Show: 25 50 75 100 Results

Search results: 25 out of 112

المجموعة الحيوانية المتطفلة في بعض انواع اسماك نهر ديالى في محافظة ديالى, العراق == Parasitic Fauna of Some Fish Species from Diyala River in Diyala Province

Author name: حيدر جاسم محمد
Supervisor name: عبد علي جنزيل جبارة الساعدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الممرضات الداخلية المسببة لحالات الاسهال لدى الاعمار من 1 - 15 سنة في مدينة بغداد

Author name: مروة محمد نصري التميمي
Supervisor name: سلوى صبر محسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The diarrhea is Enteropathy characterized liquidity abnormal,because of the increases by the movement of colon in the general way, may be represent a good sign to the Enteropathy like the Entamoeba histolytica disease, viruses Enteropathogen and bacteria,The diarrhea and associated of droughts state remains the major problem to the job of medial health in the medial east especially in the age under 5 years old.This study design to study the reason of the diarrhea and diagnosis and the effect result of it in the children under 15 years old, theirs patient from (learn hospital of alemamenalkadoman) in the city of Baghdad from 25/4/2014 to 1/10/2014 period of time, the study represent 103 sample of Stool and blood from children between (>1 - 15)years wasSufferers from diarrhea state, this state diagnose with infection of parasite (E.histolytica, G.lamblia, and others), Rotaviruses and bacteria E.coli.It use the general stool examination direct (by eyes) and in direct (by microscope) to diagnose the antigen of rotaviruses in stool, Either the blood sample store in two tube one of it contain EDTA use to CBC, Pcv, Hb, w.b.c, ABO group measure, and the second one is empty from the EDTA use to ayanlsys serum to measure (CRP) and Interleukin in the patient diarrhea.From summation of 103 found that 50 (48.54%) infected by intestinal protozoa, 41 (39.80%) infected by Rotaviruses, 9 (8.73%) infected by mixed (Parasite + Rotavirus), 3 (2.91%) infected by bacteria E.coli.50 sample infected by intestinal protozoa (42 sample is infected with one Species of parasite and 8 sample of stool continue two type of the parasite), the highest ration of infection was E.histolytica 50%, G.lamblia 38.10%, Blastocystis hominis 7.14%, and the lowestBalantidium coli 4.76%, the study recode the highest ration of mixed infected (Parasite + Rotavirus) was between G.lamblia + Rotavirus 33.33%.In This study present we found highest deference between male and female in the infection of parasite and rotavirus, male record (62 - 60)% and female (38 - 40)% on series, mixed infected (parasite + Rotavirus) Reached to the female 55.56% and this is the highest ration infection from the male 44.44%, notice that there is high Significant difference in the ratio of infection between the Age groups of the groups studied at the probability of p<0.01, where recording rotavirus infection IIhigher ratio infection in the Age groups (1 - 5) year 66,67% and less ratio 11,11% where age groups less than year, but the parasite infection only was more age group infected liable (more than 5) year with ratio 56% and smallest ratio for age group (less than year) 18%. And in the result media use (L.E) to culture E.histolytica and discover from the study , this media don’t provide good environment to maintain the parasite and resolve it for a limited period without multiplication or increase in number is it, in the case of trophzoite stage culture it stay with out - increases in the number is for one day only and after bass 24 hour transfer to the cyst stage and remain bass 3 day only and despair in the fourth day, while in culture of cyst stage Found that Noway to transform to the trophzoite stage like it happen in the human body but stay in the case of cyst stage on states. With condition E.histolytica that the Stool samples continue blood and mucous only to contain a lot off mass from the trophzoite stage and this stage only can be increases causes increase in number.Noted that this culture never dedicated only to the cultivation E.histolytica but noted the trophzoite stage exist for parasite B.coli in this stage and when culture sample from Stool contain B.coli and remain this stage Governor of the trophozoite stage for a period of two days.Either for the blood type test has been shown by the study, the highest percentage recorded rotaviruses injury in people living with antigen type A 39.59%, 39% and 44.44% for parasitic and rotavirus infections and joint respectively.And gave a hemoglobin level of Hb and size precipitation of red blood cells PCV lowest level at co - infection (parasit + rotavirus), followed by rotaviral and parasitic infection compared with control group P <0.05. Showed parasitic infection and joint significant difference in the total number of white blood cells when the probability of P <0.05, either rotaviral infection did not give a significant difference with the control group.The results of the present study about differential count of white blood cells, showed no significant difference comparing with study groups, but showed significant difference within the three groups with control group that remain the value of the Moral difference p<0.05 When all of the (Neutrophil ،Basophile ،Eosenophil)However, it did not register significant difference when cells Lymphocyte.When statistical analysis when studying some immunological changes associated with injuries intestinal regarding the number of days that lasted the case of diarrhea, and by which they can determine if the injury was severe diarrhea or chronic, and that gave significant difference (1 - 2) day P <0.01 when (3 - 4) day and (more than 4) on the value of the differences P <0.05.log CRP level of rotavirus infections 31.70%, 0.52% for infections with parasite, 88.89% of the common injuries (parasitic + viral) gave at P <0.01 probability asignificant differences.The results of the study of some of the dynamics of cellular aggregates of the study and its relationship to the immune response. Observed statistically significant at the use of IL - 10 three of its study groups recorded a significant P <0.05 was higher at 1.22% viral infection compared to the control group. Parasitic infection and did not record any significant difference.And log IL - 17A highest percentage increase at the joint injury, and there is no significant difference between the incidence of parasitic and viral infection.For IL - 33 infection joint highest recorded percentage of injury followed by a parasitic infection and finally viral. and IL - 4 infection shared the highest rate, followed by injury viral recorded and finally parasitic and gave moral difference P <0.05 and finally INF - gama, which did not record any significant differences when comparing the groups study together but gave at P <0.01probability moral differences with group of control when compared recorded the highest common injury is also high.

دراسة بعض الجوانب المناعية لمرضى داء الاكياس العدرية == Study of Immunological Aspects in Patients with Hydatidosis

