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ابعاد البلعوم فيما يتعلق ببعض المتغيرات السنية والقحفية للصنف الهيكلي الاول والثاني : دراسة مقارنة بالاشعة القياسية الجانبية عند البالغين == Nasopharyngeal Dimensions In Relation To Some Dento - Cranium Variables of Class I And II Skeletal Patterns (A Cephalometric Comparative Study In Adults)

Author name: عمار عباس فضل
Supervisor name: فخري عبد علي الفتلاوي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The size of the nasopharyngeal airway was believed to have an important role in the development of the dentofacial structure. Therefore, this study was done on 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females) at age range 18 - 25 years. Cephalometric radiograph has been taken to each subject and the measurements were recorded. The sample was divided into two groups, class I skeletal relationship (15 males and 15 females) and class II skeletal relationship (15 males and 15 females). Comparisons between the different study groups were undertaken and the following results were obtained.In class I skeletal relationship, all the nasopharyngeal liner measurements and all the dento - cranium linear measurements are significantly higher in males than females, except lower airway thickness (PNS - ad1) and upper airway thickness (PNS - ad2)showed no significant gender difference. While all the angular measurements showed no significant gender difference.In class II skeletal relationship, most of the nasopharyngeal liner measurements have no significant gender difference, while all the dento - cranium linear measurements are significantly higher in males than females. In comparison for class difference between class I and class II skeletal relations in total sample, all the nasopharyngeal linear measurements have no significant class difference, except lower airway thickness showed significant difference which were higher in class II than class I and upper airway thickness showed significant difference which were higher in class I than class In the whole sample of the study, positive correlation was found between lower airway thickness and upper airway thickness.

معدل انتشار وشدة نقص التمعدن الضرسي القاطعي والعلاقة مع العوامل المسببة بين اطفال المدارس بعمر 7 - 9 سنة في محافظة النجف == Prevalence And Severity of Molar - Incisor Hypomineralisation In Relation To Its Etiological Factors Among School Children Age 7 - 9 Years In Al - Najaf Governorate

Author name: ولاء عامر عوفي
Supervisor name: بان علي صالح
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Pediatric Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Molar - Incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is one of the biggest challenges with great clinical interest for dental practice because MIH has a great impact on the oral health as consequently, on the quality of life of children. Currently, the etiology of MIH remains unclear and is thought to be acquired via multifactorial, systemic disturbances during amelogenesis. There is no previous study concerning school children aged 7 - 9 years in Al - Najaf govemorate in order to estimate the prevalence and severity of molar incisorhypomineralisation and the possible associated risk factors. Objective : To estimate the prevalence , severity and the possible associated etiological factors of molar - incisor hypomineralisation and also to study the correlation between body mass index and molar - incisor hypomineralisation.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted at Al - Najaf Govemorate, data were collected during the period from January to the end of April 2014. study population included the primary school children aged, 7 - 9 years of both genders who attending the primary schools of Al - Najaf govemorate. Children having amelogenesis imperfecta, tetracycline staining or undergoing orthodontic treatment at the time of study, those with completely broken crowns of the first permanent molars, or those whose parent/guardians refusedto missed data or not get back the questionnaire were excluded from the study. Sample size was calculated according to the standard equation and a total of 600 children were enrolled. A structured self - administered validated arabic language questionnaire and an examination sheet was measured. Body weight and height were measured and the body mass index was calculated according to the standards. Dental material and supplies were used in examination, Prior to the clinical examination the participating children were given a toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste to brush their teeth thoroughly under the supervision of the researcher. The demarcated hypomineralization was recorded according to the 10 point scoring system depended on the European academy of pediatric dentistry evaluation criteria. The severity was assessed according to the clinical evaluation of the examiner and the presence of opacities. Data of the studied group were entered and analysed by using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 and appropriate statistical tests were used to assess the differences and correlations between variables. Results : The response rate was 84. 7% and the highest was in the 9 - year - old children, the participants were 532 children, the prevalence of hypomineralisation defect was 22.9%. The prevalence of demarcated hypomineralisation was increased concomitantly with the age, and the 9 - yearold children were the more affected. The overall prevalence of molar - incisor hypomineralisation among boys was lower than girls; (17.3%) and 22.6%, respectively. Molar - incisor hypomineralisation was more frequent in normal body mass index children. The total number of teeth of the studied group was 1464. The number of affected teeth was 3 81 represented (26%) of the total number of teeth. The molar and incisors were most affected with White/creamy demarcated opacities with no posr eruptive enamel breakdown, (27.7% and 15.2%), respectively. The severely affected teeth were 33 teeth, represented 4.5% of the total number of teeth of the 122 children , severely affected molars were 25 (5.1 %) and the severely affected incisors were 8 (0.8%), (P=0.001), Obeseand overweight were more likely to have more severely affected teeth and the severity was also increased with the age of child. Conclusions and Suggestions : The prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation among Iraqi schoolchildren of Al Najaf govemorate was 22.9%, it was more prevalent among girls, the 9 - year - old children , normal body weight children and urban residents. Molars were more affected with than incisors. It was more prevalent in maxillary than mandibular teeth. The severely affected teeth represented 4.5% of the total number of teeth of the 122 children. , molars were more severely affected than incisors. The more severely affected teeth reported inobese and underweight children. Further studies are suggested for further understanding of the etiological and risk factors of the disease.

الحالة الصحية للفم لاطفال الرياض وعلاقتها بالحالة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في محافظة النجف الاشرف العراق == Oral Health Status Among Kindergarten Children In Relation To Socioeconomic Status In Al - Najaf Governorate - Iraq

Author name: سهى مهدي حميد شبر
Supervisor name: وصال علي العبيدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Preventive Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تقييم بعض مقاييس اللعاب المناعية وتركيز عنصر الحديد وعلاقتهما بحالة صحة الفم للاطفال المصابين بفقر دم البحر الابيض المتوسط النوع الكبير كربلاء/العراق == Evaluation of Selected Salivary Immunological Parameters And Iron Ion Concentration In Relation To Oral Health Condition Among Children With Beta Thalassemia Major (Karbala’ / Iraq)

