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دراسة كشف تغير غطاء الارض لجزء من محافظة بغداد وانواع التربة لمنطقة الطارمية باستعمال بيانات الاستشعار عن بعد للفترة (2019 - 1990) == Study the change detection of land cover for part of Baghdad city and the soil types for Tarmiya region using remote sensing data for the period (1990-2019)

Author name: منى عارف محمد
Supervisor name: امال جبار حاتم
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

تصنيع ودراسة خصائص اغشية (SnSe) النقية والمطعمة (SnSn : Cu) و(SnSxSe1 - x) وتطبيقاتها == Manufacturing and characterization study of Pure, doped SnSe: Cu and SnSxSe1-x thin films and their application

Author name: غزلان سرحان احمد
Supervisor name: بشرى كاظم حسون
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

تقدير التيار الالكتروني لتركيبات معدن - جزيئة باستعمال الفرضية الكمية == Estimation of Electronic Current of Metal / Molecule Assamblies using Quantum Postulate

Author name: حيدر موشنة عبيد
Supervisor name: هادي جبار مجيبل العكيلي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

الكشف عن التغيرات في المسطحات المائية لجنوب العراق خلال الفترة من 2017 الى 2019 == Detect the Changes in Southern’s Iraqi Water Bodies Through 2017 to 2019

Author name: زينب عاصف عبد الله
Supervisor name: حميد مجيد عبد الجبار
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

نظام تحليل نسيج الصور بالاعتماد على الترددات المكانية والسمات النسيجية لغرض تصنيف وتقطيع الصور == A Texture Analysis System Based on Spatial Frequency and Attributes for Image Classification

Author name: هاشم فاضل عباس
Supervisor name: لؤي ادورد جورج
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تحضير ودراسة بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية والتاثيرات الحياتية للمواد المغناطيسية النانوية وتطبيقاتها في ازالة المعادن الثقيلة من المحاليل المائية == Preparation and Study of Some Physical Properties and Biological Effects of Nanomagnetic Materials and their Applications in the Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions

Author name: حنان جميل مصطفى
Supervisor name: تغريد مسلم مريوش
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تاثير اشعة الليزر ودقائق الذهب النانوية المرتبطة بالكلوتاثايون والسسبلاتين على خلايا MCF - 7 السرطانية == Effect of laser light and gold nanoparticales conjugated with glutathione and cisplatin of MCF - 7 cancer cells

Author name: انتظار جاسم خميس اليساري
Supervisor name: حمد رحيم حمود
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة نظرية لنتاج ليزر القرص الرقيق Yb^(3+):YAG == Theoretical Study of Lasing Output for a Yb^(3+):YAG Thin-Disk Laser

Author name: رائد مهدي صالح
Supervisor name: مظهر شهاب احمد
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Thin Films
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

قياس معاملات الارتباط لمنظومات ليزرات الحالة الصلبة العاملة بالنمط المفتاحي == Coupging Coeffciened Measurement Of Passively Q - Switched Solid State Lasers Systems

Author name: محمد عبد النبي النصيراوي
Supervisor name: عبد المنعم خليل الكامل | علياء شهاب
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التحليل بالاشعة السينية المتالقة للنظام الثلاثي حديد - كوبلت - نيكل باستخدام طريقة المعاملات التجريبية == X - Ray Fluorescence Analysis Of Fe - Co - Ni Ternary System By Empirical Coefficients Method

Author name: دلير رفيق صابر
Supervisor name: نبيل نعيم رمو | فاروق عبد السلام عوني
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة المقاطع العرضية لتفاعل (n,p) لبعض العناصر المستخدمة في تطبيقات المفاعل == Study Of The (n,p) Cross - Sections Of Some Elements For Reactor Applications

Author name: عبد الله احمد علي الشامي
Supervisor name: ماهر سرسام | شاكر الجبوري
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تصميم تقنية الانبوب الطويل لفصل اشارات الرادون Rn-222 عن الثورون Ra-220 المنبعثة من المواد الانشائية والتربة باستخدام كاشف الاثر النووي CN-85 == Design Of Long - Tube Tube Technique For Discrimination Of Radon (Rn - 222) From Thoron (Rn - 220) In Building Materials And Soil Using CN - 75 Nuclear Track Detector

