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دراسة المايكوبلازما المصاحبة لحالات العقم في الرجال في محافظة البصرة == Study of Mycoplasma associated with men infertility in Basrah province

Author name: زهراء كاتب جمعة
Supervisor name: غيداء جاسم عبد النبي الغزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aimed current was to determine the role of Mycoplasma in men infertility in Basrah province . A100 seminal fluid specimens were collected from men who were admitted to infertility center in Basrah province from 1/10/2015 to 31/5/2016 .Besides 50 semen specimens were collected from those who determine fertility men as control group. Samples then were cultured on Monophasic - Diphasic - Culture - Setup(MDCS) to isolation Mycoplasma then the samples were cultured on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Chocolate agar to isolation bacteria other than Mycoplasma .The isolated Mycoplasma from 48 cases were concluded five species : Ureaplasma urealyticum 38% ; Mycoplasma hominis 21%;Mycoplasma genitalium 15% ; Mycoplasma pirum 15% and Mycoplasma fermentans 11% . Where the last two species are first recorded in Iraq from semen.This Study also recorded that the patients of 30 - 39 years old were of high infertility rate and Mycoplasma infection percentage.High the percentage of a single infection was related to U. urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis .By using the double Vitek 2 system 22 other bacterial species were diagnosed from seminal fluid. some of these species were first recorded in Iraq and represented types next : Staphylococcus haemolyticus ,,Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus hominis , Staphylococcus warneri ,Kocuria rosea , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Kocuria kristinae ,Granulicatella elegans , Vibrio cholera , Aeromonas salmonicida ,Enterococcus faecium , Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae ,Alcaligenes faecalis , Staphylococcus xylosus , Micrococcus lutes ,Granulicatella adiacens, Kocuria varians,And the most exhibited and isolated bacterial species was of Staphylococcus haemolyticus.Mycoplasma infection were noticed in patients who were suffering from other diseases like varicose 18.75% and diabetes 8.33% and bladder nerve pressure 4.16% .In this study the primary infertility was 82% included 39 cases infected with Mycoplasma , while for the secondary infertility 18% nine cases were infected with Mycoplasma .High infection rate of Mycoplasma 69.23% was recorded in patients who underwent a varicose other Surgery compare with the other patients.Mycoplasma infection for the five species was clear quantity and quality in semen analysis for infertile men was less than control group .Where the semen volume was very small and the sperms count was effect on also the sperm morphology and activity (mobility) were affected by Mycoplasma infection . Pus cells and RBC. Were appeared in semen.This study also , confirmed that there is a 7% of semen from infertile men , was free from bacterial infection.

عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع من بكتريا المايكوبلازما من عينات سريرية في مدينة البصرة == Isolation and identification of some Mycoplasma species from clinical samples in Basrah city

Author name: رواء صادق مجيد
Supervisor name: غيداء جاسم عبد النبي الغزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In the present study , a total of 150 clinical samples were collected (50 samples of sputum ,50 swabs of gingiva and 50 vaginal swabs ) from patients visited Basrah general hospital and from the 1st specialized center of dental medicine in the city of Basrah . This study extended from January 2015 to May 2015. Samples were taken from males and females (except vaginal swabs where were collected from females only) .Their ages ranged from 6 - 70 years old. These samples were collected and cultured in a method monophasic - diphasic culture setup ( MDCS ) . Three types of Mycoplasma were isolated : Mycoplasma pneumoniae from sputum , Mycoplasma salivarium from gingival swabs and Ureaplasma urealyticum from vaginal swabs .These isolates diagnosed by biochemical tests and PCR. Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from 76 individuals out of 150 enrolled in this study, infection rate was 50.5% , 25 cases were diagnosed as M. pneumoniae (50%) , 13 cases were diagnosed as M. salivarium (26%) and 38 cases were diagnosed as U. urealyticum (76%).Mycoplasma was studied in related with two factors : sex and age . In this study, the Mycoplasma medium is modified , egg yolk was used instead of horse serum as source of cholesterol and also used two amino acids Arginine and Cysteine as well as urea ( when diagnosing U. urealyticum ) to support Mycoplasma growth. Besides that , thallium acetate was replaced by sodium benzoate , finally , magnesium sulfate was used as a sign of ammonia when diagnosing U. urealyticum.In this study , PCR technique used to diagnose species of Mycoplasma using ATPase gene ,16s rRNA gene and Urease gene .Sixty - eight isolates were identified by PCR technique , 25 of them were M. pneumoniae , 13 were M. salivarium and 32 were U. urealyticum.

دراسة مجتمعات اللافقريات القاعية الكبيرة في ثلاث بيئات مائية مختلفة في جنوب العراق == Synecology of Macrobenthic Invertebrates of Three Different Aquatic Habitat at Southern Iraq

Author name: رغد زيدان خلف
Supervisor name: هيفاء علي حمزة | مرتضى يوسف العباد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Invertebrates
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study aimed macrobenthic invertebrats communites in three different aquatic environments southern Iraq. Eight stations were chosen for this purpose, Four of them distinction by being with running water and affected with the tide of Arabian Gulf,these include two stations on each of Shatt Al - Arab River (Al - Mohamadiat and Al - Salihia) and east part of Al - Hammar marsh (Al - Burgah and multaqaa Al - Mashab and Al - Sallal).the other four stations were not affected with the tide and located on the central marshes, two stations on each of Aum Al - Showaich marsh (Al - Sibitia and Al - Badria) and Al - Chebaeish marsh (Abu Sobat and Al - Sihaqee).The samples of water and sediment were collected monthly during the period from April 2014 to March 2015.Some environmental factors for each station were measured these include air and water temperatures, pH ,electrical conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total dissolved soild, total hardness, Calcium, nitrate , reactive phosphate, sulphate, total organic carbon and soil texture. The macrobenthic invertebrates samples which collected by Three replicates monthly for each station were isolated and identified,then densities and relative abundance were calculated.Some ecological indices such as diversity, richness, evenness, dominance, beta diversity and similarity indices(qualitative and numerical) were studied. Canonical correspondence analysis was adopted to evaluate the effect of the measured environmental factors on the occurrence and density of the studied macrobenthic invertebrates.The results showed that the variables of the stations were ranged as below : Air temperature (12 - 44)C̊ ,while the water temperatures (10.6 - 35)C̊ , PH (7.5 - 9.1), EC (2.07 - 13.7) mS /cm, Turbidity (4.2 - 199) NTU, DO (5 - 11.5) mg/l , BOD5 (0.3 - 3.5)mg/l , TDS(1245 - 10220)mg/l , TH (531 - 2928) mg/l , Ca+2 (80.2 - 320)mg/l , NO3 - (0.26 - 15.25) mg/l , PO4 - 3 (0.032 - 2.9) mg/l , SO4 - 2 (250 - 910)mg/l , and for sediments : TOC (9.3 - 22.5)% and soil texture ranged between sandy silt to muddy silt.The total number of recorded taxes were 80,representing by 16 species belonging to Annalida, 36 genus to the Aquatic insects (28 genus of them were first record in the middle wetlands), 16 species to Crustacea and 12 species to Mullosca. The species Pomacea canaliculata was recorded for the first time from Shatt Al - Arab river. The recorded taxes were classified according to its occurrence periods into four classes : dominant, fluctuated, less abundant and rare.The monthly density of each taxa of macrobenthic invertebrate and for each main macrobenthic invertebrate group in all stations was calculated. The results revealed that the densities were ranged from( 0 - 7115, 0 - 485 , 0 - 703 and 0 - 1199) ind/m2 for the groups of annelid, aquatic insect, crustacean and mollusca respectively. While the total density of all macrobenthic invertebrate groups was ranged between( 0 - 7367) ind/m2.The results of annual relative abundance for each main macrobenthic invertebrate group in all study stations referred that the value 66.3% was recorded for the annelids, while the lowest one 6.1% was recorded for the aquatic insects. On the other hand, the annual relative abundance for each main group in each station was investigated, and was ranged between (0.9 - 68)% recorded in Shatt Al - Arab river stations for the groups of aquatic insects and annelids respectively,( 0.4 - 67)% recorded in east Hammar marsh stations for groups of water insects and mollusks respectively, and (1 - 82)% recorded in Middle marshes stations for the annelids. The annual relative abundance for total macrobenthic invertebrate group in all stations was ranged from (2 - 27)% recorded in Al - Sibitia and Al - Sihaqee stations respectively. The annual relative abundance for the species and genus which recorded during our study revealedthat all highest values (94, 96.58 and 100)% were recorded for the species Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri in stations of Shatt Al - Arab River, east Hammar marsh, and Middle marshes respectively.The monthly relative abundance for main macrobenthic invertebrate groups in all station was studied. The highest value which recorded from Shatt Al - Arab river stations (Al - Salihia station) was reached 95.8% and recorded for the annelids, while reached 100% either in east Hammar marsh stations(Al - Burgah) for the mollusks and in Middle marshes stations (Al - Sibitia) for the crustaceans.Some ecological indices for each for each main macrobenthic invertebrate group from all stations totally were calculated. About the spatial diversity the range of Shannon - Wiener diversity index were between 0 - 0.6674 for annelids, 0.8718 - 1.92 for aquatic insects,0.5404 - 1.917 for crustaceans and 0.3035 - 1.15 for mollusks, while were 1.076 - 2.085 for all the benthic groups totally.The values of Richness index were from 0 - 1.127 for annelids,0.778 - 3.683 for aquatic insects, 0.5212 - 2.104 for crustaceans and 0.2543 - 1.277 for mollusks, while were 2.321 - 5.225 for all the benthic groups totally. The values of Evenness index were ranged between 0 - 0.9629 for annelids,0.4649 - 0.7419 for aquatic insects ,0.3016 - 0.8327 for crustaceans, and were 0.2189 - 0.8974 for mollusks, while were 0.3121 - 0.77 for all benthic groups totally. The values of Dominance index were ranged from 0.6129 - 1 for annelids, 0.343 - 0.7736 for aquatic insects ,0.2991 - 0.8772 for crustaceans,0.5075 - 0.9845 for mollusks while were 0.2638 - 0.7762 for all benthic groups totally.About the temporal diversity the values of Shannon - Wiener diversity index were between 0 - 0.99 for annelids, 0 - 2.01 for aquatic insects, 0 - 1.5 for crustaceans and 0 - 1.637 for mollusks, while were 0 - 1.981 for all benthic groups totally. The values of Richness index were from 0 - 0.969 for annelids, 0 - 2.717 for aquatic insects, 0 - 1.314 for crustaceans and 0 - 731 for mollusks, whilewere 0 - 3.047 for all the benthic groups totally. The values of Evenness index were ranged between 0 - 1 for each of annelids, aquatic insects and crustaceans, and were 0 - 0.992 for mollusks, while were 0 - 971 for all benthic groups totally. The values of Dominance index were ranged from 0 - 1 for each of four benthic groups, while were 0.3 - 1 for all benthic groups totally.Whittaker Beta index between the three different aquatic habitats for each main macrobenthic invertebrate group was calculated. The lowest value 1.14 was recorded for the mollusks between the middle marsh of um Al - Shoowaich and Al - Chebaeish, and highest value 1.66 was recorded for the aquatic insects between the east Hammar marsh and marsh of Al - Chebaeish, while the index values for all groups of macrobenthic invertebrate totally were ranged from 1.33 between the Shatt Al - Arab river and east Hammar marsh to 1.54 between the Shatt Al - Arab river and marsh of Al - Chebaeish.Jaccard Similarity index for each main macrobenthic invertebrate group for each stations was calculated.The values of index for annelids were ranged from( 0 - 89)% the lowest value recorded between Al - Burgah and Al - Sibitia stations and the highest value between Al - Salihia and Multaqaa of Al - Mashab and Al - Sallal stations, for the aquatic insects the values of index between (8.3 - 46.7)% the lowest value between Al - Salihia and Al - Sibitia and the highest value between Al - Mohammediat and Al - Badria stations, for the crustaeceans values ranged(14.3 - 77.8)% the lowest value between Al - Mohammediat and Al - Badria stations while the highest value between Al - Sibitia and Al - Badria,and for mollusks were between(18 - 80)% the lowest value between Al - Mohammediat and Al - Burgah stations while the highest value between Multaqaa of Al - Mashab and Al - Sallal and Abo Sobat stations.The index for all macrobenthic invertebrate groups totally also calculated and its values were from (15 - 58.5)% recorded between Al - Mohammediat with Al - Sibitia stations and between Al - Mohammediat with Al - Salihia stations respectively.Bray - Curtis index was calculated monthly for each main macrobenthic invertebrate group in each stations .Also the Bray - Curtis index was calculated annually between stations and the results refer that the highest values as the following : 0.993 for the annelids between Al - Badria and Al - Sihaqee stations, 1 for the crustaceans between Al - Salihia and Al - Sibitia stations, and 0.96 for the mollusks between Al - Sibitia and Abo Sobat stations.The highest value for all benthic group totally was 0.983 between Al - Salihia and Abo Sobat stations.On other hand Bray - Curtis index was calculated for all macrobenthic invertebrate groups totally between the three aquatic habitats and the values were ranged from 0.5 recorded between the wetlands of um Al - Shoowaich and Al - Chebaeish to 0.875 recorded between the east Hammar marsh and wetlands of um Al - Shoowaich.The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) by using Canoco application revealed the clear effect of different ecological factors on numbers of the individuals and species of each group of macrobenthic invertebrate in all stations during the study period.

تاثير المركبات الثانوية لاوراق نبات كف مريم Vitex agnus - castus L.مع مبيد بولو500 في بعض جوانب الاداء الحيوي لذبابة التبغ البيضاءBemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera : Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) == Effect Of secondary Plant compounds of Vitex agnus - castus L. With PoLo500 Insecticide in Some Biological aspects of Tabacoo Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera : Homoptera : Aleyrodidae

Author name: رشا حطاب عبد الله الاسدي
Supervisor name: ناصر عبد علي المنصور
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Immunology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لتقييم كفاءة المستخلصات النباتية والمركبات الفعالة لاوراق نبات كف مريمL. Vitex agnus - castus في الاداء الحيوي لذبابة التبغ البيضاء Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) من خلال حساب معدلات الهلاك عند كل معاملة وبتراكيز وفترات زمنية مختلفة من دور البيضة الى دور الحشرة الكاملة وحساب معدلات الهلاك التراكمية للادوار غير البالغة وحساب معدلات الهلاك باستخدام مبيد بولو 500 واوضحت النتائج ان النبات والمبيد المستخدمين في هذه الدراسة لهما تاثير كبير في حياتية ذبابة التبغ البيضاء وكما يلي : A - المستخلصات النباتبة : تمثل نسب هلاك البيوض اقل المستويات مقارنة مع الاطوار الاخرى اذ كان مستخلص خلات الاثيل الاكثر تاثيرا ، اذ بلغ معدل الهلاك %83.67 يليه المستخلص الكحولي 70.60% واقل المستخلصات تاثيرا المركبات الفينولية بلغ معدل هلاكها 48.5% .كانت اغلب المستخلصات المستخدمة ذات تاثير كبيرفي هلاك الطور الحوري الاول ، اذ بلغ اعلى معدل للهلاك باستخدام المستخلص الكحولي وبلغ 95.87% يليه خلات الاثيل بمعدل 78.52% واقل معدل للهلاك كان عند استخدام المستخلص المائي بمعدل 49.57 %.تفوقت المستخلصات النباتية الاتية في الطور الحوري الثاني وهي : الكحولي والهكسان وخلات الاثيل والقلويدات وبمعدلات هلاك 96.33 و89.74% و76.93 و72.27 %على التوالي،اما المستخلص المائي فكان الاقل تاثيرا اذ بلغ معدل الهلاك 55.9%.اما الطور الحوري الثالث كانت اغلب المستخلصات النباتية والمركبات الفعالة ذات تاثير كبيرفي معدل هلاك هذا الطوراذ بلغت معدلات الهلاك93.29% للمستخلص الكحولي و82.83% لمستخلص خلات الاثيل و75.55% للقلويدات واقل معدل للهلاك سجل عند استخدام المستخلص المائي وبلغ %59.54 .سجل الطور الحوري الرابع (العذراء) اعلى معدل للهلاك عند استخدام المستخلص الكحولي وكانت النتيجة 91.41% تليه المركبات الفينولية 89.28% واقل معدل للهلاك سجل عند استخدام المستخلص المائي بلغ %59.12 .وكان اعلى معدل لهلاك الحشرة الكاملة عند استخدام المركبات القلوانية بمعدل90.94% تليها المركبات الفينولية بمعدل 89.93% وخلات الاثيل بمعدل89.85 % والكحولي 87.69% والهكسان 80.17% واقل معدل للهلاك عند استخدام المستخلص المائي وبلغ معدل الهلاك %69.03. - B معدل الهلاك التراكمي : اوضحت النتائج تفوقا واضحا للمركبات القلوانية في معدل الهلاك التراكمي للادوار غير البالغة لذبابة التبغ البيضاءB. tabaci يليها مستخلص الهكسان ومستخلص خلات الاثيل والمستخلص الكحولي واقلها كان المستخلص المائي . - C مبيد بولو 500 : تبين من خلال النتائج ان استخدام مبيد بولو500 له تاثير كبير في معدل هلاك ذبابة التبغ البيضاء من دور البيضة لحين الوصول الى الحشرة الكاملة ،اذ بلغت معدلات الهلاك كما يلي : البيوض 58.51% والطور الحوري الاول 44.70% والطور الحوري الثاني 64.41% والطور الحوري الثالث 70.49% والطور الحوري الرابع (العذراء) 73.48% واخيرا الحشرة الكاملة 72.30 %. | The current study was conducted in order to evaluation efficiency of plant extract and effective compounds to plant Vitex asgnus - castus L. on the biological performance of Bemisia tabaci(Genn.)whitefly through calculating mortality rate for each treatment with different concentration and period from egg stage until adult stage and calculate the cumulative mortality rate for immature stages and calculate mortality rate by use Polo500 insecticide Ressults demonstrated that the plant and insecticide used in current study had more effective important role in life of the B. tabaci as follow A - Plant Extract Mortality rate of egg : represent ratios of egg mortality in the lower levels compare with other stages , mortaiity rate of ethyle acetate extract has more effective (83.67%) than alcohol extract mortality rate (70.60%) and lower extract effective was phenol compounds mortality (48.50%) First Nymphal instar : in this instar most of used extracts had more effective in mortality of this instar, more mortality rate were by alcohole extract (95.87%) the ethyl acetate (78.52%) and lower mortality rate was by aqueous extract (49.57%) Second Nymphal insrar : most effective was to following plant extracts; Alcohol, Hexan , Ethyl acetat , Alkaloid with mortality rate (96.33%) , 89.74% , 76.93% , 72.27% Aqueous extract has the lower effective mortality rate 55.90% Third Nymphal instar : most plante extracts and effective compounds had large effect in mortality rate in this stage (93.29%) for alcohol extract , 82.83% for ethyl acetat ,75.55% for alkaloid and lower effective was to aqueous extract 59.54% Fourth Nymphal instar ( pupa) : in this stage alcohol extract was more effective in mortality rate 91.41% , then phenol compound 89.825 and lower perdition average was to aqueous extract 59. 12% .Adult : the highest mortality rate was when used alkaloid compounds 89.93% , then ethyl acetat 89.85% , alcohol 87. 69% , Hexan 80.17% and lower average to aqueous extract 69.03% .B - The accumalative perdition : Results demonstrated more effective to alkaloid compounds in inmature stage of B.tabaci , then to hexan extract , ethyl acetat , alcohol extract and lower average was to aqueous extract .C - POLO500 Insecticide : Results show this insecticide has significant effect in motality rate of B. tabaci starting from egg to adult . egg 58.51% , first instar 44.70% ,second instar 64.41% , third instar 70.49% , pupa 73.48% and adult 72.30%

