Author name:
سارة جعفر سعدون الازيرجاوي
Supervisor name:
جاسم محمد احمد الكلبي
Abstract:
اجريت الدراسة الحالية في البيت الحيواني لكلية الطب البيطري / جامعة البصرة خلال الفترة الممتدة من 22/2/2013 الى 1/6/2013. لتقييم التاثيرات الصميه والتكاثرية لمعطلات الغدد الصم وايجاد الرابط بينهما في الذكور البالغة. استخدم في هذه الدراسة عقارين : بروبيل | The present study was carried out in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine /University of Basrah during the period extending from 22/2/2013 to 1/6/2013. To evaluate the endocrine and the reproductive effects of endocrine disruptors chemicals and find the link between them in adult male rats. This study was done using two drugs : propylthiouracil (PTU) and flutamide (FLU) (anti - thyroid and anti - androgen agents) respectively, as a model of endocrine disruptors; to reveal their effects, they were used separately and in co - treatment manner for the first time using adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus) as animal models. For this purpose the study was divided into two experiments : The first experiment : forty adult male rats weighed (146 - 200) gm were divided into four equal groups (10 rats/group). The first group (control) was administered 0.3 ml/rat of distilled water, the second group was administered (PTU) (15mg/ kg B.W), the third group was administered (FLU) (37.5 mg/ kg B.W), and the fourth group was administered (PTU+ FLU) (15mg/kg + 37.5 mg/kg B.W ) respectively, in co - treatment dose. The treatments extended for 45 days; in the end of experiment the rats were euthanized and blood was collected and stored for hormonal and biochemical parameters and some of internal organs were weighed and kept in 10% formalin for histological examination. The results of the first experiment revealed the following : 1 - A significant decrease (P?0.05) in body weight gain in 2nd and 3rd periods (The animals were weighed four times in the begining of the experiment and every 15 days till the end of the experiment) in PTU and PTU+FLU treated groups.2 - A hypothyroidism state were induced after treatment with PTU and PTU+FLU by significant decrease (P?0.05) of Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) and significant increase (P?0.05) of TSH.3 - A significant decrease (P?0.05) in testosterone (T), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) of PTU group while a significant increase (P?0.05) in T, FSH, and LH of FLU group. Moreover a significant decrease (P?0.05) in T and LH of PTU+FLU group occurred.4 - A significant increase (P?0.05) in Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) in all treatments, except in FLU no significant change has been observed in ALT. 5 - A significant increase (P?0.05) in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein in all treatment, while, there was a significant decrease (P?0.05) in high density lipoprotein in all treatments as well.6 - A significant decrease (P?0.05) in serum glucose and a significant increase (P?0.05) in total protein in PTU and PTU+FLU groups, while, a significant decrease (P?0.05) in total protein of FLU group occurred.7 - A significant decrease (P?0.05) in sperm count of FLU and PTU+FLU groups. And a significant decrease (P?0.05) in individual motility in all treatments, while, a significant increase (P?0.05) in dead and abnormal sperm was observed in all treatments.8 - A significant increase (P?0.05) in thyroid relative weight of PTU and PTU+FLU groups and a significant increase (P?0.05) in liver relative weight in all treatments, while, a significant decrease (P?0.05) in kidney relative weight of PTU and PTU+FLU groups observed. Prostate relative weight significantly decrease (P?0.05) in FLU group and seminal vesicles relative weight significantly decrease (P?0.05) in FLU and PTU+FLU groups.9 - At the end of experiment six rats of each group was sacrificed and some of internal organs has been removed for histopathological examination and it was revealed changes as follows : 1 - Thyroid gland of PTU and PTU+FLU groups show increased number of different sizes of thyroid follicles with some vacuolation of colloid. Some follicles are misshaped. 2 - Testis of PTU group, most of seminiferous tubules are normal, a little number of them suffers from dilated lumen containing little number of spermatogonia and abnormal arrangement with degenerated Sertoli cells, little number of immature spermatid in the lumen, some vacuolation in the spermatogonia and edematous of interstitial tissue, FLU group shows clear degenerative changes in the Sertoli cells, there are few spermatogonia in some tubules and clear vacuolation in the cell with empty lumen (no spermatids). PTU+FLU group show most of the seminiferous tubules contain large number of spermatogonia but there are very thin irregular lining epitheliums, and nearly disappearance of interstitial tissue. 3 - Prostate of PTU group shows clear destructive changes in the lobules of the prostate. FLU group shows misshaped acini of the prostate lobules some of them are very enlarged and contain a large amount of secretion, others are empty with thickened irregular lining epithelium. Absence of inter acinar tissue, and PTU+FLU group show irregular shape of multiple number acini of the lobules of the prostate gland filled with shrinkage prostatic secretion. Moreover, the interstitial tissue between acini somewhat thickened with enlarged nuclei of many cells in addition to degeneration of others.4 - The liver of PTU group shows flattening of hepatocyte, clear enlargement of pyknotic nuclei and disarrangement of hepatic architecture, FLU show normal central vein, engorged with blood, disarrangement of hepatocyte architecture, and enlarged nuclei of hepatocyte. PTU+FLU show engorgement of central vein with clear flattening of hepatocyte containing enlarged nuclei.5 - The kidney of PTU group shows narrowing of lumen of renal tubules, engorgement of blood vessels, irregular sizes of glomeruli and different structure of their Bowman's capsule, FLU group shows a complete disappearance of Bowman's capsule of some glomeruli. Other glomeruli shows shrinkage and destructive changes of the content. The cuboidal epitheliums of the renal tubules shows some disarrangement of basement membrane with clear enlarged nuclei, and PTU+FLU group shows an irregular shape of renal tubules with absence of walls of the cuboidal lining epithelial cells with enlarged nuclei and shrinkage of Bowman's capsule of some glomerli. The second experiment : This experiment was carried out on 32 well experience female rats. They have been mated with 16 adult male rats which remained from the first experiment; they were divided into 4 groups : The first group : Untreated 8 female rats mated with 4 untreated male rats, the second group : Untreated 8 female rats mated with 4 treated male rats with PTU, the third group : Untreated 8 female rats mated with 4 treated male rats with FLU, the fourth group : Untreated 8 female rats mated with 4 cotreated male rats with PTU +FLU. The results of second experiment revealed a decrease in number of offspring as well as reduction in percentage of fertility and pregnancy rates.