Author name: لمياء علي حسين
Supervisor name: وحيدة رشيد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: شملت الدراسة 102 شخص منهم 52 مريضا مصابا بالاكياس العدرية (43 اناثا وتسعة ذكور) من المراجعين لوحدة الجراحة في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي ومستشفى الشهيد غازي الحريري ومستشفى بعقوبة التعليمي الذين ثبتت اصابتهم جراحيا بالاكياس العدرية للمدة من الاول من ايلول 2014لغاية الاول من تموز 2015، وتم متابعة هؤلاء المرضى (52 مريضا) بعد ازالة الاكياس العدرية جراحيا، وكان اصغر عمر للاصابة خمس سنوات واكبر عمر 60 سنة, كما شملت الدراسة 50 شخصا من الاصحاء كمجموعة سيطرة منسجمين عمرا وجنسا (40 اناثا و10 ذكور), حيث سجلت لهم بعض الخواص الديموغرافية(الجنس, العمر, والمهنة), واجريت الفحوصات الدمية والبايوكيمياوية والمناعية على عينات الدم الماخوذة من مجاميع الدراسة. اظهرت النتائج ان نسبة حدوث الاصابة بمرض بالاكياس العدرية في الاناث (82.69%) اعلى منها في الذكور (17.31%)، وان النسبة الاكبر للاصابة كانت في الاعمار التي تتراوح بين 16 - 45 سنة مع ظهور فروق معنوية بين الفئات العمرية والجنس، اما عن علاقة المهنة في الاصابة بالمرض فقد وجد ان اعلى نسبة اصابة كانت في ربات البيوت (65.38%). ان نسبة حدوث الاصابة بالكبد (83.05%) اعلى من نسبتها في الاعضاء الاخرى , تليه الكلية (6.78 %)، واصابة الفص الايمن من الكبد (68.85 %) اعلى مما عليه في الفص الايسر(31.15 %), كما ان نسبة تواجد الكيس المتوسط القطر (6 - 10سم) اعلى مما عليه من الاكياس الكبيرة 15 - 11) سم) والصغيرة 5 - 1) سم). كان هناك ارتفاعا معنويا في معدل كل من الخلايا احادية النواة، الخلايا العدلة والخلايا القعدة لدى المرضى قبل الجراحة بالمقارنة بعد 3 - 7 ايام من اجراء الجراحة للمرضى, ومجموعة السيطرة، ارتفعت معنويا سرعة ترسيب خلايا الدم الحمراء (ESR) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ومعدل بروتين الطور الفعال (CRP) C - Reactive Protein لدى مرضى الاكياس العدرية مقارنة بمعدلاتها لدى المرضى بعد الجراحة ومجموعة السيطرة. اما عن تاثير الاصابة بالاكياس العدرية في وظائف الكبد فقد وجد ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى انزيمات الكبد (AST) Aspartate Transaminase و(ALP) Alkaline Phosphatase في مصول المرضى قبل الجراحة مقارنة بالمرضى بعد الجراحة ومجموعة السيطرة. وعند التقصي عن دور بعض الحركيات الخلوية Cytokines والحركيات الكيميائية Chemokines وعامل النمو في الاستجابة المناعية ضد طفيلي المشوكة الحبيبية, اظهرت معدلات الحركيات الخلوية (IL - 10) Interleukine - 10, (IL - 6) Interleukin - 6 وكذلك (TNF - α) Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, (IL - 12) Interleukine - 12 وعامل النمو(TGF - β - 1) Transforming Growth Factor Beta - 1 والحركيات الكيميائية كلا من ,(IP - 10) Interferon Gamma Induced Protein - 10 (MCP - 1) Monocyte ,Chemotactic Protein - 1 (MIP - 1α) Macrophage Inflammatory Protein - ,1alpha (MIG) Monokine Induced Interferon Gama وجزيئات الالتصاق الداخل خلوية (ICAM - 1) Intera - cellular Adhesion Molecule ارتفاعا معنويا في مصول مرضى الاكياس العدرية قبل الجراحة مقارنة بمستواه بعد 3 - 7 ايام من الجراحة ومجموعة الاصحاء, في حين سجل الحركي الخلوي (IL - 17A) Interleukine - 17A انخفاضا معنويا. اعتمدت عدة تشخيص جديدة بتقنية فحص الادمصاص المناعي المرتبط بالانزيمEnzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) لكشف وتحديد تركيز المستضدات الدائرة (C Ag) Circulating antigens للكيس العدري في مصل مرضى الاكياس العدرية قبل وبعد التداخل الجراحي باستعمال الاضداد الناتجة من تمنيع الارانب بمستضدات السائل العدري Hydatid cyst fluid Antigens (HCF Ag) المعزولة من الاغنام المصابة طبيعيا، وتم تنقية الضد صنف(IgG) Gama Immunoglobuline الناتج من التمنيع من خلال كروماتوغرافيا التبادل الايوني Ion exchange chromatography.اظهرت النتائج زيادة معنوية في معدل تركيز المستضدات الدائرة في المصل قبل التداخل الجراحي (38.7 مايكروغرام /مل) مقارنة بتركيزها بعد التداخل الجراحي (25.7 مايكروغرام/ مل), وبمستوى احتمالية اقل من 0.01، وعليه شخصت الاصابة من خلال تواجد مستضدات الاكياس العدرية في 50 عينة مصل للمرضى من اصل 52 مريضا ونسبة 96.15 % قبل اجراء الجراحة، وتشخيص 48 عينة مصل من اصل 52 مريضا بنسبة 92.30% لمصل المرضى بعد 3 - 7 ايام من اجراء الجراحة, ان الكشف عن مستضدات الكيس العدري له اهمية في تقييم العلاج بعد الجراحة ونجاح استئصال الاكياس العدرية. | The present study included 102 person, 52 patients (43 females and 9 males) were surgically proven infected with hydatidosis when referred to the Surgery Units at Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Shahid Ghazi Al - Hariri hospital and Baquba General Hospital during the period from the 1st September 2014 to 1st of July 2015. The infected patients with hydatidosis (52 : 43 females and 9 males) followed during the present study post confirming the surgical diagnosis with hydatid cyst. The youngest patients were aged 5 years and the oldest were 60 years age. Fifty healthy peoples (40 females and 10 males) included the study as a control group. The demographic distribution of patients was recorded : Hematological, Biochemical and Immunological studies were performed on blood samples of studying groups (patients and control groups). The results showed a high significant increase in the incidence of infection with hydatid cyst among females (%82.29) more than males (%17.31). The highest age of hydatidosis patients was between 16 - 45 years with significant variations in infection between sex and age also the highest value recorded in house wives (65.83%). The distribution of hydatid cyst in infected patients revealed high percentage in liver (83.05%) , then kidney (6.78%), the infection in right lobe of liver (%68.85) higher than in left lobe (%31.15). The medium - sized of hydatid cyst (6 - 10cm) in diameter appeared more predominant than large cyst (11 - 15cm) and small cyst (1 - 5cm). The results of hematology were performed on blood samples of studying groups appeared a significant increase the mean values of monocyte, neutrophils, basophils, ESR (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and CRP ( C - Reactive protein), in hydatidosis patients before surgery compared to the post - operative patients after 3 - 7 days and compared with the healthy group. The mean values of Liver enzymes (AST and ALP) exhibited a significant elevation in hydatidosis patients were seen in pre - operative patients compared to post - operative patients and healthy control. The level of the cytokines IL - 6, IL - 10, IL - 12 ,TNF - α and chemokines MIP - 1, IP - 10 ,MIG, MCP - 1, ICAM - 1 and growth factor TGF - β showed a significant increase in pre - operative patients compared to the post - operative patients after 3 - 7 days and healthy control, while significant decrease was noticed in the level of IL - 17A. The results showed increase CAg (a specific circulating antigen) concentration in pre - operative patients (38.7µg/ml) than post - operative patients (25.7µg/ml) the difference was significant at P≤0.01. In the present study, the presence CAg in sera of hydatidosis patients with new kit by indirect ELISA was detected hydatid cyst antigen in pre - operative sera in 50 out of 52 (96.15%), the test demonstrated antigen in 48 out of 52(92.30%) postoperative sera collected on 3 - 7 days. Antigen detection assay might be a useful approach for assessment of the efficacy of treatment especially after removal of the cyst.

الاصابات الطفيلية في بعض اسماك نهر دجلة، منطقة الكريعات في محافظة بغداد, العراق == parasitic infections in some fishes from Tigris River, Al - Graiat location in Baghdad Province, Iraq

Author name: فاطمة خلف عطوان
Supervisor name: فاطمة خلف عطوان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت خلال الدراسة الحالية 578 سمكة من منطقة الكريعات الواقعة على نهر دجلة في محافظة بغداد اثناء المدة من شهر تموز 2015 ولغاية نهاية شهر اذار 2016. تضمنت هذه الاسماك، التي تعود الى 19 نوعا : 140 سمكة بلعوط ملوكي، 118 سمكة خشني، 66 سمكة بنيني كبير الفم، 46 سمكة حمري، 42 سمكة كارب اعتيادي، 38 سمكة بلطي احمر البطن، 21 سمكة بلطي ازرق، 14 سمكة قطان، 12 سمكة شبوط، 12 سمكة بني، 12 سمكة بنيني صغير الفم، 11 سمكة ذهبية، 11 سمكة شلك، 7 اسماك عراض، 7 اسماك سمنان، 6 اسماك ابو الزمير، 5 اسماك ابو براطم، 5 اسماك جري لاسع و5 اسماك مرمريج. فحصت الاسماك خارجيا وداخليا لتشخيص طفيلياتها. بينت النتائج وجود 77 نوعا من الطفيليات تضمنت : 14 نوعا من حاملات الاهداب، 17 نوعا من البوغيات المخاطية، 41 نوعا من الطفيليات احادية المنشا، اربعة انواع من المخرمات ونوعا واحدا من الديدان شوكية الراس. تم في هذه الدراسة تسجيل 22 نوعا من الطفيليات لاول مرة في العراق، تضمنت اربعة انواع من حاملات الاهداب هي : Trichodina centrostrigeata، T. intermedia، T. urinaria وTripartiella rhombi، عشرة انواع من البوغيات المخاطية هي : Myxobilatus baicalensis،Myxobolus bizerti ،M. branchialis ، M. chuatsi،M. dermatobius ، M. exiguus،M. kubanicum ،M. niei ، M. sphaerocapsularis وM. squamae، ثمانية انــــــواع مــــــن الطــــــفـــيـليات احادية المــــــنشا هــــي : Cichlidogyrus sclerosus، C. tilapiae، Dactylogyrus lenkoranoides،Gyrodactylus comephori، G. ibragimovi، G. macronychus، G. masu وParadiplozoon megalobramae. كما عد 50 نوعا من الاسماك مضيفات جديدة في العراق لـ 30 نوعا من الطفيليات.اظهرت انواع الطفيليات المسجلة في هذه الدراسة اختلافا في مواقع تطفلها في او على اجسام مضيفاتها، كما تباينت في نسب وشدد اصابتها للمضيفات المختلفة من الاسماك، كما بينت الدراسة الحالية وجود تباين في انواع واعداد الطفيليات التي تصيب انواع الاسماك، اذ كانت اسماك الكارب الاعتيادي والخشني مصابة باكبر عدد من انواع الطفيليات (21)، يليها كل من الشبوط والحمري (13)، وسمكة القطان (12)، وكل من البلعوط الملوكي وابو براطم والبنيني كبير الفم (11)، والبلطي احمر البطن (عشرة)، والسمكة الذهبية (خمسة)، وكل من البني والعراض (ثلاثة)، والشلك (اثنين)، وكل من البنيني صغير الفم والبلطي الازرق وابو الزمير والمرمريج والسمنان مصابة بنوع واحدا من الطفيليات، في حين لم تسجل اصابة باي نوع من الطفيليات في الجري اللاسع. | During the present investigation, a total of 578 fishes were collected from Al - Graiat location on the Tigris river at Baghdad province during the period from July 2015 until the end of March 2016. These fishes, which belonged to 19 species, included : 140 Chondrostoma regium, 118 Planiliza abu, 66 Cyprinion macrostomum, 46 Carasobarbus luteus, 42 Cyprinus carpio, 38 Coptodon zillii, 21 Oreochromis aureus, 14 Luciobarbus xanthopterus, 12 Arabibarbus grypus, 12 Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi, 12 Cyprinion kais, 11 Carassius auratus, 11 Leuciscus vorax, seven Acanthobrama marmid, seven Alburnus mossulensis, six Mystus pelusius, five Heteropneustes fossilis, five Barbus barbulus and five Mastacembelus mastacembelus. These fishes were externally and internally examined to identify their parasites. The results showed the presence of 77 species of parasites which included : 14 species of Ciliophora, 17 species of Myxozoa, 41 species of Monogenea, four species of Trematoda and one species of Acanthocephala. Among these parasites, 22 species were recorded for the first time in Iraq. These included : four species of Ciliophora (Trichodina centrostrigeata, T. intermedia, T. urinaria and Tripartiella rhombi), ten species of Myxozoa (Myxobilatus baicalensis, Myxobolus bizerti, M. branchialis, M. chuatsi, M. dermatobius, M. exiguus, M. kubanicum, M. niei, M. macrocapsularis and M. squamae), eight species of Monogenea (Cichlidogyrus sclerosus, C. tilapiae, Dactylogyrus lenkoranoides, Gyrodactylus comephori, G. ibragimovi, G. macronychus, G. masu and Paradiplozoon megalobramae). Also, 50 species of fishes were regarded as new hosts for 30 species of these studied parasites. The present study appeared a difference according to the site of infection on or in their hosts as well as in their prevalence and intensity of infections to their fish hosts, and showed verified in number and species of parasites that infected fishes. Among the infected fishes cyprinus carpio and Planiliza abu harbored the highest number of parasites species (21), followed by Arabibarbus grypus and Carasobarbus luteus (13), Luciobarbus xanthopterus (12), Chondrostoma regium and Barbus barbulus and Cyprinion macrostomum (11), Coptodon zillii (10), Carassius auratus (5), both of Acanthobrama marmid and Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (3), Leuciscus vorax (2), both of Alburnus mossulensis and Cyprinion kais and Mastacembelus mastacembelus and Mystus pelusius and Oreochromis aureus (1), but there is no infection appeared with parasites in Heteropneustes fossilis.