دراسة التغيرات النسجية المرضية في اعضاء سمكتي البلطي الزيلي Coptodon zillii والكارب البروسي Carassius auratus في بعض انهار ابي الخصيب وعلاقتها ببعض العناصر الثقيلة == Study of Histopathological changes in organs of fish, Coptodon zillii and Carassius auratus in Abo Alkhaseeb Rivers and relationship with some type of heavy metals

Author name: خالد عبد الصمد عبد الرضا السلمي
Supervisor name: علي عبد اللطيف عبد الحسن العلي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Histology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية جمع نوعين من الاسماك النهرية هي سمكة البلطي الزيليCoptodon zillii والكارب البروسي Carassius auratus من اربعة انهار في قضاء ابي الخصيب وهي نهر( السراجي وحمدان ومحيلة وابو مغيرة )وعلى فترتين ,امتدت الاولى من شهر حزيران 2013 ولغاية شهر تشرين الثاني 2013 وامتدت الثانية من شهر كانون الاول 2013 ولغاية شهر مايس 2014 . اجريت الدراسة الحالية بمحورين شمل المحور الاول دراسة التغيرات النسجية المرضية في اعضاء الغلاصم والكبد والكلية والعضلات وللسمكتين اما المحور الثاني فتضمن دراسة تراكم اربعة من العناصر الثقيلة(الرصاص والنحاس والنيكل والكوبلت) في انسجة الكبد والعضلات وذلك لغرض ايجاد علاقة بين المحورين . قد بينت الدراسة النسجية للاعضاء المدروسة ظهور تغيرات نسجية مرضية اختلفت في شدتها بين نوعي الاسماك اذ تبدو انسجة اسماك الكارب اكثر تضررا من انسجة اسماك البلطي فضلا عن اختلافها بين افراد النوع الواحد , ففي الغلاصم تمثلت التغيرات المرضية بتغير شكل الصفائح الغلصمية الثانوية وفرط تنسج hyperplasia النسيج االظهاري وانفصاله detachment ولوحظ تضخم hypertrophy الخلايا الظهارية وانتفاخها swelling وتضخم وزيادة اعداد خلايا الكلورايد فيها فضلا عن ظهور فرط تنسج الغضروف في الهيكل الساند للخيط الغلصمي الذي رافقه في بعض الاحيان تجمع خلايا بيضوية طرفية النواة في غلاصم اسماك الكارب . في الكبد تمثلت التغيرات المرضية باحتقان congestion اشباه االجيوب الكبدية وتليفات fibrosis في نسيج الكبد وتنكس degeneration وتنخرnecrosis الخلايا الكبدية وتغيرات نووية تمثلت بانحلال النواة وتكتل مادتها الكروماتينية karyopiknosis ولوحظ وجود ودمات oedema وتراكم مواد غير حية بنية ووردية اللون داخل وخارج الخلايا الكبدية . اما في الكلية فقد شملت التغيرات المرضية النسجية جميع مكوناتها اذ تمثلت بتنكس الخلايا الظهارية للنبيبات الكلوية وانتفاخ بعض منها مما يؤدي الى ضيق تجويف النبيب ولوحظ حدوث انسلاخ بطانة بعض النبيبات الكلوية , وظهر فرط تنسج النبيبات الكلوية في كلية اسماك البلطي فقط بشكل كتل كبيرة بيضوية الشكل , ولوحظ وجود مواد غير حية في النسيج المكون للدم يحاط البعض منها بمحفظة ليفية من عدة طبقات في سمكة الكارب ,اما في الكبيبات فقد لوحظ احتقان وتوسع aneurism اوعيتها الدموية, وشوهد ضمورatrophy بعض الكبيبات وتضخم بعضها الاخر مما يؤدي الى توسع او تضيق حيز محفظة بومان. تمثلت التغيرات المرضية النسجية في الامعاء بتنكس خلايا النسيج الظهاري وتنخر قمم الزغابات ولوحظ ان التنكس والتنخر يصل في بعض العينات الى النسيج الضام للصفيحة الاصيلة وشوهد ارتشاح infiltration الخلايا البدينة mast cells باعداد كبيرة في الطبقة تحت المخاطية لامعاء اسماك البلطي وارتشاح انواع اخرى من الخلايا الالتهابية في اسماك كلا النوعين , وكثيرا ما شوهد تاثر الخلايا العضلية في طبقة العضلات لجدار الامعاء. اما انسجة العضلات فقد شهدت ظهور العديد من التغيرات تمثلت بتنكس اسفنجي spongy degeneration يتبعه تنخر الخلايا العضلية وكثيرا ما شوهد تعرج الليفات العضلية وانعدام التخطيط العرضي . قد تعزى هذه التغيرات الى تلوث مياه الانهار المدروسة بمختلف الملوثات ومنها المعادن الثقيلة وذلك من خلال قياس التراكم الحيوي لهذه العناصر في عضلات واكباد هذه الاسماك واكد وجود هذه العناصر تقنية الكيمياء النسجية اذ لوحظ ان المعادن المتراكمة في النسيج تعطي انعكاسات لونية مختلفة بحسب نوع العنصر الثقيل ,و لوحظ عند قياس التراكم الحيوي ان معدلات تراكم بعض هذه العناصر(الرصاص والكوبلت) في انسجة العضلات يفوق الحدود المسموح بها عالميا . اختلف تراكم هذه العناصر من عضو الى اخر ومن نوع الى اخر ومن فترة الى اخرى ,فقد وجد ان معدلات تراكم عناصر الرصاص والنيكل والكوبلت في العضلات كان اعلى من معدله في الكبد وبفرق معنوي عند مستوى احتمالية p<0.05 في حين اظهر النحاس نتيجة معاكسة اذ كان معدل تراكمه في الكبد اعلى من العضلات وبفرق معنوي عند مستوى احتمالية p<0.05 , اما بالنسبة لفترتي الدراسة فقد سجلت الفترة الاولى في كبد سمكة البلطي معدلات تركيز اعلى من الفترة الثانية لكل من عناصر النحاس والنيكل والكوبلت وبفرق معنوي عند مستوى احتمالية p<0.05 . اما في مياه الانهار المدروسة فقد كان اعلى تركيز بلغه عنصر الرصاص 602 مايكروغرام\لتر واقل تركيز له 141 مايكروغرام\لتر,واعلى تركيزلعنصر النحاس كان 77 مايكروغرام\لتر واقل تركيز 25 مايكروغرام\لتر, واعلى تركيز لعنصر النيكل كان 392مايكروغرام\لتر واقل تركيز له214 مايكروغرام\لتر,واعلى تركيز لعنصر الكوبلت كان 173مايكروغرام\لتر واقل تركيز72مايكروغرام\لتر | The current study includes collection of two species of fish. a tilapia fish (Coptodon zillii) and Prussian carp ( Carassius auratus) from four rivers in Abu Alkhaseeb region which are Sarraji, Hamdan, Mhella and Abu Mugherra River at two periods, the first period starts from June 2013 till November 2013 and the second period from December 2013 to the end of May 2014. After bringing the fish to the lab dissecting to rescet excised organs of the gills, livers, kidneys , intestines and muscles. the current study have been performed on two axis .The first axis includes the study of histopathological changes in the organs above for two species The second axis guarantees the study of the bioaccumulation of four heavy metals (lead ,copper, nickel ,cobalt) in the tissues of the liver and muscles for the purpose of finding a relationship between the two axes. The histological observations showed histopathological changes different in severity between the two specis of fish , the tissue of C.auratus seems to more be affected than the tissue of C.zillii , In the gills, the pathological changes are represented in the shape changes of secondary lamella of gills , hyperplasia and detachment of epithelial tissue . Hypertrophy and swelling in epithelial cells , hypertrophy and increase the number of chloride cells where noted . Hyperplasia cartilage in Bracket structure of gills thread which coincide with some gathering terminal oval cell nucleus often in gill, carp was seen. In the liver has represented pathological changes like congestion of liver sinusoid , fibrosis in liver tissue , degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes and the nuclear changes represented in the dissolution of the nucleus and conglomerate chromatin material ( karyopiknosis), the appearance of some oedema and accumulation of non - living material inside and outside the hypatocytes . In kidney ,the histopathological changes included represente by epithelial cells degeneration of the renal tubules and swelling some of them leading to a narrow tubules cavity, also observed shedding the epithelial layer lining of some renal tubule, while in the glomeruli, congestion and aneurism its veins atrophy of some glomeruli was obsererved and that leads to expansion or narrowing Bomans space . In addition non - living materials in the component tissue of blood were observed, some of which are surrounded by a fibrous capsule of several layers in C.auratus kidney only. Some of non - liver materials in the cytoplasm of some of renal tubule cells were seen, while, intestinal histopathological changes were represented by degeneration of epithelial cells and necrosis of villi peaks and it was observed that the degeneration and necrosis reach in some samples to the connective tissue and often spotted muscle cells affected in the muscle layer of the intestinal wall. Also it is observedin a large numbers of mast cells infiltration in the submucosa layer of the gut C.zillii and infiltration other types of inflammatory cells in both fish species, while muscle tissue were less affected than the other organs. There were several changes represented by spongy degeneration followed by necrosis of muscle cells , and often were seen in the limping of muscle fibers and the lack of cross - planning in this muscle. These histological changes were due to water pollution of rivers under studing by various pollutants such as heavy metals that were included in thestudy and that by measuring the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of the muscles and liver of these fish and was assured that by Histochemistry technique as it was observed that the accumulated metals in the tissues give different reflections of color by heavy element type. It was observed that when measuring bioaccumulation , the accumulation rates of some of these elements (lead and cobalt) exceeds the permitted globally border. It was observed that the accumulation of these elements vary from one organ to another and from one specis to another and from one period to another, it was found that the rates of accumulation of elements ;lead , nickel and cobalt in the muscle were higher than that in the liver and at significant difference of 0.05 level of probability, while copper showed the opposite conclusion, as its rate of accumulation in the liver was higher thane at significant differenc of 0.05 level of probability. Regarding the two periods of the study, the first period recorded higher concentration in the liver of C.zillii than the second period for copper ,Nickel and cobalt elements at significant 0.05 difference are level of probability. . The rates of concentration of heavy elements that included in the study of the water of the rivers were nearly the same to former studies, as the highest concentration recorded for lead was 602 micrograms \ liter and the less concentration was 141 micrograms \ L, while the highest concentration of copper was 77 micrograms \ liter and less concentration was 25 micrograms \ L. The highest concentration of the nickel was 392 micrograms \ liter and its less concentration was 214 micrograms him \ l. The finally highest concentration of cobalt was 173 micrograms \ liter and its less concentration was 72 micrograms \ L

الكساء الخضري والتنوع الاحيائي النباتي في منطقة الصحراء الجنوبية في محافظة البصرة / جنوب العراق == Vegetation and Plant Biodiversity in the Southern Desert in Basra Governorate, Southern Iraq

Author name: حيدر راضي مالح حسين
Supervisor name: عبد الرضا اكبر علوان المياح
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Environment
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الحالية الغطاء النباتي والتنوع الاحيائي والمجتمعات النباتية في منطقة الصحراء الجنوبية ضمن محافظة البصرة, وتم دراسة الخصائص الكمية والنوعية للغطاء النباتي , فضلا عن خصائص الترب والهواء في 12 محطة, 6 منها خصصت للمسح الشهري للانواع للفترة بين كانون الاول 2012 وكانون الاول 2014.تم دراسة الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية للعوامل البيئية في منطقة الدراسة وشملت حساب قيم درجة حرارة الهواء والرطوبة النسبية, وكذلك دراسة خصائص الترب ومنها قوام التربة ودرجة حرارة التربة ورطوبة الترب والاس الهيدروجيني والمادة العضوية والتوصيلية الكهربائية وقيم الملوحة, وتبين انها اظهرت تباينا موسميا في المحطات الستة. اوضحت الدراسة الحالية وجود 185 نوع و136 جنس تعود الى 41 عائلة, منها 159 نوع و115 جنس و36 عائلة تعود الى مجموعة نباتات ذوات الفلقتين, في حين ضمت مجموعة نباتات ذوات الفلقة الواحدة 26 نوع تقع في 21 جنس و5 عائلات, وكانت اغلبها نباتات حولية حوالي 66% , بينما كانت نسبة النباتات المعمرة 44 %, كما تم تسجيل حوالي 20 نوع لاول مره في مناطق الدراسة, كما اكدت التوزيع الجغرافي وسجلت انتشار العديد من الانواع في مناطق لم تسجل فيها سابقا.وبينت دراسة اشكال الحياة في منطقة الدراسة ان مجموعة Therophytes قد امتلكت اعلى نسبة بلغت 71.19%, بينما ضمت مجموعة ال Geophytes اقل نسبة بلغت 4.3 %. كما تغايرت الاصول الجغرافية النباتية Chorotype للانواع,عكست اهمية الموقع الجغرافي لمنطقة الدراسة, وسجلت العناصر ثنائية وعديدة المناطقBi & Pluri regional 70.7 elements % منها, وشكلت العناصر الصحراوية - العربية Sahara - Arabia elements نسبة 20.54%.وبينت النتائج ان اكبر العائلات انتشارا وتوزيعا وبعدد الانواع في منطقة الدراسة هي العائلة المركبة Compositae التي تعد اكبر العائلات في المنطقة, ثم العائلة الصليبية Cruciferae , والعائلة النجيلية Gramineae , والعائلة البقوليةFabaaceae , والعائلة الرمرامية Chenopodiaceae , كما تبين ان الاجناس Astragalus وPlantago وErodium كانت اكبر الاجناس بعدد الانواع في منطقة الدراسة, واظهر ت دراسة التوزيع الجغرافي ان بعض الانواع سجلت انتشارا واسعا في مناطق الدراسة ومنها Hammada salicornica Moq. وRhanterium epapposum Oliv.و Stipa capensis Thunb. وIflago spicata (Forssk) Sch. Bip. وFilago pyramidata L. وSpegularia diandra (Guss.) Heldr & Sart. وStrigosella grandiflora ( Bunge.) Boch. .كما تضمنت الدراسة وصف وتمييز المجتمعات الرئيسة وتحديد مناطق انتشارها في مناطق الدراسة وضمت Hammadetum salicornici وCornulacetum auchraeو Rhanterietum epapposi وZygophyllietum propinqun وAstragalietum spinosi وSalsoletum setiferaeو Convolvulietum oxyphylliو Salsoletum rosmarini وStipetum capensiو Ziziphetum nummulariaeو Teucriutum oliveriو Stipagrosis plumosi وLycetum barburae وSuaedetum aegyptiaci . واظهرت الدراسة التغيرات الموسمية في طبيعة الغطاء النباتي وتاثر السيادة بالتغيرات الموسمية في الظروف المناخية والتي ساهمت في ظهور المنطقة بعدد من المظاهر الموسمية للغطاء الخضري ( Seasonal Aspect) . وبينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود تباين موسمي ومكاني بين غالبية محطات الدراسة في قيم ادلة الكثافة والوفرة والتغطية والتنوع والسيادة والتجانس والغنى النوعي والتشابه والكتلة الحية والتصاحب والاهمية.

