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التتابع الجيني لطفيليات Entamoeba histolytica, E. dispar and E. Moshkoviskii في محافظة القادسية == Phylogenetic Sequeincing For Spesies Entamoeba Histolytica, E. Dispar, E. Moshkoviskii In Al - Qadisiya Province

Author name: هبة رياض جميل العبودي
Supervisor name: هادي مدلول حمزة الميالي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة للمدة من بداية اذار 2014 والى نهاية ايلول 2014 وشملت على مراجعين مستشفى الديوانية العام ومستشفى النسائية والاطفال في محافظة القادسية ومختبرات التحليل الاهلية في المحافظة, وقد تم فحص679 عينة براز باستخدام طريقة المسحة المباشرة لمختلف الفئ | This study has been conducted for the period from the first of March 2014 until September 2014 and included the auditors to Diwaniya General Hospital and Women's Hospital and children in the province of Diwaniya and civil analytical laboratories in the province. A sample of 679 of auditors' stool have been examined by using the direct swab from different age groups and both sexes. The study shows that 61.26% of people have been infected by screened amoeba parasite. Real time PCR was used in this study to diagnose Amoeba species in 200 samples. Result shows that Entamoeba histolytica had highest percentage of incident followed by Entamoeba dispar then Entamoeba moshkoviskii, which were 74 %, 26 %, and 7 % respectively.Statistical level of ?=0.05presents significant differences between then. Percentage of positive molecular test samples was higher than the negative ones; they were 88% and 12%. Molecular diagnoses were used in this study. E. histolytica had highest individual incident followed by E.disbar then E. moshkoviskii : 56% 10%, and 1% respectively. Using significant level of 0.05, significant differences were appeared. Rates of mixed infections of E. histolytica + E. dispar followed by E. moshkoviskii + histolytica then E. moshkoviskii + E. dispar, which were 14%, 4%, and 2% respectively. Statistics shows significant differences between them at ? =0.05. Symptoms of individual incident of the three Amoeba sorts were observed and recorded. Patients who had E. histolytica, severed from acute diarrhea that ranged between mucous and watery texture, which its color contrast between brown and reddish brown. They had bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain that ranged from severe to moderate colic. They had also slight temperature increase and weight loss. For those who had E.disbar, abdominal pain and frequent pale yellow diarrhea that semi - aqueous texture were recorded. Symptoms of : moderate yellowish brown snotty diarrhea, abdominal pain and, weight loss were observed for those who had E. moshkoviskii. R.T.PCR (Taqman Probe) was used to isolate samples and to investigate the three pathogenic virulence genes, which are Cystiene Proteinase, Amebopore, and Gal/Gal Nac Lectin. This was done in each of Amoeba’s species using R.T.PCR (Syber Green). According to it, E. histolytica possesses Cystiene Proteinase 1, Amebopore, and Gal/Gal Nac Lectin at 86.6%, 80.35%, and 42.8% respectively. Non - significant differences were found at ? =0.05 between them. For E.disbar, result shows existence of the same pathogenic virulence genes at percentages of 65%, 45%, and 20% respectively. Result presents significant differences among percentage of genes isolation for the pathogenic virulence factors at ? =0.05. E. moshkoviskii had these three pathogenic virulence genes at percentage of 33.3% by isolating the virulence genes except Gal/Gal Nac Lactin, there were significant differences among them at ? =0.05. This study was conducted to understand the molecular characterization confirmatory of the three types of insulators parasite using traditional enzyme chain polymerize reaction as a first stage to investigate the 18s ribosomal RNA covenantal. It represents personal heritage of the three types of amoeba. Depending on the same gene, developed tree were analyzed for Amoeba’s species using method of Neighber - Joining among different groups of the stains for each species separately using MEGA6 program. Knowing convergence rates of the used stains and international isolators from NCBI, Blast program was used. Since there is no study has been done to study nitrogenous bases sequence for these three species, samples undertook molecular characterization confirmatory was registered in the national data base center (NCBI). International serial numbers were obtained and attached to the dissertation.

