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التنبؤ باستعمال نماذج الانحدار الذاتي العامة المشروطة بعدم تجانس التباين (GARCH) الموسمية مع تطبيق عملي == Forecasting The Use of Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic Models (GARCH) Seasonality With Practical Application

Author name: بريدة برهان كاظم
Supervisor name: فارس طاھر حسن الكواز
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: مما لا شك فيه، تحظى نماذج GARCH) ) بالفاعلية والشعبية الكبيرة في نمذجة البيانات الاقتصادية والمالية، اذ تسمح للتباين المشروط بالتغير عبر الزمن، مما يجعلها اكثر واقعية في المجال الاقتصادي. وتتوفر ميزة اخرى مهمة في عالم الاقتصاد، ممثلة بالموسمية، الت | Un doubtedly , The GARCH model is very popular and effectiveness in economic and financial data , since it allows the conditional variance to vary over time , which makes them more realistic for the economic world. And there is another important characteristic in the economic world , Represented seasonality , that exist in high frequency data such as daily series , it can be seen in the real data of the exchange rate IQD/USD , Because there are seasonal conditional heteroscedasticity clearly shows in this data , Thereby are dealt with this type of data using Multiplicative seasonal generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic models , Because it is proven effective to express their seasonal phenomenon on the contrary GARCH models which do not contain seasonal vehicle. hence the aim of the research reaching a better model represents the seasonal data with proof of the effectiveness of the seasonal model in preference to the usual model. it has been used to detect seasonal presence in the data first , after that was diagnosed a problem of heteroscedasticity passing through the phase estimation using the conditional maximum likelihood and assuming normal distribution of errors , then determine the appropriate rank of the model using a number of special criterian Represented each of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Schwartz Information Criterion (SIC) , Hannan Quinn Information Criterion (H - Q), down to the stage to predict , using two method to predict the first is the prediction in the sample , which objective was to infer the efficiency of the preferred model and the second way forecasting out of sample any prediction of future values.it is found through the application on the study data stages that the best model for predicting volatility is SGARCH (1,0)(1,0).

بناء انموذج محاكاة لايجاد معولية منظومة قدرة كهربائية == Building A Simulation Model To Find The Reliability of Electrical Power System

Author name: بروين ايشا كيوركيس
Supervisor name: خالد ضاري عباس الطائي
Specific topic: Operations Research
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: بعد التطور الكبير الذي حصل في مجال الحاسبات والاهتمام المتزايد باسلوب المحاكاة ومن خلال دراستنا وبحثنا في اساليب وطرائق بحوث العمليات كان الزاما علينا دراسة وتطبيق احدا اساليب بحوث العمليات المعروفة والتي نشعر بان لها فائدة عظيمة في خدمة قطاعات واسعة في ا | After the great development happened in computers field, the increasing interest in the simulation method, and through our study and research in methods and techniques of operations researches, it was necessary to study and apply one of the known operations researches methods, which we feel that it has a great benefit in serving many sectors in the society, and that is the simulation method.So we decided to merge between simulation and an other method which is not less important than it, which is Reliability.In the last years, the great and increasing interest in studying reliability method was due to the rapid technical development and using complex electronic systems, and relating between it and simulation method is an important thing, so we tried in this research to build a simulation model suitable for the system to measure its reliability and for two different study cases.The fist case is when it is possible to build a mathematical model (primary) for the system. Before starting with forming of reliability system, we must first specify the type of the system that we are going to work on. We chose surplus system to be our study system, because of its capability to provide many choices, in addition to that it permits increasing the reliability spite of external environmental pressures. Because of our many objectives that we wish to achieve in this stage of increasing the reliability, reducing the total cost and total weight of the designed system, we used multi - objective models. And for achieving desired objectives, we formed the model as a case of programming of nonlinear mixed integer numbers. After we had built the mathematical model for the system, we have now a model with three objective functions (reliability - cost - weight) and one condition of size. But when these objectives became unclear in their objective nature, it is possible to reform the case within the fuzzy theory, so we have in this case a reliability system with fuzzy objectives. To solve models like this, it had been made a computer program with Q - Basic language to find the results using FAGP and FNLP methods with the assistance of Monte - Carlo simulation method to find the perfect reliability for the surplus system.As for the second case when it is impossible to build a pre - model for the system, and this is what happens when we have a complex systems and nets, in which the normal methods becomes useless for the total reliability of the system, so we use the simulation method (flow method) and in a direct way to find the reliability.The flow method is applied to Al - Quds electric power distribution station, in which it had been made a computer program with Q - Basic language to find the total reliability for the station and lost power in the year, in addition to determine the number of breakdowns in the specified period, and we tried using simulation to improve the reliability of the station by adding a spare parts

الابتكارات الحديثة في انظمة المدفوعات وتاثيرها في استقرار السياسة النقدية مع اشارة الى تجربة الاتحاد الاوروبي

Author name: برهان عثمان حسين البرزنجي
Supervisor name: ثريا عبد الرحيم علي الخزرجي
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اثر تصميم الوظيفة في فاعلية فرق العمل : دراسة تطبيقية في دائرة مدينة الطب == The Affect of Job Design Team Work Effectiveness Empirical Study In Medicine City Organization

Author name: براق طالب عبد الجبار الحيدر
Supervisor name: صلاح محمود عبد الكريم الرحيم
Specific topic: Business Administration
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

معولية الانظمة الكبيرة القابلة للتصليح مع تطبيق عملي

Author name: براق صبحي كامل
Supervisor name: لميعة باقر جواد الجواد
Specific topic: Operations Research
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان المعولية - كما هو معروف - موضوع واسع، بحيث لن يكون بالامكان تناول جميع طرائقه في رسالة واحدة. لذلك تم التركيز في هذه الرسالة على حساب المعولية للانظمة القابلة للتصليح باستخدام طريقتين، الطريقة الاولى هي اسلوب ماركوف بعد تحديد الحالات الانتقالية ومعدلا