دراسة تعدد الاشكال الوراثية لجين GSTPI في مرض السكري من النوع الثاني لعينة مرضى في محافظة البصرة وعلاقتها بدهون مصل الدم == Genetic Polymorphism of Gultathion - S - Transferase GSTPI in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus and it's Correlation with Blood Serum lipid Profile in Basrah Province

Author name: حنين صباح عبد الصمد
Supervisor name: فائزة عبد الوهاب احمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the relationships between the T2DM patients and the genotypes of glutathione S - transferase P1, and the measurements of blood serum lipid profile of patients and control. The study included 60 blood samples from patients and 40 blood sample from controls of Iraqi individuals. The sixty individual with T2DM were diagnosed according to the American diabetes Association criteria (American diabetes Association, 2007), their age ranged were between 35 - 75 years randomly selected from those attending the Diabetes Center /Al - Moanaa Hospital for treatment with history of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Sera and blood were used as sample, The measured parameters in serum included (Biochemical testes) : Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Total Cholesrtol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very high density lipoprotein (VLDL). In Addition to Body Mass Index (BMI) .Moreover, the correlation between genotyping of glutathione S - transferase P1 and all studied parameters was carried out. Molecular studies involved DNA extraction and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - Retraction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). to investigate the genetic polymorphism of glutathione S - transferase pi gene class for individuals of this study .Molecular study was conducted in the laboratory of molecular Biology, Department of Biology for pure Sciences college at Basra University .The result showed that Sex, BMI, HDL, LDL and VLDL values for patients and control were not significant while for the level of FBG in patients and control it showed significantly difference (P=0.000). This study revealed significant Positive Correlation between cholesterol and triglyceride (P=0.01). while the Correlation coefficient between Triglyceride & HDL,VLDL individually also between HDL and LDL ,VLDL and LDL with VLDL individually was not significant furthermore FBG and Cholesterol showed positive significant Correlation .The result of genetic polymorphism of GSTPI distribution among studied groups showed rise developing risk of Type 2 Diabetes in patients about 2 - fold in carries heterozygous Ile/Val genotype with an ( OR=2.90; 95% Cl= 1.077 - 7.827, p=0.31) and allele frequency 0.69.,and there is an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes in patients about 2and half - fold in carries of The homozygous Val/Val genotype in patients with an (OR=2.58, 95%CI=0.625 - 10.662, p=0.171). the heterozygote distribution (2Pq ) of Patients was 0.427 while in control 0.268 and it was not stable according to Hardy - Winderg question.According to data mentioned above the GSTPI genotype polymorphism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM while its effect on all lipid profile indicator did not show any significant difference.

دراسة جزيئية لتعدد الاشكال الوراثية لجين TAS2R38 (جين تذوق مادة PTC) بين سكان محافظة البصرة وعلاقتها بمرض السكري == A Molecular Study of TAS2R38 (PTC Tasting Gene) Polymorphism Among Basrah Population and It's Association With Diabetes Mellitus

Author name: حسنة عامر مهوس
Supervisor name: فائزة عبد الوهاب احمد | اسعد يحيى عايد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Genetics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study dealt with the genetic polymorphism of Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) tasting from phenotypic and genotypic (Molecular of TAS2R38(P49A) gene ) prospective,among sample of Basrah Population from 2014 - 2012. Also, a comparative Molecular study for the gene TAS2R38(P49A) and some biochemical parameters was made in a group of Diabetic patients for the first time in Iraq /Basrah and the world .Phenotypic study using the gradient dilutions of PTC substance method, was established among 317 individual : 96Males and 221 Females from different regions of Basrah. Increased sensitivity with low threshold 6 of Males than Females 5 was observed which indicate that the Males were more sensitive than Females in this region from Iraq .However, the tasters percent among Females still higher73.3% than Males72.9% ,and the whole population 73.2% as well .This study recorded different tasters percent in different regions : 62.1%,71.8% ,60.6%, 82.3% for the North ,AL - Zubair and Safwan, Abu - ALChaseab and AL - Fao and the center of the city respectively, although ,the whole population of Basrah found to be under Hardy - Weinberg Equilibrium . Allelic frequencies according to phenotypic analysis showed : recessive allele t had higher frequency (0.53) than dominant allele T (0.47), with elevated Heterozygous frequency Tt among all studied regions and the whole population(0.53) .The results recorded also , high BMI for non tasters tt as a whole and for both sexes in this phenotype : 28.32 ,28.26 for males and females respectively. While it had the lowest value among heterozygous 23.40 ,Statistical analysis for phenotypic study of this locus reveald an additive effect of the two alleles T,t by 81.33% with responsibility of 83.10% for the phenotypic variation found in this trait . Genetic (Molecular) analysis was done for comparative individuals and diabetic patients by sequencing the hTAS2R38(P49A) the PTC gene, among 127 individual : 59 healthy individual as a comparative group and 68 diabetic patients from both sexes and same age ranges. The results recorded a C/G allele in the position of the first SNP (145 C/G) which encode for Proline amino acid (C) or Alanine amino acid (G) : CC , CG refer to Tasters genotypes while GG refer to Non - tasters genotype. High frequency of C allele as compare to G among both healthy people and diabetic patients : 0.55, 0.53 for both respectively . Frequency of heterozygous genotype CG recorded a significant access as 0.76 among the comparative group which may implies a selective heterozygosity advantage among Iraqi population at this region. A significant differences in genotypic distributions was recorded between comparative and diabetic groups with high incidence of non tasters phenotypically tt 41% and genotypically GG 20.5 % among diabetic patients compare to healthy people : 25 % , 7% respectively . Interestingly non taster GG genotype had the lowest BMI among diabetic patients compare to othertwo taster genotypes CC, CG respectively. . Study of Genotype - Phenotype Association revealed significant correlation (p<0.0001) between them among comparative group as 86.9% and diabetic group as 48.8%. A comparative study of Biochemical analysis betweendiabetic and non diabetic individuals from different genotypes for TAS2R38 (P49A) gene showed significant elevated value of cholesterol among diabetic from the GG genotype 191.85 ± 6.57 mg/dl with non significant elevated values of Hb1c 8.93 ±1.77 and triglyceride 149.57±6.53 mg/dl. However, all these parameters were significantly more higher among diabetic than non diabetic . Significant differences(P<0.05) were recorded between diabetic and non diabetic according to their thyroid hormones levels with low values of T3 , T4 and high values of TSH among diabetic than non - diabetic. TSH hormone recorded its highest significant values among diabetic of CC genotype with 4.39 ± 0.16 μUI/ml as compare to the other two genotypes heterozygous CG and recessive homozygous GG . Although non significant , T4 recorded its lowest values among diabetic of the CC genotype .However, significantly (P <0.05 ),T3 hormone found to have lower values in the two homozygous genotypes; CC genotype for diabetic 0.54± 0.03 ng/ml and non diabetic 0.53±1.64 ng/ml ; GG genotype : 0.72± 0.04 ng/ml ; 1.82± 0.59 ng/ml for diabetic and non diabetic respectively . while individuals with CG genotype found to be non significantly different .Lastly it could be concluded that this trait may have some effect on BMI and may play a role the variation found among peoples in biochemical parameters (cholesterol, thyroid hormones ) changing's especially among diabetic patients. Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research Basrah University/ College of Education for Pure Science Department of Biology A Molecular Study of TAS2R38 (PTC Tasting Gene) Polymorphism Among Basrah Population and It's Association With Diabetes MellitusA Thesis submitted to the Council of the College of Education for Pure Science/ University of Basrah as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Philosophy of Doctor of Science in Biology / Genetics By Hasna Amir Mohaus BSc. Biology / 1994MSc. Biology / 1998 Supervision by Assist.Prof.Dr. Prof.Dr.Faizah A.

دراسة بعض التغيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية لسم الافعى ذات الحراشف المنشارية (افعى سيد دخيل Echis carinatus) في الجرذان المختبرية == A study of some physiological and histological effects of venom Saw Scaled Viper (Said Dakhil) Echis carinatus in laboratory rats

Author name: بيداء ريحان علي الموسوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Histology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was designed search of some physiological and histological effects of the venom of Echis carinatus sochureki (Said Dakhil snake) in male and female rats, and the role of antivenom (anti - venom) in the treatment of these effects. The while study was divided into two parts, the first part included the effect of [0.04 mg/kg (the second group) and 0.08 mg/kg (the third group)] of venom in rats. While, the second part related with the effect of [0.25ml/animal (the second group) and 0.5ml/animal (the third group)] antivenom in male and female rats treated with 0.04mg/kg and 0.08mg/kg of venom. After 24 hours of injection, blood samples collected for the hematological and biochemical parameters, and taking the right epididymis and epididymis left removed to examine the count and maliformations of sperm. Also, liver, kidney, testes and ovary were collected for sections. The results of the present study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in RBC in the third group (0.08) mg / kg when compared with the first group (control) and second group (0.04) mg / kg. Also was there a significant decrease in HCT and MCV in the second and third groups compared with the first group, while there was a significant increase in the platelets of the third group compared with the first and second groups in in both sexes. The results indicated a significant decrease in RBC in the second and third groups compared with the first group, also a significant decrease in HCT in the second and third groups compared with the first group. The results showed a significant increase in the HCT in the second group compared with the third group. The results showed a significant decrease in the MCV in the third gr oup compared with first and second groups in female rats. The present study (P≤0.05) showed a significantdecrease in total WBC, lymphocytes and neutrophils in the second groups (0.04) mg / kg and the third (0.08) mg / kg, and a significant decrease in monocytes, acidiophils and basophils of the second and third groups compared with the first in the male rats. The results indicated a significant decrease in neutrophil in the second and third groups compared with the first group, and a significant decrease in lymphocytes, monocytes and acidiophils of the third group compared with the first and second groups in the female rats. The present study showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the level of glucose and urea in the third group (0.08) mg / kg compared with the first (control) and second (0.04) mg / kg groups. There was a significant increase in creatinine and albumin in the second and third groups compared with the first group, also a significant decrease in the total protein, cholesterol and HDL in the second and third groups compared with the first group.There was a significant decrease in the level of TG, LDL and VLDL in the third group compared with the first and second groups, The results showed a significant decrease in ALT and AST in the third group compared with the first and second groups, and a significant increase in the ALP in the third group compared with the first and second groups in the male. The hormonal study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of FSH, LH, testosterone and estrogen in the second and third groups compared with the first group in male and female rats. The present study a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the count of sperms in the second and third groups compared with the first group, while, there was a significant increase in the maliformations of sperms in the third group compared with the first and second groups. The present study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of immune globulins (IgA - IgG - IgM) in the second and third groups compared with the first group in both sexes. The results of the effect of (0.5 - 0.25) ml / animal antivenom in male and female rats treated with (0.04) of snake venom showed a significant decrease in RBC and HCT in the second and third groups compared with the first groups,and there was a significant increase in the MCV in the second and third groups compared with the first group in male. The study results showed a significant increase in RBC, HCT and MCV in the second and third groups compared with the first group in the female rats.The current study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in total WBC of the second group compared with the first and third groups, and a significant decrease in the lymphocytes and monocytes in the second and third groups compared with the first group, also the results showed a significant increase in total WBC in the second and third groups compared with the first in the male. Also, found a significant decrease in lymphocytes and monocytes in the secon d and third groups compared with the first, it was observed a significant rise in monocyte in the first group compared with the second and third groups. The results showed a significant increase in the percentage of granular white blood cells in the second and third groups compared with the first group in the female rats.Results of the present study indicated a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of glucose, urea, albumin and total protein in the third group compared with the first and second groups, and there was a significant increase in the level of cholesterol HDL - VLDL in the third group compared with the first and second groups, also a significant decrease in TG in the second group compared with the first and third groups, The results showed a significant decrease in the level of HDL in the second and third groups compared and second groups with the firstgroup. the results showed a significant increase in the level of albumin and total protein in the third group compared with the first and second groups, and the results indicated a significant in increase cholesterol level, LDL and VLDL in the third group compare with the first and second groups, There was a significant decrease in the level of TG in second group compared with the first and third groups, and a significant decrease in the level of HDL in the second and the third groups compared with the first group in the female rats.The results indicated the effect of (0.5 - 0.25) ml / animal antivenom in male and female rats treated (0.08) mg / kg of snake venom, showed a significant decreased (P≤0.05) in RBC, HCT , MCV, lymphocyte and monocyte in the second and third groups compared with the first group, a significant decrease MCH in the second group compared with the first and third groups in male rats, showed a significant decrease in RBC HCT and MCV in the second and thirdgroups compared with the first group.The present study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level ofglucose and urea, ALT and ALP in the third group compared with the first and second groups, also a significant decrease in the level of creatinine, LDL, VLDLand AST in the second and third groups compared with the first group, and asignificant increase in the level of albumin, total protein and HDL in the thirdgroup compared with the first and second groups. a significant increase in levelof cholesterol and TG in the second and third groups compared with the firstgroup in the male rats, While showed a significant decrease in level of glucose,urea and ALT in the third group compared with the first and second groups,there was a significant decrease in the level of creatinine, LDL, VLDL, AST and ALP in the second and third groups compared with the first group, a significant increase in albumin and total protein in the group third compared with the first and second groups, while a significant increase in level of cholesterol, TG and HDL in the second and third groups compared with the first group in female.The histological results showed changes in the liver of male and female rats treatment I n venom snake and constrictions consisted obtaining inflammation and blood congestion and enlarged nuclei of hepatic cells and degeneration in the cytoplasm and necrosis of liver cells, as well as, changes in the kidney tissue such as having a bleeding and hyperplasia and congestion blood and inflammation and analyze the entire glomerulus and necrosis of the cortical cells.The current study showed the incidence and clear changes in testicular tissue treatment venom snake of obtaining vascular congestion and analyze the interconnection fabric between the tubule and the decay of some nuclei and abnormalities tubule and testicular and shrinking and analyzes and the presence of multiple nuclei giant cells in the wall of tubule.The current study for histological changes in the ovary as sections showed the presence of large numbers of corpus luteum and the decrease numbers of ovarian follicles and the disappearance of the evolutionary stages of ovarian cysts.

