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تقيين القابلية التحولية للمفترس اسد المن Chrysoperla carnea Stephens لبعض المبيدات الحشرية وقابلية هذه المبيدات في مكافحة دودة جوز القطن الشوكية Earias insulana Boisd == Evaluation the tolerance of Chysoperla ssp ageinst some insecticides used for controlling of Earias insulana (Boisd)

اسم المؤلف: صابرين احمد محمد ال غريب
اسم المشرف: نهاد كاظم خلف التميمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was conducted to evaluate five insecticides (Neemix 4.5 EC , Cypermethrin 10% , Abamectin 1.8 EC , Quality %5 EC , control 500 EC) at laboratory conditions (1±28 cº and humidity % 65±5) on the third larval stage for the Earias insulana (Boisd ) and effect of these insecticides on Chrysoperla carnea (egg , larval , pupa and adult ) by using three concentrations : 0.25 , 0.5 and 1 (ml˖L - ¹) . Results indicuted all examined insecticides showed good activity against the larva of the E. insulana , mortality was 80.00 , 90.00 % for the larval in concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹) while reach 83.33 - 100.00 % in concentrated 0.5 (ml˖L - ¹ ( while concentration 1( ml˖L - ¹) it achieved mortality %100 for all used insecticides after 72 hours from treatment .Also the recently study showed that insecticide effected on the eggs of C.carnea when insecticide used at 0.25(ml˖L - ¹) achieved mortality 22.67, 40.67% while at concentration 0.5 (ml˖L - ¹) the mortality of insecticide between 42.67 - 56.67% while in concentration 1 (ml˖L - ¹) reached 50.00 ,61.33 % . Results of the study showed that Quality insecticide was tow effect on the eggs of C .carnea at 0.25( ml˖L - ¹) , mortality reached 22,67 % while the other insecticide showed ligh effect at the same concentration . However at 0.5(ml˖L - ¹) insecticide the effect of the two insecticide (Quality and Control ) on the eggs was two harm which achieved mortality less than 50 % while the effect of other insecticide at same concentration showed the midl harm effect and mortality 53.33, 56.67 and 51.33 for the Neemix , cypermethrin 10% and Abamectin respectively . finally in 1 (ml˖L - ¹) the effect of Quality two effect but the other insecticide is middle harm.As the study result has confirmed the difference the effect of the examined insecticide on the C. camea larval within each Neemix and cypermethrin have showed the light harm effect to on first stage of larva C. camea and mortality reach 40.00% in the concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹) but the other insecticide has showed the middle harm effects for the larval first stage and achieved mortality 56.67 - 66.67% in the concentration 0.25(ml˖L - ¹). .Results showed that the concentration 0.5 (ml˖L - ¹) for Neemix , CyPermethrin %10 and Quality achieved moderate effect on first stage of larva that caused mortality 53.33 - 70.00 % , However the effect of insecticide Control and Abamectin were high harm and achieved mortality more than 76% in concentration 0.5(ml˖L - ¹).Neemix , cypermethrin 10% have achieved modrate effect to the first stage of larva for the C. camea in 1 (ml˖L - ¹) concentration mortality 73.33% and 70.00% frequently but the other insecticides effected in highly effected in concentration 1 (ml˖L - ¹) and achieved mortality between 83.33 - 90.00% . The effect of insecticides on the second stage larva showed the result the Cypermethrin 10% was harmless for the second stage larva and achieved mortality reached 23.33% in concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹)as compared with the other insecticides that were light harm for the second stage and achieved mortality between 26.67 - 33.33 % in the same concentration. While in the two concentrations 0.5 and 1 (ml˖L - ¹) the used insecticides were light harm on the second stage larva within achieved mortality between 30.00 - 50.00%. In the same time the third stage larva for the C.camea recognized by a big tolerance for the used insecticides which they were harmless and record mortality less 25% in the two concentrations 0.25 and 0.5 (ml˖L - ¹) while in concentration 1 (ml˖L - ¹) the effect of Control and Abamectin insecticides were light harm that record mortality reached 26%, in the other side the effect of the other insecticides were harmless in this concentration. The effect the insecticides on the C.camea pupas, the results showed mortality in concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹) between 0.00 - 26.66% during the treatment by the insecticides but mortality reached 3.33 - 43.33% in concentration 0.5(ml˖L - ¹) while in 1(ml˖L - ¹) it was between 20.00 - 56.66% .The results revealed that the Control insecticide was more effective to the adults (males and females ) mortality between 83.33 - 100.00% for the concentration 0.25 - 1 (ml˖L - ¹) , the other insecticides have affected in difference on the adults , mortality with the treatment by the Quality and Abamectin reached 66.67% and 53.33% in concentration 0.25 (ml˖L - ¹) but mortality of the females 10.00% and 20.00% with treatment of Quality and Abamectin in the same concentration frequently , Each increase in the concentration lead to increasing in the mortality reached C100% for the Quality insecticide in concentration 1(ml˖L - ¹) .Results showed that Neemix and Cypermethin achieved the mortality for the male in concentration 0.25,0.5 and 1 (ml˖L - ¹) between 30.00 - 86.67 % and for the females 0.00 - 60.00% for the treatment of Neemix and reached 33.33 - 76.67 % for the treatment of Cypermethrin%10

تاثير توليفات مختلفة من السماد العضوي والحيوي والمعدني وتغطية التربـــة في نمو وحاصل صنفين مـــن البطاطا (Santa ، Draga) المزروعين في محافظة المثنى (Solanum tuberosum L.) == Effect of different combinations of organic, in organic and bio fertilizer and mulching on the growth and yield of Two cultivars (Santa and Draga) of potatoes in Al - muthanna province (Solanum tuberosum L.)

