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الرواية التاريخية عند الشيعة الامامية في احداث القرن الاول الهجري : دراسة تحليلية للمصادر حتى القرن السابع الهجري == The Historical Novel When Shiites Forehand To Bring About The First Century, An Analytical Study Of The Sources Until The Seventh Century

اسم المؤلف: رافد عبد الحسن ماهور الجادري
اسم المشرف: حسين داخل زويهي البهادلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
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التاريخ السياسي والحضاري لبلاد الهند في المصنفات العربية الاسلامية حتى نهاية العصر العباسي == The Political, Social And Cultural History Of India Until The End Of The Abassid Era In The Arab Islamic Resources

اسم المؤلف: حسين كريم حميدي المسعودي
اسم المشرف: جابر رزاق غازي الكريطي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الاداب - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Arab Islamic resources contained so important information on India. The Muslim Historians who created big volume of references gave great efforts in collecting classifying and sectioning them. These information have not been only on the political sides of India, but they included sizeable knowledge about the spread of Islam in these spots and the influence of this religion in the transformation of the nature the life therein into a better way.
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الاوضاع الاجتماعية في مصر 1967 - 1981 == The Social Situation'S In Egypt 1967 - 1981

اسم المؤلف: ثائر صائب صالح عداي الحياني
اسم المشرف: جاسم محمد عبد الشجيري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الانبار - كلية الاداب
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The social Egyptians studies in Egypt suffer from many difficulties some of these difficulties comes from the insufficiency date bases and the integrated statics based to the developed patterns and suitable to calculate and date analyses, the others comes from the nature of direct political reflections that relate by indicators the results of these studies for what call the military ruling elite ((social stability)), it's getting harder when the society offer to a state of class polarization when the operations of fortune concentration grow at hands of social limited categories from the side and the economic clout diminish and the and the social impact for the categories medium social, the operations of proportional poverty condense for categories and another levels represent the majority at the Egyptian social fabric from the other hand.Most social studies on Egypt assigned no room for the historical facet of its social structure. studies as such leaned to examine the Egyptian typological social structure comparatively to those European counterparts failing to refer to the historical background of the grandual development of social entities in Egypt.Accordingly, the importance of the study stems from the fact that it deals with the historical aspect of the social situation in Egypt ( 1967 - 1981 ), aperiod witnessed extensive development at the political level and in the social activities for many years begin by war ( june 1967 ) and ending by assassination the president Anwar AL - sadat at ( october 1981 ), which are fertile years fully by many events, decisions and Laws the regime of AL - sadat depended them, so these Laws had reflected on the social construction in Egypt. To attend the outlined aim the study falls into an introduction , four chapters and a conclusion.The first chapter reviews the status of the Egyptian society since the socialism Laws at ( july 1961 ) until ( june 1967) where I handle studying the combination of the Egyptian society and its levels at Egyptian countryside and cities also the problems of the Egyptian society which the Egyptians suffered from it the Egyptians, these problems represented expansion the population, immigration, unemployment and the drugs, rather than studying the efforts for rising by the Egyptian society which represented by polices of society reform at fields education, health, unions trade and social insurance, and the role of the union Arab socialism and journalism social role.The second chapter discussed the societ structure in Egypt room of war ( june 1967 ) until assassination president AL - sadat at ( octoper 1981 ), urbin rural and soceit for studing the classical forming in Egyption countryside and classical devision in the Egypition city, rather than studying the condition Bedouin at that time.The third chapter concentrated the polices of the social reform which represented by the decisions and the laws issued by the Egyptian government, while the period war (June 1967 until 1981, at the fields education, health, unions trade, social insurance, the media and the Arab union social, all these fields have strong relation by the Egyptian society. The forth chapter handles by studying the social Egyptian where focused on the basic problems that the Egyptians suffered from at that time, and the treatments for these problems which represented by the increasing of population, immigration, unemployment and the drugs, rather than high prices and what had resulted of demonstrations at January 1977, and beyond of sectarianism events and arrests at September 1981 and assassination president Al - Sadat at October 1981 all these problems effected at construction the Egyptian social
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التدوين التاريخي ومنهجه في الاندلس من القرن الخامس الهجري حتى نهاية القرن السابع الهجري == Historical Documentation And Its Approach In Al - Andulus

اسم المؤلف: ايمان محمود حمادي العبيدي
اسم المشرف: كريم عجيل حسين الجباوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2011
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الانبار - كلية الاداب
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Researchers of History paid attention to the study of historical documentation and its approach for such study is useful for specialists in this field. A lot of theses, dissertations, books and papers in the past decades and the first decade of this century have been written dealing with the compilations of Islamic historians and their approach. The present thesis is entitled “ Historical Documentation and Its Approach in Al - Andulus 5th Century to 7th Century of Hijra” and is classified into five chapters. Chapter one deals with the documentations of the people of Andulus in the field of History according to the style of biographies which is one of the old and important approaches done by Islamic historians. It shows the development of the historical documentation and its trends and effects due to the changing circumstances of Al - Andulus. The chapter includes seven sections. In each section, there are three major points, which deal with the documentation of men biography, jurists and judges biography, literary writers and poets biographies, the documentation of princes, caliphs, women biographies, and the documentation of writers and doctors biographies. The last section deals with another kind of biography which is the documentation of sheikhs index (Known as Al - Baramij). Chapter two deals with the documentation of events in al - Andulus (5th century to 7th century). It includes two sections. Each one includes three major points dedicated to the documentation of Al - Magazi and Al - Seyar and the documentation of ancestry and news. We have mentioned at the end of each chapter what the sources mentioned as informational or historian therefore it did not mention his books. Chapter three deals with the approach of Ibn Hazm (died in 456 h.) in the documentation of biographies. We have chosen four letters in biography as models of study. We have studied his approach in each letter and his approach in the organization of each letter and the nature of biographies. Ibn - Hazm wrote in the first letter about the readers of Egypt. He mentioned them in a scientific approach caring to the time and place choen for his biographers. The space of his biographers in each letter was not equal, which was natural. Each writer has his approach in choosing the kind, bases and space of biographies, which lie behind certain reasons known for specialists. Ibn - Hazm dedicated his letter for the famous readers of various places and mentioned the name and death year. His criterion of fame was clear. In the second letter, he mentioned the narrators of Hadith, mentioning the great names of narrators only. He dedicated the third letter to Fatwa sheikhs in various places. The fourth letter deals with the biographies of Al - Rahedeen, Amoyeen and Abbaside Caliphs, ending with Al - Muqtader. He followed a specific approach. The biography includes major pillars which mention the nickname, the name, year of ascending the throne, date of death and name of Caliph’s mother. Chapter four deals wit the study of the approach of ‘Pioneers of Maliqa’ for Ibn - Asaker (died in 636), which is completed by his nephew Ibn - Khamis (died in 639). This book deals with two kinds of biographies : the jurists and literary men of Maliqa. We presented the contents of the book, then we studied the approach of biography of the writer, which is the name, ancestry, nickname, living place ans sometimes death year and their poetry. The chapter presents the approach of the book sources and the written books. Finally, it includes the political, administrative and cultural contents of the book ‘Pioneers of Maliqa’. Chapter five deals with the book of ‘Al - Awasim from Al - Qwasim’ for the judge Abi Bakir Ibn Al - Arabi (died in 543). It talks about his general outline and his approach in organization. He divided his book into two parts. The first deals with the dogmatic and thoughtful crises faced the nation through the statements and opinions of philosophers and various schools of thought. It includes too the solutions and answers for these problems. The second part of the book deals with the historical crises of the nation, especially the death of the prophet Mohammad (peace and blessing upon him), which was a great crisis in the Islamic history. Then the writer talked about the reaction to this crisis which is ended with the selection of Abu Bakir who ended this crisis. We studied the approach of Abu Bakir in systemizing his book, his contents and his sources. He was the first to deal with this approach in dealing with the thoughtful problems and dangerous historical events in the history of the nation when he made his book ‘crises and prevention’. He expressed his personal opinion in these issues, which is an opinion of an Andulusian historian concerning the crises of the nation. He showed his ability and direction in this approach, which he saw as useful to solve these crises. Therefore, he dedicated his book to deal with this issue. The study ends with a conclusion and recommendations. The study concludes that there are certain reasons for the abundance of historical documentation in the decades of the fifth century of Hijra. Among these reasons are the development of Moslems life and the intellectual movement in Al - Andulus. The centralized political rule in Al - Andulus and the establishment of the rule of states helped to prepare the suitable milieu for development and prosperity. The scientific progress is ended in Al - Andulus with the end of the centralized political power. Scientists, literary men and poets deserted Qurtaba city, the Capital of great Andulus because of the lack of security due to the great disturbance. Those writers deserted Qurtaba in 399 H. to the cities, which lie far of the tension. They found the encouragement and status with the princes of these cities. The princes of these states, during the years of disturbance and after the end of the Amoayan Caliphate in Al - Andulus in 422 to attract the scientists, gifted men and craftsmen and make them so close because some of the princes were poets or scientists brought up in a civilized society appreciating knowledge and science. We are not certain that the books mentioned in the two chapters by the Islamic historians are the only two documentations but they reflect part of the development of historical documentation in Al - Andulus till the end of seventh century. It is clear that the documentation continued in the fifth, sixth and seventh centuries more than the fourth century, which was politically and culturally stable though the political fragmentation led to the appearance of many small states known as the states of Al - Tawaaif in a time of political and military retreat of Al - Andulus in the ages of Al - Tawaaif, Al - Murabeteen and Al - Muhadeen. It is clear too through chapters three, four and five that the Andulusian historians are different in their approaches in organizing their books, so it was difficult to compare their approaches for their books are different in their contents too.
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سياسة الولايات المتحدة الامريكية تجاه الصراع الاثيوبي - الصومالي حول اقليم اوغادين (1960 - 1978) == United States Policies Toward The Somali, An Ethiopian Conflict About The Ogaden Region(1960 - 1978)