Author name: حبيب حنا منصور جيجمان
Supervisor name: شاكر الجبوري | مؤيد يوسف
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة لتحديد دالة توزيع الطاقة للتفاعل الاندماجي بروتون - تريتون == Studying to Deduce the Energy Distribution Function for Proton-Triton Fusion Reaction

Author name: علي جواد سعود
Supervisor name: رعد حميد مجيد
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة الخصائص التركيبة والبصرية لغشاء اوكسيد القصدير الرقيق وتحليلها باستخدام تقنية المعالجة الصورية

Author name: نور علي حميد
Supervisor name: انبثاق محمد علي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

دراسة تاثير جسيمات مخلفات النباتات المعمرة على الخصائص الميكانيكية والحرارية لمتراكبات بوليمرية == Study The Effect Of Particulate Of Some Perennial Plants Waste On The Mechanical And Thermal Characteristics Of Polymer Composites

Author name: هدى رزاق كطافة
Supervisor name: عادل اسماعيل كاظم
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة الخصاص النووية لبعض عناصر الاتربة النادرة الداخلة في انتاج ليزر الليف البصري == Studying of the Nuclear Properties for Some Rare Earth Elements Internal in the Production of Fiber Optical Laser

Author name: سمير هاشم رحيم الدين الخالدي
Supervisor name: سميرة احمد ابراهيم
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

المزايا التركيبيه والبصريه للمواد النانويه PbO/Cu و Pb O/Ag == Structural and Optical Characteristics of PbO/Ag and PbO/Cu Nano-particles

Author name: محمد احمد كريم
Supervisor name: رغد صبحي الخفاجي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

تقييم التلوث في المياه الجوفية ورسم الخرائط لها باستعمال نظم المعلومات الجغرافية == Evaluate Pollution in Ground Water and Mapping Utilizing GIS Techniques

Author name: مروه سامي شمال
Supervisor name: عدي حاتم شعبان
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة تحليلية لدرجة حرارة التربة بالنسبة لملوحتها == An Analytical Study of Soil Temperature with Respect to its Salinity

Author name: مهدي حيدر مهدي
Supervisor name: حميد مجيد عبد الجبار
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad

محاكاة التصوير المقطعي للصور ثلاثية الابعاد

Author name: حوراء هادي جياد
Supervisor name: حميد مجيد عبد الجبار
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تاثير اضافة مادة البايركس على بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية لمادة البورسيلن == Influence of Pyrex Addition on Some Physical Properties of Porcelain Material

Author name: عمر عدنان جاسم
Supervisor name: كريم علي جاسم | سوسن عبد الحسين مهدي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Solid State and Materials Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study was carried out to prepare a porcelain samples of raw material 50 wt % kaolin dukhla, 25 wt % erzma sand glass and 25 wt% feldspar, boro silicate glass (Pyrex) used as a flux in the porcelain (ceramic) body, instead of feldspar, yielding a new material which has new properties with grain size equal to 53μ.Pyrex which was added to the porcelain to get the mixtures of sample. The all mixtures prepared and 10 wt % of distilled water was added, the resulting blends were die pressed of 25 MPa, to produce specimens with diameter of 25 mm and thickness of 5 mm, then they were dried and sintered for different temperatures (1200, 1250, and 1300) C° for 1 hour in an electric furnace. Physical properties measurements such as density, porosity, water absorption and length shrinkage percentage, were carried out, also mechanical properties (compression strength) and thermal properties. (Thermal conductivity and heat capacity) were measured The result of the physical properties measurement are found to be improved at increasing the ratio of Pyrex mixture, such as increase in density and shrinkage which a company with the decrease of porosity and water absorption, also the same changes were happened for these properties with increasing sintering temperature for all mixtures, and the highest increment in shrinkage have been shown at 1250 C°.The thermal conductivity and heat capacity have increased the ratio of Pyrex mixture, and there are small increment in these measurements, at increasing temperature for mixtures 3 and 4, but the increment is high for mixture no. (2).The results of mechanical properties measurements (diametrical strength) are found to be improved and increased at the increase of the ratio of Pyrex mixture and the mixture no. (3) have a highest strength. Also this improvement and increment in strength was continued for mixtures 2 and 3, with the increase of the sintering temperature whereas decreases for mixture (4) improvement in physical and mechanical properties for a new porcelain make suit usage in brick walls industry (porcelain tiles).