Author name: شيرين سمير يوسف
Supervisor name: بان علي صالح
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Pediatric Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Beta Thalassemia Major is an inherited, genetic blood disorder which affect the bone marrow's ability to produce 2Themoglobin 2Tmolecules( the component of normal1T 1T2Tred blood cells1T2T 1Tthat transports oxygen to the body's cells), thered blood cells will have been short lifespan and 2Tdestroyed1T2T 1Tat a1T 1T2Tfaster rate2T. These patients are typically transfusion - dependent, and have significant complications, including iron overload, immune system disorders, and bacterial and/or viralinfections which can affect the oral health condition. Aims of the study : The aims of the present study were to assess the severity of dental caries, dental plaque, gingivitis, levels of selected salivary immunological components and iron concentration in saliva, among a group of boys and girls with beta thalassemia major in comparison with the control group.Materials and methods : The study involved 17 boys and 23 girls with beta thalassemia major, aged 8 - 9 years compared to 17 healthy boys and 23 healthy girls with the same age group. dmfs/ds and DMFS/DS indices (WHO, 1987), plaque index (Silness and L?e,1964), and gingival index (L?e and Silness, 1963) were applied, unstimulated salivary samples were collected for estimation the salivary immunological components(Secretory Immunoglobulin A, lysozyme, peroxidase, and lactoferrin) in which they were analyzed by enzyme - linked immune sorbent assay kits and iron ion concentration in saliva which was analyzed biochemically.Results : Results showed that, caries - experience was higher among beta thalassemia children compared to healthy children. In primary teeth, a higher dmfs/ds mean value was recorded for study group (dmfs/ds=8.93±6.40) compared to control group (dmfs/ds=6.63±5.38), the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05), except for girls the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). For permanent teeth, DMFS/DS mean value was found to be higher instudy group (DMFS/DS=0.63±1.23) compared to control group (DMFS/DS=0.58±0.75), and the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05). plaque index mean value was higher in study group (PI=1.69±0.45) compared to control group (PI=1.52±0.28), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). gingival index mean value was higher in study group (GI=1.38±0.20) compared to control group (GI=1.22±0.10), and the difference was statistically highly significant (p<0.01). Correlation between dental plaque and gingivitis in study group was positive with statistically highly significant(p<0.01). There were some variation in the levels of salivary immunological parameters between study and control groups, the differences were statistically not significant(p>0.05), except that for peroxidase, the levels were higher in study group compared to control group and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Iron ion concentrations were higher in study group compared to control group, the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05). The correlation between secretory immunoglobulin A levels and dmfs/ds in study group was statistically significant (r= - 0.32, p=0.02). Lysozyme was correlated with DMFS/DS in study group and the correlation was statistically significant (r=0.38, p=0.01). lactoferrin was correlated with dmfs/ds and DMFS/DS in control group, and the correlation was statistically highly significant and significant respectively (r=0.52, p=0.00), (r=0.32, p=0.04). The correlations between iron ion concentrations and dental caries were statistically not significant(p>0.05) for both groups. All the correlations between measured salivary parameters and dental plaque and gingivitis were found to be statistically not significant(p>0.05) for both groups. The correlations between iron ion and immunological components were statistically not significant(p>0.05). The correlation between lysozyme and lactoferrin was statistically significant in both study group and control group respectively (r=0.36, p=0.02) and (r=0.36, p=0.01). The correlation between peroxidase and lactoferrin in study group was statistically highly significant (r= - 0.40, p=0.00). In control group, there was statistically highly significant correlation between secretory immunoglobulin A and lactoferrin (r=0.41, p=0.00). Conclusion : dental caries, dental plaque and gingivitis found to be higher in beta thalassemia major patients than normal children; they need periodic dental examination and effective preventive program.

تقييم تاثير التيجان المقاومة للفولاذ (تقنية الهول) على معالجة التسوس للطواحن اللبنية : دراسة رجعية == Evaluation of The Influence of Preformed Metal Crown ((Hall Technique)) On The Managing of Carious Primary Molars A Retrospective Study

Author name: ورف محسن موسى
Supervisor name: بان علي صالح
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Pediatric Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : When prevention of dental caries fails, and a child is exposed to the risk of pain and infection, the disease must be managed to reduce this risk. There is a growing evidence supporting more 'biological approaches' for managing dental cariesin primary teeth. The Hall Technique is one of the biological approaches for managing caries in primary molars which involves sealing caries beneath preformed metal crowns (stainless steel crowns). The crown is cemented over the tooth without theuse of local anesthesia, caries removal, or tooth preparation. The clinical steps for the Hall Technique are straightforward but, as with all dental care provision, appropriate treatment planning for the procedure requires skill. The Hall Technique offers anothermethod of managing early to moderately advanced, active carious lesions in primary molars, with good evidence of effectiveness and acceptability.Aims of the study : This study was conducted to assess the possible local factors that might happen along with using this novel technique regarding the possible adverse effect of the increased occlusal - vertical dimension and the condition of the surrounding tissues.Also to assess the correlation between the rate of the successful outcome with the caries extension towards the pulp.In addition to evaluate the cost - effectiveness of the Hall Technique in comparison with the conventional restorations. Finally to estimate whether this technique can be performed efficiently by both the specialized dentists and general practitioners in terms of putting the appropriate treatment plan based on the radiographic assessment.Material and methods : A retrospective research was conducted, standardized bitewing radiographs of 100 patients between 3 - 9 years old were evaluated for marginal bone changes. The distance between the cemento - enamel junctions and the alveolar bonecrest was measured. The dentine was evaluated as well regarding the existence of clear band of dentine and the extension of the caries towards the pulp of the tooth. - The cost effectiveness was conducted by creating a scenario of the possible outcomes for the treatment decision whether it was Hall preformed metal crown or traditional restoration. Incremental cost - effectiveness ratio was calculated to find the savingamount value. - A panel consisting of five general practitioners and three specialized dentists weas asked to evaluate twelve bitewings radiograph presented to them and give their opinion whether these radiographs are suitable for Hall Technique or not.Results : The result of this presented study showed that there is decreasing in the distance between the cemento - enamel junction and alveolar bone level at the Hall PMCs treatment side between the before and after insertion periods.it also showed thatthere's no different bone level changes between the Hall preformed metal crown treatment side and its contra - lateral side regardless of its condition (Hall preformed metal crowns, no Hall preformed metal crowns). - A high rate of successful treatment is highly associated with observing a clear band of dentine but it is not associated with the carious extinction toward the pulp as long as a clear band of dentine can be seen. - The Hall Technique is more cost - effective by making more cost saving and more gained teeth. The Hall Technique can be performed efficiently by both the general practitioners and the specialized dentist.Conclusion : according on the results of this research it can be settled that there are no adverse effects of using Hall preformed metal crowns regarding the increase of occlusalvertical dimension and the periodontal condition also the Hall Technique is more costeffective and can be performed by specialized dentists as well as the general practitioners.

تقييم تاثير وجود الكحول في الغسولات الفموية على تلاشي قوة السلاسل التقويمية المرنة المختلفة الاشكال : دراسة مختبرية == Evaluation of The Effect of Alcohol Presence In Mouth Washes On Force Degradation of Different Configurations of Elastomeric Chains (An In Vitro Study)

Author name: نور نوري عباس عبد الله
Supervisor name: نضال حسين غايب
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Elastomeric chains are one of the most commonly used force delivery systems. They have the ability to exert an interrupted force, convenience of use, compatibility to oral environment and cost effectiveness despite of the inherited disadvantage which is force degradation.This in vitro study was designed to evaluate the effect of alcohol presence in mouthwashes on force degradation of different configurations of clear elastomeric chains from Ortho Technology company which are : closed, short and long under the effect of time at different intervals (Initial, 1day, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) with exposure to different chemical solutions.A total of (540) elastomeric chains of three different types (long, short and closed) transparent in color, with an initial length (19mm) and about 50% extension (29mm) were used for the study. These elastomeric chains was divided into four groups and exposed to different chemical solutions (Distilled water, Listerine Original alcoholic mouthwash, Listerine Zero alcohol mouth wash, Ethanol 26.9%) twice daily for 60 seconds each according to manufacturer's instructions to measure the amount of force degradation in different time intervals. These elastomeric chains were incubated in covered glass containers at 37C? for the entire testing period.The results of the present study showed that the elastomeric chains were greatly affected by time, the majority of force loss occurred after the first 24hr. then followed by a less steep gradient for the rest of the working period.We can conclude that alcoholic mouth wash (Listerine Original) causes an increase in force degradation of all types of elastomeric chains while alcohol free mouth wash (Listerine Zero) causes less force degradation of all types of elastomeric chains, additionally closed configuration elastomeric chains has the least percentage of force degradation than other configurations of elastomeric chains.