اسم المؤلف: امان حميد جابر الكعبي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت هذه التجربة في موقعي (النجمي وال بندر) في محافظة المثنى للموسم الخريفي 2013. وقد سجلت الدراسة مدى استجابة صنفي البطاطا Santa وDraga للرتبة (A) لتاثير كل من الغطاء البلاستيكي الاسود والاسمدة (بدون تسميد ، الرش بمعلق الخميرة 6 ، 10 غم .لتر - 1 ، سماد اغنام فقط ، سماد اغنام + 6غم.لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد اغنام + 10غم .لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد ابقار فقط ، سماد ابقار + 5غم .لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد ابقار + 10غم . لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد كيمياوي فقط ، سماد كيمياوي + 6غم . لتر - 1 خميرة ، سماد كيمياوي + 10غم .لتر - 1 خميرة ) ونفذت كتجربة عامليه وقف تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة D.B.C.R وبثلاثة مكررات تحتوي كل وحدة تجريبية على ست نباتات وقورنت المتوسطات حسب اختبار اقل فرق معنوي D.S.L عند مستوى(0.05( وكانت النتائج على النحو التالي .1 - تفوق الصنف Santaمعنويا على الصنف Draga ولكلا الموقعين في صفات نسبة البزوغ الحقلي ،عدد السيقان ،المساحة الورقية ،نسبة الكلوروفيل ، الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ،حاصل الكلي ، عدد الدرنات ، المادة الجافة للدرنات ، النشا ، الكثافة النوعية ، البروتين ، محتوى النتروجين ، والفسفور، والبوتاسيوم وبنسبة زيادة بلغت (1.49 ،8.67 ،7.1 ،6.01 ،2.71 ،3.45 ،12.6 ، 8.89 ،12.91 ،0.61 ، 5.95 ،5.77 ، 15.15 ، 10.32%) بالتتابع بينما انخفضت معنويا في صفة ارتفاع النبات ، نسبة المواد الصلبة الذائبة وبنسبة انخفاض بلغت (8.0 %، 26.6 % ) بالتتابع .2 - تفوقت معاملة التغطية للنباتات معنويا في صفات (ارتفاع النبات ، عدد السيقان الهوائية، مساحة الورقية ، نسبة الكلوروفيل ،الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، حاصل الكلي، عدد الدرنات ،النسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة في الدرنات ،النسبة المئوية للنشا ، الكثافة النوعية ، المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية ، البروتين ، محتوى الدرنات من النتروجين والفسفور والبوتاسيوم ) وبنسبة زيادة بلغت (5.16 ،20.99 ،6.16 ، 10.58 ،6.43 ، 22.73 ، 22.33 ،12.51 ، 4.52 ،6.27 ،0.29 ،12.37 ،7.22 ،7.19 ،21.12 ،12.39 %) بالتتابع .3 - تفوق معاملة التسميد العضوية بسماد الابقار معنويا في صفة نسبة البزوغ الحقلي فبلغت 92.05 % في منطقة النجمي ،82.54 % في محطة ال بندر .4 - اعطت معاملة التسميد (كيمياوي +معلق الخميرة) اعلى النتائج المعنوية في صفات النمو الخضري(ارتفاع النبات،عدد السيقان الهوائية،المساحة الورقية،الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري) وصفات الحاصل(حاصل النبات الواحد ،الحاصل الكلي،عدد الدرنات) والصفات النوعية للحاصل(نسبة الكلورفيل،النسبة المئوية للنتروجين، النسبة المئوية للفسفور، النسبة المئوية للبوتاسيوم، النسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة ، النسبة المئوية للنشا، النسبة المئوية للمواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية، النسبة المئوية للبروتين،الكثافة النوعية، النسبة المئوية النترات.5 - تفوقت معاملة التسميد العضوي (سماد ابقار+10 غم خميرة . لتر - 1 ) معنويا في صفات (ارتفاع النبات ، عدد السيقان الهوائية ، المساحة الورقية ، الكلورفيل ،الوزن الجاف للمجموع الخضري ، حاصل النبات الواحد ، النسبة المئوية للمادة الجافة للدرنات ، النشا ، الكثافة النوعية ، النتروجين ، الفسفور ، البوتاسيوم) مقارنة معاملة التسميد الكيمياوي فقط بينما لم تختلف عنها معنويا في صفات عدد الدرنات ومحتواها من المواد الصلبة الذائبة والبروتين.6 - اعطت نباتات معاملة التداخل الثلاثي للصنف Santa والمعاملة بتسميد (كيمياوي+10غم .لتر1 - )في منطقة النجمي اعلى معدل معنوي لصفات ارتفاع النبات ، عدد السيقان الهوائية ، المساحة الورقية ، نسبة الكلورفيل ،المادة الجافة للمجموع الخضري ، حاصل النبات ، عدد الدرنات ، نسبة المادة الجافة للدرنات ، نشا ، المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية ، البروتين ، محتوى الدرنات من N ، P ، K والتي بلغت ( 43.940 سم ، 3.10 فرع \نبات، 92.414 دسم2، 17.199 SPAD ، 44.55غم.نبات - 1 ،784.17 غم.نبات - 1، 6.746 درنة.نبات - 1، 15%، 9.935%، 6.083%، 7.4%، 1.18%، 0.315%، 2.093%) بالتتابع.7 - انخفاض نسبة النترات في درنات معاملات التسميد العضوي ولكلا الموقعين(سماد الابقار فقط او مع رش بالخميرة 6،10 غم.لتر - 1) في تحقيق اقل نسبة من النترات مقارنة مع باقي معاملات التسميد الاخرى بلغت(0.082 %،0.092 %،0.097 % )لمنطقة النجمي وبلغت(0.101 %، 0.111 %،0.121 %) لمحطة ال بندر.8 - اختلافات معنوية في جميع صفات االنمو الخضري والحاصل والصفات النوعية للصنفين وباختلاف المواقع مع تفوقها في منطقة النجمي. | This Study was conducted in AI - Najme and AI - Bemder field during the Autumn season, 2013 using Santa and Draga potato cultivar class (A) The aim of this study to investigate the effect of mulching with Black polyethylene sheets and different treatments of fertilizer (control ، 6g yeast .L - 1 ، 10g yeast.L - 1 ،Cow manure ، Cow manure + 6g yeast .L - 1، Cow manure+10g yeast .L - 1، sheep manure ،sheep manure + 6g yeast .L - 1 ، sheep manure + 10g yeast .L - 1 ، chemical fertilizer، chemical fertilizer +6g yeast .L - 1 ،And chemical fertilizer +10g yeast .L - 1)on growth and yield of potato. The experiment was set up using Randomized completely Block Design (R.C.B.D) with 3 replicates ،six tubers were planted in each replicate. The means was compared using L.S.D . at level of 0.05 probability.The experimental results can be summarized as follows : - 1 - The Santa variety was significantly superior as compare with Draga in the percentage of field emergency per ، number of stems ، leaf area ، the chlorophyll، dry weigh of vegetative growth ، Winning total ، number of tubers، ، dry weight of tuber ،starch ،specific density ، protein ، Nitrogen ، phosphor and potassium content with ratio of (1.49 ،8.67 ،7.1 ،6.01 ،2.71 ،3.45 ،12.6 ، 8.89 ،12.91 ،0.61 ، 5.95 ،5.77 10.32، ، % 15.15 )respectively. 2 - MuIching with black Polyethylene significantly increased the high of plant ، number of stems ، leaf area ، total chlorophyll، dry weigh of vegetative growth، Holds per plant، total yield، number of tubers، average weight of tuber ،dry weight of tuber ، percentage of starch،specific density، TSS، ،protein ، Nitrogen، phosphor and potassium percentage reached (5.16 ،20.99 ،6.16 ، 10.58 ،6.43 ، 22.73 ، 22.33 ،12.51 ،12.28 ، 4.52 ،6.27 ،0.29 ،12.37 ،7.22 ،7.19 ،21.12 ،12.39 % (respectively. 3 - Adding organic fertilizer (Cow manure) significantly increased on percentage of plant emergences reached 87.29% compared to the treatment comparison 75.25% percentage reached 15.59%. 4 - Treating potato plant with chemical fertilizer and 10g yeast .L - 1 significantly increased all vegetative characters yield number of tubers the content of Tss ،starch ، protein، Nitrogen، phosphor and potassium percentage. 5 - The treatment of organic fertilizer (Cow manure + spraying 10g yeast .L - 1) significantly increased the high of plant، number of stems، leaf area ، total chlorophyll The number of tubers ، tubers weight content of dry mater ، starch ، TSS ، protein، Nitrogen ،phosphor and potassium percentage compared with chemical fertilizer but no significantly in number of tubers and content of Tss with protein percentage. 6 - The interaction among Santa cultivar ، Mulching and adding chemical fertilizer with spraying 10g yeast .L - 1 on plants in AI - Najmi area gave significantly highest results in plant high ، number of stem ، leaf area ، chlorophyll ، yield ، tubers number، tuber weight and content of dry mater ، starch ، TSS، protein، Nitrogen، phosphor and potassium percentage reached (43.94cm ، 3. 10 ،92414. dcm 2 ،17.199 spad ، 784.17g ، 6.74tubers، 123.0g% 15، ،9.93% ،6.83% ،7.4% ،1.18% ،0.315% ،2.093%( respectively. 7 - low proportion of nitrates in tubers transactions organic fertilizer (manure of cows، sheep manure،spray with yeast or not yeast) in recording the lowest rate of nitrates compared with the rest of the other transactions fertilization (0.082 %،0.092 %،0.097 % ) in AI - Najme area (0.101 %، 0.111 %،0.121 %) in AI - Bemder area. 8 - significant differences in all the qualities of vegetative growth , yield and qualitative characteristics of the two cultivars in different area with superiority in AI - Najme area

تاثير الموقع الطوبوغرافي في وراثة وتصنيف بعض ترب المنخفضات في الهضبة الصحراوية جنوب غرب السماوة == Effect of Topographic Location on genesis and Classification of some (Alvedhat) depressions Soils in the Western Plateau Southwest of Samawah