اسم المؤلف: ايام مشهد كاظم
اسم المشرف: منتهى طالب سلمان
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Most studies about the United States policy towards the Third World in general and Africa in particular, have not get an independent scientific study in Iraq towards the Horn of Africa or in particular and the Ethiopian - Somalian conflict about the Ogaden region, which is part of Somalia, and has been spilt up by the European countries which have divided Somalia into several parts among them and made this region under Ethiopian control, despite the efforts of Somalia to retrieve this territory from Ethiopia but remained under Ethiopian control.The importance of the main study comes to clarify the US policy toward the Somalian - Ethiopian conflict, and to show how the United States entered the Horn of Africa, and find an affective areas there, especially in Ethiopia, which was able to provide a lot of help and facilities to the American presence in the region. Ethiopia is set as a basic point for the US in the Horn of Africa in order to control the ways that transfer oil from the Arabian Gulf through Bab al - Mandab's Strait. as well as to observe the role that done by the United States, through the provision of military aid to Ethiopia, which has been able to maintain the Ogaden region at the time. As addition the study dealt with evaluating of the US policy, the conflict between the regional countries, the impact of success and failure over this policy with the impact of the intervention of the other regional and international powers. 1. In light of what presented above the submitted thesis has divided into four chapters, documents, supplements and conclusion, the first chapter consists a study of three sections, the first includes the definition of the strategic importance of the Horn of Africa and the beginning of the European competition, while the second section shows the roots of the t Somalian - Ethiopian conflict till 1960, and the third dealt with the beginnings of the US presence in the Horn of Africa until 1960.2. The second chapter comes to discuss the role of the United States in the political developments in Ethiopia and Somalia 1960 - 1964, and it includes three sections, the first section addresses the political situation in Somalia after independence until 1964, while the second section shows how the problem has been put in conferences and African organizations and the impact of African countries in reducing this conflict, whilst the third section dealt with the Somalian - Ethiopian war - in 1964 and the role of the United States in it.3. The third chapter comes under the title Ethiopian - Somalian relations and its impact on international competition in the region until 1973, consisted of three sections, the first section has devoted to clarify the normalization of Somalian - Ethiopian relations policy from 1965 to 1969, the second section touched Somalia under the military rule 1969 - 1973, while the third section shows the military government relations between Ethiopia and the great nations1969 - 1973.4. The fourth chapter hold the title the impact of Somalian - Ethiopian conflict upon the international competition in the region until 1978, this chapter has been divided into two sections, the first section has allocated to the Ethiopian politics in the era of Mengistu Haile Mariam from 1974 to 1977, the second section touched the Somalian - Ethiopian war 1977 - 1978 and the role of international forces in it. in the conclusion we find the summary of what the study has reached, of results and general conclusions in this regard.5. The Ethiopian - Somalian conflict regarded as the most intractable conflicts in the African continent and the longest - lived, it's rooted belong to the Middle Ages, it began after the arrival of Islam to this region and embraced by the Somalian. Since then, the conflict started and take multiple forms, and the wars that have existed between Ethiopia and Somalia were undecided. 6. As a result of the Somali division, Ethiopia has turned into a multi - ethnic and norms empire, and to control the Horn of Africa and take a part of drawing the political boundaries there. Where there no considerations to the principle of nationalities or the right to self - determination in drawing those boundaries, so Ethiopia borders have not been fully recognized by their mutual and among its neighbors, except its border with Kenya, and Djibouti. Somalia lost the western Somali region (Ogaden) as a result of British colonialism conceded through treaties and agreements about this region, so that this region has become a zone of conflict between the two countries for a long time continued to the present day.7. Africa in general and the Horn of Africa in special did not get the United States attention for many years, because it did not find any threats from the European powers which represented by Britain, France and Italy to its interests in the continent. So that, the US attention in the Horn of Africa has started after the II World War, after it came out of the war loaded with big capitals, the United States invested it in the African continent which took the form of economic and military aid to gain access to cheaper and abandoned industrials martials from the continent. The US interest in the Horn of Africa has grown as it occupying geostrategic location next to the oil resources in the Middle East, the necessary object that needed by the United States, as well as its location in the South desert of Africa, and the huge size of the military facilities on the Red Sea shores, and the need of such military facilities for the United States , as well as geographical proximity of the Horn from the Arabian Gulf, which is the gateway of oil to the United States, as addition this region is considered to be economically good stockpile of mineral resources, and other sources of energy, especially since the region occupies a central position in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, which made it a region of vital importance to the interests of the United States of America, particularly the strategic priority of the United States was lie in searching cheaper and enriched oil stocks in the world.8. It has been proved scientifically and historically that the revolution is moving by infected and push the winds of change from one place to another, especially if the environment is paved ,ready and mature, Ethiopia were those mature environment to welcome the change, so that the military coup in Ethiopia in 1974 occurred and overthrow the Imperial rule, and with the rise of the military Ethiopia to power in September 1974,and after five years after the rise of Somalia's military regime to power in the October 21, 1969, the political stage in Horn of Africa has become on the edge of a new challenge and change, Racing challenge and confronta - tion between the military of the two neighboring countries , has become the most important race not in the Horn of Africa alone, but in all of Africa, which has seen many other similar positions, and changes over successive military coups, changed the balance of power, changed alliances and ignited old and new conflicts and animosities altogether. 9. Loss the Ogaden war 1977 - 1978 backed to the recklessness of Siad Barre, who announced severance the relations with the Soviet Union, which led to depriving Somalia of military aid from them, although the Soviet Union tried to find a balance between Ethiopia and Somalia, and not to lose one of the parties in order to keep benefit from the basis taken by the Soviet Union in the region, so the Soviet Union became the master in the region. The hesitation of the United States of not providing assistance due to personal inexperienced and the naive of the US President Carter and decision - makers there who feared to repeat the Vietnam war in Ogaden, which left t negative effects, so the US preferred to be observer to the events that happen in the Ogaden, in particular the Horn of Africa in general.The conflict between Ethiopia and Somalia has regarded as one of the conflicts that have evolved into full - scale war, in traditional sense. After that hundreds of thousands of both sides went victims to armed operations, the case is still under investigation and subject to further research, tight and attract, though the war has ended, Skirmishes, clashes border and political maneuvering diplomacy, or (what might be called an indirect conflict) is still Ongoing and continuous.
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مدينة جوين : دراسة في احوالها العامة من القرن الاول الهجري حتى نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري == Gwen City Study In Public Their Conditions From The First Century Until The End Of The Eighth Century AH