الحركة الوحشية للطاحن العلوي الاول باستخدام انواع مختلفة من الاجهزة مسبقة الصنع : دراسة مختبرية مقارنة == Distal Movement of Maxillary First Molar Using Different Types of Ready Made Appliances : An In Vitro Comparative Study

Author name: ليث عمر المولى
Supervisor name: هند طاهر جرجيس
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Maxillary molar distalization is an important method for correcting class II molar relationship.The important thing in the use the distalizing appliances is to reduce the patient cooperation with minimizing the effects of distalizing appliances on the anchoring teeth.Aims : The aim of this study is to compare three different intra - maxillary molar distalization devices with different designs , force direction. Other aims are to compare the effect of these devices on first permanent molars in mesiodistal , buccopalatal, rotational aspects. It aims also to compare the effect of these devices on the first premolar ( which is a part of anchoring system ).Materials and Methods : The samples consisted of three groups; Frog appliance, K - Loop spring and Multidistalizing arch on typodont simulation system (Ormaco). Upper typodont arch of class II division I was used.Pre and postoperative digital images were taken and analysed using AutoCAD software for each group, Six parameters was measured and compared ; first molar ( vertical change ,tipping change ,rotation, distalization rate) and first premolar (vertical change ,tipping change).A significant value of 0.05 was determined.Results : The results of present study showed that the multidistalizing arch gave rise a significant distal tipping, extrusion, distopalatal rotation of first molar and gave rise the highest mean value of first molar distalization rate. Also, gave rise a significant distal tipping and extrusion of first premolar.Frog appliance showed the lowest mean value of molar distalization rate ,distal tipping and rotation , in comparison with Multidistalizing arch (MDA) and K - Loop spring. Also, these parameters ranged between the highest and lowest mean value in extrusion of first molar , first premolar vertical change , Also showed lowest mean of distal tipping of first premolar than Multidistalizing arch (MDA).K - Loop spring ranged between the highest and lowest mean value distalization rate , distal tipping of first molar. Also, showed the lowest mean value in extrusion of first molar and extrusion of first premolar and rotation of first molar.However, The K - Loop spring show mesial tipping of first premolar in comparisom with (MDA) and Frog appliance that show distal tipping of first premolar.Conclusions : It is concluded that the three methods are effective in molar distalization. The best method of first molar distalization ranged between the K - Loop spring and Frog appliance. Consequently the two methods showed good amount of molar distalization with minimal effects on first molar and first premolar.

تاثير التدخين الخفيف على المستويات اللعابية لانزيم الفوسفاتيز القلوي والاوستيوكالسين لدى مرضى التهاب اللثة المزمن == Effects of Light Smoking On Salivary Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase And Osteocalcin In Chronic Periodontitis Patients

Author name: لبابة عبد الصمد عبد الامير
Supervisor name: باسمة غفوري علي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Around the Teeth Diseases
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Department Of Periodontics And Peridontics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth and it is common among adults. Smoking is an important risk factor for periodontitis that induces alveolar bone loss. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme is involved in the destruction of the human periodontium. It is produced by many cells such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, osteoblasts, macrophages and fibroblasts within the area of the periodontium and gingival crevice. Osteocalcin is one of the most abundant matrix proteins found in bones and the only matrix protein synthesized exclusively there. Small osteocalcin fragments are found in areas of bone remodeling and are actually degradation products of the bone matrix.Aims of the study 1. Investigate whether light smoker chronic periodontitis patients exhibit different salivary concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase and Osteocalcin compared to the non - smoker counterpart and compare to light smoker and nonsmoker control groups and 2.Correlate the clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) to the biochemical findings in light smokers and non - smokers chronic periodontitis and control groups. 3. Estimation of the salivary PH and flow rate and correlate them with clinical periodontal and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods Five ml of unstimulated whole saliva samples and fullmouth clinical periodontal recordings (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) were obtained from study groups (25 light smokers and 33 non - smokers subjects, both with chronic periodontitis) and control groups (8 light smokers and 13 non - smokers subjects, both with healthy periodontium). All subjects were systemically healthy males, with age range (30 - 50) years. Salivary Alkaline phosphatase and Osteocalcin levels were determined by Colorimetric and Enzyme - linked Immunosorbent Assay, respectively. Salivary PH and flow rate were also measured.Results Smoker chronic periodontitis patients revealed non - significant differences in clinical periodontal parameters with non - smoker counterparts (P > 0.05) in terms of plaque index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, salivary PH and flow rate, with slight increase in plaque index value in smoker chronic periodontitis group(1.42±0.46) than non - smoker chronic periodontitis group (1.38±0.50), while there was slight decrease in mean value of probing pocket depth (3.90±1.78), clinical attachment level (3.22±0.93) and PH (7.58±0.50) in smoker chronic periodontitis group than non - smoker chronic periodontitis group (4.27±1.98), (3.74±0.85), (7.73±0.33) respectively. Flow rate value was higher in smoker chronic periodontitis (4.80±2.69) than non - smoker chronic periodontitis group (4.67±2.09). While there were highly significant differences in terms of gingival index and bleeding on probing (P ? 0.01). Osteocalcin levels were lower in smoker chronic periodontitis group (0.13±0.20) than non - smoker chronic periodontitis group (1.09±2.26) with significant difference (0.05 ? P > 0.01). Highly significant, strong, positive correlations were found between Osteocalcin concentration with plaque index and PH in non - smoker control group. Correlation analysis between Osteocalcin concentration and flow rate in smoker chronic periodontitis group revealed a significant, moderate, positive correlation.Mean of Alkaline phosphatase level was lower in smoker chronic periodontitis (11.14±4.53) than non - smoker chronic periodontitis (11.45±4.17) with a nonsignificant difference, while there was a significant difference in Alkaline phosphatase concentrations between smoker and non - smoker control subgroups.Correlation analysis between ALP concentration and clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) in chronic periodontitis smoker group appear non - significant, weak,negative and related non - significantly, weakly, positively with PH and flow rate. Clinical attachment level and PH correlated non - significantly, weakly, negatively with Alkaline phosphatase concentration, while plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and flow rate related non - significantly, weakly, positively with Alkaline phosphatase concentration in chronic periodontitis non - smoker group. There was a significant, moderate, negative correlation between salivary PH and bleeding on probing and significant, weak, negative correlation regarding probing pocket depth in smoker chronic periodontitis group.A significant, weak, positive correlation between salivary flow rate and clinical attachment level was found in non - smoker chronic periodontitis group.There were non - significant differences between smoker chronic periodontitis and smoker control groups in terms of salivary PH, flow rate, Osteocalcin and Alkaline phosphatase concentrations. There were non - significant differences between non - smoker chronic periodontitis and non - smoker control groups in terms of PH, flow rate, Osteocalcin and Alkaline phosphatase concentrations. There were non - significant, weak increase in Alkaline phosphatase concentration compared to the increase in Osteocalcin concentration in smoker and non - smoker chronic periodontitis and smoker control groups, while there was a nonsignificant, weak decrease in Alkaline phosphatase concentration with increase in Osteocalcin concentration in non - smoker control group. Conclusion Within the limits of this study, it may be suggested that suppression of salivary Osteocalcin levels by smoking and weak increase in Alkaline phosphatase in smokers groups, may explain the deleterious effects of smoking on periodontal healthstatus.

