Author name:
بتول غالب الناهي
Supervisor name:
سعيد جاسم علي الاسدي
Abstract:
The style of live is considered as one of the major aspects study and conceive the behavior of man which is formalized in the age of four or five years old. The style of live which one formalized depends largely on his individual circumstances. if he has a feelingof deficiency for special reason (real or imaginary), the style of his life may tend to compensate or extra compensate this deficiency.Beside the child could. formalize a style to him self similar to some one has as deep impact on him.The ways of breeding the child play an important role in formalizing the style of his life , his thought of him self , the measuring of the right and wrong and his attitudes to words others.consequently , the man's style of life determines the aspect of life he will concentrate on. It also gives the man his identity be\!ause it identifies the way he can treat his problems. the right style of life may approach. man to perfection and live congruously with society. where as the wrong style which results from selfishness and domination may cause the man to behave against the society.The behavior of man may be changed during his life as a result ·of direct requirement of the situation and the long range goals underlying the style life. the style of life remains relatively constant unless he is satisfied with the changes by psychological therapy which involves techniques aim to recognize and direct his goals and modify his beliefs.* The Problem : The following question identifies the problem of the research : - It is possible to modify the socially useless style of life by using counseling programme depending on a variety of techniques in psychological treatment which is draw from idlerian therapy.* Objectives Of The Study : The main aim of the research is to improve the socially useless styles of life of the university students.There are also secondary aims : I.Constructing measurement to the style of life of the university students.2.Establishing counseling programme to improve the socially useless styles life.3.Recognizing the impact of counseling programme on the improvement of socially useless styles of life. The research is confined to the university students of basrah.of the year (1999 - 2000). The research includes male and female academic students distributed on all the educational stages and all the scientific and humanistic specialization in order to construct a tool and declare the styles of life among university students. It also includes a sample of academic female students from the first stage of the year (2000) to accomplish the test of the research. * The Theoretical Framework : The theoretical framework allows this stuoy to state all the theories that explain the styles of life with regard to their negative and positive structure and the ways of treating or improving the inconvenient style. Emphasis is given to Idler's theory : ! : "'ti Idler's therapy because it is a general and variant therapy it takes a shGr\ - time, it is also regarded as a principal therapy on which many knowledge and social strategy depend in order to improve the inconvenient style.* Procedures : A : Tools Of The Study : In order to construct a tool to measure the style of life for the university students ,(73) behavioral situations have been designed in it prior way of choosing from a variety of three choices. The responsive has to choose the alternative that he finds suitable. Themeasurement consists of four secondary measure : the socially useful style contains (self control , activity and effectiveness , social cooperative), the selfish· style ,avoidance style ,and obsession style ,About ( 400) statements have been distributed on an arbitrarynatural sample from the university students (mal and female) which is analyzed statically in order to verify the validity of the tool by using (content validity , structure validity). Also the constant is found by the retest way and anova with regard to the first way , theconstant coefficient is : ( 0/o67, %, 73, 0/o80, %89, 0/o90, 0/o86 ) for the life way styles(self control ,activity and effectiveness, socially cooperative ,selfish, , and avoidance ) respectively then some situations were eliminated because they could be distinguished. so the ultimate measurement contains (60) situation which is distributed on a sample of (2023) students (male and female) to explore the current style of life among the university students.* Bl The Counseling Programme : The counseling programme is constructed on the current model which is based on planning pragmatic ,budget. the programme is designed on the base of Idlerian therapy which contains individual programme through which (180) individual meetings have been hold , about(6) meetings to each and it began on November ,20,1999 - January ,27,2000. the strategy of (playing the role ,the empty chair ,explaining and studying and treating the dream) has been used in the meetings.Each meeting took about 30 - 60 Minutes.The counseling programme also includes a collective programme through which (22) collective meetings have been hold •The strategies used there are (correcting principle, playing the role, lecture ,encouragement ,imagination ,and self control). The meetings began on February 19 - jun,11,2000. Each meetings have taken about half an hour to an hour.* Experimental Design : The before - after test design has been used and it has a control group. The sample of the research has been classified in to six experimental groups and different conditions have been subjected to each group for treatment.The first three groups received the same counseling (individual and collective) but the kinds of activity and implication of activity sours were different depending on the style of life which it follows.As for the other three groups (control) they did not receive any direction. Each of the six groups they consisted of ten female students which were equating in all variables. * The Results : The current study has concluded the following : 1. The result of the study have shown the spread of the life way style (socially useless) among the university students the common is the avoiding style of life,then the selfish style ,finally the obsession style.2. The counseling programme which has been used in this study is proved.·to be effective including the activities and different strategies which is used in improving the socially useless style oflife as the following : A. The getting Style : There are differences distinguished statistically among the marks of the experimental group in the before - after ,style on the basis of getting style of life measurement •• In the after test ,differences distinguished statistically have beenfound among the marks of the experimental and control groups on the measurement.B. The domination style of life : • differences distinguished statistically have been found among the marks of the experimental group in both before - after tests on the measurement of obsession style of life • • There are differences distinguished statistically among the marksof the control group in the after test on the measurement obsession style of life. C. Avoiding style of life : • Differences distinguished statistically have been found among the marks of the experimental group in both after;before tests on the measurement of avoiding style of life.• There are differences statistically distinguished among the marks of the experimental and control groups in the after test on the measurement of avoiding style of life •* In the light of the result of the study it recommends the following : 1. In interest should be given to create social feeling and spread the moral consciousness by using the academic lectures.2. Effective and serious interest should be put on the direction in university andsupply the counseling center with counseling programmes which aim style improve the style of life or the socially useless style