تاثير اضافة Al2O على الخصائص الكهربائية للفارستور من نوع ZnO == The Effect of (Al2O3) Additive on Electrical Properties of (ZnO) - Based Varistor

Author name: عباس فاضل شنون
Supervisor name: ايسر جمعة ابراهيم
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Solid State and Materials Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ZnO based varistor samples having composition formela as shown below : - (X) is a variable take values (X = 0 , 0.1 , 0.5 , 1) % mol were prepared by a solid state reaction and sintered in air at a different sintering temperatures (1000,1100 and 1200)ᴼC for 2h by a heating rate of (5ᴼC. min - 1). The microstructure and electrical properties of sintered samples were investigated by using X - ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as electrical meas urements. XRD analyses showed that the crystallite size was decreased with the increase of Al2O3 concentration while it was increased with the increase of sintering temperature. Also from SEM images and by using linear intercept method we note that the grain size decreases with the increase of Al2O3 concentration while it increases with the increase of sintering temperature. Since the breakdown voltage is influenced by the size and the number of grains , so it was increased with the increase of Al2O3 concentration at certain sintering temperature to reach (2220V) at sample contains (1% of Al2O3) and sintered at 1000ᴼC for 2h, this is due to form a spinal phase (ZnAl2O4) which inhibits the grain growth.Also the breakdown voltage was decreased with the increase of sintering temperature at certain Al2O3 concentration to reach (255V) at sample sintered at 1200ᴼC for 2h and contains (0.1% l of Al2O3).By plotting the (J - E) curves of varistor samples we can notes that the adding of (0.1 and 0.5) % of Al2O3 dopants enhances the nonlinear behavior of ZnO varistor by increasing the nonlinear coefficient to reach its maximum values (46, 48) respectively which are sintered at 1000ᴼC for 2h, while the increase of Al2O3 concentration to(1% ) decreases the nonlinear coefficient to (29.2) which are sintered at 1000ᴼC for 2h .Compound ZnO Bi2O3 Sb2O3 CoO MnO2 Cr2O3 Al2O3 % mol 96.5 - X 0.7 1 0.8 0.5 0.5 X The increase of sintering temperature decreases the nonlinear coefficient to reach its minimum values (6.9, 8) at samples sintered at 1200ᴼC for 2h and contain a different amounts of Al2O3 concentration, this is due to the bad volatilization of bismuth that insured by (EDX) test.The leakage current was increased with the increase of both Al2O3 concentration and sintering temperature to reach its maximum value (0.33mA) at a sample which contains (1% ) of Al2O3 concentration and sintered at 1200ᴼC for 2h, that is because the Aluminum increases the free electrons (donor density ) at the conduction band.Deilectric constant decreases with the increase of the frequancy of the applied voltage for the samples which containe 0.1% of Al2O3 and sintered at (1000 and 1200)ᴼC for 2h and for the sample contain 1% of Al2O3 and sintered at 1000ᴼC, the deilectric constant decreases with the increase of sintering temperature while tangent factor increases with the increase of Al2O3 concentration, this is due to the increase of leakage current.

السليكون العشوائي للثنائي الباعث للضوء من النقاط الكميه == Amorphous silicon Light Emitting Diode Quantum Dots