تاثير PTU على بعض الجوانب النسيجية والفسلجية في الاجنة والاناث الحوامل Rattus norvegicus == Effect of PTU on some aspects of histological and physiological in fetus and pregnant rats(rattus norvegicus

Author name: انوار ناذر صيوان
Supervisor name: مها خليل الملاك | علاء عبد الخالق حسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Histology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Aim of study was to evaluated the effects of propylthiouracil (Ptu) drug on both maternal and fetus rats, used experimental animals (Rattus norvegicus) and after housing, breeding and adapting, (50) of virgin females choosen, isolated and then divided into two groups each group contain (25)rats, The mean weight of the animals was(200 ±50) gm and (8 - 10) week of age. Females on first group regarded as control and treated with distilled water while animals in second group were treated with (Ptu)dose as (0.05 %) and left for(14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5)for each group. Macroscopic observations on each group were recorded including changes in thyroid gland morphology, hypertrophy and enlargement at each period (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) days of gestation for both pregnant rats and embryos,the shape of uterine hornes,and uterus with changes of fetus number, resorption, atrophy, malformation of body parts, indifferentiation of fore and hind limbs, skin abnormalities were noticed. The changes in placenta which appeared irregular, pale colour, congested with white fibrous regions were noticed in hypothyroid rat comparing with placenta of control group animal, which looked red, discoid shape and normal surface without any abnormal signs, in addition fatty ovaries with large amount of adipose tissue was accumulated in abdomen cavity, the ovaries irregular and showed structures in most pregnant rats of hypothyroid group comparing with control pregnant females.Present showed significant decreased at (P≤0.05) in mean length, weight and number of fetus at (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) days of gestation in all embryos related to hypothyroid rats compared to control. Histological study with light microscopy on sections from thyroid gland related to rats with induced hypothyroid showed reduced, small follicles with empty or little colloid substance, each follicle lining simple cuboidal or flat epithelium, an increased with stroma, variable size of follicles most of them smaller compared to control thyroid gland from control rats, which showed normal lobules, large follicles filled with colloid, and poorly stroma.Sections from uterus, ovaries, oviduct related to hypothyroid rats showed variable histological changes ranged from mild to severe like abnormal reduced layers of uterus, irregular uteri folded, degenerated with simple epithelial tissue that lining the uterus villi, haemorrhage in uterine gland, deposition of collagenous fibers, infiltration of lymphocytes and accumulation of adipose tissue. Ovaries from hypothyroid rats showed variable changes with ovaries follicles maturation, accumulated of adipose tissue, decreased graffian follicles, infiltration of lymphocytes and deposition of collagenous fibres with degenerated of lining epithelial layer compared with control ovaries.Microscopic observations of placenta sections from hypothyroid rats at different period of gestation revealed loss tissue, reduced placental layers thickness, necrosis in the peripheral regions, degenerated cytotrophoblasts that surrounding capillaries, the trophoblast giant cells appeared with degenerative changes in labyrinth and spongiotrophoblasts regions. undifferentiated fetal blood capillaries compared to control which the sections have normal structure differentiated to decidual basalis and labyrinth zones, the junctional zone composed of outer giant cells that separated the decidua basalis and trophospongium.In this study the ultrastructural changes in thyroid gland from maternal and fetus related to hypothyroid rat at (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) days of gestation were identified by electron microscopy and included changes in apical cytoplasm of follicular cells to microvilli, blebs and protrusions also dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, increased lysosomes, the empty vacuoles more than the dense vesicles, increased mitochondria and Golgi apparatus cisternae, changes chromatin and more cellular debris. Biochemical results in thyroid hormones revealed to significant increase in mean concentration of (TSH) in pregnant females with hypothyroidism during gestation periods in compared with control group, also there was an decrease in both (T3, T4) non significant, significant increased concentration in serum of pregnant rats on treated group with (Ptu) compared with their concentration of control pregnant rats.Levels of some oxidative enzymes (GSH & MDA) was estimated in this study and there was significant increased,non significant in their concentrations in serums of rats with induced hypothyroidism comparid to control group during each period of gestation (14.5, 16.5, 18.5, 20.5, 21.5) day. The study determined some of haematological parameters such as (R.B.Cs) count, (H.b) level and (P.C.V) ratio which showed non significant at (P≤0.05) hypothyroidism rats compared with control rats at the same period of gestation. Also the results revealed non significant with (T.L.C), (D.L.C) in all pregnant rats with hypothyroidism compared to control rats, the data showed an increased with lymphocytes and Neutrophils and Esoinphils cells in smears prepared from hypothyroidism rats compared to control group

بعض الجوانب الحياتية للروبيان الدخيل والروبيان Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan,1849) من Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) بعض المواقع المائية في محافظة البصرة == Some Biological aspects of the Invasive Shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan,1849) and The Shrimp Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) from some Aquatic sites of the Basrah province

Author name: انوار مالك جبار المالكي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study intended to shed the light on some biological aspects of the invasive oriental river Shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense compared with that of Jinga shrimp Metapenaeus affinis . For this purpose, Monthly samples were collected and chosen from four Aquatic sites was chosen in the Basrah province (one at each of Al - Mashab and Al - Sallal Marshes and two at Al - Garmah River) during the period from July 2015 to June 2016. collection was done by Fishnet pulled by a boat .The Shrimp numbers were calculated during the time unit (ind./hour) .The Water’s temperature and salinity were studied, it ranged from 15 - 33 ͦ c and 2 - 9.1psu respectively. From a total of 3326, individuals were collected during the study period, only 7% were belong to the first shrimp (M. nipponense ) Compared with 93% to the second shrimp( M. affinis ).The number of each species studied shrimps, varied the monthly. The high number of M. nipponense was 38(ind./hour) recorded during July 2015 and June 2016, while the lowest was 2 (ind./hour) recorded during October and November 2015 . For M. affinis The number of individuals ranged between 980(ind./hour) during August 2015 and 29 (ind./hour) during November 2015 .The comparative monthly percentages were high during seven and six months in the marshes sites recorded for first and second shrimp respectively. The monthly variation in percentages of the two species of shrimps was studied, It ranged (for M. affinis) from 98.8% during August 2015 to 56.8% during July 2015 , while for M. nipponense , It ranged from 43.2% during July 2015 to 1.2% during August 2015 .The results of Frequency showed that the highest percent (100%) was recorded in four months for M. nipponense , these are July, October 2015 February and May 2016. While M. affinis was recorded in most months.Summary bThe population sizes for the two species were studied. For the first species( M. nipponense ), the size class 50 - 60mm dominant during all months of the study period, While for the second species (M. affinis), the size classes 40 - 50, 50 - 60, 60 - 70, and 70 - 80 were recorded during all the months for the first shrimp, the highest percent was 47.3% recorded for the size class 70 - 80 mm , While there is no individuals recorded for the size class 10 - 20 mm during all the months except July 2015 for the second shrimps ,the percentage ranged between 41.4% and less than 1% recorded during May 2016 to March 2016 respectively. On the other hand , the total Frequency for M. nipponense ranged from 83.3% to 0% for the size classes 70 - 80 mm and 10 - 20 mm respectively, While for M. affinis was from 100% recorded for the classes 40 - 50, 50 - 60, 60 - 70 and 70 - 80mm to 8.3% for the class .The Length - Length and Length - weight relationships for the two species were studied The results showed positive correlation between the total length and each of cephalothorax length and abdomen length (r= 0.932 and r= 0.945 respectively, P≤0.01 ) for M. nipponense , Also M. affinis , the correlation was positive for the total length and each of cephalothorax length(r= 0.938) and abdomen length (r= 0.971) (P≤0.01 ) . The correlation was positive between the total length and wet weight for each M. nipponense (r= 0.918 P≤0.01) and M. affinis (r= 0.913 P≤0.01).The Statistical analysis for the weight - weight relationships showed positive correlation between dry and wet weight for M. nipponense (r= 0.966, P≤0.01) and M. affinis (r= 0.918 P≤0.01).The correlation between the lengths of the body and the 2nd chela for male & female of M. nipponense (r= 0.909 and r= 0.823 respectively), these values of correlation refer to the continuous growth of the 2nd chela in male even after the adult stage .Summary cThe concentrations of ten heavy and light metals in shells & muscles of the two shrimps were studied. The results showed a significant differences in eight of them (Cadmium, Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Nickel, Zinc and Sodium) . While there is no significant differences recorded for Lead and Cobalt .The study of some biological aspect which concerned with distribution of eggs on pleopods of females of M. nipponense , showed that the highest mean of eggs was 547.3 (38%) carried on the 2nd pleopod while there are fewer means carried on 1st and 3rd pleopods , and no carry eggs (0%)were carried on the 5th pleopod. The Statistical analysis showed that there was significant differences between the eggs carried on 4th and 5th pleopods and each of the rest ones . lengths of pleopod was positively correlated with the number of eggs (r= 0.661, P≤0.01) The weight of ovigerous female was positively correlated with weight of eggs (r= 0.835, P≤0.01) .The combined effects of salinity and temperature on survival of newly hatched larvae (zoea1 and zoea2) of M. nipponense for 24 & 48 hours’ were tested.The highest survival percentage (100%) for zoea1 was recorded in 12 psu salinity in each of 18, 22 and 26 ͦ c ,While the lowest survival (0%) was recorded in distal water in each 30 and 34 ͦ c . the highest survival percentage was recorded in 12 psu salinity in each 18, 22, 26 and 30 ͦ c. While the lowest one recorded in distal water and 34 ͦ c. The Statistical analysis showed that the percentage survival correlates negatively with temperature and positively with salinity each alone. the combined effect of salinity and temperature on survival was positive with percentage ranged between 38 - 56 % .

عزل وتشخيص بعض الانواع الجرثومية من مياه الانهر الداخلية في مدينة البصرة ودراسة قابليتها على المعالجة الحيوية للعناصر الثقيلة == Isolation and identification bacterial species from inner rivers in Basra governorate and study their ability to Bioremediation of heavy metals

Author name: انوار عبد الوهاب مكي
Supervisor name: علي عبود شريف
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was conducted during November and December 2013.It included studying six inner rivers branching from Shatt al - Arab river in Basrah governorate.These rivers are Abu Al - khasseb, Al - Ribat, Al - Khandaq, Al - Ashar, Al - Khura and Al - Sarraji .The study included isolation and identification of three species of genus Bacillus which are B. licheniformis,B. megaterium and B. badius ,and two species of genus Micrococcus which are M. halobius and M. kristinae .Physical and chemical characteristics of the water samples were measured, which including pH,temperature,electric conductivity and Dissolved oxygen. The results showed that there were not correlation between physical and chemical characteristics and the concentrations of the heavy metals except for water temperature which had a negative significant correlation with the concentrations of nickel and lead.The concentrations of heavy metal dissolved in water (copper, nickel , lead and cadmium ) were measured. The concentrations of Cu+2 and Pb+2 were higher than that of Ni+2 and Cd+2 in the water .However,in general the concentrations of Cu+2, Ni+2, Pb+2 and Cd+2 were high in comparison with the local and international standards.All species of bacteria showed high resistance to the heavy metals ions starting from concentration of 1 mg/l. B. licheniformis was recorded high resistance to Pb+2, Cu+2 and Ni+2 which reached 2600 mg/l, 500mg/l and 300mg/l respectively. M. halobius was also recorded a high resistance to Pb+2 and Cd+2 with 2600mg/l and 400mg/l respectively. The highest resistance was recorded by M. kristinae to nickel with 300 mg/l . The mid resistance was by B.badius to all studied heavy metals and the lowest was by B. megaterium to all heavy metals studied in comparison with the other species of bacteria.The identified bacteria were used in the process of bioremediation of the heavy metals (Cu+2, Ni+2, Pb+2, Cd+2) with different concentrations (25, 50 and100 ) mg / l. B. licheniformis showed high ability to remove Ni+2, Cu+2 and Cd+2 than other species of bacteria, which reached (28.30%, 44.34% and 24.27%) mg/l. . respectively. B. badius showed a high capability for removing Cu+2 with 45.78% mg / l .Where as B. megaterium showed a high capability for removing Pb+2 with 23.43% mg / l.. M. halobius had the highest capability for removing Cd+2 with 25.42% mg / l. and M. kristinae had a mid capability to remove the heavy metals under studied.The study included observing the effect of the incubation period on removing the heavy metals ions.The results found that the best period was 72 hours in comparison with 24 and 48 hours.Also, the study included the effect of initial concentration in the process bioremediation.The results showed that the concentration of 25mg/l was the best for removing the heavy metals ions among the other concentrations, 50 and 100 mg/l.

عزل وتشخيص احد قلويدات الايض الثانوي لبعض الطحالب ودراسة فعاليته الحيوية == Isolation and identification one alkaloid of secondary metabolites from some algae and study of biological activity

Author name: انفال نوري عباس اللفتة
Supervisor name: احمد محسن عذبي | اقبال جاسم الاسدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study includes an isolation, Identification and purification of three species of algae, two of them belonging to cyanobacteria they are Oscillatoria brevis and Nostoc carneum . The third one was Enteromorpha intestinalis which belong to green algae which was from different location in Basrah .There are two extract were prepared from the algal species Alcohol , and alkaloid extracts , Alcoholic extract prepared to know what was compound it had and alkaloid extracts to test bioactivity of algae Cytotoxcity also was carried out on human red blood cells, the results revealed that alkaloid extract from E.intestinalis was nontoxic, whereas bioactive compounds isolated from O.brevis , N.carneum. Showed hemolytic action .The bioactivity of alkaloid extract was examined to elucidate their on ability to inhibit the growth of gram Positive and negative bacteria. .Biological activity of alkaloid extracts of three algae isolated were determined by using the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) againsttwo bacterial isolates. And also test the effect of filtrate pure algal culture on growth of plant pathogenic fungi ,also apparently that the algal alkaloid extract and isolated compounds exhibits antioxidant.The antitumor activity of the algal alkaloid extract from E.intestinalis against Rhabdo myosarcoma cell line was examined. The results showed that crude alkaloid extract possessed an antitumor bioactivity at low concentration 0.78mg / ml .In this study also was carried out to investigate the possibility of preventing the hypercholesterolemia by using alkaloid extract of E.intestinalis .it also aimed to study the effect of use this extract in reducing the Plasma Total Cholesterol (TC) , Triglyceride (TG), Low - Density Lipoprotein (LDL) , Very Low - Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and no effect on High - Density Lipoprotein (HDL).The identification of the compound was made depending on the active groups test and spectroscopic analyses including : Infrared (IR) and Gas Chromatography / Mass spectrum (GC - MS). The results of such analyses showed that alkaloid extract from E.intestinalisa has three compound these are Hexadecanamide , Methenamine and Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl est and alkaloid extract from N.carneum showed that has three compound 1,2 - Benzenedicarboxylic acid diisooctyles,ا9 - Octadecenamide, (Z) - )ااااا and Didecyl phthalate .Hexadecanamide purification from alkaloid extract of E.intestinalis depended on physical and chemical properties The identification of the compound was made depending on the active groups test and spectroscopic analyses including : Infrared (IR); Gas Chromatography / Mass spectrum (GC - MS) and this component showed bioactivity on gram. Positive and negative bacteria and it has also antioxidant activity

استخدام عوامل استحثاث لانتاج مؤيضات ثانوية من بعض عزلات انواع الفطر واختبار فعاليتها الضد بكتيرية والخلايا السرطانية Penicillium والكولسترول == Use of inducing agents in secondary metabolites production from some Penicillium isolates and assay their activity against bacteria , cancer cells and cholesterol

Author name: امل صالح عبد الرضا
Supervisor name: توفيق محمد محسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Fungi
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study was designed to investigate active compounds from different Penicillium isolates ,that isolated from different sources , using different media . Eleven isolates related to five species : P. chrysogenum, P.paxilli , P. citrinum, P. cosmopolitanum, P. digitatum were isolated. After primary screening was performed , the best isolates that have high antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacterial was selected. The selected isolates were cultured on fermentation media according to the suitable media for each isolate, and the active compounds were extracted using ethyl acetate as a solvent. P. cosmopolitanum and P. chrysogenum were cultured on penicillin production medium (PPM) , P. paxilli was cultured on Aspergillus complete medium (ACM) and P. digitatum and P. citrinum were cultured on solid state fermentation media consist of wheat bran . The efficiency of fungal crude extracts from each isolate against the reference strains S. aureus NCTC 6571 and E. coli ATCC 25922 and against Candida albicans (pathogenic and reference strain)was examined, and the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determinated for each extracts.The inhibition zone of fungal extracts against E. coli and S. aureus ranged between (20 - 50) mm , and they had high activity against C. albicans ( reference and pathogenic isolate) ranged between 25 - 45 mm.Induction of secondary metabolite production by the selected fungi was carried out using biological factor (Streptomyces sp.) , chemical agent (colchicine) and physical agent by UV radiation. Apparently that the biological induction by Streptomyces isolate was the best compared with the other treatments.The results revealed that the two fungal extracts ALO1 and Apax exhibit a high antioxidant activity at low concentrations and volumes of the extract compared to ascorbic acid as control. ALO1 had radical scavenging activity (RSA%) reach 99.9% at volume 3μl , and Apax had RSA 91.6% at concentration 500μg/ml. Also, the fungal extract ,ALO1, showed a significant activity as anticancer agent against RD - cell line. The IC50 of ALO1 was 8.5μl after 24h and 23.76μl after 72h. The hypercholesterolemia ability of ALO1 in vivo and in vitro was assayed . In vivo experiment designed using female albino mice and divided into three groups each one contain 8 mice : group 1 treated with 10μl , group 2 treated with 20μl of ALO1 , and group 3 treated with normal saline as control group. The results showed that total cholesterol , triglycerides, LDL and VLDL were significantly reduced when compared with control group while the HDL level was increased in comparing with control group. The chemical analysis of the crude extracts showed that Apen2 contained 259 μg/g of penicillin G when analyzed with HPLC apparatus . Also the GC mass analysis of ALO1 showed that Docasadionic acid initialize area76.18% and Palmitic acid initialize area 15.09% from the total identified compounds.Whereas the GC mass analysis of Apax showed that Hexandioic acid initialize area40% and Stearolic acid initialize area 35.57% from the total identified compounds.In addition , it was detected the presence of penicillin biosynthetic gene cluster : pcbAB, pcbC and penDE in P. cosmopolitanum and P. chrysogenum.The result showed that gene pcbC and penDE were found in the genomic DNA but the gene pcbAB was not amplified by PCR.

