First pages:

تاثير الرش بمستخلص الاعشاب البحرية وخليط من الاحماض الامينية في الصفات الفسلجية والتشريحية لصنفين من نبات الفلفل الحلو Capsicum annuum L == Effect of Spraying With Seaweed Extract And Amixture of Amino Acids In Physiological And Anatomical Characters of Two Sweet Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Cultivars

Author name: انتظار عباس مرهون الزبيدي

Supervisor name: مجيد كاظم عباس الحمزاوي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant - Physiology

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: Three experiments were conducted on two cultivars of sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L.; Flavio F1 and California wonder, to study the effect of seaweed extract and amino acids mixture and their combination on some vegetative and reproductive parameters, and some physical and qualitative characters of fruits. In addition, the chemical composition of leaves and some anatomical characters of stems were also evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of some treatments on genetic variations in both cultivars were studied. The field experiments were carried out at the fields the College of Agriculture/Al - Qadisiya University. The experiment was started at 18 - 1 - 2013 and ended at 3 - 7 - 2013. Seaweed extract, Basfoliar Kelp SL, was used at two concentrations; 3 or 6 ml. L - 1 in addition to control treatment (distilled water only). Also, a mixture of amino acids was used at two concentrations; 400 or 800 mg. L - 1 in addition to control treatment. Spray with the two substances was done in the early morning. The treatments were designed as a factorial experiment with two factors (3X3) in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The vegetative characters measured included; plant height, number of branches, percent of dry weight of shoot and root, and leaf chlorophyll content. Also, nitrogen percent, phosphorus and potassium content in leaves and roots was determined. The flowering and yield characters included; total number of flowers per plant, fruit set percentage, and total fruit yield per plant. In addition, weight, size, diameter and fruit length were measured. Vitamin C, total phenols, TSS, total sugars, alkaloids percent and the capsicin were measured in fruit juice. The anatomical characters of plant stem were included; epidermis, cortex and vascular bundles thickness, diameter of vascular units and pith thickness. The laboratory experiment was carried out during the period from 2 - 9 - 2013 till 16 - 10 - 2013. Spray with the two substances and their combination, at the same concentrations as used in the field experiment, was done on plants at the true leaves stage. The experiment was design as a factorial experiment with two factors in completely randomized design with four replications. The chemical characters measured in leaves included; content of auxin and gibberellin like substances, activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes, amino acid content in addition to protein and sugar percent. Also, the genetic variation and genetic distance degree due to some treatments compared to control treatment using the RAPD with five primers was studied. The results were as the following : 1. Using seaweed extract and amino acids mixture, especially at the higher concentration, caused a significant increase in all vegetative characters measured for the two cultivars. 2. There were a pronounced increase in nitrogen percentage in plant shoot and root as the concentration of the treatments increased in both cultivars. 3. Increasing the concentration of the two factors caused an increase in phosphorus content in plant shoot of both cultivars. In roots, the use of the higher concentration of seaweed extract increased phosphorus content in Flavio F1 cultivar only. on the other hand, there was no significant effect on the mineral content in California wonder cultivar. Also, there was no significant effect on the phosphorus content in both cultivars due to the use of the two concentrations of amino acids and the combination of the two factors. 4. The use of seaweed extract caused a significant increase in potassium content in the shoots of the two cultivars. Also, the two concentrations of the amino acids caused an increase in the mineral content in shoots of the Flavio F1 cultivar only, while there was no effect in the California wonder cultivar. In roots, there was a significant effect due to the use of seaweed extract on potassium content, while there was no effect due to the use of the amino acids in Flavio F1 cultivar. In California wonder cultivar, no significant increase in potassium content was recarded in roots due to the use of all concentrations. 5. Seaweed extract and amino acids extract concentrations caused significant increase in total flowers number, fruit set, number of fruits per plant, plant yield and the physical characters of fruits, where the higher concentration of the two substances used gave highest values of fruit diameter, weight and size in both cultivars. Fruit length was not affected in Flavio F1 cultivar only. 6. The use of the two substances caused pronounced increase in TSS, sugars, vitamin C and phenols in the fruit of the two cultivars. Also, The use of seaweed extract had no effect on total alkaloids in Flavio F1 cultivar. While the amino acids mixture at the two concentrations increased alkaloids percent in fruit of the two cultivars. Also, there was a clear increase in the active ingredient (capsicin alkaloid) as the concentrations of the two substances used increase. 7. Both substances increased the auxin like substances in leaves of the two cultivars. The gibberelline like substances did not affect due to the use of seaweed extract of either cultivars. Amino acids had no significant effect. 8. The use of seaweed extract and amino acids mixture and their combination caused a significant increase in catalase and peroxidase activity in leaves, except the activity of peroxidase in leaves of California wonder cultivar which not affected by the seaweed extract. 9.Total free amino acids content and protein percent increased as the concentration of the two factors increased. Also, seaweed extract had significant effect on the percent of the total sugar. Amino acids treatments had no effect on sugar percent. 10.Using seaweed extract or amino acids caused an increase in epidermis and cortex thickness and size of vascular bundles of stem of both cultivars. 11.The use of seaweed extract, especially at the higher concentration, had significant effect in increasing the diameter of vascular units, while there was no effect due to the use of the amino acids. 12.There was a negative effect of the seaweed extract on pith thickness due to the use of the seaweed extract. on the other hands, the amino acids treatments caused an increase in stem pith. 13.The combination between seaweed extract and amino acids treatment had significant effect on most of the morphological, physiological and anatomical characters studied for both cultivars. 14.Increasing concentrations of seaweed extract and amino acids mixture or their combination caused an increase in DNA and RNA content in leaves of the two cultivars. The increase was greater at the higher concentration of both substances used. 15. Treatment with some concentrations of seaweed extract and amino acids and their combination produced plants with genetic variation as compared to the control plant using RAPD technology with five primers. The variation ranged from 13.04% using OPB - 9 primer to 33.33% using OPB - 4 and OPB - 11 primers in Flavio F1 cultivar. In California wonder cultivar, the variation ranged from 4.35% using OPB - 14 primer to 73.33% using OPB - 5 primer.