دراسة بعض الجوانب المناعية والجزيئية في المرضى المصابين بداء المقوسات العيني == Study of some Immunological and Molecular Aspects in Ocular Toxoplasmosis Patients

Author name: علي نزار ياسين
Supervisor name: اسراء قاسم العبيدي | وحيدة رشيد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The current study was conducted on 179 patients who attended the Retina Unit in Ibn Al - Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital in Baghdad from the beginning of March to the end of September 2014. The patients were divided a according to the clinical diagnosis to 3 roups; the first included 50 patients infected with ocular toxoplasmosis(OT) while 45 patients with uveitis ; In addition a control group was of 84 apparently healthy individuals (they don’t have any infection in their eyes.) was included. The sera patients were initially diagnosed by immune Latex test. The results showed that all the ocular toxoplasmosis patients (100%) were positive while none of the uveitis patients gave positive result, In control group,30 cases were infected with toxoplasmosis(35.7%) with a significant differences between the three groups (p<0.01). ELISA test results for specific T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies for were 84% positive to ocular toxoplasmosis as 42 patients versus 16% as 8 cases with negative test, while the positive rate in uveitis patients was 31.1% and considered as positive uveitis group, versus 31 negative case with rate 68.9%.The control group was reevaluated showed 35 positive case from 84 and formed a group called Asymptomatic toxoplasmosis. The levels of specific IgG and IgM were measured by international unit / ml.for all groups. The IgG level was 1.661 ± 0.187 IU/ml. in O.T. group followed by positive uveitis group 1.596 ± 0.157 and Asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group 1.501± 0.257 while negative uveitis group and control were recorded 0.389± 0.190 and 0.350 ± 0.167 respectively.IgM levels were increase in O.T. group 1.922 ±0.510 followed by positive uveitis group 1.867 ± 0.061 then asymptomatic toxoplasmosis came 1.744 ± 0.070. Finally the negative uveitis and control groups were registered 0.632 ± 0.166 and 0.618 ± 0.236 respectively.The study of some properties, coupled with ocular toxoplasmosis, including the sex and age for positive IgG antibody groups as it reflected the probability of female to male rate of 74.28% and 25.72%, respectively for OT group, while positive uveitis 58.33% and 41.67% respectively. Asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group has recorded 53.33% and 46.67%, respectively, with no significant differences between the three groups. The age variable has the results of the current study showed no significant differences between positive IgG antibody groups, as OT group focused within the age range 40 - 49 years and 60 - 70 years and similar rate of 22.88%, while positive uveitis and asymptomatic toxoplasmosis groups focused within at the age range 20 - 29 years and 33.33% and 30% respectively. As for positive IgM antibody groups and sex differences, with no significant differences recorded as OT group of males 71.43% and females 28.57%, while asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group 60% for males and 40% for females recorded. The positive uveitisgroup was limited to females only 100%. As well as not significant differences between positive IgM antibody groups were recorded for variable of age as it was OT group within the age range 30 - 39 years and 50 - 59 years with a similar rate 28.57% and 40 - 49 years by 42.86%. As positive uveitis group was within the age range 20 - 29 years and 30 - 39 years, with a similar rate 50%, while asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group within the age range 20 - 29 years and 30 - 39 years, with a similar rate of 40% and 40 - 49 years by 20%.Investigation of a specific part of B1 gene in size 469 base pair for positive cases to ELISA test was done by conventional PCR test. O.T. group recorded 10 positive results from 42 patients in 23.8% percent, while positive uveitis group that has 14 patients in which only 3 positive cases in 21.4 percent. Three positive cases was recorded also in asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group in 8.6% percent. No significant differences for this test between studied groups in probability (p.0.05). Real - time PCR was applied also on a positive studied groups to ELISA test also.O.T. group recorded 14 positive case in 33.3% percent, positive uveitis and asymptomatic toxoplasmosis registered only 7 case in rate 50% and 20% respectively, No significant differences for real - time PCR in probability (p.0.05) between the three groups.The present study included als o that contain measuring changes in thelevels of some cytokines that estimated by pg. /ml. for all studied groups.The level of IL - 4 in positive uveitis group reached to 28.22 ± 7.74 followed by asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group 26.72 ± 3.72.then O.T.group 21.39 ± 5.03 while negative uveitis group reached a concentration 16.17 ± 5.66,control group came finally and reached lowest concentration 5.08 ± 2.8.High level of IL - 6 was in O.T. group 33.09 ± 19.57 and positive uveitis group 22.26 ± 9.74 then asymptomatic toxoplasmosis 16.83± 6.06, negative uveitis registered 15.94 ± 6.11,control group came to record the lowest concentration 11.70 ± 5.44. An increase in IL - 10 was record in O.T.gruop 24.24 ± 6.27 followed by negative uveitis group 21.35 ±7.64 then asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group 19.15± 3.95 while positive uveitis showed a level 17.65 ± 2.75,the lowest level was in control group 14.28 ± 2.79. High level of Interferon - gamma Inducible Protein - 10 ( IP - 10 ) was got in O.T. group in a concentration 22.66 ± 3.48followed by positive uveitis group 17.09 ± 1.97, then negative uveitis group 16.91± 3.02. Asymptomatic toxoplasmosis group reached 16.89 ± 2.46 and lowest concentration in control group 14.78 ± 2.26.Granulocytes - macrophages colonies stimulating ( GM - CSF) registered a highest level in positive uveitis 47.44 ± 15.04 followed by O.T. group 45.14 ±10.05 the negative uveitis group 43.12± 9.35 and Asymptomatic toxoplasmosis record 39.26± 12.03 while control group the lowest concentration 29.44± 5.29.There were no significant differences between the studied groups (p.0.05). in the levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF).

دراسة كيمونسجية مناعية وعلاجية في الفئران الممنعة والمصابة بالاكياس العدرية == Immunohistochemical and Therapeutic Study in Immunized and Infected Mice With Hydatid Cyst