اسم المؤلف: ابو الحسن عادل علي المحسن
اسم المشرف: اياد كاظم علي الحسيني
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الانتاج
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اختيرت سبعة بيدونات موزعة في مسارين Transectsجنوب غرب السماوة ضمن ثلاث مناطق متمثلة بمنطقة بريبج والبت والذريات في البادية الجنوبية من محافظة المثنى ، بهدف دراسة تاثير الموقع الطوبوغرافي على وراثة وتصنيف ترب بعض الفيضات في تلك المناطق . تم اجراء عملية مسح تربة بالطريقة الحرة Free lance soil survey اعتمادا على حالة التباين في الصفات المنظورة ميدانيا وخصوصا الطوبوغرافية والنسجة ولون التربة والنبت الطبيعي وغيرها من الصفات , كشفت البيدونات ووصفت مورفولوجيا واستحصلت عينات تربة مثارة (Disturbed ) من كل افق لغرض اجراء التحاليل الفيزيائية والكيميائية والمعدنية ، وعينات تربة غير مثارة ( Undisturbed ) من بعض الافاق لدراسة الصفات المايكرومورفولوجية .الصفات المورفولوجية : توضح نتائج التوصيف المورفولوجي الى وجود حالة من التباين في بعض الصفات المورفولوجية بين بيدونات الدراسة وذلك نتيجة تاثير الموقع الطوبوغرافي ومادة الاصل والمناخ بشكل رئيس فضلا عن تاثير بعض العوامل الموقعية مما انعكس على الصفات المورفولوجية الكبيرة في مقدمتها نوع وسمك الافاق وطبيعة ترتيبهوامراافقها من صفات مميزة لكل افق . فقد تبين ان الترب المتكونة في وسط الفيضات ضمن المسار الثاني اكثر عمقا وذات لون اغمق مما في بيدونات المسار الاول والتي يضفي على الوانها اللون الفاتح بسبب تواجد الكلس بكميات مرتفعة مقارنة بترب المسار الثاني , كما ان بناء التربة كان بين البناء الكتلي عديم الزوايا الى الكتلي حاد الزوايا كما تواجد البناء الصفائحي في الافاق السفلى في بيدونات المسار الثاني مقارنة ببيدونات المسار الاول والتي كانت اغلب افاقه عديمة البناء . كما تبين ان تتابع الافاق في بيدونات المسار الاول هو A - Ck - Cky1 - R - Cky2 اما بيدونات المسار الثاني فقد كان تتابع الافاق هو A - Bk - Btk1 - Btk2 . الصفات الفيزيائيةلقد اكدت النتائج على زيادة محتوى الطين الكلي في الافاق تحت السطحية الى المستوى الذي يحقق شروط تكون الافق الطيني نوع Argillic في بيدونات المسار الثاني , اذ زاد محتوى الطين الكلي في افاق الكسب عنها في افاق الفقد , ولم يلاحظ ذلك في بيدونات المسار الاول . الصفات الكيميائيةبينت النتائج ان هناك ارتفاع في محتوى كاربونات الكالسيوم في ترب المسار الاول (400 - 490 )غم كغم - 1 في حين انخفضت هذه القيم في بيدونات المسار الثاني ( 110 - 430 ) غم كغم - 1 نتيجة لنشاط عمليات عكس التكلس وتكوين الافق كالسيك اذ تم ملاحظة نمط توزيع قيم كاربونات الكالسيوم في الافاق تحت السطحية مقارنة بالافاق العليا . بينت النتائج الى ان الاكاسيد صعبة الحركة (Al2O3 , Fe2O3, SiO2 ) ازدادت في ترب الفيضات على حساب العناصر القاعدية سهلة الحركة ( MgO و( CaOفي حين كان التوزيع مغاير لترب المسار الاول للمناطق المرتفعة وهذا يشير الى حالة التجوية العالية لترب الفيضات لتوفر الظروف الملائمة لنشاط هذه العملية وهذا ما عكسته النسب الجزيئية التي حسبت لهذه الترب .التكوين المعدني لترب الدراسةبينت نتائج الدراسات المعدنية الى سيادة معادن الكوارتز والكالسايت والدولمايت في ترب المسار الاول وانخفاضها في ترب المسار الثاني وكان ذلك مغايرا للمعادن الطينية المونتموريلونايت والكاؤولينايت والالايت والتي ازدادت في ترب المسار الثاني ( ترب الفيضات) . وهذا يشير الى نشاط عمليات التجوية والعمليات البيدوجينية في ترب المسار الثاني مقارنة بترب المسار الاول .الخصائص المايكرومورفولوجية اكدت نتائج الصفات المورفولوجية الدقيقة الى وجود تباين في درجة تطور بيدونات المسار الثاني وذلك من خلال وجود بعض المظاهر المايكرومورفولوجية ومنها Argillans وOrg - Argillans وFerri - argillans وCalcians والتي تؤكد حركة مكونات التربة من الاعلى الى الاسفل نتيجة لنشاط بعض عمليات تكوين التربة . وراثة وتطور وتصنيف ترب الدراسة : تؤكد نتائج الدراسة الى وجود تباين في درجة التطور بين بيدونات المسار الاول والثاني وهذا يعكس التباين الحاصل في الموقع الطوبوغرافي وتاثيرها على كميات المياه التي تستلمها ترب الفيضات مقارنة بالمناطق المرتفعة اضافة الى تاثير الغطاء النباتي وكذلك نشاط العمليات البيدوجينية والجيومورفولوجية على الجانب الوراثي لترب الدراسة .لقد اكدت نتائج الصفات المورفولوجية والفيزيائية والكيميائية والمايكرومورفولوجية على ان ترب الدراسة كانت متطورة لبيدونات المسار الثاني وذلك من خلال حالة التباين في نوع وسمك الافاق التشخيصية فيها , وعدم تطور ترب المسار الاول اذ لم يلاحظ تواجد اي افاق تشخيصية في بيدوناتها على العكس من بيدونات المسار الثاني والتي لوحظ فيها كل من الافق التشخيصي تحت السطحي Argillic والافق Calcic في جميع بيدونات ترب الفيضات وهذه النتائج تؤكد دور العوامل البيئية والموقعية التي تلعب دور في تنشيط العمليات البيدوجينية التي ساعدت على تكوين وتطور تلك الافاق ومنها عمليات الفقد والكسب اضافة الى عمليات ازالة التملح وازالة التكلس والتكلس .صنفت بيدونات المسار الاول جميعها الى رتبة Entisols والى تحت الرتبة Psamments كما شخصت المجموعة العظمى Torripasmment والى تحت المجوعة العظمى Typic Torripasmments . اما بيدونات المسار الثاني فقد صنفت جميعها الى تحت الرتبة Aridisols والى تحت الرتبة Argids ثم شخصت المجموعة العظمى Calciargids والى تحت المجموعة العظمى Vertic Calciargid . | Seven Pedons were selected within two study Transects reprecent three sites melading Pripj area the Beat and the Thariat in the desert of southern Iraq - Muthanna province , In order to study the effect of topography on the site to genesis and formation of some the fedhat soils in those areas. Has been conducting a survey of soil semi - detailed (Semi - detailed soil survey warle was conduct using Free lance method wording to fied variation in traits visible on the ground, especially topographical and Texture and color of the soil and the plant natural and other attributes, revealed the pedons described the morphology and gotting soil samples Disturbed from every horizon for objective conducting the analysis of physical, chemical and mineral, and soil samples is Undisturbed of some horizons to study the details Micromorphological .Morphological properties : The results of morphological description to the existence of a state of variation in some morphological description between Pedons study as a result effect of the site topography , the parent material and the climate mainly influence as well as effect of some the locations factors, which is reflect on the morphological description large , in the introduction type and thickness of the horizons and the nature of the arrangement and concomitant distinctive qualities of each horizon . Has been shown shown that the soils formed in middle the fedhat within the second track more deeply and with a darker color than in the Pedons second track, because of presence the lime of high amounts compared by soil second track , Also the soil stricture was between subangular blocky to angular blocky as presence of stricture platy in the lower horizons in Pedons the second track compared with pedons to the first track . As it turns out that the pursue horizons in Pedons first track is A - Ck - Cky1 - Cky2 As Pedons the second track has been pursue horizons is A - Bk - Btk1 - Btk2 . Physical propertiesThe results revealed increase of total clay content in subsurface horizons to the level with perform Argillic formation conditions in pedons the second track , Total clay content increase in illuvial horizons as compared with eluvial horizons, This has not seen in Pedons the first track .Chemical properties : The results showed that there is a rise in the content of calcium carbonate in the soils first track (400 - 490) gm kgm - 1 while these values fell in Pedons Track (110 - 430) gm.kgm - 1 As a result of the activity of reverse calcification process and the formation of the horizon Calcic if was observed style distribution values of calcium carbonate in the horizons under the surface compared with the upper horizons. The results showed that the oxides difficult Movement (Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO4) has increased in soils the fedhat at the expense of basic elements easy movement (MgO and CaO ) while was the distribution different for soils the first track upland This refers to the case of high weathering of soils the fedhat to provide a appropriate activity conditions this process and this was reflected in the molecule's ratio were calculated for these soils . The mineralogical Formation of soils study : Results mineral studies have shown the rule of metal quartz , Calcite and Dolomite in soils the first track and a decrease in soils second track was so different from the clay minerals and Montmurilonit Kaolenit and Illite which increased in the second track soils ( The soils fedhat). This refers to the activity of weathering processes and processes in soils the pedugenesis in soils the second track compared to the first track.Micromorphological features : The results of Micro - morphological description to the presence of variation in the degree of development of Pedons second track, through the presence of some aspects the Micro - morphological including Orga - argillans Argillans , Orga - argillans , Ferri - argillans and Calcians which emphasizes the movement of soil components from top to bottom as a result of the activity of some soil formation processes. Genesis, Development and Classification of studied soil : The results of the study to a discrepancy in the degree of development between Pedons first track and the second and this reflects the discrepancy in the site topography and its impact on the water received by soils the fedhat compared to the high areas amounts in addition to the effect of vegetation, as well as the pedogenic operations activity and geomorphological on the genetic side of the soils of the study.The results of morphological, physical and chemical description and the micromorphology have confirmed that the soils study was developed in Pedons second track through the state variation in the type and thickness of diagnostic horizons where, and not to the evolution of soils first track as not noticed the presence of any diagnostic horizons in Pedons contrast Pedons second track and where all of the horizon diagnostic observed subsurface Argillic horizon Calcic in all Pedons soils the fedhat these results confirm the role of environmental factors and in situ, which plays a role in the revitalization of the pedogenic processes that helped the formation and evolution of these Horizons including loss operations and earnings as well as desalinization and remove tartar and sintering processes .Pedons ranked first track of all the rank and Entisols to rank under Psamments also diagnosed great group Torripasmment and sub Great group Typic Torripasmments. The second track Pedons all have been classified under the rank Aridisols and under Argids rank then diagnosed Great Group Calciargids and sub Great Group Vertic Calciargid

تقييم مشروع الرميثة الاروائي : دراسة في جغرافية الموارد المائية == Evaluation of Al - Rumaitha irrigation project Study in water resources geography

اسم المؤلف: صبيحة حمد عودة
اسم المشرف: سفير جاسم حسين
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية الطبيعية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: As the study area occupies an important position in terms of agriculture ,this study aims to uncover the reality of the Al - Rumaitha irrigation project and to show the natural and human geographical characteristics of the study area , also highlights the most important problems facing the project .It defines the project's conformity with hydrological standards, evaluating the efficiency of the project and achieve its goals. To achieve this, the researcher followed the systematic approach in accordance with the analytical approach, quantitative method, explanation and linking descriptive method among the influencing factors.The study has identified the most important geographical characteristics of the study area, both natural and human, related to hydrological reality and the impact of these characteristics in the reality of the project , Then the study has presented the geographical spread of the project and structure of the irrigation and drainage system , it has also highlighted the hydrological reality of the project, of the characteristics of annual and monthly discharge characterized by instability and fluctuation , which does not fill the deficit in the water budget climate for the study area , after that it has evaluated the efficiency of the project quality and optimal use of water resources through the qualitative analysis of available water, comparing these indicators to standards Estimate the amount of water needed to produce irrigated crops, determine the actual needs of the irrigation needs of the net and kidney of the project , and compare it with the reality of the irrigation area and the extent of the project's fulfillment of the irrigation requirements of crops planted within the project land.In a study of the sustainability trend in the in the Al - Rumaitha project, the most important natural and human obstacles have identified which prevent the desired sustainability process of the current and future performance of the project, and the proposal to formulate an efficient mechanism to address these obstacles and reduce the waste in the quantity of inward and increase the efficiency of use to achieve optimal utilization of water resources to preserve The rights of future generations on both sides of food security and water security

تحليل جغرافي لمعوقات التنمية الزراعية في محافظة المثنى == A Geographic Analysis of the obstacles to agricultural Development in Al - Muthanna province