تاثير انابيب الكاربون النانوية متعددة الجدران على الصلادة والتوصيلية الحرارية لمينا الاسنان == Effect of Multi - Wall Carbon Nano Tubes On The Microhardness And Thermal Conductivity of Dental Namel

Author name: محمد كاظم جواد
Supervisor name: عباس فاضل علي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral Histology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of Multi - Wall Carbon Nano ubes(MWCNTs) of different concentration (0.05 mg/mL - 1, 0.25 mg/mL - 1, 0.5 mg/mL - 1and 1 mg/mL - 1) with on either (dimethyl sulphoxide DMSO and distilled water DW) on tooth enamel. It is intended to evaluate enamel microhardness in (Kg.m - 2) and enamel thermal conductivity before and after the application of (MWCNTs).Ninety mandubular first premolar were prepared for this study. They were divided into two groups. The first group contains 54 sample to measure the microhardness of the enamel. To overcome the teeth curvature in microhardness measurement, the position of indenter were optimized to coincide linear buccal surface. The second group contains 36 sample to measure the thermal conductivity of the enamel were prepared by cutting enamel part in triangle form with a base of 7. 5 mm , height of 9. 5 mm and thickness of 2 mm according to the requirements of the Fourier’s law by abrasive disk.The results enamel microhardness showed that a significant increase in the enamel microhardness and enamel thermal conductivity for groups 0.05 mg/mL (group B) , 0.25 mg/mL (group C ) , 0.5 mg/mL (group D ) and 1 mg/mL (group E ) compared with control group (group A ) in DW media and DMSO media. The results showed a significant increase in the enamel microhardness and enamel thermal conductivity for polished samples compared with unpolished samples in DW media and DMSO media. DMSO media increases the enamel microhardness and enamel thermal conductivity more effectively than DW media. Scanning electron microscope showed a significant deposition of MWCNTs in the depth of the enamel exceeding the surface layer. The polished specimens had more deposited MWCNTs compared with non - polished specimens. However, the nano dimensions with conjunction with pre - chemical treatment enabled the MWCNTs to penetrate and settle down inside the enamel.The final conclusion highest mean value obtained was 1 mg/mL (group E ) in the enamel microhardness and enamel thermal conductivity suspension in DW media and DMSO media.

دراسة لتحويرات نانوية مختلفة لسطح زرعة الاسنان من معدن التيتانيوم النقي تجاريا باستعمال الطريقة الكيميائية وطريقة التبخير الحراري : تقييم ميكانيكي ونسيجي == Study Different Nano Surface Modifications On CPTi Dental Implant Using Chemical And Thermal Evaporation Methods : Mechanical And Histological Evaluation

Author name: بان ناهل شكر
Supervisor name: رغداء كريم جاسم
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Prosthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Dental implants provide a unique treatment modality for the replacement of lost dentition. The clinical success of implants has been achieved not only because of the mechanical strength or cellent biocompatibility of the implant material but also owing to other characteristics such as surface properties.Aims of the study : The goal of this study was to consider the role of nanoscale topographic modification of commercial pure titanium dental implant using a thermal deposition and chemical etching methods for the purpose of improving osseointegration.Materials and methods : Commercial pure titanium rod was machined into 40 dental implants. Each implant was machined in diameter about 3mm, length of 8mm (5mm was threaded part and 3mm was flat part). Implants were prepared and divided into 4 groups according to the types of surface modification method used : 1st group (10 implant) machined surface i.e remained without nano surface modification (control),2nd group include (10 implant)etched with 15N H2SO4 and 30% H2O2,3rd group include (10 implant)were coated with nano CPTi powder by thermal evaporation deposition technique,4th group (10 implant)were chemically etched with H2SO4 and H2O2 method to obtain a nano feature then coated with nano powder of CPTi by thermal evaporation deposition technique.Nano surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Xray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), thickness measurement and microscopical examination for the invitro experiments. For the invivo part of study, the tibia of 10 white New Zealand rabbits were chosen as implantation sites. The tibia of each rabbit received two screws. Biomechanical test was performed after two weeks healing periods. Implants from eight animals were tested for the torque required to remove the implantfrom the bone and the other two animals were prepared for histological examination.Results : For invitro results, scanning electron microscope showed that chemical etching of Ti substrate becomes highly porous and has surface consisting of nano_sized pits and the combination of chemical etching and thermal evaporation of nano Ti showed nano rod like structure. The results of removal torque means value after 2 weeks of implantation showed that, there was a gradual increase in the removal torque mean values in the studied groups as a follow (M±SD) : 12.625 N.cm ± 0.517 machined surface, 30.500 N.cm ± 4.071 chemically etched, 46.875 N.cm ± 5.938 nano CPTi coating by thermal evaporation method, 51.250 N.cm ± 5.175 combination method of chemical etching and nano CP Ti coating. In addition, the histological analysis showed improved quality of bone in response to the nano surface modified screws, especially the combination treated implants show a well developed mature bone characterized by a well developed bony threads and haversian canal. Conclusion : The biomechanical and biological properties of the bone - implant interface associated with the nano modified implants were improved comparing to the unmodified implants. All nano modified CP Ti seems to be well tolerated by the bone since no adverse tissue reaction was evident and they have better mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility through the improved performance regarding the bone implant contact area than the untreated implants.

نقييم الالفا اميليز والكورتيزول في اللعاب كمؤشرين جيويين للتوتر النفسي وعلاقتها بامراض المفصل الصدغي بين عينة من طلاب كلية طب الاسنان == Assessment of Alpha - Amylase And Cortisol As Salivary Psychological Stress Markers In Relation To Temporomandibular Disorders Among A Sample of Dental Students

Author name: سرمد قيس علي
Supervisor name: رجاء هادي الجبوري
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : University dental students perceived a higher level of stress prior to each examation especially the final. Therefore, there is a need for a useful noninvasive biomarker for measuring acute stress in those students. Many studies considered salivary alpha - amylase as a stress biomarker that is most often used in conjunction with cortisol. Understanding of the exact association between these two salivary stress markers are poorly established. Using a Helkimo anamnestic and clinical dysfunction scoring index for temporomandibular disorders can give a better insight about the association between these markers and temporomandibular joint disorders.The aims of study : was to evaluate the levels of salivary alpha - amylase and salivary cortisol in stressed students with temporomandibular joint disorders and the differences between these markers in relation to temporomandibular joint disorders students. This might give a better understanding to the role of psychological stress as an etiological factors for developing temporomandibular joint problems.Subjects, materials and methods : A total eighty (60 study and 20 control) participants aged between 20 and 24 years, were recruited for this study. The participants were final year undergraduate Baghdad university dental students who were examined and gave saliva samples before their final academic examination. Those with temporomandibular joint disorders problems were exposed to psychological stress and included on the study. While, those who were taking corticosteroids or hormone supplementation including oral contraceptives, or having history of head injury, orthodontic treatment, occlusal disharmonies and muscle tenderness due to systemic diseases as fibromyalgia, or having more than 2 missing posterior teeth were excluded. Salivary assay kits (alpha - amylase and cortisol) were used to measure those variables and a Helkimo anamnestic and clinical dysfunction scoring for temporomandibular joint disorders were utilized in this study.Results : There is statistically a highly significant difference of the salivary cortisol and salivary alpha - amylase in the patient group( stress with temporomandibular joint disorders) and control group. The absence of correlation between these salivary markers was founded. Correlation analysis of salivary cortisol with Helkimo anamnestic and clinical dysfunction score shows positive association expressed by significant probability of error (p) value while for salivary alpha - amylase there is no association.Conclusion : This study demonstrates that salivary alpha amylase can be used as a stress biomarker in conjunction with cortisol to assess temporomandibular joint problems due to psychological stress in university students.