Author name: افراح عبد الامير صادق العامري
Supervisor name: وحيدة رشيد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الحالية جوانب اساسية للاصابة بالاكياس العدرية الثانوية لـ 120 فارا من ذكور الفئران البيض Mus musculusسلالة Balb/c، شمل الجانب الاول تحديد دور التمنيع في الجوانب الدموية كالعد التفريقي لخلايا الدم البيض والجوانب المناعية كفرط الحساسية الاجلة ومعامل البلعمة. اوضحت نتائج العد التفريقي ارتفاعا ملحوظا في اعداد الخلايا اللمفاوية بنسبة 64.75% مع حدوث تباين في اعداد الخلايا احادية النواة والحمضة وانخفاضا في اعداد الخلايا العدلة ليصل 32% في مجموعة الفئران الممنعة والمجرعة بمضادات الاكسدة. وفيما يتعلق بالاستجابة المناعية الخلوية المتخصصة المتمثلة بقياس فرط الحساسية الاجلة في وسادة القدم اليسرى، اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية حصول ارتفاع في معدل سمك وسادة القدم في الفئران الممنعة والمجرعة بمضادات الاكسدة ، مع ارتفاع في معامل البلعمة بنسبة 74% مقارنة بفئران السيطرة السالبة، فضلا عن التغيرات العيانية لتلك المجموعة ومن ثم انعكس ايجابيا على المظهر الخارجي وحركة الفئران ووزنها وقابليتها على التغذية وعليه اصيبت تلك الفئران تجريبيا بداء الاكياس العدرية الثانوية من خلال الحقن داخل الخلب (البريتون) بـ 2000 رؤيس اولي من اكباد ورئات اغنام مصابة طبيعيا بالاكياس العدرية. اما الجانب الثاني من الدراسة تمثل بمعالجة الفئران المصابة بثلاثة عقاقير من مشتقات البنزيميدازول والايزوكوينولين هي الالبندازول ((ABZ والاوكسفيندازول (OFZ) والبرازكوينتل (PZQ) ومتابعة بعض الجوانب الدموية والمناعية في الفئران بعد الاصابة والتمنيع والمعالجة، وشملت العد التفريقي لخلايا الدم البيض، اختبار فرط الحساسية الاجلة، معدل معامل البلعمة، اختبار النوى الصغيرة واختبار الانتشار المناعي في الهلام. سجلت مجموعة الفئران المعاملة بعقارOFZ وOFZ+PZQ ارتفاع النسب المئوية للعدلات وانخفاض الخلايا اللمفاوية مقارنة مع فئران مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة، وسجلت زيادة في سمك وسادة القدم اليسرى بعد 24 ساعة مقارنة بالمجاميع الاخرى ومقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة، وسجلت زيادة معنوية في معدل معامل البلعمة في مجموعة الفئران المعاملة OFZ (53.17%) ومجموعة الفئران المعاملة OFZ+PZQ (71.5%) وانخفاضا معنويا في معدل النوى الصغيرة (28% و29.1%، على التوالي) مقارنة مع الفئران المعاملة بـOFZ+ABZ وABZ+PZQ، مما يدل على كفاءة المعالجة بعقار OFZ بشكل مفرد او متحد. اما الجانب الثالث فتمثل بدراسة تاثير الاصابة بالاكياس العدرية والعلاجات الكيميائية المختلفة في وظائف الكبد اذ اظهرت الدراسة ان انزيمات الكبد وهي AST وALT وALP فضلا عن مستوى البيليروبين الكلي والمباشر في مصل الفئران المعاملة بـ OFZ وبـ OFZ+PZQ كانت نتائجها اقرب الى السيطرة السالبة مقارنة مع المجموعتين OFZ+ABZ وABZ+PZQ.اما الجانب الرابع فشمل دراسة الجوانب الحياتية المتعلقة بوزن الفئران الممنعة والمعاملة بعقار OFZ بشكل مفرد او مختلط مع البرازكوينتل OFZ+PZQحيث ظهر ارتفاعا طفيفا بمعدل وزنها بنسبة 11.13% و12.10% على التوالي مقارنة بفئران السيطرة السالبة مقارنة بالفئران المعاملة بـ OFZ+ABZ وABZ+PZQ التي سجلت زيادة معنوية ((p≤0.001 قدرها 13.50% و14.87% على التوالي. وسجلت مجموعة الفئران المعاملة انخفاضا في معدل وزن الكبد ومعدل تضخهما اذ اختلفت معنويا عن مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة عند مستوى احتمالية p≤0.001. لذا فحصت الاكياس العدرية الثانوية بعد اربعة اشهر من الاصابة وتم قياس وزن وقطروعدد الاكياس العدرية وحساب الكفاءة النسبية للعلاج, اظهرت الدراسة ان عقارOFZ+PZQ اعلى كفاءة علاجية (96.70%) لكونه تسبب باختفاء الاكياس من الطحال وتلته المعاملة بعقار OFZ) 93.75%)، وسجلت المجاميع المعاملة بعقارOFZ+ABZ وABZ+PZQ كفاءة علاجية نسبية بلغت 82.5% و77.5%, على التوالي. شملت الدراسة التغيرات النسجية المرضية في طحال وكبد الفئران بعد اربعة اشهر من الاصابة والمعاملة. بينت النتائج حصول تغيرات نسجية معتدلة مقارنة مع فئران السيطرة الموجبة. وعند التقصي عن دور بعض الحركيات الخلوية في الاستجابة المناعية ضد طفيلي المشوكة الحبيبية عن طريق الكيمونسجية المناعية ( IHC) اظهرت النتائج زيادة مستوى الحركيات الخلوية المفرزة من قبل الخلايا التائية المساعدة - النوع الاول (Th1) متمثلة بانترلوكين - 2، انترفيرون - كاما وعامل تنخر الورم اظهرت النتائج ارتفاعا معنويا ((P≤0.001 في مستوى تعبير بروتينIL - 2 في مجموعة الفئران المعاملة بـ OFZ+PZQ التي بلغت في الطحال 65.1% والكبد 54.1% مقارنة بالمجاميع الاخرى ومجموعة السيطرة السالبة والموجبة، وزيادة تعبير بروتين IFN - γفي المجاميع المعاملة مقارنة بمجاميع السيطرة السالبة والموجبة. وبينت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي وجود فروق معنوية عالية ذات دلالة احصائيةp≤0.001 في مستوى تعبير بروتينات TNF - α مقارنة مع مجموعتي السيطرة السالبة والموجبة. اما بالنسبة الى الحركيات المفرزة من قبل خلايا Th2 فقد سجلت نقصانا في انترلوكين - 10 وعامل تحويل النمو بيتا لدى الفئران المعاملة بالمجاميع العلاجية الاربعة لاسيما المجموعة المعالجة بـ OFZ+PZQ فقد اظهرIL - 10 تعبير بروتينيا واطئا في الطحال بلغ 29.7% وفي الكبد 8.2% مقارنة بالمجاميع المعاملة الاخرى ومجموعة السيطرة، كما اظهرت الفئران الممنعة والمعاملة مستوى تعبير بروتينات TGF - β فروقا معنوية عند مستوى احتماليةp≤0.001 للمجاميع مقارنة مع مجموعتي السيطرة السالبة والموجبة. بشكل عام لوحظ ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى الحركيات الخلوية المنتجة من قبل Th1 وTh2وبشكل متوازن لدى الفئران الممنعة والمعاملة. | The current research in deals with fundamental aspects of the infection of 120 white mice Mus musculus strain Balb/c with secondary hydatid cysts, comprising first aspect the role of immunization in the haematological aspects such as the differential count of white blood cells and the immunological aspects such as the delayed type hypersensitivity and phagocytosis. The results of differential white blood cell count showed marked increase in the numbers of lymphocyte percentage (64.75%) with a variation in the numbers of monocytes and eosinophils and a decrease in neutrophil numbers which reached 32% in mice immunized and orally administered with antioxidants. In connection with delayed type hypersensitivity in the foot pad the results showed a rise in the rate of foot pad thickness in mice immunized and orally administered with antioxidants as the highest thickness reached 0.82 mm at 24 hours after the injection of antigen and phagocytosis index in mice immunized and orally administered with antioxidants showed an increase of 74% compared with negative and positive control mice in addition to the gross changes of this group which was positively reflected on their appearance, movement, weight and feeding. So this group was experimentally infected with secondary hydatid cyst through their intra peritoneal injection with 2000 protoscolices. The second aspect of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of three drugs which belong to Benzimedazole and Isoquinoline viz albendazole (ABZ), oxfendazole (OFZ) and praziquental (PZQ) as well as to follow - up some aspects of the haematological and immunological parameters in mice after their infection, immunization and treatment which included differential white blood cell count, delayed type hypersensitivity test, phagocytosis, micronucleus test and agar gel immune diffusion test.Regarding changes in differential white blood cell count, mice treated with OFZ and OFZ + PZQ showed an increase in neutrophils and decline in lymphocytes compared with positive control group. Also, an increase in foot pad thickness after 24hrs compared with other treated groups and positive control group. An increase in the phagocytosis was noticed in OFZ treated group (53.17%) and OFZ+PZQ treated group (71.5%) and a significant decline in the micronucleus test of 28% and 29.1%, respectively compared with mice treatment with OFZ + ABZ and ABZ+ PZQ which indicates the efficiency of OFZ drug treated alone or in a combination form.The third aspect of the study was to evaluate the effect of infection with hydatid cyst and different chemical treatments on liver functions where the study showed that liver enzymes such as AST, ALT and ALP, as well as the total and direct bilirubin serum level in mice treated with OFZ alone and OFZ + PZQ were closer to those of the negative group compared with the groups treated with OFZ+ABZ and ABZ+PZQ.The fourth aspect of the study was to evaluate the biological aspects related to weight of the mice treated with OFZ alone or combination with praziquental OFZ+PZQ where a slight increase in the average weight of 11.13% and 12.10%, respectively was occurred in compared with the negative control due to the low number of cyst and cyst fibrosis which occurred in comparison with those existed in mice treated with OFZ+ABZ and ABZ+PZQ which showed a significant increase(p<0.001) which reached 13.50% and 14.87%, respectively.The treated group showed a reduction in liver weight and enlargement rate which was significantly different from that of the positive control group at the level of probability of P< 0.001, as OFZ+PZQ caused the disappearance of the cysts from the spleen(96.70%), followed by group treated with OFZ (93.75%) and then by group treated with OFZ+ABZ and ABZ+ PZQ which showed a treatment efficacy of 82.5% and 77.5%, respectively. The study also included the evaluation of the pathological changes of liver and spleen of mice after four months of the infection and treatment. The result showed satisfactory histopathological changes in comparison with positive control group. When investigating the role of some cellular interleukins in the immune response against Echinococcus granulosus through the immunohistochemical (IHC)test, the results showed an increase in the level of cytokines secreted byTh1 such as IFN - γ andTNF - α as well as IL - 2. The results showed higher level of protein expression IL - 2 in mice group treated with OFZ+PZQ which amounted 65.1% in spleen and 54.1% in liver compared with other treated and negative and positive control groups. Also, an increase in protein expression of IFN - γ was occurred in the treated groups compared with the negative and positive controls except in the group which was treated with OFZ+PZQ where no significant differences were appear in the negative control. The statistical analysis showed the presence of high significant differences (p<0.001) in the level of expression proteins TNF - α compared with negative and positive control groups. Reduction level of cytokines secretion from Th2 (IL - 10 and TGF - β) in mice treated with the four treated group particularly the group which was treated with OFZ+PZQ showed that IL - 10 protein expression in spleen was low and reached 29.7% and 8.2% in liver compared with the other treated and control groups. The level of expression of proteins of TGF - β in the immunized and treated mice showed significant differences at the level of the probability of p<0.001 of the group compared with negative and positive control group. Generally, a high significant level of cytokines produced byTh1andTh2 in immunized and treated mice

دراسة تاثير مزيج من بعض المستخلصات لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السرو في حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية للمشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus خارج وداخل الجسم الحي == Study the effect of plant extracts mixture from seeds of Peganum harmala & cones of Cupressus sempervirens on viability of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro and in vivo