دراسة تصنيفية وبيئية لحشرات نصفية الاجنحة المائية وشبة المائية Heteroptera : Hemiptera في محافظة البصرة == Taxonomical And Ecological Study of Aquatic And Semiaquatic Insects(Heteroptera : Hemiptera) In Basrah Provience

Author name: اسماء عبد الزهرة سبع العيداني
Supervisor name: ضياء خليف كريم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Pure Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Present studies dealing with the taxonomical and ecological studies of the aquatic Hemiptera : Heteroptera in eight stations in Basrah provience ,which are : Al - Medina , Al - Qurna , Basrah center ,Shat Al - Arab , Al - Zubair , Abu Al - Khasib , Al - Faw and Sullein Marsh, collection was done twise monthly during the period from April 2012 to March 2013 .Results showed the presence of nine species belonging to aquatic Hemiptera , three belonging the group Gerromorpha and six the group Nepomorpha,as follows : Group : Gerromorpha(Popov,1971)Family : Gerridae ( Leach , 1815)1 - Aquarius nebularis(Schellenberg,1800)Family : Mesoveliidae(Douglast and Scott , 1867 )2 - Mesovelia vettigera( Horvath , 1895 ) ( apterous )M .vettigera( Horvath , 1895 ) ( macropterous )Family : Macroveliidae3 - Macrovelia hornii(Uhler , 1872 )Grouop : Nepomorpha(Popov,1968)Family : Nepidae ( Latreille , 1802 )4 - Nepa cinerea( Linnaeus , 1758 )Family : Corixidae ( Leach,1815 )Subfamily : Cymatianiae ( Walton , 1940 )5 - Cymatia bonsdorffii(Sahlberg , 1819 )Subfamily : Corixinae ( Leach , 1815 )6 - Sigara(Vermicorixa) latelaris ( Leach , 1815 )Family : Belostomatidae ( Leach , 1815 )7 - Lethocerus fakir(Mayr , 1852)Family : Notonectidae ( Latreille , 1802 )8 - Anisops sardeus(Herrich - Schaeffer , 1849)AbstractBFamily : Pleidae ( Fieber , 1851 )9 - Plea leachi(McGregor and Kirdaldy,1899)Among the collected species ,six were regarded as new records to the Iraqi fauna of this order,they were : A. nebularis,M. vettigera( macrpterous) , M . vettigera( apterous), Ma.hornii , N.cinerea , C.bonsdorffii andP.leachi.Study also deal with the measuring of some ecological aspects like air and water temperatures , salinity , pH and dissolved oxygen ,and their effected on the monthly distribution of the aquatic Hemiptera. Temperature was the most effective aspect in the monthly distribution of the insects ,as the lowest numbers were recorded in Summer months and the highest number were in Winter months , the ranges of the air temperatures were 9 - 43º C and water temperatures were 2 - 33º C .The highest concentrations of salinity was recorded in Al - Zubair , Abu Al - Khasib and Al - Faw reached to 35g/l in Al - Zubair in July , the pH ranges were the same in all stations and was alkalid , their ranges were 7.3 - 7.8 , about the dissolved oxygen it was low and same in all stations except in Sullein Marsh which reached to 11 mg/l in January .The concentration of some heavy metals in water also studied like Fe, Pb, Cu and Zn , the highest concentrations were to Fe and Zn in Basrah center and Al - Zubair, and the highest concentration for Fe in Al - Zubair reached to 6362.21μ/L in August, while highest concentration for Zn in Basrah center reached to 1365.92μ/L in July, while in the other stations the concentrations were lowest .The study also used the water boatmen Sigara latelaris(Leach,1817) as bioindicators of heavy metals pollution in the water of Basrah provience , and taken Sullein marsh as control , and measuring the concentrations of the heavy metals in insects tissues , water and sediments , the results showed that the insects collected from the water of the center of the city can accumulate Fe andAbstractCZn in their tissues and the highest concentrations reached to 3562.16 and 3778.12 μ /gm for Fe and Zn in July , while in the insects taken from Sullein marsh were 286.25 and 285.17 μ /gm .The concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediments of the city center were measured and the highest concentration was for Fe and Zn , and reached to 1569.91 and 1365.91 μ /L of the water of city center , while reached to 215.01 and 223.14 from the same metals in the water of Sullein marsh , the concentrations of the same metals were recorded in sediments of the city center and reached to 2865.16 and 1982.56 μ /gm for Fe and Zn , and the highest concentrations of the same metals in Sullein marsh were 418.57 and 393.74 μ /gm .

دراسة تاثيرالسمية النباتية والوراثية لتراكيز مختلفة من الاوكسينات ومضادات التلوث في استحثاث الكالس الاولي لنخيل صنف الحلاوي. (Phoenix dactylifera L.) التم == Assessment of Phytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of different Auxins concentrations and decontamination agents on initiation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) primary callus of Hillawii cv.

Author name: اسراء عبد الرزاق حميد السامر
Supervisor name: صبيح داود محمد العطبي | محمد حمزة عباس
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Tissue
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the growth regulators 2, 4 - D; Dicamba and NAA on the induction of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) primary callus Hillawii cv., by analyzing morphological, biochemical; anatomical and molecular responses. Three concentration of 2, 4 - D (10; 50 and 100 mg/L), Dicamba (1; 5 and 10 mg/L) and 30 mg/L of NAA were examined during the course of this study. in addition, several antimicrobial agents were selected to evaluate their morphological and biochemical impacts on the primary callus of date palm including the antibiotics (Gentamycin 50 mg/L and Chloramphenicol 50 and 100 mg/L), as well as, the fungicides (Switch 1 g/L and Beltanol 1 ml/L), After induction of the primary callus from each treatments, the following results were obtained : 1. The results showed that the treatments with 2, 4 - D at 10 mg/L and Dicamba at 1 and 5 mg/L did not stimulate any callus growth over the time of incubation on MS medium.2. It was evident that the treatments of different growth regulators have a significant effect on the initial period (day) for callus initiation, the shortest period have been obtained with the low concentration of 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L) and Dicamba (10 mg/L) which were 67.57 and 66.75 days, respectively, while the high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) led to increase this period significantly up to 120 days.3. Both fresh and dry weight of date palm primary callus decreased significantly at the treatment of high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) up to two folds compared to the treatment at low concentration of 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L), similar trend of results were found with browning percentage and intensity.4. Biochemical analysis of produced date palm primary callus revealed that the high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) led to a significant increase in the total content of carbohydrates; Proline, Peroxidase activity and Phenolic compounds which considered as a stress indicators, and another decrease of total soluble proteins and free amino acids was accompanied with this treatment compared to the same growth regulator at low concentration and Dicamba treatments.5. Anatomical study revealed that asignificant damage was caused by the high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L) on date palm primary callus, this damage was evident from the abundant and distribution of tannins compounds across the primary callus tissues, thus, was accompanied with high percent of browning, compared with the treatments of 2, 4 - D at low concentration, Dicamba and NAA.6. The analysis of Protein profile revealed the similarity between the patterns of control treatment (juvenile leaf of Hillawii cv.) and 2, 4 - D at low concentration, as well as, Dicamba. Similarity indices results for protein profile of date palm primary callus proved the genetic similarity of 100% between control treatment and both 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L) and Dicamba ones, while, the lowest similarity percentage was observed with high concentration of 2, 4 - D (100 mg/L).7. The results of RAPD marker analysis of the extracted genomic DNA form date palm primary callus using four deca oligonucleotide primers showed the efficiency of three primers (OPAR3; OPAR8 and P.650) in their amplification of examined DNA,. RAPD profile revealed an identical matching between control treatment and 2, 4 - D at low concentration, followed by Dicamba and NAA auxins, while, the increasing in 2, 4 - D concentration up to 100 mg/L led to disappearance and the appearance of new DNA bands compared to control treatment, with a highest genetic distance among other treatments.Similarity coefficient analysis showed that the highest genetic similarities were found between control treatment and 2, 4 - D (50 mg/L) with similarity index of 96% , followed by Dicamba and NAA treatments with indices of 74 and 66%, respectively, the lowest similarity index was obtained between control and 2, 4 - D at high concentration which was 27%.8. The screening results of antimicrobial agents showed that the treatment with Switch fungicide (1 g/L) and Gentamycin antibiotic ( 50 mg/L) did not stimulate any callus growth over the time of incubation on MS medium supplemented with either 2, 4 - D or Dicamba.9. Beltanol fungicides (1 ml/L) treatment had a negative effect on the initiated primary callus either by 2, 4 - D or Dicamba, its treatment led to a high significant reduction in total solubleprotein and free amino acid content compared to control results, while an increase of total carbohydrates, Phenolic compounds, Proline and Peroxidase activity was detected with Beltanol fungicide.10. The Chloramphenicol treatment at low concentration (50 mg/L) showed positive results on the growth of primary callus at 2, 4 - D or Dicamba auxins according to morphological and biochemical analysis.

التحلل والمعالجة الاحيائية للمركبات الهيدروكاربونية النفطية بوساطة سلالات Streptomyces وNocardiopsis المعزولة من الترب الملوثة بالنفط في محافظة البصرة - العراق == Biodegradation and bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons by Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis strains isolated from oil contaminated soil of Basrah Governorate - Iraq

Author name: احمد عبد برغال الاسدي
Supervisor name: كوثر هواز مهدي | نادية عبد الامير المظفر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Biotechnologies
Degree: Doctorate
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Science - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: سبعة سلالات من البكتريا الخيطية تعود الى جنسي Streptomyces وNocardiopsis عزلت من ترب شركة مصافي الجنوب الملوثة بالنفط الخام في البصرة جنوب العراق، وقد تم اختبار قدرتها على النمو بوجود النفط الخام باستعمال وسط ملحي سائل مزود بالنفط الخام كمصدر وحيد للكربون. شملت السلالات على S. variabilis 7525 وS. variabilis SW75 وS. cellulosae XFB - T وS. parvus S86 وS. bacillaris S4BW2 وS. flavoviridis VITHM - 1 وN. synnemataformans ITD - 3 بنسبة تشابه من 99٪ الى 100٪. في هذه الدراسة تم العثور على سلالات جديدة من البكتريا الخيطية المعزولة من التربة الملوثة شخصت باستعمال تحديد تتابعات جين الحامض النووي الريبوزي 16S rRNA وقد اظهرت السلالات قدرات مختلفة على تحلل النفط الخام في الوسط الملحي السائل من 50.2٪ الى 72.4٪. كما تم تقييم تاثير الظروف الزرعية من درجة الحرارة والدالة الحامضية وتركيز النفط الخام والعناصر النزرة في نمو سلالات البكتريا الخيطية وتحلل النفط الخام، وقد لوحظ ان اعلى نمو للخلايا واعلى تحلل للنفط الخام كان 80٪ في ظروف زراعة مثالية ( درجة حرارة 30 ᵒم ودالة حامضية 7 بعد 10 ايام من الحضن وزادت هذه النسبة الى 85٪ من قبل السلالة S. cellulosae XFB - T بعد اضافة العناصر النزرة.في حين اظهرت نتائج اختبار التحلل الحيوي للنفط الخام في التربة من قبل سلالات البكتريا الخيطية منفردة بعد 60 يوما من الحضن تحت ظروف مختلفة ، اظهرت ان اعلى قيمة للتحلل كانت 87 ٪ من قبل النوع S. bacillaris عند درجة حرارة 30 ᵒم وحجم لقاح مضاف 10مل/ 25غم تربة ومستوى رطوبة 40٪.المعالجة الاحيائية هي ستراتيجية فعالة لتنظيف المواقع الملوثة بالهيدروكربونات. ونتيجة تاثر الكائنات الحية الدقيقة من تلك التربة يحدث لها اضطراب وبالتالي يتم انتقاء الاحياء المجهرية القادرة على استهلاك الهيدروكربونات لاستخدامها في هذه التقنية الفعالة في التعامل مع الملوثات الهيدروكربونية. الهيدروكربونات التي تتفاعل مع نسجة التربة والكائنات الحية الدقيقة هي التي تحدد مصير الملوثات وطبيعتها الكيميائية والقدرات الهادمة للميكروبات. الاثار المحتملة لنشارة الخشب، وخليط من روث الابقار والغنم وتعديل المكملات الغذائية لتحفيز الكائنات الدقيقة الاصلية وزيادة المعالجة البيولوجية للهيدروكربونات، هذه العملية تم اجراءها باستعمال طريقة المعالجة خارج الموقع بطريقتي الكومة والمفاعل الحيوي، بخلط التربة الملوثة مع نشارة الخشب والروث الحيواني ودعم التربة بالمغذيات والعناصر النزره مع توفير الرطوبة الملائمة والظروف المواتية لنمو الكائنات الحية الدقيقة كما قدمت التهوية الصناعية للتربة في الكومة والمفاعل بوساطة شبكة من الانابيب المثقبة لمحاكاة المعالجة الحيوية التي استمرت مدة 90 يوما.خلال تلك الفترة، رصدت الهيدروكربونات النفطية الكلية (TPHs) وازالة الالكانات الاعتيادية والتغيرات في المجتمعات البكتيرية. وقد اظهرت النتائج ان (TPHs) قد انخفضت من 52غم/كغم الى 10.6 غم / كغم بمعدل تحلل بلغ 79.6٪ ومعدل تحفيز كان 71.4٪ في تجربة الكومة ومن 52غم/كغم الى 13.5 غم / كغم بمعدل تحلل بلغ 74٪ ومعدل تحفيز كان 63.5٪ في تجربة المفاعل الحيوي. وخلال مدة 45 يوما من الاختبار بلغت اعداد الكائنات الحية الدقيقة من البكتيريا المضافة والمستوطنة التي تحلل المواد الهيدروكربونية اعلى مستوى لها 2 × 710 خلية/ غم و1.1 × 710 خلية/ غم في الكومة والمفاعل الحيوي على التوالي.بناء على هذه المعطيات، نستنتج ان المعالجة الحيوية خارج الموقع افضل ستراتيجيه غير مكلفة وفعالة وصديقة للبيئة وبالتالي قد توفر خيارا قابلا للتطبيق لمعالجة التربة من الملوثات الهيدروكربونات النفطية. | Seven actinomycetes strains from genera Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil in Basra Governorate, Iraq were selected for their capacity to grow in the presence of crude oil. Their growth rates and biodegradation ability were investigated in mineral salt media supplemented with light Remella crude oil. These strains consist of Streptomyces variabilis 7525, Streptomyces variabilis 5W75, Streptomyces cellulosae XFB - T, Streptomyces parvus S86, Streptomyces bacillaris S4BW2, Streptomyces flavoviridis VITHM - 1 and Nocardiopsis synnemataformans ITD - 3, that the sequence identity range from 99% to 100%. Our study find a new actinomycetes strains isolated from contaminated soil. these strains appears different capacity on the degradation of crude oil in mineral salt media , the highest was found to vary from 50.2% to 72.4%.The effect of the cultivation factors (temperature, pH, and concentration of crude oil and trace elements ) on growth of the actinomycetes strains and crude oil degradation was evaluated. The highest cell growth and the amount of crude oil degraded 80% were observed in optimized cultivation conditions (30oC and initial pH 7) after 10 days, this ratio reached to 85% by addition of trace elements solution at same condition by S. cellulosae XFB - T.The biodegradation test lasted 60 days in soil by actinomycetes strains at different factors shown the highest of the crude oil was removed in experiment that inoculums with 10ml of each bacterial strain, value 87% by Streptomyces bacillaris S4BW2 at 30oC. Bioremediation is an efficient strategy for cleaning up sites contaminated by hydrocarbons. Microorganism of soil is affected by hydrocarbon disturbance thus selective enrichment of hydrocarbon utilizers occurs. The technology is very effective in dealing with petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. Hydrocarbons react with the soil matrix and microorganisms determining the fate of the contaminants relative to their chemical nature and microbial degradative capabilities. The potential effects of sawdust, and mixture of cow and sheep dung as amendment nutrient supplements to biostimulate autochthonous microflora and augmentation for hydrocarbon bioremediation were investigated in test biopile and bioreactor. The soil was ground and fluffed by admixture of 1.5% sawdust, then supplemented with the necessary minerals and watered to provide conditions favoring microorganism growth industrial aeration was provided in pile by system of a abundant perforated drainage - pip network to simulate bioremediation treatments through a 90 - day period. During this period, we monitored total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and n - alkanes degradation and changes in bacterial communities. The (TPHs) had been reduced from 52 to 10.6 g/kg (79.6 %), the rate of Biostimulants Efficiency (BE) was (71.4%) in biopile and from 52 to 13.5 g/kg (63.5 %) in bioreactor . In soil, the dominant microorganism population comprised Gram - positive bacteria from actinomycete group and autochthonous microorganisms which decompose hydrocarbons reached highest level 2 x 107 and to 1.1 x 107 CFU/g at 45 days in biopile and bioreactor respectively . Based on these data, the study conclude that is ex situ ( Biopile and bioreactor ) experiment the best strategy, inexpensive, efficient, and environmentally friendly and may thus offer a viable choice for petroleum hydrocarbons - contaminated soil remediation.