الظواهر الوجهية والفموية، عوامل الاكسدة ومضادات الاكسدة في مصل ولعاب مرضى فقر الدم البحر الابيض المتوسط نوع بيتا في مدينة كربلاء == Oro - Facial Manifestations, Oxidative Stress And Antioxidants Markers In Serum And Saliva of Patients With Beta Thalassemia Major In Karbala City

Author name: مؤيد صاحب عباس شمسه
Supervisor name: تغريد فاضل زيدان
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Thalassemia is a hereditary anemia resulting from defects in hemoglobin production. Beta Thalassemia, which is caused by a decrease in the production of beta globin chains, affects multiple organs and is ssociated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Aims of the study : The aims of this study were to study the oro - facial manifestations in beta thalassemia major patients and evaluation of the oxidative stress status in serum and saliva represented by malondialdehyde as xidative stress indicator and also assessment of serum and saliva antioxidants which are ceruloplasmin and uric acid in beta thalassemic patients with and without periodontitis and compared that with the healthy individuals in addition to investigate the relation between the clinical findings and laboratory investigations.Methods : Eighty seven (87) subjects were consented and contributed in this study, twenty eight (28) thalassemic patients with periodontitis, thirty (30) thalassemic patients without periodontitis and twenty nine (29) healthy subjects that were age matched with the patients. Oral examination has been done for each subject. Serum and saliva sample have been taken from each subject for analysis, to study malondialdehyde as oxidative stress and antioxidants ceruloplasmin and uric acid.Results : Malocclusion was the most common prevalent oro - facial manifestations (60%), followed by rodent face (35%), brown pigmentation of oral mucosa (23%) and incompetent lip (8%). The mean serum and saliva malondialdehyde were significantly higher in thalassemic patients with periodontitis than that in thalassemic patients without periodontitis and healthy subjects (p<0.001), while the mean serum and saliva ceruloplasmin were significantly higher in control group than that in other study groups (p<0.001). The mean serum uric acid was significantly higher in thalassemic patients without periodontitis than that in thalassemic patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects (p<0.001) and the mean saliva uric acid was significantly higher in thalassemic patients without periodontitis (p<0.05) compaired with thalassemic patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. The results of this study showed that there were no significant correlation between serum and saliva malondialdehyde in any of study groups, while there was a positive significant linear correlation between serum and saliva ceruloplasmin in thalassemic patients with periodontitis (p<0.05), a negative significant linear correlation in healthy subjects (p<0.05) , a positive significant linear correlation in thalassemic patients without periodontitis (p<0.001). The results showed that there was a positive significant linear correlation between serum and saliva uric acid in thalassemic patients with periodontitis (p<0.05), a positive significant correlation in thalassemic patients without periodontitis (p<0.001) and no significant correlation between serum and saliva in healthy subjects. On the other hand there were no significant correlation between serum and saliva (malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin and uric acid) and clinical attachment loss (p>0.05), except a positive significant linear correlation between clinical attachment loss and salivamalondialdehyde (p<0.05) was found. Conclusions : Malocclusion was the most prevalent oro - facial manifestations of beta thalassemia major patients. Oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of beta thalassemia ,which was the main cause of red blood cells destruction represented by significant elevation of serum and saliva malondialdehyde and significant reduction of ceruloplasmin. Also oxidative stress remain contributing factor in periodontal tissue destruction, which was appeared as a significant increased level of saliva malondialdehyde and decreased saliva ceruloplasmin in patients with periodontitis and there was a significant correlation between saliva malondialdehyde and clinical attachment loss

التقييم النسيجي والكيمائي النسيجي المناعي لتاثير الاستخدام على VEGF/ N - acetyl D - glucosamine الموضعي ل شفاء العظم : دراسة تجريبية على الجرذان == Histological And Immunohistochemical Evaluation of The Effect of Local Exogenous Application of VEGF /N - Acetyl D - Glucosamine On Bone Healing : (Experimental Study In Rats)

Author name: ایناس فاضل كاظم
Supervisor name: عذراء يحيى الحجازي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral Histology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Bones are rigid organs that constitute part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. Bone tissue has been shown to contain numerous cell - to - cell signaling peptides called growth factors. These growth factors are thought to have important regulating effects for bone remodeling and bone healing. Several growth factors are expressed during fracture repair. of these, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is of particular interest because of its ability to induce neovascularization (angiogenesis). The responses to exogenous VEGF observed that a slow - release formulation of VEGF, applied locally at the site of bone damage, may prove to be an effective therapy to promote human bone repair. N - acetyl glucosamine is a monosaccharide, which are the derivatives of carbohydrates, it helps the body in making several other chemical agents which are used in the formation of bones, muscles and cartilages.N - acetylglucosamine is very effective in providing support for the skeletal system of the humans, and may provide strength to the ligaments and joints, and the skin remains fresh and glowing. Aims of study1. To identify role of local exogenous application of vascular endothelial growth factor and application of N - acetyl - D glucose amine as a biomaterial in bone healing.2. To analyze the expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor, tissue non specific ALP and bone matrix protein (collagen - 1) by immunohistochemistry in created bone defect after application with different biomaterials in a rat model. Materials and MethodsIn this experimental study fifty four male Albino rats, weighting (300 - 400) gram, aged (6 - 8) months were used and maintained under control conditions of temperature, drinking and food consumption. The animals were subjected for a surgical operation of medial sides of both tibial bone ( right side was considered as experimental site ,while left be the control one). The animals were divided into following groups according to the applicable growth factors.A. Contol group the bone defect treated with 1?m of normal saline and its number represented the all number of the following experimental groups as the left side of each animal considered to be the control.B. Experimental group includes ? Group I contains (18) rats, the bone defect treated with 1?ml of Vascular endothelial growth factor. ? Group II contains (18) rats the bone defect treated with 1?ml of Nacetyl D - glucosamine.? Group III contains (18) rats, the bone defect treated with 1?m combination of (VEGF& N - acetyl D - glucosamine).Every single group composed of 18 rats that studied in three periods 3,7,10 days (6 rats for each period). Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation for VEGF, alkaline phosphatase and collagen type 1 were carried for all animals.Results : A. For Histological findings An early apposition of osteoid tissue was detected in VEGF group. Osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast cells count were demonstrated to be with high mean value in VEGF group followed by N - acetyl Dglucosamine group in periods 3,7,10 days post operative of bone defect.Inflammatory phase as first step in bone healing was detected in all study groups at 3 day, and combination group records highest value in the mean of inflammatory cell count in comparisum to others. Finally thestudy demonstrated that exogenous VEGF/ N - acetyl D - glucosamine has a direct effect on osteoblastic activity.B. For Immunohistochemical findings The present result showed positive expression of VEGF by bone marrow stromal cells, adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, precursor endothelial cells, and bone cells include osteoblasts and active osteocytes in different periods in all groups but in different score. Therefore, our primarily data provide evidence that VEGF activity is essential for appropriate bone formation and mineralization in response to injury. At day 3, bone marrow stromal cells in combination group records highVEGF expression, VEGF group is the second. At 7 and 10 day VEGF group records a highest VEGF expression in comparisum to other groups. The data showed a high expression for ALP during the formative stages of bone in all groups except combination group shows the lowest count for positive cells that expressed ALP.the present results showed that at day 3, bone marrow stromal cells in VEGF and N - acetyl D - glucosamine group records high collagen type I expression. Conclusion : the study demonstrated that low application of VEGF / Nacetyl D - glucosamine could be an effective therapeutic for bone injuries, these data are promising for a possible future clinical usage.