Author name: نور نهاد باقر وزان
Supervisor name: فوزية احمد الشنوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة استخدام المستخلصات المائية لبذور الحرمل بالتراكيز 10، 20، 30 مليغرام/مليليتر، ومخاريط السرو بالتراكيز50 ،100، 200مليغرام/مليليتر. اما المستخلصات الكحولية لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السروكانت التراكيز1،2 ،3 مليغرام/مليليتر و50، 100، 200 مليغرام/مليليتر على التوالي بينما الخليط المائي لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السروكانت التراكيز(10+50)، (20+100) و(30+200) مليغرام/مليليتر، اما تراكيز الخلط الكحولي للنباتين(1+50)،(2+100) و(3+200) مليغرام/مليليتر؛ وذلك لدراسة تاثيرها في حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية لطفيلي المشوكات الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus في الزجاجIn vitro من اجل الوصول الى التركيزالفعال في قتل الرؤيسات خلال اقصرمدة زمنية ممكنة لحقنه داخل التجويف البريتوني للفئران البيض سلالة Balb/c في الجسم الحي In vivo انخفضت الحيوية عند استخدام المستخلص المائي لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السرووالخلط المائي لهما فحصل القتل التام للرؤيسات الاولية عند التراكيز 30، 200 و( 30+200)مليغرام/مليليتر في الزمن 30 دقيقة على التوالي. بينما تميزت المستخلصات الكحولية لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السرو والخلط الكحولي لهما بالقتل التام للرؤيسات في الزمن صفر دقيقة عند التراكيز 3، 200 و(3+200) مليغرام/مليليتر على التوالي . وبعد اختيار التراكيز الفعالة تم تجريبها في الفئران البيض المحقونة بالرؤيسات الاولية وقياسها بالسيطرة الموجبة المحقونة بالرؤيسات وغير المعاملة بالمستخلصات النباتية والخلط والبندازول، وبالسيطرة السالبة المحقونة بالمحلول الملحي الطبيعي Normal saline من اجل بيان تاثير المستخلصات النباتية والخلط المائي والكحولي والبندازول داخل الجسم الحي عن طريق دراسة التغيرات الحاصلة في معدل اعداد واوزان واقطار الاكياس العدرية والنسب المئوية لاختزالها في الجسم ؛ اذ تبين حدوث اختزال بنسبة 100% في المجاميع اجمع قياسا بالسيطرة الموجبة غير المعاملة اذ لم يلاحظ وجود الاكياس العدرية الثانوية في المجاميع المعاملة جميعها.وتم دراسة التغيرات الحاصلة في معدلات اوزان الكبد والطحال ومعدلات تضخمهما في المجاميع المعاملة بالمستخلصات النباتية المائية والكحولية والخلط المائي والكحولي والبندازول. وقد لوحظ حدوث تباين في المعدلات اذ كانت منخفضة عن السيطرة الموجبة والافضلية كانت لمجموعة الخلط الكحولي لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السرو اذ اقتربت من السيطرة السالبة . وشملت هذه الدراسة ايضا معرفة تاثير هذه المستخلصات والبندازول في نسيج الكبد والطحال عن طريق دراسة التغيرات النسيجية لهما اذ حصل في الكبد تغيرات عديدة منها تغيرات في شكل الخلايا الكبدية، وزيادة في اعداد خلايا كفر الدفاعية في الفئران المعاملة التي كانت اقل مما ظهر في فئران السيطرة الموجبة، اما الطحال فاظهر توسعا في اللب الابيض وظهور الخلايا المكونة للصفيحات الدموية (Megakaryocytes) في الفئران المعاملة قياسا بالسيطرة السالبة وكانت هذه التغيرات اقل حدة في الفئران المعاملة بالخلط المائي والكحولي لبذورالحرمل ومخاريط السرو؛ لذلك فان نتائج التغيرات تبين امكانية استخدام الخلط المائي والكحولي للنباتين وبالتراكيز (30+50) و(1+50) مليغرام/مليليترعلى التوالي داخل الجسم الحي بطريقة امنة عن طريق قدرتها على تحفيز الجهاز المناعي وتوهين الرؤيسات الذي ادى الى منع تطورها الى اكياس عدرية ثانوية داخل الجسم الحي دون اثار جانبية سلبية قياسا ببقية العقاقير الكيميائية مما يؤهلها للتقليل من المضاعفات الحاصلة في العمليات الجراحية . كما تم دراسة الجرعة المميتة لهذه المستخلصات والخلط للاستفادة منها عند حقن الحيوانات فكانت الجرعة المميتة لكلا الحيوانات المحقونة بالمستخلص المائي والكحولي لبذور الحرمل 2.5 غرام/كيلوغرام؛ بينما كانت الجرعة المميتة للمستخلص المائي والكحولي لمخاريط السرو 5.18، 3.63 غرام/كيلوغرام على التوالي وكانت قيمة الجرعة المميتة للخلط المائي والكحولي للنباتين 6.7، 3.3 غرام/كيلوغرام على التوالي . وباجراء التحليل الاولي للكشف عن المجاميع الفعالة في المستخلصات المائية والكحولية لبذور الحرمل ومخاريط السرو تبين احتواء المستخلص المائي والكحولي لبذور الحرمل على القلويدات والكلايكوسيدات والصابونينات والفلافونيدات، بينما احتوى المستخلص الكحولي للنبات على الراتنجات فضلا عن المواد السابقة في المستخلص المائي. اما المستخلص المائي والكحولي لمخاريط السرو احتوى على الفينولات ،والتانينات ، والصابونينات، والفلافونيدات ،والكلايكوسيدات، والزيوت الطيارة، والتربينات، والستيرويدات ولم يحتو على القلويدات، ووجدت الراتنجات في المستخلص الكحولي لمخاريط نبات السرو. | This study included the using of the aquatic extracts for the seeds of Peganum harmala and cones Cupressus sempervirens with the concentration ( 10, 20, 30 )mg/ml and (50,100,200)mg/ml respectively and the aquatic mixture for seeds P. harmala and cones C.sempervirens with concentration {(10+50),(20+100),(30+200)}mg/ml and alcoholic extracts of the seeds P. harmala and cones C.sempervirens with concentration (1,2,3)mg/ml and (50,100,200) mg/ml respectively and alcoholic mixture of them with concentration {(1+50),(2+100),(3+200)} mg/ml .To study of the influence of plant extracts and mixture in the percentage of vitality of the protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus In vitro for the purpose of arriving to the active concentration in killing of protoscolices during the shortest period of time possible in order to inject it intraperitoneal of the white mice In vivo as the vitality of protoscolices had caused complete death at the time 30 minute when using the aquatic extracts of seeds P. harmala and cones C. sempervirens and aquatic mixture of them at the concentration {30,200,(30+200)}mg/ml respectively . the alcoholic extracts of seeds P. harmala and cones C. sempervirens and alcoholic mixture of them with concentration {3,200,(3+200)}mg/ml these had differ to be distinguished with higher inhibition on the vitality of protoscolices and shown complete killing of protoscolices at the time zero minute . After the suitable concentration selection and then experimentation the active concentration on the mice injected with protoscolices and its comparison with the mice injected with protoscolices and not processed with plant extracts ,mitxure and albendazole (as positive control group ), the mice injected with albendazole and the mice injected with normal saline(as negative control ) to investigate the effect of plant extracts and albendazole in vivo with study the changes occurred in the average of the numbers weights, diameters of the hydatid cyst and the percentage for its reduction in the body as it appeared of getting the reduction of hydatid cyst with percentage 100% in all processed group with plant extracts , mixture and albendazole compared with positive group as its absence of the hydatid cyst in processed group. Also study the change occurred in the averages of the weights of the liver and spleen and the averages of its distension ,as it appeared the occurrence of the variation in the averages of the weights of the liver and spleen and the factors of its distension ,as the lowering significantly of these average occurred in all processed groups with plant extracts, mixture and albendazole about of the positive group and the best result of alcoholic mixture group which was approach to the negative group. This study included tissular changes occurred in the liver and spleen concerning the liver it appeared the occurrence of many tissular changes it most important are the changes of the liver cell and increase in the number of the kupffer cell as a defensive in the processed rates were less than what it appeared in the rate with the positive control, but the spleen ,it appeared the dilation of the whit pulp and the appearance of the cell composing of the hemic platelets(megakaryocyte cells) in the mice processed in comparison with unprocessed negative control group. these tissular changes were of less acuity in each of the group processed with the aquatic and alcoholic mixture of the seeds P. harmala and cones C. sempervirens compared with remaining groups . Thus from the results of this study at appeared the possibility of using the aquatic and alcoholic mixture of the seeds P. harmala and cones C. sempervirens with concentration {(30+50),(3+50)}mg/ml respectively in vivo in successful and safe way in the medical understanding by it a capability of initiating the immunity system which caused to the prohibition of the development of the protoscolices to the secondary hydatid cyst in vivo without causing the side effect in comparison with remaining chemical drug and white it qualifies it to decrease the complications of occurring drug the surgical operation . Also this study included knowing the lethal dose of plants extracts and the aquatic, alcoholic mixture of seeds P. harmala and cones C. sempervirens to purpose utilization its when injected the animal, as the lethal dose of aquatic and alcoholic extract of seeds P. harmala was 2.5gm/kgm while the lethal dose of aquatic and alcoholic extract of cones C. sempervirens was 5.18gm/kgm,3.63gm/kgm respectively. and the dose of aquatic and alcoholic mixture was 6.7gm/kgm,3.3gm/kgm respectively By performing phytochemical analysis the results showed the aquatic and alcoholic extracts of seeds P. harmala contain alkaloids, flavonoids ,glycosides whereas aquatic and alcoholic extracts of cones C. sempervirens contain phenol, tannin, flavonoids ,glycosides ,terpenoids , steroids and volatile oils but only alcohol extract of seeds P. harmala and cones C. sempervirens contain resins