المحفظة الاستثمارية الحديثة وامكانية تطبيقها : دراسة حالة سوق العراق للاوراق المالية == The Modern Portfolio Theory And Their Possible Application : Case Study of The Iraqi Market For Stock Exchange

Author name: براء محي الدین ابراهیم الاعظمي
Supervisor name: محمد صالح سلمان الكبيسي
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This study highlight the vital part of the economy but a portfolio investment, the fact that the portfolio selection process consists of two parts, one based on scientific facts is formed in front of investor The second part is the view of the individual Alchkssp direction of each molecule within the investment portfolio, which being, so the basic premise that the investor builds its conclusions on the extent of his faith in the future accomplishment earned him the financial market. The purpose of the selection problem of the thesis is not the absence of solutions, but the lack of a systematic economic address in full, and due to how the vision is most clearly as possible to both parts of the investment portfolio, namely, the return and risk, the problem is between what the investor wants achieved return for what is achieved already and what to accept the risk of confrontation and what is the risk of the portfolio in fact. It is this basis of this letter seeks to achieve several goals, the first access to the basic theory to solve the problem is the possibility of application of the theory of modern portfolio investment in the Iraqi market for securities and the suitability of the Iraqi economy, and the second the possibility of creating a wide application of policy Tnoieip efficient investment portfolio and third - term application of the method systematic scientific approach to portfolio investment in the Iraqi financial market and the fourth is the ability to build accurate conclusions for the future of racial and portfolio risk and return them by relying on historical data of each financial asset or several types of financial asset of one and the quality of the results achieved. Therefore, the premise upon which the study was the adoption of portfolio theory as a basis to draw a scientific and systematic way to access the maximum possible returns with the face of the lowest possible risk through the activation of efficient policy of diversification with the appropriate combination with the investment portfolio compared with similar work and act for the difference between methodological approach taken and the method of random non - systematic, the success of the hypothesis was tested by selecting a sample of joint stock companies operating in the Iraqi market for securities and depending on certain financial indicators to derive the most accurate results, which can show us the best possible vision for the future of the reality of the investment portfolio of the design was done investment vocabulary consists of the sample was selected based on efficiency in terms of return and low risk, and that led to the results proved the success of the user mode within the reality of the Iraqi economy. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com The letter contained five chapters discuss the first chapter in his upbringing and the concept of modern portfolio theory and overlap between them and the theory of economic benefit, while the Chapter II contains the components parts of the investment portfolio and how to build an investment portfolio modern theory of the basics, and Chapter III Regulations in the Iraqi market for securities and the fundamental basis of by the methodological approach taken in the test, the fourth chapter has also addressed the comparison between the portfolio working without scientific basis and the investment portfolio that has been adopted and built on scientific method and the theoretical foundation of the theory of portfolio investment, and that Chapter V contains the conclusions had been reached in the This study in addition to the recommendations it deems researcher within this message. The most important conclusions reached are : 1. Methods that must be followed to achieve the investment objectives selected in the squad for the wallet is pursuing a policy of investment Tnoieip efficient. 2. Indicated that follow such a systematic way has proved clear guidelines on the difference between him and the random - based Allaalmip, which showed no impact on the investment within the Iraqi financial market. 3. Find the way to determine the impact of mental outlook for the investor to both the size of the return that he wants to achieve in relation to the risk that possible to face in any combination selected by any policy Tnoieip followed. 4. Achieve scientific method used to infer two main points : A. Get on the prospects for more efficient to configure a variety of policy and the use of diversification that may be appropriate to the aspirations of the investor. B. The adoption of mobile style in his analysis of economic and financial indicators for companies selected for investment and thus takes into account the possible changes and jumps occur in each economy of any country in particular, periods of economic crisis being interested in measuring the indicators of historical formulas.

تقدير دالة الانتاج لبعض الصناعات التحويلية : دراسة تطبيقية == Estimating The Production Function For Some Manufacturing Industries (Application Study)

Author name: براء خليل ابراهيم
Supervisor name: احلام احمد جمعة
Specific topic: Applied Statistics
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد الصناعات التحويلية من الفروع الاساسية للقطاع الصناعي وهي احدى الانشطة الانتاجية التي ترتكز عليها الدول وتشغل موقعا مركزيا في اقتصاديات المجتمعات من حيث مساهمتها في دفع التنمية الاقتصادية, ومن المعروف ان زيادة الانتاج في اي منشاة صناعية يعتمد على مست | Transform manufacturing is one of the principle branches of the industrial sector which is one of the productive activities that countries emphasize and occupies a central position in the economies of the communities in terms of their contribution to economic development. It is well known that to increase production of any industrial facility depends on the level of productivity for each element of the production line. The goal of this research is; to find an estimate of the production function coefficients (Cobb - Douglas) for some manufacturing model, in a small industrial facilities in addition to the estimate of Multiple Linear Regression model to demonstrate the contribution of the factors of production to the number of employees and the value of input parameters (Independent Variables) on the value of production (Dependent Variables) by using the data that have been obtained from the annual reports issued by the Industrial Statistics Directorate of the Central Statistical Organization, for the period of (1990 - 2014) and thus address the research in theoretical side to a function (Cobb - Douglas) and their characteristics to the Multiple Linear Regression model. The results has shown that all the regression models were all true and statistically significant and satisfy the assumptions of the basic normals of the least squares. On the other hand the model for manufacturing of leather products suffered from the problem of Autocorrelation has been addressed, as (Cobb - Douglas) function estimates showed that industries with intensive use of labor as a reflection to a flexible working capital compared with the flexibility and facilities characterized by increasing returns to scale and characterized as labor intensive.