Assessment of The Oral Findings, Salivary Oxidative Status And Iga Level Among Group of Workers Exposed To Petroleum Pollutants In Al - Daura Oil Refinery

Author name: امير سعد حمزة
Supervisor name: Jamal Noori Ahmed
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Petroleum is perhaps the most important substance consumed in modern society. Petroleum is unique and s a complex mixture of thousands of compounds. Oil refinery workers are continuously exposed to numerous hazardous materials and working conditions that place them at continuous risk of injury and death.Petroleum contains the heavy metals as a natural constituent or as additives. The main threats to human health from heavy metals are associated with exposure to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic. Several carcinogenic metals such as arsenic, cobalt, chromium, lead, mercury, and nickel induce redox reactions in living systems. These metals induce the production of reactive oxygen species in both in vivo and in vitro systems. These radicals have rendered oxidative damage to deoxyribonucleic acid, proteins, and lipids. Secretory immunoglobulin A is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions from the tear glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, the respiratory system, the genito - urinary tract, and the gastrointestinal tract.Aims of the study Assessment of the salivary levels of heavy metals among the workers of Al - Daura oil refinery, assessment of the oxidative status in the oral cavity of the workers by measurement of Malondialdehyde and Superoxide dismutase markers,assessment of the oral immunological activity by measurement of secretory immunoglobulin A level in saliva and Assessment of the oral findings among the workers.Subjects, Materials and Methods This study was done in Al - Daura oil refinery, samples consist of 60 workers involved in refining processes as study group subdivided into three subgroups which represent the different sections in the refinery and 20 subjects not involved in refining processes as control group. Oral examination and saliva collection was done to assess the oral findings and measure the level of heavy metals (lead and cadmium), oxidative status (Malondialdehyde and Superoxide dismutase) and secretory IgA.Results The mean of salivary lead and cadmium was higher in study group (6.34 ?g/dl and 0.56 ?g/l respectively) than that of control group (3.3?g/dl and 0.34 ?g/l respectively) with highly significant difference (p

اثر عوامل البيئة الاجتماعية على سلوك سيطرة وزن المراهقين في المدارس الثانوية في مدينة بغداد == Impact of Socio - Environmental Factors Upon Adolescents' Weight Control Behaviors In Secondary Schools At Baghdad City

Author name: بثينة بشير صالح
Supervisor name: اقبال غانم علي معلة
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Nursing
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: دراسة وصفية(مقطعية) اجريت في جانبي الكرخ والرصافة لمعرفة اثر عوامل البيئة الاجتماعية على سلوك سيطرة وزن المراهقين في المدارس الثانوية في مدينة بغداد للفترة من 20 من شهر نيسان لعام 2013 الى نهاية تشرين الاول لعام 2014.تهدف هذه الدراسة للتعرف على عوامل ال | Overweight and obesity are one of the biggest threats for public health, both in children and adolescents. Fair enough, a lot of attention is paid towards this threat. However, hardly any attention is paid to weight loss behavior in normal weight children and adolescents. Teenagers who consider themselves as too fat who were negative body image a high risk for unnecessary weight loss behavior. A Cross - Sectional Descriptive study was conducted on impact of socio - environmental factors upon adolescents' weight control behaviors in secondary schools at both sides Al - Karkh and Al - Risafa sectors of Baghdad city. The study period started from 20th of April 2013 to the end of October 2014. The study aimed to find out the relationship between weight control, and socio - environmental factors and adolescents' demographic data (age, gender, Body Mass Index, and socio - economic status), and find out the impact of socio - environmental factors upon adolescents' weight control behaviors. A non - probability (purposive sample) of secondary adolescent schools , while 1254 adolescents' students were chosen randomly from that schools. The study instruments consist of four parts. The first part concerned with adolescents' students and their parents? socio - demographic data; the second part is about adolescents' students eating patterns and their meals list at home. The second part is divided into six sections. The 1 section consists of 28 items : the adolescents' students eating patterns and meals list at home, section 2 and 3 contains 16 items : for eating the snacks and fast food, section 4 is composed of 12 items : which are about adolescents' students eating time in schools with peers, section 5 has 12 items : related to the reasons of skipping meals, and section 6 consists of 6 items : about adolescents' lifestyle. The third part is about the physical activities and dieting programs, it consists of 7 items. The fourth part 10 items are related to the adolescents' weight control behaviors. Test - retest determined the reliability of the study instrument which was r = 0.90. A descriptive statistical analysis (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistical analysis, and (chi - square) were used. The result of the study sample indicated that more than two fourth of the Body Mass Index was almost equal in under or normal weight while the another half were overweight and obese, and the sample's family socio - economic status was in high or low level status. The study indicated most of the adolescents' took breakfast at home, eating snacks, reasons of skipping breakfast meal, and their lifestyle had a highly significant association with their gender and that indicate no differentiate between their gender eat what they want at any time. The results of the study reflected the adolescents' students eating lunch and dinner at home, and reasons of skipping breakfast meal had no significant association with their ages. The adolescents' students favorite to eat snacks and fast food at home and it's had a highly significant association with their Body Mass Index. Also there is a highly significant associated for the study sample socio - environmental factors with their socio - economic status. The results of the study reflect that is a highly significant association between eating habits and their total weight control behavior methods. The study recommended the Ministry of Health need to activate the nutritional program strategies for weight management within school health services, and need to increase establishment other especial centers for managing adolescents from risk for overweight and obesity like as Obesity Research and Therapy Unit in AL - Kindy College of Medicine and Nutrition Research Institute. I suggest a schedule as a guideline for healthy nutritious for weight control and achieve daily physical activity Finally Ministry of Education need to involved teachers in that strategies and training them in relation to these programs.

تاثير التقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب على نتاج الحمل في مستشفيات بغداد : دراسة مقارنة == Impact of Assisted Reproductive Technology On Pregnancy Outcome In Baghdad Hospitals : Comparative Study

Author name: رغد زغير دوسر
Supervisor name: عز الدين فخر الدين بهاء الدين
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Pediatrics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الخلفية : في عام1978 ولادة الطفل الاول في المملكة المتحدة من قبل تقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب، ازداد كلا من التقنيات المتطورة التي تستخدم لعلاج العقم وعدد مراكز الاخصاب التي توفر خدمات التقنيات المساعدة على الانجاب بشكل كبير في كثير من البلدان,وتشمل التقنيا | Background : In 1978 the first baby born in the U.K by the techniques of assisted reproduction. both the use of advanced technologies to overcome infertility and the number of fertility clinics providing ART services have increased steadily in many countries. ART includes fertility treatments in which both eggs and sperm are handled in the laboratory (in vitro fertilization (IVF), intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intrafalopian transfer(ZIFT), and related procedures). Women who undergo ART procedures are more likely to deliver multiple - birth infants than those who conceive naturally because more than one embryo might be transferred during a procedure. Multiple births pose substantial risks to both mothers and infants, including pregnancy complications like, preterm delivery, and low birth weight infants. Caesarean section, pregnancy induce hypertension, gestational diabetes, congenital malformation.Objective : To assess the impact of assisted reproductive technology on pregnancy outcome and compare them to those of natural conception. Methodology : The present study employs a descriptive - purposive design carried out for pregnant women after assisted reproductive technology attending labor wards of Baghdad Hospitals, Kamal AL - samarae Hospital, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, AL Imamain AL - Kadhmien Teaching Hospital, Private Nursing House Hospital, AL - Elwya Maternity Teaching Hospital, AL Imam Ali Hospital, AL - Karkh Maternity Hospital for, and Ibn AL Baladi Hospital. The period for collecting the data was four months (1st February 2014 to the 1st Jun 2014). The study sample divided into two groups : 100 women conceived after assisted reproductive technology(study group), 100 women conceived naturally (control group). Validity through a panel of (15) experts and the reliability of the questionnaire is determined through the pilot study. For the purpose of the present study a questionnaire format was constructed. The data has been managed and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results : An increased pregnancy complication as well as higher risk of obstetrical, perinatal, and neonatal complications was observed in ART compared with natural pregnancy included in this study. The women conceived by ART were older than those conceived naturally (30.86_+ 4.76 vs 25.85 - +7.78) ART pregnancies were associated with a higher risk of early pregnancy bleeding (8% vs 42%), antepartum heamorrhage (4% vs 13%), placenta previa (6% vs 15%), pregnancy - induced hypertension (29% vs 46%), gestational diabetes (7% vs 20%), preterm rupture of membrane (11% vs 25%), preeclampsia (3% vs 12%), obesity during pregnancy (47% vs 65% ), preterm delivery (16% vs 48%), cesarean section( 67% vs 100%), low birth weight (12% vs 32.5%), multiple birth (twin 11% and twin tri 7% vs.0.0%), the period of the newborn child stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (15 days 47.8% vs. 0.0%)Conclusion : The pregnancies after ART are associated with higher risk of multiple pregnancies, obstetrical, perinatal, as well as neonatal complications in comparison with natural pregnancy. Recommendations : Educate mothers who become pregnant using the techniques of assisted reproduction importance they received of their children examined periodically, with long - term developmental follow - up on a regular basis, to exclude late complication of the pregnancy outcome. Emphasis should be on the birth of healthy infants primarily using Embryo single transfer (EST),to reduce the incidence of low birth weight and preterm delivery.