استعمال بعض انواع الطحالب والنباتات المائية في المعالجة الحيوية لمياه محطات المعالجة في مدينة الديوانية - العراق == Using of Some Dominant Algae And Aquatic Plants In Bioremediation of Waste Water From Wastewater Plants In Al - Dewaniya City, Iraq

Author name: رائد كاظم عبد الاسدي
Supervisor name: فؤاد منحر علكم | حسين يوسف الركابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Aquatic Environment
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على نوعين من المياه العادمة الصناعية المطروحة من مصنع نسيج الديوانية والمياه العادمة البلدية من محطة معالجة الديوانية، وللمدة من ربيع 2011 الى ربيع 2012 وهدفت الى اجراء مراقبة فصلية لنوعية المياه الداخلة لمحطتي المعالجة والخارجة منها | The current study has been conducted on two types of waste water, industrial wastewater from Al - Dewaniyah textile factory station1, station 2 and municipal wastewater from Al - Dewaniyah wastewater treatment plant station 3, station 4 in the City of Al - Dewaniyah - Iraq., for the period from Spring2011 to Spring 2012 and targeted monitoring quarterly the quality of water entering and leaving the stations.The study also includes the evaluation of the efficiency of some algae and aquatic plants to improve water quality via bioremediation of some pollutants in the water. The evaluation of water quality includes18 parameters as confirmed on spatial and temporal changes of these parameters, as well as the algal contents of these four stations(S1, S2, S3and S4). The results of physical and chemical analysis show the following ranges of : temperature (12.5 - 41.5°C), total dissolved solids TDS(692 - 1384.6 mg/l), total suspended solids TSS(58 - 277.4 mg/l), electrical conductivity EC(1225 - 2045µS/cm2), pH(7.0 - 7.8), dissolved oxygen DO(0.7 - 8.51mg/l), biological oxygen demand BOD(48.82 - 205 mg/l), total alkalinity (170.7 - 428 mg/l), total hardness TH (412 - 1623.3 mg/l), calcium (89.7 - 204.14 mg/l), magnesium (37.7 - 332.5 mg/l), nitrite (0.43 - 12.25 mg/l), nitrate(6.18 - 63.75 mg/l), phosphate (0.813 - 20.24 mg/l), lead (0.0983 - 1.076 mg/l), chromium (0.007 - 0.045mg/l), cadmium (0.0374 - 0.326 mg/l) and the total algal number(17.00 - 14202 individual/l).The spatial and temporal variations show significant differences at(P?0.05) among studied factors in the different stations.The qualitative study of algae reports that the dominance is to the blue green algae(Cyanophyta)by 46%, then is followed by diatoms(Bacillariophyta) by 26% down with Dinophyta3%, according to Shannon - Wiener index of diversity (H), the fall and winter classified as severely polluted all around the stations 0.377 and 0.669, respectively, while summer and spring are moderate pollution of a category (II) and the values of (H) is1.374 and 1.395 respectively, in situ has been observed that the stations are classified as highly polluted and have been ranked within the category(I) and the stations arranged according to the pollution as S3 <S4< S2< S1.According to Species richness index the first station S1 is the best, follows by S4, S3 while S2 comes the last in order, but in the terms of total abundance has topped the third station S3 among the others, then followed by S4, S2 and finally S1. on the other hand the current study includs laboratory investigation to demonstrate the efficiency of algae and aquatic plants to improve water quality as it has been experimenting with immobilization of algae technique, a new method has been used for the first time at the local level in the current study. The results show that the immobilized algae Stigonema sp.and Cladophora glomerata have lowered the pH of the treated wastewater which began relatively high, as well as increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations at the end of the experiment all transactions free and immobilized treatments , on the other side TSS has been reduced about 61.8% when treated with immobilized algae C.glomerata, nitrite has also been reduced at about 96.7% and 85.5% by Stigonema sp.and C.glomerata respectively, nitrate also has been reduced by 99.9% and 95.2% when treated with Scendesmus dimorphus and C.glomerata respectively, while the removal of phosphate reaches its peak when it has been treated with free Stigonema sp. and immobilized S.dimorphus by 99.92% and 98.35% respectively.The tested algae shows a great ability to reduce heavy metals, when immobilized alga Oscillatoria sp. removes about 94.27% of Lead, while free Stigonema sp. and C.glomerata are the best in Chromium removal about 92.42% and 92.35% respectively, and the C.glomerata is the best in Cadmium processing, a reduced rate of 99.21% followed by immobilized S.dimorphus of 97.13%. The current study also involves a laboratory experiment to evaluate the potential of two aquatic plants duckweed (Lemna minor L.)and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes Mart.