تاثير اشعة الفا على التصاقية بعض انواع البكتريا == Study The Effect of The Alpha Ray On The Adhesion Some Type of Bacteria

Author name: فردوس غضبان كاظم

Supervisor name: زياد متعب الخزاعي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Microbiology - Bacteria

Degree: Higher Diploma

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية جمع 37 مسحة من المرضى المصابين باخماج العيون في مدينة الديوانية ومن كلا الجنسين حيث تضمنت الدراسة سيادة نوعين من المسببات البكتيرية لاصابات العيون ودراسة قابلية التصاق هذه البكتريا على العدسات اللاصقة وهي المكورات العنقوديـــــــــــ | The current study included (37) samples were collected from sicks of Eyes infection in Al - Diwaniya city from two kinds that the study included two type dominant of Bacteria causes for Eyes infection and study this Bacteria adhesion ability on the Lenses, that the Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as the impact of exposure to (Radiology Alpha and Gamma rays) on adhesion ability, As well as the search included the application of a mathematical model to adhesion formula. The current study results are showed the Staphylococcus aureus for percent (45.94)% and then the Pseudomonas aeruginosa for percent (32.43)%. The results were obtained being clear impact of irradiation on Bacteria adhesion ability to Lenses. The results were obtained the higher level adhesion reaching its, the Staphylococcus aureus in the natural case to (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×292) that in three hours whereas the Alpha ray exposure more than adhesion level that range six hours to (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×302) and when the Gamma ray exposure the higher adhesion level reaching that range (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×233) during exposure period that reach to four and half hour. About the Pseudomonas aeruginosa the adhesion higher level in the natural case to (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×204) during two hours and half hour whereas when exposure its, to Alpha ray that reaching to higher level adhesion range (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×298) during six hours as well as when exposure to Gamma ray the higher level adhesion reaching range (cfu/mm2 10 - 6×250) during four and half hour. Application the mathematical adhesion sample, the result obtained that the disengagement coefficient, the valuable impact its, so that the valuable increased as well as temporal to be late in approach stage of zero who mathematically certain the lenses importance that the important dangerous effective for Eye infection distribution. As well as the results were certain the Alpha and Gamma rays were irradiation, that have impact of where decreasing the adhesion bacteria numbers for lenses, that decreasing from Eyes infection

Author name: ماهر جاسم محمد الاسدي

Supervisor name: انتصار حسين مهدي

General topic: Biology

Specific topic: Plant

Degree: Master

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: نفذت التجربة في الموسم الشتوي لعام (2013 - 2014) م في اصص بلاستيكية بقياس 15×16 سم في محافظة ذي قار, لمعرفة تاثير الرش بحامض الجبرلين ومستوى السماد النتروجيني والتداخل بينهما في النمو ومحتوى الثمار من الزيت الطيار والمادة الفعالة لصنفين من نبات الكرفس Api | The experiment was conducted in the winter season of the year (2013 - 2014) A.C. in a home garden in the governorate of Dhi Qar, to find out the effect of spraying Gibberellic acid and level of nitrogen fertilizer and the interference between them in the growth and content of the fruits of the essential oil and active substances for two cultivars of Celery (Apium graveolens L.).The design of The experiment was Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replicates in factorial arrangement for three factors (2×4×4 the first factor includes two types of Celery cultivars (local and imported), the second factor includes four concentrations of Gibberellic acid (0, 50, 100 and 150) mg.L - 1, the third one includes four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 10, 20 and 30) kg.dunam - 1. used Revised Least Significant Difference (RLSD) at probability level of (0.05) to compared the averages. The results showed the following : 1 - The local cultivars was significantly Outweighed in content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll and the percentage of essential oil in plant seeds. imported cultivars was significantly Outweighed on the local cultivars in other characters. 2 - The applying of Gibberellic acid caused a significant increase in all traits, the highest percentage increasing of the Characteristics at a concentration of Gibberellic acid (150) mg.L - 1 for most traits.3 - The nitrogen fertilizer levels (30)) kg.dunam - 1 were used gives significant increase in all of studied traits of the plant except for the percentage of phosphorus, where the increase did not reach to the significant level.4 - The interference between cultivars of plant and Gibberellic acid showed a significant difference in most of the studied traits except the Characteristics stem diameter, number of branches, flowering inflorescences, the wet and dry weights for shoot and root increase in significantly. the treatment of (150)) mg.L - 1 with a imported cultivar was Outweighed significantly in most vegetative growth Characteristics.5 - Binary interference between the plant cultivars and nitrogen fertilizer showed a significant effect for most of the characteristics, which reached the highest increase significantly treatment (30) Kg.dunm - 1, nitrogen of the imported cultivars. 6 - The binary interference between Gibberellic acid and nitrogen fertilizer caused significant effect in all traits except number of branches. Outperforming combination plants (150) mg.L - 1, Gibberellin and (30) Kgm.dunm - 1, significantly nitrogen fertilizer in most vegetative growth Characteristics and floral characteristics and the percentage of oil and active substances and yields the plant from seeds and t1000 seed weight.7 - The triple interference between study factors significantly affected the most qualities, where the given combination (150) mg.L - 1, Gibberellin and (30) Kg.dunm - 1, fertilizer nitrogen in the imported cultivars highest significant increase in most vegetative growth Characteristics and yields the plant from seeds.