دراسة كفاءة خليط من مستخلصات قشور ثمار الرمان وثمار الشفلح في تضعيف حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية للمشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus. Batzsh,1786 خارج الجسم الحي وداخله == The study of efficiency of mixture extracts from Pericarp of Punica granatum L. and Fruit of Capparis spinosa L. in attenuation of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus. Batzsh,1786In vitro and In vivo

Author name: نهى محمد موسى الدوري
Supervisor name: فوزية احمد الشنوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان هدف هذه الدراسة اختبار فعالية كل من المستخلصات المائية والكحولية لقشور الرمان Punica granantum L. وثمار الشفلحL. Capparis spinosa بتراكيز )300،200،100،50 (مليغرام /مليليتر.كما تم خلط المستخلصات المائية لقشور الرمان وبتراكيز (100،50) مليغرام /مليليتر مع (200،100) مليغرام /مليليتر من المستخلص المائي لثمار الشفلح وبالتراكيزنفسها تم خلط المستخلصات الكحولية وتقويم فعاليتها في تضعيف حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية لطفيلي المشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus .Batch,1786 الماخوذة من كيس مائي لكبد احد الاغنام خارج الجسم In vitro لمعرفة جودة وفعالية التراكيز في قتل الرؤيسات الاولية ليتم اختبارها فيما بعد داخل الجسم ,اتضح من الدراسة خارج الجسم الحي (في الزجاج ) اذ انخفضت حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية عند استعمال المستخلص المائي لقشور الرمان وبتراكيز 300,200مليغرام /مليليتر والمستخلص المائي لثمار الشفلح ووبنفس التراكيز وللخليط المائي بتركيز (200+100)مليغرام /مليليتر لهما فحصل القتل التام للرؤيسات في الزمن60 ,60, 90,45,90دقيقة لكل من التراكيز .بينما تميزت المستخلصات الكحولية لقشور الرمان وثمار الشفلح والخليط الكحولي لهما فاحدثت القتل التام للرؤيسات في الزمن30,30 60,دقيقة عند التراكيز (200+100),300مليغرام /مليليتر وقبل اجراء اختبار فعالية المستخلصات داخل الجسم تم تحديد الجرعة المميتة المتوسطة التي بلغت 11.38,8.8,10,8.1,10.7,9.41غرام / كيلوغرام بالنسبة للمستخلصات المائية للرمان والشفلح والمستخلصات الكحولية للرمان والشفلح والخليط المائي والخليط الكحولي على التوالي, لكي تعد امينة الاستعمال وقليلة السمية . كما تضمنت الدراسة اختبار التراكيز المناسبة ومعاملتها بمجاميع الفئران المحقونة بالرؤيسات الاولية اما مجموعة السيطرة السالبة فتم حقنها بمحلول الملح الفسيولوجي Normal saline من اجل بيان تاثير المستخلصات النباتية داخل الجسم كما تم دراسة التغيرات الحاصلة في معدلات اعداد واوزان واقطار الاكياس العدرية والنسب المئوية لاختزالها في الجسم اذ تبين حدوث انخفاض في معدلات اعداد واوزان واقطار الاكياس العدرية الثانوية المتطورة في الفئران المعاملة بالمستخلصات المائية لنباتي الرمان والشفلح وزيادة نسب الاختزال قياسا بمجموعة السيطرة الموجبة في بقية المجاميع حيث وصلت النسبة المئوية لاختزال اعداد الاكياس العدرية الى 100%في بقية المجاميع المعاملة .اما التغيرات الحاصلة في معدلات اوزان الكبد والطحال ومعدلات التضخم فقد لوحظ حدوث تباين في معدلات الاوزان والتضخم اذ تقاربت قيم معدلات الوزن وتضخم الكبد للمجموعة المعاملة بالمستخلص المائي للشفلح والرمان مع مجموعة السيطرة الموجبة ,بينما حدث انخفاض معنوي واضح لهذه المعدلات في بقية المجاميع وكانت الافضلية للمجموعة المعاملة بالخليط الكحولي والمجموعة المعاملة بالمستخلص الكحولي للرمان اذ اقتربت من معدلات السيطرة السالبة .هذا وشملت الدراسة تقويم تاثير هذه المستخلصات النباتية والالبندازول Albendazole من دراسة التغيرات النسيجية الحاصلة في الكبد والطحال, ففي الكبد ظهرت تغيرات نسيجية عديدة اهمها وجود احتقان في بعض اوردة الكبد مع تغيرات لحجم الخلايا الكبدية وزيادة في اعداد خلايا كوفر Kupffer cells الدفاعية التي كانت اقل مما ظهر في مجموعة فئران السيطرة الموجبة ,اما الطحال فقد اظهر توسع اللب الابيض على حساب اللب الاحمر وزيادة ارتشاح الخلايا المولدة للصفيحات الدموية (خلايا النواء Megakaryocytes). وكانت هذه التغيرات اقل حدة في الفئران المعاملة بالخلط الكحولي. كما كانت التغيرات قليلة في المجاميع المعاملة بالمستخلصات الكحولية للنباتين ,لذا تبين من هذه الدراسة امكانية استخدام الخلط الكحولي والمستخلصات الكحولية بطريقة امنة عن طريق قدرتها على تحفيز الجهاز المناعي وتضعيف الرؤيسات ومنع تطورها الى اكياس عدرية ثانوية داخل الجسم الحي دون احداث اثار جانبية سلبية قياسا ببقية العقاقير الكيميائية مما يؤهلها للتقليل من المضاعفات الحاصلة في العمليات الجراحية . وباجراء التحليل الاولي للكشف عن المجاميع الفعالة في المستخلصات المائية والكحولية لقشور الرمان وثمار الشفلح تبين احتواء المستخلص المائي والكحولي لقشور الرمان على : القلويدات Alkaloids ، والكلايكوسيدات Glycosides ، والفلافونيدات Flavonoids ،و فينولات Phenols ، وتانينات Tannins ، وتربينات Terpenoids ،و سترويدات Steroids بينما احتوى المستخلص الكحولي فضلاعن هذه المواد الراتنجات Resins ايضا. اما المستخلص المائي والكحولي لثمار الشفلح يبين احتوائه على : القلويدات Alkaloids ، والفلافونيدات Flavonoids ، والكلايكوسيدات Glycosides ، بينما احتوى | This study aims to test the efficiency of each of the aquatic and alcoholic extracts for the Pericarp of Punica granatum L. and Fruit of Capparis spinosa L. in concentrations of ( 50 , 100 , 200 , 300 ) mg/ml. Also a mixture of aquatic extract of Punica granatum Pericarp in concentration of (50,100) mg/ml, and (100, 200) mg/ml concentrate of the aquatic extract of Capparis spinosa Fruit . And a similar mixture was prepared for the alcoholic extracts in similar concentrations. A test was performed for the efficiency of each of the prepared extracts, in attenuation of protoscolices Echinococcus granulosus. Batch,1786 which were isolated from hydatid cysts of liver in sheep In vitro to determine the optimum concentration to kill the protoscolices, where the test is then to be performed by injecting the protoscolices intraperitonealy in white mice In vivo. Actually the vitality of protoscolices had dropped drastically with the application of aquatic extracts of Punica granatum Pericarp at the concentrations of (200 , 300) mg/ml, and aquatic extracts of Capparis spinosa Fruit at the concentration of (200 , 300) mg/ml, and the mixture of both the aquatic extracts at the concentration (100+200) mg/ml, where complete death was achieved at times, 90 , 45 , 90 , 60 , 60 minutes respectively. Alcoholic extracts of Punica granatum Pericarp and Capparis spinosa Fruit , and their mixture showed complete killing of Protoscolices at the time 30 , 30 , 60 minute in concentrations of {300 & (100+200)} mg/ml.Before performing the test In vivo, we determined the average lethal doses which were 9.41 , 10.7 , 8.1 , 10 , 8.8 , 11.3 g/ kg for the aquatic extract of Punica granatum, Capparis spinosa, their Alcoholic extracts, the aquatic mixture, and the alcoholic mixture respectively. Thus, the extracts in such concentrations could be considered as safe and low poisoning . The study included testing and application of the best concentration for treatment of the white mice that were injected with protoscolices, a negative group were injected with normal saline to determine the effect of extracts In vivo. The study measured, also the changes in average numbers, weights, dimensions, and percentage of reduction of hydatid cysts In vivo. Where it showed a decrease in the average number, weight, factors of its distension of the secondary hydatid cysts which developed in mice treated with the aquatic extracts of Punica granatum , Capparis spinosa, and increase of percentage of reduction compared with the positive control group, where a 100% reduction of hydatid cysts was achieved in the treated groups.Changes in liver and spleen weights, and average of hypertrophy showed some variations. Where average of weights and hypertrophy of liver of mice treated with aquatic extracts of Punica granatum , Capparis spinosa were similar to those of the positive group. A significant drop in these averages was observed in other groups. Best results were observed in groups treated with the alcoholic mixture, as well as in those treated with the alcoholic extract of Punica granatum, where the changes were close to those of the negative group. The study included observation of the effect of treatment with the above mentioned extracts and with Albendazole, on tissue changes of liver and spleen. Where liver showed significant changes, most important of which were the changes of the liver cell and increase in the number of the kupffer cell as a defensive mechanism, which were much less than their rate in the positive control group. On the other hand, spleen showed dilation of the white pulp and the appearance of cells composing of the Hemic platelet (megakaryocytic cells) in processed mice compared with unprocessed negative control group. These tissue changes were less persistent in groups processed with the alcoholic mixture of Punica granatum and Capparis spinosa and groups processed with the mixture of alcoholic extracts. By performing physiochemical analyses for the extracts to specify their effective compounds, we came to conclude that the aquatic and alcoholic extracts of Pericarp Punica granatum contain Alkaloids ,Flavonoids ,Glycosides, Phenols, Terpenoids, Tannins, and Steroids. whereas the alcoholic extracts in addition to these compounds, contain resins. whereas the aquatic extract of carp Capparis spinosa contain Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Terpenoids. Alcoholic extract of fruit Capparis spinosa contains in addition to these compounds ,tannin