تطوير كفاءة الاداء المؤسسي للشركة العامة لخدمات الشبكة الدولية للمعلومات/ سيناريوهات مقترحة == Development of Organizational Performance Efficiency For SCIS : Suggestion Scenarios

Author name: بان محمدعلي محمود
Supervisor name: كامل كاظم بشير الكناني
Specific topic: Strategic Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف البحث الى تطوير كفاءة الاداء المؤسسي للشركة العامة لخدمات الشبكة الدولية للمعلومات، احدى الشركات التابعة لوزارة الاتصالات من خلال استخدام تقنية التخطيط بالسيناريو من خلال استشراف مستقبل هذه الشركة - التي تعد عينة البحث - وبما ينسجم مع بيئتها الخارجية | The research aims to development of the efficiency institutional performance of one of the Ministry of Communications companies, the State Company for Internet Services, through the use of planning by scenario for the purpose of exploring the future of this company, which is the research sample, and in line with the external environment and the research community of private companies and the public concerned with providing telecommunications services and information technology in Iraq, We have adopted in the formulation of scenarios on the descriptive way, we generate three scenarios that represent a scenario of optimism, and the scenario that demonstrates the possibility of continuation of the current situation with a bit of improvement, and the scenario of the worst case, This is done after initializing scenarios through environmental analysis and knowing the effecting powers and the uncertainty.The research gets results, and one of them is the need for institutions and companies to be flexible enough to adapt to changes in the work environment in Iraq for the citizen on the one hand, and the continuity of those institutions on the other hand in a way suit the current situation.

تحليل ازمة التخطيط في العراق في ظل التحول نحو اقتصاد السوق للمدة (2003 - 2013)م == Analysis of The Planning Crisis In Iraq Within The Transformation Toward Market Economy For The Period (2003 - 2013)

Author name: بان خليل ابراهيم الموسوي
Supervisor name: يحيى غني جاسم النجار
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يقدم هذا البحث عددا من التحليلات والشواهد النظرية والدلائل العلمية التي توضح مدى تاثير التغيرات والتحولات الاقتصادية العالمية على الاقتصاد العراقي الذي شهد التوجه نحوها منذ عام 2003م بعــــــد عقــــود من سيــــطرة الاقتصاد الموجه، مستعرضا ابرز مظاهر ال | This research presents many of theoretical analyzes and attestations, and scientific evidences showing the impact of global changes and economic transformations on the Iraqi economy, which is witnessing orientation towards it since 2003 after decades of domination - oriented economy, presenting the most prominent manifestations of economic transformation towards market economy (the advanced capitalist) of programs and policies strategy brought by global organizations of capitalism, which affected the planning trends and economic development objectives. We have been discussing many of the core issues such as advanced capitalism, market economy, liberalization and integration, privatization and direct foreign investment. In the midst of Iraq's transition towards market economy and to try to apply the trends mentioned above, the Iraqi economy bumped into crisis of tends applications. So it has become the achievement of development objectives necessarily requires a certain policies and procedures, which in turn requires the employment of means to achieve them within range of a specific time and through a scientific approach in the implementation of optimization in allocation of available resources, and this is what can not be automatically achieved. In other words, it is impossible to rely on the market mechanism in optimizing the best use of national resources, it has proven experiences of advanced capitalism itself that the market economy is unable to achieve the optimal allocation of resources without government intervention by means of formats and procedures include long - term economic plans. From this perspective highlights the role of meaningful economic planning as a scientific method is capable of running the economic development process safely, and that serve their goals in society as a whole service, along with the market economy form that makes their relationship become complementary, more precisely, to achieve coexistence between the private and public sector, with a greater role for the public sector. And within the activities of the public sector across the way planning levels is (preparation, implementation and follow - up implementation) many of the problems and obstacles that are crises appear, may be incurred and clarified a way that allows educate track and treatment to upgrade the Iraqi economy. Iraq remains important, like other developing countries is the (search for an economic system that takes advantages of the stylistic planning and the market mechanism, and excludes the negative impacts in line with global economic changes).

تاثير راس المال الاجتماعي في دعم العمل المنظمي لتحقيق الميزة التنافسية : دراسة ميدانية في الشركة العامة للصناعات الكهربائية == The Effect of Social Capital On Supporting Organizational Work To Achieve Competitive Advantage

Author name: بان احمد عارف الخطاوي
Supervisor name: سعد علي حمود عباس العنزي
Specific topic: Business Administration
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اهتمت هذه الدراسة بايجاد تاثير راس المال الاجتماعي عبر مكوناته (الزمالة، الثقة، التعاون، راس المال الفكري) في دعم العمل المنظمي عبر مكوناته (الالتزام التنظيمي، التطبيع الاجتماعي التنظيمي، الابداع الاجتماعي التنظيمي) لتحقيق الميزة التنافسية.تتلخص مشكلة ال | his study concerns with finding the effect of social capital including (Associability, trust, cooperation, and intellectual capital) on supporting organizational work that includes organizational commitment, socialization and social innovation. The essential problem of this study can be summarized that we lack an applied Iraqi or Arabian study concerns with the relationship of social capital with the supporting of organizational work to achieve competitive advantages. So, we attempt in this study to answer on such questions : what do we mean with social capital, its importance and components?. How is social capital built and invested?. , And what is the nature of social capital in the Iraqi organization that selected for the sample of our research. In order to handle the research problem and to achieve its aim, we suggested three main hypotheses, and of each one, some sub hypotheses are subdivided. The first one states “social capital has no effect on supporting organizational work”. Wherease the second one states “the supported organizational work has no effect on competitive advantage of organization”, and the third hypotheses states “there is no statistical relation of physical meaning between social capital and competitive advantage”.The three zero hypotheses are rejected, and other alternative hypotheses are accepted and tested with a number of statistical methods. Questionnaire is used to gather the data and information from study sample of (240) individuals, the workers in state establishment for electric industries.The study depended on ready measures for measuring the whole variables, and the all is tested according to validity and confirmation testing.This research come out with many conclusions, of which, the social capital with its four dimensions (Intellectual capital, trust, Associability and cooperation) led to the best division to knowledge ascribed to high levels of trust and proactive networks and to common objectives and frameworks in the company upon our research. In addition to that the lower turnover rates showed decreasing variability & training costs, the use of human resources, and the decisions characterized with stailty because they stem of common understanding in hand and development of social capital in other hand.The researcher recommends the following : the benefit of intelligent workers who are known of their accuracy in work, by distinguishing them and making them on the top of groups that make social capital. Those will give their ideas that present social and intellectual innovation to improve competitive advantage.