اسم المؤلف: رباب حسن كاظم الجياشي
اسم المشرف: نجاح عبد جابر الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد التنمية الزراعية واحدة من اهم انواع التنمية التي تسعى دول العالم الى تحقيقها الا انها لم تحقق في منطقة الدراسة بسبب بعض المعوقات التي ساهمت في عدم تحقيق التنمية الزراعية منها ضعف الامكانات المالية والارشادية والتقنية للمزارعين وتدهور خصوبة الارض الزراعية وقلة مياه الري على الرغم مما تمتلكه المحافظة من بعض المقومات مما جعلت الامر باعثا على دراستها واعتمادا على النتائج المستخلصة من هذه الدراسة يمكن تحديد المسار الانسب في التخطيط للتنمية الزراعية التي تمثل جانبا اساسيا ومهما من خطط التنمية الاقتصادية . وقد تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة الرئيسة بـ (ما معوقات التنمية الزراعية الطبيعية والبشرية والحياتية في منطقة الدراسة ؟ ) ، اما الفرضية الرئيسة تمثلت بوجود مجموعة من المعوقات الطبيعية والبشرية والحياتية التي حالت دون تحقيق اهداف التنمية الزراعية ، لذا تهدف الدراسة الى البحث عن معوقات التنمية الزراعية وتوضيح اسبابها وتاثيراتها في المحافظة وكيفية وضع الحلول المناسبة للتخلص منها وتحقيق الاهداف ، واعتمدت الدراسة على عدد المناهج الجغرافية من اجل تحقيق اهداف البحث منها المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي والمنهج الاقليمي والمنهج الاحصائي ، فضلا عن الاعتماد على المصادر المكتبية والدراسة الميدانية المتمثلة باستمارة الاستبيان والمقابلات الشخصية ، وفي ضوء ذلك تكونت الدراسة من مقدمة واربعة فصول تناول الفصل الاول مقومات التنمية الزراعية التي تمثلت بالمقومات الطبيعية التي تناولت السطح والمناخ والتربة والموارد المائية ، فضلا عن دراسة المقومات البشرية التي تطرقت الى حجم الايدي العاملة الزراعية والحيازات الزراعية وطرائق الري واساليبه ونظام الصرف والسياسة الزراعية بكل انواعها وطرق النقل والمكننة الزراعية لما لها من دور واضح في التنمية الزراعية . اما الفصل الثاني تناول دراسة واقع النشاط الزراعي للمدة (2007 - 2016) الذي تمثل بدراسة محاصيل الحبوب والمحاصيل الصناعية ومحاصيل الخضر والعلف ومحاصيل البستنة ، في حين تناول الفصل الثالث معوقات التنمية الزراعية التي تضمنت المعوقات الطبيعية المتمثلة ( بالعجز المائي ، تملح الترب ، التطرف الحراري ، زحف الكثبان الرملية, العواصف الغبارية) والمعوقات البشرية التي تناولت دراسة ( نقص الايدي العاملة الزراعية ، العزوف عن العمل الزراعي ، وضعف الخبرات الزراعية لدى المزارعين، معوقات السياسة الزراعية بانواعها ، معوقات استغلال الاراضي الزراعية والمعوقات التقنية ) فضلا عن التطرق للمعوقات الحياتية التي تناولت دراسة الافات والامراض الزراعية التي تمثلت بالحشرات والامراض والادغال ، في حين يبحث الفصل الرابع حول وضع استراتيجيات خاصة بالتنمية الزراعية في المحافظة بما يتلاءم مع طبيعة منطقة الدراسة . في حين توصلت الدراسة الى مجموعة من الحقائق كانت ابرزها ان محافظة المثنى تعاني من تدهور القطاع الزراعي وتراجع انتاجه سنويا ، واظهرت ان منطقة الدراسة تمتلك بعض الامكانات التي يمكن ان تكون احد الحلول التي يمكن استثمارها في الزراعة الا انها تحتاج الى التخطيط الصحيح بهدف استثمارها كبعض الاراضي الصالحة للزراعة والمياه الجوفية المتوفرة في الهضبة الغربية ، اما اهم التوصيات التي توصلت اليها الدراسة كانت اهمها السعي لترشيد استعمال المياه وفقا لحاجة كل محصول واستصلاح الاراضي المتدهورة بهدف زيادة المساحة المزروعة واخيرا اختتمت الدراسة بقائمة من المصادر والمراجع وقائمة بالملاحق . | Agricultural development is one of the most important types of development that the countries of the world seek to achieve, which nevertheless failed to succeed in the studied district. This is due to some of the negative aspects that contributed to the emergence of obstacles to agricultural development, including weak financial and technical capabilities, insufficient guidance, the degradation of agricultural land fertility, and the lack of irrigation water. All of these are present despite the fact that the province does have some of the available constituents, which resulted into this research. By relying on the results of the study, it is possible to determine the most appropriate path in planning agricultural development that represents the fundamental aspects of economic development plans.The main problem of the study lies in the development of the natural agricultural, human, and life constraints in the studied area. As to the main hypothesis, it was represented in a group of natural and human obstacles as well as the constraints of life, which prevented the achievement of agricultural development goals. Therefore, the study aims at searching the obstacles to the agricultural development, to clarify its causes and effects in the province, as well as to explain how to input the appropriate solutions to get rid of them. In order to achieve this goal, the study relied on a number of geographic approaches in order to accomplish the research objectives, of which include the descriptive, analytic, and the crop approach. In addition, the study also relied on library resources, and a field study through questionnaires and interviews. In light of this, the research consists of an introduction and four chapters. The first chapter deals with the elements of agricultural development that contains the components of agricultural development which covered the surface, climate, soil, and water resources. Moreover, it also studies the human constraints that touched on the size of agricultural labor and holdings, the irrigation and drainage methods, the agricultural policy of all kinds, and the agricultural transport and mechanization due to their clear roles in agricultural development. As to the second chapter, it deals with the reality of agricultural activity for the period between (2007 - 2016) which is the study of industrial, grain, vegetable, fodder, and horticultural crops. The third chapter, on the other hand, handles the geographical constraints for agricultural developments that is represented in the natural obstacles as seen in (water shortage, soil salinization, thermal extremes and sand dune encroachment), and human constraints that deal with (shortage of agricultural labor, the abandonment of agricultural work, poor agricultural expertise of farmers, the obstacles of policy of all kinds, as well as the obstacles to the utilization of agricultural land and technical obstacles) as well as the constraints of life that deal with the study of agricultural pests, which include the insects, diseases and the bushes. Chapter four discusses the development of a strategy for agricultural development in the province in accordance with the nature of the studied area.The study reaches a set of facts, most notably that the province of al - Muthanna suffers from deterioration in the agricultural sector and decline in its annual production. Through this research it has also become clear that the studied area does have some potential, and thus could be one of the solutions that can be invested in agriculture. Still, this needs to be properly planned with the aim to invest in it, such as some arable land and groundwater available in the desert of Samawah. Of the most important recommendations of the study is to strive to rationalize the use of water according to the needs of each crop, and to reclaim the degraded lands in order to increase the cultivated area. Finally, the study concludes with a list of sources and references and a list of annexes

التحليل المكاني للخدمات الترفيهية في مدينة السماوة == The Spatial Analysis for the Entertainment Services in Samawa City

اسم المؤلف: هالة هادي صالح الظالمي
اسم المشرف: ماهر ناصر عبد الله
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study aims at identifying the reality of spatial analysis of entertainment services in Samawa city depending on the local standards to assess the needs of the population for these services.The study has been conducted through depending largely on the field study and field survey, and it included the related institutions with these services. In addition, the researcher has adopted statistical means like standard deviation and the analysis of neighborhood link by using (ARC GIS 10.4.1) to identify the changes in the size of the population according to the growth rates and to determine the types of entertainment services as well as the extent of efficiency of the given services in accordance with the used standards.The present study has included four chapters : the first chapter deals with the importance of entertainment services, their types , and the stages of basic planning of Samawa city. The second chapter studies some natural and demographic characteristics and their effect on the reality of services. The third chapter is concerned with the study of spatial distribution of the entertainment services in Samawa city, while the fourth chapter focuses on the efficiency of the entertainment services in the city depending on the local standards and some indicators. The thesis has ended with identifying the current needs of the city for the entertainment services as well as the future needs up to 2025.The study has concluded that the entertainment services has low efficiency due to the lack of large types of entertainment services in terms of their numbers , areas, and distribution. There has been clear shortage in the amount of the provided services as they were concentrated in some locals and not in others in a way that is not suitable to the size of the population in the city. With this respect, the needs of the city for the entertainment services are identified, in addition to the estimation of the future needs until 2025.

التحليل الجغرافي السياسي لمؤشرات قياس الدولة الهشة : دراسة تطبيقية على العراق == The Geographical - Political Analysis of Fragile State Indicators (An Applied Study on Iraq

اسم المؤلف: مروة سامي جودة
اسم المشرف: عدنان كاظم جبار الشیباني
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of state is of great importance for the geographical - political studies since it represents a political and social entity. Its existence requires the availability of its basic pillars ( the people, the region, and the authority). It is responsible for carrying out its functions, which represent the main, sole and justified purpose of its existence. In addition, the quality of its performance for its internal and external functions is the measure of its efficiency and sustainability. The states that are subject to setbacks and obstacles in the performance of their functions are described by several terms, the most important of which is the term "fragile state". Such term has a semantic power in describing the efficiency of the state in providing the needs of its population as well as to meet their aspirations. Thus, their sustainability as a country or the possibility of its collapse depends on these aspects, which entails considerable risks at the local and international levels, which is widely used to describe (weak state, vulnerable state, failed state, failing state, collapsed state, instable state, state of crisis and recovering etc.). From such terms, a delineation of indicators to measure the fragility of the state was done, especially after the emergence of two triggers : the declaration of Millennium Development Goals and the events of September 11, 2001. As a result, several indicators emerged, including progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) of the World Bank, the Fragile State Index ( FSI) of Fund For Peace, as well as the Organization for Economic Co - operation and Development (OECD). These indicators were used for two purposes : assisting States, reducing the negative effects of crises, and/or defaming those countries in order to justify hostile policies towards them by the major powers. In accordance with such importance, the researcher has chosen (the geographical - political analysis of fragile state indicators, an applied study on Iraq) as a tittle of her thesis. She adopted the functional approach of Hartshorn which clarified the internal and external functions of the state, the forces of attraction and the forces of expulsion and their role in the cohesion of the state and its unity or disintegration. In addition, she also adopted the historical and power analysis approaches. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher has divided the study into introduction, five chapters, and some conclusions. The first chapter is concerned with the notional frameworks of state and fragile states. Chapter two deals with the geographical characteristics of Iraq and its political system.Chapter three is devoted to show the indicators of fragile state and its application on Iraq. Chapter four focuses on the reasons that prevented the stability and development in Iraq. Chapter five includes the geographicalpolitical solutions to rescue Iraq from fragility. The study has concluded some conclusions : the State of Iraq suffers from fragility in its entity, which has limited its stability and development since its establishment in 1921 to 2015.Moreover, the reason behind the fragility of the state and the failure of its performance in its internal and external functions laid in a number of political, security, economic and social factors, in addition to the Anglo - American occupation of Iraq. These factors combined effectively contributed to a situation of fragility, which requires the development of a range of solutions at the internal and external levels to save the state in Iraq from the fragility and to enable it to regain its leading role regionally and internationally.