(Solms.) in improving the quality of wastewater the tested plants have been worked at increasing the aeration of treated water by raising dissolved oxygen concentration about 85.26% and 84.4% for duckweed and water hyacinth, on the other hand the relative efficiency to reduce the pollutants by aquatic plants as follows : EC, NO2, NO3(31.66% and 28.45%, 55.7% and 50.01%, 55.7% and 13.3%)for duckweed and water hyacinth respectively, from another side water hyacinth is the most efficient in phosphate reducing at rate of 90.5% comparing with duckweed 49.78%.On the of heavy metals treatment the tested plants show a remarkable removal of lead 88.23% and 80.4% , chromium 97.84% and 95.18% for duckweed and water hyacinth respectively, with respect to cadmium, water hyacinth shows high efficiency in the removal of this metal by 98.14%, while duckweed is the least in the treatment of Cd by 81.8%. From the above results, the current study demonstrates that there are a spatial and temporal variations regarding the factors examined in the stations of wastewater treatment units and confirms that the efficiency of studied wastewater treatment stations is below the required level, which contributes in increasing the pollution of Al - Dewaniyah River, which is the unique source to supply the city with freshwater for all purposes, that receives large loads of pollutants.The study also confirms that the evaluation of the presence of algae in the studied stations.Thus the knowledge of algal composition could give an early warning and accurate assessment about the quality of sewage before dumping into river. In addition to the forgoing, it is concluded that the biological treatment (bioremediation) of wastewater using free and immobilized algae and aquatic plants have improved dramatically and tangibly the benefits of the quality of that water being a promising approach of the wastewater treatment as well as being low cost economically.

حركية بعض العناصر النزرة في النظام البيئي لنهر الديوانية == Kinetic of Some Trace Elements In The Ecosystem of Al - Diwaniya River

Author name: حيدر مشكور حسين
Supervisor name: باسم يوسف الخفاجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Environment - Environmental pollution
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study was conducted to understand the Relationship among concentration of selected of trace elements(Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in some trophic levels, water, and sediments, in Al - Diwaniya River. Samples were collected monthly for water, sediments, plant Phragmites australis (Cav.), phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish. from May (summer) 2013 up to April(spring) 2014 from three sites in Al - Diwaniya river. The current study included determine some physical and chemical parameters such as air and water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, Salinity, Light Penetration, Turbidity, Dissolved oxygen, the Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Organic Carbon of sediment, determined of the soil texture; and some trace elements in abiotic component such as water (dissolved and particulate), and in sediment, and so in biotic component included plant P. australis, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and two species of fish females (Cyprinus carpio) and (Tilapia zilli). The results showed that the air and water temperature ranged between (16.4039.55) ?C; (11.42 - 30.57) ?C respectively. The study also demonstrated that the pH values were neutral tend to light alkaline and ranged between (7.34 - 8.10), the electrical conductivity ranged between (7021 7021 - 7947 7947) µs/cm. while the TDS, ranged between (09.502 09.502 - 729950. 