تحليل العوامل المحددة لسياسة الاقتراض العام : مصر حالة دراسية == The Analysis of Limited Factors For Policy of Public Credit , Egypt As Study Case

Author name: باسم محمد تركي العواد
Supervisor name: يسرى مهدي حسن السامرائي
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The public credits are considered to be one of the most important source of the public - Revenues. In addition, they are considered to be modern tools for making and financing the public service which are brought into surface with the presence of the modern public financial concepts. moreover , they are distributing the financial - Burden among different section of the society. The public - credits ,also, affect the process of distributing the national income since they are recognized to be prominent tools for relating the fiscal - policy with monetary policy.The matter of increasing the public - credits economically , socially and politically is widely justified because of the government interfering in the economic and social fields.This interference leads also, to the increasing of the public payment which are used to save the other public revenues like taxes. This process of financing leads consequently to a deficit in the blanc of payments for a lot of countries that follow such policy. Addihoually, those countries make use of these credits to save the deficits. Therefore , these credits become like an active means to save the revenues which cannot be achieved by the taxes. Besides, the public credits are considered and recognized to be one of the most important means of the fiscal and economic policy to achieve the national intentions This study describes the problem of the public credits by tackling the main elements that affect this kind of policy.Besides, the study makes some application to the public credits policy in Egypt. The changes in Egyptian economics have been determined when the affective elem ents of the internal and external crediting policy are dealt with especially after the application of the reformation policy after 1990. The study is divided into three main chapters. The first are deals with the concept of the public credits.This chapter is divided into two sections.The first one tackles the development of this concept from the traditional thought till the modern one.While, the second section deals with the technical way of systemizing the public credits in the form of conditions and issues.The second chapter analyzes the economic and social elements which determine the main policy of crediting.This chapter is also divided into two sections.The first one deals with the economic elements whiles the second one tackles the political and social elements that determine and form the policy of crediting. The third chapter is dedicated to deal with the elements of crediting in Egypt. It is divided into three sections. The first one deals with the affective elements of the amount of the internal and external public crediting.The second section is dedicated to highlight the economic elements that form the policy of the public crediting in Egypt. The third section tackles the political and social elements that form the public crediting policy.Finally , the last chapter sums up the finding that the study come with

التحليل البيزي لنماذج الانحدار الخاصة بالبيانات المزدوجة (panel data) == Bayesian Analysis For Regression Panel Data Models

Author name: باسم شليبه مسلم عباس القيسي
Supervisor name: اموري هادي كاظم الحسناوي
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تعد البيانات الاحصائية ضرورية عند دراسة اغلب ظواهر المجتمع ومنها الظواهر الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والنفسية الخ كون تحليل تللك البيانات باستخدام الاساليب الاحصائية توفر للباحث او متخذ القرار حول الظاهرة المدروسة قاعدة من المعلومات الضرورية لتسهيل عملية اتخاذ | The statistic data is important to study most of phenomena as economical , social , psychological phenomena..etc. The analysis of this data via the statistical methods gives the researcher or the decision maker more information about the studied phenomenon to make the suitable decision. The data availability needs to limit a mathematic model which represents them by the researcher and to put in consideration the type of the available data. One of the these data is panel data which can be defined ( that they are repeated measurements to the studied phenomena for N from the cross section and for T from the time series ) which can be represented by one of the model ( fixed effect model or random effect model ).Most of the studies exposed estimation of the chosen model parameters by using the classical methods as GLS and FGLS methods , whereas this research touches on the Bayesian methods to estimate parameters , especial regressive model (panel data) ,depending on the priors distributions ( non informative prior dist. and conjunct prior dist. ) and to compare them with ML method to chose the best ones for estimation and choosing.After doing two practical applications in the research ,we obtained findings. ML method was the most significant for estimating the model parameters for the fixed effect model and pooling model. Bayes method which depends on non informative prior distribution , got the second grade.When using Bayes method depending on prior distribution used in the research to estimate the fixed model parameters when the cross sections number are little to get multivariate - t posterior distribution , and if it is used with random effect model we get multivariate normal after making asymptotic expansion with existing of a loss function of the weighed squired error.

فاعلية السياسة النقدية في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة من 1990 - 2005

Author name: باسم خميس عبيد الشمري
Supervisor name: فريد جواد كاظم الدليمي
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

اثر السياسة المالية في تحقيق الاستقرار والنمو في العراق للمدة 2010 - 1990

Author name: باسم خميس عبيد
Supervisor name: فريد جواد كاظم الدليمي
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان السياسة المالية في فترة الحصار الاقتصادي (1990 - 2003) تعرضت الى فقدان الايراد المالي ذو المصدر النفطي مما دفع الامر الى هيمنة السياسة المالية على السياسة النقدية واتباع سياسة النقد الرخيص (التمويل التضخمي) بهدف تمويل برامج التنمية الاقتصادية التي لم ت | That fiscal policy in the economic blockade (1990 - 2003) came to the loss of financial revenue source with oil, prompting it to the dominance of fiscal policy on monetary policy and pursue a policy of cheap cash inflationary financing to fund economic development programs that have not been fulfilled on the ground, but able to maintain an acceptable level of consumer spending (ration card) and the reason for this trend of economic cycles inflationary strike reflected a lack of economic stability and the occurrence of the so - called inflation stasis in terms of higher general level of prices and the low level of GDP as well as the spread of speculation and parallel markets that fueled waves inflationary to the release cash. As the vision and philosophy of the economic system in Iraq after 2003, which represents the second part of the study (2003 - 2010) were not clearly defined and remains true because of overlapping internal factors was the novelty of the political system and the lack of political decision - makers and economic to understanding and conviction full need shaping a new administration of the Iraqi economy is able to succeed economic development programs, and external factors was determinedly international organizations to implement reforms style shock and contrary to the social reality and the security which reflected negatively on the work and consistency Lisseeash financial balance between stability and growth and raise the level of consumer spending, which caused the entry of the Iraqi economy in courses inflationary sustainable fueled waves of economic instability and low levels of gross non - oil, also entered fiscal policy contradictions basic including reconciling role Stablilty and development on the one hand and the search for stabilizers dynamic wide spectrum of the public budget in the absence of the economic approach is clear and the independence of the monetary authority effecting which negatively impacted the financial and monetary stability, economic and economic development plans.

