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بريطانيا وايرلندا الحرة : دراسة في العلاقات السياسية 1939 - 1945 Britain And Free Ireland A Study In Political Relations 1939 - 1945

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: يوسف طه حسين القريشي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: فرقد عباس قاسم المياحي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: This dissertation aims at making the Arabs and researchers realize the major aspects of the British - Irish relations in most dangerous period, the Second World War. This study follows up the reasons behind the Irish state refusing of the British demands of the military facilities, especially the using of the Irish ports as well. Moreover, the study discusses the nature of political relations between Britain and Ireland during the Second World War and its effects on war.The study begin in 1939,because it is the year that witnessed the outbreak of the Second World War and at end in 1945 in which Hitler’s defeating in Europe. The study falls into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. In the first chapter the researcher sheds light on historical background of the British - Irish relations. This chapter focuses on the British occupation of Ireland from early time and the political developments of the relations between Britain and Ireland since the Irish independence up to September 1939.In the second chapter the researcher studies the British - Irish relations from the outbreak of the Second World War up to 1941.The researcher focuses on the Irish attitude towards the military developments of war since early time up to U.S.A. declaration of war against the Aix powers, the British efforts to get the military facilities from Ireland, and follows up the reasons behind the Irish state to refuse the British demands.The chapter three devoted to discuss the international developments and its results on the British - Irish relations from 1942 up to 1943.The researcher focuses on the U.S.A. efforts to improve the British - Irish relations, the Irish reactions on the landing of the American troops on the north Ireland, and the Irish resistance of the Allied demands of the putting up the propaganda and spy of the Aix powers in Ireland. Finally, this chapter deals with the Welch’s visiting to London and its effects on the British - Irish relations. The last chapter devotes to deal with the continuance of the British demands from 1943 up to 1945.The researcher tries to discuss the Irish resistance of the British demands on dismissing of the Aix diplomats from Ireland, the Irish attitude towards the last developments of war, the British demands not to grant asylum to war criminals of the Aix powers, and its demands to hand over the German detainees in Ireland.As for the conclusion, it is as a summary of the most important results that the researcher arrived it
الصفحات الاولى:

المشروع الالهي في الخلافة والسقيفة The Goddess Project In Al Khilafah And Saqeefah

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: جاسم حسن جابر الموسوي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: مصطفى جواد عباس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: A viewer to the reality of the Islamic nation may notice the high level of problems that aggravate and statuses that decline till reaching the killing of its people to each others; giving themselves the right to shed the blood of others using justifications that are unauthenticated by any other law or convention on Earth. Being distracted and servile to their enemies and using fake fatwa, they claim the victims to be unbelievers. Despite the fact that the Islamic nation possesses the factors of strength and the bases of development on the level of human resources, wealth, geography, history, religious and knowledge system; there is a fundamental case and a central problem that makes it unable to arise and proceed. This problem is the main reason for all what the nation suffers and it is inculcated in the conscience and existence of the nation. It is the dispute that busied the nation and made it feeble to overpass to deal with any other problem till it rotted all its structure and killed it. From the depths of suffering, arise the visions and cures through the unification of standards to reach some satisfactory results. From here comes the causes and objectives of this study as an abstract, daring and objective refinement to the reasons of the fundamental dispute in the history of the Islamic nation, its present and future. The dispute is represented by the incident of 'Al Saqeefah' along with the regimes it established, and the associations and shades it provided which had its influences and effects up to date.The researcher worked on the unification of the research approach between the two disputed parties through what is agreed upon from what is said, done and authorized by Prophet Mohammed (Allah blessings upon him and his A'll) along with the sound Soras of the Holy Quran for the purpose of standards unification and accept what agrees with them and reject what disagrees. The purpose here is to stay in line with the goddess project and not to give the judgmental projects a corona of holiness to show them in different pictures rather than their real pictures or to take them as religions and cut off any thought contradicting them. The researcher uses the analytic method for narrations and the accumulation of evidences for the incidents and subjects along with debate and conclusion. The researcher proposed his subject in three chapters; chapter one entitled 'The goddess project for the human being… its dimensions and goals; chapter two entitled 'Events pre - Saqeefah that is attached to Al Saqeefah incident' and finally the third chapter entitled 'The event of the martyr of Prophet Mohammad (Allah blessings upon him and his A'll) and the events of Al Saqeefah. The researcher concluded that the event of Al Saqeefah is a judgmental project that did not go the same direction as the goddess project and did not follow the parameters of the goddess project. On the contrary, it established new visions that are different from the visions of the goddess project and did not follow the goddess method through the separation between the Holy Quran and 'Al Etrah'; the two factors recommended by prophet Mohammad to grasp them tightly according to the collective viewpoint of the Islamic nation. Furthermore, the event of Al Saqeefah did not establish a clear - cut methodology in terms of politics and authority neither in economy. Every Khalifa has his own judgment which was different than his antecessor's till eventually we reached to an armed conflict amongst the comrades. The conflict developed with the feed of the political and financial authority of governors. Consequently the nations divided into different nations and parties and into different intellectual and sectarian schools clashing and considering the results of Al Saqeefah a red unapproachable line, despite the fact it is merely a judgment of the mistaken or a mistake of a judging entity, which is void of any legal document or any attribute from the Holy Quran or Sunnah. It was merely a claim that Quraish has made a choice which is a good one! So, let us take what is agreed upon and work on it and forget about our disputes and let us forgive each other because we cannot make any step forward unless being unified.
الصفحات الاولى:

الثورة المكسيكية 1910 - 1940 : دراسة تاريخية The Mexican Revolution 1910 - 1940 Historical Study

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: عقيل جعيز شمخي السهلاني
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم فنجان صدام الامارة
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Did not receive historical and political issues for countries the Americas interest academic studies in Iraq, except for the study of the history of the United States and positions on many issues around the world, to the United States from a broad relationships global position as a major country, so it remained date the Americas states unknown is not addressed to him only through the study of European history since the start of the geographical statements, because of the political weight of Europe in that era, and the strength of the ruling European households able to roots date manufactured in the Americas, and stuck to the lead in writing and drafted in accordance with the historical and the European political perspective. Given the changing political situation in the Americas as a result of the liberation movements of European colonialism, especially after the American War of Independence in 1776, linked the peoples of the Americas Association of law, citizenship and belonging and state sovereignty in a new way. This has resulted in all the new events and new variables from which emerged the new date as part independently of European history, and it became necessary to study the history completely independent way from what it was before independence. It is fitting that academic studies trending in Iraq toward areas and historical issues that has not received sufficient attention commensurate historical value new perspective, emphasizes the study of circumstances and experiences of these countries and the size of the similarity between them and the Arab states in the tragedy of division and retail inherited Arab and American countries of European colonization, including where Iraq. Before that democracy achieved in many American states, had to pass through several stages of the struggle, succeeded in some of them, and failed in others, but the struggle for democracy has never abated, it has witnessed the Americas in the early twentieth century revolutions several In order to achieve democracy was the most important subject of the study of the Mexican Revolution. The importance of this revolution back to several reasons, not necessarily called for the study was the most important. Historical extension of the revolution, because the revolution was the outcome of political and social developments and serious economic passed out of Mexico since the Spanish occupation in 1519 have until the fall of dictatorship under Broferrio Diaz in 1910 at the hands of Francisco Madero. That era that changed the moral concepts of the social level, and made Mexico ample vast American intervention at the political level, a cheap commodity and foreign investment in the market at the economic level. The Revolution the lead in advocating the values of socialism worldwide and the first missionary out, as it was the first revolution in the twentieth century has inspired a lot of American States freedom and independence, thus this would be a major historical turning point towards global socialism that has taken root quite the Bolshevik revolution in Russia and its ideology of Marxism in 1917, but the revolution in Mexico has not received as much attention is given to the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. The reason for this is the different ideological visions between the two revolutions, and the export of socialist principles mechanism for other countries, Russia has worked on the export of the socialist doctrine of the world, and Mexico provided only in the framework of American States. The length of time it took the Revolution, which lasted forty years, in which he expressed a continuing insistence of the Mexican people to aspire to freedom and to the establishment of a civil state based on democratic institutions. Mexico also saw a succession in which many governments because of the large number of political conflicts and growing competition in the access to the top of the pyramid of government in the state, as well as changes in the political arena of uprisings and rebellions and counter - revolutions. Permanent political conflict between Mexico and the United States because of the border overlap between the two countries, and the continuation of hatred between the two peoples, because remnants of the Mexican - American War 1846 - 1848, which manifested itself what is known as (b waiver Mexican) all from Texas, Florida and Chrinland to the United States, as well as US concerns Mexico from being sucked toward the socialist bloc led by the Soviet Union in the framework of the World Socialist capitalist race. The class struggle, who grew up under the dictatorship of Diaz, whose impact on the overall social relations in Mexico, which split the Mexican community and the jurisprudence of the two categories of workers, farmers, and gave rise to a lot of uprisings and revolts and strikes led to the result of dismembering the society which form difficult to contain conflicting attitudes in under the Mexican Revolution. So a lot of those so - revolution social revolution. Revolution split into two phases, the first armed struggle involved and spread within the period 1910 - 1920, the second is the stage of the reconstruction of Mexico from 1920 to 1940. And the size of the political challenges faced in the context of those eras. The aim of the study is to show the importance of this revolution, and the analysis of the roles that passed out politically, socially and economically, which crossed the whole for (unanimously for the birth of Mexico current), as well as the desire that this study be suitable to understand a lot of problems that are related to American history away ground import perceptions of Western literature and studies. Besides contributing to fill the vacuum in the Iraqi libraries studying this historic area. Was chosen in 1910, the beginning of the subject, because it is the year that was sparked by the revolution at the hands of Francisco Madero, and fell by the Government Breviro Diaz after thirty - four years of dictatorial rule passage, and your search is over in 1940 after the end of Cardenas rule which put an end to the end of the revolution, so Btamima Mexican oil and apply it the Law of Agrarian Reform and lay Constitution, which was founded on the jurisprudence of the modern Republic of Mexico and the handover of the National Revolutionary Party, which lasted for the next sixty years
الصفحات الاولى:

سياسة الولايات المتحدة الاميركية تجاه الهند (1964 - 1972) United State Of America Policy Toward India (1964 - 1972)

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: حيدر عبد العالي جبر
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: كاظم هيلان محسن السهلاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على اشرف الخلق اجمعين محمد المصطفى واله الطيبين الطاهرين......اما بعد...فان دراسة السياسة الخارجية الاميركية تحظى باهمية كبيرة في التاريخ الدولي المعاصر؛ لان فهم تلك السياسة اصبح ضرورة ملحة؛ نظرا لكونها تشكل القطب | The study tries to study an important topic which is related to the international relation ,more specifically it is American - Indian relations. After Indian gained its independence in 1947, it endeavored to build her bases foreign policy to ensure its independence and to prevent itself from any external interference detrimental, especially after the beginning of the cold war between to main poles United States and Soviet Union.In that period the events an any place of the world had affected by this relation between tow poles in way or Another the cold war synchronized within India's independence, so it endeavored to keep its independence by following neutrality policy. Then talk about the thesis of American - Indian relations in the era of President Nixon and Johnson during the period 1964 - 1972oukd Tenth three ministers and heads of Indians are Jawaharlal Nehru، Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi varied according to the United Alaqtbalolayat international circumstances and the problems faced by India.The study divided the five chapters and an introduction and a conclusion, with supplements, and the first chapter titled stages of the American political evolution, and was divided into two sections presidents first dealt with the concept of foreign policy of the United States to recognize the historical context of the concept, while the second section focused on the mechanisms American political decision - making. As for the second chapter, which came titled US policy toward India 1947 - 1964 he served as an introductory chapter indispensable gives a clear and focused on US policy for the period that preceded the duration of the study image, has been divided into four topics Head first section dealt with the strategic importance of India for US policy, while highlighted the second section highlights the Indian - American political relations, has been highlighted and adequately on the nature of those relationships during the Eisenhower and Kennedy, while singled out the third section of the policy of the United States economic toward India, and in this study were addressed this aspect something detail; to understand its importance in American policy tools. The fourth section, which dealt with the position of the United States towards the Indian foreign conflicts, this section included three axes Axis I touched on US policy toward India - Pakistan conflict over Kashmir state, indicating the most prominent positions Washington from that conflict and the other Axis Turning to the US position on the Sino - Indian war in 1962, which saw the US support and clear the Indian side and the third axis focused on the United States 'position in the Indian conflict - Portuguese on "Goa" region (Goa) 1961, highlighting the United States' position from that conflict and its reflection on the US - India relations. While the Third chapter focused on political Johnson to internal developments in India 1964 - 1968 This chapter section on the three sections Head as eating the first part, the Johnson administration's position on the pay Shastri - Andrigandhi prime minister of India, and in this section the focus was to see the position of Washington political changes after the death of Nehru, and how to deal with these variables, while the second section focused on Johnson's policy toward Indian food crisis of 1965 - 1967, and finally focused on the position of the third section of the Johnson administration to developments in the Indian nuclear file 1964 - 1968. While highlighted in the fourth chapter on the attitudes of mutual countries towards key issues such as the Indian armament issues that separated in the first section of this chapter, and devoted the second topic to talk about the Indian position on the Vietnam issue and its impact on their relationship with the United States, while the third section focused on US position from the second Kashmir war in 1965. The final chapter has focused on Nixon's policy towards India 1969 - 1972 has been divided into four first Investigation eat the nature of American - Indian relations during the period above, while the second topic of Indian - Soviet relations and their impact on US relations, and the third on the Nixon administration's position on the repercussions Bengali crisis and, finally, the fourth section focused on the US position of the outbreak of the 1971 India - Pakistan war.The study was based on a number of diverse sources, which published documents formed the basic source material for scientific material, these documents have supported the basic references, by people who were directly related to the events.Finally, I hope that I have been successful in my modest knowledge of the extent commensurate with the subject of the study, and it may be that I have been able to prepare an academic study draws in that period of American policy toward India landmarks.
الصفحات الاولى:

مشكلة المان السوديتفي تشيكوسلوفاكيا 1938 - 1946 Sudeten Germans Problem In Czechoslovakia 1938 - 1946

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: علي عبود محمد
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: فرقد عباس قاسم المياحي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: This research dealt with the problem of Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia from the conference of Munich of 1938 up to 1946. This topic is very important. This research divided into introduction, preface, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction dealt with the historical background of the Sudeten Germans - Czech relations from early times up to September 1938.The first chapter focused on the conference of Munich of 1938 and its effects on the Sudeten Germans problem, establishment of the second state of Czechoslovakia, the attitude of Sudeten Germans towards the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1939,the Czech political efforts in exile to get a recognition of the great powers of the Czech new state in exile, and their efforts to persuade the Great powers to deportation of Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovakia after the end of war. The Second chapter discussed the problem of Student Germans from March 1945 up to May 1945.This chapter explained the liberation of Czechoslovakia by Soviet and American troops, and its effects on the Sudeten Germans in Czechoslovakia. The chapter dealt with the attitude of new Czech state towards the Sudeten Germans during this period. The third chapter discussed the problem of Sudeten Germans from June 1945 up to 1946.This period witnessed operations of deportation of Sudeten Germans by Czech peoples and government. The chapter dealt with the Potsdam conference and its effects on the Sudeten Germans
الصفحات الاولى:

قاعدة ويلس واثرها في العلاقات الامريكية الليبية 1951 - 1970 Wheelus Military Base And Its Effect Upon Libyan American Relations 1951 - 1970

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: اكرام حسن كامل الكعبي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم فنجان صدام الامارة
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Wheelus Military Base and its Effect upon Libyan - American Relations 1951 - 1970.The Wheelus Military base has been considered as one of the most important bases in the American strategic considerations since its location has a strategic importance relative to other American bases in the Middle East and Europe. Further, this base has enjoyed increasing significance in respect to the rising tension between the United States and Soviet Union during the cold war. Accordingly, Keeping the presence of American power in that base has taken an essential domain in its policy towards Libya in particular and the Middle East in general. Thus, this work is conducted for an attempt to shed light on the importance of this base in exposing the relations between America and Libya and showing its impact on the region where Al - Nasitisin and its national trend have been rising clearly and it has affected Arabic public opinion supported by the Soviet Union. The thesis is choosing 1951 as a starting point for discussion since this period declared Libyan Independence and it made a pact with the United States focusing on managing the American presence in that base. In addition, 1970 is considered the end of the period being argued in this work for it represents the American withdrawal from the base.The work consists of an introduction, preliminaries and four chapters besides a conclusion. In the preliminaries, the Italia occupation against Libya in 1911 is preliminaries, the Italia occupation against Libya in 1911 is presented and discussed. That occupation had established an airport in 1923 near Trebles sued for repressing the public resistance, and how this airport became the American control during the Second World War. Also, this chapter includes a discussion about the American interest in this airport after the war and about how America was managing it till 1951 when The United States supported Libyan independence in the United Nations on the basis of holding a pact aiming at its guaranteed existence in the airport which Iately became known as Wheelus Base.The first chapter devoted to explain the Importance of the Base in U.S. - Libyan relations and Its effect in renewal it (1951 - 1954), and the talks that held about it and its renewal in 1954. The second chapter that entitled (the effect of Base in U.S - Libyan relations between 1955 - 1969. We dealt also with the increasing of importance of the Base in close relations between U.S. and Libya 1955 - 1964. We dealt with coolness of U.S. - Libyan relations as well.The third chapter interested in the popular position in Libya towards the Base.We explained the impact on the U.S. - Libyan Relations till 1969. It explained also the impact of Nassir's Speech on foreign bases in Libya, and Its effect in inflammation this situation. The four chapter entitled ((Wheelus Base and the U.S. - Libyin Relations after 1969 Coup detet 1969 - 1970)) concerned with the negotiations between the two parties that led to evacuate the base
الصفحات الاولى:

مصلحة الموانئ العراقية 1958 - 1963 : دراسة تاريخية لفعاليات دوائرها وانجازاتها في ضوء مجلة الموانئ A Historical Study Of The Activities, Achievement And Department Of Iraqiport Corporation From 1958 To 1963 In The Light Of Al - Mawani Magazine

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: فادية يعكوب يوسف
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: كاظم باقر علي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Iraqi Port Corporation from 1958 to 1963 : A Historical Study The study deals with the activities, achievements and various departments of Iraqi Port Corporation (IPC). The study consists of an introduction and analysis to the references consulted. It sheds light, also, on the magazine which was published by IPC after the revolution of July 14, 1958. The magazine covered the different activities of IPC. Editors specified a peculiar approach from the first day of publication to the cancellation of the magazine after the coup of February 8, 1963. The magazine is considered as an important reference that identifies the achievements of the IPC because it depends on the archive of the corporation which is full of important documents. It was considered as an encyclopedia because it tacked different topic in literature, sport and culture in general. The contributors wrote on different topics as translations of Aramaic poetry and English poetry.Chapter Two tackles the achievements of IPC like salary increase and supplying suitable housing for the employees; Chapter Three covers daywages workers. Those people were not well paid unlike contractors who used to hire them who received the highest charge. Chapter Four deals with the sport achievement of Port Sport Club as the pioneer club in the area. It was responsible for the development of sport activities of IPC and for setting up different types of sport activities especially in football, basketball, volleyball, body building and weight lifting. The study has arrived at some conclusions which can be concluded in the following : 1 - IPC was a British foundation in terms of administration and organization.2 - IPC witnessed remarkable expansion and development from 1915 to 1917 and from 1941 to 1945 due to the world wars. 3 - IPC witnessed a drastic development after the 1958 revolution when General Mizhir Al - Shawi became DG of the corporation. He exerted a remarkable effort to develop IPC. One of his achievements was the layoff of all British employees.4 - IPC provided different services to the employees when General Al - Shawi provided suitable housing to all the staff.5 - Parallel to his achievements at the level, Al - Shawi was keen to develop and improve the reputation of IPC at the international level by providing the beat service to the ships.6 - Platform workers were provided with the best equipment that played a vital role in the development of their work. 7 - Workshops for maintenance were established during the era of Al - Shawi.8 - Sport activities were strongly supported by DG of the corporation at that time Mr. Al - Shawi.
الصفحات الاولى:

الملاحة في الانهر العراقية وموقف القبائل العراقية العربية منها 1869 - 1914 The Navigation In Iraq Rivers And The Position Of The Iraqi Arabian Tribes, From It During 1869 - 1914

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: فراس ابراهيم حميد التميمي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: حسين علي المصطفى
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: There is no doubt that God specialized Iraq with many characteristics that are not found at many states. So they followed many rivers and the people took their navigable agriculture and trade roads. Each country had its own geographical position that had its features but the role of that position was dangerous in history such as Iraq. Iraq is away between west and east and it occurred in the center of the Islamic world. Iraq is called as Mesopotamia because of the presence of Tigris and Euphrates, where their presence and the integration of Iraqi man had great role of Iraqi civilization since the ancient times, as well as their use for transporting goods form north of Iraq to the south. The concern startled with divagation in Iraqi rivers arguments since many centuries and this is confirmed by the archaeological waste and old Iraqi blogs. The water ways were the main means to transport people and good for ancient Iraqi people. the reason behind the wide spread of using this means is the presence water wags in Mesopotamia and easiness of using them. Wherever less using of these roads, the rivers wags helped the Iraqi people to use them for many purposes in their military and commercial uses, where information military indicates. most of the military and commercial activities that made by the Iraqi people in that time, they were using ships of their cities like Akd Babylon and Ur, and this is why the Iraqi kings concerned with navigation because of its important role in enhancing their military and capacities since the year 572 BC. The King Nebuchadnezzar had cleared the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and the canals had been built to simplify the navigation in the two rivers and made them good for relive the ships that came from the Arab gulf. The nineteenth - century was a turning point in the history of Iraq in general and in particular the commercial transporting in particular especially the navigation rivers that the age was the early beginning of the commercial transporting in Iraq. This significantly contributed to fulfil the interests in the development of river navigation, and as a result it was enjoyed by Iraqi strategic location between the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Gulf. The incidence transport on the road to India whereby in Iraq during the past third and fourth of the nineteenth century the process of scanning the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and proved those. However, operations validity River Tigris navigation mandate of Med hat Pasha of Iraq being of contributed navigation an important role in the development of economic and social conditions in Iraq, with the opening of the Suez Canal and enter the modern transportation led to the occurrence of significant shifts in the Iraqi economy in the forefront of growth and expansion of the movement of internal and external trade.the navigation in Iraq collapsed with the emergence of some of the new Iraqi cities along the Tigris River in particular.this has been become a being of areas where ships stop river transport companies, such as the castle town Salah and other cities. the importance of navigation in those rivers in Iraq was for Iraqi Tribes dwelling on the banks of rivers attitude no matter which was Petard hatha continuing on vessels operating in the collapsed The terms were behind those exposures are a number of reasons it was the first of the policy by the Ottoman authorities so those tribes started to make exposure to commercial vessels as it has taken this technique as a tool. pressure on the Ottoman authorities for the purpose of reconsidering its policy direction of the clans, or use Britain as a tool to pressure the government of the Ottoman when they are on British ships, was also one of the reasons the ongoing conflicts between the tribes themselves, so the authorities tried to Ottoman and British all means to gain the trust of the elders clan or resort to force if necessary to end the exposures clan and punished.
الصفحات الاولى:

الصراع الاندونيسي - الماليزي 1962 - 1966 The Indonesian - Malaysian Conflict 1962 - 1966

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: فاطمة جاسم محمد الخزاعي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: كاظم هيلان محسن السهلاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The present thesis deals with a fundamental historical topic represented in the Indonesian - Malaysian conflict 1962 - 1966. The researcher has made a careful approach and offered an objective diagnosis of the main causes and consequences of such conflict. The choice of this topic was motivated by the regional importance of the area which Indonesia and Malaysia occupy in Asia itself and for the international interests. The present research endeavored to identify how the confrontation was originated and developed. Sabah and Sarawak islands were the centre of the confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia and the underlying conflict between the Socialism - Imperialism cold in south - east Asia. The significance of the time duration is justified by the fact that 1962 represents the announcement of the Malaysian Union which includes Malayan Union, Singapore, Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak. In addition to this, 1962 was the year in which the Indonesian Opposition was formed to counteract the union. On the other end, 1966 was the end date for such conflict upon signing a peace treaty between Indonesia and Malaysia after Sukarno was dethroned and the coming of Suharto to the deck. Indonesia recognized Sabah and Sarawak islands as Malaysian territory. The present thesis was structured purposefully as follows : The introductory chapter encapsulated a brief introduction on the main topic, the reason of the choice of the topic, the methodology of the research and a brief analysis of the available references. This chapter also presents the reader with a geographical analysis of the south - east Asia , especially Indonesia and Malaysia. It also traces the nature of the historical relations between the Malaysian states and Indonesia as well as the Indonesian - Malawian relations prior to the formation of the Malaysian Union between (1945 - 1961). Chapter 2 elaborates on the efforts being undertaken in forming the Malaysian Union in addition to the opposition of Brunei Sultanate in 1962. Chapter 3 came to enunciate a comprehensive definition for the Confrontation Policy in and Malaysian Union formation in 1963. There were various reactions towards the formation of such union at the international level. This chapter explores the steps of the Malaysian union in the 16th of July, 1963 and the regional positions towards it. Chapter 4 is dedicated to develop a clear perspective on the position held by the United States towards the Indonesian - Malaysian conflict in 1964. Chapter 5 underlines the separation of Malaysia and the Indonesian - Malaysian relations during the period between 1965 - 1966. The present study came up with a number of conclusions and suggestions for further research projects to take the subject matter further on the reason why Indonesia failed to prevent the formation of the Malaysian union despite its opposition and the military conflict which last for 4 years
الصفحات الاولى:

السيدة فاطمة المعصومة عليها السلام : دراسة تاريخية

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: نازك نعيم عبد الحسن البهادلي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: نزار عزيز حبيب الخاقاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The research has tackled her majesty - alsayda Fatima Almasomma - from a historical point of view. Actually it likes any biography belongs The Prophet Mohammad 's Family since it necessarily illustrates a part of The Islamic Message and the pure religion of Mohammad. The importance of this research comes from it has tackled the life of a lady had a respected place among the Prophet 's sons. It is Alsayda Fatima Almasomma - the daughter of The Imam Mose Ibn Jaffar Alkadhim ( peace be on them ) and a sister to Imam Ali Aladha ( peace on him). The significance of this lady comes also from the fact that she represents an evidence for the Abassian tyranny against The Ali race and especially against the thought which represented the leadership. This tyranny which started fristy from the Imam himself and his close relatives and lastly to further person believed in this thought even if. It seemed suitable to divide the research plan into four chapters , an end and appendixes , the first chapter contains four search focus in which we have tackled the family race of alsayda Masomma , her name , sure name and the titles she had acquired because these topics has got many signs to ensure the high position she were in among The Ali Family. In the second chapter , we have searched the social affair. It composed of two parts - one to explain the social position and about Masomma 's brother who had been rejected as well as those who had been highly appreciated depends on the sure tales which were narrated on the leaders (imams) while the other is signified for the position of Alsayda Mosomma and what she acquired of care by the leader recommended (Almasomain ). The search is also tackled why she was unmarried. The third chapter has tackled the scientific position for Alsayda Mosomma. It contains three points of view - one searched on the woman and the tales narration , it also explained the condition which had affected on the woman tales narration. while the second studied Mosomma and the science , the tales she has told and spread by the narration schools on several Islmic doctrines. the latter is focused on the studing of Alsayda Mosomma in the tale and man (biographical)books.. The fourth chapter has tackled the political events that Alsayda Mosomma lived in. It composed of two parts - one tackled The Alwain emigration and explained its reasons and results , the other studied the emigration of Alsayda Mosommato Khorasan and the reasons which made her leave Almadadiana and went to Persia , her arrival to Qoom city and her highly explained the glorious place she is in
الصفحات الاولى:

روايات دلائل النبوة قبل البعثة : دراسة تحليلية نقدية Tales Of Prophecy Evidence Before The Mission An Analytic Critical Study

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: اكرم سعود حاجم
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: علـي غانم جثير
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2013
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The directories ( evidences) of the prophecy of the Prophet Muhammad (Allah’s blessing and peace be on him and his family) took an important space at the books of biography, We almost find them in all sources. But some scientists like Al - termthi , Bayhaqi , Abi Naim and al - Mawardi and others, have classified private books about the subject, named Indications (Dalaa’l ) or Flags of prophecy (A’laam Al - neboua’) - Discussed those particular directories - most of these books had just listed those recitals randomly without analysis or verification of authenticity. Their main task was to collect and save what was stated in the effects, and the ways in which and through it the recital had arrived, they sent us the historical material as raw material, leaving the task of investigation, analysis and investigation to the historians who come after them. We notice that these directories came into two sections : the first section of which was before the mission ( the Prophet’s mission),The second section was then ( after the mission ), and here we are to study the first section which relates to what it was before the mission ,to focus and highlight on the basics and the possibility of occurrence. In the most recitals about the Prophet's life before the mission was generally little , compared to what is stated for his life later. They talk about the long intervals of his life , but did not hear what was between - his birth to the revelation ( The Divine inspiration) - only a small fraction, and was what it relates of indications ,and much has been classified under this Title - The indications of the prophecy - have combined under a lot of news and stories that need to be screening to know and distinguish the strong or correct recitals from the weak or wrong recitals in the statement of the biography of the most important and the greatest man in history. The work in this research is to examine what came in the recitals about the indications of prophecy before the mission from different aspects, and trial the recitals that fall under this heading to what is in our hands from supporters or opposition, hoping to reach the result produced convincing us the results of this study.This search contained an introduction , three chapters and a conclusion. In Introduction we explain the importance of studying the Prophet's life and the nature of knowing its historical sources, which recitals have listed without analysis or merely simple comments do not fit the importance of the subject.Especially those which related to indications of prophecy before the mission, and then explained the way in which we will deal with recitals. After this Introduction , the first chapter ( Al - Bisharaat), in it we have begun to determine the topic of the research and then we divide it into three sections : In the first , we discussed the indications to the prophets that another prophet will come ( prophets’ Bisharaat) , while addressing the second part the indications to the people of the book that another prophet will come (people of the book’s Bisharaat) and the third part handled the Arabs monotheists ' Bisharat. The second chapter ( The visions and The predictions of soothsayers) which is also on the two themes : The first topic singled with visions, while the second section dealt with predictions of soothsayers. Chapter three ( The Miracles and AL - irhasaat) , was in two sections ,the first dealt with Miracles that may be were before the prophet’s mission and the second dealt with the Prophet's Miracle ( AL - irhasaat) - . Then we proved in the Conclusion the observations and the results that came out of research on these directories.In all cases, the conclusions of the historical researcher remain just relatively Facts. We ask Allah that we have been successful in the raised and discussed. Praise be to Allah, God of the Worlds
الصفحات الاولى:

العثمانية : دراسة تاريخية في الاتجاهات السياسية والميول الفكرية حتى سنة 60هـ

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: عبد المنعم عبد الجبار علي جعفر
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: ابراهيم جدوع محسن السلمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2013
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

احوال اليهود في بولندا خلال الاحتلال الالماني 1939 - 1944م The Conditions Of Jews In Poland Through The German Occupation 1939 - 1944

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: محمد قاسم علوان البهادلي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: فوزي خلف شويل
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2012
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تناول هذه الدراسة موضوع تاريخي مهم، يتمثل في احوال اليهود في بولندا خلال الاحتلال الالماني (1939 - 1944). وتركزت اهمية الموضوع في تحليل طبيعة السياسة التي انتهجها قادة اليهود البولنديين في تعاملهم مع المحتلين الالمان واثر ذلك على السكان اليهود والمجتمع البو | This study addressed the topic of important historical, It is the conditions of the Jews in Poland during the German occupation (1939 - 1944). The importance of the subject centered in the analysis of the nature of the policy that pursue it by the leaders of the Polish Jews in their dealings with the German occupiers and its impact on the Jewish population and the Polish society in general, and clarify the behavior patterns and their intellectual transformations, and political, ideological dimensions associated with German policy. As well as clarify attitude the parties and organizations of the Jewish and the Jewish population in dealing with these, response, rejection, and adaptable, as well as know closely on the nature of the racist behavior of systems and laws of the German occupation and the extent of its impacts on the Jewish population in Poland, and how power and influence of the international attitude.The study was divided into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter show conditions of Jews in Poland the economic, social, cultural, educational and political under the Second Polish Republic (1918 - 1939).Second Chapter Studied German occupation policy toward the Jews in Poland in the domain of political, economic, health and the circumstances that led to the formation of the Poilsh - Jewish councils and practices it of the policy of occupation against the Jewish population and the role of the Jewish police in that during (1939 - 1942). The third chapter addressed across four researches of Jewish insurgency movement that objection to policies Council and the Jewish police, then limited this role on a small group of Jews in 1943, whose did not welcome popularly, and attitude the power of occupation from the rebels Jews such as close the Warsaw Ghetto and so on. The third research discussed the role of the Polish ghettos except the Warsaw Ghetto in the armed movement against the German occupation. The fourth research the attitude of the Polish government in exile of the conditions of Jews in Poland.The fourth Chapter addressed destiny Polish Jews after the end of the ghettos, and clarify the role of the Polish underground to help Jews escapees whose hiding in the forests and cities that they thought it that safe from occupation, and studied the third research the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, to be this research pioneer the third research which dealt with the role Jews in the Warsaw Uprising then it did not notice the desired role despite Polish support to Jews during rebellion April, 1943. The conclusion focused on the most important conclusions that output from the study.
الصفحات الاولى:

نور الدين الحلبي : دراسة تحليلية في كتابه انسان العيون في سيرة الامين المامون Noor Al - Dean Al - Halabi And His Book "Insan Al - Oyon Fi Searat Al - Amean Al - Ma'Moon

المصادر:
اسم المؤلف: دنيا عبد علي الشمري
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
الملخص:
اسم المشرف: علـي غانم جثير
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2013
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

المولدات الكهربائية في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في الجغرافية الصناعية Electricity Generators In Basrah Province (A Study In The Geography Of Power)