اسم المؤلف: انعام صافي عبد جاسم الربيعي
اسم المشرف: سعاد هادي حسن الطائي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الحمد لله الاول قبل الانشاء، والاخر بعد فناء الاشياء، والصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد خاتم الرسل والانبياء وعلى ال بيته وصحبه الغر النجباء... شهدت مدن العالم الاسلامي ومنذ الوهلة الاولى لانتشار الاسلام فيها الى تغيير هائل في بنائها المدني وعلى جميع الاصع | Praise be to God first before construction, and the other things after courtyard, prayer and peace be upon the Prophet Muhammad ring of the apostles and prophets, and the family of his home and his family a granite nujaba... I saw the cities of the Islamic world and the very outset of the spread of Islam in which to a huge change in the civil construction and at all levels, and thus draws attention that historical period extending from 3 AH / 9th century AD onwards has been characterized advantage outperformed other advantages, making it the focus of attention of writers and researchers and is busy the Islamic world and its cities to science and knowledge and the arts Arts, which characterized most of the Islamic character, which encouraged them to label these centuries of life of the Islamic nation the Golden Ages to the campaign of the evolution of massive cities and in all of science, has raced cities to appear booming cities scientifically and if Beyond talk of the capital of the caliphate Baghdad nearby cities including Kalsham, Egypt, Morocco, and we went Bonzarna towards the Orient to the Khorasan province and its cities and Rsataiqa as the various sciences flourished until Nishapur became schools of the largest and most important universities in the Islamic world at that time, I have written in this area a lot of studies and research, but they still give researchers from der what ownership of the treasures of science and knowledge, it is still a lot of angles and aspects of what it is worth research and study, and in one corner of Nishapur attracted our attention ancient city Hdtna the momentum sciences and the diversity of knowledge and culture of her children, was the catalyst and encouraging the study and I am pleased as saying that the idea It was studied with the encouragement of my professor virtuous Prof. Suad Hadi Hassan al - Tai, as suggested commendable study and Omdtna the reasons for the access..Gwen that city, which is Rustaq fourth of Rsatiq Nishapur, and one of the important Orhan same geographic location is important geographically and regionally, in the city met the reasons for urbanization, because it is abundant agriculture, industry list, and moneymaking popular, and culture full of science inherited a sophisticated, entered the Islamic religion Vhzb its civilization, and camel culture, and the age of its society to become integrated Islamic city, and had interest in Islamic science has intrigued researchers and writers, as he appeared in a large number of scientists who took the science of religion and cared for him very much attention, but that attention to the science of the Islamic religion did not prevent interest in science again, Gwen The community characterized by inclusiveness because the other sciences, such as language and social sciences and applied sciences and intellectual has figured Jawinyin.The information and news about frequent and diverse city has helped us to know what it was and how the city was geographical, regional, economic, social, scientific and intellectual environment for their children.Despite the presence of valuable information in the books for the city but there are some difficulties that we have encountered in some respects during the search, including the Arab sources did not expand to talk about some aspects, such as some of its villages names and the meaning of the city and villages name and derived language, which led us to adopt the Persian and other foreign sources.One of the difficulties that we faced also the lack of available information on the names of some of the educational institutions and their locations, especially mosques, connectivity and schools, as well as having some Alguinah scientific figures with an interest in the novel the Hadith, but wrote Sir translations only a little and only mentioned their names in not remember them outsource some novels Hadith Although the accuracy of the research.Life has been in integrated Gwen city and from different aspects, has been characterized sciences diversity and inclusiveness, due to interest people in science and learning, and the interest of the governors and governors in this regard, which was the outcome of that city's appearance appearance scientific diversified It is worth to him noted that previous studies did not take the city only Some scientists study such as Abdul Malik bin Abdullah Jouini famous Faqih Shafi'i (d. 478 AH / 1085 AD), was interested in this regard jurists if ate his books of fiqh and his style and approach them as Arjawa on his views of jurisprudence in various issues, as well as with of Atta king Jouini (d. 681 AH / 1282 m) as he studied his political role with the Mongols and this Makedmh Mohammed Saeed Jamal al - Din in his book Aladdin Atta king Jouini governor of Iraq after the expiry of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, either from the city of Gwen public and condition did not address her studies before and that this study is the first in this area If dealt with different aspects of the city and this is what Snodha chapters in the thesis : Thesis included four chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion.I dealt with in the first chapter, entitled (Gwen) City geography, which included two topics First topic (linguistic and historical roots of the name Gwen city and its geographic borders) as it addressed naming the city and linguistic derivation and meaning of the label and the gradient in pronunciation and localization and opinions that have been said in the meaning of the label and derived, then City site and its importance, and its borders, and length, width.In the second part, which carries the name (villages Gwen city and its roads and terrain, climate) has been the study of cities, towns and villages and Qsbadtha and associated and the change in the towns from time to time and the importance of conducting, including roads and referred to the importance of this in life, especially economic and social city, either topography and climate have The study addressed the importance of the fact that in terms of general ambience of the city, and the importance of it in the lives of its inhabitants.The second chapter, which carries the name (the elements of the population in the city of Gwen and religious beliefs and economic and political activity) has included three sections of which the first part, which dealt with the (elements of the population in the city of Gwen and religious beliefs) It was found that the city containing different social composition formed their complementarity community Jouini as we find the Persians, Arabs, Kurds, Turkmen and Baluch or Baloch, have varied religious beliefs among these populations from one era to another. After the spread of the ancient Persian religion of worship based on polytheism and polytheism, we find in the later periods of the spread of Zoroastrianism and doctrines of other such doctrine Mani and Mozdok, has spread temples this religion in most cities, especially Gwen and villages, and besides those religions we find Judaism, Christianity, and then to be the conclusion keeping with the Islamic faith, which has spread in the city of Gwen all the cities of the Orient Islamic and the Broader religion and the broader After the conversion of the population of the Islamic religion, which has become the official state religion.In the second section dealt with (economic activity in the city of Gwen and its impact on public life), if done in the city, all the elements of its economic life has been the study of agriculture in the city, industry, mining and commerce dealt with, and the impact of economic activity on public life in the city, the study showed that Gwen City an economically prosperous city for the success of cultivation and development of industry, trade and vogue because it is located on the road to commercial convoys and it was a rest station for these convoys as well as the attention of rulers and encourage trade and secure.In the third section dealt with (the Arab conquest of the city Gwen political, military and condition (31 - 800h / 651 - 1397m) has included the study of the Arab - Muslim conquest of the city in 31 AH / 651 AD and political conditions which accompanied and followed it to the year 132 AH / 749 AD) then addressed the political and military developments in the city in the period Allhakh (132 - 800h / 749 - 1397m).In the third chapter it was about our research center (agents and catalysts boom scientific life in the city of Gwen), which included four topics included the first (the spread of Islam and the Arabic language in the city of Gwen and its impact on the prosperity of the scientific life)(And the emergence of educational institutions in the city and its role in the evolution of the scientific life) represented in the mosques and Koranic schools, connectivity and Khanqahat and houses scientists and bookcases, as was the prominent role of these institutions in the prosperity of the scientific life of the receivables Gwen.In the second section dealt with (scientific councils and their impact on the prosperity of scientific life in the city of Gwen) and is represented on the boards of dictation and Alastmlae, and boards of preaching and reminders, and boards of the debate, and the role of these councils valuable publication of science, culture and awareness in the cityIn the third section dealt with (the role of the princes and rulers of scientific and families in the scientific life support and prosperity in the city of Gwen), as was the cam and princes important role in the scientific life support if encouraged scientists and Qrbohem and made them gifts and prizes, but they built them schools and the role of education and exaggerated in the press for authoring and classification provided So many awards and grants, also addressed this topic in scientific role of families in the city of Gwen in the scientific life support which emerged after a distinguished families such as the family of Al - Jouini vitality and brown febrile Jouini and family Bahauddin Jouini (owner of Court).In the fourth section dealt with (trips and their impact in support of scientific activity in the city of Gwen) has focused research on scientific trips and their impact in support of scientific activity as the Muslim world scientists journey showed to the city of Gwen and their role in the dissemination of science in the debtor, and a trip Gwen city of scientists to the cities of the Muslim world The track of them in the dissemination of sciences in those cities and the introduction of Yalom cities that left it and seeking more of them then deployed in the city of Gwen when they return to it, as well as put a cost pilgrimage to the Mecca of the importance of the pilgrimage in the development of science and knowledge if it meets the pilgrimage seasons many scientists both in Mecca or in cities that are located on the roads leading to it making it easier to meet with those scientists and taking them.In the fourth chapter, which carries the title (flourishing religious and human, intellectual and mental sciences in the city of Gwen) has included four topics singled out the first section of which (actively religious sciences in the city), represented in the Holy Quran science of conservation and readings and interpretation included as well as the Hadith Sciences and prosperity of science Fiqh in the city of Gwen and the most prominent jurists.In the second section dealt with (boom of Human Sciences in the city of Gwen), which is in Arabic language sciences Activity in the city of grammar, literature and the subsequent poetry and prose, letters, shrines and they might rhetoric and Arts rhetoric as well as dealt with calligraphy and prosperity of writing, the most prominent writers in the city, as has been pointed to the social sciences in the city, such as history and geography did not empty the city of the arts, especially music, as some have been identified and authors interested in this aspect.The third section, which carries the title (the evolution of intellectual science at the City Gwen), have been identified, of which the most prominent intellectual of Science in the city theology in particular, and science controversy and disagreement, and philosophy, wisdom and logic, mysticism and the most prominent interested him from the people of Gwen city.In the fourth section, which carries the title (support mental sciences in the city of Gwen and development), the research focused on the medicine, engineering, algebra and arithmetic and mathematics.The thesis is attached tables and charts for scientific families in the city, as well as geographical maps of the city and several pictures illustrate some areas and archaeological sites of the city.
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المصادر:

السياسة الداخلية في انكلترا (1509 - 1547) : دراسة تاريخية == The Internal Policy In England (1509 - 1547)

اسم المؤلف: ابتسام سلمان سعيد جبارة
اسم المشرف: عبد المجيد كامل عبد اللطيف التكريتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The foreign historians and researchers called the name (The Era of First Tudors) on the historical stage ranging between the years (1485 - 1547) including the era of the kings Henry VII and Henry VIII in England, which was considered an important stage in the English history, for it saw the beginning of transition from the Medieval age to the Renaissance age which resulted in the revival of England and the two revolutions (the religious reformation) and the movement of (great discoveries). Those two revolutions interacted with each other and led to a great change in the thinking pattern and view to the universe and religion which resulted in the entry to the modern world. The significance of this study came in the explanation of that change. In the beginning of the stage, England was a an isolated agricultural country, but had an importance in the balance of international powers at that time. At the end of that stage, England owned a naval power and an export industry represented by the industry of woolen cloth as well as a number of small industrial products. After it was a country subordinate to the Christian church in Rome, it had its own church called the Anglican Church. On the basis of that significance to study one of the development stages of one of the developed societies presently, i.e. the English society, this thesis came under the title (The Internal Policy in England 1509 - 1547) to examine the overall political, economic and social positions England passed through. The thesis also indicated the intensive labor state suffered by the English society with all its sections, especially the intellectuals class who faced various kinds of elimination, fighting and torture which led to losing their lives. That change was reflected on the poor class of the society where economic and political crises generated intense disorders, the most prominent one was the raise of the living standard, and here it is worthy to mention that the substantial factor in the incidence of those disorders was not the English government failure in treating them as much as it was a natural issue through which the societies passed who turned from the feudal system to the liberal one which often tended to experimentation and search for the new. The thesis consisted of an introduction, five chapters, a conclusion and an English abstract. The first chapter addressed the internal political developments in England (485 - 1509) including two sections, the first section was about the House of Tudor and their accession to the power in England, while the second one was about Henry Tudor's mounting the throne of England 1485. The second chapter dealt with the ruling system in England at the era of Henry VII in three sections, the first section was on the structure of governmental institution at the era of Henry VII, the second one was on the administration at the era of Henry VII, while the third one was on the State budget at the era of Henry VII. The third chapter studied the internal political developments in England (1509 - 1529) in two sections, the first section dealt with Henry VIII mounting the throne of England 1509, whereas the second dealt with the social and religious positions and notion in England at the beginning of the 16th century. The fourth chapter examined the movement of religious reformation in England at the era of Henry VIII (1529 - 1547) in three sections, the first section addressed the initiatives of the religious reformation movement in England, the second one addressed Thomas More's government, whereas the third one addressed the supreme sovereignty law in 1534. The fifth and last chapter addressed the internal political developments in England during the first half of the 16th century in two sections, the first section tackled the administrative organizations in north England, Ireland and Wales at the era of Henry VIII, while the second one tackled the economic developments in England during the first half of the 16th century
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الرحالة البندقي ماركو بولو (ت725هـ/1324م) ومروياته عن المغول : دراسة في المصادر المغولية والاسلامية == Marco Polo The Venetian Traveller (D.725 H/1324M) And His Narratives On The Mongols A Study In Mongolian And Islamic Sources