729950.) mg/l, according to the values of salinity ranged between (0.773 - 0.954)‰ the water of the river was classified as Oligohaline, while the values of Light Penetration ranged between (28.81 - 120.61)cm, and the turbidity ranged between (43.26 - 55.78) NTU, also showed dissolved oxygen as its value ranged between (45729 45729 - 7.979) mg/l, while the biological oxygen demand showed value ranged between (1.123 - 2.627) mg/l, The values of total organic carbon in sediments ranged between (0.440 - 1.045)%, While the sediment texture was sandy - silt in the first site, and sandy - clay in the both two and three sites of Al - Diwaniya river. Results of Concentration of trace elements (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in dissolved part ranged between (252222. 252222. - 2522724 2522724), ( 252270 252270 - 252200 252200), ( 25227. 25227. - 252290 252290), (252224. 252224. - 2522022 2522022 ) , ( 25279. 25279. - 252010 252010 ) mg/l., whereas in particulate part ranged for between (0.29 - 1.49), (3.46 - 13.04), (12.51 - 20.99), (1.08 - 4.67 ((, (65.54 - 127.51 ) µg/g dry weight. and in sediments ranged between (0.53 - 1.96), (23.93 - 49.65), (136.85 - 166.09), (4.14 - 5.92), (126.69 - 176.64) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in abiotic components was as follow : sediments> particulate part> dissolved part. in producers of Al - Diwaniya river ranged in plant P. australis from (0.07 - 0.20), (5.93 - 16.21), (8.67 - 46.87 ) , (0.89 - 2.93), (26.60 - 103.78) µg/g dry weight respectively. in phytoplankton from (0.40 - 1.77), (8.89 - 25.2), (28.0666.49), (1.47 - 3.59 ) , (103.39 - 159.70) µg/g dry weight respectively. In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in producers was as follow phytoplankton> plant P. australis. While the concentrations of trace elements in consumers in (zooplankton) of Al - Diwaniya river ranged from(0.56 - 4.41), (21.89 - 56.08), (51.64 - 152.79), (2.806.06), (137.14 - 183.61) µg/g dry weight respectively. While in two species of fish according to organs in gills of Cyprinus carpio ranged from(0.63 - 2.07) ) ) 3.19 3.90), ) ) 4.04 - 8.96) , (1.95 - 3.76), (182.14 253.89) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.41 - 1.78), (6.20 - 32.47 ) , (5.97 - 10.39), (2.06 - 5.37), (136.15 184.75) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles from (0.49 - 3.43و) , (و 2.82 10.40), (7.17 - 11.57 ) , (0.61 - 4.60 ) , (110.96 - 160.46) µg/g dry weight respectively. and ranged in gills of Tilapia zilli from(0.44 - 1.15), (1.06 - 6.83), (8.18 - 13.97 ) , (1.46 2.89) , (99.03 155.33) µg/g dry weight respectively, in liver from(0.571.64 ) , (13.08 - 28.06), ( 8.03 - 18.50), (1.32 - 3.02), (112.68 176.32) µg/g dry weight respectively, and in muscles(0.46 - 1.80), (2.42 2.93), (7.47 - 10.52), ( 0.20 - 3.16 ) , (79.74 - 153.58 ((µg/g dry weight respectively. concentrations of all trace elements in consumers always were higher than with producers and abiotic components In the Descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis., And in the organs of fish was as follow in Cyprinus carpio : gills> liver>muscle, while in Tilapia zilli was follow liver > gills >muscle. While the values of the bioconcentration factor for (Cadmium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and Zinc) in producers of the study area ranged in plant P. australis. From 747542 747542)) - 7200500 7200500), ( 0.7150. 0.7150. - 729445.4 729445.4), (..1750...1750. - 047..59. 047..59.), ( 004540 004540 411507 411507), ( 44.592 44.592 - 4740509 4740509) respectively.In phytoplankton (7027512 7027512 - 000.2522 000.2522), (.704504.704504 - 79...549 79...549), ( 7111.547 7111.547 - 99420594 99420594), ( 7049542 7049542 - .20454..20454.), ( 0110527 0110527 77944502 77944502) respectively. the values of the bioconcentration factor for elements in consumers of the study area ranged in zooplankton from (712.59. 