اسم المؤلف: شروق طالب عبد الوهاب
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Power is the back bone for modern civilization. Moreover, it is the vital element for agriculture, industry and prosperity. Iraqi citizens have suffered a lot because of fluctuation of power which is supplied. This has pushed people to look for different alternatives. One of these is using power generators which are considered now as inseparable part of modern life in Iraq in general and in Basrah in particular. Still, this solution is regarded by many people as insufficient and negative solution which is imposed by the security conditions that the country has experienced. The solution actually has some advantages in providing power to fill the gaps of the programmed cuts but the use of these generators has also some disadvantages. It is supposed that after the embargo and the political change, things would change and this phenomenon would shrink and decline with time and the improvement of the network. What happens in reality is that the deterioration is still going on the main power supply. Actually, there is a shortage of research concerning this topic and we are not exaggerating in saying that this is the first and only study on this topic at the level of departments of Geography at the Iraqi universities. The study aim at revealing the real situation of using power generators in Basrah Province. The study consists of six chapters : Chapter One introduces the importance of electricity power, its use and how it is imported to the country and to Iraq. In addition, it defined what is meant by generators and where they are used in Arab countries.Chapter Two deals with the economic and geographic factors that lead to the use of these generators i.e., temperature, wind, rain, fuel, land, water, population, marketing, income, capital, transportation, governmental policy and power supply system.Chapter Three covers the classification of these generators according to property and popwer in relation to sectors in addition to the geographic distribution of these generators. Among the districts of the province.Chapter Four tackles power production from stations in Basrah. It also tackles the production of power by the generators and the geographic distribution in relation to the different districts of the province.Chapter Five covers the consumption of the power of the generators and the geographic distribution in addition to the properties of this consumption.Chapter Six deals with the problems of these generators
الصفحات الاولى:

التمثيل الخرائطي لمظاهر التصحر في محافظة البصرة باستخدام تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية Cartographic Representation Of Aspects Of Desertification For Basrah Governorate Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Systems Technology

اسم المؤلف: عمار عبد الرحيم حسين المندلاوي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر حسن عداي كرم الله
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: اعتمدت الدراسة تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد (R.S) ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) في تمثيل مظاهر التصحر في محافظة البصرة على مدى الاربعين سنة الماضية (1973 - 2013)، ومحافظة البصرة من المحافظات العراقية ذات الاهمية الاستراتيجية، تقع جنوب العراق بين دائــرتـي عرض(2 | The study deals with the Remote Sensing techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS) in the representation of the manifistications of desertification in Basra province through the last forty years (1973 - 2013). of course , Basra province has an important strategic location amang other Iraqi province , for its situation is between latitudes (29? 6? 21? &31? 16? 45?) north and longitudes (46? 43? 33? &48? 37? 31?)to the east rond (17700 km2). As it includes wide plane lands and untapped often faced by a series of geographic factors which have led to desertification of the various forms of soil desertification. The study used sensors data (MSS , TM and LDCM) of the American Artificiat sat (Land Sat) , as well as using Sat data (Quick Bird 2 ) for three images Sattelite for the years (1973, 1990 and 2013) to determine the manifestications of desertification and the most important development which changes by analyzing the reflective properties spectral features floor of the study area visually and mechanically. The study relied an several indexs in the study and controlling aspects of desertification index (SI) for the study of soil salinity index (EMI) to measure wind erosion index (NDVI) for measuring the intensity of natural plant and other indexs cover , all of which show that the total desertified area in Basra province was (3156.2 km2) in 1973 it rose to (4714.6 km2) in 1990 and increases to (7803.3 km2) in 2013 to the appearance of salinity and wind erosion only sand and dunes. Matching Cartographic reveal the complex process (appropriate spatial) that natural factors played amajor role in increasing the desertified area Basra province suffers from desertification in general and particularly in Western divisions.
الصفحات الاولى:

التحليل المكاني للخدمات التعليمية والصحية في مدينة الزبير : دراسة في جغرافية المدن Spatial Analysis Of Educational And Health Services In The City Of Zubayr : A Study In Urban Geography

اسم المؤلف: صفا رحيم مفتن العبودي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: جغرافية المدن
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: التحليل المكاني للخدمات التعليمية والصحية في مدينة الزبير رسالة ماجستير تبحث في تباين التوزيع المكاني للخدمات التعليمية والصحية ومستوى كفاءتها في المدينة التي تتكون من (26) حي سكني توزعت عليه 3روضات و95 مدرسة ابتدائية و(38) مدرسة ثانوية ومعهد المعلمين ومه | This study, which is entitled "Spatial Analysis of Educational and Health Services in the Zubayr City : A Study in Urban Geography" examines the disparity of the spatial distribution of educational and health services and the level of efficiency of these services in the city, which consists of 26 residential neighborhoods, containing three kindergartens, 95 primary schools and 38 High School and the Institute for Preparing Teachers and one vocational school.About the health services the city include single hospital , 9health centers , single public clinic , clinics for health insurance , single special center , group of clinics,pharmacies and special laboratories.The disparity in the distribution of these services indicates that the city has not achieved the required level in performing those services yet. And this results in a lot of challenges which are reflected on people in the study area.The study stems from a basic concept, which is that educational and health services are very important and essential element in the life and progress of any country in the world, especially the developing countries, because the great majority of people are in bad need for these services.The study of spatial distribution of such services is one of the things that are performed by planning in order to develop these services and increase their effectiveness and making them accessible to the majority of the population. The study, eventually, tries to visualize the future of those services in the city of Zubayr in order to make them more efficient and effective by 2020The study contains 48 maps, 78 tables, 7 figures in addition to the appendices, a Bibliography and the summary in English.The study concludes that there is a shortage and an imbalance in the distribution of the services covered by the study, what affect the efficiency of these services and deprives neighborhoods of these services in addition to great difficulties faced by the beneficiaries in getting these services.The study proved that the spatial distribution of educational and health services in the city of Zubayr is inefficient. Therefore, some maps were prepared to show the failure in distributing of these services due to the accurate Standards of planning.
الصفحات الاولى:

مناطق العوز البيئي والصحي في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية البيئة والصحة Environmental And Health Destitution Areas In Basrah City : Study In Environmental And Health Geography

اسم المؤلف: معد داود جاسم الربيعي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: امال صالح عبود الكعبي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تناول الدراسة تحديد مناطق العوز البيئي والصحي ومستوياته في مدينة البصرة وذلك من خلال قراءة مكانية لبعض المعطيات المرتبطة بالبيئة الحضرية وقياس كفاءة خدمات مراكز الرعاية الصحية لاولية. بالاضافة الى انتشار الامراض الانتقالية في المدينة. حيث تناولت الدراسة ا | This research deals with determination of the environmental and health destitution areas in Basrah city and their levels. This is through spatial investigations for some data related with the urban environment first. Also Measuring the efficiency of primary health care centers second.In addition to spread of communicable diseases in the city. On the basis of the above mentioned factors, the study was built from four chapters. The first , clarify the historical development of primary health care centersand municipal Services such as Cleaning , quality of liquefaction water and sewage services.The second chapter discussed some environmental problems which are facing the city population like a household waste, contamination of drinking water and the collapse of the sewerage network. Oslo it deals with the environmental variables such as population crowding, housing space, the type of construction material, home garden. As for the third chapter included the analysis of the health setting in the city through the measurement of the efficiency of health centers based on local health standards.With respect to the fourth chapter , it classified the environmental and health destitution areas into several levels. In addition to the most important social and economic characteristics that could contribute to the growing phenomenon of environmental and health destitution in the city. The study came up with a number of results represented as follows : - Most (98.5%) of Basrah city population is within the scope of the environmental destitution. However, there are spatial variation in environmental destitution among the areas of the city, which was the result of a difference to the shortfall in the efficiency of the environmental indicators prevailing in each area of the city. - All areas of the city are within the health destitution, according to the health status indicators mentioned earlier. In the light of the criteria under which were identified the areas of health destitution areas in the city. But there is a spatial disparity in the health destitution levels , which was the result of a difference for the shortfall in the efficiency of health indicators, which is practiced in every neighborhood of the city of the Basrah city. - A set of economic and social factors have contributed to the growing phenomenon of environmental and health destitution in the city such as education, soccupation and monthly income rates
الصفحات الاولى:

التحليــل الجغـرافـي لمعامل تعبئة الغاز ومحطات الوقود في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة Geographical Analysis Of Gas Filling Plants And Fuel Stations In Basra Province (Study At Industrial Geography)

اسم المؤلف: اسحاق نمر عبد الحسين
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The marketing of liquid gas has a great importance at present time as a result of its roles in different aspects of life. The daily need of fuel had led to the increased demand of petroleum products for their various uses in industrial, commercial, and domestic fields. Such products represent the most significant factors reflecting economic and social conditions in any society, in addition to the degree of its improvement and development. From that angle comes the importance of this research which aims at detecting the reality of the spatial distribution of filling plants and fuel stations being the most familiar marketing facilities of petroleum industry in Basra Province. The research also aims at exploring the factors affecting the distribution of such facilities and the environmental impacts on surrounding atmospheres. The study results showed that the distribution of the mentioned marketing facilities is adequate with population density at administrative units. Also, there appears to be a group of factors affecting their distribution; among them are natural factors like climate conditions among others, while other factors are epidermal like population, transportation routes, and governmental interference.The current study is made of four chapters. The first of which deals with the historical development of gas filling plants and fuel stations, which reflects its continuous increase to suit population growth since the middle of 1900s till our current time in a proportional manner and to cover local daily need of such products necessary to life. The second chapter in concerned with the functional performance of plants and stations within the geographical area of Basra on accordance with natural and epidermal factors contributing to their establishment and improvement, provided that the current study is the first to examine this crucial facilities in Basra. The third chapter concerns the classification of such facilities according to different bases like ownership, required manpower, and their capacities. In addition to that, it sheds the light on their spatial distribution by using normative degrees as an accurate statistical method showing their disparity in administrative units related to Basra with reference to population count and economic activity. Also, the correlation coefficient refers to differences of factors affecting such distribution, like population size, the distance from supplying sources, transportation routes, etc. Then comes the fourth chapter which is dedicated to detect monthly and annual supply sources and rates of factories represented by South Oil Company which in turn represents about 60 - 70 % of the liquid gas quantities supplied in the Province, while the rate of the second supplying source represented in Basra Refinery is about 30 - 40 % only, because the gas produced therewith is a subsequent of refining operations. As for the process of supplying stations with fuel, it is made clear that all stations working in Basra receive daily supply according to weekly - organized plans to determine quantities of each station and supplying port with reference to importance and geographical location. The Study shows the presence of several problems affecting the work mechanism of these important marketing facilities. Among them are problems with factories and stations, like vaporization and the lack of power supply, as well as other problems of facilities resulting from pollution and other reasons. The most important results of the study show that all filling plants and fuel stations acting in Basra are controlled by a weekly supply plans organized by Gas Filling Company and Oil Products Distribution Company on accordance with the importance and geographical location of each plants and stations. In addition, the study shows the spatial misdistribution of filling plants and fuel stations, as some plants and stations are seen to have density in certain administrative unit while others are not. As example, the centers of Al - Zubair and Abu Al - Khaseeb territories are characterized with the density of gas filling plants and fuel stations; as three plants for each and on the rate of 21,42 %, in addition to 11 and 12 fuel stations on the rate of 31,25 % and 14,45 % for each respectively. On the other hand, the center of Midaina territory and nearby areas (Ezz Al - Din and Al - Sadeq) are empty of filling plants despite the high population density. This matter requires the rely upon the filling plant in Qurnah territory, which is the main source of covering local consuming need of the two territories.
الصفحات الاولى:

التركيب التعليمي لسكان قضاء المدينة The Educational Structure Of The Population Of The Medina

اسم المؤلف: محمد سجاد عبد محسن
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: لاشك ان التعليم بجوانبه المتعددة يعد من اهم ركائز التنمية البشرية وابرز مؤشراتها، وهو حجر الاساس لرقي وتقدم الشعوب، فضلا عن كونه الركن الاهم القادر على خلق وبناء العناصر البشرية المؤهلة لاستغلال الموارد الطبيعية التي لا تكفل تحقيق التنمية بمعزل عن وجود ال | There is no doubt that education with its multiple aspects is one of the most important human development pillars and the leading indicators, which is the foundation stone for the advancement and progress of peoples, as well as being the most important corner of the capability of creating and building qualified human resources for the exploitation of natural resources which do not ensure development in isolation from the presence of capable and qualified human element to exploit those resources optimally. The research aims to identify an important characteristic. The most important characteristics of the population is the educational status which is one of the main indicators of the extent of the community's awareness and intellectual maturity, and the extent of his awareness of the importance of education, the study addressed the gender and age combination and environmental distribution of the population and then spatial variation of illiteracy and subsidence and infiltration as well as the reality of Education with judiciary, and the subject of the enrollment to Education and then Relative distribution of the population at various stages of education, starting from the case of illiteracy and ending with the postgraduate studies at the level of the judiciary as a whole and at the level of provincial units. The study also linked the status of education with demographic indicators, other economic indicators such as fertility , occupation and the relationship with each other and then this relation was tested by a factor of Spearman correlation. The last chapter of the study came to the most influential variables in the educational structure of the population of the city and the search for contrast factors among the administrative units of judiciary and the spatial relations that explain this discrepancy and explains these changes and studying the temporal difference in the educational structure and the knowledge of the change in the educational structure of the population that happened between the years (1997 and 2014) of the studying area, especially after the wars and the economic blockade. The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach supported by statistical tactics to detect the spatial variation of the phenomenon being studied, as well as searching for the variables that help the researcher in the interpretation of spatial variation of the educational installation and geographic factors affecting the contrasts in the phenomenon studied. With regard to the sources of the study, it has been relied on the data released by the Ministry of Planning, represented with sources, official pamphlets as well as letters and published research and scientific journals and theses. The study used statistical bag of Social Sciences (SPSS) to show the simple Order Spearman correlation coefficient and also used standard class and the study consisted of five chapters as well as the introduction and conclusion.The study found many conclusions including finding a positive development in educational services (1997 / 1998 - 2013 / 2014) both in terms of increasing the number of schools or preparing the pupils and students and the increasing in students enrolled in the academic for the year (2013/2014) in the primary stage and the secondary due to multiple social and economic factors, as well as the increasing of the number of female of primary and secondary stage during the period (1997 / 1998 - 2013 / 2014) and the happening of a large leak in the primary and secondary school start from (2009 - 2010) until (2013/2014) with a gradual decline to the last year. As for Illiteracy, it has concentrated in the group age of (15 - 44) as the percentage reached (45.5%) in 1997 and fell to (41.2% ) and reduction of the illiteracy rate of the population of the judiciary (12 years and above)from (32%) to (26.9%) for the period (1997 - 2014), also the illiteracy rates is higher for females than males for the same period with the direction to decrease for both types. The illiteracy rate drops in rural areas compared to urban areas for all administrative units because of inadequate services in rural areas as the study reached a high illiteracy rate in part of Imam Sadiq and EzAldeen Saleem in 1997 by (49.3% and 46.5%), respectively, each with a decline in 2014 plus the existence of an inverse relationship between education and fertility since the high level of education leads to a decline in the number of births, and vice versa, as well as a strong and positive relationship between education and the profession, as education affects in the different type of occupation, as well as the low quality of the educational levels during the period of the study due to mismanagement and negligence experienced by administrative units. The study also showed a high female ratios in educational levels in 2014, it is high in comparison to 1997 and the search reached a high degree certificate holder (elementary - and higher) in analogy between urban and rural areas for the years (1997 and 2014) and this is the result of group of forces and standing variables product set List forces and variables in the community of studying area that have been addressed in detail.
الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير الخصائص المناخية في تركيز وترسيب ملوثات الهواء في محافظات البصرة وذي قار وميسان The Impact Of Climatic Characteristics On Concentration And Deposition Of Air Pollutants In The Provinces Of Basra, Dhi Qar & Maysan