اعادة هندسة مسار العمليات وتاثير ابعادها في تعزيز الاداء المؤسسي : بحث في مكتب المفتش العام لوزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي == Re - Engineering of Process Path And The Effect of Its Dimensionsfor Enhancing of Institutional Performance : Research In The Public Inspector Office For Height Education Ministry And Scientific Research

Author name: باسم حاكم كاظم العابدي
Supervisor name: غسان قاسم داود سلمان اللامي
Specific topic: Performance Evaluation
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يهدف هذا البحث الى تشخيص واقع وامكانية تطبيق اعادة هندسة مسار ابعاد العمليات في مكتب المفتش العام لوزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي العراقية مع دراسة وتحليل امكانية توفير الارضية المناسبة لذلك , من خلال الاطلاع على الامكانيات المتوفرة لدى المكتب وخصوصا | This research aims to diagnose the reality and the possibility of the application of re - dimensions of operations in the Office of the Inspector General of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Iraq with the study and analysis of the possibility of providing a suitable ground for that course of Engineering, through access to the possibilities available to the office, especially human resource (personnals, skills, expertises) , which is the central element for the success of change. The research problem has been identified in the presence of routine and administrative episodes excess and found organizational structure that contains the administrative units can be combined or dispensed with the development of other units to actively contribute to enhancing the performance, and not to use the available resources optimally and this in turn generates bottlenecks and waste of time and that means wasting resources and random lag the performance of the business, as well as to answer a number of questions, the most important - is the availability of the dimensions of re - operations in the course of work of the Office of the Inspector General of the Ministry of Higher Education and scientific research environment Engineering? What is the reality of the corporate performance indicators Office of the Inspector General of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research? In order to achieve the desired goals of the research and answer the questions of the problem, as research aims to see the actual reality of the performance of the Office of the Inspector General of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and diagnose strengths and weaknesses and make proposals that would consolidate the strengths and address weaknesses in the path Business, diagnose reality and the dimensions of process re - engineering and the dimensions of institutional performance and its impact in the order of precedence of those dimensions in the office, applied research on a sample of (60) a member of the office staff out of (127) and functional level extends between managers and department heads and officials of the people and officials of the units and some of the staff, has used the questionnaire as a tool to collect data and information, the study reports the office has been relying on the analysis of data on the arithmetic mean of the results of the standard deviation and the relative importance and tight to answer and the coefficient of variation and t - test, F sig as appropriate statistical methods to analyze the data, and achieved a set of results, highlighted by the presence of correlation significant morale among the dimensions of Business process Reengineering and the dimensions of institutional performance appeared that there was a significant effect between Business process Reengineering and the dimensions of institutional performance, as this effect level uneven between dimensions, while at the level of exploratory analysis of the data shows a routine and workshops administrative redundant to be canceled or processed through simplification of procedures and attention to reconsider the restructuring and the abolition of administrative loops is important and which can be dispensed with, and that the office need to pay attention to simplify procedures and a review of the current structure. a and the abolition of routine existing and adoption analysis for operations and research found a new administrative structure is consistent with the principle of re - engineering institutions

تحليل العلاقة بين البيئة والتنمية المستدامة مع اشارة خاصة لحالة محافظة اربيل == Analysis of Relationship Between The Environment And Sustainable Development With Spiced Case Study In Erbil Governorate

Author name: ايوب انور حمد سماقةيى
Supervisor name: يحيى غني جاسم النجار
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The relationship between the environment and sustainable development is one of the significant contemporary economic subjects.This thesis aims at showing the relationship between the environment and sustainable development and analyzing it. This thesis points out that relationship between them is very strong and mutual, because the target of the development of the sustainable economy is sustaining the total capital, which includes (human capital, natural capital, social capital and man - mode capital). At the same time, the target of the sustainable environmental development is how to sustain the total capital. Thus, when the economical and environmental policies are more cooperating and united this leads to the real sustainable economy and it has its positive advantages on the environment and economy.Applying the sustainability in Erbil governorate was obstacle with political, ethical, and technology considerations that may be difficult to control, and overcome, which in turn makes it not achievable in a short future term.

الخصخصة بين النظرية والتطبيق في دول مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Privatization Between Theor And Practice In Some of Chosen Countries With Reverence To Iraq

Author name: ايناس محمد رشيد المشهداني
Supervisor name: حسن نوري الياسري
Specific topic: Economy
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:

تاثير مهارات المدراء في اداء ادوارهم المعلوماتية : بحث ميداني في مكاتب المفتشين العامين == The Impact of The Managers Skills In The Performance of Their Informatics Roles A Field Research In Iraqi General Director Inspectors