712.59. - .7444544.7444544), (0071504 0071504 - 42914504 42914504 ) , ( 0.004597 0.004597 - 07.700524 07.700524), ( 0..7527 0..7527 - 7709.544 7709.544), ( 4010577 4010577 70744574 70744574) respectively.in fish organs Cyprinus carpio ranged in gills from(197571 197571 - 97922522 97922522), (839.47 - 2808.33), (1704.16 - 4640.00), (1500.00 - 4076.92), (6876.10 - 13873.77) respectively. in liver ranged from (482.35 - 35600.00), (001.522 001.522 - 10075.00), (2473.81 - 6453.33), (1665.00 - 4646.15), (6373.16 - 12568.02) respectively. and in muscles (.14591.14591 - 40422522 40422522), ( 190572 190572 - 0444544 0444544), ( 7049500 7049500 9002500 9002500 - ) , ( 047520 047520 - 1214540 1214540), ( 4220501 4220501 - 9111502 9111502) respectively. while in Tilapia zilli organs ranged in gills (.71549.71549 - 00222522 00222522), ( 000500 000500 - 01015.2 01015.2) , ( 000254. 000254. 4070500 4070500), ( ((00475.0 00475.0 - 40.504 40.504 , (.40050..40050. - 0901541 0901541 ) respectively. in liver (4125.0 4125.000022522 00022522 ) , (.02.504.02.504 - 00000500 00000500), ( 0017590 0017590 - 77.405.2 77.405.2), ( 09457. 09457. - 9044500 9044500) , (499.5.0 499.5.0 - 0420592 0420592 ) respectively. and in muscles ranged from (.97571.97571 - 00022522 00022522), (771.05 - 0744544 0744544) , ( 7414574 7414574 - 401.522 401.522), ( ( ( 0.44500 0.44500 - 700502 700502, ( 5414.28 - 7354.09) respectively. results showed that the aquatic organisms (Consumers, Producers) have ability to bioconcentration of trace elements. and showed the descending sequence in concentrations of all trace elements in consumers and producers was as follow : zooplankton> Cyprinus carpio> Tilapia zilli> phytoplankton> plant P. australis. The result of this study confirms the biomagnification phenomenon (the increase of trace elements concentration with elevation in trophic levels of the food web) in study of Al - Diwaniya river ecosystem, as it's the case in other region of the world

تقييم نوعية مياه نهر الفرات (بين مدينتي الكفل والشنافية) وسط العراق == Assessment of Water Quality of Euphrates River (Between The Cities of Al - Kifl And Al - Shinafiyah) Iraq

Author name: دنيا باهل جدعان صلال الغانمي
Supervisor name: حسين يوسف خلف الركابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Aquatic Environment
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على جزء من بيئة نهر الفرات الممتد بين مدينتي الكفل والشنافية لمدة عام تقويمي من ايار 2013 ولغاية نيسان 2014 واختيرت اربعة مواقع مختلفة وموزعة على منطقة الدراسة شملت ثلاث محافظات هي : بابل - النجف - القادسية (الفرات الاوسط - العراق)، | The current study has applied on the Euphrates River for a full year from May 2013 until April 2014. Four sites selected along the river whithin three provinces; Babylon, Najaf, Al - Qadisiyah. Assessment of water quality done by using Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCME) and Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) for the purpose of determining the validity and quality of its water for the General purpose and for Drinking and Irrigation.The physicochemical properties and biological (Phytoplankton) were studied during the study period. These properties were; temperature of the air and water, light penetration, electrical conductivity, salinity, turbidity, water current speed, total suspended and dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, carbon dioxide, total alkalinity, acidity, total hardness and ions of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and the sodium adsorption ratio, chlorides, sulfates, boron, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, silica and some heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, chromium, manganese in both phases : dissolved and particulate. results showed that the values of the physical and chemical factors ranged as follows : (7 - 47) C, (10 - 31) C, (14 - 177.5) cm, (1020 - 5600) µs/cm, (0.65 - 3.46) 0%, (0.07 - 129) NTU, (27.03 - 115.57) cm/s, (591 - 2985) mg/L and (0.001 - 0.128) mg/L, (7.04 - 8.8), (6 - 11.8) mg/L, (0.13 - 6.6) mg/L, (8.2 - 53) mg/L, (81.4 - 198) mg/L, (30 - 200) mg/L, (6 - 46) mg/L, (490 - 929.67) mg/L, (83.37 - 290.18) mg/L, (0.79 - 174.84) mg/L, (92.5 - 713) mg/L, (1.9 - 11.18) meq/L, (6 - 133) mg/L, (97.97 - 861.73) mg/L, (329 - 1040) mg/L (0.01 - 4.23) mg/L, (0.008 - 1.33) µg/l, (2.16 - 44.74) µg/L, (0.012 - 0.59) µg/L and (104 - 514) µg/L respectively.Concerning the heavy elements, the values of dissolved cadmium ranged between (undetectable - 0.075 mg/L) and