اسم المؤلف: شاكر عبد عايد الزيدي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى دراسة وتحليل تاثير الخصائص المناخية في تركيز وترسيب ملوثات الهواء في محافظات البصرة وذي قار وميسان , وذلك من خلال جمع البيانات المناخية من الهياة العامة للانواء الجوية العراقية وتبويبها ومن ثم تحليل الخرائط الطقسية للمستوى الضغطي (100 | The aim of study is an analyzing the impact of the climatic characteristics in the concentration of air pollutants in provinces of Basra, Dhi Qar and Maysan, through collection and classifying the climate data which were got from the Iraqi meteorological organization and seismology , also th collection and analyzing the maps liturgical to level barotraumas (1000) milli bars from web site (Vortex Plymouth and NOAA ) for the period from (2003 to 2014) the purposes of analyzing them is to know the occurrences systems piezoelectricity which are effect on the, area of the study, of each them, and studying the climatic effects of associated with them to knowing its impact on the concentrations of polluting gases to the air and amounts falling dust variation over an study area of the study.The study deals wthe the measurement of concentrations of a range of gases in different locations in the region of the study and then compare them with previous studies and compared with the normal limits of gases in the atmosphere These gases are (mono carbon CO dioxide, and dual dioxide, CO2, and sulfur dioxide SO2, nitrogen oxides (NOx , NO2 , NO)In thes study we also collect falling dust samples per month for (September 2013 / August 2014)in nine location from (9) in the region of the study and weight them by using private balance then we record their weights for each location after wards the samples were collected every three months to represent one of the seasons and then analyzed them in a central laboratory of Iraqi Ministry of Environment to see the concentrations of heavy elements blended with falling dust particles has been confirmed on four heavy elements (copper, lead, nickel and iron) so we tested (36) samples seasons in each therefore a total of them were 144 checks, and then we study the impact of climatic characteristics in contrast temporal and spatial amounts falling dust qualitative and contrast the concentrations of heavy metals in the monitoring sites. The results of study : 1. All the rates at concentration which were recorded during the period (September 2013 / August 2014) exceeded the natural concentration for mono gas carbon dioxide (CO) in the air (0.1ppm).2 The climatic elements as the high temperatures and differing wind speed are impacting in the temporal variation of concentrations of gas (CO) in the measurement locations in Hartha site record in the month of(CO) was the highest in May,It was 20 ppm.3. All registered rates of concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) during the period (September 2013 / August 2014) exceeded the (CO2) concentration rate which were recorded before the Industrial Revolution (285ppm) in all measurement sites4.The climatic characteristics have been influence on the contrast of the spatial of the concentrations rates of (CO2) where the concentration rate of (CO2) was recorded(389.3ppm) in a technical college site in January, while it was recorded (400.7ppm) May and same way it was recorded 480 ppm in Alhabboubi square site in February while it increased in July until 630 ppm.5. The dual concentrations of sulfur dioxide gas rates (SO2) exceeded its natural concentration in the atmosphere of (0.001ppm( in all measurement locations6. The climatic characteristics have been influence on the contrast of concentrations levels of (SO2) per month in measurement sites during the period (September 2013 / August 2014),where it was (3.7ppm) in umm Qasr in January while it reached to(10.9ppm) month in April.7. The concentrations rate Monoxide nitrogen (NO) exceeded natural gas level in air (0.0025) at all measurement locations for all months during the period (September 2013/August 2014)8 A climatic characteristics contribute to vary the concentrations rates of (NO) in the measurement sites in limit time.The concentration rates of ( no ) were recorded (2.4ppm) Fao station in January while it rose to (4.0ppm ) in June.9. It is found that the concentrations of binary rates of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exceeded the normal limits for the amount of gas in the air (0.01) in all measurement sites and for all months during the period (September 2013 / August 2014).10. The climatic characteristics have been influence on spatial contrast of the concentrations rates of (NO2) by months, in the measurement sites through divergence concentrations rates between cold months and hot months where the concentration rate of (NO2) was (12.2ppm) in the Fao site in January while it rose to (20.6ppm) in June.11. There is a variation amount of falling dust above monitor sites according to environmental monitor sites and according by time (September 2013 / August 2014),Thus recorded the Environment office in Dhi Qar site recorded a highest amount of falling dust at September (93.1 g / m2 / month) formed (26% ) of the total amount of dust recorded in September, while the lowest amount of falling dust was recorded in Al - ishar site site for the same month,it was (15.3 g / m2 / month) by (4.3%)12. The environmental monitor sites recorded a lowst amount of dust in January where the more amount of dust was recorded in the Environment office in Dhi Qar site , it was (29.6 g / m2 / month) while the lowest amount of dust was record in FAO station ,it was (4.2 g / m2 / month).13. The properties of hot season have been influence in the recorder amount of dust which were recorded in the environmental monitor sites , However the dust amounts which were recorded in June , July and August, more than that were recorded in December , January and February the highest falling amounts of dust were recorded in the environment department in Dhi Qar site (78 g / m2 / month) in June and the lowest of it was recorded in the Qurna (18.9 g / m2 / month(14. The volumes of falling dust were recorded more amount in the transitional seasons than the rest of the months in year. The highest amount were recorded in October while the lowest were recorded in the cold season , where all monitor sites were recorded the lowest amounts in January.15 The study demonstrated by measuring the concentrations of heavy metals in falling dust samples that the highest concentration of the element copper was recorded in Fao site in the summer theoretical separation (148.9 g / m 3), while the lowest concentrationwas in the theoretical spring (11.6 g / m 3) Environment office in Dhi Qar site.16. The highest concentration of lead was recorded in Basra Environment office in site element of in the autumn theoretical separation , it was (76 g / m 3), while the lowest concentrations were recorded in Environment office in Dhi Qar site at winter (11.4 g / m 17. The highest concentration of nickel element was recorded in Environment office site in Dhi Qar in all seasons of the year and the highest was in summer (117.3 g / m3) and the lowest was in winter (108.2 g / m 3).18. There is a high iron concentrations in the falling dust samples which were measured in all monitor sites and in all seasons so the highest concentration s were recorded in summer in each environmental monitor location.
الصفحات الاولى:

اثر تغير المناخ في تغير العلاقة بين المنظومات الجوية السطحية والعليا فوق العراق The Impact Of Climate Change In The Changing Relationship Between Surface Pressure Systems And The Upper Pressure Systems Over Iraq

اسم المؤلف: عبد العباس عواد لفتة الوائلي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تهدف الدراسة الى تحليل اثر تغير المناخ في تغير العلاقة بين المنظومات الضغطية السطحية والمنظومات الضغطية العليا المرافقة لها فوق العراق، من خلال معرفة المنظومات السطحية المؤثرة على مناخه والمتمثلة بالمرتفعات والمنخفضات الجوية والركود الهوائي عند مستوى (100 | The study aims to analyze The impact of climate change in the changing relationship between Surface pressure systems and the upper pressure systems over Iraq, by knowing the surface systems of anticyclones , depressions and Col aerial at (1000) hpa, the upper phenomena over the air waves (Transverse, troughs and ridges) at (500) hpa, and the Jet streams (sub - tropical and sub - polar) at (200) hpa and at (300) hpa , And the impact of change in climatic characteristics change over Iraq from the temperature minimum, maximum, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure and rainfall. This was based on the collection and analysis of maps ritual daily and balances (1200 GMT) and published in the global telecommunications network (the Internet), including meteorological center in the state of Plymouth United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and calculate the number of days survival systems piezoelectricity totalitarian high and low and the recession over parts of Iraq, Iraq has been divided into three area ((Northern, central and southern) By latitude, has been mapping the surface ritual and upper analysis for the period (1950 / 1951 - 1960 / 1961) the first as a cycle and (2003 / 2004 - 2013 / 2014) as a cycle second., and extract the monthly average and its percentage of comparing and calculating the change in those systems piezoelectricity, where Iraq is exposed to several types of systems piezoelectricity It is a conflict between different types of systems surface piezoelectricity, and through the study area it became clear that Iraq is exposed to more than (13) Pressure systems, including five high represented at Siberian high, European , Sub - Tropical , Azzurri and local, and eight depressions systems represented Indian low,Sudanese, the Mediterranean Sea, the Arabian Peninsula, seas west Asia (Depressions Caspian and Black) , the red sea , the local sea and integrated, and the phenomenon of Col aerial.The study consisted of six chapters, the first chapter will be of two sections first ensure that the theoretical framework and methodology of the study and the second examined the impact of global climate change in the change Iraq climate, The second chapter studied the anticyclones and the upper phenomena accompanying the two above, while the third chapter two sections included first studied the subject depressions and upper phenomena associated with them for two sessions, while he fifth chapter dealt with the changing relationship between surface depressions and waves upper and jet streams, Chapter VI dealt with the impact of the changing relationship between totalitarian systems Sainopetical surface and upper change in climatic characteristics over Iraq The study found : 1. The phenomenon of climate change, which increased change the natural characteristics of the atmosphere, where human factors form the basis of the source of this phenomenon is caused by the launched of gases in the atmosphere are increasing, leading to climate change and its impact on the changing relationship between systems piezoelectricity surface systems upper accompanying her.2.The study revealed a clear change in the duration of survival systems piezoelectricity high surface systems piezoelectricity upper accompanying over Iraq between sessions, where Siberian - Anticyclone and the European Anticyclone a rate and a higher percentage back in the second round than in the first session, while the high subtropical he scored low in recurrence of the number of days survival rate in the second session In the first session, despite the limited number of days remaining in the month with indentations accompanying high rate, and the average number of days the survival to Azzurrian anticyclone and Local anticyclone in this month there appeared in the first session and did not demonstrate in the second session.3. high for the survival of anticyclones and depressions influential and that contributed to the weather and climate change Iraq, but it was accompanied by such systems high accompany the zonal index review and the sub - tropical jet stream in the second session the largest percentage of troughs and ridges and the sub - polar jet stream.4.there are suborbital jet streams it was speeds did not exceed (44 m / s) the highest and the duration of stay of sub - polar jet stream which was his speed in the first session (40, 45, 48) m / s, while Speed down in the second session to (35, 30 , 35) m / s over the northern region and medium region and Southern region, respectively, but it was more to accompany the anti cyclones of the sub - polar jet streams except December and January Monthly.5.Change the relationship between those systems which led to the change of climate characteristics, which increased temperatures and decreased relative humidity and atmospheric pressure values have changed over the study stations.6.It shows that the air depressions in the month (December , January , February and March) was to accompany troughs have a rate more frequent than the waves transverse and ridges, but it changed in the second session so that the waves became reviewed more escort her from the troughs in addition to the high recurrence jet streams rate sub - Tropical accompanying her.7.Increase repeat phenomenon Col aerial in the transitional seasons and less in cold season and warm season is due to be in the transitional seasons where meet systems range surface piezoelectricity high and low for wrestle over Iraq, allowing his chances to be the phenomenon of Col aerial before that occupies a strong same area system, leading to higher survival rate in spite of the limited number of days.
الصفحات الاولى:

التباين المكاني لقيم الاراضي السكنية في مدينة البصرة The Positional Discrepancy Of Residential Land Prices In Basrah City

اسم المؤلف: احمد سراج جابر الاسدي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The tittil of this thesis " The positional Discrepancy of Residential Land Prices in Basrah city ". It dealt with land prices discrepany and how it is developed according to the area and position of the land in Basrah city. The thesis studies the factors that lead to this discrepancy It also divides the areas in to residential dissectors. Each dissector includes number of blocks that differ in size and area. This thesis depends on the structural and residential developmentin Basrah city through out the time. the need for residential land There fore , The study includes a comparsion between the prices before and now. The study is included four chapters , The first chapter dealt with the historical development of the residential and building expansion in Basrah city and how land is used for. The second chapter dealt with the desigen and charts of Basrah city as well as the subject of residential areas lacking and the need for new residential areas and number of houses. Thrird chapter dealt with the elements that effect on position discrepancy of land prices in Basrah city. The study is depended on the government information about the subject and the results that are obtained by the scollar from his auestionnaire. The forth chapter dealt with the prediction about in creasing the number of residents and the areas that are needed as well as the e xpansion and residential areas are needed in the city and the future residential
الصفحات الاولى:

تقييم كفاءة النقل النهري في شط العرب وافاقه المستقبلية : دراسة في جغرافية النقل Evaluation The Efficiency Of River Transport In The Shatt Al - Arab And Future Prospects A Study In Transportation Geography

اسم المؤلف: عبد الودود عبد الرضا عبد
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The river transport in the Shatt Al - Arab is one of the most important economical activitives which has a main role to develop Iraqi economy for along time.That was because setting up Al - Maakel port which is made as amajor outlet for importing and exporting lost of goods through this shipping line that links Iraq with many different countries in the world since 1919 So this activity largely shares in fencing the national economy with yearly revenues , that are obtained through the provided service to river units which sail into this channel by exploiting the potential which donated them. The natural conditions to make safe river navigable in the waterway of the Shatt - Al Arab associated with human efforts that have been able to setup pavements. Those pavements could have this activity through the processing necessary for the operations of handling equipment, as well as the processing of these pavements with losts of stores to save the exported and imported goods with all the necessary infrastructure. However , this activity has stopped completely for more than two decades ,that was from 1980 to 2003 because political events which took place in Iraq. Those bad events caused a very big decline in the performance of river transport elements starting from the infrastructure of the piers which processes followed the falling of the former regime in Iraq.This cause with drew on the efficieng of the navigation channel which has become to contain the sediment which has become an important drawback and main objected river navigation in it and that contributed to the declining numbers of marine units that were faring this channel which led to decreased amounts of mobile goods through it , All these reasons has gathered to influence on the Iraq,s commercial fleet and worked to weaken it , while the mass of river transport with various forms and sizes were major means to transport people and goods to many cities on both banks of the river in Iraq and they transported to other countries specially Arabian gulf states. Shat Al - Arab has plenty of natural ingredients that could return it to be better than it was in the case of investment by benefiting from of developed countries , as it can take advantage of these ingredients to establish a tourist activity compete in its imports a lot of activities that require a lot of expenses by depending on the monuments' and religious shrines which lies close to the coast line. As we know Shatt Al - Arab surrounding with large area of fertile bottomlands on both banks that we will support farmer , moreover it also will support the national economy and that will happen by exporting a agricultural to many countries in area specially Arabian gulf countries. Further more , lots of economical activities that depends on that river as a source of the work and getting money by doing som activities such as fishing. In spite of - the governments go towards investment ,but that investment didn't rise to the required level , and that failure investment makes the efficiency of the river transport elements requires extra efforts to promote with it through greating financial and managerial system takes care to this task then fore this will bring an increase in the value of venues versus expenses
الصفحات الاولى:

الكفاءة الانتاجية للنظم الحيازية والانماط المزرعية في قضاء القرنة Production Efficiency Of Possessory Systems And Agricultural Patterns In Qurna District

اسم المؤلف: حسنة خزعل موازي الشريفي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: محمد رمضان محمد
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تمثل الارض اهم مصادر الثروة الوطنية فهي من الموارد التي لايعادلها مورد طبيعي اخر بصفتها الشرط الاول للانتاج الزراعي، لذلك فان مسالة تطوير القطاع الزراعي والنهوض به يستلزم الاستثمار الامثل لهذا العنصر للوصول لانتاج مرض من مختلف المحاصيل لسد الاحتياجات | Land is the most important resource of national Wealth, being the first element of agricultural production. So, the development of the agricultural sector requires the optimal exploitation of this element to reach a satisfactory production of various crops that corer the local needs, or part of them, or go to exportation However, Land exploitation house varied from place to place and from season to season due to several factors. Thus the current study aims to revel the impact of some of these factors, namely ownership systems and agricultural patterns, on the efficiency of land exploitation. The Qurna centre, has been chosen for this field study. The study depended basically on field work to collect data; a comprehend sive survey for (948) properties in (10) counties representing (21.3%) of the total (47) countries of Qurna District was carried out. This surrey enabled the researcher to arrive at the actual state of land exploitation in planting crops in summer and winter seasons. The techniques used in the study which include the crop density factor and analysis of variance revealed that ownership systems and agricultural patterns common in the District of Qurna have an impact on agricultural land exploitation, as there are significant differences revealed; the crop density factor varied among ownership types; agrarian reform lands, private property lands.Results also indicate that land dispel is caused by a number of factors. The most important of these factors are : Land salinity, fluctuation of the amount of litigation water and change in quality, agricultural pests, and Lower motivation to from work in most rural Labour force due to increasing production cost and work importation policies of craps especially after 2003
الصفحات الاولى:

مصادر الاملاح الذائبة في مياه نهر الفرات ضمن محافظة المثنى The Sources Of Dissolved Salts In Euphrates River At Muthanna Province

اسم المؤلف: كريم خلف محل الموسوي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: يعد نهر الفرات المصدر الاساس لمياه الانشطة المنزلية والصناعية والزراعية في محافظة المثنى، وذلك بسبب انتفاء او ندرة مصادر المياه الاخرى. وقد اهتم موضوع هذه الدراسة بالتعرف على الاملاح الذائبة المتواجدة في مياه النهر، ووصف المصادر الرئيسة لتلك الاملاح ولاس | Due to scarcity of other water resources, Euphrates River has been considered as a fundamental source of water used for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes all over Muthanna Governorate. The study has concerned a number of objectives such as identifying the particular salt melted in the river, describing its main sources ( in particular these of high level) and to discover the interrelation between melted salt and water quality to determine the convenience of various usage. Four different sites are distributed Along the Euphrates River where (16) samples of river - water as well as (2) samples of waste water haven been taken during the four year season. Accordingly, various laboratory tests have been done to investigate physical and chemical properties. These include the total dissolved salt (TDS), electric conductivity (EC) in addition to main cations and anions. Both of Shatt Al - Atshan and Samawa sites indicate highest concentrations of (TDS) in comparison with Shatt Al - Saable and Al - Khudhir sites. Generally, in comparison with global average, Euphrates River is well known of its high ionic composition. It can be said that Sodium dominates the cations as well as Chloride dominates the anions. Throughout Muthanna governorate, agriculture activities together with Al - Atshan stream have been considered the main sources of melted salt in Euphrates River. Whilst, the chemical composition of the river is clearly affecting by river - draining, ground water - flowing as well as dissolved gypsum and lime stones along with activities of aquatic organisms. As a matter of fact, the dissolved salt has affected the quality of river - water and its hygienic usages. In line with WHO, FAO and Iraqi standard measurement have indicated that the river - water of the mentioned four sites is not useful for the purpose of drinking and irrigation, yet it is proper for livestock and poultry. However, this water is not beneficial for industrial usages
الصفحات الاولى:

الخصائص النوعية لمياه شط العرب وكرمة علي قرب محطات توليد الطاقة الحرارية

اسم المؤلف: مروة فريد عودة العطبي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: حمدان باجي نوماس
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة الحالية تقييم الخصائص النوعية لمياه شط العرب وكرمة علي قرب محطات توليد الطاقة الحرارية اخذت عينات من الماء وحللت على اساس فصلين الصيف (اب) والشتاء (كانون الثاني) خلال عامي (2014 - 2015) وبواقع ست عينات لثلاثة مواقع لمحطة النجيبية اذ يقع الموق | The present study deals with the assessment of the qualitative properties of Shat Al Arab and Gharmat Ali water near thermal power stations. Samples of water were taken and analyzed on the basis of two - season approach , summer (August ) and winter (January ) during the period (2014 - 2015 ) , 6 samples per 3 sites. The first site lies at the water discharge zone. The second one lies at about 500 m the station westwards. The third site lies about 500 m the station eastward. furthermore , 3 sites were selected to the Al Hartha station. The first site lies at water discharge zone. The second site lies about 750 m the station Northward. the third site is about 500 m the station Southward. The focus was led on 14 parameters out of other water qualitative parameters which have a decisive effect affecting water potability , water suitability for irrigation , environment and industry. They are : EC , total dissolved solids (TDS) , Chloride , Sodium , Magnesium , Calcium , Magnesium , Bicarbonate , Base , BOD , Sulphate , suspended solids and total hardiness. The results of the present study explained the rate of electrical conductivity (2 ,4 - 3,3 - 3,4 ) d Siemens / m and (4 , 2 - 3 , 5 - 4 ,8 ) d Siemens / m for Al Najibiyah station. the rates of the dissolved solids values were also reported : (1516 - 2108 - 2170 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (2717 - 2295 - 3050 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah. the rate of Chloride values ranged (308 - 300 - 405 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (209 - 368 - 509 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah.The rate of Potassium values ranged (75,2 - 80,8 - 50 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (153 - 120 - 110 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah. The rate of Calcium values (164 - 140 - 196 ) mlg /ltr for Al Hartha and (180 - 200 - 212 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah. Magnesium value rates ranged (106 - 100 - 120 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (124 - 133 - 165 ) mlg /ltr for Al Najibiyah. Bicarbonate value rates ranged (284 - 249 - 315 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (442 - 515 - 436 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah respectively. Base value rates ranged (205 - 220 - 215 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (295 - 310 - 330 ) for Al Najibiyah. concentration rate of BOD was within the range of (4,5 - 5,2 - 6 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha station and (4,2 - 6,25 - 8 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah station respectively. Sulphate value rates ranged (710 - 530 - 100 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (278 - 169 - 275 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah respectively. suspended solids value rates ranged (21 - 82 - 85 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah. the water of the stations under study is hard. Total hardness value ranged (865 - 900 - 1000 ) mlg / ltr for Al Hartha and (905 - 920 - 980 ) mlg / ltr for Al Najibiyah. The study reflected a clear - cut deterioration in Shat Al Arab water properties that electrical conductivity and TDS have got both increased in both stations Furthermore , Chloride ion concentration was recorded to be higher than that of Bicarbonate and the later is higher than that of Sulphate while Calcium ion concentration was recorded to be higher than that of Magnesium. Moreover , the study demonstrated differences in the concentration of Sodium and Potassium ion as well as the suspended solids seasonally. Using such water for the purpose of drinking , irrigation and industry results in growing problems in terms of salinity and toxicity. It also brings drastic damages since most of which pass over the maximum limits approved by WHO.
الصفحات الاولى:

نقل النفط واثره على التنمية الاقتصادية في محافظة البصرة باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (G.I.S) : دراسة في جغرافية النقل Transportation Of Oil And Its Effect On Economic Development In Basra Governorate Using Geographic Information Systems G.I.S

اسم المؤلف: علي حسين خميس
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي طارق جمعة المولى
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: This study discussed the subject is one of the most important and prominent geographical and economic themes, which is one of the pillars of economic development, a topic that transport crude oil from the province of Basra, to the importance of the strategic role played by the crude oil in the economic development for the province of Basra, first and Iraq second, using geographic information systems (G.I.S) in order to draw a digital data of the study area as a base of geographic studies or other subsequent studies of other base.Reviewed with it the historical development of the transportation of crude oil in Iraq and the province of Basra since 1925 and until the year 2013, with touched on the most important historical developments and changes that have affected the transportation of crude oil from the Basra Governorate process. And it focused on the stage after 2003 until 2013 as crude oil transfer process undergone numerous historical Bmnattvat affected positively and negatively on the activity of transport crude oil from the province. It has also pointed to the geographical distribution of oil fields in Basra province and through the number of fields and the amount of crude oil reserves are being drawn by the futuristic image of the crude oil transportation and economic development operations.This thesis also addressed the study of natural and human factors, geographical variables fact have a significant impact on the quantities of crude oil transported from the Basra province to the rest of Iraq, or those transferred quantities to export. Especially since natural factors is the fact that a variety of Basra province, lies between the two sides, one nautical overlooking the bay Barre and the other linked with the rest of the Iraqi provinces, making this natural factors take an influential role different aspects. The human factors have been touched them as they represent the reality of man in the study area and other factors exceeded the geographical area of study like the factors of economic and demand and other factors affecting human limits. This is in order to understand the most important geographical challenges facing crude oil transfer process.The study discussed the means of transporting crude oil networks took place in the province of Basra, crude oil pipelines and knowledge of the energies of those pipe - borne and the quantities in which domestic consumption, the study of the oil ports and energies and the quantities transported through them abroad during the period 2003 - 2013, the study pointed to the logistics support to transport crude oil being one of the essential elements to you can not do without them in this process, especially since these processes are constantly flow and allow the transfer of crude oil from the province of Basra.She noted this thesis to contribute to the importance of the transfer of crude oil from the province of Basra on economic development on the GDP and economic activities, economic and trade balance of Iraq during the period 2003 - 2013, also touched on other aspects of the role of the shortage of crude oil from the province of Basra to the economic development of the productive sectors and companies that using movable crude oil from the province of Basra from this side. On the other hand contributed to the study identifies the role of the transfer of crude oil from Basra province, regional economic development through the revenues that accrue to the province of production and transportation of crude oil operations for the duration of the study
الصفحات الاولى:

التحليل المكاني لخريطة حرمان خدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية المدن A Spatial Analysis Of The Deprivation Map Of Infrastructure Services In Basrah City (A Study In Urban Geography)

اسم المؤلف: اديان رسن عبد الصاحب الساعدي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني طارق جمعة علي المولى
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: ان من مسؤوليات الجغرافي هو الاهتمام بخدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة البصرة وتسليط الضوء عليها كونها تشكل اساس النمو الحضري وذلك من خلال دراسة وتحليل خريطة الحرمان لخدمات البنى التحتية في مدينة البصرة وبيان مدى امكانية تحسين مستوى تلك الخدمات وتطويرها في ضو | The interest in infrastructure services, in the city of Basrah, as it forms the basis of urban growth of the city of Basrah, is the responsibility of a geographical expert. This could be done through studying and analyzing deprivation map of infrastructure services in Basra city, and showing the possibility of improving and developing the services level in the light of geographical variables of the said city. As the efficient availability of such services would contribute to the formation of healthy and safe environment through which people practice, on daily basis, their daily activities. This would be reflected on the development and progress of Basrah city and bringing prosperity to people.Also, the current study examines (a Spatial Analysis of the Deprivation Map of Infrastructure Services in Basrah City) determining the research problem through searching for deprivation areas in different locations in Basrah. In accordance with the problem of deprivation, study hypotheses have been placed. Deprivation problems could be overcome through provision of best services to citizens in addition to the researcher's pursuit to identify the distribution pattern of deprivation within Basra different districts.Besides, Basrah has been chosen as a study place as it is one of the most significant cities across Iraq. Basrah population has increased, thus there is an increasing demand on infrastructure services.The researcher focuses on deprivation areas and its impact on citizens based on the field study, and then matching the level of infrastructure services in Basrah with the need of citizens of such services, and with approved criteria. The study has reached to the fact that there is a shortcoming in the provision of services in some districts, services are insufficient and poorly distributed, and do not comply with the approved criteria and poorly distributed. Finally, the study has come up with a number of solutions to address deprivation in infrastructure services and develop such services to achieve prosperity for citizens of Basrah.
الصفحات الاولى:

تحليل جغرافي سياسي للسكان في محافظة خوزستان الايرانية Geographical Analysis Of Political Population In The Iranian Province Of Khuzestan

اسم المؤلف: حسين قاسم محمد فرج الياسري
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: ظاهر عبد الزهرة خضير الربيعي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تتناول هذه الدراسة تحليل جغرافي سياسي لسكان محافظة خوزستان الايرانية التي تنقسم الى (27 وحدة ادارية) لابراز دورها في القوة الشمولية لايران. والكشف عن تاثير السكان في محافظة خوزستان في القوة السياسية للدولة ودور الخصائص السكانية في بناء تلك القوة حاضرا وم | This study deals with political geographical analysis of the population in Iran's Khuzestan province, which is divided into (27 administrative unit) to highlight its role in the totalitarian power of Iran. The disclosure of the impact of population in the province of Khuzestan in the political power of the state and the role of demographics in the construction of such a force present and future, and a bug that impedes achieve this, given that the population has a direct impact and indirectly in building political power through its impact on the overall development of political, economic and social dimensions. it was among the reasons to choose the province is enjoying an important strategic location of Iran, a relatively large economic potential, particularly large reserves of crude oil, and many water resources and soil suitable for agricultural production, and harmony demographic among its population in spite of national diversity, and geographic reach population with southern Iraq, and the lack of a previous study The study followed the approach of power analysis, one of the approved curriculum in the geo - political studies in the analysis and evaluation of the population in Khuzestan province, as well as historical approach which emphasizes the time dimension in the link between the past, present and future of the population in influencing the power of the state. The study comes four chapters include a set of detectives, as well as the foreground and the findings and recommendations, and the sources and supplements and English abstract, attached maps and the shape, illustrative tables for easy reading and comparisons. And included the first chapter the historical development of the province of Khuzestan, and passed by the historical events of the population and their settlement where, changes in administrative borders in order to shed light on some facts and new concepts that are overlooked by the sources and previous research, The second chapter dealt with the geo - economic characteristics (natural and economic) to detect strength and Jeopoltekeya politically conservative and its impact on population characteristics, while the third chapter demographics of size, growth and distribution and installation of a population in order to know and influence characteristics of the population in political power, and finally dealt the final chapter the future of the population in the province by population comparison with other provinces in some important characteristics in the measurement of force in order to know the province and rank the contribution of the population in the power of the state, and expectations of future.
الصفحات الاولى:

نقل الغاز الطبيعي في محافظة البصرة وافاقه المستقبلية Transportation Of Natural Gas And Its On Economic Development In The Province Of Basra And Prospects Four Future

اسم المؤلف: ايناس عامر سعدون
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Natural gas is characterized as a cleaner fuel and less emissions issue is an important source of thermal, mechanical and electrical energy, Iraq is one of the important countries in the natural gas production has been affected by the exploitation of gas in it at two levels energy level and the level of raw material used in the industry. But there are several problems with this vital wealth of them face burned natural gas volumes that are still ongoing in making this source is fully invested investment. The study suggests recognize the reality of the natural gas transmission in the study area and identified the administrative border of the province of Basra, which is located in the southern part of Iraq, the study showed the development of processes natural gas in the province of Basra through several stages starting from the stage of discovery to the point now, also addressed the transport specificity of these industry, because the natural dry gas and liquid can not be transferred to transport normal, but requires a transportation specialist for this purpose, especially liquefied natural gas, as well as the transmission lines to the industry's need for logistical support services and the heads of big money, whether by pipeline or tanker trucks or gas tankers liquefied LPG. But this vital factor is influenced by many factors that delimiters him in a positive or negative affect in the process of transportation of natural gas in Iraq in general and Basra province, especially the lead to control the functioning of the most important of these factors lines are natural controls and human factors, the study revealed the role natural gas produced and transported in the gross domestic product of Iraq. the study also addressed the financial amounts that are receivable from amounts of petro dollars to support economic development projects, as well as the study of future prospects for the projects, production and transport of natural gas, and thus the study came out conclusions aimed at the development of the natural gas industry and the advancement of the current betterment being contribute to the strengthening of the national economy, and will be discussed and explained in detail through the chapters of the message.
الصفحات الاولى:

تقييم كفاءة الخدمات المجتمعية التعليمية والصحية والترفيهية في مدينة القرنة An Evaluation Of The Sufficieny Of The Social Services ( Educationl, Health And Recreationl In Al - Qurna Town

اسم المؤلف: علي غانم ياسين المالكي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تناولت هذه الرسالة دراسة تقييم كفاءة الخدمات التعليمية والصحية والترفيهية في مدينة القرنة، والتي ظهر من خلالها حاجة المدينة الى المزيد من المؤسسات التعليمية حيث ان عددها الحالي هو اقل بكثير من عدد طلبتها. اما بالنسبة للمؤسسات الصحية فهي الاخرى شانها شان ا
الصفحات الاولى:

النقل بالسكك الحديدية على طريق (بغداد - البصرة) وافاقة المستقبلية : دراسة في جغرافيا النقل Transportation By Railway Line (Baghdad - Basra) And Future Prospects

اسم المؤلف: اماني حسين عبد الرزاق البراك
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: اسعد عباس هندي الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The research addresses the reality of (Baghdad - Basra) railway line from several aspects , the historical development of the line and the natural and anthropogenic factors affecting line and study commercial activity for the line and the application of theory and study of main problems and obstacles and prospects for the future, Chapter I dealt with the study of the historical development of the railways over two distinct historic, first starts with the actual beginning in establishing railway lines in Iraq in 1912 as the Germans celebrating the laid of foundation stone for a railway project. The first train was running in 1914 and the First World War had a role in the evolution of the Iraqi railways for reasons imposed by the war. The Department then moved to the Iraqi Government in 1932, after which Iraqi railways have seen a set of accomplishments and some of the reforms can be considered a turning point in its history. The second stage started in 1950 and is a founding Board of Reconstruction as well as improved Iraq oil revenues; this phase has seen quantum leaps in railway projects in Iraq generally and on the Baghdad - Basra rail line.During the years (1930 - 1979) Iraqi Railways was able to conduct lots of works by improving its network and has made great achievements reflected positively on the carriage of goods and passengers, but began to decline in the 1980s.Following the outbreak of war as the Iraq - Iran war, the Gulf war and subsequent economic blockade and the 2003 Gulf war, which have impacted negatively on the railway, despite subsequent attempts at reconstruction until 2014 but the situation is still deteriorating, The only Iraqi railway line that stayed operational is (Baghdad - Basra) most other lines stopped working. As elements of the Iraqi rail transport experienced these stages up and down , that decrease the number of Baghdad - Basra line stations (40) station and several viaducts and bridges with 635 and 430 round arch and 500,000 concrete girder, 578,000 wooden keel , 9049 rail truck of various types. Chapter II dealt with geographical factors that effects direct and indirect impact on rail traffic on the line (Baghdad - Basra) including natural factors such as geographic location, geological structure, soil Surface topography, climate, and water resources which have great impact on the establishment of a network of railways on the Baghdad - Basra line where the track and cost, as well as the impact of these factors on the growth of rail transport and movement. There are also human factors played an important role in influencing the rail traffic on the line (Baghdad - Basra) and painted features of economic development of that region being the dominant governing factors and dominant were these factors Population growth in the study area and the political factor was decisive was the most prominent among these factors were influential in charting the backwardness and decline of railway line (Baghdad - Basra) as well as the economic factor, which demonstrated its impact on railway development in the 1970s and a decline in railway line following the decline of the Iraqi economy in the 1980s and subsequent decades. Chapter III dealt with the evolution of the activity of (Baghdad - Basra) railway line during the study period (1997 - 2014) that witnessed diverse activities of (Baghdad - Basra) railway line which addressed in the following three periods : - 1. The period of 1997 - 2002 has accomplished the transportation of 6,035,914 travelers achieving revenue of 11,638,973,250 dinars as well as cargo reached 872,290,305 tons achieving revenues in the amount of 19,135,173,559 dinars.2. The period of 2003 - 2008 in which 346,797 passengers transported achieving revenue of 982,550,275 dinars as well as cargo reached 1,425,729 tones achieving revenue of 8,145,372,660 Dinars.3. the period of 2009 - 2014 the total transported were 1,022,946 passengers, which achieved revenues of 11,638,973,250 Dinars as well as 3,388,686 tons of cargos that achieved revenue of 41520922169 Dinars Chapter IV dealt with the application of theory to wait found statistical results for my waiting on line stations (Baghdad - Basra) we came up with : 1 - 1. Despite of recording low waiting periods both in loading or unloading shipments, but this does not mean that the efficiency of such stations but has other reasons such as lack of trains or the lack of loaded or unloaded cargos.2. There are disparities in unloading and loading periods at the same station, sometimes due to the type of goods loaded or discharged.3. Despite the rise in the level of services, some stations recorded high rates of wait time due to large numbers trains in stations or additional reasons such as strict security measures followed in those stations, as Baghdad station.2 - 4. It appears through the research that some stations in spite of its limited capabilities, but performed significant tasks in the field of rail transportation as a Umm Qasr, which handling most Iraqi commercial activities, on the other hand stations like Maa”kal though it have tremendous capabilities but offering almost no services due to the lack of activities at Maa’kal port 5. Generally, the study recorded a decline in transportation by rail line (Baghdad - Basra) when compared to the rest of the railway services in neighboring countries.6. The study recorded a clear decline in railway transportation on (Baghdad - Basra) line due the reluctance of many transportation services of contracting with the Iraqi railways, and the adoption of other land transportation as alternative. - Chapter v dealt with the study of the problems and constraints of (Baghdad - Basra) railway line and future prospects we are as follows : - 1. The growth in the number of stations was slow in the study period as well as the growth of rail lines, making (Baghdad - Basra) railway line almost static and stabile. In sometimes numbers of passengers or freights went down as in 2007 were recorded.Despite slow growth, factors affecting (Baghdad - Basra) railway line will continue to evolve and progress in the future if the railways management, the Ministry of transport and other designated ministries like Ministry of planning and finance considered ways and plans to improve the railways in Iraq generally and Baghdad - Basra line due to its strategic importance
الصفحات الاولى:

التحليل الجغرافي للنشاط الاقتصادي في قضاء ابي الخصيب واتجاهاته المستقبلية للمدة 1997 - 2015 Geographical Analysis Of The Economic Activities And Their Future Tendencies In Abu - Al - Khaseeb In The Years 1997 - 2015

اسم المؤلف: احمد رزاق جعو عداي الفرطوسي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عبد الامير كاسب مزعل
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: اكدت توجهات الجغرافية الحديثة على دراسة الموضوعات التي تعالج احوال السكان الاقتصادية، وكانت هذه الرسالة بدراسة النشاط الاقتصادي للسكان قضاء ابي الخصيب وللمدة (1997 - 2015)، اي دراسة( السكان النشيطين اقتصاديا) بوصفهم يمثلون هوية البلد الاقتصادية واتجاهه الا | The modern trends in geography emphasize the study of topics that deal with the demographic settings. This study is an investigation of the economic activity of the population in the town of Abu al - khaseeb during the years 1997 - 2015.ln other words, it studies the economically producing people who make the economic identity of the country and its economic situation in a way that affects the social and economic well - being of the society. The study has been carried out in the south of Iraq, exactly in Abu Al - Khaseeb in the southeastern part of Basrah governorate. Abu Al - Khaseeb covers an area of 1152km2 (6% of the total area of the governorate which is 19070km2) The study attempts to analyze the spatial variation of the economic activity of the population in Abu Al - Khaseeb and to show the size and distribution of the labour force and defining the changes in the tendencies of this activity across the different locations of the area under study. The study contains a spatial analysis of the labour force and its distribution according to the economic activities. It also discusses the measures of the labour forces maps, data and figures are also used to meet the needs of the study.The study revealed that the size of the labour force (the economically producing peoply) in 1997 was 62226(49.9%)in number in the urban areas and 2532(27.4%)in the rural areas. In 2015,the economic activity increased especially in the urban areas.As for the distributin according to the labour type,the study revealed that the paid labourers in the town centre came in the first position in the years 1997 - 2015(53.5%and 47.6% respectively). In the rural areas in 1997, the labour type of work - for - oneself took the first position(43%)whereas the paid labourers type was first(45%)in 2015 because the rate of the type of work - for - oneself fell down in 2015.In 1997,the type of the producing workers(7,8,9)and those related to them came in the first position(25%). In 2015, the job of civil servants and clerks(3)was in the first position(40%)and that meant that there was a trend towards working in the governmental institutions after 2003 loecaue the percentage in 2015 was higher than that of 1997. In 1997, the average of unemployment in the area under study was 25% in the town centre 20% in the urban areas and 10% in the rural areas. In 2015, the unemployment was 30% in the town centre,25% in the urban areas and 12% in the rural areas. This indicated that unemployment increased more in 2015 than in 1997 because most of the productive and industrial institutions stopped working. In addition, the economic policy of the country changed and shifted towards that of the market.As for the future perspectives, moving of the population to the rural areas and the phenomenon of Both saline water are highly affecting agriculture. Most of the agricultural activities are fading away. The agricultural production becomes very low and agriculture, in general, is not supported or encouraged. Besides and because of all this, people who are economically active are shifting to the public centre. And the financial deficit has impacted the economic activists on practicing their activities, especially. The ones that hold certificates from universities a fter, the lack of work opportunities in all the countries seta abolishment’s which caused the number of unemployed people to be increased especially at the years of 2013 - 2014 - 2015.
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صناعة طحن الحبوب في محافظة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية الصناعة Grain Grinding Industry In Basrah Province (A Study In The Geography Of Industry)

اسم المؤلف: محمد علي جبر المساعد
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: كفاية عبد الله عبد العباس العلي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Through the study of grain grinding industry in Basrah province, knowing its present status and passing by the stages of its development and shedding lights on the potentials that led to its endemicity in the province, the study reached at the following results : 1. The fifties of the previous century witnessed a transformation in grain grinding industry in Basrah where technical grain grinding mills were used instead of stone grinding ones. The first technical mill was erected in 1955 (Basrah Private Grinding Mill).2. The superiority of the private sector in the field of grain grinding where the public sector never enter the industry until 2012 when Alfarahiedi governmental grinding mill was erected. 3. The number of grain grinding mills increased during the period of study. They were nine mills in 2000 and increased to 16 mills in 2015 in a growth average about 21.14% in spite of the military and economic circumstances in the country. The number of the workers in this industry increased from 465 in 2000 to 714 in 2015. The amount of wages given to them increased from 223312 Iraqi Dinars in 2000 to 359828 Iraqi Dinars in 2015. The price of production increased from 2498617 Iraqi Dinars in 2000 to 19898402 Iraqi Dinars in 2015. The price of the production stuff increased also but in a lesser degree where its price was 2184610 Iraqi Dinars in 2000 to 9895436 Iraqi Dinars in 2015. This indicates a healthy state represented by achieving efficiency, for the concept of efficiency indicates the degree industrial development. 4. Grain grinding mills are connected to the state enterprise for grain industry by contracting with it to supply them with the raw material and grind it according to a monthly plan issued by the ministry of trade for a sum of money. This limits the possibility of increasing production. Great part of the production capacity is idled; where the study showed that the actual sum of the designed production capacity for grain grinding mills is about 3231 tons per day in 2015, while the actual amount of production was only 1975 tons per day. This indicates that a great amount of production is idled; it is about 1256 tons per day which makes 38.87 % of the designed capacity. 5. The province has a great population; it is about (2818802) according to the approximations of 2015, they make (7.63%) of the population of Iraq which is about (36933714). This population is distributed into 548921 families in the different administrative districts. The greater number of the population lies in ALBasrah District; it is about 1385403 which make 6. 49.15%. Azubair District comes in the second place; where the number of the population is about 496923 which make 17.63% of the total population of the province. 7. There is an obvious shortage in the grain production in the province. Rice crop for example never existed throughout the study period. Barely crop is very little. The study clarifies that there is a great shortage in the wheat crop to the extent that the production amount in the province does not suffice the people more than a month or two. The province production was about 44529 tons in 2015 whereas the need of the province was 398194 tons which make about 11.18% for the same year. This led to satisfy the need in either of two ways : transferring from other provinces, and importing from abroad. 8. Grain grinding mills occupy areas of land that make about 124150 m2. Alfarahiedi governmental grinding mill's share makes about 36.25% of the total area occupied by grinding mills. The area of buildings makes 33250 m2. Again Alfarahiedi governmental grinding mill makes about 15.04%, while AlBasrah grinding mill makes 11.58% of the total area of the buildings. 9. The field study showed that the spatial distribution of the mills was centered in AlBasrah District, where 14 technical grinding mills lie, this makes 87.5% of the total number of the technical grinding mills. It also included four small stone grinding mills in a percentage of 50% of the total number of such mills. Alqurna District came in the second place with two mills one of them is technical and the other is stone grinding one. This makes 6.25% of the total number of the technical mills in the province and 12.5% of the total number of stone mills. Abi Alkhaseeb District came in the third place with one technical mill that represents 6.25% of the total number of the technical mills in the province. Almedina District included two stone mills representing 25% of the total number of such mills in the province. Finally, Azubair District included one stone mill with 12.5 % of the total number of such mills in the province. Faw and Shatt - el - Arab districts do not have any kind of mills. 10. The study identifies a number of problems that face grain grinding industry in the province; most of them are connected with (raw material, production problems, spatial distribution, and water availability, caning and covering problems, power supplies, funding, work power, environmental pollution). 11. The study of the correlation coefficient of some of the independent variables with the indicators of the development in the number of grain grinding mills, the following results have been found : a) There a strong and positive relationship between most of the factors and the number of the industrial establishments ranges between (0.341+, 997+).b) There is an inverse relationship between the area variable and the number of the establishments (0.33 - ).c) The variable of the number of ration centers came first in terms of the strength of correlation with the number of grain grinding mills in the province.d) There is a positive relationship between (urban inhabitants, work power, share capital, transportation roads, raw material, water supplies, rural inhabitants) it was about (0,957+, 0,962+, 0,854+, 0,544+, 0,542+, 0,342+) respectively. 12. Studying the future directions for the development markers of grain grinding industry in the province for the period (2015 - 2030), the study found out the following : a) The number of grain grinding establishments will be 18 in 2020 and 20 in 2025 and 22 in 2030. The change percentage for the period (2015 - 2030) is 38%.b) The number of the workers in grain grinding establishments will be 783 in 2020 and 863 in 2025 and 943 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage for the period (2015 - 2030) is 32%.c) The amount of money paid for the workers will be 382272 Iraqi Dinars in 2020 and 419443 Iraqi Dinars in 2025 and 456613 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage for the period (2015 - 2030) is 32%.d) The price of production stuff will be 2065141 Iraqi Dinars in 2020, then it will decrease to 2041169 in 2025, then it will decrease again to 2017196 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage for the period (2015 - 2030) is minus 8 - %. e) The price of the production in grain grinding establishments will be 2619848 in 2020 and 2656323 in 2025 and 2692799 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage of the production prices for the period (2015 - 2030) is 3%.f) The additional value in grain grinding establishments will be 314003,5 Iraqi Dinars in 2020 and 314009,2 in 2025 and 314014,9 in 2030. Thus, the change percentage of the additional value for the period (2015 - 2030) is 0.02%.
الصفحات الاولى:

قضاء سوق الشيوخ : دراسة في الجغرافية الاقليمية باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS Suk Al - Shuykh District A Study In Regional Geography By Using Ceogrphic Information Systeme (GIS)

اسم المؤلف: عماد زيدان حمد الخفاجي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: طارق جمعة علي المولى
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The research deals with a regional study about Suq Al - Shouk district, which is situated to the south of Thi - Qar province. A previous study about Suq Al - Shouk with its five sub - towns is not available therefore, the researcher had to depend on the field study, observation, watching the different geographical changes through personal interviews.The reason for the choice of subject represents the geographical significance of the study area, because it represents an essential part of the marshes of south of Iraq in addition to its being within a part of sedimentary plateau and the Western Hills, so the region has a significant geographical difference.The objective of the research is to identify the human and natural characteristics of the study area and most importanty spatial geographical factor relationships. The researcher made use of the modern (GIS) geographic technology in addition to the ways and statistical techniques to show the results taken from the study and to prove the hypotheses.The Scientific necessity led to divide the reaserch into four chapters, the first chapter deals with the natural characteristics which include : the geographical location, the geological structure, the surface, the climate, the water resources, the soil and the natural vegetation. The second chapter deals with the populations characteristics, while the third chapter deals with the economic activity of the population of the district. The fourth chapter focuses on the development potential of the district which includes : health,education and transportation services. The study has been consolidated by (49) tables, (40) maps, (28) charts, in addition to illustrations.It was obvious from study that the district depends on the water of the Euphrates river and its branches, and the levels of this water are subject to fluctuation, and also it was obvious that the high increase of the population size of the district during the period of the study at a growth rate of 4.5%. As for agriculture. The study has shown that the area planted with date palms at the rate of 34.5% has the first rank compared with the other crops, whereas cows have the first rank of the livestock at the rate of 59% of the total livestock in the district.In addition the district has different types of industries, notably the construction industry like bricks and blocks and many other industries lice : timber, craft and food. As for the developmental side, it is obviously clear that there are many important archaeological sites in addition to the marshes which will enhance the tourist side of the distrust. The study also reveals an obvious shortage in the number of doctors and in the number of schools according to age groups.The researcher has included a number of proposals at the end of the search in which he thinks they are the suitable solutions to deal with the problem of his research, the most important of which is to make a rural development in the district to protect the local production from neglect, and to develop the tourist side, and to increase the government support to farmers, The researcher hopes that he has contributed to enriching the geographical library with a study about an important area from the areas in Iraq, and success is from God.
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السكن العشوائي في مدينة العمارة : دراسة في جغرافية المدن Squatter Settlement In Amara City - A Study In Urban Geography

اسم المؤلف: احمد صيهود هاشم البهادلي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة مشكلة واقعية اخذت بالتزايد مع ازدياد معدلات النمو السكاني، وزيادة ظاهرتي الفقر والبطالة، وتعد هذه المشكلة تحديا للنظام الاجتماعي والاقتصادي وعقبة اساسية من عقبات التنمية الاجتماعية والثقافية، فالنمو غير الاعتيادي في حجم المناطق السكنية | The study dealt with realistic problem took increasing with the increasing rates of population growth, increasing poverty and unemployment, and the longer this problem is a challenge for social and economic system and basic obstacle of obstacles to social and cultural development, growth is unusual in the size of the random residential areas and the continuation of its appearance, and depending on Mcespbadtha Making control of this growth is difficult irks authorities planning and executive authorities in major cities of the developing world and thus become more of the problems bearing on the reality of city life and structure, as it suffers a lot of cities around the world from the results and the effects of this problem, namely (random settlements served) or slums) or (excesses areas) or (Housing informal or Allasm) No matter how diversified and varied concepts and names it means one thing : It is a moving problem on the reality of the city to Matnottagh effects and cons of urban life. In light of the foregoing this study came to its objectives and hypotheses to address the current problem within the city of Amara, as the study titled (slums in the city of Amarah).Search launched by several variables adopted in this study in order to highlight and illustrate the problem and its size within and its impact on urban life of the city of Amara, the study area was the most prominent are trespassing on the land and the establishment of housing illegal and irregular and are unplanned. The expansion also is planned and random, which resulted in the expansion of slums and the lack of municipal and administrative control of the stakeholders in the city.The letter was included (23) map and (73) and a table (19) form and (17) the image as well as supplements and sources Conclusion very English.The letter came out a set of the most important conclusions that the presence of this kind of random housing is planned to revive the city of Amara, the result of rising land prices and rents as well as the lack of planning policy intact. The slums in the study area due to a natural extension of the study site area which attracted the attention of immigrants to as Maysan province, on the one hand and the availability of employment opportunities in the other. The presence of these slums has a negative effect on the overall what exists In the study service area of all kinds. The these areas and despite the disadvantages that characterized the lack of public services and the infrastructure Fa it's considered a place populated by large numbers of people who suffer from a shortage to a lack of formal housing, also found the results of the study to clarify the concept of zones and random reasons tion within the study area
الصفحات الاولى:

العلاقات المكانية بين سكان الريف واستعمالات الارض في زراعة محاصيل البستنة في محافظة البصرة Spatial Relationships Between The Rural Population And The Use Of Land In The Cultivation Of The Farm Crops In Basrah Province

اسم المؤلف: حيدر ستار مشكل الحجاج
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: محمد رمضان محمد
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية الطبيعية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: The problem of the study is represented by the inquiry " Is there any spatial variation in the use of land for farm crops cultivation like date - palm cultivation and vegetables? " and " whether there is any spatial variation to rural variables which are related with the rural populations in Basrah province " and whether they (The Independent variables) have an impact in the spatial variation of the use of land in the Cultivation of farm crops (The dependent variable) in Basrah province. The hypothesis confirmed that there is a spatial variation for the variables of the farm crops and rural variables and also we can find that there is a spatial relationship between rural variables which are related to the rural populations (The Independent variables) and farm crops (The dependent variable) in Basrah province. The study indicates to the breadth of area that is occupied by the use of land in the cultivation of the farm crops as ,the rate of its area reached (109982) acre as it represents (53080) of the total crop area which is about (204428) acre. It was also shown that there is a decrease in the area of the ground occupied by the date - palm cultivation in Basrah province. Where it reached in 1952 , (222700) Acres , while it Significantly decreased till it reached in 2015 , (54890) Acre , and the reason for that is due to the negligence in the cultivation of palm for both natural and anthropogenic reasons. It is demonstrated by this study that there is an acceleration rates of growth of population of the rural , as it reached in 1977 , (223184) , While in 2014 , it rose to (550 985) , this increase in the number of rural people is accompanied with an increase in the rural manpower , rural workforce , the agricultural workforce , rural households and the rural households that are awarded the agricultural lands , but "the agricultural manpower" in terms of the relative importance took decreasing till it reached in 1977 ,(130.34%) , While in 2014 , it reached (%6025) and the reason for that is due to the availability of other employment opportunities other than agriculture and get on a fixed income and content.
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جيومورفولوجية الجزر النهرية في مجرى نهر الفرات بين مدينتي الناصرية والقرنة باستخدام GIS The Geomorphology Of The River Islands In Euphrates River Between Al - Nasiriyah And Al - Qurna Cities Using GIS