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي ابو شنين غرب بحيرة ساوة واستثماراته الاقتصادية == Geomorphology of Wadi Abu jlod (Abu Shounen) West Lake Sawa economic and investment

اسم المؤلف: فاطمة يونس راضي
اسم المشرف: سرحان نعيم طشطوش حسين الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية الطبيعية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:

جيومورفولوجية حوض وادي الضباع غرب ناحية بصية واستثماراته - باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) == Geomorphology of Al - Dhiba'a Valley Basin West of Basiya and its investments - Using GIS

اسم المؤلف: اسامة فالح عبد الحسن المكتوب
اسم المشرف: سرحان نعيم طشطوش حسين الخفاجي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The basin of Wadi Al - Dhiba'a is located within the area of ( stable pavement) within the scope of (Al - Salman and Bsei'a ). The area of the study was a subject to the formative movements that resulted with many fractures, which in turn have participated in several ground and terrain variations in the basin of Wadi Al - Dhiba'a and decided some of the tracks of the streams of water in the basin . The basin of Wadi Al - Dhiba'a has two styles of water flow : the first style is known as (Tree style) and the second is known as ( parallel style). Throughout the study, it has been concluded that the area is promising with economic investments as some of its areas is suitable for agriculture and grazing since it has much of groundwater in addition to the water on the ground if the rain fell. The area of the study also is considered as an ideal area to make a nature reserve and it is an area in which there are many types of raw materials that could be used in several industries.The most important recommendations of the present study are : to encourage the public body of groundwater in Al - Muthanna governorate to drill many wells to meet the actual needs of the area of the study, making a hydrological station, building some dams in certain positions , investing the agricultural and grazing lands in a planned way, composing a net of transmitting tracks to get advantage of the natural resources especially the raw materials, and to encourage the tourist sect in this area.

واقع الاستثمار الصناعي واتجاهاته المكانية في محافظة المثنى : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة == The Reality of the Industrial Investment and its Spatial Trends in Al - Muthanna Governorate (Study in the Industrial Geography

اسم المؤلف: امنة رزاق عبيد الزيادي
اسم المشرف: رحمن رباط حسين الايدامي | عدنان كاظم جبار الشيباني
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2019
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Due to the great importance of industrial investment as it represents the tool that works to collect different factors of production and then find industries that contribute to satisfying the needs of different human by converting raw materials to more useful and longer life products.This study highlights the geographical capabilities of Al - Muthanna Governorate and investigates its role in finding various industrial investments. The area under study has many natural geographical capabilities such as the location near the governorates of the Euphrates and the south of the country. In addition, it has a large area (51740 km 2) which distributed in (4) districts (Al - Samawah, Al - Rumaitha, Al - Khidr and Al - Salman). The human capabilities such as the large population which reached (806368) people for the year 2016 and it grows continually, in addition to the availability of large and varied economic capabilities which were a clear reflection of the natural and human capabilities (variable raw materials , labor, markets and transport routes etc.). The industrial investment in the governorate of Al - Muthanna several problems related with some raw materials, labor , fuel, energy and production etc.The study has followed the regional approach i.e. the study of the governorate as a unit in its own regardless the surrounding areas, and the inductive method through which field studies were conducted, statistical method (weighted weights)was also used to determine the spatial trends of industrial investment in Al - Muthanna Governorate, depending on twelve variables. Based on the above, the study has reached a number of conclusions : foremost of which was that Al - Muthanna Governorate has primary resources and human capacities to enable it to carry out various industrial investments which enable it to establish an industrial base that will be the basis for what follows. The study also showed the results of analyzing the relationship between the geographical capabilities of industrial investment and the suggested Spatial trends : 1 - Al - Samawah City came first, after collecting (49.4%) of the differential degrees. This indicates the availability of good capabilities of raw materials and infrastructure to establish and invest these industries.2 - Al - Rumaitha City came in the second place with 24.8%. It was ranked first with raw materials and plant waste, and the second in the infrastructure that helps it to do many of these industries.3 - Al - Khidr was in the third rank of the total available resources (15.8%) of the differentiation degrees, and therefore can be used in industrial investment.4 - Al - Salman city came in fourth place with (10%) of the total capabilities for manufacturing branches in the Governorate of Al - Muthanna.BA set of recommendations in accordance with the subject of the study : 1 - After the collection of the city of Samawah (49.4%) of the differentiation degrees, we recommend the establishment of food, textile and metal industries.2 - Al - Rumaitha city has collected (24.8%) of the total available resources in Al - Muthanna Governorate, so we propose the establishment of wood industries, paper and printing industry and non - classified industries.3 - Al - Khidr City has Collected (15.8%) of the geographical available capabilities, so we propose the establishment of textile and food industries.4 - Establishment of chemical and construction industries in the City of Al - Salman, for obtaining the first place of mineral resources, which is the raw material for these industries.

مانع سعيد العتيبة ودوره الاقتصادي ونشاطه الفكري في دولة الامارات 1946 - 1990

اسم المؤلف: مالك لفتة مردي المعالي
اسم المشرف: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:

السياسة النفطية لحكومة عبد الكريم قاسم 1958 - 1963م : دراسة تاريخية == The Oil Policy of the Government of Abdul Kareem Qasim 1958 - 1963 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: حسين علي محمد المرشدي
اسم المشرف: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: On final touches, it is invaluable to review the basic scientific subjects together with the essential results throughout the study .The study is entitled “ The Oil Policy of the Government of Abdul Kareem Qasim 1958 - 1963, Historical Study”. The study is to consider the subject of oil and its privileged procedures after the revolution of 14th July .From the beginning, oil privilege was the main concern for most of Iraqi people. These privileges imposed form of exploitation and injustice due to illegal considerations. As a matter of fact, incommensurable contracts that led to forfeit the right national advantages. Accordingly, clear manifestations were rather indicated to exploit Iraqi fortune of oil. As a result, the 14th of July revolution had targeted to face such policy and to persist the acquired national rights.The study is divided into prelude and four chapters. The prelude deals with the initial consideration towards Iraqi oil and what European competitions have decided after the 1st World war .Chapter one comes to consider all the oil agreement that established between Iraqi governments and foreign oil companies to investigate forms of exploitation against the Iraqi nation. Such agreements can be identified by the agreement of 1925 which was modified in 1931, the agreement of Mousl Oil Company in 1932, the agreement of Basra Oil Company in 1938 and the agreement of privilege modification in 1952.Chapter two is concerned with the economical and oil intentions of the revolution government showing its achievement to abolish feudatory, disavow the Sterling Group, repossess regional water from Basra Oil Company, retract the privilege of Khanakeen Oil Company to establish the ministry of Oil and finally to consider the Iraqi role to establish OPEC in 1960 . On its part, chapter three has dealt with the oil negotiations which took place between the revolution government and other oil companies showing the main issues of discrepancy .Chapter four has touched on the oil legislation created by the revolution government and to determine the public opinion. Subjects such as law of identifying the locations of investment for oil companies as well as for the National Oil Company is of main concern .Throughout the chapters, the research has concluded the following results :  To achieve its interest, Britain exploited the political situations that dominated all over Iraq next to the 1st World War . The Iraqi part was incapable to deal with the foreign companies supported by their governments . The first oil declaration, which was addressed by Abdul Kareem Qasim the prime minister, had a great influence to ensure the interest of the concerned major countries and moreover to recognize the new Iraqi government together with nonintervention. It is worth to mention that before the 14th of July revolution, oil production in Iraq was dominated by the oil companies which had decided the final decision . The negotiations between the revolution government and other oil companies lasted for three years when 28 meetings were held. The result of these negotiations came to light in April 1961. In return for, the revolution government established a committee to investigate the effective procedures . The oil legislation issued by the revolution government was an inevitable result due to the obstinate attitude on the part of the foreign companies . The initial step of oil industry in Iraq started with the oil laws which were issued by the revolution government to enable Iraq of the national oil fortune . Oil policy of the revolution government together with legislation had contributed to establish foreign coalitions to work against and to overthrow the government in retaliation for losing advantages .