اسم المؤلف: احمد فرطوس حيدر
اسم المشرف: مرتضى حسن النقيب
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study, which is entitled (The Venetian Traveler Marco Polo, died in 725 H, 1324 AD, and His tales on about the Mongols), discusses the most prominent historical narratives told by this Venetian traveller about Mongols in the middle ages. This traveler, no doubt, gained a prominent fame that none of the European travelers who preceded him acquired. There are two reasons behind this, firstly for the value of the narratives he wrote about Mongols whether it was from historical point of view or reports counties when they were at the summit of their prominence full of wars and unrest, and secondly, for the great impact these historical narratives had on the European thinkers and their societies about Asian Orient in general and specially the Mongol peoples, who quickly turned from tribes fighting each other to conquers of the world. They had conquered half of the world during the seventh Hegira Century, Thirteenth AD. This dissertation is consist of four chapters, introduction, conclusion, plus list of and appendixes a list of Source material. Chapter one discusses the life and time of the traveller Marco Polo beginning with his birth in Venice, and his growing statehood , his famous travel to China and post in the Mongol Royal palace till his departure to Venice and his death in 725H, 1324 AD. Chapter two deals with the social traditions and habits of the Mongols and the countries submitted to them through a contrastive study between Marco Polo's narratives and those of other contemporary sources in this respect concerning all social life of Mongol life. Chapter three is about Marco Polo's narrratives on the Ilkhanid Empire found by Hulagu Khan in the Eastern Islamic territories after the fall of the Abbasid state. This chapter, also, discusses important issues, such as the fall of Baghdad and the death of the Abbasid Caliph "Al - Musta'sim Billah". Chapter four discusses the most important descriptions of countries visited by Marco Polo, including wide parts of the Mongol Empire. The study has concluded the following results : 1 - This study affirmed the authenticity and truth of most narratives mentioned by the traveler Marco Polo about the Mongols, through the corresponding of these stories with approved historical Chinese and Persian sources that documented the news of these peoples, besides the corresponding of material in general, with those of other travelers such as William of Rubruck and Ibn Battuta among others, However we affirmed the exaggeration in the description of some of Marco's travels. 2 - Concerning debate by some researchers about the authenticity of Marco's visit to China and his residency there, the study confirmed the authenticity of Marco Polo's visit to China and his residency there for seventeen years. During this period, he enjoyed a special care of the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan. Through a detailed study of Marco Polo's narratives about China, we found out the precision of the description of the historical incidents. He was accurate in describing Mongols and their capital Khanbaliq which precisely corresponding to the stories of the Mongol historians and contemporary travelers who visited China during the era of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.3 - The study reveals that the importance of Marco's narratives about Mongols relies in the fact that they were not only corresponding to those in the Mongol and Islamic sources, but they represent in addition describing a new era of history in which those Mongols and their nomad tribes had the capability to turn from nomades into civilized societies, as they presented a unique system of administration, of which Marco Polo himself was one of this administration. They could mix the 'Yassa', The Mongol code of law created by Genghis Khan, and the laws of other peoples who submitted to them, unlike the common idea known about Mongols in most of other writings, which described the Mongols as murders savage and barbarian tribes.4 - The study, through Marco Polo's narratives, uncovered many various social traditions of peoples forming the Mongol empire, proving the ability of Mongols to deal with conquered peoples and comprehend wide discrepancies and contradictions among various religions, race and ethics with a unique skill and wisdom.5 - Concerning Mongol Shamanism, which was the religion embraced by Mongols, the present study shows first one which contradict Islamic source that materials with religious Shamanism in claim that the origion of that religion dictate in both the worship of one mighty God.
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الاثر الجغرافي وابعاده في بلورة الفكر الديني في شبه الجزيرة العربية قبل الاسلام == Geographical Effect And Its Aspects In Crystalizing The Religou Thought In Pre - Islam Arp Peninsala

اسم المؤلف: رنا طعيمة حسين الصافي
اسم المشرف: حسن عيسى الحكيم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2012
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ العربي قبل الاسلام
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الاداب - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The geographical trace reflexes a clear presence of scope in the human societies not by its activity in giving of vitality but upon the daily lift items and in drawing of the lived nature frames , which had been divided in to two typs : (The Bedouins and the Urbans)but more of that , it acts to give ideological emergences for the worships reality which had inspired from the environmental world characteristic which surrounded the human.The examining look to history and geography of the Arab peninsula peoples worships discovers a united structure of the religion whenever we meet it as a pioneer cultural phenomenon , it is a hard work for imagine what should be impossible to imagine thepnviromental surroundings om which the human derives his survival elements , and the desire to change his secrets of his powers to bring their goodness or for fear of them.References and books of the history are full of a great deal of information which lies the light upon a nature of the pagan worships which had been founded by the human in the Arab peninsula with their final images , but the return with these worships totheir first original roots , and bringing out trace of the ideological culture in Wadi el - Rafidain upon these worships had been considered exciting subjects , besides that bringing out the Arab had adorned the stars which is un widespread with extent theirworship of the idols , and most of them were considered that they embodying the spiritual of the stars , and the Arab reached in to forming a durational trinity , transferring from adjacent experiments , and looking to the environment with vital characteristic , and scope of the assemble mental expression difference from the religious experiment and the appetence of the religious phenomenon in frame of (the belief , the ritual , and the myth).For whole that , the impulse was strong for me to study the subject by its description as a good ring include frame of the historical studies of the religious ideology and the environmental trace in life of the Arab before the Islam. Here , I must refer to a fact which had been considered as an obvious for every researcher it , difficulties and its special problems with the study's subject , it is necessary for the researcher who enters any door of the scientific research to surmunthese difficulties and problems then he passes them to reach to achieve what he aim to it from his scientific research. Some of the difficulties which I met through this thesis was the reference to study the ancient history , especially , the religious history of Wadi el - Rafidain to know the first principles of the ideological worship which springs from the geographical surroundings, and support them with the religions study of the Arab in the south , and the religions in middle and north of the Arab peninsula , plenty of tells and variousity of their sources drive me to necessity of deepen in their meanings and invent the mostacceptable of them , then and Ashoorian ages and its being as a religious system consists star banthium which extolled the astronomical planets. In the second chapter , I discussed the religious characteristic and satisfying the star Trinity (the moon , the sun , and Venus) in the southern Arabic region. The chapter mentioned two axises : The first exhibited effect of the nature revolution upon the religion , and the way of harmonizing of the politic with the spiritual side , and its rush from sanctifying of the natures elements to prevent the goodness , the ritual side of the religions had beenrepresented in the vows and the sacrifices , the united sides controlee upon the worships , this what had been cleared in the second research. In the third chapter , I put the light upon the religious believes in middle of the Arab peninsola.It consisted tow researches : In the first , I spoke about weathers of the Arab and their astromical interests , which directed their eyes to the sky's powers , then they followed the other nations to idolize these powers.In the second research , I followed through it the Jaheliah pagan roles but with their star roots , and embodying of these worships through the upper and the down Trinity principle and adoption of the vitality principle upon the external surroundings andmake it as hiden powers as it consists two personalities. The forth chapter had been set aside to study interact of the semi agricultural societies with the religion.It consisted two researches : The first research took care of the geographical reflections upon the religious life in Tudmor , and change of their worship in to worship in the base degree , besides that it represents of the fertility and the growth worship in Al - Anbat people.While the second research mentioned the urbans worships which depended upon the Trinity : (The God , The father Seed Marna (the Sun) , the mother Goddess (Mertin the Goddess) Venus , Bermerin the God (the Moon) , the holy side didn’t become out ofsanctifying of the natures powers among Al - Manathirah and Al - Ghasasinah. In Most of these mentioned worships , the religious impuls was prominent with geographical effect.The references and soureces of this thesis were various : They were from the holy books , the explicatory books , the biography books and the linguistic dictionaries , besides the historical references the geographical dictionaries , the poetry books andthe various modern historical references. This study had been led in to group of the results which I reached the they are asfollow : 1 - Variousity of the geographical trace did not effect to brand nature of the Arab life with the Bedouin characteristic and the Urban characteristic only , but framed their ramifying according to place and its requirements.2 - The ideological heritage in Wadi el - Rafidain country had roots which supplied with their giant storage worships of the sky and the nature (the external surroundings) in all parts of the peninsola , so worship of fertility and the natures factors (winds , rain , stars , sky) had been appeared with its first instinct , and since before the stone ages in worships of Wadi el - Rafidain , with increasing way , they blocked with star rush embodied with mythical cover , which tells about create of the atmosphere and beginning of the lifefrom uninfinity world , by act of the Gods and their star manifest ments. 3 - It drew attention of the souther Arab peoples minds for the agricultural nature of their lands , their ideas weaved star worships , starting from their reality and their agricultural environment the star Trinity (the moon , the sun and Venus) was a pioneer in their worship , besides another Gods as : Hadad (God of the air and the thunder , and fat Baal (God of the sky , and Munfuh) (God of the water and the irrigation)4 - The Arab became pioneers of the weather and the astronomic sciences after the Kildan and the Sabeaa , so they took from them these sciences and improred them until they attributed the acts to the stars without the creater , they said that our rain with weather so and so , they adorned the stars to get their blesses , and so they participated the other civilizations with these worships , the worship of the astronomic planets had been differed according to their acts differences in their life.
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المصادر:

موقف ائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) من الغلو والفرق الغالية حتى وفاة الامام الصادق (عليه السلام) == The Attitude Of The Imames Of Al - Al - Bayt Against The Ghulw And The Ghulat Sects Until The Death Of As - Sadiqh (P.B.u.H)

اسم المؤلف: محمد جواد نور الدين عبد الزهرة فخر الدين
اسم المشرف: عبد الجبار ناجي الياسري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الاداب - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The fifth chapter treats the thinking and the cililizational prospects in India and the extent through which other civilizations could have got benefit from the discreet legacy of India.
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سياسة بريطانيا تجاه عمان 1856 - 1898

اسم المؤلف: مقدام عبد الحسن باقر الفياض
اسم المشرف: صلاح محمد العابد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2006
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الاداب - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
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العلاقات الالمانية - الروسية (1870 - 1914) == Germany - Russian Relations 1870 - 1914

اسم المؤلف: نادية جاسم كاظم علي الشمري
اسم المشرف: علي هادي عباس المهداوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية التربية للعلوم الانسانية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
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المصادر:

العلاقات الباكستانية - الافغانية 1947 - 1979 : دراسة تاريخية == Pakistani - Afghan Relations 1947 - 1979 : A Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: هند علي حسن
اسم المشرف: سنان صادق حسين الزيدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This is a study of "Pakistani - Afghan Relations, 1947 - 1979. A Historical Study". It is divided into introduction and four chapters, as well as a conclusion in which all results reached at, are mentioned.Chapter one comes under the title "The Pakistani - Afghan Relations, 15 August, 1947 - 30 December, 1952" which dealt with the positions of Afghanistan towards the independence of Pakistan and recognition of it, the attitude of Afghan government regarding the request of Pakistan to join the United Nations, the nature of the relation between Pakistan and Afghanistan and new aspects that reflected upon their relations for the period of (1947 - 1952), India played a great role in deepening the differences between Pakistan and Afghanistan, besides the tensions on their borders which paved the way for broadening the dispute. International mediations played an important role in solving the dispute between Pakistan and Afghanistan. On 16 October 1951, Pakistan accused the Afghan government for assassination of the prime minister of Pakistan Mr. Liyaqat Ali Khan, which affected deeply the Pakistani - Afghan Relations, and Pakistan government tried to hold Islamic and economic conferences on its own territories in order to develop its relation with Afghanistan , therefore the relationship between both sides characterized by ebb and tide till December, 1952.Chapter two "plans of regional and International allies and blocs and their effects upon the Pakistani - Afghan relations, February 1953 - 27 October 1958", and it contains many topics, such as rising of tension between the two countries, especially after the declaration of Pakistan the unity of western province and joining cento and seato organization the leadership of United States of America. Also the same period witnessed aggression on Pakistan embassy in Kabul on 30th of March, 1955, and international mediations in to activate the diplomatic relationship between Karachi and Kabul which both got aids from United States of America.Chapter three " Pakistani - Afghan during the reign of relations Pakistani president Mohammed Ayyob Khan 27 October, 1958 - 25 March 1969", dealing with the position of Pakistani president towards pashtun issue, its effects upon the relation between the two countries, and the role of the fontier tribes in increasing the tensions between both sides again, besides the Iranian Mediation in returning the diplomatic relation in 1962, which helped in signing Pakistani - Afghan transit treaty on 2nd March, 1965.This chapter includes the position of people Democratic party and the movement of Sitim milli" toward Pashtun issue and its effects on the Pakistani - Afghan relations which really affected by Cold War between the two international poles, and its effects upon their foreign policies for the period 1958 - 1969.The fourth chapter, "the Pakistani - Afghan relations 25 March, 1969 - 27 December, 1979" which is divided into the following topics : - the attitude of Pakistan toward the Indian - Pakistani war, the Separation of Bangladesh in December 1971 and its effect on the path the Pakistani - Afghan relations, the relation retreated between the two countries, after the success of Mohammed Dowood Khan Coup, and toppling the Monarchy in Afghanistan on 16 of July 1973, but those relations witnessed improved between the 1976 and 1977 and the internal developments in Pakistan and Afghanistan had their influence between 1977 and 1979.This study has reached that the Pakistani - Afghan relations were characterized by tensions and armed clashes since the foundation of Pakistan in 1947 until 1979, and witnessed a short periods of intimacy, and the two international poles, the United States of America and the Soviet Union, had a great influence on them, besides the regional States adjacent to the two countries.
الملخص:
المصادر:

العلاقات البريطانية - الايرانية 1951 - 1971 == British - Iranian Relations 1951 - 1971

اسم المؤلف: هدى جاسم منصور الزناد
اسم المشرف: عبد المجيد عبد الحميد علي العاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الانبار - كلية الاداب
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study is concerned with the nature of relations between the British and Iran for the period of 1951 - 1971, has been characterized their relationship in that period it were not on a single frequency, in the 1951 event a dispute between the two countries, following the nationalization of Iran for its oil and stripping the company Iranian Anglo of all their rights in Iranian oil investment because of its unjust towards the country finished the decision to nationalize the oil British monopoly after a period of half a century, began after the stage was characterized by a lot of differences between the two countries and follow each other's hostile policy of the other party ended sever diplomatic relations between Iran and Britain, as well as leaving the decision nationalization of raised economic reflected on the two countries, but in different proportions.Followed by a row of improved relations between the two countries, especially after Britain succeeded in cooperation with the United States in organizing overthrew Mosaddiq government, which was responsible for the nationalization coup, and understanding with the new government, which was followed by the status settlement of the oil, Britain managed on its way back to the oil investment Iranian within an international consortium share was the 40%, relations then between the two countries goes better than before, especially after Iran's accession to the Baghdad Pact in 1955, and became Iran so allied with Britain, that period abundance official visits exchanged between them and strengthen cooperation in various economic and commercial aspects and provide aid to Britain, Iran to the vulnerability to disasters.Resulting in improvement of bilateral relations and great convergence in their goals, not to follow Britain's policy against Iran on the repeated claims in Bahrain three Arab islands and limiting its stance on the protests and taken a position as a deterrent only Iranian harassment without creating any problems with it, and it seems so obvious in the sixties, not surprising in that Britain, which was preparing to pull out of the Persian Gulf, was at the same time considering ways to preserve its interests in that vital region after the withdrawal of them, and work to create alternative power in the region is able to protect its interests and the interests of other Western countries allied to them, after that the United States can't be replaced Britain solutions, because of its failure in Vietnam at the time, and stretched the attention of both countries to Iran to carry out that task, so necessary to strengthen Iran militarily, and was provided with various types of modern weapons to be able to play that role.In order to maintain the region after the withdrawal were talks between Britain and Iran and the Persian Gulf emirates ended waiver of Iran for Bahrain against the occupation of the three Arab islands shoved occupation before and one day after the British withdrawal from the Persian Gulf in 1971.The study included an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion the first chapter dealing with the roots of the British - Iranian relations and motives of the British interest in Iran and its policy towards the country until the nationalization of Iranian oil Resolution 1951.The second chapter dealt with the policy of Iran on the application of the decision of nationalization and British reactions to those military policies such as threats and the imposition of economic sanctions on Iran's nationalized oil sales dropping Mosaddiq government, also reviewed the separation policy pursued by Britain to end the dispute with Iran and the settlement of the oil issue with the new government, which came after the coup.The third quarter included a presentation of the development of bilateral relations in various political, economic and commercial aspects and reasons to strengthen bilateral relations with each other.Chapter four reasons and motives behind the decision to the British withdrawal from the Gulf and the nature of bilateral relations in the light of the withdrawal to ensure the talks between the British side and the Iranian decision on the future of the region after the withdrawal of Britain from them.Included Conclusion The most important findings of her study.The study was based on a significant number of important sources of British documents.
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المصادر:

موقف بريطانيا من التطورات السياسية في اليونان 1945 - 1975 == Britain'S Position On The Political Developments In Greece , 1945 - 1975

اسم المؤلف: ناظم خليل حسن عبد المعموري
اسم المشرف: علي عبد الواحد حسون الصائغ
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة القادسية - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Metaxas dies in January 1941. In April the Germans invade, despite the combined defence of Greek, British, Australian and New Zealand units. When the Germans attempt to occupy Crete, civilians and Allied Forces offer fierce resistance. With the direct participation of Australian forces in the battle for Crete, Greece acquires special significance for Australia.The campaigns in Greece and Crete are short, sharp and destined to fail. However, they create an enduring bond between the two nations. Australians still remember the courage of Greek fighters. They also remember that after the fighting was over many risked reprisals to shelter Australian soldiers and help them escape.Thousands of Greeks die in direct combat, in concentration camps or of starvation during the years of Nazi occupation. Most Greek Jews are murdered, despite efforts by the Greek Orthodox Church and many Christian Greeks to shelter them. The economy is devastated. After German forces withdraw in 1944, the Greek government in exile returns to Athens. A bitter civil war breaks out between the communist ELAS guerilla army and government forces (comprising republicans, liberals, fascists, royalists and conservatives Greece is a republic from 1924 to 1936. With some popular support, the Greek monarchy is re - established in 1936 after many tumultuous events. The new prime minister, Ioannis Metaxas, has a grand vision for a third great Greek civilisation. He introduces economic, educational and industrial reforms, including the 8 - hour working day, debt - relief for farmers, the teaching of demotic (folk) Greek in schools, and the social security system. He makes significant diplomatic progress with neighbouring countries, bringing stability to the economy.However, his mission of creating a Hellenic culture of ‘pure’ Christian Orthodox Greeks leads to political parties being banned, communists arrested, strikes prohibited and the introduction of censorship.Metaxas is remembered for his defence of Greece at the commencement of WWII with the staunch reply of Ohi! (No!) to Mussolini’s demands. When Italy invades Greece from the Albanian border in October 1940, the Greek army’s counter - offensive forces the Italians to retreat, the Allied forces’ first victory in WWII World War II began the war in 1939, Greece declared its neutrality. On October 28, 1940 AD, Italy attacked Greece, Vdhrha Greeks into Albania. With the help of the Italian Army Germany Greece defeated in the April 6, 1941 m, Vaanl Germans and their allies Greece, and destroyed its economy. The Greeks created the underground resistance movements, was the best in the Europe.Germans began withdrawing from Greece in 1944, where he entered the British troops in October. The civil war broke out in Athens in December, and lasted until 1945. World War II ended in May 1945, Greece was a founding member of the United Nations.Elections were held in March 1946, and formed the government ownership, George II returned to the throne in September. At the end of 1946, a communist rebellion against the government occurred, the cause of the outbreak of the civil war that lasted until 1949. The rebels were defeated because of the large economic and military aid received by Greece from the United States of America. King George died in 1947 and was succeeded on the throne by his brother Paul first. In the same year Greece regained Dodicans Islands after the conclusion of a peace treaty with Italy.From 1951 to 1960, in the aftermath of the civil war, Greece is economically dependent on US aid. Almost 12% of the population emigrates to Australia, Canada and Germany.Until 1964, Greece is ruled by conservative parties, the divisions between communists and anti - communists profoundly affecting every aspect of political and civil life. The government’s anti - communist direction, which includes US support, shifts in 1964 with the election of the Centre Union Party and George Papandreou as president.This period is short lived. The government falls in July 1965. A succession of coalition governments formed by conservatives and rebel liberals follows. The instability creates the opportunity for the Greek military to step in. Seizing power in 1967, they hand control to the right - wing colonels, under the leadership of George Papadopoulos It was in the fifties political stability and economic growth, and Greece joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1952. In 1953 allowed the United States to establish military bases in Greece.Crisis between Greece and Turkey have occurred because of the island of Cyprus, where he called the Greek Cypriots to join Greece, and organized a revolutionary movement backed by the Greek government. And faced the opposition of Britain and Turkey. It was agreed between Greece, Turkey and Britain on granting Cyprus independence in 1960.In 1952 a law was passed giving women the right to vote, and political office in Greece. In the fifties of the twentieth century, during the reign of Carmnlis, a major development in the Greek economy has happened because of aid from the United States. Carmnlis resigned in 1963. King Paul died a year and was succeeded on the throne of his son Constantine II, then signed a confrontation between Constantine and Papandreou on political king's authority and control over the army, and the isolation of Constantine Papandreou in 1965, which weakened the government. In order to reach stability in the government, parliament was dissolved in April 14, 1967 AD, did not hold elections, despite the May 28 date to determine her.On April 21, 1967 of the army laid siege to the king's palace, and the offices of the government, and leaders, and the radio station. And formed a committee composed of three military authoritarian government. The Committee consisted of Colonel George Papadopoulos commander, Brigadier General Stylians Patakos, and Colonel Nkoulos Macrizaus. The Commission has restricts freedoms, and to prevent any political activity, and conducted mass arrests, and imposed strict censorship on newspapers, and canceled hundreds of private organizations that are not supported.Constantine and remained the property without authority, try to December 13, 1967 m isolate the military commission, but failed, he fled with his family to Italy. Trustee Committee appointed to the throne of King Place, Papadopoulos and declared himself prime minister and minister of defense. To get the support of the people, the release of prisoners, except for 200 prisoners, mostly communists, and reduced the censorship of the press, and canceled the debt of farmers to the banks. In 1968 he announced the new constitution gave greater authority to the prime minister, and suspended freedom of the press and parliamentary elections, and a lot of individual rights.Restore democracy. Failed coup carried out by officers from the army in May 1973, King Constantine and accused the government of orchestrating the coup. In June 1973, Papadopoulos announced the end of the monarchy and the beginning of the Republic, and became president of Greece in August, and began to attend the parliamentary elections. On November 25 the military coup group, the government Fazelt appointed team Fedun Jazaks president.Renewed conflict between Turkey and Greece over Cyprus in 1974, it was agreed to a truce; to prevent the expansion of the war between the two countries, The impact of this on the government, and led to the collapse, summoned commanders Constantine Carmnlis, to become prime minister in the July 24, 1974 AD.In November, the first elections were held for ten years, and won the New Democratic Party, led by Carmnlis. In December, the people voted to make the country a republic and a new constitution for the country in 1975.
الملخص:
المصادر:

العلاقات الهندية - الصينية (1964 - 1976) == Indian - Chinese Relationships (1964 - 1976)

اسم المؤلف: محمد يونس عبد الله الياسري
اسم المشرف: فاهم نعمة ادريس الياسري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة واسط - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: واسط
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The historical studies and events do not obtain a big significance in Asia in general and the relationships between China and India in particular. So, they need scientific investigation in Arab and Iraqi Universities. This study is a source to shed the light on this topic and a good addition to check all aspects concerning the historical dimensions.It is well - known that the historical studies try to show the civilizations and original of the countries all over the world because they contain academic analysis and cultural transmissions of these countries. China and India are the biggest and the most important countries in this continental because of the their populations and geographical location. Thus , both have a huge effect in Asia and the world. Asia occurs in the heart of the world so, it is the core of competence and international conflict from the beginning of 1950s. It also involve many nations such as middle Asia, east, south and west Asia, therefore, the competence between the two biggest nations( China and India) takes different forms and both try to increase its power in this region.The significance of location of China and India comes from India location on the sea passes which connect Europe with east that contains natural sources and New economic countries like China and other Asian countries. In addition, India lies in the middle between United Kingdom and Russia on southern Chinese sea which connects the Pacific Ocean with the Indian Ocean through Malacca and Yashi channel as well as Solo sea and they consider very important waterways to link China with other countries.The significance of this study comes from investigating very important topic, containing the policy and competence in Asia and international relations and the results on the regional relations and international. Another reason of this significance is the few studies in historical issues in Asia , particularly China and India and their role in the global system. Studying The Chinese and Indian experience and the development in both countries and what they have achieved, may help researchers to focus Asian studies and discover the benefits from this experience.As result of the huge development in industry and economics that these countries reached. Furthermore, their plans in agriculture which took part in human development and security. There is another significance, which is identifying the relationships in success to set off the Atom experience 1964.After that, China became great power.The study consists of an introductory chapter, containing description of modern history of China since Manchu’s fall and P.R. China appeared in 1948. The second section deals with the history of India till Kashmir war in 1949. The third one handles with the relationships between China and India till 1960, the year of negotiations between them about borders.The first chapter shows the relations between China and India from 1962 - 1965 and it is divided into three sections : the first deals with the negotiations between China and India about the problem of the borders 1962 and the results of that war. The second is an explanation of that war while the third showed the Indian policy towards China and the war between India and Pakistan in Kashmir.The second chapter showed the relations between China and India from 1966 - 1968, as well as the cultural revolution in China and its influence in and out of China. It also contains the Indira Gandhi`s Arrival to the authority in 1966 and her policy and change in that phase Chapter three also involved the directions of those relations and the effects of other countries on those relations in addition to the process of joining UN. Chapter four deals with the political relations from 1971 - 1976 and in involves three sections the first the war of borders between India and Pakistan and Chinese attitude. The second one studied the relations between US and China and attitude of India about this issue, as well as the effort of being close and solving the problems.The study follows the historical style to find out information and analyze data and using English documents books that studied the topic previously.Description technique is followed and contrastive papers are used to discover the deepest , complex between China and India. Finally, the study involves a conclusion , containing the results that the researcher tries to investigate.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الصراع على العرش وولاية العهد في انكلترا (1672 - 1701) == The Dispute On Crown And The Mandate of Covenant In England (1672 - 1701)

اسم المؤلف: ماريا حسن مغتاظ التميمي
اسم المشرف: عبد الله حميد مرزوك حسين العتابي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The history of England in the second half of the seventeenth century is regarded as one of important topics because it contained several external and internal conflicts suffered by England in all that historical period that distinguished by the lack of sources and references about it especially the period of conflict for throne and succession in England (1672 - 1701). This study is an attempt to understand the hidden reasons of conflict for the throne and succession in England (1672 - 1701) and to reveal the factors contributing in ablazing that conflict. Moreover, this study presented a clear model for the nature of international conflict amony the European great powers : England, France and Holland, It also presented an obvious model embodying the condition of the struggle between the royal power and the parliament power in England that did not end but by the Glorious Revolution in 1688. This study consists of introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, appendices, maps and a list of resources and references on which this study depended. The first chapters entitled "The Political development in England in (1660 - 1672). It included four sections as follows : 1. The restoration of Charles II to reign England in 1660. 2. The relationships between charles II and parliament in its two houses : Lords and commons during the period 1661 - 1672. 3. The foreign policy adopted by Charles II and its impact on the internal conditions of England. 4. The religious police adopted by Charles II and its effect on the latter political developments. The second chapter entitled : "The internal and external developments in England and their influence on the activation of struggle for the position of crown prince". This chapter consists of five sections as follows : 1. The escalation of struggle between Charles II and English parliament till 1679, this struggle characterized with a condition similar to pendulum since no party of them won or lost. This period witnessed internal developments reflected in the nature of relationship between the king and the common house. 2. The Catholic plot and its impact on excluding the crown prince from England. The protestants felt that the English Catholics endeavor to destroy their kingdom and religion especially that James "The Duke of York" converted to Catholicism. Therefore, the Protestant fabricated a false tale to prove that there was a Catholic plot based on correspondence referred that there was a plan to assassinate the king. 3. The position of the king Charles II towards the Bills of Exclusion aiming to deprive him of the position of crown prince in 1679 - 1681. The king rejected these bills firmly despite of all financial and political pressures made by the common house to make him accept them, instead he moved to be with France that provided him with money, He hurried to dissolve the parliament to exceed the crisis of the exclusion bills. 4. The struggle for the position of crown prince and its influence that produced two parties : Wig and Tory in England, Most researchers who dealt with parties in England confined themselves to presenting general information about parties without giving any details, this section highlighted these parties. 5. The foreign policy adopted by the king Charles II (1672 - 1675) and the Anglo - Dutch war (1672 - 1674), its reasons, operations and results, in addition to the French and Dutch influences on the internal field of England. The third chapter entitled "The Political developments in the reign of the king James II and their influence on the conflict for the English throne (1685 - 1688). This chapter included three sections as follows : 1. The internal policy adopted by the king James II. He was an autocratic and inflexible king especially in his dealing with the parliament. He repressed the revolts and expanded the army. 2. The escalation of religious differences in the reign of James II especially after issuing laws by him to support the Catholics in England, Such laws led to increasing the difference between the king and the parliament. 3. The Foreign relationships of England and their impact on the English throne through studying the English relationships with Rome especially with the Pope, as well as with France and Holland. The fourth chapter entitled "The struggle for the throne of England (1688 - 1701) it included four sections as follows : 1. The Dutch invasion of England and the Glorious Revolution. 2. The Coronation of William III and Mary II as two king of England. 3. The religious policy adopted by William III particularly the laws of religious tolerance and the position of parliament and English people towards such laws. 4. The conflict for the English throne 1690 - 1701 and the attempts made by James II to regain his throne till his death in 1701.
الملخص:
المصادر:

النشاط الاقتصادي في بلاد الجريد من القرن الرابع حتى نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري (301 - 799هـ / 913 - 1396م) == Economic Activity In Biledulgerid From The Fourth Century Until The End of The Eighth Century AH