ما وراء الاستيعاب وعلاقته بالذكاء الشخصي لدى مرتفعي الكفاءة الذاتية ومنخفضيها من طلبة الجامعة

Author name: نورا حامد حسن
Supervisor name: زينب حياوي بديوي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يستهدف البحث تعرف : 1 - ما وراء الاستيعاب لدى مرتفعي الكفاءة الذاتية من طلبة الجامعة.2 - ما وراء الاستيعاب لدى منخفضي الكفاءة الذاتية من طلبة الجامعة.3 - الذكاء الشخصي لدى مرتفعي الكفاءة الذاتية من طلبة الجامعة.4 - الذكاء الشخصي لدى منخفضي الكفاءة الذاتية من طلبة الجامعة.5 - العلاقة الارتباطية بين ما وراء الاستيعاب والذكاء الشخصي لدى مرتفعي الكفاءة الذاتية من طلبة الجامعة.6 - - العلاقة الارتباطية بين ما وراء الاستيعاب والذكاء الشخصي لدى منخفضي الكفاءة الذاتية من طلبة الجامعة.7 - الفروق في العلاقة بين ما وراء الاستيعاب والذكاء الشخصي لدى مرتفعي الكفاءة الذاتيةمن طلبة الجامعة وفقا لمتغير الجنس (ذكور - اناث).8 - الفروق في العلاقة بين ما وراء الاستيعاب والذكاء الشخصي لدى مرتفعي الكفاءة الذاتية من طلبة الجامعة وفقا لمتغير التخصص (علمي - انساني).9 - الفروق في العلاقة بين ما وراء الاستيعاب والذكاء الشخصي لدى منخفضي الكفاءة الذاتية من طلبة الجامعة وفقا لمتغير الجنس (ذكور - اناث).10 - الفروق في العلاقة بين ما وراء الاستيعاب والذكاء الشخصي لدى منخفضي الكفاءة الذاتية من طلبة الجامعة وفقا لمتغير التخصص (علمي - انساني). وتحقيقا لذلك تم استخدام ثلاث ادوات للبحث, اذ اعتمدت المقياس الاول ما وراء الاستيعابMoormZabrucky&Commer,1997)) الذي تم ترجمة والتحقق من صدقه وثباتهوتكون المقياس من سبعة مجالات هي : 1 - القلق, 2 - الانجاز, 3 - الاستراتيجية, 4 - القدرة, 5 - المهمة, 6 - وجهة الضبط, 7 - التنظيم.وبدائل الاجابة هي (ينطبق علي دائما, ينطبق علي غالبا, ينطبق علي احيانا, ينطبق علي نادرا, لا ينطبق علي ابدا ) تعطى لها الدرجات (1,2,3,4,5) حسب اتجاه الفقرة. اما مقياس الذكاء الشخصي, فقد اعتمدت الباحثة مقياس(Candy Ebeling.1992) اذ تمت ترجمة المقياس, والتحقق منصدقه وثباته, يتكون المقياس من (10) فقرات ويتم الاجابة عليهبالدرجات (10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1). وتمبناء مقياس الكفاءة الذاتية, اعتمادا على النظرية الاجتماعية للعالم باندورا حيث تكون المقياس من (50) فقرة موزعة على مجالين : 1 - الكفاءة الذاتية العامة, 2 - الكفاءة الذاتية الاكاديمية. وامام كل فقرة بدائل وهي (ينطبق علي دائما, ينطبق علي غالبا, ينطبق علي احيانا, ينطبق علي نادرا, لا ينطبق علي ابدا)معطى لها الدرجات (1,2,3,4,5) وتحقق من الصدق بطريقة (الصدق الظاهري, والصدق التمييزي, وصدق البناء) والثبات للمقاييس بطريقتي (اعادة الاختبار,والفاكرونباخ) وكذلك التحقق من القوة التمييزية لفقرات المقاييس وذلك بتطبيقهاعلى عينة قوامها (400) طالب وطالبة من طلبة جامعة البصرة للدراسة الصباحية. وبعد التحقق من دقة الخصائص السيكومترية لمقاييس البحث , تم تطبيقهاعلى عينة البحث الاساسية , البالغ عددها (600) طالب وطالبة من طلبة جامعة البصرة, اختيروا باسلوب العينة العشوائية. وتم استخراج النتائج باستعمال الحقيبة الاحصائية (Spss) والوسائل هي (معامل ارتباط بيرسون, الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة, والاختبار الزائي) وظهرت النتائج ما ياتي : 1•ان عينة البحث من مرتفعي الكفاءة الذاتية ومنخفضيها لديهم ما وراء الاستيعاب.2•ان عينة البحث من مرتفعي الكفاءة الذاتية ومنخفضيها لديهم ذكاء شخصي.3•هناك علاقة ارتباطية موجبة بين ما وراء الاستيعاب والذكاء الشخصي لدى مرتفعي الكفاءة الذاتية.4•لا توجد علاقة بين ما وراء الاستيعاب والذكاء الشخصي لدى منخفضي الكفاءة الذاتية.5•لا توجد فروق في العلاقة بين ما وراء الاستيعاب والذكاء الشخصي لدى مرتفعي ومنخفضيها, تبعا للجنس والتخصص. وقد خرج البحث بجملة من التوصيات والمقترحات. | The current research aimed at : 1 - Identifying meta - comprehension of students with high self - efficacy. 2 - Identifying meta - comprehension for students with low self - efficacy. 3 - Identifying personal intelligence for students with high self - efficacy.4 - Identifying personal intelligence of students with low self - efficacy.5 - Identifying the relationship between meta - comprehension and personal intelligence for students with high self - efficacy. 6 - Identifying the relationship between meta - comprehension and personal intelligence for students with low self - efficacy.7 - Identifying differences in relationship between meta - comprehension and personal intelligence according to gender and specialization of students with high self - efficacy (male - female). 8 - Identifying differences in relationship between meta - comprehension and personal intelligence according to gender and specialization of students with high self - efficacy(scientific - humanity).9 - Identifying differences in relationship between meta - comprehension and personal intelligence according to gender and specialization of students with low self - efficacy(male - female). 10 - Identifying differences in relatipponship between meta - comprehension and personal intelligence according to gender and specialization of students with low self - efficacy(scientific - humanity). To achieve goals, three tools were utilized by the researcher. The first tool was the Meta - comprehension Scale (Moormzabrucky & Commer, 1997). The scale was translated and verified for reliability and validity, and consisted of seven sub - scales including : 1) anxiety, 2) achievement, 3) strategy, 4) ability, 5) task, 6) Locus of Control, and 7) organization. Possible alternative choices (i.e. always, almost, often, rarely, and never) ranged between 1 to 5 degrees for each items. Secondly, the researcher used personal intelligence scale (Candy Ebeling, 1992). The scale was translated and verified for reliability and validity, and consisted of (10) items with answers ranged from 1 to 10. In addition, Self - Efficacy Scale was built by the researcher based on Bandura's social theory, the scale consisted of (50) items distributed to two fields : 1) general self - efficacy, and 2) academic self - efficacy. Possible alternative choices for each item were : always, almost, often, rarely, and never. For each items, degrees ranged between 1 and 5. Reliability was verified using external validity, discriminatory validity and structure. On the other hand, reliability was verified using test - retest and alpha Cranach's coefficient. Finally, discriminative power of items was verified by application over (400) male/female students of Basrah University. After verifying psychometric properties of research tools and items, the tools were applied on the basic sample of research, as the final sample of current research consisted of (600) male/female students of Al Basrah University, selected randomly. Percentage benchmark was utilized by the researcher to identify students with high and low self - efficacy. Thus, percentage benchmark of (25) was extracted (i.e. 170 degrees), meaning that each one gets 170 degrees and below is categorized in the group of students with low self - efficacy (the actual number was 153 students). The other benchmark was 25% (i.e. 194 degrees), meaning that each student gets 194 degrees and above is categorized in the group of students with high self - efficacy (the actual number is 151 students). Results were concluded using SPSS, as the statistical tools included mean degrees, standard deviation, differences, Pearson coefficient, t - test for one and two samples. Accordingly, the following were found : • Meta - comprehension level was significantly present for research sample of students with high and low self - efficacy. • Personal intelligence variable was present for students with high self - efficacy. • It was found a relationship between meta - comprehension and personal intelligence specifically for students with high and low self - efficacy, indicating the significance of intelligence for meta - comprehension. • There were no differences in the relationship between meta - comprehension and personal intelligence for students with high self - efficacy according to gender and specialization. • There were no differences in the relationship between meta - comprehension and personal intelligence for students with low self - efficacy. Finally, recommendations and suggestions are given by The researcher

اثر برنامج تدريبي في مستوى التوجهات الدافعية لدى طلبة كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية

Author name: نسرين محمد راضي
Supervisor name: بتول غالب الناهي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: التعرف على فاعلية برنامج تدريبي في رفع مستوى التوجهات الدافعية( الداخلية ) لدى طلبة كلية التربية.وانبثق من هذا الهدف الفرضيات الاتية : 1 - لاتوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين رتب درجات الاختبار القبلي والاختبار البعدي للمجموعة الضابطة على مقياس التوجهات الدافعية الداخلية والخارجية عند مستوى دلالة (0.01). توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين رتب درجات الاختبار القبلي والاختبار البعدي للمجموعة الضابطة على مقياس التوجهات الدافعية الداخلية والخارجية عند مستوى دلالة (0.01).2 - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين رتب درجات الاختبار القبلي والاختبار البعدي للمجموعة التجريبية على مقياس التوجهات الدافعية الداخلية والخارجية عند مستوى دلالة (0.01).توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين رتب درجات الاختبار القبلي والاختبار البعدي للمجموعة التجريبية على مقياس التوجهات الدافعية الداخلية والخارجية عند مستوى دلالة (0.01).3 - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين رتب درجات المجموعتين (الضابطة والتجريبية)على مقياس التوجهات الدافعية الداخلية والخارجية في الاختبار البعدي عند مستوى دلالة (0.01).توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين رتب درجات المجموعتين (الضابطة والتجريبية)على مقياس التوجهات الدافعية الداخلية والخارجية في الاختبار البعدي عند مستوى دلالة (0.01).ولتحقيق اهداف البحث الحالي تبنت الباحثة مقياس التوجهات الدافعية ل ( كين ، 2008 ) حيث تم تطبيقه على عينة البحث البالغة ( 361 ) بعد ان قامت الباحثة باستخراج الصدق الظاهري للمقياس ,والثبات بطريقة الفاكرونباخ حيث تراوح معامل ثبات الدافعية الداخلية (79,0) ومعامل ثبات الدافعية الخارجية( 76 ,0)،وقد صصمت الباحثة برنامج تدريبي قائم على انموذج منحى النظم تضمن مجموعة من الانشطة والتدريبات وغيرها من الفنيات الاخرى التي تسهم في رفع مستوى التوجهات الدافعية الداخلية وخفض التوجهات الدافعية الخارجية. اما عينة البحث الاساسية فقد تكونت من (361) طالبا وطالبة من جامعة البصرة كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية للعام الدراسي (2016 - 2017) . اما العينة التجريبية بلغ عددها (20)تم اختيارها بصورة عشوائية, وقد وزعت الى مجموعتين (10) ضابطة و(10) تجريبية وتم مكافاة المجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة بالمتغيرات ( القياس القبلي لمتغير التوجهات الدافعية, التحصيل الدراسي للاب والام ، المستوى الاقتصادي , والعمر الزمني) . حيث خضعت المجموعة التجريبية الى (19) جلسة تدريبية بواقع جلستين في الاسبوع وتراوحت مدة الجلسة الى (60) دقيقة ،ثم تحليل نتائج الاختبارات القبلية والبعدية حسب الحقيبة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية spss))واسفرت نتائج البحث الحالي عن الاتي : - ان طالبات المرحلة الثالثة لديهن انخفاض في الدافعية الداخلية وارتفاع في الدافعية الخارجيةوان البرنامج التدريبي المبني على انموذج منحى النظم كان ذا فاعلية في رفع الدافعية الداخلية وخفض الدافعية الخارجية لدى الطالبات . التوصيات1 - .ضرورة اهتمام المؤسسات التربوية الجامعية باعداد طلبة يمتلكون القدرة العلمية ويستطيعوا توجيه دافعيتهم بالاتجاه الصحيح .2.تضمين المناهج الدراسية في الكليات بموضوعات دراسية وثقافية تساعد على رفع التوجهات الدافعية .3.ضرورة الاهتمام بالتوجهات الدافعية للطلبة عن طريق حث القائمين على عملية التعلم على توفير بيئة مناسبة تساعد على رفعها عند طلبتهم .4. استفادة المدرسين من البرنامج التدريبي الذي اعدته الباحثة في رفع مستوى التوجهات الدافعية لدى طلبتهم.5. استفادة المدرسين من البرنامج التدريبي الذي اعدته الباحثة في تنمية التوجهات الدافعية لدى طلبتهم6. حث ادارات الجامعات لاستثمار المستوى العالي للتوجهات الدافعية الداخلية للحصول على افضل النتائج العلميةالمقترحات.بناء برامج تعليمية لرفع مستوى التوجهات الدافعية او لتحسينها لدى طلبة الجامعة باستعمال نماذج تدريبية اخرى. 2. اجراء دراسة مماثلة عن التوجهات الدافعية لدى الطلبة في الجامعات الاخرى لمعرفة مدى مطابقة نتائجها مع نتائج البحث الحالي

التفضيل المعرفي وعلاقته بتجهيز المعلومات لدى طلبة كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية == Cognitive Preference and Its Relationship with Information Supply among the Students of the College of Education for Human Sciences

Author name: ميساء صبري جاسم الحلفي
Supervisor name: نبيل كاظم نهير الشمري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The identification of cognitive preference styles is necessary for the student to choose the suitable teaching styles. For the first sight, cognitive preference may appear to be of a cognitive aspect but in reality it has other dimensions where it refers to the favorite style of the individual in processing and organizing the information. Thinking about it is not confined to the cognitive behavior only but it goes beyond it to the social behavior and other personality sides. The best is not the students' ability to identify correct and incorrect information, but the best is how to deal with the information cognitively, this way of dealing represent a big problem among most of the learners.The goal of the research : the present research aims at knowing (the relationship between cognitive preferences in providing information among the students of the college of education for human sciences) through the following : Limits of the research : the research is limited to : 1. Human Side represented by a sample of first and third year students at the college of education for human sciences, Basrah University.2. Spatial side represented by the college of education for human sciences, Basrah University.3. Temporal side represented by the academic year 2015 - 2016.Research Procedures : In order to achieve the goals of the present study the researcher used (Safar, 2011) scale to measure cognitive preferences among university students. The psychometric characteristics which are represented by finding more than one type of reliability, the discriminatory power of its items, and its stability. Another scale was used also to measure information supply among university students which was prepared by (Alwan, 2009) for it has psychometric characteristics represented by reliability, stability, discriminatory power of its items and being used in anotherscientific study. All these features make it possible to be applied. The researcher applied both scales on a random sample of male and female students in the college of education for human sciences, university of Basrah. The number of the sample is 450 students.The researcher has used Pearson's correlative coefficient to measure the relationship between cognitive preference and information supply among the members of the study sample. The T - Test has also been used to find out if there are statistically significant differences among the individuals of the study sample in terms of cognitive preference and information supply. The T - Test for two different samples has been used as well to find out if there are statistically significant differences among the individuals of the study sample in terms the sex variable (males - females).Research Results : The results of the statistical analysis have shown that there is a positive and statistically significant correlative relationship cognitive preference and information supply among the individuals of the study sample. Pearson's correlative coefficient was (0.543). In terms of the sex variable, the results have shown that there were statistically significant differences in terms of cognitive preference and information supply for females.The researcher interprets this positive and statistically significant correlative relationship between cognitive preference and information supply among the individuals of the study sample in general; however, both cognitive preference and information supply are mental skills that require inner systematic study of the learner, through which he can develop the processes of systemizing, acquiring, producing and supplying the information.