منظمة المؤتمر الاسلامي وموقفها من قضيتي كوسوفو والبوسنة والهرسك 1989 - 1999 == The Organization of Islamic Conference and its Attitude towards the Issues of Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1989 - 1999)

اسم المؤلف: نورس غصاب عبود المعالي
اسم المشرف: غانم نجيب عباس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2019
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Organization of the Islamic Conference is considered as one of the most important international organizations .It is the second largest international organization after the United Nations. The establishment of the Organization of Islamic Conference came after several initiatives and invitations by Muslim leaders and scholars in response to the fragmentation and division of the Islamic countries. The Organization of the Islamic Conference is based on the belonging to the Islamic religion and not on a geographical, political or economic basis, like other organizations. It aims at achieving unity and religious solidarity among Muslim countries. Its membership includes most of the Islamic or Muslim - majority countries as it includes in its membership fifty - seven countries representing one third of the members of the United Nations. It is important to shed light on it and its attitudes which are considered as important in the international forums. In order to know and understand this organization, it is necessary to study its origins, objectives, principles and development, and to study how it dealt with the Islamic issues that emerged on the international scene. Therefore, the researcher has chosen it as a subject matter for this thesis under the title 'The Organization of Islamic Conference and its attitude towards the issues of Kosovo and Bosnia - Herzegovina 1989 - 1999'.The reason behind choosing the issues of Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina is that they were major crises and wars that the world witnessed after World War II. In addition, The Kosovo and Bosnia - Herzegovina crisis took place for a number of reasons, foremost of which were ethnic and religious conflicts as Islamic represents the religion of the majority in Kosovo and the highest percentage of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Both the region and the republic sought independence just like the rest of the republics of the Yugoslav Union that got independence after the collapse of the Union. Both Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina were subjected to ethnic cleansing and abuses that affected Muslims in the region and the Republic because of their desire for independence and here comes the importance of the study in that it carries many religious, political dimensions and other needs to study and research. Thus, the researcher has chosen these two issues to study and identify the attitude of the Organization of Islamic Conference towards them.Concerning the designation of 1989 as the beginning of the study, as it is the year in which the Kosovo Albanians lost their autonomy since the 1974 Constitution by the Republic of Serbia ,and 1999 as the end of the study as it is the year in which all international endeavors and initiatives to end the Kosovo war have ended. Regarding Bosnia and Herzegovina, its events took place within that period, i.e. from 1992, the date of the outbreak of the war, to the date of the implementation of the Dayton Agreement.In the light of this, the thesis was divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters and some conclusions that included the most important results of the study. TheBpreface deals with Islamic Solidarity and Islamic Conferences that preceded the formation of the Organization of the Islamic Conference and the reasons that led to the establishment of the Organization. The first chapter examines the Organization of the Islamic Conference , its structure and its relations with the other organizations. The first chapter includes four sections : the first section focuses on the establishment of the organization, the second section deals with its organizational structure, while the third section investigates the relationships of the organization with the other international organizations, and the fourth section previews the attitudes of the Organization towards some Islamic issues.Chapter two is devoted to the attitude of the Organization towards the issue of Kosovo from 1989 to 1999. This chapter is divided into three sections : The first section includes a general study on the Republic of Yugoslavia and the region of Kosovo, the second section deals with the attitude of the Organization towards the crystallization of the Kosovo crisis of 1989 - 1998, while the third section focuses on its attitude towards Kosovo war of 1998 - 1999.The third chapter deals with the attitude of the Organization of the Islamic Conference towards the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1996. This chapter is divided into three sections : the first section deals with the historical roots of the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the second section focuses on the attitude of the Organization towards the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1993, and the third section is concerned with the attitude of the Organization towards the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Dayton Agreement from 1994 - 1996.In spite of the researcher's reliance on various sources of Arabic and foreign documents and books as well as academic studies, the researcher encountered difficulties in obtaining foreign documents, especially the Yugoslav documents from their sources, as well as the lack of our libraries to the primary sources of these events, as well as the lack of sources specifically (documents) that are related to the attitude of the Organization towards the Kosovo issue, as it is a contemporary historical issue.The most important conclusions reached in this study is the success of the Islamic countries through coordination and cooperation among themselves to put forward the idea of Islamic solidarity in the field of reality. The Organization of the Islamic Conference was established at the international level as a regional organization dealing with Islamic countries in order to meet the challenges facing the Islamic countries . After several years, the Organization was able to present itself as an Islamic unit, lead the Islamic countries, and respond to the issues facing the Islamic nation, including the Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina issues. Through its conferences and decisions, the organization sought to support the issue of Kosovo Muslims and provided diplomatic and political support for the Kosovo issue as well as the financial support that is represented by aids provided by the Organization and its member states to the Muslim people in Kosovo. TheCOrganization paid much attention to the issue as it included it in its agenda and formed a special team to follow developments in the region. The attitude of the Organization towards the issue of Bosnia and Herzegovina was stronger than the one towards Kosovo as the later was a region related to the republic of Serbia and this is an internal issue. On the other hand, Bosnia and Herzegovina was one of the republics of Yugoslavia.In Bosnia and Herzegovina, several internal and external factors caused the situation to be deteriorated and caused the outbreak of war. The religious factor was one of the most important reasons. Bosnia included the Muslims who constituted the largest proportion of the country. Thus, this issue was included in the agenda of the Organization , and its members made individual and collective efforts to end the crisis, and those efforts proved their response to these events and resulted in good results. The Organization succeeded in presenting the issue to various international forums. A special commission for Bosnia and Herzegovina was formed, known as the Contact Group, which made great efforts to serve this issue both within and outside the United Nations

فاروق صالح العمرسيرته ونشاطه الوظيفي ودوره السياسي ومنهجه في التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر حتى عام 2018 == Farooq Salih Al - Omer and his Method in Writing History

اسم المؤلف: محمد ساجت محول الظالمي
اسم المشرف: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Recently, the academic personals in the field of history have got the interest of the Iraqi universities as they had great effect in revealing several historical facts. They have prominent role in shaping the track of history writing in Iraq. Dr. Farooq Salih Al - Omar is considered as a one of those who presented many participations to the contemporary school of history in Iraq through his scientific carrier that lasted for about sixty years.The present study has included an introduction, four chapters, and conclusions . Chapter One is concerned with the social life of Farooq Salih Al - Omar and his scientific and carrier background. It includes a glance of his social life and the nature of his study from the primary stage going through completing his Ph.D. in Egypt ,and his carrier in the Ministry of Knowledge in 1959 to the time of the present study.Chapter Two, on the other hand, is devoted to study the political activity of Farooq Salih Al - Omar in which the researcher explores what happened to Al - Omar during changing the ruling system from Kingdom to Republic in 1958 which has affected his political ideas and got him to join Al - Ba'ath Arabian Communist party in 1959.Chapter Three deals with his administrative participations and his scientific and educational efforts. It explores his contribution in establishing Al - Basrah Documents center in 1990 in the Universityof Basrah and establishing the college of Historical studies in the University of Basrah in 2000, and investigates his relationships with the chancellors of the University of Basrah since moving his services to it in 1969 until his retirement in 2009. In addition, it notify his scientific and educational efforts and his method of teaching and supervising.Chapter Four investigates the method of Farooq Salih Al - Omar in the writing of history which is based on the analytical study. It views five of his publications as living samples to know his method in writing history. In addition, three of his published books in the scientific periodicals were analyzed. The study also has included some appendixes which document the life of Al - Omar.Throughout the study, the researcher has concluded several things about Al - Omar, most importantly the following : 1. He is descended from a family which was known by its social and scientific position.2. The environment that he grew in has affected his cultural and political ideas.3. His study in the Teachers institute is considered as his real turning point in his scientific, cultural, political, and ideological life 4. Changing the ruling system in Iraq from kingdom into republic in 1958 has participated in his joining to Al - Ba'ath Arabian party in 1959.5. His writing method has been characterized as being simple ,smooth , and strong. It was empty of complex words. His method was scientific and accurate, and his ordering of the events was logical. Finally, his analysis was scientific and he refused the explanations that are based on self - measurements

حميد احمد حمدان التميمي سيرته واسهاماته العلمية == Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Al Tamimi His biography and scientific contributions

اسم المؤلف: كرار حسين كاظم الفتلاوي
اسم المشرف: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After studying the biography of Professor Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Tamimi and his scientific achievements through the four chapters of the letter, there are important conclusions reached by the study is as follows : - The facts presented in this study allow us to say that the environment in which Dr. Humaid Ahmad Hamdan al - Tamimi came out has a great impact on his intellectual and scientific orientations, especially his family, his professors and his surroundings, like the second generation of Iraqi historians who still had their clear impressions in the field of historical studies . Al - Tamimi, like other Iraqi academics, did not rely heavily on the former Baathist governments, which kept him away from the classroom and in training. Not only did he open his doors to others who were close to her, And his broad knowledge that he possesses the qualifications and expertise distinguished by others. Dr. Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Al - Tamimi is based on a broad base of accumulated knowledge of historical events as well as comprehensive knowledge of the basic aspects of Iraq's modern and contemporary history, the history of the Arab world and the modern and contemporary Arabian Gulf, . The scientific methodology of Tamimi seeks to reshape the historical event as it was signed with the utmost precision and clarity committed to the scientific secretariat is high, and so is interested in all the particles and details to the comprehensive view of the historical treatment, the topics and studies are overflowing with a lot of historical scientific information, based on the abundance of knowledge and diversity The multiple interpretations of the historical event document what he went through the basic and primary sources of each and every aspect of historical research. Dr. Hamid Ahmed Hamdan is a living example of scientific persistence and intellectual giving. He is one of the few who gave birth to the University of Basrah, and from the first generation, which is rarely repeated in terms of the richness ofhis knowledge and his flowing contribution, which has been harvested for many years in research, studies, readings, writings and scientific participations. At the level of the interior and abroad, and supervision of the letters and scientific messages and the adoption of administrative and scientific positions - Professor Hamid Ahmed Hamdan Tamimi, through this study looked a brilliant man in his specialty and a historian of glory in his books Rsina in his proposals, loyal to his country to the point where the promotion of non - specialized work in the Ministry of Transport and Communication to the level of idealism.