تقويم التعلم الموجة الذاتي للممارسات المختبرية المتعلقة باعطاء الدواء لطلبة كليات التمريض في جنوب العراق == Evaluation of Students' Self - Directed Learning Laboratory Practices Related To Administration of Medication In Southern of Iraq Nursing Colleges

Author name: حيدر علي حسين الوحيلي
Supervisor name: نرمين بدري توفيق البارودي
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Nursing
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المقدمة : الصعوبات التي تواجه تعليم التمريض تكمن في انتاج القوى العاملة التمريضية وهذا يتطلب رعاية الطلاب بالكفاءات اللازمة التي من شانها تسهيل انتقالهم من طلبة التمريض الى ممرضين كفوئين مؤهلين في وظيفتهم. حيث ان للتعلم الموجه الذاتي اهمية كبرى في تطوير ق | Background : The challenge in nursing education lies in the production of a nursing workforce. This requires nurturing the students with the necessary competencies that will facilitate their transition from nursing students to qualified staff nurses. Self - directed learning is of great importance to the professional development of nursing students. It enables them to expand the knowledge and enhance the quality of their practice. Nursing students must keep abreast of new information, current and emerging trends, medical technology and related scientific and professional publications to be able to function effectively in a constantly changing workplace. Self - directed learning helps nursing students remain flexible, open to change, current in practice skills, and at the same time it helps in the growth of the students’ confidence and professionalism. Objectives : The aim of the study is to evaluate the students' self - directed learning laboratory practices related to administration of medications procedures (Intramuscular injection, Intravenous injection and oral medication ). Methodology : Across sectional design was has been carried out at three colleges of nursing in the south of Iraq and used in the present study from 23th February 2015 to 15th May , 2015. To evaluate nursing students' self - directed learning in applying laboratory practices related to administration of medication in southern of Iraq. The present study was conducted in southern Iraq at three nursing colleges which included (Missan, Thi - Qar and Basra nursing college ). Purposive sample was selected which consist of (90) first year of nursing students( 45) male and (45) female and the sample contained (30) students from each college after the consent of the participants. The check - list consists of two parts, the first part is general information about the study sample of nursing students (4 items) and the second part is an ideal observation check list which includes (73) items including three procedure technique which consists of the intramuscular injection ( 25 )items, intravenous injection (28) items and oral medications (20) items that concerned with students self - directed learning laboratory practices technique. Each procedure has three steps of strategy technique (preparation , equipments and procedure ) which are considered important steps that must be performed by students. The items concerning students self - directed learning laboratory practices are rated on three levels likert scale; (satisfy , need more practice and unsatisfied ). Reliability of the evaluation check - list competency is determined through the use of check - list is based on Cronbach's practices. The instrument validity is determined through a panel of (15) experts.The present study are analyzed through the application of two statistical approaches. A descriptive statistical approach includes (frequency, percentage, Mean of score (M.S.) and standard deviation (SD) and an Inferential statistical approach includes (Chi - Square,t - test, ANOVA). Results : The result of the study indicate that the majority of the first nursing students' satisfaction in general have high level of the self - directed learning in laboratory practices. During application the result show that s (96.7%) intravenous , (93.3%) intramuscular and (88.9%) oral medications administration and also the study declared non significant relationship between self - directed - learning (students lab practice) and their demographic data. Recommendations : This study recommended that : . 1 - Introduce a policy and supportive plans to assist and encourage personnel of every nursing students to the colleges.2 - Extensively apply self - directed learning as a method of learning for their professional and self - development and develop visual aids for learning and set up comprehensive.3 - Update the sources of learning for example public library , the internet service, communications room and/or educational technology room. 4 - Facilitate suitable environment for nursing students in searching for information they need for learning and self - development. 5 - Every these recommendation addressed to ministry of higher education/ colleges of nursing.

تقييم رضا المسنين باتجاه الرعاية الصحية في دار المسنين في مدينة بغداد == Assessment of Elderly'S Satisfaction Toward Health Care At Geriatric Home In Baghdad City

Author name: عادل عبد الزهرة عطية
Supervisor name: محمد فاضل خليفة
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Nursing
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت دراسة وصفية لتقييم رضا المسنين باتجاه الرعاية الصحية في دار المسنين في مدينة بغداد للفترة من 26 تشرين الثاني 2013 الى3 ايلول 2014، تهدف الدراسة الى تقييم رضا المسنين باتجاه الرعاية الصحية من خلال مجالات الرعاية مثل (طلب الرعاية الصحية، تناول الع | A descriptive study concerning the assessment of elderly's satisfaction toward health care at geriatric home in Baghdad city. From November 26th, 2013 to September 3rd, 2014. is to assess the elderly's satisfaction toward health care through the use of the domains of health care seeking, nutrient intake, physical activity, drug use, psychological aspect, social aspect, and to find out the relationship between elderly's satisfaction and their demographic characteristics of age, gender, marital status, level of education, health state, and economic status. The selection of the sample through a non - probability 'purposive sample' is (N=86) from elderly aged 65 years and over who reside in geriatric home. Data are collected through interview using questionnaire tool and analyzed through the application of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis which reveal, the reliability of the questionnaire which is determined through a pilot study and the validity is achieved through a panel of (18) experts. The study results showed demographic characteristics analysis of the sample concerned, the large number of the sample that was with age (65 - 69) years (34.9%) and also showed that majority of study sample (59.3%) are men and the remaining are women, and with regard to marital status it was found that many of them are widows and their percentage (38.4%) Regarding subject level of education, the greater number of them are illiterate and they are accounted for (48.8%) In addition, the majority of the elderly who suffer from chronic disease are (73.3) while the majority of them have no previous surgery and their percentage (58.1%) Regarding housing ownership (74.4%) they are absent or (do not have a house), and most of the elderly's monthly income is (53.5%) insufficient. The present study concluds : the vast majority of the elderly population are illiterate who do not have opportunity for better education. In addition, the elderly were generally satisfied with health care, and it was the best domain of elderly satisfaction is the nutrient intake and the less domain of health care seeking. While the study showed that, the demographic characteristics of elderly had no impact upon their overall satisfaction toward health care except the level of education. Therefore, that gender affects the satisfaction of the elderly in seeking of health care. In addition, the monthly income effects on elderly satisfaction with nutrient intake. As well as the age and suffering from chronic diseases affecting the physical activity domain and with level of elderly satisfaction in this aspect there is an impact of each gender, level of education and monthly income of the elderly on their satisfaction towards the social domain, the age affects the elderly satisfaction with psychological domain. The study recommended Promotion of health care provided to the elderly especially with regard to access to health care and the practice of physical activity. The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, in cooperation with the Ministry of Health can establish a special health center for the elderly to help them to get health care. As well as the establishment of a sports hall equipped to encourage the elderly to exercise of daily activities sports. Work of collective entertainment trips continuously to improve elderly mental and social state. Study should be conduct to assess satisfaction among the elderly residents in geriatric homes and others in their own about health care services (comparative study).