Author name: ولاء خليل جميل خليل
Supervisor name: موفق كاظم عبد الرضا
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: في هذه الدراسة استخدمت الحسابات النظرية لنبيطة ثنائي الباعث للضوء للنقاط الكميه من السيليكون العشوائي. وعن طريق هذه الحسابات فقد تبنينا فكرة التقيد الكمي. وقد وجد ان الانبعاث الكمي الضوئي يظهر اعتمادا مهما لحجم النقاط الكمية والتي تتراوح من (١ - ٤) نانومتر. ان الكفاءة الكمية الداخلية تتاثر بدرجة الحرارة حيث تكون اكثر كفاءة عند درجة حرارة الغرفة. يمكن لفجوة الطاقة ان تتناغم وفقا للتحكم بحجم النقاط الكمية من السليكون العشوائي. وقد اظهرت النتائج الازاحة نحو الطاقا العاليه في تاثير حالة التقييد الكمي, لهيكل النقاط الكمية للسيليكون العشوائي. وهذا التقييد الكمي يجعل السليكون مرشح للعرض بكامل الوان الطيف البصري. مما يقودنا هذا السلوك البصري الى تفسير تغير مادة النقاط الكمية للسيليكون العشوائي لتصبح مادة ذات فجوة حزمية مباشرة بعد ان كانت غير مباشرة في طبيعتها الحجمية. تمت دراسة الكفاءة الكمية الداخلية بوصفها دالة الى الطول الموجي وتيار الحقن. لقد وجدنا ان النتائج المستحصلة متفقه اتفاقا جيدا مع النتائج التجريبية المنشورة. لذا, فاننا نؤكد على ان مادة النقاط الكمية من السليكون العشوائي هي خيار واعد لنبائط انبعاث الضوء المرئي والقابلة للتناغم الطاقي وذات انجازية عاليه | In this work, theoretical calculations were used by considering the amorphous silicon quantum dots light emitting diode (a - SiQDs LED) as the device of investigation. By these calculations, the effect of quantum confinement was a doped. It is found that the light emission shows significant size dependence in the range (1 - 4) nm of the quantum dots. The internal quantum efficiency is affected by temperature and it is more efficient at room temperature. The energy gap can be tuned by controlling the size of a - SiQDs. The blue shift is attributed to quantum confinement effect in a - SiQDs structure, where quantum confinements make silicon like candidate for full - color display. It led to the interpretation that the a - SiQDs material has been changed to be a direct band gap material. Internal quantum efficiency as a function of wavelength and injection current has been studied. It is found that the obtained results are in good agreement with the experimental published data. Therefore, a - SiQDs material was asserted to be a promising candidate for visible, tunable and high performance light emitting devices.

مقارنة نظرية بين HgCdTe وAlGaAs لنظامي البئر الكمي الليزري ذو التركيبين غير المتجانسين == Theoretical Comparison between HgCdTe and AlGaAs Heterostructure Quantum Well Laser Systems

Author name: وديان كاظم عبد الزبيدي
Supervisor name: ابتسام محمد تقي سلمان
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Laser Physics and Electro-optics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هذا البحث يصف مقارنة نظرية بين نظامي ولليزر البئر الكمي ذو التركيب غير المتجانس. حيث تم دراسة تاثير العوامل المختلفة لهذا التركيب مثل عرض البئر وعرض الحاجز للبئر الكمي المفرد والمتعدد على عوامل الليزرمثل عامل التقيد البصري وتيار العتبة وكثافة تيار العتبة والربح البصري وقدرة الخرج والكفاءة . بالاضافة الى دراسة كثافة الحالات للبئر الكمي.افضل قيمة لعامل التقييد البصري (0.308) للتركيب ذو ثلاثة ابار كمية و(W=21.5nm) و(0.0224) للتركيب ذو خمسة ابار كمية و(W=11.3nm). عامل التقيد له تحسن كبير في التركيب المتعدد الابار افضل من التركيب ذو البئر الكمي المفرد . واظهرت النتائج ان عامل التقييد للتركيب المتعدد الابار اكبر منه للبئر الكمي المنفرد بمقدار 18 مرة للتركيب وبمقدار 25 مرة للتركيب . هذا التحقيق لتحسين عمل نبيطة الليزر دايود من خلال تاثير عامل التقييد البصري على الربح وتيار العتبة والقدرة الخارجة والكفاءة تحت الانحياز الامامي في المنطقه الفعالة، كانت كثافة تيار العتبة ووكفاءة (89% ل و97% لـ ) | This work is description of theoretical comparison between two systems and for heterostructure quantum well laser. Where studied the effects of the variation parameters for this structure such as a well width, barrier width for Single and Multi - Quantum Well, on laser parameters such as optical confinement factor, threshold current, threshold current density, optical gain, output power and efficiency. In addition we studied the density of states for quantum well.The optical confinement factor has the best value (0.308) for 3QWs at (W=21.5nm) and (0.0224) for 5QWs at (W=11.3nm). It introduced a significant improvement in MQW is much higher than SQW for two systems. The results showed that optical confinement factor of 3QW are much higher (by a factor 18) for and (by a factor 25) for 5QW, from optical confinement factor of SQW. This investigated for improve the work of laser diode device through the effect of optical confinement factor on the gain, threshold current, output power and efficiency under forward bias in active region, where threshold current density , with efficiency (89%for and 97% for )