جعفر شريف امامي ودوره السياسي في ايران حتى عام 1978 == Jafar Sharif Emami And political role in Iran until 1978

اسم المؤلف: حازم كاظم طاهر الزيادي
اسم المشرف: نعيم جاسم محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Jaafar Sharif Emami of the most personalities importance in the contemporary history of Iran, it is nearby Personal far from the Shah, an independent figure and did not enter into political parties until forced by the Shah after 1975 to join the RstakhizParty (Renaissance), and was among those who assisted them shah resolve crises Interior, moreover, it is characterized by a strong personality external relations internationally accepted, and he held a number of important political positions in the country, such as prime minister twice (1960 - 1961) and the (Government of national reconciliation in 1978) and chairman of the Senate for a period of fifteen years (1963 - 1978), as well as other political positions held which are numerous and many, have been reviewed in detail in the chapters of the message.Hence the choice of subject (Jafar Sharif Emami and political role in Iran until 1978), which had a clear role in the contemporaryhistory of Iran, on the grounds that most of the previous studies onits role in the development of the internal events for Iran did notlook at his early life or dealt with his role in the events, as well as all this, the choice of topic was expressing a small seed, planted inthe Finder thinking when he was in the preparatory year at the master's stage, has germinated and the flourishing of the chosensubject of study, thanks to the support and encouragement of my teacher, Dr.Naeem Jassim Mohammed The letter included an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion the most important conclusions reached by the researcher, the first chapter dealt with the life of Jafar Sharif Emami his birth and upbringing social and biography, as well as his wealth obtained through his political career, and instruction and intellectual upbringing, as well as his role in the emergence of Masonic thought in Iran, as well as career include it political coin early until 1960, beginning his service manager for the Department of irrigation in the reign of Ahmed strength of the Sultanate in 1947, and he assumed the post of Minister of ways in the government of Ali packages Lara (1950 - 1951), and Minister of industry and minerals in the government of Dr. Manouchehr Iqbal ( 1957 - 1960).

باقر شريف القرشي سيرته واثاره الفكرية (1927ــ2012) : دراسة تاريخـية == Biography of Bakker Sharref Al - Querishi And His Intellectual Contributions

اسم المؤلف: عزيز غالي حسين حمدان العامري
اسم المشرف: عبد الاله بدر علي الاسدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study is entitled the Biography of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi and his intellectual contribution (1925 - 2012).we should refer that there have been a disagreement among researchers about the date of his birth which is considered the starting point of this study where the researcher have found that several reliable sources which mentioned that his birth was in (1925) , but after laborious examination , eventually prove undoubtedly evidence that it was in (1927) which occurred after televised meeting with him. Therefore , the study starts from the year (1927). The most important reason for our choice of this subject is that there is no previous sufficient academic study which dealt and disclosed the remarkable life for such great personage .Hence , the nature of the study required a scheme involves introduction, four Chapter and conclusions .The first chapter entitled the birth , upbringing and formation of his social character which consist of three inquiries. The first inquiry about : the life of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi (his name , lineage (family),born and bred ,his preliminary education ,his marriage and family ,and features of his personality ).while the second inquiry is about : his intellectual tributaries(social climate ,the press, and the genetic aspect), the third inquiry about Bakker s social and scientific status and death . the second chapter entitled acquisition of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi , the first entitled the religious Education of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi , while the second inquiry about : his students ,their impression ,what has been written and said about him , the writers who affected him ,the motivation to write ,the last one is the third inquiry about the politics of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi and his attitude towards the politics events.Chapter three studies the intellectual and scientific production of the Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi which ,in turn ,has been distributed into two inquiries, the first is entitled : his printed books and the second entitled : the study of the contribution of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi and his writing methodology ,which involving two inquiries,the first about study of the contribution of Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi From this presentation of the contents of research which apparently Demonstrates that the knowledgeable formation and religious environment Where the scholar lived in between the lap of traditional legacy adhered to the sound foundation of Islamic doctrine and between intellectual environment which had been secreted by the nature of scientific environment where he had grown up and nurtured in which had a clear impact in preparing his intellectual tributaries and opening up his knowledgeable channels which highly had helped in forging his scientific character . As a result of blending and interaction on his vision and opened up new horizons which,in turn ,allowed to introduce the analogical studies within his research ,and adopted a new methodology in dealing with knowledge in field of historical erudition in topics not oblivious for requirements of a historical and scientific approach, as well as, title of his topics have characterizes with precision and objectively . This lead to present an extensive knowledgeable achievement. We can realize , to some extent that his writings have never been familiar but he exerted a considerable efforts in addressing multiple issue of history according to a logical imaginative perspective to treat the reasons of turbulence of history. He also has had a high degree of distinction in intellectual and scientific output in domain of historical studies which qualified hi to be considered ,by observes ,one of the greatest pioneers in history of Iraq in terms of his works subject of history ,especially in lives and chronicles of (Ahlul - Beit) the off spring of prophet Muhammed (pease be upon him) that distinguished him from other historical writers .Having a look at his writings, we can notice the considerable diversity in style quantitatively and qualitatively. he handled issue ,topics and numerous ,varied ,historical points of debate in according to systematic bases and view reflected firmly his approach and mechanisms in his pattern for researching .in addition ,the scholar ,Bakker Shareef al - Qureishi, was not just a writer in history ,but ,moreover, he almost wrote in all Islamic order ,doctrine , language, and religious erudition.he was ,and still, considered as one of the greatest personas in history of contemporary Iraqi scholar is ,deservedly ,considered as an encyclopedia who left an apparent indelibly imprint on generations seekers of history science and its facts . he realy enjoyed with a sense of an adherent chronicler with his systematic line of thinking which almost approaching for mythology in writing of history ,especially in relation to his arranging of marging.In sum,we can infer undoubtedly that he had an amazing foresight for events which we can realize through what he referred to, not in position to assets of figures hehad passed on and translated theme , but we have found how he was utterly conscientious to present for his readers a valid historical account by means of the diversity in reliable sources, with purpose in his mind,to figure out and beef up of the historical fact which he related in his creative works.B) )When analyzing his style of writing=g , we can recognize how his style has been distinguished with reference to the clarity and simplicity, any tentative reader approach for events and details .And another distinctive merit which differentiates him from whole writers is that his books process wide coverage ; consequently ,filling a wide gaps in agreat deal of libraries and, for their extremely importance, they have translated for many language such as English, Ordic,Turkish,Sawahi, and language of Husa . his books were (65) books . in addition ,some of this books have become curriculum or course of study in international universities such as the Islamic university in London and the Algerian university .Indeed , he has been considered by critics in literary scene as on of the elite that proved the knowledgeable and historical movement with books enjoyed with high level of validity and reliability in terms of the historical accounts . As a result , he was the only Iraqi author who is designated a private section in the library of the American congeress

الموقف الباكستاني من الغزو السوفيتي لافغاننستان 1979 - 1989 == The Pakistani Attitude From the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979 - 1989)

اسم المؤلف: ايمان محبس مدلول الطاهر
اسم المشرف: اسعد حميد ابو شنة
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Afghanistan has undergone many major transformations on all of the political, military, economic and social levels that had a significant impact on its local and regional status. Due to its geographical position, Afghanistan had a special significance because of its proximity to the crossroads of three different civilized centers; Central Asia, The Indian sub - continent and the Middle East, which became controversial over the years between the major powers dominating the world at the time. Since the beginning of its modern history, the location of Afghanistan represented for the Soviet Union an important strategic position that made the Soviet Union aspire to polarize Afghanistan towards it, despite the fact that Afghanistan, after getting rid of the British dependency in 1919, had taken the non - aligned policy as a slogan of the state and became far from interventions that took place in the outside world, including alliances of the two World Wars I and I.But the major and regional countries neighboring Afghanistan had another opinion, the most prominent of which are the Soviet Union and Pakistan. the Soviet Union, being geographically adjacent to Afghanistan thought that it was necessary to control this country and manipulate it, then take control of Pakistan to ensure they were not dragged into the Western camp. The Soviet Union began to politically, economically, and even socially contain Afghanistan by spreading communist ideas to extract Afghanistan from its religious enclosure so that it could dictate its conditions upon it. In economic terms, the Soviet Union bound Afghanistan to many treaties in order to vigorously link the Afghan economy to the Soviet one. Therefore, Afghanistan embraced countless treaties that made the Soviet Union the sole controller of the Afghan economy. Culturally, the Soviet Union brought to Afghanistan the means of education and ideas that went in line with the Communist Party, which was rapidly spreading in Afghanistan ahead of the invasion.Pakistan's close proximity to Afghanistan and the social, linguistic, cultural and religious ties between the two countries had played a major role in moving the Afghan society to the desired destination of Pakistan and its allies, as the allies of Pakistan, especially the United States of America, knew how to approach Afghanistan under the umbrella of religion and Islamic Jihad since the Islamic religion in Afghanistan has the upper hand. Hence, Pakistan had been at the forefront of what was going on in Afghanistan - the Soviet invasion of it in 1979 .This in itself did not appeal to the other anti - Soviet forces, i.e., the US, which felt that Afghanistan had been dragged to the Eastern Camp.Through the above study we have highlighted the position of Pakistan from the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and have come to conclude the following results : The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 - 1989 represented an important event on the regional and international scene. Major and regional countries were unable to stand still because of the very important effects they had on manyBcountries, especially in Asia. Pakistan was one of the most affected countries for several reasons, some were related to its foreign policy and regional relations with its neighbors, especially India and the unsettled issues between them, while other reasons were related to its relations with major countries - the United States and the Soviet Union - and Pakistan's need for a strong ally to support it in the face of the regional challenges, as well as the challenges of internal building and the advancement of the country's economy. There were many things that manifested Pakistan's hostile attitude towards the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan : Pakistan considered the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan as the greatest threat to its security and may be greater than the traditional Indian threat, besides the fear of Pakistan that the Soviet Union might take use of its borders to reach their desired goal, i. e., warm waters. The Soviet invasion did not serve the interests of Pakistan, especially on the internal, social, and economic levels, because of the effects that resulted from the invasion such as the social problems and economic losses that had increased the burden of the emerging Pakistani economy. The advanced Indo - Soviet relations had a significant impact on directing Pakistan's position towards the Afghan issue. Pakistan felt that it had become politically and ideologically hostile to both countries. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan was a strategic security threat to the Pakistan national security as the Soviet forces were coming closer to the Pakistani borders. Pakistan's rejection of the Soviet invasion was based on maintaining Pakistan's national security, including India's threat. Pakistan had not been able to determine the appropriate bases in the face of this great challenge due to its limited economic, political and military capabilities compared to the Soviet Union, so it had to rely on the great powers that would be an adversary to the Soviet Union and diverging in ideological goals; the United States represented this type of force.Hence, both Pakistan and Afghanistan mattered in the Cold War, and turned to have an important role in the eyes of the US, just as the Soviet Union had presence in Afghanistan, the United States had to be close to it, and Pakistan represented the most appropriate place for that presence. Pakistan was the base of financing, training, and equipping the Afghan resistance factions against the Soviet forces in Afghanistan, besides the great political and intelligence presence of the United States. Pakistani territory was the most important base for all of the young people, who wanted to fight the Soviet forces, coming from various regions of the Islamic world.

