both countries. However, the economic relations between Turkey and Egypt have not reached an advanced stage compared to other Arab countries, Iraq, Libya and Saudi Arabia were the most economically connected countries with Turkey. The reason for this is that Turkey and Egypt were competing in some Economic fields. It is clear here that the process of making foreign political decision in the Turkish state has been subject to several variables internal, regional and international, has been determined the process of issuing in accordance with Turkey's political relations and economic interests with those determinants

القزلباش ودورهم العسكري والسياسي في ايران 1500 - 1629 == The Kizilbash And Their Military And Political Role In Iran 1500 - 1629 AD

Author name: شهد عبد الرزاق محمد
Supervisor name: مشعل مفرح ظاهر العونان
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The Iranian studies have been major focus of many Iraqi researchers, and it was for many reasons including geographical proximity, ease of travel to Iran, visit Iranian libraries, and can be utilized and accessing books, and many other factors, the subject of QIZILBASH and their political and military role in Iran during 1500 - 1629 AD is considered from the subjects that assumed its importance from the importance of the state exitance itself of being THE FIRST that had arisen in Iran during the modern times, and QIZILBASH are the pillars of that state, they had been a huge role of its formation by their standing with SHAH ISMAIL THE FIRST and their assistant of SAFAVID statehood and consolidation, therefore the study of QIZILBASH have made on the political and military levels, many of political and events and developments during that time, reveals about the nature of those tribes, their numbers and how they did join to the SAFAVID state, and then engaged them to SAFAVID state politically and military during holding administrative and military positions in the SAFAVID state, where the thesis discusses many important events during that time with the QIZILBASH were for many times had an important role in it, where those events represent by rebel movement and separation who they are part of Qizilbash, and another part had eliminated it, besides, they undertake to take power effectively and they cancelled the role of SAFAVID SHAHAT and limiting them on the nominal power only, as it happened during both the SHAH ISMAIL the second and MOHAMMAD KHODABANDA eras even they forced him to abdicate to SHAH ABBAS THE GREAT, therefore we chose to study them in detail to know about their influence on the SAFAVID society and SAFAVID state. Starting from there huge role in SHAH ISMAIL SAFAVID era towards SHAH ABBAS THE GREAT era and2downsizing their role and establish an alternative army of them known as “SHAHSYOON”.Based on the foregoing, the letter is divided into three chapters preceding a study of important reasons of research, in preparation for it, followed by conclusion, appendixes, resource list and references, which they made a preparation entitled a “Geography of QIZILBASH home”, and I have addressed many subjects which the first one was the geography of QIZILBASH home which it has the famous cities which they stayed at it and they appeared from it inside every tribe separately. Then spoke about the modern mini - states of those tribes and the role of each of emergence of appearing of QIZILBASH tribes on the political drama.First Chapter : It comes under the heading of appearance of SAFAVID state, I was addressing the introduction of this chapter, the founders of SAFAVID state from SAFI ADDIN ARDABILI to SHAH IMAIL THE FIRST then I have addressed the role of the QIZILBASH about installation the SHAH ISMAIL THE FIRST on the throne and then elimination on the internal rebellion in his era access to conducting them the Battle of CHALDIRAN in 1514 with the Ottoman Empire.Second Chapter : It is addressing the political situations after Battle of CHALDIRAN access to installation of SHAH TAHMASP THE FIRST on the thrown and then we address the role of SHAH TAHMASP about his struggle against Qizilbash, and then the conflict of QIZILBASH at the end of the life of SHAH TAHMASP THE FIRST access to SHAH ABBAS THE FIRST.3Third Chapter : It is addressing SHAH ABBAS THE GREAT and how he was establishing an alternative army of the QIZILBASH and resizing their influence, and then addresses the important positions that existed in the SAFAVID state during 1500 - 1629 A.D.In conclusion, I have addressed a presentation of the most remarkable results that I figured it out and issues I have discussed. The French researcher well - known Rojer SAVORY and his researches, live a book “My investigation in the Iran SAFAVID era history” (collections of essays) which had been translated and commented on it by : ABBAS QUILI GHAFARI and MOHAMMED BAQIR ARAM and their book of “Iran under the SAFAVID” or “Iran under SAFAVID” and SAVORY is a specialist of SAFAVID studies, so he enriched the thesis which most its pages covered with important information.Most importantly “The administrative institutions of SAFAVID governments”, also a book of “History of Persia” by Sir PERCY SYKES the author reviewed the history of Iran generally, also the book of “The fall of the SAFAVID dynasty and the AFGHAN occupation of Persia” by LAURENCE LOCKHART, and the professor LOCKHART if from the specialist Iran history studies and his book almost from the important studies which have presented about analysis of SAFAVIDs state collapse and he wrote many essays about the Persian army in the SAFAVID times, and Persian cities.Accordingly, sources have confirmed the historical importance of QIZILBASH in the SAFAVID state at both on the political and military levels by providing us with valuable and important information about political and military influence in the SAFAVID state from its very beginning until beginning of SHAH ABBAS THE GREAT era , collapse their influence and reducing their numbers.