دراسة نظرية لطيف مستويات الطاقة الواطئة ولنوى خفيفة باستعمال انموذج القشرة النووي 3016S14,3014Si16,188Ne10 == Theoretical Study Of Low Lying Spectrum For Light Nuclei By Using Nuclear Shell Model 3016S14,3014Si16,188Ne10

Author name: هدى بطرس بهنام مقادسي
Supervisor name: هادي جبار مجبل العكيلي
General topic: Physics
Specific topic: Nuclear and Environmental Physics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Ibn Al-Haytham College Of Education For Pure Sciences - Physics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان طاقات الربط والتهيج حسبت لنوى (_8^18)Ne_10 , (_16^30)S_14 , (_14^30)Si_16 وللمستويات الدنيا باستعمال حسابات انموذج القشرة النووي ولبروتونين في القشرة S,dلنوى (_16^30)S_14 بينما لنيوترونين لنواة (_14^30)Si_(16 ) ,(_8^18)Ne_10 ولمدارات خارج القلب المغلق .عناصر مصفوفة التفاعل تم الحصول عليها من خلال استخدام جهد تفاعل USD,USDA ,USDBنتائج الحسابات النظرية لطاقات الربط والتهيج والمحسوبة باستعمال عناصر المصفوفة النظرية اظهرت تطابقا مع النتائج العملية .حسابات انموذج القشرة استعملت لفهم ودراسة خصائص المستويات الدنيا ولعدد الكتلة لنوى A=18,30 .استعمل القلب المغلق مع التفاعل المتبقي للجسمين ما بين النكليونات الخارجية O8816 ,14 14Si28 .لحالات التماثل الموجبة فان جميع التشكيلات لقشرة S,d اخذت بالحساب باعتبار ان هناك قشرة مغلقة مع جسيمين في مستويات القشرة .S,dتفاعل الجسمين الفعال للنوى اختير على اساس جهد USD,USDA,USDB .اظهرت قيم طاقات الربط والتهيج تطابق جيد مع القيم العملية .واعتبرت الجهود USD,USDA,USDB هي المدخلات الاساسية لحساب الطاقات النووية والتي تتضمن تفاعل نكليون - نكليون .الحسابات اظهرت لنا امكانية اكبر لفضاء تفاعل النكليونات كون طاقات الحالات الارضية متقاربة . | Binding and excitation energies have been calculated at low lying levels for (_8^18)Ne_10 , (_16^30)S_14 and (_14^30)Si_16 nuclei using shell - model calculation with two protons in the S - d shell for (_8^18)Ne_10 , and (_16^30)S_14 while two neutrons for (_14^30)Si_16 in orbits outside the closed core. The effective two - body matrix elements are obtained from the USDA, USDB and (USD) potential interaction. Results of calculated binding and excitation energies are show a good agreement with experimental data with calculated by using theoretical matrix elements . The shell model calculation is used to investigate properties of levels at low lying in the mass number of nuclei A =18 and 30. An inert core with a residual two - particle interaction between the outer nucleons of (_8^16)O_8 , and (_14^28)Si_14 as summed. For the positive parity states all configurations in the s - d shell are taken into account are described by a closed shell, two nucleons in the S - d shell . The effective two - particle interaction is chosen to be a described by the USD,USDA ,and USDB potential. Good agreement with experiment is obtained for the binding and excitation energies. It is considered USDA , USDB and USD potential for two - body matrix element interaction as the most input parameters to the calculation is the nuclear energies, which contains realistic two (N - N) interactions. Provided the calculation is performed in a large enough basis space, the ground - state energy will converge
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