ال الحرفوش في بعلبك 1497 - 1865م : دراسة تاريخية

اسم المؤلف: زهرة محمد حلو الشيباني
اسم المشرف: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:

دور صناديق الثروة السيادية في دعم الموازنة العامة لبلدان مختارة مع امكانية تطبيقها في العراق == The Role of Sovereign Wealth Funds in Supporting the Budget of Selected Countries with the Possibility of Applying them in Iraq

اسم المؤلف: زينب شاكر جبير الظالمي
اسم المشرف: عكيل حميد جابر الحلو
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم المالية والمصرفية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study try to analysis "the role of sovereign wealth funds in supporting the budget of selected countries with the possibility of applying them in Iraq", The study was based on the hypothesis that "sovereign wealth funds contribute to achieving the economic balance of the public budget of the country through absorption of oil surpluses at high prices and prevent the state of expansion of public spending, It also works to support the public budget in the event of oil shocks and low prices, especially in rent countries through mutual influence. The study sample includes the two countries (Norway and Algeria) highlighting the role of the Norwegian Global Government Pension Fund and the role of the Algerian Resources Fund Their support for the public budget of the two countries that they sample of study and try to benefit from the positive policies used by them in the management of oil surpluses to achieve stability of the Iraqi economy, which is considered the federal budget mirror him through the establishment of an Iraqi sovereign fund to achieve those goals, The study was based on an analysis of the financial ratios related to the analysis of the budgets of both countries and the role of the sovereign fund in supporting them, as well as analysis of the data of the reality of the general budget in Iraq, The most important finding of the study is the existence of a mutual financial relationship between the sovereign funds, especially the stabilization funds in the oil countries and the general budget of the country, based on Friedman's permanent income theory and its content if the result of subtracting estimated expenditures from actual public revenues is positive, The Fund will be financed by the realized surplus. The result of the proposal between the variables mentioned negative result in a deficit in the general budget of the country is covered by withdrawal from the Fund, As well as the possession of the Iraqi economy several justifications necessitated by the need to accelerate the establishment of funds for sovereign wealth, including the Iraqi economy and its dependence on the large oil sector in the financing of gross domestic product and annual budgets make it hostage to price fluctuations of oil wealth, as well as the imbalance of the sectoral structure of GDP and its impact on the budget deficit Of the country, as well as the viability and success of the experiences of establishing sovereign funds in various developing and developed countries.While recommending study the need to expedite the legislation of the proposed law of Mesopotamia’s fund, which should define the powers and responsibilities of the various authorities responsible for funding, management and implementation of the Fund's investment strategies by converting the financial surpluses achieved from the difference between the estimated price inthe law of the public budget and the actual price to the Fund account, To ensure the continued funding of public budget expenditures in case of falling oil prices even in the short term. Two types of investments should be followed for the oil surpluses in the Financial Stability Fund to ensure the necessary funding for the general budget and not to succumb to the phenomenon of fiscal deficit in times of decline in oil pricesThe first pattern is based on the strategy of low - return investment and risk to cover operating expenses in the short term, A high - yielding and risky investment strategy to counter the effects of global oil price collapse over the long term.

استخدام نموذج مطالب - موارد الوظيفة في تحديد مستوى جودة الخدمة المصرفية : دراسة تحليلية لاراء عينة من العاملين في المصارف الحكومية التجارية في محافظة المثنى == Using the Job Demands - Resources modal to determine the quality of banking service An analytical study to orupon the views of a sample of employees in government commercial banks in Al - Muthanna province

اسم المؤلف: زينة فالح حميد الجياشي
اسم المشرف: عامر علي حسين العطوي
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم المصرفية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تسعى الدراسة الحالية الى معرفة تاثير نموذج مطالب - موارد الوظيفة في جودة الخدمات المصرفية المقدمة من قبل العاملين في المصارف الحكومية في محافظة المثنى والتي بلغت (133) عاملا مع اختلاف تحصيلهم العلمي ومناصبهم الادارية, ويتضمن متغير مطالب الوظيفة مجموعة من المؤشرات تمثلت بعبء العمل والصراعات الشخصية وسوء بيئة العمل المادية. اما متغير موارد الوظيفة فقد تجسدت مؤشراته بكل من التغذية العكسية واستقلالية العامل والدعم الاجتماعي المدرك. وتفترض الدراسة ان مطالب الوظيفة تؤثر في جودة الخدمات المصرفية من خلال الدور الوسيط للاحتراق الوظيفي في حين تؤثر موارد الوظيفة في جودة الخدمات المصرفية من خلال الدور الوسيط للانغماس الوظيفي, وتكمن مشكلة الدراسة في انخفاض مستوى جودة الخدمة المصرفية بسبب ارتفاع مطالب الوظيفة التي قد تسبب الاحتراق لدى العاملين وانخفاض موارد الوظيفة مما يؤدي الى انخفاض الانغماس الوظيفي لديهم, ومن ابرز فرضيات الدراسة الرئيسية هي توجد علاقة تاثير غير مباشرة سالبة ذات دلالة معنوية بين مطالب الوظيفة وجودة الخدمة المصرفية من خلال الدور الوسيط لمتغير الاحتراق الوظيفي, وايضا توجد علاقة تاثير ذات دلالة معنوية بين موارد الوظيفة وجودة الخدمة المصرفية من خلال الدور الوسيط لمتغير الانغماس الوظيفي, ومن ابرز اهداف الدراسة تحديد مستوى مطالب الوظيفة الذي يعاني منها العاملين في القطاع المصرفي والعمل على تقليلها او موازنتها, والكشف عن مستوى موارد الوظيفة لدى العاملين في القطاع المصرفي والعمل على زيادتها, ومعرفة مستوى جودة الخدمة المصرفية المقدمة من قبل العاملين من وجهة نظر المصارف عينة الدراسة, اما اهمية الدراسة تبرز بكونها تعد من اولى المحاولات التي تختبر نموذج مطالب - موارد الوظيفة في القطاع المصرفي. وقد استخدمت الدراسة لاختبار الفرضيات مجموعة من الادوات الاحصائية المناسبة تمثلت بعامل الارتباط البسيط ومنهج معادلة النمذجة الهيكلية وتحليل الانحدار المتعدد المتدرج. وقد اثبتت النتائج صحة اغلب الفرضيات وقد توصل الباحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات المهمة كان من ابرزها استخدام نموذج مطالب - موارد الوظيفة لقياس جودة الخدمة المصرفية لكونه يعد وسيلة فعالة لمعرفة ضغوط العمل التنظيمية وما هي العوامل المحفزة لهم, الكلمات المفتاحية : مطالب الوظيفة, موارد الوظيفة, الانغماس الوظيفي, الاحتراق الوظيفي, جودة الخدمة المصرفية. | The current study seeks to know the effect of job demands - Resources model on the quality of banking services provided by a sample of employees in the government commercial banks in Al - Muthanna Governorate, which amounted to (133) employees with different degrees of education and administrative positions. The variable of job demands includes a set of indicators, such as workload, personal conflicts, and poor physical working environment. The variable demands resources have been reflected in the indicators of feedback, worker autonomy and social support, The study assumes that job demands affect the quality of banking services through the intermediary role of Job Burnout, while the resources of the job affect the quality of banking services through the intermediary role of Job engagement, The study used to test hypotheses a set of appropriate statistical tools represented by the simple correlation coefficient and the method of equation of structural modeling and regression analysis of multi - gradient. The results proved the validity of most study hypotheses. The researcher reached a number of important conclusions and recommendations. The most important of these were the use of the job demands - resources model to measure the quality of banking service as an effective means of knowing the regulatory pressures and the factors that motivate them

تاثير مواعيد الزراعة في نمو وحاصل تراكيب وراثية مختلفة من محصول الشوفان sativa Avena L == Effect of Sowing Dates on Growth And Yield of Different Oats Genotypes Avena Sativa L.

اسم المؤلف: رسول ثامر جاسم الحساني
اسم المشرف: فيصل محبس مدلول الطاهر
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - المحاصيل الحقلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت تجربة حقلية خلال الموسم الشتوي 2012 - 2013 في حقل احد المزارعين في قضاء الرميثة ( 25 كم شمال مدينة السماوة, مركز محافظة المثنى), لتقييم استجابة ثلاثة تراكيب وراثية من الشوفان هي : ( Wallaro وCarrolupو Wild oat) لخمسة مواعيد زراعة هي( 1و15 تشرين الاول | A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2012 - 2013 in farm near the Rumaitha (25 km north of Samawah) to evaluate response of three genotypes of oats (Wallaro, Carrolup and Wild oat) for five Plantin dates (1, 15 October, 1, 15 November

التوجيه الصرفي في كتب مشكل اعراب القران في القرنين الخامس والسادس الهجريين == The Morphological Channeling In The Books on The Obscure of Parsing The Quran In The Fifth And Sixth Century

اسم المؤلف: رقية سجاد حسن
اسم المشرف: علي فرحان جواد
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: المثنى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study deals with the morphological channeling in three books the common subject matter of which is the obscurity of the parsing of the Quran. These books are : 1.Mushkil '?rab 'al - Quran by Makki Ibn Abi Talib al - Qaisi (d.437 A.H.).2.Kashf al -
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