it's particulate between (0.0043 - 0.2705) mg /L and dissolved lead between (undetectable - 0.0232 mg /L) and it's particulate between (0.0045 - 0.148) mg/L and dissolved zinc between (un - detectable - 0.0168 mg/L) and it's particulate between (0.0115 - 0.316 mg/L) and dissolved copper (undetectable - 0.0273 mg/L) and copper is particulate between (0.0062 - 0.063 mg /L) and dissolved chromium between (undetectable - 0.0193 mg/L) and the chromium is particulate between (0.0043 - 0.0449) mg/L and dissolved manganese (undetectable - 0.0256) mg/L and it's particulate between (0.0085 - 0.0739) mg/L.The biological tests include Qualitative and Quantitative Study on phytoplankton and also included calculating the total number of coliform way casting dishes by using the MacConkey Agar media.The number of diagnosed species of Phytoplankton was 295 species, belonging to 74 genera. The Diatoms Bacillariophyceae won the biggest part of it as it formed 160 species and 35 genera any rate (54.24%), followed by green algae (70 species belonging to 24 genera) and green algae (52 species belonging to 11 genera) then Euglenophyceae (10 species belonging to both sexes), while golden brown algae and algae Pyrrophyceae were less algal groups registered as belonging to the two single - sex. Some types of phytoplankton existed in most of the duration of the study, including Bacillaria paxillifera, Cocconies placentula, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Diatoma elongatum, Fragilaria virescence, Melosira ambigua, Synedra acus.The total number of phytoplankton is estimated between (104.9 - 4460.09) cell × 103/liter. An increase in the number of phytoplankton in July and January was observed clearly. The concentrations of chlorophyll - a were ranged between (0.0693 - 9.78 mg /L). While the total number of results for coliform were (5 - 281 × 103) cells/liter, The water quality of the evidence Account (Canadian model) using a number of physical, chemical and Biological properties. The results showed that the waters of the Euphrates are located within categories (Poor - Good) with respect to the public evidence of the quality of water of this river while it was located within categories (Poor - Acceptable) with respect to their use for drinking, While its use for irrigation purposes, it was clear that run river water data fall into two categories (Poor - Good). The results of the analysis of the main components Principal component Analysis (PCA) indicate that the nitrates and the total number of coliform and dissolved oxygen, phosphate, zinc, lead and Biological oxygen demand and pH are the biggest impact on the water quality of the index values of the variables of general purpose.These factors are responsible for the deviation index values, followed by turbidity and total hardness and electrical conductivity and temperature of the water, copper, chromium, and cadmium heat. But with the biggest impact of the index water quality factors for drinking purposes are chloride and electrical conductivity and total hardness, magnesium, turbidity and basal college, sodium, calcium, copper, sulfates, nitrates and coliform, zinc and dissolved oxygen, pH, manganese and lead followed by boron nitrite, cadmium, chromium and vital requirement for oxygen. While the chloride and conductivity electrical, the proportion of sodium, copper, zinc and adsorption of boron have greatest influence on the value of water quality index for irrigation, followed by manganese, cadmium, chromium, lead and pH.The phytoplankton index of Biotic Integrity (P - IBI) has been calculated using ten units including (relative abundance of green algae, green algae, pyrrophyta, Euglenophyta, Xanthophyta, Centralales, pennales, species richness index, the density of phytoplankton and chlorophyll a) The results showed that phytoplankton index of Biotic Integrity values ranging between (47 - 74) in the first position and (47 - 67) in the second location, and (45 - 76) in the third site and (45 - 71) in the fourth site. In other words, phytoplankton index of Biotic Integrity with estimating index (good - poor). The results showed the effectiveness of phytoplankton index of Biotic Integrity values in estimating the environmental changes.