Author name: ايناس محمد احمد البرغوث
Supervisor name: صلاح الدين عواد كريم الكبيسي
Specific topic: Control and Inspection
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: انطلاقا من اهمية امتلاك المدراء لمجموعة متنوعة من المهارات تمكنهم من العمل والاشراف على الاخرين من خلال التاثير على سلوكهم من اجل حثهم على بذل الجهد واستمالتهم للتعاون بقصد تحقيق الاهداف الموضوعة وتاثير ذلك في الاداء الفاعل لادوار المدراء المعلوماتية، سي | Given the importance of having managers for a variety of skills to enable them to work and supervision of others through influence on their behavior in order to encourage them to exert the effort and induce them to cooperate in order to achieve the objectives set and the impact on the efficient performance of the managers Informatics roles, will this research focused on the statement of the ability of managers to self - diagnosis skills Individualistic, Technical, Managerial, Human and Conceptual and extent enable them and method employed in the performance of their Informatics roles at the offices of Inspectors general for best way, The research was based on two assumptions fundamental, The first is based on a significant correlation between the skills of managers and Informatics roles, while the second hypothesis, it presupposes the existence of a significant effect relationship between skills and roles of Informatics roles managers, the researcher touch need urgent for these offices generally and managers especially to recognize that the relationship and influence between skills and Informatics Roles, The offices of the Iraqi Inspector General need today and in the future in the midst of the time of the storm shifts and changes to administrative leaders able to adapt to change or repel storms negative effects, We need to such administrations, which also will be able to mobilize human and material resources, optimize or preserved, The research aims to measure the level and nature of the relationship and influence between the skills of managers and their Informatics Roles from the viewpoint of the research sample (63) people from the Department managers in the office and some Division official working in five offices of the Inspectors general in Iraq of the ministries of (Industry and Minerals for the economic sector, Municipalities and Public Works for the public service sector, Education for the education sector, Environment for the health sector, Electricity for the energy sector), And the researcher adopted descriptive analytical method to describe the research community and test hypotheses and used a number of statistical methods Such as the arithmetic mean of measuring the level of the variables of the research and its dimensions, and the standard deviation to measure the dispersion of absolute and coefficient of variation for measuring dispersion relative, the simple correlation coefficient of Spearman for measuring the level of the relationship between the explanatory variable and variable effector and the simple

صياغة اليات علاقات التنسيق الفاعلة للمتابعة الاستراتيجية بين الامانة العامة لمجلس الوزراء والوزارات العراقية : دراسة حالة == Formulating Mechanisms of Effective Coordination Relations For Strategic Controlling Among The General Secretariat of The Council of Ministers And The Iraqi Ministries

Author name: ايناس مالك هادي الجيزاني
Supervisor name: سعد علي حمود عباس العنزي
Specific topic: Strategic Planning
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اعتمد البحث على متغيرين رئيسين، وهما التنسيق الفعال وبوصفه متغيرا مؤثرا، والمتابعة الاستراتيجية كمتغير متاثر، وتم اختيار دائرة المتابعة والتنسيق الحكومي ومنسقي الوزارات باعتبارهم النواة لبناء علاقات التنسيق الفعال لتحقيق المتابعة الاستراتيجية بين الام | Search adopted tow main variable , these are the active coordination as an influential variable and the strategically follow up as an influenced variable ; it has been choose the follow up department government coordination and coordination ministries as they consider the nucleus to build active coordination relation to achieve the strategically follow up between the general secretariat of the council of ministers and the Iraqi ministries , by field homeliness that done by the researcher the problem of the search have been diagnosed that present in weakness of the development of the active coordination and strategically follow up between the general secretariat of the council of ministers and the Iraqi ministries in their implementation to the government program to the required level , it has been suggest a form to build coordination relation mechanisms for the purpose of follow up strategies , because the presence of barrier that limit the building of active coordination relation to achieve the stratigical follow up that participate in the achievement of the goals that government aim to in their program to reach the required level.So that the search aimed to achieve number of goals like : - studying and analyzing the active coordination relation building mechanisms ; to achieve stratigical follow up between secretariat of the council of ministers and the Iraqi ministries ; working on the development of a form to achieve the stratigical follow up between ministries and minister , to achieve these goals from the practical side the search depend on case study method for the collection of the information and studying an descriptive study , it has been use personal interview questionnaire to study the case as well as the researches and studies that deal with coordination variable and follow up in the theoretical side ,therefore the search has been reach to multiple conclusions such as that the level of coordination between the general secretariat of the council of ministers and the Iraqi ministries range between the acceptable and good ; that leave its effect on the follow up level also ; administration by priorities that transpose the special government program priorities to a certain product consider one of the main methods that help in the active achievement of goals ; upon it has been put a recommendation that could participate in case of their achievement in the improvement of building the active coordination relation to carry out the follow up strategies between the general secretariat of the council of ministers and the Iraqi ministries and working on the development of the active coordination mechanisms between the general secretariat of the council of ministers and all the sites that follow it according to the most modern technique that used worldwide and make it suitable with our institution to investigate the follow up strategies and application of search form on the practical case since there is intimate relationship that link between the active coordination and the follow up strategies that lead to an increase in the performance efficiency reaching the achievement of goals effectively , at the end a proposed drawing model have been introduce to develop the relation between tow variable ( follow up strategies and the active coordination )

تقدير نماذج مختلطة للبيانات المصنفة مع التطبيق العملي == Estimation Mixed Models Using Catacorical Data With Application

Author name: ايناس عبد الحافظ محمد
Supervisor name: خالد ضاري عباس الطائي
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعتمد مفهوم التوزيعات المختلطة ( المركبة) في تطوير نماذج مناسبة للبيانات المصنفة , وقد تم في هذا البحث ايجاد بعض الانماذج الاحتمالية الملائمة لهذه البيانات ومن ثم العمل على تقدير معلمات هذه الانماذج.وبعد تشخيص اوتحديد نوعي التوزيعات وهما (التوزيع المركب | The concept of mixed distributions depends (composite) in the development of appropriate data seed models, has been in this research finding some models appropriate probability of this data and then work to estimate the parameters of this models. After diagnosis Aothdid two types of distributions, namely (compound beta - Bainomal (Beta - distribution Binomial) and the distribution of Ganerlized logarithmic Series distribution (GLSD)) has been working to estimate the parameters of these distributions methods usual such as way as possible (MLE) and the method of moments (Moment) and the method of Chi - square (Chi - squar) and methods of unconventional such as search cuckoo algorithm Hawwarzmih simulated annealing. The theoretical side included the concept of vehicle models and how to configure form by probabilistic normal function and methods different appreciation such as method Maximum Likelihood Function (MLE) and the method of moments (Mom) and a method to minimize Chi - square (Minimum) and methods of artificial intelligence techniques such as search cuckoo algorithm (Cock Search) algorithm simulated annealing (Simuannling) has been presented simulation has been adopted in the comparison between the estimation methods and we had simulated experiments at different volumes of samples( n= 20, 50, 100,250). And repeat each experiment R = 1000 to achieve the goal and were compared using statistical measurements (MSE, AMPE) found that the best method (cuck) which is proposed by the researcher. The researcher numbers Bernamjeh (Matlab, R2005 B) and put all the results in the tables either the practical side and having briefed researcher at data rates of disability and for the period of (2007 - 2010) obtained through the health center for the disabled has been the comparison between Models through criterion (AIC) the standard bayes Information (BIC) and the standard G2) the researcher found that the capabilities of the search cuckoo algorithm is better than during the experimental side, therefore this algorithm applied to real data to complement the tests of good matching, which enabled Khalalhl the researcher presented the practical application of the private tables results. It was found through statistical analysis that in the year (2011) has a lower standard Akaki for the distribution of the compound compared with the distribution chain logarithmic year, which indicates that it has the best modelFrom the conclusions that have been reached by using way (GIBS) in the simulation of mixed distribution and the method of rejection and acceptance (Reject, Accept) for distribution Genaralized logarithim Series is that the capabilities of the specimen landmarks using the best in terms possess the lowest average error boxes in sizes small samples search cuckoo algorithm is medium and large The rest of the roads were estimates varying values. It has been presented the recommendations that emerged from the thesis as well as future research