الذكاء الوجودي وعلاقته باساليب التفكير لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية == Existential Intelligence and Its relationship with Thinking Styles among Preparatory School Students

Author name: لمياء حطاب رحيم المالكي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: الذكاء الوجودي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية.2. الذكاء الوجودي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية حسب متغيري الجنس والتخصص الدراسي .3. اساليب التفكير لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية.4. اساليب التفكيرالمفضلة لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية حسب متغيري الجنس - والتخصص الدراسي .5. العلاقة الارتباطية بين الذكاء الوجودي واساليب التفكير المفضلة لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية .وقد بلغت عينة الدراسة (460) طالبا وطالبة منهم ( 265) طالبا و(195) طالبة، ومن التخصصين العلمي والادبي في المدارس الحكومية، اختيرت بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم اعداد اداة لقياس الذكاء الوجودي حسب نظرية كاردنر، وتبني مقياس اساليب التفكير ل( الجميلي، 2013) وفق نظرية هاريسون وبرامسون وتم التحقق من الخصائص السايكومترية لكلا المقياسين,واستخراج الصدق والثبات لهما , وقد تم استعمال الوسائل الاحصائية الاتية ( تحليل التباين الثنائي، معامل ارتباط بيرسون، الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة، والاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين، ومعادلة الفا كرونباخ لحساب الثبات، والنسبة المئوية ) توصل البحث الى النتائج الاتية : 1. ان طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية يتمتعون بمستوى جيد من الذكاء الوجودي .2. لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية حسب متغيري الجنس والتخصص على مقياس الذكاء الوجودي .3. ان طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية يمتلكون جميع اساليب التفكير بصورة عامة وكان الاسلوب المفضل لديهم في المرتبة الاولى هو الاسلوب المثالي ويليه الاسلوب التركيبي فالاسلوب التحليلي فالعملي فالاسلوب الواقعي على التوالي .4. توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في اساليب التفكير ( المثالي - العملي - الواقعي ) حسب متغير الجنس ولصالح الاناث في الاسلوب المثالي ولصالح الذكور في الاسلوبين ( العملي - الواقعي ) ولا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في اسلوبي التفكير ( التركيبي - التحليلي ) حسب متغير الجنس، وتوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في اساليب التفكير ( التركيبي - المثالي) ولصالح الفرع الادبي وفي اساليب التفكير ( التحليلي - الواقعي ) لصالح الفرع العلمي، ولا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في اسلوب التفكير( العملي ) في متغير التخصص لدى افراد العينة .5. وجودعلاقة ارتباطية ضعيفة بين الذكاء الوجودي واساليب التفكير الخمسة ( التركيبي - المثالي - العملي - التحليلي - الواقعي ) لدى افراد العينة .وقد ناقشت الباحثة تلك النتائج مع نتائج الدراسات السابقة وقد خرجت الباحثة بعدد من التوصيات منها الحفاظ على مستوى الذكاء الوجودي وتنميته , واعداد برامج تدريبية في المدارس الاعدادية تتضمن فعاليات اجتماعية وتربوية ودينية تساعد على تنمية الذكاء الوجودي لدى الطلبة , تضمين البرامج الارشادية في المدارس فعاليات تدريبية لتطوير اساليب التفكير لدى الطلبة , واستكمالا للبحث خرجت الباحثة بعدد من المقترحات لدراسات مستقبلية منها اجراء دراسة لمعرفة العلاقة بين الذكاء الوجودي ومتغيرات اخرى مثل (دافع الانجاز , الصحة النفسية ,التفكير الايجابي )وكذلك اجراء دراسات في مجال الذكاء الوجودي وعلاقته باساليب التفكير وفقا لنظريات اخرى | The researcher discussed these results with the results of the previous studies and the researcher cam out with a number of reconservation including the level of existential intelligence and its development,the preparation of guidance programs in the preparatory schools include social ,educational and religious activities that help to develop the students, existential intelligence ,the training programs in the schools included training activites to develop the thinking methods of the student ,Astudy of the relationship between existential intelligence and other variables such as motivation for achievement, mental health,positive thinking , us well as conducting studies in the field of existential intelligence and its relation to methods of thinking according to other theories

الاسلوب الابداعي " التجديدي - التكيفي " وعلاقته بمواجهة الضغوط لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا في جامعة البصرة == INNOVATIVE STYLE (RECREATIVE AND ADAPTIVE) AND ITS RELATION IN CONFRONTING HIGH STUDIES STUDENTS PRESSURES IN BASRA UNIVERSITY

Author name: فراقد ياسين طه العاتي
Supervisor name: نبيل كاظم نهير الشمري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يعد الاسلوب المعرفي هو احد السبل التي يمكن من خلالها فهم تفضيلات الطلاب في معالجة المعلومات وتتحدد مشكلة الدراسة في التساؤل الاتي : ما علاقة الاسلوب الابداعي ( التجديدي - التكيفي) بمواجهة الضغوط لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا في جامعة البصرة ؟ فنظرية الاسلوب الابداعي التي يشار اليها اختصارا(A - I) تعرف بنظرية (التكيف - االتجديد) يمكن تفسير نظرية التكيف - التجديد بانها معدة اساسا للاستفادة من التنوع على المدى الطويل ومعرفة العلاقات بين الاختلافات في الاسلوب الابداعي واساليب مواجهة الضغوط . ويهدف البحث الحالي الى معرفة ماياتي : 1 - نوع الاسلوب الابداعي الذي يستخدمه طلبة الدراسات العليا بجامعة البصرة.2 - مستوى مواجهة الضغوط لدى افراد العينة.3 - العلاقة بين الاسلوب الابداعي ومواجهة الضغوط لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا.4 - العلاقة بين الاسلوب الابداعي واساليب مواجهة الضغوط لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا تبعا لمتغير النوع الاجتماعي(ذكور - اناث).5 - العلاقة بين الاسلوب الابداعي واساليب مواجهة الضغوط حسب متغير المرحلة الدراسية (ماجستير,دكتوراه).6 - العلاقة بين الاسلوب الابداعي ومواجهة الضغوط والعمر الزمني لدى لطلبة الدراسات العليا.7 - الفروق في الاسلوب الابداعي بين طلبة الدراسات العليا تبعا لمتغير النوع الاجتماعي (ذكور - اناث).8 - الفروق في مواجهة الضغوط بين افراد العينة تبعا لمتغير النوع الاجتماعي (ذكور - اناث).9 - العلاقة الارتباطية بين الاسلوب الابداعي بمجالاته المختلفة واساليب مواجه الضغوط لدى جميع افراد العينة.10 - الفروق في الاسلوب الابداعي واساليب مواجهة الضغوط بين طلبة الدراسات العليا على وفق متغير الشهادة (ماجستير,دكتوراه) وقد بلغت عينة الدراسة (339) طالبا وطالبة شملت مجموعة من طلبة الدراسات العليا في جامعة البصرة يتلاءم وحجم المجتمع الاصلي في البحث منهم (160) طالبا و(179) طالبة اختيروا بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية ولتحقيق اهداف الدراسة استخدم مقياس كرتون ويشار اليه بالرمزKAI)) الذي اعده عام 1976 اذ ترجم وكيف ليصبح ملائما للبيئة العراقية ,في حين اعتمد مقياس لازاروس وفولكمان عام (1984) لقياس مواجهة الضغوط وترجم وكيف بما يتلاءم والبيئة العراقية ,وتحقق من الخصائص السايكومترية في المقياسين ,واستعمال الوسائل الاحصائية الاتية (معامل ارتباط بيرسون, الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة, الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين ,معادلة الفا كروبناخ).واسفر البحث الحالي الى النتائج الاتية : 1 - افراد عينة البحث يتراوحون بين الاسلوبيين الابداعيين التجديدي والتكيفي. 2 - افراد العينة من طلبة الدراسات العليا لديهم مستوى مرتفع لمواجهة الضغوط. 3 - عدم وجود علاقة ارتباطية بين الاسلوب الابداعي ومواجهة الضغوط.4 - عدم وجود علاقة ارتباطية بين الاسلوب الابداعي ومواجهة الضغوط عند الذكور وكذلك عدم وجود علاقة ارتباطية بين المتغيرين عند الاناث.5 - عدم وجود ارتباط دال بين متغيري الاسلوب الابداعي واساليب مواجهة الضغوط عند عينة طلبة الماجستير وعينة طلبة الدكتوراه كل عينة على حدة.6 - عدم وجود علاقة ارتباطية بين العمر الزمني في افراد العينة وبين متغيري الاسلوب الابداعي ومواجهة الضغوط.7 - عدم وجود فروق بين الجنسين (الذكور - الاناث) في مستوى الاسلوب الابداعي .8 - عدم وجود فروق بين النوعين الاجتماعيين (الذكور - الاناث) في الاساليب التي يستخدمونها لمواجهة الضغوط. 9 - عدم وجود فروق في الاسلوب الابداعي ومواجهة الضغوط تبعا لمتغير الشهادة الدراسية التي يروم الحصول عليها(ماجستير, دكتوراه).10 - وجود علاقة موجبة دالة احصائيا بين كفاية الاصالة ومواجهة الضغوط. | The cognitive style, is one of the ways by which students are able to understand preferences and to process information. The innovation style theory is referred to as adaptation - Innovation theory. This theory can be understood as a basis for exploiting the long term variation and recognizing the relation between differences in the creative style and ways of confronting pressures. The current research aims at recognizing the following : 1. The type of innovative style the high studies students follow in Basra University. 2. The level of confronting pressures among the chosen samples.3. The relation between the innovative style and the style of confronting the pressures in those high studies students.4. The relation between the innovative style and the style of confronting the pressures in those high studies students according to the sex variant (males vs. females). 5. The relation between the innovative style and the style of confronting the pressures in those high studies students according to the level of study (M A or PhD.).6. The relation between the innovative style and the style of confronting the pressures according to age in those students.7. Differences in the innovative style among the high studies students according to the sex variant (males vs. females).8. Differences in confronting the pressures among the samples according to sex variant (males vs. females).9. The connective relation between the innovative style with its various aspects and the style of confronting pressures among those students. 10. Differences in the innovative style and the style of confronting pressures according to certificate variant (M A vs. Ph. D.). The current work comprises 339 students (males and females) from those high study students in Basra University, 160 male students and 279 female students. Those are chosen via random stratification to accomplish the aims of this study, depending on Kirton scale, known as the KAI produced in 1976 when it was adapted and translated to be suitable for the Iraqi media. Also, Lazarus and Folkman's scale (1984) to measure the confrontation of pressure, translated and adapted to be compatible with the Iraqi media, checking the psycho - metric qualities for both scales and also using statistical instruments such as Pearson coefficient correlation, T - test for one specimen, and T - test for tow independent samples, and Cronbach's Alpha Equation and half - split equation. The main results in this study can be summarized in the following points : 1. The samples in this study are alternating between the two types of styles (innovative and adaptive).2. High studies students have a high level of confronting pressures.3. There is no connective relation between the innovative style and pressure confrontation. 4. There is no connective relation between the innovative style and pressure confrontation among males and among females. 5. There is no indicating connection between the variants of innovative style and the styles of confronting pressures among the chosen sample from the M A level and Ph D. level, each one in isolation. 6. There is connective relation between age among the selected specimen and the two variants of innovative style and pressure confrontation. 7. There are no differences between males and females at the level of innovative style. 8. There are no differences between males and females when using styles in confronting pressures. 9. There is a positive relation with statistical evidence between the innovative style and confronting pressures according to the variant of certificate they aspire to get (M A or PhD

صورة الذات العامة وعلاقتها بالتمرد النفسي لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة المتوسطة == GENERAL SELF - IMAGE AND ITS RELATION TO PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTANCE AMONG STUDNETS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Author name: فاطمة سلمان داود العبادي
Supervisor name: صفاء عبد الزهرة حميد الجمعان
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ان التغيرات السريعة في المجتمعات ادت الى كثرة المتطلبات والحاجات على مستوى الفرد والجماعات وقد رافق هذه التغيرات ايضا الكثير من الصراعات والحريات والتحديات الاجتماعية والثقافية داخل المجتمعات الانسانية مما ادى الى ان يكون اول المتاثرين بها هم فئة المراهقين والشباب حيث كان لافرازاتها السلبية تاثير واضح على وضعهم النفسي ,كما ان التحولات والتغيرات السريعة لابد ان تصاحبها هزات ادت الى ظهور انماط وممارسات جديدة تحاول ان تحل محل الانماط والقيم السلوكية المتعارف عليها , وتمثل الذات بعدا من ابعاد الشخصية كما تمثل حجر الزاوية في فهم الشخصية لانه لا يمكن فهم الشخصية الانسانية في جانبها السوي والمنحرف الا من خلال الصورة الكلية التي يكونها الفرد عن ذاته وحسبما تكون فكرة الفرد عن ذاته تكون شخصيته , وان صورة الذات حسب موسوعة علم النفس والتحليل النفسي هي الذات كما يتصورها صاحبها او يتخيلها وقد تختلف صورة الذات كثيرا عن الذات الحقيقية وان الصورة التي يرسمها الانسان عن نفسه هي الدافع الحقيقي وراء مجموعة من السلوكيات الصادرة عنه,فكل انسان له مجموعة من المبادئ والقيم التي تتحكم في طريقة تفكيره ومن ثم مشاعره ورغباته والسلوك الصادر عنه وينظر المراهق لكل خبرة لا تتسق مع فكرته على انها تهديد له وتهديد لوحدة الذات التي يسعى لتحقيقها ولهذا ينكر الادراك الذي لا يتفق مع المفهوم الذي يكونه وكلما زاد ادراك الفرد بالتهديد عمل على تقوية وسائل الدفاع لديه فيموه من الحقائق التي تتعارض مع فكرته عن ذاته , ويعتز المراهقون بذواتهم نتيجة لادراكهم لفرديتهم فيكونون اقل امتثالا لما يطلب منهم تنفيذه او لما يوجه اليهم من تعليمات وهذا ما يجعل الهوة بينهم وبين الكبار قد تزداد اتساعا او ينظر اليهم احيانا وكانهم يتمردون على الابوين في الاسرة او على المدرسين في المدرسة , وتتلخص مشكلة البحث بالسؤال الاتي : هل هناك علاقة بين صورة الذات العامة والتمرد النفسي لدى طلبة مرحلة المتوسطة؟وللاجابة على هذا التساؤل تبنت الباحثة خمسة اهداف رئيسة هي : 1 - التعرف على صورة الذات العامة لدى طلبه مرحلة الدراسة المتوسطة2 - التعرف على التمرد النفسي لدى طلبه مرحلة الدراسة المتوسطة3 - التعرف على دلالة الفروق في صورة الذات العامة لدى طلبة مرحلة دراسة المتوسطة حسب متغير الجنس (ذكور - اناث )4 - التعرف على دلالة الفروق في التمرد النفسي لدى طلبة مرحلة دراسة المتوسطة حسب متغير الجنس (ذكور - اناث )5 - التعرف على العلاقة الارتباطية بين صورة الذات العامة والتمرد النفسي لدى طلبة مرحلة الدراسة المتوسطة ولتحقيق اهداف البحث اختيرت عينة عشوائية متساوية من طلبة الصف الثاني المتوسط بلغ عددها (480). واستعمل في هذا البحث اداتان : الاولى : مقياس صورة الذات العامة، فقد بنت الباحثة مقياسا لصورة الذات العامة وتم التحقق من خصائصه السايكومترية - الصدق الظاهري، الصدق البنائي، وتحققت من ثبات المقياس بطريقة الاختبار واعادة الاختبار ، وبطريقة الفا كورنباخ وتم استعمال الوسائل الاحصائية المناسبة لتحقق اهداف البحث واجراءاته ,اما الاداة الثانية : فقد تبنت الباحثة مقياس التمرد النفسي للباحث (شلايل ,2016)، اذ تم التحقق من خصائصه السايكومترية - الصدق الظاهري ، البنائي ، وكما اوجد الثبات بطريقة اعادة الاختيار وطريقه الفا كورنباخ .وجاءت اهم نتائج البحث بما ياتي : 1. تمتع طلبة مرحلة المتوسطة بمستوى جيد او دال معنويا في صورة الذات العامة وان طلبة المتوسطة لديهم تصورات ايجابية عن ذواتهم,كما لا يوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين الذكور والاناث .2. .يوجد تمرد نفسي لدى طلبة المتوسطة ,كما توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائيه بين الذكور والاناث ولصالح الاناث .3. توجد علاقة ارتباطية بين صورة الذات العامة والتمرد النفسي .وفي ضوء هذه النتائج توصلت الباحثة الى عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات من ابرزها : 1) اجراء دراسة تربط صورة الذات بمتغيرات نفسية اخرى مثل الانسحاب الاجتماعي او الاكتئاب الانفعالي او النرجسية او السلوك العدواني وغيرها.2) اجراء برنامج ارشادي لخفض ظاهرة التمرد النفسي السلبي لدى طلبة مرحله المتوسطة.3) تفعيل دور الارشاد في المدرسة وضرورة توعية الطلبة بالتغييرات الجسمية والنفسية التي تحدث في مرحله المراهقة وخصائصها والاستفادة من الاساليب الارشادية للاسهام في زيادة الوعي لدى الطلبة لحل المشكلات التي تواجههم وكذلك للحد من ظاهرة التمرد النفسي .4) ضرورة اقامه الندوات والمحاضرات من خلال استراتيجية الارشاد الوقائي لتفادي بعض السلوكيات غير المرغوب فيها ومنها التمرد النفسي السلبي التي قد يؤدي الى زعزعة الامن والاستقرار داخل المدرسة. | The rapid changes of the societies have resulted in providing a lot of requirements on the individual and collective level. These changes have faced many challenges and social and cultural struggles. Thus, the first affected group is the teenagers and youth in that the production of these changes showed negative effects on their psychological behaviour. Also, these rapid occurrences of social fluctuations have led to new patterns and practices of behaviour that have gradually replaced the acquainted social norms. The self is one of the personal dimensions that represents its basic understanding because the individual's personality cannot be understood without getting a complete glance at his/her behaviour. Further, the self image is, according to the encyclopedia of psychology and psychological analysis, the self that the individual imagines which may be different from the realistic one. The self image that a person makes bout himself\herself is the real impulse behind his behaviour. Thus, everyone has a set of values and principles that manage and control his mind style, feelings and desires. Moreover, the teenager believes that every experience which does not conform to his own mental frame is considered as a threat to himself, that's why, he neglects and denies these non - correspondent concepts. In addition, whenever he finds these treats dangerous, he will make greater defense, creating a false reality of his mind style. The problem of this study can be summarized by the following question : is there a relation between the general self - image and psychological reactance among intermediate students? To answer such a question, the researcher has adopted three goals : 1. Recognizing the self - image among the intermediate students.2. Recognizing the psychological reactance among the intermediate students.3. Recognizing the differences of the general self - image among the students in the intermediate schools according to sex (males and females)4. Recognizing the differences of psychological reactance among the intermediate students according to sex (males and females). 5. Recognizing the correlation between the general self - image and psychological reactance. To carry out these goals, a random sample of students is chosen equally from the second class numbering 840 students. Two instruments of analysis are used in this research. The first one is the measurement of the general self - image where the researcher has made a scale for the general self - image and its psycho - metric features, face validity and construct validity have been confirmed. The scale reliability is confirmed by testing, re - testing and Cronbach's Alpha. Also suitable statistical tools are used to achieve the goals mentioned above. The second instrument used in this work is the scale of psychological reactance by Shelyle 2016 where its psycho - metric features, face and construct validity are confirmed as well as its reliability is found by testing, retesting and Cronbach's Alpha. The main results are summarized in the following points : 1. The students have shown a good level of general self - image and the intermediate students have positive awareness about themselves. Also, there are no statistical differences between males and females. 2. There is psychological reactance among the students and there are statistical differences between males and females on behalf of females. 3. There is a correlation between general self - image and psychological reactance. Depending on these results, a number of suggestions and recommendations are introduced in the following points : 1. Making a study linking the self - image with other psychological changes such as social withdrawal, irritable depress, showing and hostile behaviour. 2. Making an indicative program to decrease the phenomenon of negative psychological reactance among the intermediate students.3. Activating the counseling centers in schools and the necessity of making the students aware of bodily and psychological changes that occur during the period of adolescence in order to enable them to find and solve their problems and to put an end to the psychological reactance. 4. The necessity of holding lectures and sessions based on the strategy of protective guidance to avoid the unacceptable behaviour such as the negative psychological reactance that may lead to discard the stabilizing security inside schools