اسم المؤلف: ايهاب عزيز درفش الزيادي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: حسين جوبان عريبي المعارضي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية الطبيعية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة ظاهرة الجزر النهرية في مجرى نهر الفرات بين مدينتي الناصرية والقرنة ضمن الحدود الادارية لمحافظتي (ذي قار والبصرة) في جنوب العراق, بطول (126.80) كم, دراسة جيومورفولوجية تطبيقية باستعمال نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS), لفهم وتحديد العوامل الطبي | This study deals with the phenomenon of river islands in the course of the Euphrates River between the two cities of Nasiriyah and Qurna within the administrative borders of the provinces of Dhi Qar and Basrah south of Iraq, for about 126.80 Km. The study makes use of geomorphologic applications by using geographic information systems (GIS) to understand and identify natural and human factors that influence the formation and development of river islands and geomorphologic process, in addition to the morphologic and morphometric characteristics of the islands, as well as human activities and future investments in the region. The study depended on the use of GIS programs and special field study by taking soil and water samples and drawing cross - sections by using (Acoustic Doppler Current Profile).The study area tectonically lies within the unstable pavement which is affected by the undersurface tectonic movements. Geologically, the area is covered by quartet time deposits that are new disjoint sediments like the deposits of the floodplain which result from the previous stages activities of the Tigris and Euphrates. They include old sediments which date back to the Holocene and Pleistocene ages. Topographically, the surface of the region is characterized by gradual decline from the north - west to the southeast which set the general direction of the Euphrates River.It has been noticed that there are a number of natural and human factors that play a prominent role in the formation and development of the river islands. However, the impact, contribution and interaction of these factors vary in the formation of this phenomenon. Where the natural factors represented by the geologic structure, the decline, and the characteristics of ancient and current climate, as well as the human factors represented by building dams and reservoirs on the basin of the Euphrates River, in addition to the different uses of the water (agricultural, industrial, domestic) and building bridges and waste discharge into the river are all factors that contributed to the formation of river islands within the study area.There is a close relationship between the geomorphologic processes and hydrologic characteristics of the flow of the river as well as the aforementioned factors. The processes that contribute to the formation of the islands vary between being of geomorphologic erosion nature or of sediment nature. This has impacted the classification of the islands according to the affecting process. Erosion islands resultant from the geomorphologic erosion operations lie to the north of the study area. Whereas sediment islands resultant from the sediment operations appear in the middle and southern sections of the study area.The variation of river islands in the study area in their types (permanent, seasonal, joint) and in their morphometric characteristics (dimensions, shapes and areas) is due to the geomorphologic processes that formed them.Visual satellite maps and topographic maps and historic evidence for three periods (1972, 1990, and 2015) were used to interpret the geomorphologic changes within a spatial - temporal framework in the study area. Geomorphologic changes included identifying the location of the islands, their formation, development, transference and disappearance within the consecutive years of the study. The change of the islands and variation in their dimensions is resulted from the balance between the water system and the local geomorphologic environment.Twenty two islands appeared in the course of the Euphrates River between Nasiriyah and Qurna in 1972, and (35) islands in (1990) and (69) islands in (2015). It is noticed that most of the islands developed because of the change in the characteristics of geomorphologic processes from on period to another to reach its peak in 2015 to transfer into permanent islands in a percentage of 45% because of the activity of the sedimentation process. It has been found also that the first thing that the islands do as a natural reaction to their formation is dividing the river into subordinate courses in addition to the main course. Thus, the river appears divergent because of these branches; as a result it is described as braided river or divergent river.The degrees and percentages of the river divergence varied spatially and temporally according to the formation and centering of the islands. It has been found that there is an obvious and higher increase in the degree and percentage of divergence in the southern course of the (original Euphrates) than in the northern course. This is due to the fact that the southern course is longer than the northern one in addition to the increase in the centering of the islands in the southern course as a normal result of the increase of length.The study has shown that river operations, which resulted in the formation of geomorphologic shapes, have impacted the present human investments as well as the available potentials. Across its long history, the river contributed in the process of settlement. Its peregrination lead to the change of the locations of some villages and cities on its banks at that time. In addition to its impact on the variation of settlement types along its course. Where, the linear pattern prevails along the course of the Euphrates and its branches in the region.The emergence of river islands also contributed to the existence of a suitable environment for settlement especially in erosion islands in the northern parts of the course. River islands play an effective role on the other activities like agriculture, irrigation, herding and transportation, as well as its impact on tourism activities where they provide many attractive tourism potentials. Moreover, these islands are in the middle of the biggest marshes whether the central marshes or Alhammar marshes adjacent to the study area
الصفحات الاولى:

الصناعات الصغيرة في قضاءي القرنة والمدينة Small Industries In The Districts Of Qurna And Medina

اسم المؤلف: ايناس عبد الستار جبر
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: فارس مهدي محمد
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تعد الصناعة احدى القطاعات الاقتصادية المهمة، وتظهر اهمية الصناعات الصغيرة من خلال عملية تغيير النمط الاجتماعي والاقتصادي والحضاري لاي مجتمع، من خلال احداث تغيير في هيكلة الايدي العاملة وتركيب المهن، كما تعمل على تقليل التفاوت الاقتصادي بين الوحدات الادار | Industry is considered one of the important economic sectors. The importance of small industries clearly appears through the process of changing the social, economic, and civilized aspects of any society through changing the structure of the workforce and professions. They also work on decreasing the economic variation between the administrative units by improving people's living level. In five chapters, the present study sheds lights on small industries in the districts of Qurna and Medina. Chapter one speaks about; the concept of small industries, their characteristics, classification, importance, and their historical development in these two districts which dates back to the beginnings of the dependence of Iraq in 1921. Chapter two deals with the factors of Industrial settlement and the impact of each of which on the emergence and development of these industries in the two districts. Chapter three tackles the industrial processes of small industries and crafts in the two districts. Chapter four displays the geographical distribution of the small industries in the districts of Qurna and Medina; it falls into two sections, section one includes the geographical distribution of the small industries in the districts according to their administrative units. It appears that there is a spatial variation between the administrative units. In Qurna, there are (418) factories that employ (1176) workers, whereas in Medina, there are (951) factories that employ (2359). Iz - aldeen Saleem region comes in the first place with (43%), the center of Qurna district comes in the second place with (17%), in the third place comes the center of Medina district with (15.8%), Imam Sadiq region maintains place number four with (10.6%), Aldair region occupies place number five with (7.9%), Althagher region comes in the sixth place with (5.7%). Section two points out that there is a variation in the distribution of the type of industry in these two districts. Food industries in Qurna included (150) factories which employ (433) workers, whereas in Medina there are (112) factories which employ (330) workers. As for small construction industries, there are (171) factories in Qurna that employ (606) workers, while there are (608) factories in Medina that employ (1625) workers. In reference to cloth making industry, there are (43) factories in Qurna with (52) workers, while there are (65) factories in Medina with (74) workers. As for engineering industries, there are (11) factories that employ (23) workers, while there are (14) factories in Medina that employ (25) workers. In water transportation industry there are (2) factories in Qurna with (3) workers, whereas in Medina there are (10) factories with (10) workers. Typing and flex advertising industry in Qurna included (4) factories with (4) workers. Craft industries in Qurna involved (155) factories with (190) workers, while in Medina there are (91) factories with (115) workers. Aldair region comes in the first place with (28%), Althagher comes second with (21.6%), Imam Sadiq region comes third with (17.8%), in the fourth place comes the center of Qurna district with (13.4%), Iz - aldeen Saleem region comes fifth with (10.6%), in the sixth and last place comes the center of Medina district with (8.6%). Chapter five studies the industrial structure and compares small industries in the two districts. The number of factories in the two districts is (1369) which employ (3535) workers. There isn’t that much variation in small variation where the structure of industry depended on construction industries, metal industries, furniture and wood industries and others. Chapter six tackles the most important problems that face small industries in the two districts like raw material and variation of its prices, whose origin is mostly from aboard, add to this the problem of marketing because of the competition with foreign products. In addition to unqualified workforce that lack technical ability. Environmental pollution is another issue, though small industries cause less pollution in comparison with big industries, some industries like ice industry in the area of study may cause poisonous suffocation because of Ammonia gas especially when the wind direction is to the east. Weak infrastructure is another problem that hinders the process of transporting the products.
الصفحات الاولى:

المشاريع الاسكانية - انماطها ودورها في حل ازمة السكن في محافظة البصرة لعام 2015 Housing Projects : Patterns And Role In Resolving The Housing Crisis In The Province Of Basrah

اسم المؤلف: ايات عبد الوهاب خريبش العلي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: رعد ياسين محمد الحسن
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: يعد السكن من الحاجات الاساسية المهمة لبناء المجتمع والدولة، ويرتبط ارتباطا وثيقا بالتحضر والتمدن، وبعملية تطور المجتمعات باشكالها الاقتصادية والاجتماعية على مر العصور، لذا فان توفر المسكن هو من اولويات حقوق الانسان والحاجة اليه ضرورية بصورة مستمرة ودا | Housing is one of the basic needs necessary for building society and country. It is closely associated with urbanization and with the process of development in its economic and social forms, along all ages. The availability of a house is a priority of human rights, and the need for it is permanently necessary. Despite the fact that the right to own a house is legislated in the Iraqi constitution, this right hasn't been given serious and enough attention. That's why most Iraqi provinces suffer from a severe housing crisis which hasn't emerged from the current situation only, but it is accumulation of previous years of negligence from the government and its official committees from the one hand and the increase in the population growth as well as the return of the displaced from and out of the other provinces from the other hand. All this led to the emergence of a severe shortage in the number of housing units, where their number becomes far much less than the number of the families. As the time passes the shortage of the housing units increases and the demand for them increases as well. This resulted in very severe decrease in the number of the housing units. Moreover, it caused a sharp deficiency to provide proper housing.The aim of the study was to give a complete picture about the different types of housing projects, governmental or investment projects, in Basrah province. The study referred also to the different housing patterns, their locations and geographic distribution. It emphasized the degree of contribution of these projects in resolving the housing crisis in Basrah. In its third chapters, the study tackled most of the literary and scientific aspects of this topic. In the first chapter, it dealt with the general concepts of house and housing and housing policy. In the second chapter, it dealt with the different housing patterns, their locations and geographic distribution in Basrah. In the third and last chapter, the study gave future insights of the prospective housing projects in the province. The study ended with some suggestions that would contribute to resolving the housing crisis and developing the projects in the province
الصفحات الاولى:

التركيب الاقتصادي للسكان في قضاء الزبير لسنتي 1997 - 2015 The Economic Structure of the Inhabitants of AZ-Zubair District for the Period (1997-2015)

اسم المؤلف: لبنى فالح غالي السيلاوي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: صادق جعفر ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة موضوع التركيب الاقتصادي لسكان قضاء الزبير الذي يعد من المواضيع السكانية التي تثير اهتمام الكثير من المختصين الجغرافيين اذ يتم ذلك من خلال دراسة خصائصها الديموغرافية وحجم القوى العاملة والتركيب النوعي والعمري للقوى العاملة ونسبة الاعالة ونس | The study of the economic structure is of a great importance in the population studies for it is one of the topics that evoke the interest of geographical specialists. From this the study gains its importance; hence the study aims at identifying the economic structure of Az - zubair district for the period (1997 - 2015) and the demographic characteristics of the workforce and the aspects of the economic structure which include (economic activity, profession, work state) and the most important affecting factors. Az - zubair region, which lies to the south west of Basrah Province and includes three administrative units (Center of the district, Safwan, Om Qasar) has been chosen to identify the degree of spatial and temporal variation of the workforce according to its size. The researcher depended on the data provided by the general censuses of 1997 and 2015. The study consists of five chapters. The first chapter tackles the demographic characteristics, the size of the workforce, the structure of its types, age groups, the degree of dependence, and the average of the raw economic activity. The second chapter displays the distribution of the workforce according to the environment and type. Chapter three introduces the professional structure of the workforce according to the environment and type. Chapter four provides information about the work state of the workforce. Chapter five tackles the factors that affect the workforce (education and marriage). The study reached at the following results, the agricultural activity came first for the period (1997 - 2015) and the production workers came first also in the district
الصفحات الاولى:

تغير بعض الخصائص الهيدروكيميائيه لنهر الفرات بين محطتي الناصرية والقرنة - جنوب العراق The Euphrates Hydro - Chemical Changes From Nassriyah To Qurna South Iraq

اسم المؤلف: عبد الحسن عبد النبي هاشم حميدي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: حمدان باجي نوماس
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2016
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تبين من خلال الدراسة للخصائص الهيدركيميائية لنهر الفرات في القسم الاسفل من حوض, تاثر الموارد المائية كما ونوعا بالعوامل الطبيعة والبشرية. فقد اتضح من خلال الدراسة اثر العوامل الطبيعية المتمثلة بالموقع الجغرافي للمنطقة في القسم الاسفل من الحوص على انخف | This study analysis the Euphrates hydro - chemical water changes at the lower section. the study consists five chapters, the first deals with the factors affecting water changes such as ( Location, Geology, Topography, Climate, Soil, Natural vegetation cover, Irrigation development of riparian countries, dams and reservoirs and pollution).The second chapter represents the hydrological changes of the river. It focus on water sources the annual, seasonal and monthly water discharges. the annual water discharge includes flood year moderate and dry year ,with discharge variation of 946 (1969) cubic meter per second, 344 (1985), and 34.7 (2009) respectively.Chapter three is dedicated for the chemical variations. These includes (T.D.S, T.H, NO3, SO4, Na, K, Ca, Mg, HCo3, PO4, and Do ) for the period (1967 - 1969) compared with the period of (2014) and (2015 - 2016).Chapter four present the effect of hydro - chemical changes on agriculture development, drinking, animal watering, industrial purposes and environment. The study reveals that the river water become unsuitable for the most uses above.Chapter five discuss the Euphrates water management. It includes fair agreement between the riparian states , construction of now reservoirs , applied advancing irrigation methods , controlling of sewage and drainage water intensive agriculture system, developing of people activities and copration with international Organizations.These measure are vitally important to improve water quality and quantity for the lower Euphrates basin.
الصفحات الاولى:

مصائد الاسماك ومزارع تربيتها في محافظة البصرة Fisheries And Farms Reared In Basra Province

اسم المؤلف: علي خضير عباس
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: Fish wealth has received a great interest by all countries of the world because of its nutritional value and economic importance, the study area is one of the important areas in Iraq in the agricultural production in both its plant and animal production. Fish wealth is of a great importance due to the availability of water bodies in the province represented by the lower part from the stream of the two rivers (Tigris and Euphrates), and Shatt al - Arab. As well as the waters of the marshes. Basra province represents a sea port of Iraq on the Arabian Gulf's head, and provides the other provinces by various types of sea fish , and that these ingredients can be developed and supported to reach self - sufficiency in achieving food security and reducing imports from abroad.The aim of this study is to reveal the reality of the Wealth Fish in Basra province and analysis of the natural and human Constituents to its relationship by this side and diagnosis of problems encountered the process of production. The study gets about its statements from looking at the fish breeding farms in the dusty lakes and the cages and learn about the natural and human factors affecting it.In the different administrative units in Basra province and conducting personal interviews with a number of fishermen in territorial waters and fresh water, and the owners of fish breeding farms as well as the form the questionnaire which included the sea fishing in the territorial waters and breeding farms fish and a laboratory analysis of water samples in (36) model from the waters of Shatt al Arabs and that of three sites of the Shatt al - Arab which are al Deer district and the two districts of al Hartha and al Faw ,and by (12) models for each site for the years (2015 - 2016 ) two bottle glasses are used in the process of models collection. the price of the one is (1) liter, and it is especially in the collection of water samples for the purpose of the laboratory analysis, and the samples were taken from depth of 2 liters of the river. The Study shows the low capita share of Annual Iraqi individual from the fish meat produced locally, which amounted to 1.79 kg / year in 2002,as it became clear that there is a contrast variation in the amounts of fishing from year to year, and this is due to many factors, including the biological state of the fishes or It may return to primitive ways of fishing or the impact of fish stock by the high fishing effort or the allowed Fishing. And the site of Basra province is considered as a featured site because it is the only province in Iraq, which has access to the sea which provides other province by various kinds of fishes and in spite of the scarcity of water resources by upstream countries (Turkey and Iran) that affected the quality of water in the Basra province ,but it can invest these waters in the development of wealth fish , knowing that species produced in these waters with wanted species by the Iraqi people,and resources represent surface as the Tigris and the Euphrates and the Shatt al - Arab river and the insulation river and tables branching them In addition to the marshes like : Al - Qurna Marsh, Al - Swaib Marsh and Al - Hammar Marsh In addition to marine waters That the total length of its coastline64 km. The surface in Basra province and especially (the Sahel sedimentary) is an appropriate to expand fish breeding farms and especially the Low - lying areas and river basin areas and Marshes and Marshy. The elements of the climate have a great impact on the Fishes and the Solar radiation and temperatures in the Basra province are characterized by a long growth season as well as the appropriateness of these two elements for Fish breeding , except in cases of thermal extremism, especially in the hot season. As for Marine fisheries, through the field study , it is clear that the low in the temperatures has an impact on the presence of fish and their going into the deep regions ( the benthic areas ) and become less in the coastal areas as well as the high temperatures on the fishermen, especially with high relative humidity, causing the self troubles to them with the lack of fishing methods to the coolers devices or heating devices in winter, Thereby preventing the hunter to reach out to the hunting. The Rainfall in Basra province does not have that importance in the fish seasons rather than its volatility and its importance lies on reducing the extremism of the temperatures and reducing the evaporation of water from the docks. Wind has its positive and negative impact on fishes. Winds has an effect on the presence and the plenty of the fishes in the fishery according to the direction of the wind as we mentioned earlier in this subject (the subject of the wind). It is shown that the soil of the province, especially the soil of (Sahael sedimentary) is appropriate to establish farms in this activity in the future. It becomes clear that many of the fish farms breeding that were established was considered as encroachment ( it does not have the projects' permission for fish breeding from the Ministry of Water Resources or the failure to obtain approval from the Ministry of oil) and these farms are from the productive farms and the water quality in the area is appropriate for the cultivation of the fish in the freshwater. It is shown that the fish farming in Basra province confined to the breeding in the fresh water only. And that this activity is suffering heavy losses annually due to the sudden changes in the extents salty during the months of the year. In spite of the existence of the laws that direct fishing operations, but often these Laws are breached and doing fishing in these preventing times. Which are the seasons of migration and reproduction which leads to disallow for the fish to proliferate in a proper way, in addition to that, the using of forbidden means in fishing operations, such as toxins and electrocution and explosives, leading to the extermination of all fish including (Chicks of Fish). Field study discovers that irregular nets are used by the fishermen that the catch all the fish, including small fish without leaving them to grow. as well as the failure to provide a new fishing vessels which are able to save the fish for long periods because it does not contain the refrigerated stores. The role of the current agricultural policy is weak in the development of animal production generally and the fish production in particular because of the lack of the provided assistance ,such as loans and production requirements. As well as a lack of cooperative societies which is specialized in the wealth fish in the province of Basra except one association that specializes in this area namely ( Alnaser Association in al Faw district). And the absence of the role of veterinary institutions in Basra province, and the field study is shown that these institutions do not contribute in the treatment and provide medicines for fishes, forcing the owners of the farms to get treatments from the local markets in a high prices. generally in Basra province the wealth fish faces a lot of natural problems and human life that negatively affect the development of this important activity
الصفحات الاولى:

العلاقات العراقية - الخليجية والاثار المترتبة عليها : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية Iraqi Gulf Relations And Implications The Study Of The Geo - Political

اسم المؤلف: زهراء عباس هندي الاسدي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: ظاهر عبد الزهرة خضير الربيعي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تكتنفها العديد من الحساسية والتشعب نتيجة لطبيعتها المزدوجة التي تجمع بين عناصر التعاون وعناصر الصراع، فقبل غزو العراق للكويت عام 1990 امتازت العلاقات بين الطرفين بالانسجام والتناغم في المصالح المشتركة، الا انها اصيبت بالجهود والانقطاع بسبب الغزو، على | Characterized the study area countries since the different eras that passed by an old "and more recently", the result of several factors geographical and geopolitical and economic, is the center of an "important" global polarization and a place "for international competition, after obtaining the (Iraq and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)) on their independence and to get rid from the hands of the British occupation, it rushed the study area countries to develop their resources and take advantage of its location and enjoy the talent that donated them to nature.Began competition and conflict over the sovereignty and the imposition of leadership in the region and have fought many wars have been targeting the region and to provide financial support and military by the regional powers and international, so it is imposing an economic blockade for 13 years is over, "and then the occupation of Iraq, and the consequent number of variables and physical challenges and political fronts, economic, and security.After the occupation of Iraq by the coalition forces on the ninth of April 2003, the Iraqi GCC relations have witnessed a shift "clear", as it was followed by a fall by the existing political system on the goals and new principles, represented based on good neighborliness and non - interference in the internal affairs policies, and work to build effective and active foreign relations contribute to the realization and promotion of security and stability, and the emphasis on the promotion of economic development, and to stay away from the roads that lead to political blocs. This is stipulated in the Iraqi constitution of 2005 in its article on the eighth of Iraq's foreign relations, believing "in getting rid of the deadlock and sleep unjustified in Iraq's relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council and other countries on the Arab level and the regional and international levels.Iraq - Gulf relations went through several transformations, starting with "the fallout from international conflict and reflected a shadow on the countries of the study area, which represented the United States alone global pole appeared presence during the fall of the socialist camp and the end of the Cold War.So it ruled on the Iraqi - Gulf relations several political and geopolitical variables grown and fed the important factors and differences in the forefront of the ideological and political goals, and this is to be taken up by the researcher.
الصفحات الاولى:

التحليل الكمي لكفاءة الطـرق بين المراكـز الحضريـة في محافظـة البصـرة Quantitative Analysis Of Roads Efficiency Between Urban Centers In Basrah Province

اسم المؤلف: حيــدر عبد الرحمن جــري الحــويــدر
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تعـد شبكة الطرق البرية احد عناصر نظام النقل المهمة , التي لا تتم عملية النقل بدونها , وتمثل شبكة الطرق البرية على اختلاف اصنافها احدى اهم البنى اللازمة لتصعيد وتائر التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في اي اقليم.تهدف الدراسة الى توضيح دور العوامل الطبيعية وا | Land road network is considered one of the most important elements of transportation , It represents one of the elements that contributes to acceleration and social and economic value of any region. The study aims to investigate the natural factors and human factors that affect the extension of this network in Basrah province in addition to the real situation of transportation in it. The movement of vehicles was observed in the different location. some statistical criteria were used to evaluate its efficiency like Arc Gis 9.3, Excel and SPSS , in map simulation and statistical analysis.The study consist of three chapters. Chapter one deals with the factors and variables and affect the extension of the transportation network. Chapter two deals with real situation of transportation in Basrah province.When was chapter three evaluates the efficiency of the network by using some statistical tests. The study shows the nature of the human and natural elements effect on the extension and operation of the network. there is an increase movement of vehicles on the roads between urban centers which doesn’t match the capacity of these roads, especially during the peak hours and holidays. The study also showed the Inefficient road network linking the urban centers according to the indicators used in the study
الصفحات الاولى:

الملاءمة المكانية لمرائب النقل في مدينة البصرة : دراسة في جغرافية النقل الحضري The Place Suitability Of Transportation Parks In Basra City (A Study In Urban Transport)

اسم المؤلف: وحيـدة داود محمــود الدايني
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عبد الرحمن جري مردان الحويدر
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تتجلى اهمية الملاءمة المكانية في كونها تقدم الدعم اللازم في اختيار المواقع المكانية الملائمة للاستعمالات بشكل عام والحضرية منها على وجه الخصوص، اذ تعد مدينة البصرة ذات بعد تجاري واقتصادي مهم، كونها تضم اعلى تركز لمؤسسات العمل المختلفة صناعية، تجارية، خدم | The place suitability is so important for selecting the suitable places for all uses and for urban uses in particular. This suitability ensures a maximum degree of functional interaction and controls their overall constructional form. Therefore, the study aims at redistributing parks in the city that ensures the required capacity of smooth movement of cars and facilitate the transportation of people with ease and less effort. Basra city, which has economic and commercial importance, and which includes different commercial, industrial and service establishments of public and private sectors creates a high percentage of daily movement of cars, and witnesses a density of population during the traffic jam times in the mornings and the evenings and during festivals. So, there is a need to plan and design the parks in order to achieve their aims successfully. The study consists of three chapters in addition to results and suggestions. The first chapter is about the distribution of Basra parks and the problem of sites. The second chapter discusses the variables that identify the distribution of parks in Basra city, while the third chapter tackles the functional competence of the parks of the city. The study attains a few conclusions; the most significant one is that there are 10 parks in Basra, four of them are off duty for one reason or another, while six of them are working, half of them in the center of the city in Al - Ashar because of its economical, administrational and service significance. The other three parks are in (Al - Kafa’at, Al - Hadi and Alsumud) quarters. The study has also shown that the daily traffic jams that result from the small width of streets and small size of parks and the unavailability of good service in these parks are the main problems that obstruct transportation in the city and its region. By applying the place suitability logarithm, the study has come to show that the present parks of the city are not suitable to most of the people of the city, and the study referred to the necessity of using the methods of Geographic Information Systems GIS in applying this logarithm in order to identify the suitability of the present parks and select the most suitable places for future parks, and this is the aim of the study
الصفحات الاولى:

اثر النمو الحضري على التخطيط العمراني في مدينة سوق الشيوخ : دراسة في جغرافية المدن The Impact Of Urban Growth On The Constructional Planning In The City Of 'Suq Al - Shyoukh' A Study In The Urban Geography

اسم المؤلف: حاكم ناصر حسين الشميساوي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: صلاح هاشم زغير الاسدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: City of Suq al - Shuyukh is the center of Suq al - Shuyukh district ,an administrative unit ,within Dhi Qar Governorate , lies in the southern part of the province with distance of (621.2) hectares and its population amounts of (130,517) inhabitants for 2015 which represents reality of the city consists of (24) residential quarters.The study aims to highlight on the analysis of the phenomenon of urban growth, its trends and problems in the city of Suq al - Shuyukh as well as study the demographics of the city in terms of growth and distribution and composition and population density and urban growth prediction (spatial and population) for the next 10 years until 2025 ,and examine the reality of urban land use to identify the most important problems that stand against this study to put appropriate solutions in order to project future trends.The study includes four chapters divided into topics, within study Chapter I , represents with some demographics indicate that the city of Suq al - Shuyukh has seen significant population growth had reached (1977 - 1987 - 1997 - 2007 - 2015 ).This substantial growth of the population is a reason for increasing the demand for urban land uses ,that moved the expansion of the area of the city along the morphological stagesChapter II ,the first topic through the study of historical stages of city of Suq al - Shuyukh foundation show that the city has gone through four morphological stages ,and in each of these stages formed certain function for the city dominates on the invested spatial space of it gave shape to the city during this phase.Chapter II , second topic, dealt with the spatial distribution reality of urban land uses in the city and shows that the city contains multiple functional uses, represent by residential use which occupied an area of followed by public services ,then transport services area , industrialuse , commercial use , community service , sports use , green and open land use of and religious use was an area ofChapter III , dealing with the study of problems of urban growth in the city of Suq al - Shuyukh , the first topic of the chapter included the study of override problems on basic design of the city ,where rapid urban growth caused multiple problems and significant was the problem of urban housingSo the residential need analysis for the city of Suq al - Shuyukh and its assessment across the increasing population growth, which amounted 3%, which is one of the important topics in housing policies target to solve the housing problem.The second topic is devoted to the study of problems of interference in land use represented by planning and environmentalChapter IV ,dealt with current and future urban growth trends in the city and the first topic is devoted to the future prediction for the city of Suq al - Shuyukh population until 2025 as a total population amounted of (169672) inhabitants as the population growth rate is 3%.While the second topic dealt with urbanization trends for the city of Suq al - Shuyukh to search for future need of urban land use.The study showed that the city of Suq al - Shuyukh needs space of land estimated with(176.2) hectares and this area is out its basic design border as well as identify trends of future urbanization of the city.The study showed that the best directions for future city expansion to the northwest ,south and South - western direction in the absence of artificial and natural features.And then the most important outcomes came of the researcher and design to achieve the objectives of study in the future.
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التحليل المكاني لتغير استعمالات الارض السلنية في مدينة البصرة باستخدام الاستشعار عن بعد RS ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS Spatial Analysis Of The Change In Residential Land Use In The City Of Basrah By Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information Systems

اسم المؤلف: مرتضى مظفر سهر الكعبي
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني طارق جمعة علي المولى
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: This present study is based on remote sensing RS and geographic information systems GIS as a basis applied to draw Cadastral changes to the residential land use in order to detect the temporal and spatial variations that contributed to the change in the residential land use in the city of Basrah for (1977 - 2016) nearly four decades , they have resulted in changes in the category of use which refers to the Cadastral Acquisitions For residential use on the Cadastral of the rest of the other urban uses (commercial, industrial, service).This is called positive change, while if the urban uses cut off which is referred as a part of the area of the residential using which annexed , this change is called in the category of use negative , as well as the study of the spatial variation to change the pattern of the residential land use which specialized in building a second floor and a tenement was added to the residential units and these differences included all the city's neighborhoods according to the field study which was based on the distribution of the questionnaire Form.The study goes from a basic premise which says that the whole fundamental changes that hit the residential land use in the sort or the residential use pattern was a result of increasing population growth , Immigration and the Cases of displaced as well as the absence of law and the rise of the economic level of the residents from this point of study, it aims to conduct a remote sensing RS and geographic information systems GIS ,depending on several satellite visuals which are different in dates for the production of high - definition maps representing the total Cadastral changes for residential use in the city of Basrah during the four decades of her life.In order to achieve the goal the study were divided into an introduction and four chapters, as the first chapter dealt with digital processing and interpretation of visual and space analysis of the factors influencing the change of residential land use in the city of Basra, while the second chapter touched on the spatial distribution of land use in the city and changes cadastral study, according to availability the visuals of the satellite to four points, which included maps of selected years (1977.1989, 2002.2016) as well as a field study of the researcher. The third chapter pointed to changes in the category of residential uses and patterns in the city, according to (5) vertebrae represented (the stages of growth of the city of Basra and that historically tracked and spatial analysis of the development of residential land use, analysis of residential patterns in the city, changes in the use of residential land in terms of style or class whether in the negative, the study of the most important implications of changes in a class or style residential use. go on fourth chapter in the study of the planning practices of the city's future and the changes of uses of residential land for the period 1942 - 2014 which was addressedto all the basic designs that addressed the city of Basra seemed pre - prepare her basic designs and finishes basic design (development of the city of Basra strategy and updating its basic design) in 2014, So the study reached to a number of important conclusions like : 1. The increasing population growth in the city and the contrast differences in economic levels of the families and the security situation and the availability of labor is a way compressor to changes in the residential uses, either positively or negatively.2. The ( populated, political, social, economic, and transport variables play a pivotal role in the Cadastral variables for residential use.3. The absence of activation of Laws and the deterioration of Oversight reality, especially after the regime change in 2003 was an important catalyst in the encroachment on farmland and empty spaces within the city which belongs to government agencies so the secretion status of random housing is done ,so we find that the freedom of the disposition of the residential units (irregular or random) and in the absence of law this reflected on the residential changes whether this change in the sort or in the pattern positively or negatively.4.The country policy which represents Stakeholders for four decade has its deep impact in finding changes cadastral For the residential use which is marked by the distribution of residential blocks on different segments according circumstances experienced by the country including the study area.
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المناخ وعلاقته بالافات التي تصيب المحاصيل الزراعية في محافظة البصرة Climate And Its Relationship With The Agricultural Pests That Infect Agricultural Crops In Basrah Province

اسم المؤلف: اية عبد الرضا حامد المازني
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم الجغرافية
اسم المشرف: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2017
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
المستخلص: تعد الافات الزراعية من المشاكل الخطيرة التي تواجه الانتاج الزراعي وللمناخ دور كبير في ظهورها وانتشارها خاصة عندما يشذ عن معدلاته او تفوق او تقل عن متطلبات المحصول. تهدف الدراسة الى تسليط الضوء على العلاقة بين الخصائص المناخية لمحافظة البصرة والافات الزرا | Agricultural pests are regarded serious problems that face agricultural production. Climate has a great role in their appearance especially when its rates go up or down the needs of the crop. The present study aims at shedding light on the relationship between climatic characteristics of Basrah province and the agricultural pests that infect the crops of (palms, wheat, tomato, eggplant, cucumber, watermelon, melon, okra and onion). These agricultural crops have a great economic and trophic importance. Therefore, production rates should be raised and its quality should be improved by observing agricultural pests whether they are diseases or insects that affect the quantity and quality of production. Especially if we know that new insects have entered Iraq like Tuta Absoluta and the Red Palm Weevil which started to affect many agricultural crops. Add t this the endemic diseases like Leaf Blights, Fusarium Wilt, and Powdery Mildew which greatly affect the production despite of the suitability of the climatic conditions and other natural conditions. The collection of the data of the study was done through field work. Four sites were chosen (Karmat Ali, Abo - Alkhaseeb, Aldair, and Az - Zubair) to observe the agricultural pests that infect the crops involved in the study starting from the beginning of the agricultural season 2015 - 2016 and to determine the rate of prevalence for each crop according to the location of prevalence. The study is composed of three chapters in addition to the introduction and conclusions. The first chapter is devoted to the analysis of the climatic characteristics of Basrah province, especially those factors that are related to the agricultural process like solar beams, temperature, relative humidity, winds and dust. Chapter two involved the climatic requirements of the crops under study. Chapter three is concerned with the field observance of the diseases that infected the crops and also the insects and natural plants (grass). The study concluded that the majority of the known diseases appear in different rates on the crops. There appeared also some affections caused by insects especially Tuta Absoluta and Red Palm Weevil. The study also concluded that the prevalence of the diseases and insects didn’t reach to the extent that classify them to be epidemic, their prevalence percentages were somehow reasonable within the season 2015 - 2016.
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