استخدام التحليل البيزي لنموذج انحدار خطي بسيط باستخدام اسلوب المحاكاة == The Bayes Analysis In The Model Simple Linear Regression Using Simulation

Author name: ايناس عبد الحافظ محمد
Supervisor name: محمد صادق عبد الرزاق الدوري
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تبقى عملية التقدير لمعلمات انموذج الانحدار من الموضوعات المهمة على الرغم من كثرة ما كتب عنها من خلال البحوث والدراسات التي تختلف باختلاف الاساليب المتبعة في عملية التقدير سواء كان هذا الاسلوب تقليديا او بيزيا.الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو توظيف معلومات مسبقة | The process of estimating the parameters of regression, is still one of importent Subject despite of large number of papers and studies written in this subject, these studies are differ in techniques followed in the process of estimation if this techniques classic or Bayesian. The purpose of this study to prior information about the parameters was applied which estimated according to Bayesian theory which represented by Gamma distribution with one parameter in the estimating process and for varies simple sizes then making a comparison between estimation techniques represented by (OLS) method and Bayesian techniques by providing the distribution and all techniques which deals with derivatives process to obtain the Bayesian estimation. By using the simulation technique, results has been obtained to provide the researcher the image to clarify the best method in estimation technique

اعادة هندسة عمليات الاعمال : دراسة حالة في مستشفى تعليمي == Reengineering Business Process A Case Study In Teaching Hospital

Author name: ايناس جواد حسين العكايشي
Supervisor name: غانم رزوقي انيس العزاوي
Specific topic: Hospital Management
Degree: Higher Diploma
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: ان تسارع التغييرات في بيئات الاعمال وحدة درجة المنافسة اوجبت على المنظمات وحفاظا على وجودها اتباع استراتيجيات حديثة, واحدى اهمها هو مبدا اعادة هندسة عمليات الاعمال (BPR) التي تستهدف اعادة تصميم عمليات اعمال المنظمات وكان المجال الصحي من اهمها, حيث انها بح | Because of the highly speed of changes in work’s environments and the strong ness of competitions, obligate organizations to follow new Strategies. One of the most important of them 1s the Business processes reengineering which leads to redesign the processes. Because of the highly importance of the health field which need’s a radical revolution in all it’s aspects. That’s mean complete obliteration, doesn’t automate. This research aims to determine the relation between shape and effect of application of (BPR) program and the most important criteria’s of performance which are (coast, quality, speed, flexibility) in organizations and exactly in hospitals, which are responsible to fulfill customers desires and needs. To reach study objectives a simulate diagram had built to determine the nature of this relationship. In general view this study consist of two aspects : First of them is the theoretical part explain the (definitions, concepts principles, steps, criteria’s, importance, advantages, disadvantages difficulties) of (BPR) and it’s relation with other administrative approaches like total quality management (TQM). While the second part covers the practical aspect of the study. A questionnaire used as a method to collect data, and interviews, moreover field living with The sample consist of 72 one. Differs between them in age, sex, employing years and scientific degrees. Hypothesis were examined through group of statistical method, the result were used by application of prepared program (SPSS 13). Which proofed (the existing relation between BPR application and the criteria’s of performance, which are (coast, quality, speed, and flexibility). Eventually : the study recommended several points. The most important one was adopting (BPR) programs in all health organizations. Also proposed several points suggesting that if will be implicated it would elevate the level of this health organization

استخدام نظرية الرابطة لتحليل دالة البقاء ذات المتغيرين == Using The Copula Theory For Analyzing The Bivariate Survival Function

Author name: ايمان عبد علي داود
Supervisor name: ضوية سلمان حسن الجنابي
Specific topic: Statistics
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تم في هذا البحث استعمال نظرية الرابطة (Copula Theory) في نمذجة دالة البقاء ذات المتغيرين اذ تم استعمال انموذجين يخضعان لتوزيع ويبل ذي المتغيرين وانموذج اخر يخضع للتوزيع الطبيعي ذي المتغيرين القياسي المبتور عند الصفر وبنسبة خلط واعتمادية واحجام عينات مخ | It has been concluded in this research to use the copula theory in modeling the survival function of the bivariate as two models yielding to the bivariate weibull distribution has been used and another model that submit to the bivariate standard normal cut off at zero point and mixing percentage, reliance and sizes of different specimens and a simulation experiment has been carried out for the purpose of making experimental comparison between the evaluations of the survival function mentioned above by using six different copulas in addition to two common models, the first by using the function when assuming independence and the second by using the survival function definition of the bivariate as the use of copulas has been reached which led to acquire an evaluated survival function of the bivariate with properties of more fineness than the two evaluated survival functions of the bivariate which had been acquired by using the two common models referred to above.