فاعليه تطبيق الممرضين للممارسات القياسية على العناية بالاطفال حديثي الولادة المصابين بمتلازمة كرب التنفس في وحده العناية بالاطفال حديثي الولادة في مستشفيات بغداد للاطفال التعليمية == Effectiveness of Nurses Application of Standard Practices On Care of Newborn With Respiratory Distress Syndrome In Neonatal Care Unit At Children And Maternity Teaching Hospitals

Author name: محمد عزيز حسن
Supervisor name: اقبال غانم علي معلة
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Nursing
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت دراسة شبه تجريبية في مستشفيات بغداد للاطفال التعليمية للفترة من 28 من كانون الثاني الى الاول من ايلول لسنة 2014 لتقييم فاعلية تطبيق الممارسات القياسية للممرضين والذين يتعاملون مع الاطفال حديثي الولادة المصابين بمتلازمة كرب التنفستم تقييم الحاجة من | A quasi experimental(interventional) study was carried out at Baghdad pediatric teaching hospitals in Baghdad from the 28th of January to the 1st of September 2014 to assess the effectiveness of the application of standardized practices to nurses dealing with neonate with respiratory distress syndrome. Assessment of needs was done to evaluate the nurses practices towards neonates with respiratory distress syndrome in neonatal care unit(NCU) by using a special format which includes multiples questions related to nurses knowledge and practices for 10 nurses works at the private Nursing home.The result of the assessment revealed that the nurses have poor knowledge and practices towards neonates with RDS. A pretest test was performed before the application of the program for 35 nurses, three of them was out of the study sample.Observation their practices based on the standardized items which was prepared by the researcher and extensive review of the literature. A non - probability (purposive) sample of 32 nurses who work in the neonate intensive wards was chosen to be involved in study sample, and an educational program was designed based on the results and basic nursing guidelines related to care for neonate with respiratory distress syndrome, it consists of two parts : the first part consists of demographic data, and the second part consists of an observational checklist format related to the nurses practices in care of neonate with respiratory distress syndrome. The questionnaire was used to observe the nurses practices in the pre - test applied before the program started , post - test 1 immediately after the application of the program, post test 2 after 1 month from the post test 1,and a post 3 after 2 months from the second post test. The reliability of the questionnaire was conducted through a pilot study and validity through a panel of experts. The data were analyzed through the application of a descriptive statistics frequencies ,percentages ,and application of inferential statistical procedures which include Pearson correlation coefficient and paired test. The finding of the study revealed that the nurses practices towards neonates with respiratory distress syndrome were improved after the implementation of the program in most of the items of the post test 1 ,2,and 3 of the program, and there is a significant association between nurses' practices and their level of education in most of the program items, There was also a significant association between nurses practices and years of their experiences. The study recommended increasing knowledge and practices of the nurses working in the neonatal care unit through regular training courses, in addition to increasing the number of graduated nurses from the College of Nursing in this critical unit.

تاثير البرنامج التثقيفي التمريضي على معارف وممارسات الملاك التمريضي ازاء التاهيل القلبي لمرضى النوبة القلبية == The Effectiveness of Nursing Educational Program On Nurses Knowledge And Practices Toward Cardiac Rehabilitation For Patients With Heart Attack

Author name: احمد عجلان علاوي ناصر
Supervisor name: حكيمة شاكر حسن
General topic: Medicine
Specific topic: Nursing
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Nursing
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت دراسة شبه تجريبية في مستشفى الشيخ زايد ومستشفى الصدر العام ومستشفى الكرخ العام ومستشفى الكرامة ومدينة الامامين الكاظمين الطبية ومستشفى بغداد التعليمي للفترة من الاول من ايلول2013 الى الاول من ايلول2014 تهدف الدراسة الى تقويم فاعلية البرنامج ال | A quasi - experimental design study was carried out at the AL - Sheikh Zayed hospital; AL - Sader; Al - Karkh ;AL - Karama ;Imameinkadhimein medical city and Baghdad Teaching hospital during the period from 1st September 2013 to 1st September 2014. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of nursing education program on the nurses knowledge and practice toward cardiac rehabilitation phase one for patients with heart attackThe program and instrument were constructed and developed by the researcher for the purpose of the study A random sample composed of (80) nurses was divided into two groups , the experimental group consisted of (40) nurses exposed to the nursing educational program and control group consisted of (40) nurses were not exposed to the program.Reliability of instrument was determined through the use of test and retest for the knowledge test and inter - observation for practice and the instrument validity was determined through a panel of experts. The instrument to measure the effectiveness of nursing educational program on nurses knowledge and practice included (30) items concerning the nurses knowledge and 58 items included nurses practice nurses practices toward cardiac rehabilitation phase one for patients with heart attack.The analysis of data was performed through the application of description statistic(Frequencies, Percents, and Cumulative Percentages , Mean of Score , Standard Deviation , Relative Sufficiency ) and Inferential statistical (Contingency Coefficients , Chi - Square test , Fisher to present the differences between the experimental and control groups. The results of the study shows that the nursing educational program regarding nurses knowledge toward cardiac rehabilitation program phase one is effective. They also shows that there is a good improvement with highly statistically significant differences between pre - post tests of experimental group in overall domains related to nurses practice in items of health assessment heart, assessment chest pain, cardiogenic shock, daily activity living and health education. The study concluded that the nurses working in coronary care unit have deficient knowledge and practices toward cardiac rehabilitation phase one for patient with heart attack. The study also confirms that the instruction oriented program on nurses in the experimental group is successful. The study recommended that the nurses staff can be encouraged and having motivation for being participated in the special training programs and conference to fulfill the nurses needs concerning defects and limitations ed in their practice toward cardiac rehabilitation phase one for patient with heart attack.

نمو الشق في المطاط المقوى بسبب الاحمال الدورية == Crack Growth Due To Cyclic Loading Of Reinforced Rubber

Author name: سعدون عباس عبد الحسن الغفار
Supervisor name: محسن عبد الله عبد الحسين الشمري
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Applied Mechanics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department of Mechanical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تثقيب الالومينا سيراميك بليزر النديميوم ياك == Nd:YAG Laser Drilling Of Alumina Ceramic

Author name: مؤمل محمد حنون شربه
Supervisor name: Khalil Ibrahim Hajim
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Mechanical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التحليل الستاتيكي و الديناميكي لجناح الطائرة في مدى دون سرعة الصوت == Static And Dynamic Analysis Of A Subsonic Aircraft Wing

Author name: وليد جاسم محمد
Supervisor name: فتحي عبد الصاحب الشماع
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Mechanical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department of Mechanical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة انخفاض الاجهادات الحرارية في المسننات العدلة من خلال استخدام الثقوب == A Study Of Reduction Of Thermal Stresses In Spur Gears Using Through Holes

Author name: لؤي صباح يوسف
Supervisor name: Imad A. Husain
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Mechanical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Engineering - Department of Mechanical Engineering
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الحساب العددي للحمل الحر للسوائل في مجرى حلقي عمودي مغلق == Numerical Prediction Of Natural Convection Of Liquids In A Vertical Annular Enclosure

Author name: صفاء بندق رحيم
General topic: Mechanical Engineering
Specific topic: Mechanical Engineering
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
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