دور عبد الحسين الجلبي السياسي في العراق 1921 - 1939 == The political Role of Abdul Hussein Alchalabi in Iraq (1877 - 1939)

Author name: سيف معتز عمر المناصير
Supervisor name: انور جاسب شنته الطريف
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis studies the life and character of the late diseased Abdul Hussein AlChalbi, a prominent merchant from a wealth family, known for its merchandise in Kadhumiaya. He was one of the fifteen delegates, wo met with the General Secretary of the Civil Governor to help Iraqi people achieve what they have long hoped for; namely forming a national government. Alchalabi held several ministerial positions in the Iraqi government during the reign of Kink Faisal and King Ghazi. He was also prominent figure when the Iraqi government was once established during the royal era. He was also a well - known academic figure who had played a significant role in promoting knowledge and education. Since then, the Iraqi government was under the British mandate and it was in a badly need for such figures to fill the ministerial formations with people to which they show obedience and loyalty, for the development of the political process and for the common good.The current study comprises an introductory part and it is fallen under three main chapters : the first chapter consists of three sections, and the second and third chapters consist of two sections each and a concluding part. His autobiography, character, qualities and his stand in the elimination of the massive Wahhabist influences in Iraq in the 1920s by Faisal AlDoweish, and the supports he showed for the Iraqi government are discussed in chapter one. This chapter also highlights the establishment of the Iraqi national party. Alchalabi was one of the influential founding bodies to get an approval from the Iraqi government for the establishment of the Iraqi National party, he is a member of the Alahad part as well.The second chapter sheds light on the ministries that were taken over during his inauguration in the Iraqi ministries, including the Ministry ofAbstractBEducation, which was filled eight times : the first in 1922; the second in March 1925; the third in June 1925, the fourth in September 1929, the fifth in November 1929, the sixth and the seventh in October 1931; and the eighth one in March 1935. The Ministry of Telecommunication that was taken over in between 1925 and 1926, the Ministry of Agriculture, which was taken over twice in the first 1927, and the second per procuration in 1930. These years, during the period of his administration, were characterized by extraordinary achievements that aimed to contribute clearly to the political, economic and social construction of the public interest and the Iraqi government in particular.The third chapter discusses Alchalabi's political role in terms of the House of Representatives and his vital participation in the approval and vote in many of the legislations that were being deliberated by members of the House of Representatives, for the first electoral cycle on 16 July 1925 - 28 January 1928, as member of the chamber of Deputies for the second round of elections on 19 May 1928 - 1 July 1930, and as a member of the Chamber of Deputies for the third election session on 1 November 1930 - 4. This chapter also exposes the role of Abdul Hussain Chalabi in the senate and his presidency of the financial and economic committees in approving and rejecting the regulations that are circulated by the members of the senate, where he was a member of the senate from November 1933 until his death on the 11th of March 1939