انعكاس الذكاءين الروحي والشعوري في القيادة التحويلية لتحسين الاداء المالي : دراسة تحليلية في عدد من المصارف العراقية الاهلية == The Reflection of Spiritual And Emotional Intelligences In Transformational Leadership To Improve Financial Performance Analytical Study In A Number of Iraqi Private Banks

Author name: ايمان عامر حميد الدهان
Supervisor name: انتصار عباس حمادي الدليمي
Specific topic: Business Administration
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
Key words:
  • الذكاء الروحي
  • الذكاء الشعوري
  • نمط القيادة التحويلية
  • الاداء المالي Spiritual Intelligence
  • Emotional Intelligence
  • Transformational Leadership
  • Financial Performance
First pages:
Abstract: This study Explored two types of intelligence fond by Howard Gardner in his multiple intelligences theory (1985), The Spiritual Intelligence and the Emotional intelligence with their dimensions As the explanation variables in addition to the Transformational Leadership Style and its four dimensions as the mediator and their effects on the financial performance of the sample banks.The Philosophical and the theoretical framework for this research was based on the core of the interaction relationships between the variables. The research emerged from an intellectual dilemma with two dimensions, the theoretical dimension represented by the rarity of research on spiritual intelligence with emotional intelligence in the Arabic environment and especially the Iraqi environment. In addition to the rarity in research on the relationship between the spiritual and emotional intelligences on transformational leadership and its effect on financial performance of the sample banks, and the need for organizations to enrich their philosophical knowledge and understanding about these concepts and its importance in the practical or empirical life to be an important tools in facing the ever changing environmental challenges.The empirical dimension went to examine the relationship between transformational leadership and the level of financial performance in the sample banks and the relationship between the explanatory variables spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence in improving the financial performance.The aim of the study is tracking what spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence can add to the financial performance Through what the transformational leadership dimensions deliver as a mediator. The study used a descriptive analytical deductive method. The study defined a set of Assumptions as answers for the study s' problem tested by non - parametric statistical tools as : SPSS, Mediator, Scope, False limit factor ,correlation and Multiple Regression. An intentional sample of (116) individuals had been chosen from the managerial leaders in12 private banks in Iraq and The research found a number of important conclusions the most important one was the absence of spiritual and emotional intelligences effects on financial performance at the empirical level of the research , inaddition to the orientation of the banks to the social aspects more than the individual aspects..based on these results a number of recommendations were set ,and the research recommended that the concept of spiritual and emotional intelligence should be enhanced and be given more attention through workshops and conferences in addition to a training program for spreading these concepts and their importance in the success of the individual and organizations

دور وظيفة تخطيط الموارد البشرية في تفعيل بيئة عمل المشجعة على الابداع : بحث ميداني في مركز وزارة التخطيط == The Role of Human Resource Planning Function In Activating The Work Environment Encouraging Innovation A Fild Research At The Center of The Ministry of Planning

Author name: ايمان حسين فضلي
Supervisor name: اسماء طه نوري الشكرجي
Specific topic: General Administration
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تضمن البحث الحالي دور وظيفة تخطيط الموارد البشرية في تفعيل بيئة عمل المشجعة على الابداع, لذا فهو يركز على متغيرين، يتمثل المتغير الرئيسي الاول في وظيفة تخطيط الموارد البشرية وابعاده الستة (النظر في السياق الاوسع، وتحديد اتجاهات العمل المستقبلية، والتعرف ع | The current research addressed the role of the human resources (HR) planning in activating an encouraging work environment of creativity; thus it focused on two variables, the first main variable was represented in HR planning and its six steps (insight in the greater context, defining future work attitudes, identifying the present HR, filling the gap, providing a sound base for effective execution, control and assessment), as to the second dependent variable, it was the work environment encouraging the creativity including five dimensions (encouraging the organizational creativity, supporting work groups, sufficient resources, pressures of work load and organizational obstacles). The research stemmed from two intellectual bases, the first one was represented by the theoretical base including the scarcity of writings addressing the steps and dimensions of these two main important variables for the organization and its future strategic attitudes, The second base was applied represented by the non - application of such research in Iraqi organizations or the researched ministry before. Due to the importance of HR which is regarded as one of the basic resources owned by the organization today in building its sustainable service advantage, it was a duty to be interested in them and prepare all necessary means at work environment so as to sustain, develop and invest them in the best way in order to achieve the higher results expected at work. For the role played by HR planning in activating the work environment that encouraged creativity which is considered as one of the developed styles in administration science on which modern researches depend to increase the employees' performance and improve the service in organizations, the selection of Iraqi work environment came to embrace such modern thoughts as an advanced step towards taking the responsibility towards the work, the decisions made for development and the organizational success in the country all the same. The followed research method was a descriptive analytical method applied to a sample of general managers, their assistants, heads of departments and the in charge persons of research - related sections at the offices of Ministry of Planning center (Minister's office, the administrative and financial office, the legal office, office of planning sectors, office of economic policies, office of human development, office of government investment programs, office of regional development, office of international cooperation and office of governmental contracts), while the number of sample individuals was (101). The questionnaire was the fundamental instrument to collect the data as well as the field visits, personal interviews and some official documents to complete the research requirements. Some statistic means to treat the data including (the mean, percentage and standard deviation) to describe the sample and (the simple linear correlation coefficient - Spearman) to verify the correlation and effect hypotheses. The research arrived at a group of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which were : the statistic results recorded that all correlations for HR planning and work environment that encouraged creativity were strong and significant. As to effect relations, they were all significant except the insight step in the greater context, which the conclusions proved they were insignificant and had no effect on activating the work environment encouraging creativity, referring that all steps of HR planning influenced the activation of work environment encouraging creativity except this step. The research ended with a group of recommendations, the most prominent of which were : the increase and expansion of interest in applying the methodological steps for HR planning, ascertaining the necessity of being interested in studying and assessing the external environment to stand at change attitudes, what were the factors which will affect the process HR planning, seeking to remove and lessen the organizational obstacles in the way of any attempt to present creative thoughts, and providing the necessary facilities to reach the required resources for achieving the work. Also, the research recommended making sure of the continuity of promoting the ministry the dimensions of work environment encouraging creativity in it.
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