اسم المؤلف:
رشا موحان سلمان
اسم المشرف:
جميل سعد السراي | مهند رمزي نشات
المستخلص:
جريت دراسة بيئية للهائمات الحيوانية في نهر الغراف, وموقعه في الجزء الجنوبي الشرقي من العراق, تحيط به مساحات شاسعة وخصبة من الاراضي الزراعية. هدفت الدراسة الى التنوع الاحيائي للهائمات الحيوانية, من خلال قيم بعض ادلة التنوع الاحيائي, وكذلك دراسة تاثيربعض ال | An ecological study of zooplankton was carried out on the Al - Gharraf River, that located in the south eastern sector of Iraq and surrounded by vast and agricultural land to the aim of this study are biodiversity of zooplankton by through some of biodiversity index values of some physical and chemical characteristics of water on the biodiversity and abundance of Al - Gharraf zooplankton. The samples of the study have been collected monthly for the period from August 2014 untill July 2015 at three selected stations in the river; Station one is located at 500 m of the AL - KUT Dam. The second is situated at a distance of 15 Km away from the station one at (Kut - Muwafaqiya) and the latter station is located at 18 Km apart from the second one upon entering the river to Muwafaqiya The study was achieved by measurement of some physical and chemical properties of water were analyzed the parameters studied included Air temperature (11 to 38.6) ?C, water temperature (12.1 to 29.1) ?C, pH (7.2 to 7.9), EC (490 to 1860) µS/cm, Salinity (0.31 to 1.19) ‰, DO (5 to 9.1) mg/L, BOD5 (0.2 to 7.1) mg/L, Turbidity (4.69 to 74) NTU, TDS (0.26 to 0.99) g/L, TSS (0.005 to 5.9) mg/L, TH (388 to 520) mg/L, Ca+2 (100.2 to 180.36) mg/L, Mg+2 (3.69 to 52.07) mg/L and NO3 - 2 (0.034 to 3.58) mg/L and PO4 - 2 (0.011 to 1. 25) mg/L., Bicarbonate (130 to 185) mg/L, Sulfate (80 to 180) mg/L, the percentage of oxygen saturation (48.59 to 93.82) %, Water flow (14.28 to 76.92)cm\sec. and total Alkalinity(119 to 274)mg/L.The study also included biological aspects using density, Rrelative abundance index (Ra), Constancy index (S), Species richness index (D), Shanon - Weiner index (H), Species uniformity index (E) and Jaccard presence - community were also employed to determine the values of species composition, density and zooplankton biodiversity in the study area. In the current study about 113 Taxonomic units of zooplankton were identified, the rotifer was dominate group including 64 taxa to rotifera, 34 taxa belonging to cladocera and 15 taxa to copepod.The Zooplankton showed high density in river 8332.62 Ind. /m3 during April 2015 while lower465.32Ind. /m3 in Sebtember 2014 also the rotifer recorder density from198.66 to 7865.98 Ind/m3, cladocera density from 0 to 233.32 Ind/m3and copepod density from 66.33 to 2932.65 Ind/m3.The results of the relative abundance index showed that the species rotifera : neplunia Rotaria. Keratella valga Brachionus angularis, Keratella cochlearis dolicopter While as from Cladocera, Alona rectangular, Polyarthra Alonella excise, , Moina affinis, , Bosmina longirostris Ceriodaphnia rigaudi Chydorus piger, Scapholebrus kigni. Simocephalus sevrulatu and the copepods : Immature Harpacticoida, Paracyclo fimbriatus, Nitocra sp., Nitocra spinipe, , Harpaticoida sp. and Nauplii were more abundant in Al - Gharraf river. also the results of Constancy index showed Six taxa belonged to zooplankton, which were considered "Constant" at stations However the other taxonomy units varied from "accessory" and "accidental" taxonomy units in study stations. The values of the Species richness index of rotifer varied from 0 to 5.42 and cladocera varied from 0 to1.41 and copepod from 0 to 2.70 The highest percentage of similarity 48.148% for Zooplankton were reported between stations 1 and 2. The lowest similarity reaching 35.412% recorded between stations 2 and 3. The Shanon - Weiner index of total Zooplankton varied from0.4to 2.5 bit/ind while the Shanon index of Rotifera from1.05 to 2.61 bit/Ind., Cladocera varied from 0.4to 1.38 bit/Ind. and Copeoda varied from 0.11 to 1.76 bit/Ind., The uniformity index of total Zooplankton varied from0.17 to 1.01and Rotifer varied from 0.4 to 0.9, Cladocera from 0.4 to 1 and Copeoda from 0.08 to 0.99 These high values indicate that there is no ecological stress on zooplankton in the study area