الاحزاب البرلمانية في العراق 1925 - 1935 : حزب الوحدة الوطنية نموذجا == Parliamentary Parties in Iraq 1921 - 1935 : National Unity Party as an Example

Author name: رقية سلمان عبد الكريم عبد الواحد العيسى
Supervisor name: فاروق صالح العمر
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: During the last Ottoman era, Iraq witnessed the formation of various parties and associations that had been active in the political arena. The events of the First World War, the declaration of the British Mandate on Iraq in April, and the resulting political and military developments, most notably (thawratl cshreen) the revolution of the twentieth ,the subsequent events , great results in the partisan life and the public opinion in the country had led to the establishment of the provisional government (The first Naqeebi goverment) and the proclamation of the monarchy in Iraq after the inauguration of Prince Faisal bin al - Hussein as King of Iraq on August 23, 1921 provided the opportunity for opposition and government political parties to engage in politics and its affairs. Amongst these parties was the National Unity Party, Which was approved on 6 December 1934 and which is the subject of the study.The National Unity Party was formed during the accession of Ali Jawdat Al - Ayoubi as prime minister in 1934. In fact, the purpose of its establishment is to support himself in ruling the country and to stand against the opposition, which was led by the National Brotherhood Party. The period during which the party was formed was a critical period in which movements and tribal uprisings that took place during the period 1934 - 1935 during which the tribal force became a deterrent force used in politics, and in overthrowing governments and a manifestation of the loss of stability in Iraq.bThe study consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion as well as a number of appendices.Chapter one which is entitled Iraq Political Development is of two sections : the first deals with the British occupation of Iraq and the movements which took place in the Iraqi cities to combat this occupation ; the second touched upon the beginning of the partisan life in Iraq and the parties and associations that emerged after the legislation of the law of establishing of associations.Chapter two which is entitled Parliamentary Parties 1925 - 1935, was divided into two sections. The first deals with the parliamentary parties 1925 - 1930 and Britain's goal of implementing the parliamentary system in Iraq. The second section deals with the political parties 1930 - 1935 , the first of which is the Iraqi Covenant Party ( hizbl - ahadl - craqi) which was formed on October 13, 1930 was established by Noori Al - Saeed after being a prime minister, the second is the National Brotherhood Party led by Yaseen Al - Hashmi the opposing party to Noori Al - Saeed government. The two parties were approved by the ministry of interior in the same month. The chapter then ended in how the Brotherhood Party became the ruling party.Chapter three with the title The National Unity Party and the Formation of Al - Ayoubi Government is the subject upon which the study is built. It consists of two sections, the first deals with the first government of Al - Ayoubi which was formed on August 27 , 1934 , its most achievements, the reasons beyond its establishment, the general attitude towards it, its plans, the inner system of the party, and the founders of the party who lacked Political consensus. The second section touched upon the tribal movements which were the results of several factors most notably, the personal conflict between thecpolitical leaders and the political opposition; this of course had led to the emergence of two blocsstruggling to win power; it had also led to the division of the tribes, each supports a political bloc against the other.As required by the historical research approach, the conclusion is devoted to presenting the most important findings of the research followed by a followed by a list of sources and references that were used in writing this research. The forefront of them are the works of my supervisor Professor Farouk Saleh Al - Omar of which is his book entitled the Partisan Life between the two Wars; the Political Parties in Iraq 1921 - 1932. This is in addition to the works of Abdulrazaq Al - Hassani of which are History of the Iraqi Political Parties and Iraq during the Periods of British Occupation and Mandatory which is of two volumes. This is in addition to theses, dissertations, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias, translated books which all helped enrich the work with valuable information.

كباشي السعد 1866 - 1929م : دراسة تاريخية

Author name: رائد محمد لزم
Supervisor name: انور جاسب شنته الطريف
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
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