اسم المؤلف: سلام جبار منشد الاعاجيبي
اسم المشرف: سادسة حلاوي حمود
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة واسط - كلية التربية - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: واسط
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Provided constitute historical studies on economic activity - especially if the list to understand this activity - of paramount importance at the present time, it represents a vital aspect in specialized in the economic field of Islamic history studies. Biledulgerid and is one of the areas of economic importance in African Islamic since the Islamic conquest to the present, from the fact that the location and economic resources which were a major factor in guiding the country's history and incidents occurring in addition the country has gained economic importance of two key elements can consider the origin of life and continue permanence the two water and palm trees, If God made from water every living thing, that life with a distinct nature in relation to the desert area dry and isolated, as it is surrounded by manure salt to the west and the sand dunes to the south, and the eyes Biledulgerid many behind palm planting oases and the emergence of it, and this can count palm key witness to the history of this country and the human existence where, as protected it during different times of famine abounded that he signed the biggest in other areas not far from Biledulgerid. The geographical location of Biledulgerid link between the cities of Africa's Sahel and Sahara on the one hand, and between Egypt and Cyrenaica in the east and the country Amorbin and Far East on the other hand, make it important for a lot of countries that have emerged in North Africa, especially in the economic sphere, the famous Biledulgerid date production and olives, grapes and other fruit, as well as human activity to the population of different affiliations and economic skills. One of the direct reasons that prompted the researcher to choose this study Kmoduah for his doctoral thesis and studied in the time period referred to in the title, that Biledulgerid witnessed many political events varied objectives of the revolution, rebellion, insurrection, had signed affecting the economic activity in the country, and in spite of the marked This country's economic strength that has made them an important economic center in the Islamic Maghreb. This study was to shed light on the economic activity in the Biledulgerid explaining its significance and its relationship to the geographical location that effect clearly on the path of political events in the country, it became the focus of attention of the emerging countries in the Islamic Maghreb, which wanted desperately to control them to take advantage of important economic resources. The whale Agriculture bulk of economic activity in that country, particularly products of dates, olives and other fruit, and perhaps ironic that such possibilities and important area has not received to soon share in the research and study son researchers, and perhaps the illness back our opinion, the geographers and travelers Muslims they prefer housing and visit the urban main Kalawasam major cities, and then visit these areas to collect information about them, but their writings primarily been about great metropolises, so researcher found a big bother to collect the available information and to fly in the stomachs of the sources, who spoke about this country, and because the information contained therein for the area The study was brief, to the difficulty of tracking information mentioned by travelers and geographers, because they include a very large and places far apart, and inhabited them away from each other varying distances, especially that in the Sahara and the impact of the inception of the oases. We did not find on this subject in modern academic studies only some plucking of the information contained in previous studies related to the Islamic Maghreb in general, such as Dr. thesis healing Mohamed Hassan tagged (commercial activity in the Islamic Maghreb, from the fourth century to the ninth century), and the message Mrs. Ban Ali Mohammed al - Bayati, (commercial activity in Morocco Far from the third century to the fifth century AH), and the message Mr. Haris Ali Abdullah (economic activity in Morocco East from the third century to the middle of the fifth century AH). Contents of the thesis : This consists of the thesis from the front of the boot and four chapters, followed by the conclusion of the three supplements, try researcher from which the four seasons are secured interrelated, containing the main axes of the subject in line with the thesis title, as well as a list of sources and references to the adopted this study.Initially boot to study the political situation in Biledulgerid between years was (301 AH - 799 AH), followed by the first chapter, entitled (Biledulgerid geographical elements of the population), and included four topics dealt with Section I (the label and geographic location) The second section was devoted to clarify (natural terrain) In the third section focused on the (cities Biledulgerid) and addressed the fourth section (elements of the population). The second chapter Me (b agricultural activity in Biledulgerid), Department this to five topics included the first section (agriculture and the factors affecting them), while the inclusion of the second section (farming methods and methods) The third section we dealt with it (the irrigation system and methods) and studied fourth topic (types of agricultural crops), and finally included Section V (grazing, animal husbandry and fishing).The third chapter focused on the (industrial activity in Biledulgerid), and the thrust of this chapter four topics dealt with Section I (industry factors affecting it) and touched second topic on (food industry), while the third section handled (textile industries and wood), and focused fourth topic on (other industries).In the fourth chapter studied (markets and financial systems), and included this chapter four topics was the first title (and the kinds of markets), while the display second section, (units financial credit), and the third on (currencies, weights and measures and metrics). The fourth topic Fajss to study the (government oversight on the market). He studied in Chapter V (commercial activity in Biledulgerid), as it has been divided into four topics included the first section (trade factors affecting them), and touched second section to (internal trade) and focused the third section on the (foreign trade), while the fourth section Fajss to study (varieties traders and transport workers). It emerged from this study that the country witnessed a flourishing economic activity in various aspects and gave the geographical location of Biledulgerid in South Africa is particularly important to her, as to make it a land route link between the African on the one hand, and the countries of western Sudan, on the other hand, while the Gulf of Gabes first Coastal cities starting point freely around Europe, Andalusia and the Levant.The most prominent manifestations of economic activity in the Biledulgerid, is that the increase in population numbers during the period of the study, especially after the semicircular migration to Africa, was Biledulgerid of the important attractions of these tribes, thanks to the economic prosperity and had dhimmis a big role in the prosperity of the economic activity of through the provision of manpower skills and experience, especially in the field of leather industry and jewelery. Characterized Biledulgerid the diversity of its cities and its geographical location and the diversity of water sources and multiplicity which make them play a big role in the economic activity of the country, also contributed to political stability and economic prosperity, which reflected positively on economic activity, but that the governors Biledulgerid bear a great responsibility in the destruction of their cities Because of the large number of harboring rebels such as sedition Abu Zeid and the outside Bani Ghanaian and sedition adoptee, which exposed the country's military campaigns led several countries that came to African rule for the purpose of subjection, which cast a shadow over economic activity. The diversity of agricultural crops function evidence on the evolution of economic activity in the Biledulgerid, as it was produced and Vera between palm trees and olive and pistachio, which he covered many parts of the country of Morocco and neighboring countries, as well as the types of flowers. It is evidence of the function on the abundance of agricultural production in Biledulgerid, the high number of collection during the reign of countries that came to its verdict, which reached more often to more than two hundred thousand dinars. Agricultural prosperity was accompanied prosperity of Animal Production, which made princes who took turns to govern this country, seeking to appropriate pastoral attention centers for animal husbandry. Had a variety of different industries between textile and leather construction, a big impact in giving Biledulgerid a prominent place among the other countries and had a flourishing agriculture and industry, a positive reflection on the internal and external trade, which flourished and clarified Mwalimhma through internal and external trade routes diversity as illustrated in the large diversity of commercial prosperity landmarks mutual Binmdn Biledulgerid and other countries goods, Azahtlt products with multi - species, such as textiles and dates as well as the first Alvestqalemratb in business activity, as well as on other products, and they are given a wide range of Aldaa to Biledulgerid and consistent with the need for the main and most important imports Sudan - west, such as gold Lawson elephant, as well as on it benefited them products from European countries such as mercury, dyes and other products from the Islamic Orient, as well as the diversity of groups working in the trade, Some brokers and agents and those who followed different systems at work, such as parity in profit or company in trade and other operations and the diversity of coins in circulation in Biledulgerid, as some of them hits the central authority (Fatimid and Zaria and Almohad and Hafsia), others beaten by the rebels to power the likes of Abe over the outside and the children of a mosque in the city of Gabes during the Arab control semicircular, or currency adoptee in the era State Hafsid, and Ahira prices affected the political circumstances in which the country passed, making it the great disparity between the licenses at times, and at other times of price rises.
الملخص:
المصادر:

العلاقات العسكرية بين العراق والولايات المتحدة الامريكية 1945 - 1958 == The Military Relations Between Iraq And The United States of America (1945 - 1958)

اسم المؤلف: بسام شبيب محمد
اسم المشرف: اميرة حسين محمود الكريمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ينطلق السؤال منذ البداية وهو سؤال مشروع مفاده لماذا الاقدام على كتابة اطروحة في موضوع "العلاقات العسكرية بين العراق والولايات المتحدة الاميركية" للمدة 1945 - 1958,اذ ان هذا النمط التعاوني للعلاقات الدولية بين دولتين يحمل في طياته محاولة التاثير على قرار ا | The question is set from the beginning which should a scholar write about a dissertation about “The Military Relations between Iraq and the United States of America (1945 - 1958).” In answer to that, we would like to refer to a very crucial that the Unites States of America was, and still is, a great nation, whether on region or international level. This shows the political, economic, military, demographic and even cultural weight of the Unites States, especially in the field of mutual relationship in the five continents. After the end of World War II (1939 - 1945). The United States occupied the leadership position on all levels, after the former leading powers of the world i.e. France and Britain, declined as a result of the weakness. That made the United States assumes the position of leadership for the strength of economy and army and the distance from military operation during war. In spite of competing of the USSR which appeared as a superpower after the war, the weight of the United States remained powerful in the Middle - East, when the United States appeared as an inheritor of the former powers (Britian and France) which manifested itself in the importance eof the srtion. Iraq occupies a very strategic importance that made it a connection link between the east and the west. It also is located at the southern border of the USSR. Iraq is only 120 miles far from the USSR.The study is divided into many chapters : Chapter One is about the international variables after the WWII and the development of the United States in the Middle - East in general and in Iraqi in particular, and its rush to arm the Iraqi Army.Chapter Two deals with the policy of mutual defense policy, shedding light on the triple in May 1950, and the formation of the of the Middle - East Leadership, the attitude of Britain from the American aids to Iraq, especially if we know that Iraqi is associated with Britain already in Britain 1930, that made it the first exporter of weapons of Iraqi Army.Chapter Three deals with the regional and security agreement that led to the increase of the connection of Iraq with the United States, and the tendency of Iraq in particular. The chapter deals with the Turkish - Pakistani in April 1945. Then, we stated the continuation of the negotiations of Iraq and the United States, each one showed interest in the other. This led to the Mutual Security Agreement in April 1945, which is an important point for the United States. Chapter four required to be about Baghdad Pact and the joining of Iraq to this pact and stating the American role in the Pact and the American military aid giving to Iraq.The dissertation ends up with a number of findings.
الملخص:
المصادر:

العلاقات السياسية اللبنانية - السورية (1958 - 1975) == Lebanese - Syrian Relations 1958 - 1975