التماسك الاسري وعلاقته بالتسامح الاجتماعي لدى طلبة الارشاد النفسي == Family cohesion and its relation to social tolerance among students of psychological counseling

Author name: صبا سعد حسين الخفاجي
Supervisor name: امل عبد الرزاق نعيم المنصوري
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Psychological And Educational Guidance
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: استهدف البحث الحالي معرفة العلاقة الارتباطية بين التماسك الاسري والتسامح الاجتماعي تكون مجتمع البحث من (512) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة قسم الارشاد النفسي والتوجيه التربوي في جامعة البصره , اذ تم اختيار عينة البحث البالغ عددها (225) طالب وطالبة بالطريقة العشوائية الطبقية، وبلغت عينة التحليل الاحصائي (190) طالبا وطالبة ، وقد قامت الباحثة ببناء مقياس للتسامح الاجتماعي وتبني مقياس التماسك الاسري لـ (عبدالله 2016) وبما يتناسب مع عينة البحث واهدافه، يتالف مقياس التسامح الاجتماعي من(34) فقرة ، ومقياس التماسك الاسري من (30) فقرة ، وتم استخراج الصدق الظاهري للمقياسين بعد عرضهما على مجموعة من المحكمين في التربية وعلم النفس، كذلك تم التحقق من مؤشرات صدق البناء لمقياس التسامح الاجتماعي ، بالاعتماد على عينة قوامها(30) طالبا وطالبة لاستخراج الثبات لمقياس التسامح الاجتماعي بطريق ( الاختبار واعادة الاختبار) ، ثم طبق المقياسيين بصيغتهما النهائية على عينة بلغت(225) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة قسم الارشاد النفسي والتوجيه التربوي . ومن الوسائل الاحصائية التي استعملت في البحث( الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة، معامل ارتباط بيرسون، الاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين , تحليل التباين الثنائي )، ومن النتائج التي اسفر عنها البحث الحالي ما ياتي : 1. وجود تماسك اسري جيد لدى عينة البحث . 2. وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في التماسك الاسري لدى عينة البحث وفقا لمتغيرات الجنس ( ذكور ، اناث ) ولصالح الاناث .3. وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في التماسك الاسري لدى عينة البحث وفقا لمتغير المرحلة ولصالح المرحلة الرابعة . 4.وجود تسامح اجتماعي جيد لدى عينة البحث . 5. لم تظهر هنالك فروق في التسامح الاجتماعي وفقا لمتغيري الجنس (ذكور , اناث ) في حين ظهرت فروق في التسامح الاجتماعي ضمن متغير المرحلة الدراسية ولصالح المرحلة الرابعة . 4. توجد علاقة ارتباطيه بين التماسك الاسري والتسامح الاجتماعي لدى عينة البحث . وفي ضوء النتائج توصلت الباحثة الى مجموعة من التوصيات والمقترحات منها : - 1. مساهمه الكلية في اعداد برامج تثقيفية وندوات ارشادية للطلبة بين مدة واخرى لتعزيز مفهوم التماسك الاسري.2. مساهمة قسم الارشاد والمركز الارشادي في اعداد برامج تثقيفيه وندوات ارشادية للشباب الذين لم يكملوا الدراسة .المقترحات : - 1 . اجراء دراسات تهدف الى بحث التماسك الاسري وعلاقته بمتغير الشخصية( الانطوائية - الانبساطية ) , التوافق النفسي الانجاز الدراسي .2 . اجراء المزيد من الدراسات والابحاث حول موضوع التسامح الاجتماعي وتاكيد ارتباطه بالصحة النفسية وعلم النفس الايجابي . | The present research aimed at identifying the correlative relationship between family connectedness and society forgiveness. The research community was composed of 512 students of the department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance. The chosen research sample was 225 students both males and females, they were chosen randomly. The sample of statistical analysis was 190 students. The researcher built a scale for social forgiveness and adapted (Abdullah, 2016) family connectedness scale. Social forgiveness scale consisted of 34 items, whereas family connectedness scale consisted of 30 items. Face validity of the two scales was determined after they were evaluated by a jury of experts in education and psychology. Markers of the validity of building the scale of social forgiveness were verified by testing a sample of 30 students to check the stability of the scale by (test - retest) method. The two scales were applied in their final version to a sample of 225 students of the department of Psychological Counseling and Educational Guidance. The researcher used many statistical tools like; (percentage, T - test one sample, Pearson Correlative Coefficient, Two - way analysis of variance). The results of the research can be summarized as follows : 1. There are statistically significant differences in family connectedness according to the variable of gender (males - females) for females at the expense of males. 2. There are statistically significant differences in family connectedness according to the variable of stage for fourth year. 3. There are no statistically significant differences in social forgiveness according to the variable of gender (males - females), whereas there appeared some differences according to the variable of stage for fourth year. 4. There is a correlative relationship between family connectedness and social forgiveness among members of the study sample. In the light of the results, the researcher has come up with a number of recommendations and suggestions : 1. The college should take its role to reinforce family connectedness by preparing educational programs and holding counseling seminars for students. 2. Centers of psychological counseling in the universities should adopt vital programs that spread the culture of social forgiveness and reject fanaticism and extremism among students. Suggestions : 1. Conducting studies that research family connectedness in relation to the variable of personality (introvert - extrovert), psychological adjustment, social connectedness and study achievement. 2. Conducting more studies and researches about social forgiveness and ensuring its relation with psychological health and positive psychology

المرونة النفسية وعلاقتها بالتدريس الابداعي لدى مدرسي ومدرسات المرحلة الاعدادية == Resilience and Its Relation to Creative Teaching of Secondary School Teachers

Author name: بثينة ابراهيم جواد الاسدي
Supervisor name: ميساء عبد حمزة المياحي
General topic: Psychology
Specific topic: Educational Psychology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Educational And Psychological Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: يقصد بالمرونة النفسية هي القدرة على تدبير الامور في الاحوال القاسية الصعبة او المهددة او حتى في حالات المحن بمقاربة فعالة وناجحة، تلك القدرة على تعبئة الطاقات الذهنية والمهارية بغية القيام بالتصرف الجيد في الظروف التي تفرض المعوقات على النجاح وتهدد نتائجه ، اذ يمتاز الافراد المرنون نفسيا بالصمود في وجه المحن والصعاب ويخرجون منها بشكل ايجابي والمرونة النفسية هي احد المكونات الرئيسة المتممة للصحة النفسية فهي تصنع مساهمة رئيسة لرفاهية يومية وصحة نفسية دائمة, كما يعد التدريس الابداعي من احد متطلبات العصر الحديث, اذ يتطلب هذا العصر عقولا مبدعة قادرة على مواجهة التحديات المختلفة في شتى مجالات الحياة. وجاء البحث لدراسة جانب نفسي وهو المرونة النفسية وعلاقتها بالتدريس الابداعي لفئة مهمة وهم مدرسو ومدرسات المرحلة الاعدادية ومن خلال ذلك : يهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على : 1 - المرونة النفسية لدى المدرسين والمدرسات في المرحلة الاعدادية.2ـ المرونة النفسية تبعا لمتغير الجنس ( ذكور ـ اناث ).3ـ المرونة النفسية تبعا لمتغير التخصص ( انساني ـ علمي ).4ـ المرونة النفسية تبعا لمتغير عدد سنوات الخدمة ( اقل من 5 سنوات / من 5 سنوات الى 10 سنوات / اكثر من 10 سنوات ).5ـ التدريس الابداعي لدى المدرسين والمدرسات في المرحلة الاعدادية .6ـ التدريس الابداعي تبعا لمتغير الجنس ( ذكور ـ اناث ) .7ـ التدريس الابداعي تبعا لمتغير التخصص ( انساني ـ علمي ) .8ـ التدريس الابداعي تبعا لمتغير عدد سنوات الخدمة ( اقل من 5 سنوات / من 5 سنوات الى 10 سنوات / اكثر من 10 سنوات ) .9ـ العلاقة بين المرونة النفسية والتدريس الابداعي . ولتحقيق اهداف البحث قامت الباحثة ببناء مقياس للمرونة النفسية اعتمادا على انموذج (pienar,2007) حيث تكون المقياس من (50) فقرة موزعة على ثلاثة مجالات وهي : 1 - المساندة الخارجية2 - القوة الداخلية3 - مهارات حل المشكلة البينشخصية. وتحققت الباحثة من الصدق بطريقة (الصدق الظاهري - الصدق التمييزي - والثبات للمقياس بطريقة اعادة الاختبار والفاكرونباخ( وقد اعتمدت الباحثة في مقياس التدريس الابداعي على مقياس2013) Benlamri,) المبني على وفق انموذج Downing , 1997)) اذ ترجم المقياس وعرب وطبق والتحقق من الصدق والثبات لديه اذ يتكون المقياس من ستة مجالات هي : 1 - مجال الدافعية, 2ــ مجال القدرة الفكرية او العقلية 3 - مجال المعرفة 4 - مجال اسلوب التفكير 5 - مجال الشخصية 6 - مجال البيئة حيث كانت بدائل المقياس هي(نعم , لا ) تعطى لها عند التصحيح (1, 0) للفقرات. وتحققت الباحثة من الصدق بطريقة (الصدق الظاهري - الصدق التميزي - والثبات للمقياس) بطريقة (اعادة الاختبار والفاكرونباخ وطريقة كيودر ريتشاردسون) وكذلك التحقق من القوة التمييزية لفقرات المقياسين وذلك بتطبيق المقياسين على عينة قوامها (400) مدرس ومدرسة في المرحلة الاعدادية. وبعد التحقق من دقة الخصائص السيكومترية لمقياسي البحث وفقراتهما, تم تطبيق مقياسي البحث على عينة البحث الاساسية البالغة (400) مدرس ومدرسة اختيروا باسلوب العينة العشوائية الطبقية, وثم استخراج النتائج باستعمال الحقيبة الاحصائية(SPSS) والوسائل هي (الوسط الحسابي والانحراف المعياري ومعامل الارتباط بيرسون والاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة واختبار التباين وفروق الخطا المعياري) وظهرت النتائج كالاتي... - تمتع المدرسين والمدرسات بمستوى من المرونة النفسية وبمستوى من التدريس الابداعي. - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0,05) للمرونة النفسية والتدريس الابداعي وفق متغير الجنس (الذكورــــ اناث) - توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0,05) بين درجات المرونة النفسية على وفق متغير التخصص (انساني ـــ علمي ) ولصالح التخصص الانساني. ولا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين درجات التدريس الابداعي على فق متغير التخصص( انساني ـــ علمي ). - لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية عند مستوى (0,05) بين درجات المرونة النفسية والتدريس الابداعي على فق متغير عدد سنوات الخدمة ( اقل من 5 سنوات / من 5 سنوات الى 10 سنوات / اكثر من 10 سنوات ). - توجد علاقة ارتباطية موجبة بين المرونة النفسية والتدريس الابداعي لمدرسي ومدرسات المرحلة الاعدادية. وقد ناقشت الباحثة النتائج في ضوء النظرية المتبناة لكل متغير من متغيرات البحث (المرونة النفسية والتدريس الابداعي) وكذلك في ضوء الدراسات السابقة , وقد خرجت الباحثة بجملة من الاستنتاجات هي : ان متغير المرونة النفسية له تاثير وفعالية على مدرسي ومدرسات المرحلة الاعدادية. كما ان له اهميته في تمكينهم من مواجهة الازمات والضغوطات والصعاب التي تعترض سبيل حياتهم وكذلك التدريس الابداعي ذو اهمية كبيرة في تخريج جيل من المبدعين القادرين على مواجهة تحديات المستقبل , وقد خرجت بجملة من التوصيات هي : 1ــ اقامة دورات وندوات لتنمية المرونة النفسية ودورات لتنمية التدريس الابداعي. لمختلف الفئات والمراحل. 2ــــ تضمين المناهج الدراسية في المراحل الاعدادية موضوعات في الابداع والتفكير الابداعي. واستكمالا للبحث خرجت الباحثة بعدد من المقترحات لدراسات مستقبلية منها اجراء دراسة مماثلة على عينات اخرى مثل معلمي المدارس الابتدائية, اساتذة الجامعة. | This work investigates a psychological case which is resilience and its relation to creative teaching of an important class of teachers, i.e., secondary school teachers.This paper aims at knowing : 1. resilience of secondary school teachers.2. Sex - related resilience of teachers.3. resilience according to the specialization variable (humanistic - scientific).4. resilience according to the years of employment variable (less than 5 years, 5 - 10 years, more than 10 years).5. Creative teaching of secondary school teachers.6. Sex - related creative teaching variable.7. Creative teaching according to the specialization variable (humanistic - scientific)8. Creative teaching according to the years of employment variable (less than 5 years, 5 - 10 years, more than 10 years).9. The relation between resilience and creative teaching.And To achieve research objectives The researcher has built a scale to measure resilience based on Pinner's model. The scale consists of 50 items distributed on three levels : 1. External support 2. Internal force 3. Intrapersonal problem solving skillsThe researcher has verified validity according to (face validity, discriminant validity, and scale consistency via retest and Cronbach's methods). the researcher relied on the creative teaching scale, based on the (Benlamri, 2013) scale based on the Downing's (1997) model. The scale has been translated, Arabized, applied, and verified according to validity and consistency. The scale consists of six fields : 1. Motivation 2. Mental and intellectual ability 3. Knowledge 4. Thinking style 5. Personality 6. Environment The scale alternatives were (yes/no) and graded (1, 0) respectively. The researcher investigated validity according to (face validity, discriminant validity, and scale consistency) by applying the retesting, Cronbach, and Richardson's methods). Discriminatory power of the items of both scales has also been investigated and verified by applying the scales on a sample that comprises 400 secondary school male and female teachers. After verifying the accuracy of the psychometric features of the research scales and their items, the scales have been applied on the primary research sample which consists of 400 teachers who have been tested using the simple random sampling technique. The results have been obtained using SPSS and determining (mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation coefficient, T - test, ANOVA Test, and standard error differences). The results are as follows : - The teachers are characterized by a level of resilience and a level of creative teaching. - No statistically significant differences at (0.05) for resilience and creative teaching according to the sex variable (males, females). - Statistically significant differences at (0.05) for resilience values according to the specialization variable (humanistic, scientific) which go for humanistic fields. No statistically significant differences for creative teaching according to the specialization variable. - No statistically significant differences at (0.05) for resilience and creative teaching according to the years of employment variable (less than 5 years, 5 - 10 years, more than 5 years). - A positive correlation between resilience and creative teaching for secondary school teachers.The researcher has discussed the results in light of the adopted theory for each of the research variables (resilience and creative teaching) and also according to the previous studies. The researcher has then come out with some conclusions : the resilience variable has a significant influence on secondary school teachers and has its important role in enabling them to face crises, pressures and difficulties they usually encounter. Moreover, creative teaching has its importance in creating a generation of creative individuals who are able to face the challenges of the future. The researcher has also recommended the following : 1. Conducting courses and symposiums to develop resilience and creative teaching..2. Including creativity and creative teaching topics in the secondary school courses.The researcher then has ended with a number of important suggestions for future research such as conducting a similar study on a different sample like primary school teachers or college teachers
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