التحري عن الاميبا الحالة للنسج/ الاميبا المتغايرة Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar في عينات البراز للمرضى با ستعمال تقنية PCR == Detection of Entamoeba Histolytic /Entamoeba Dispar In Stool Specimens By Using PCR Technique

Author name: بثينة عبد الحمزة حسون الزبيدي
Supervisor name: اخلاص مشرف عيدان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تسلط الدراسة الحالية الضوء على تشخيص وتحديد نسبة الاصابة بطفيلي الاميبا المرضية المتمثلة بالاميبا الحالة للنسج Entamoeba histolytica وتمييزها عن الاميبا غير المرضية المتمثلة بالاميبا المتغايرة Entamoeba dispar اللتين تتمايزان بشكلهما المتماثل في كلا الطور | This study sheds light on the determination and diagnose of the percentage of infection of like Entamoeba histolytica and differentiate it from the non pathogenic Entamoeba dispar that were morphologically identical in both cysts and trophozoite phase in two different groups : the first group includes 50 stool samples of patients suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain (symptomatic group) while the second group includes 95 stool samples of patients not suffering from diarrhea and abdominal pain (Asymptomatic group).In addition to that, 20 stool samples were collected from healthy individuals as a control these samples were collected patients of AL - Zafaranyia General Hospital and AL - Alwyia Childhood Teaching Hospital in Baghdad from July, 2011 to May, 2012.These samples belong to different ages (1 year - < 50 years) of different sexes (males and females). Entamoeba samples were diagnosed by using two methods : the first one is the wet mount as a General Stool Examination(GSE) after macroscopic examination for sample and classifying them according to their consistency (solid, semisolid and liquid) and color (brown and yellow) and presence of blood and mucous in addition to diagnosing them microscopically to detect the presence of pus cells and both phases trophozoite and cyst for Entamoeba histolytica.While the second method that was depended in diagnosis is duplex polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) by using two pairs of genes for detection of their amplification in DNA sample isolated from stool. The first pair is cystein proteinase which represents one of virulent factors in Entamoeba histolytica parasite as a tissue invader. The second pair encodes the surface antigen present on the surfaces of both parasites E. histolytica and E. dispar. It is represented by Actin gene (Act). The results of the wet mount showed that in percentage of infection of both species (E.histolytica/E.dispar) the (54%) of patient symptom and (34.37%) patient a symptom.While results of the specificity and sensitivity showed that in positive sample wet mount negative PCR while negative sample wet mount showed that positive PCR and higher percentage of infection the Entamoeba dispar. While the results of the dPCR showed that in spite of the presence of both species Entamoeba pathogenic (Entamoeba histolytica) and non pathogenic Entamoeba (Entamoeba dispar) , the percentage of infection of Entamoeba histolytica was lower than that of Entamoeba dispar. This was clear by the detection of amplification the Reaction producets (dPCR) by using both genes : Actin &Ehcp5 where only 8 samples were detected and they were found to be positive amplification Ehcp5 and 31 samples were positive amplification in both groups of patients (symptomatic and a symptomatic). The percentage of infection in females was higher than that in males for all ages when using both tests (wet mount & PCR). More over the patients with less than (10) years old had higher percentage of infection in both sexes.In conclusion, it should not be depended on direct wet mount technique for the identification of infected parasite Entamoeba histolytica and differentiating it from Entamoeba dispar because of their high homology. That the molecular examination is the only method that is able to determine the kind of infection with parasite Entamoeba

انتشار داء المقوسات العيني مع تقييم لبعض جوانب الحالة المناعية في عينة من المرضى العراقيين == Prevalence of Ocular Toxoplasmosis And Evaluation of Some Immune Status Aspects In A Sample of Iraqi Patients

Author name: عبير فاروق ساكن الحكيم
Supervisor name: اسراء قاسم العبيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على 104 مريضا من المراجعين لوحدة الشبكية في مستشفى ابن الهيثم التعليمي للعيون في بغداد للمدة من بداية شهر كانون الاول 2013 لغاية شهر حزيران 2014. قسمت مجموعة المرضى استنادا للتشخيص السريري وفحص اختبار التلازن Latex test الى 50 مصابا | The current study was conducted on 104 patients whose underwent to the retina unit in Ibn Al - Haitham Hospital of Eyes in Baghdad from December 2013 to May 2014. The patients groups were divided according to the clinical diagnosis to 50 patients infected with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) and 54 patents with uveitis, in addition to these groups acontrol group was also included 96 healthy apparent persons without any infection in their eyes.Some epidemiological characters were studied like age, that showed a little effect on two groups OT (Mean of age 38.07 ± 15.14) and uveitis (Mean of age 35.1 ± 17.6). The two groups were found in range 20 - 40 year while the control group include individuals with different age due to the randomly collection. The occupation factor play arole in the prevalence of infection with highly significant differences (P<0.05) in (house wife, workers) with a percentages 35(70%) 35(64.8%) in OT and uveitis groups respectively but the control group expend to include house wife, workers and officers with a total rate 92.7%.The education level also showed significant differences (P<0.01) among the studied groups, the most of ocular toxoplasmosis and uveitis samples were found in highly frequency at the primary, intermediate and secondary educational level with total rate 74% and 77.81% respectively while the control group was found at the secondary and under graduate educational level in 77.1%. The residency character was also examined and no revealed significant difference (P<0.05).The infection path was also set by the presence of animals especially cats which ware existed leading to statistical differences, p? 0.01 for OT group with rate 18%. The visual activity character showed no significant difference (P?0.05) between the patients of OT and uveitis who affected their visual acuity in right eye while the doubling response was recorded for uveitis patients with rate 55.6% in comparable with OT patients with rate 38% for the left eye. The intra ocular pressure was normal in both groups and for both eyes without significant difference.Latex and ELISA IgG. IgM serological tests were used in this study. The results were showed that latex test is easier and it is appear that OT patients were diagnosis with 100%, while the uveitis patients didn't show any positive result. Control group showed that 21 individuals were infected with rate of 21.9%.ELISA - IgG toxo. antibodies confirmed that the infection rate of OT patients was 39 (78%) versus 11(22%) with negative result, while the study also confirm that uveitis patient that have OT disease was 12 patient from 54 case, 42 case didn't diagnosis for OT. The control group was re - evaluated showed 28 case with toxoplasmosis infection from 96 case which from the subclinical group. The antibodies levels were measure by international unit/ ml for all groups, the IgG level was 3.186 ± 1.703 Iu/ml in positive control group followed by OT patients with 2.927 ± 2.417 and uveitis group 0.637 ± 0.803, finally the negative control group 0.276 ± 0.163. IgM levels were low and its presence didn't have any positive case. This study also showed that there was a relation between the IgG level and the pathological effect on eyes which resulted from infection for both groups OT and uveitis, it was high rate 73.5% with 50 patient, for posterior uveitis causing significant differences (P<0.05) followed by anterior uveitis with rate 13.2%.As for the results of cytokines there was a high level of IFN - ? in positive control group 793.7 ± 3461.6 pg/ml followed by OT group 550.6 ± 210.6 pg/ml, the uveitis group that in infected with ocular toxoplasmosis and negative control recorded 524.1 ± 173.6 and 506.6 ± 104.6 pg/ml levels respectively, this rise in the level of IFN - ? cause a significant differences at (P<0.05) for OT, uveitis (non infected) and positive control groups. TNF - ? recorded arise of its level in positive control group 34.89 ± 12.29 pg/ml followed by OT group 32.24 ± 9.91 pg/ml then positive uveitis group 23.61 ± 12.91 pg/ml after them negative control 14.62 ± 5.43 pg/ml finally negative uveitis group with 7.76 ± 4.04 pg/ml.High level of 1L - 12 was gotin positive control group in a concentration 827.00 ± 224.25 pg/ml followed by OT group with 811.28 ± 179.40 pg/ml. An increase in 1L - 17A was recorded in positive control group with mean 327.65 ± 77.89 pg/ml while converged concentration in OT group 263.73 ± 47.48 and positive uveitis group 252.57 ± 61.55 pg/ml. The lowest level was in negative control group 421.6 ± 168.14 pg/ml. MCP - 1 showed a rise in its level in positive control group 274.09 ± 92.05 pg/ml and reduce in OT patients 217.68 ± 98.70 pg/ml, while the two groups negative and positive uveitis recorded levels 155.71 ± 99.51 and 132.60 ± 99.02 pg/ml respectively. The lowest level was register in negative control 97.56 ± 79.17 pg/ml.