اسم المؤلف: انوار سعدون نجم
اسم المشرف: اسراء شريف الكعود
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Syrian - Lebanese relations may be the strangest of the existing relations between two countries, gathering them together many interlaced and correlated issues historically and geographically, However, that privacy was weak and tense, because any political event can tense the relation between them, And harm the essence of their common interests, and puts the two peoples into a confrontation that could reach the hostility and hatred limits, and destroys everything gathering them, sometimes, these disputes open the door for outside parties that don't care about their interests but to deepen the tension atmospheres.Syria was a major title for the policy, and the political - economical relations of Lebanon with the other countries was depended on it, Lebanon has been a constant concern for each political leadership that rules Syria, its role on the international map and in the regional area determined in light of the relationship of that leadership with Lebanon.So, we cannot study the Lebanese - Syrian relations without talking about its complex history, although those relations were established and built properly, but they were not stable and steady, and in spite of the common agreements and data and the statements, those relations remained need to a future vision, providing the suitable foundations to form a strong relation between the two countries.The Arab religion subjected to a colonial scheme, aims to ensure the colonial interests on the Arab countries account. Henry Kissinger scheme Which leads to draw a new geographical map, and political on the basis of the sectarian and religious sort of entity - the government in the Arab countries was the model Which the major colonial circles sought to devote it now from Lebanon in particular - that dividing it into a series of narrow sectarian cantons is just to generalize the Zionist project that one of its stages was carried out in 1948, and its other stages is continuous so far throughout the sectarian policy (Al - kantanah) on the Arab countries one after the other, So the cantons that likely to be established will be remained subjected to relations of permanent tension between them, which will meet with Zionist strategy - colonial in their quest to practice the role of arbiter between these weak cantons, which has only one service, which is to serve as a safety valve (the Jewish state) in a civilized alternative to dedicated at the account of Arab - Islamic civilization in the region.I divided my research into a methodical production, and four chapters, and a conclusion, and was distributed as follows : The introduction dealt with the theoretical framework and the goal of preparing this research, and presenting some new hypothesis and conclusions. I divided the first unit titled as the historical roots of the Lebanese - Syrian relations until 1958 into five chapters, the first chapter reviewed the rise of the Lebanese - Syrian relations throughout a historical introduction starting at the beginning of the world war two 1914 until the rising of Lebanon and Syria 1920, and the French mandate upon them, also studied the French policy and the division scheme to declare the grand government of Lebanon 1920 and its impact in Syria, focusing on the secret report sent by general (Gourand) to the French president (Millerand), under the title of scheme to organize the French mandate in Syria, that made room for France to draw the Syrian country map that serves its interests. And focused on the Lebanese - Syrian relations in the light of the Lebanese constitution declaration 1926, according to the French scheme that aims to prepare models of constitutions give a juristic aspect on the political division among Syria from on hand and between it and Lebanon from the other hand, but the declaration of the birth of two constitutions one of them is Syrian and the another is Lebanese was a harbinger of tense relations between the two countries, down to the signing of the Lebanese French treaty, and the Syrian - French treaty 1936, where France wanted to keep its colonial existence and determined its relations with Syria, while the second chapter dealt with the Syrian - Lebanese situation about the rise of the second world war 1939 until the British - French withdrawal 1946, where it focused on the presidential elections in Lebanon and Syria 1946, and the situation of the two countries about British - French withdrawal 1946 and the arriving to the full independence.The third chapter dealt with the Syrian coups and its impact on the Lebanese - Syrian relations 1949 - 1950, and the frequent military coups, formed an important turning point in the history of economic and political relations between the two countries, and the economic estrangement between Lebanon and Syria 1950 was discussed.While the fourth chapter dealt with Developments affecting the Lebanese - Syrian relations 1950 - 1958, Local, sectarian and political impacts, And the deterioration of the internal security conditions in Lebanon, especially the opposition to the president Beshara El Khoury asking him to Resign, that took place in September 18 1952, down to electing Kameel Shamoun president to the Lebanese republic 1952.The fifth chapter focused on the situation of Syria and Lebanon towards the international alliances particularly Baghdad alliance 1955 and the supported situation of Lebanon to the alliance, and the opposition of Syria toward it and toward all the western alliances, and also discussed the principle of Eisenhower 1957 and the formal support of Lebanon to it, and the opposition of Syria to it.In the second unit, I dealt with the political developments and its impact in the Lebanese - Syrian relations (1958 - 1964), the unit was divided into six chapters. The first chapter dealt with the Lebanese - Syrian relations 1958 - 1964, talked about the unity rising between Syria and Egypt 1958 and the situation of Lebanon toward it, down to the confession of the united Arab republic, and the local reactions in Lebanon toward the rising of the united Arab republic, the second chapter includes the Lebanese - Syrian relations in the In the era of the president Fouad Shehab 1958 - 1964 and dealt with the conditions of electing him, and US, French and British situation of electing Fouad Shehab, and I stopped in this chapter at the Lebanese - Syrian relations in the era of the president Fouad Shehab 1958 - 1961, and Al Khaimah meeting between Jamal Abdul Naser the president of the united Arab republic (Syria and Egypt) and Fouad Shehab the president of Lebanon in at March 25, 1958 and the stability of Lebanon, I also dealt with the separation impact upon the Lebanese - Syrian relations 1961, and the situation of Lebanon toward it.While the second chapter was titled as Syria situation toward the Syrian Social Nationalist Party coup 1961 and the Syrian government situation that is rejected to the coup, and the fourth chapter dealt with the stability of the Lebanese - Syrian relations 1962 - 1964, and the Lebanese situation toward the political coups in Syria and its impact on the relations between the two countries.The fifth chapter dealt with the Lebanese - Syrian relations from March 8 1963 to 23 September 1964, and dealt with the coup in Syria, and welcoming it by the Lebanese government, then the Lebanese government welcomed the tripartite (Egyptian - Syrian - Iraqi) unity.The third unit titled as the Lebanese - Syrian relations in the era of the president Sharel el Helou from September 23 1964 to September 23 1970, the first chapter talked about the authority arrival of the president Sharel el Helou and the Syrian situation toward him.While the second chapter dealt with the foundation of Palestinian liberation organization 1964, and the role of the first Arab summit, in the foundation of that organization and considering it a legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. The third chapter focused on the Arabian - Israeli struggle and its reflections on the Lebanese scene and about the relation between Lebanon and Syria, and June 1967 war and its setbacks on the Lebanese scene and on the relation between (Lebanon and Syria), and the formal Lebanese situation and the head of government situation, and talked about the situation of the Lebanese Parliamentary council toward the (Israeli) attack against Egypt and Syria.The fourth chapter dealt with the war reflections on the Lebanese - Syrian relations, and the content of Cairo deal, referring to the attack on Beirut international airport In December 1968 and the Lebanese reactions, and the international and the Arabian reactions toward it, and also focused on the US political interference in Lebanon and its impact on the relation with Syria. And I stopped in the fifth chapter at the political reality in Syria and its reflections on the relations with Lebanon.The fourth unit dealt with the development of the Lebanese - Syrian relations from 1970 to 1975, where the first chapter dealt with the presidential elections and the relation with Syria until 1973, and the importance of the presidential elections 1970, and the situation in Lebanon 1970 - 1973 and its impact on the Lebanese - Syrian relations, and dealt with the situation of Lebanese head of the government toward Lebanese - Syrian agreement, and the parlementary reactions upon this agreement, and the development of the Lebanese - Syrian relations 1971 - 1973.While the second chapter dealt with the internal political conditions in Lebanon and its impact on the relation on Syria 1973 Especially the internal conditions that worsened as a result of accidents between the Lebanese and the Palestinians and the deterioration of the Syrian relations during that stage.And the third chapter dealt with the Lebanese - Syrian relations 1973 and October 1973 war, and the situation of the Egyptian - Syrian fronts, and the Arab reactions toward the decision 338, and Lebanon situation toward the oil war 1973, the chapter referred to some internal issues and the relation with Syria, and studied the division due to the Palestinian existence, and the corruption in the army foundation, and the Palestinians and arming, and dealt with the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon humanly.The fourth chapter dealt with February 26 demonstration 1975 and its repercussions, and the repercussions of the attack on the Maarouf Saad, and the accident of Ain Alrumanah and the beginning of the open battle with the Phalange (Kataeb).
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الفكر السياسي في انكلترا (1640 - 1660) == Political Thought In England (1640 - 1660)

اسم المؤلف: يونس عباس نعمة الياسري
اسم المشرف: ربيع حيدر طاهر الموسوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية الاداب - قسم التاريخ
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: النجف
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The field of research and teaching known as the Political Thought of England(1640 - 1660), The domestic dispute about the relative rights of monarch and parliament is a dispute about relations that are thought of as being themselves within the law. The d
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التطورات السياسية في المملكة العربية السعودية 1982 - 1995 == Political Developments In Kingdom Saudi Arabia 1982 - 1995

اسم المؤلف: يوسف سامي فرحان حسين الدليمي
اسم المشرف: عبد المجيد عبد الحميد علي العاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة الانبار - كلية الاداب
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The History of Kingdom Saudi Arabia was Carried many of political Developments between 1982 - 1995. It was Showed in The Internal Political Field of Saudi many of events and developments, Such as, The death of king Khalid, and The Assumption of king Fahad
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الاوقاف والخدمات الوقفية في ولاية بغداد في العهد العثماني الاخير 1831 - 1917 م == Waqfs And Endowmenal Services In The Vilayet of Baghdad In The Late Ottoman Era 1831 - 1917 A.D

اسم المؤلف: وفاء وليد حسين العزاوي
اسم المشرف: جميل موسى النجار
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: الجامعة المستنصرية - كلية التربية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study on titled (endowment and the endowment services in Baghdad vilayet at the Ottoman late time 1831 - 1917) has included introduction, preamble and four chapters and a conclusion, also appendixes and list of references.The researcher has displayed
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الصلات الحضارية بين الفكر المسيحي والفكر الاسلامي في الاسكندرية من القرن الثالث حتى القرن التاسع الميلادي == The Civilized Relations Between Christian Thought And Islamic Thought In Alexandria From Third To Ninth Century A.D.

اسم المؤلف: هدى علي حيدر كاكە یی
اسم المشرف: داود سلمان خلف الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2014
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية التربية ابن رشد للعلوم الانسانية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: My dissertation is under the title " The Civilized Relations between Christian Thought and Islamic Thought in Alexandria from Third to Ninth Century A.D.". It deals with the scientific and civilized aspects and their intellectual reflections in both Chris
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ال ابي طالب خلال الحكم العباسي : دراسة تحليلية للعلاقات الطالبية - العباسية في العصر العباسي الاول، للسنوات (132 - 193 هـ / 750 - 809 م)

اسم المؤلف: نذير صبار عبد الله
اسم المشرف: مرتضى حسن النقيب
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2008
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية الاداب
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
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