تاثير الاصابة بداء المقوسات الكوندية على المستويات الهورمونية والمدورات الخلوية خلال فترة بلوغ الانسان في محافظة بغداد == The Effect of Toxoplasmosis On Hormonal And Cytokines Levels During Human Maturity In Baghdad Province

Author name: ياسمين رياض عبد الكريم الخناق
Supervisor name: صباح ناصر العلوجي | خولة حوري زغير
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: داء المقوسات الكونديه مرض عالمي الانتشار حيث يصاب معظم الاشخاص ذوي المناعة الجيدة بطفيلي المقوسات الكونديه وغالبا دون ظهور اعراض. ان الهدف الرئيسي لهذه الدراسه هو فهم الفروقات الجنسيه, الهرمونيه والمناعيه في سن البلوغ في الاشخاص الذين لديهم اجسام مضاده نو | Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease where most healthy, immunocompetent individuals infected by Toxoplasma are almost asymptomatic.The primary goal of this study is to perceive the hormonal and immunological sex - differences in puberty age who have positive anti - Toxoplasma IgG specific antibodies. The secondary goal is to inspect the endocrine - immune interaction in these persons by detecting the effect of testosterone and oestradiol hormones level on cellular immune response namely, IL - 4, IL - 12. From the first of November 2012 till the end of April 2013, 303 blood samples were collected from apparently healthy male and female students of Al - Erfan, Ignadeen and Algawahery schools and Baghdad University, Both sexes where divided into two age groups : group (A) which included subjects with age range (12 - 15) years old and group (B) which included subjects with age range (16 - 19) years old. All serum samples were tested for toxoplasmosis by using Latex agglutination test and ELISA anti - Toxoplasma IgG antibodies test. As well as, all serum samples were tested by using ELISA technique for detection of serum mean concentration of testosterone, oestradiol hormones, IL - 12 and IL - 4. The results revealed that 107/ 303 (35.31%) of the studied subjects showed seropositive toxoplasmosis, 60 males and 47 females of 107 positive samples showed high significant (p<0.01) differences in comparison to uninfected subjects. Males group B have recorded the highest percentage 34(41.46%) of the infection. Positive association was found between toxoplasmosis and testosterone level in asymptomatic toxoplasmosis cases compared to uninfected group. high mean concentration of testosterone in toxoplasmosis infected males recorded (15.03± 1.04 ng/ml) and (12.4± 0.91 ng/ml) in groups A and B respectively, in comparison to control group which recorded (8.03± 0.78) and (9.86± 0.83) in groups A and B respectively. Also toxoplasmosis infected females revealed high levels of testosterone hormone which represented (4.83± 0.06 ng/ml) and (2.55± 0.03 ng/ml) in groups A and B respectively, with a significant (p?0.05) differences between them, while the control group recorded (0.10± 0.02 ng/ml) and (0.90±0.03 ng/ml) in group A and B respectively.The present study showed a significant (P?0.05) decrease in the mean concentration of oestradiol E2 hormone in toxoplasmosis infected males and females in comparison with uninfected ones. E2 mean concentration was (41± 2.48 ng/ml) and (56± 2.91 ng/ml) for male groups A and B, respectively, in comparison to control group which recorded (67± 2.08 ng/ml) and (74± 2.42 ng/ml) in group A and B respectively, while it was (188 ± 12.48 ng/ml) and (196 ± 16.52 ng/ml) for female group A and B respectively, in comparison to control group which recorded (221±12.09 ng/ml) and (233± 15.63 ng/ml) for group A and B, respectively.The mean concentration of E2 hormone in toxoplasmosis infected females according to their menstrual cycle showed low levels in ovulation, late follicular and luteal phases, which represent (37.5 ± 2.59 ng/ml), (131 ± 16.7 ng/ml) and (76± 3.92 ng/ml) respectively, while the mean concentration of this hormone in uninfected females was (52.4± 2.88 ng/ml), (271.6± 21.04 ng/ml) and (196.2± 12.37 ng/ml) in the three phases of menstrual cycle. This study showed high significant (p?0.05) level of IL - 12 in both males and females with latent toxoplasmosis in comparison with free - toxoplasmosis groups. The mean concentration of IL - 12 in infected males was (4.75 ± 0.88 pg/ml) and (4.12 ± 0.69 pg/ml) in male groups A and B respectively, in comparison to control group which was (2.86± 0.53 pg/ml) and (2.46± 0.62 pg/ml) in groups A and B respectively, while it was (5.60 ± 0.12 pg/ml) and (6.04 ± 0.26 pg/ml) in infected female groups A and B respectively, in comparison to control group which recorded (3.32± 0.89 pg/ml) and (4.27± 0.15 pg/ml) in group A and B respectively. IL - 4 recorded quite elevated level in toxoplasmosis infected males (groups A and B) which was (15.09 ± 0.92 pg/ml) and (17.67 ± 0.78 pg/ml) respectively, in comparison to control group which recorded (13.89± 0.84 pg/ml) and (14.92± 0.69 pg/ml) in groups A and B respectively, Meanwhile the mean concentration of IL - 4 in toxoplasmosis infected females showed mild elevation in both groups A and B which was (15.14 ± 0.84 pg/ml) and (16.06 ± 1.13 pg/ml) respectively, in comparison with toxoplasmosis free subjects which recorded (16.53± 1.22 pg/ml) and (15.15 ± 0.97 pg/ml) with no significant differences between them. Interactions between the endocrine and immune systems may mediate sex differences in response to toxoplasmosis infection.

دراسة في الوبائية والتحري بتقنية لداء (PCR) سلسلة تفاعل البلمره الابواغ الخبيئة في شمال بغداد == Study In Epidemiology And PCR Detection Of Cryptosporidiosis In North Of Baghdad

Author name: حارث سعيد جعفر الورد
Supervisor name: احسان مهدي الصقر | سهيلة حياوي محمود
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

الوبائية المصلية لمرضى داء المقوسات الكوندية في مرضى غسل الكلى (الديلزة) في بعض مستشفيات بغداد == The Seroepidemiology Of Toxoplasmosis In Hemodialysis Patients In Some Baghdad Hospitals

Author name: ايسر عماد عبد العزيز
Supervisor name: خوله حوري زغير
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

التحري عن الجينB1 في دم النساء الحوامل والمجهضات المصابات بطفيلي المقوسات الكونديه == Detection Of B1 Gene From Blood Of Pregnant And Abortive Women Infected With Toxoplasma Gondii

Author name: خوله حوري زغير الراوي
Supervisor name: سهيله حياوي محمود | هيفاء هادي حساني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة تاثير بعض المستخلصات النباتية في طفيلي الزحار الاميبي Entamoeba histolytica داخل الجسم الحي == Study of the effect of Some Plant Extracts on Amoebic Dysentery Parasite Entamoeba histolytica In Vivo

Author name: غصون عادل عبد الحسين
Supervisor name: وفاء الحــــسني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

The Effect Of Some Plants Extracts And Drugs On Immobilized Cysteine Proteinase Of Entamoeba Histolytica Isolated From Diarrhea In Al - Exandaria Districts - Babylon Province

Author name: هيام خالص عنفوص المسعودي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

استخدام وسط In-Pouch TV culture system كطريقة للتحري عن طفيلي Trichomonas vaginalis في بغداد/ الكرخ == The Usage Of In - Pouch TV Culture System As A Method For Trichomonas Vaginalis Detection In Baghdad - AlKarkh

Author name: ايات محمد سبع
Supervisor name: بان نوري القاضي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تاثير الاصابة بداء المقوسات الكوندية على مستوى بعض الهرمونات الجنسية الذكرية في عينات من المركز الوطني لنقل الدم/ بغداد == The Effect Of Toxoplasmosis On The Level Of Some Male Sex Hormones In Samples From National Blood Transfusion Center - Baghdad

Author name: سهاد حسن محمود الساعدي
Supervisor name: بان نوري القاضي | خولة حوري زغيرالراوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

محاولة علاج الاكياس العدرية في الفئران البيض بطريقة التمنيع والمواد الكيمياوية == A trial treatment of hydatidosis in white mice by Immunization and chemicals

Author name: امنة عبد الجبار ابراهيم
Supervisor name: وحيدة رشيد علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة دمية وكيموحيوية ومناعية للمرضى بداء الاكياس المائية == HAEMATOLOGICAL , BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDY IN PATIENTS WITH HYDATID CYST

Author name: احلام جاسم طاهر
Supervisor name: احسان مهدي الصقر | نهلة غانم عبد المجيد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة مرضية نسجية وبيئية حول اصابة اسماك الكارب الاعتيادي Cyprinus carpio والحمري Barbus luteus والخشني Liza abu بنوعين من الديدان المعوية == A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE INFECTION OF Cyprinus carpio, Barbus luteus AND Liza abu WITH TWO INTESTINAL WORMS

Author name: ذكرى فالح حسن
Supervisor name: فرحان ضمد محيسن | حسين عبد المنعم داود
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة طفيلية ومناعية للاوالي المعوية Giardia lamblia وEntamoeba histolytica في بغداد == Parasitological and Immunological Study on Intestinal protoza Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica in Baghdad

Author name: اريج عطية حسين
Supervisor name: وفاء حسن محمد | شاهناز عبد القادر علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

كفاءة بعض المستخلصات النباتية في ابادة المخرمات احادية المنشا المتطفلة على جلد وغلاصم اسماك الكارب الاعتيادي Cyprinus carpio L. == EFFICIENCY OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS IN ERADICATION OF MONOGENETIC TREMATODES PARASITZING SKIN AND GILLS OF THE COMMON CARP (Cyprinus caripo L.)

Author name: نوال عريبي الزاملي
Supervisor name: فرحان ضمد محيسن | مهدي ضمد القيسي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

بيئة وتصنيف وحياتية بعض طفيليات اسماك نهري الزاب الصغير والزاب الكبير في شمال العراق == ECOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND BIOLOGY OF SOME PARASITES OF FISHES FROM LESSER ZAB AND GREATER ZAB RIVERS IN NORTH OF IRAQ

Author name: شمال محمد امين عبد الله
Supervisor name: فرحان ضمد محيسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

دراسة وبائية عن الطفيليات المعوية في الاطفال المصابين بالاسهال والمراجعين لاثنين من مستشفيات الاطفال في مدينة بغداد == EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM DIARROEA AND ATTENDING TWO PEDIATRICS HOSPITALS IN BAGHDAD CITY

Author name: عادل عمران سلمان
Supervisor name: فرحان ضمد محيسن | عبد الرحمن عزيز الطائي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
1 2 3 4 5