التحري عن طفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondii في الطيور الداجنة في منطقة الفرات الاوسط والقطط في محافظة الديوانية باستخدام التقنيات المصلية والجزيئية == Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii In Domestic Avian In Middle Euphrates Region And Cats In Al - Diwania Province By Serological And Molecular Techniques

Author name: خديجة عبيس حمود الخالدي
Supervisor name: خيري عبد الله داود العكيلي | هادي مدلول الميالي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية الكشف عن طفيلي المقوسة الكوندية Toxoplasma gondiiفي اربع انواع من الطيور ضمت الدجاج المحلي Gallus gallus domesticus والديك الروميMeleagri galbpavol والاوز الاربد Anser anser والبط المحلي Anas platyrhychos domesticus في منطقة الفرات ا | The current study was conducted to detect of Toxoplasma gondii in five species of avian including, Gallus gallus domesticus, Meleagris galbpavol, Anser anser, Anasplatyrhychos domesticus in middle Euphrates provinces of Iraq, also in cats in AL - Diwania province, during 2011 - 2013 by using serological tests (Latex, Rapid test cassette) and molecular test (conventional - PCR and Nested - PCR) as confirmative tests to detect of B1gene which was specific gene of T.gondii in blood and Tissue samples of different organs such as Liver, Heart, Brain, Eye, Lung, Pectoral muscles, Small intestine, Spleen, and Leg muscles of avian and cats which were seropositive cases of Rapid test cassette, also the study was included the detection Oocysts of T.gondii in soil samples of ten cities from Al - Diwania province by using sedimentation and floatation methods as primarily diagnosis, also using the polymerase chain reaction to detect of B1gene in these samples. A total of 320 Avian collected, include 80 samples of each species (20 samples of chicken, Turkey, geese, and Ducks) of each province of middle Euphrates (AL - Diwania, Babylon, AL - Najaf and Karbala), in addition to 10 samples of cats and 100 samples of soil from the center of AL - Diwania province, samples of avian and cats were involved to serological test such as LAT, the results showed there were 96 positive samples in percentage %30, include, 31(%38.75) of chicken, 28 (%35) of turkey, 22 (%27.5) of geese, 15 (%18.75) of ducks and 5 (%50) of cats, the higher Percentage (%23.95) of infection with T. gondii in avian was in titer 1/160 and the lower percentage (%3.73) in titer 1/640, Whereas in cats, the higher percentage in titer 1/20 and lower percentage in titers 1/40, 1/80, 1/160 which reaches %20. The results of Rapid test cassette were showed there were 60 out of 320 samples in percentage %18.75, include 24 (%30) of chicken, 19 in (%23.75) of turkey, 10(%12.5) of geese, 7(% 8.75) of duck and 3(%30) of cats. Also the results of Rapid test cassette were showed the higher percentage of types of antibodies in the serum of avian was %36.66 of IgG +IgM together and the lower percentage was %28.33 of IgM, whereas in cats, the higher percentage was %66.66 of IgG and the lower percentage was %33.34 of IgG +IgM together. To confirm the infection of avian by T.gondii, Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to detect the B1 gene (399 bp) in 320 blood samples of avian and 10 samples of cats, the results were showed there were 34 samples (%10.62) of avian gave positive result, include, 14 (%17.5) of chicken, 12 (%15) of Turkey, 8 (%10) of geese, whereas the results were showed the B1 gene was not present in the blood samples of ducks and cats. The results of Latex, Rapid test cassette and polymerase Chain Reaction were showed, the higher percentage was recorded in chicken % 17.5, %30, %35, whereas the lower percentages were %18.75, %8.75, %0 in D ucks by using the three tests, respectively. According to the results of Rapid test cassette (IgG, IgM +IgG), the results of polymerase Chain Reaction to detect the B1 gene in 16 samples of avian (4 samples of each species) out of 39 samples and 3 samples of cats, showed there were 9 samples (%56.25), include 4 (%100) of chickens, 3(%75) of turkey, 1(%25) of geese, and 2(%66.66) of cats and the higher percentage of B1gene (399bp) in livers of avian was %55.55, %22.22 in pectoral muscles then heart, spleen and small intestine in percentage %11.11 for each one of them, whereas in cats the percentage were % 66.66 in liver while in brain and kidney the percentage was %33.34 of each one of them.. The results of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for amplification the gene B1 in 12 blood samples (4 samples of each species of birds except ducks) was positive for conventional - PCR, Showed the amplification occurs in 4 samples in percentage % 33.33 during the first round of reaction and 3 samples in percentage %75 in the second round, in 10 samples of tissues, the amplification occurred in 6 samples in percentage %60 during the first round and in 4 samples in percentage % 66.66 during the second round of reaction. Also the results were showed the percentage of T.gondii antibodies in serum of four types of avian (except pigeons) according to the provinces were %28.75 in AL - Diwania, %40 (Higher percentage) in Babylon, %12.5(Low percentage) in AL - Najaf and %38.75 in Karbala by latex test, whereas the percentages %26.25 (higher percentage), %10 (lower percentage), %12.25, %17.5 in each of Karbala, AL - Najaf, Babylon, AL - Diwania province respectively by Rapid test cassette, and by using polymerase chain reaction, the percentages were %16. 25 (Higher percentage), %5(Lower percentage), %6.25, %15 in AL - Diwania, Babylon, AL - Najaf and Karbala province, respectively. Also the results showed, the percentage of infection in AL - Diwania province the samples of rural areas were higher (%37.5, %22.5, %17.5) whereas the percentages were lower (%20, %12.5, %12.5) in urban areas by using latex, rapid test cassette, and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The results of comparison between two serological tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction, showed the percentages of infection were % 10.62 (34), %18.75 (60), %30 (96) by using Polymerase chain reaction, Rapid test cassette, latex test, respectively, also the sensitivity and specificity of latex test were %35, %72 whereas the sensitivity and specificity of Rapid test cassette were %35, %88, respectively in compared with standard Polymerase Chain Reaction. In the soil samples, the percentage of presence of Oocysts of T.gondii was %10 by using floatation method and %4 by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction. The study of grossly and microscopy pathological changes in avian and cats which infected with T. gondii, was showed there were lesions on each of liver, heart, pectoral muscles, small intestine, brain and kidney.

دراسة علاقة سم Ochra. A بحالات الفشل الكلوي غير معروف الاسباب في محافظة القادسية == Study The Relationship of Ochra.A With Kidney Failure of Unknown Case In Al - Qadisiya Governorate

Author name: هدى رحيم هاشم الموسوي
Supervisor name: بهيجة عبيس حمود الخالدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology - Fungi
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد العلاقة بين السموم الفطرية وحالات الفشل الكلوي غير معروف الاسباب لدى المرضى المراجعون الى مستشفى الديوانية التعليمي للفترة من اذار/2012 الى كانون الثاني/2013 والذين تم تشخيصهم من قبل الاطباء المختصون. اظهرت نتائج فحص عينات الادرا | This study was designed to detection the Relationship between some fungi and it’s toxin with Renal falier in patients suffer from Renal falier attended to Al - Diwanyia teaching hospital in period from March/ 2012 to January/ 2013, These patients were diagnosed by physician in above hospital. By using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) the results showed 23.07% from patients blood specimens had Ochratoxin A, 19.23% from patients urine specimens had Ochratoxin A 38.46% from patients had Ochratoxin A in blood and urine where only 59.61% your blood and urine were clear from above toxin, So healthy persons were had Ochratoxin A in your blood and urine by rate 20% 40% respectively and 10% from them had Ochratoxin A in your blood and urine and only 65% from them don’t had Ochratoxin A in their blood and urine.the concentration of Ochratoxin A in blood were ranged between 6.2 - 25.8 ?g/kg from weight boody and 4 - 10.3?g/kg in urine and in healthy reach concentration of Ochratoxin A in blood 2.3 - 3 ?g/kg from weight boody and 4.3 - 4.6 ?g/kg in urine.The data of this study showed the male highly infected 87.5% with ocratoxin while in female 70% and 71 - 80 years age had highly infected 92.85% with ochratoxin A. The results of study of biochemical parameter in patients showed highly raised in WBC and urea and Keratinin to reach to 12000 corpuscle /ml3 310 mg/dl, 12.2 mg /dl respectively and lowed the activity of alkaline phosphates enzyme and albumin into 2.2 u/l, 1.5 gm/dl, respectively and suger 120 mg /dl. The results of isolation and diagnosis by depending on Morphological, Microscopical and Biochemical characters showed there were two species of fungi belong to Aspergillus sp, include A. ochraceaus 25.42%, A. niger 12.71% and A. candidus 15.25% and Candida albicans 46.61% were isolated from urine patients where only C. albicans and C. krusi were isolated from blood of patient by percentage 66.66% and 33.33% respectively. So the results of single PCR method selected to detection the OCR and PSK genes in Aspergills spp which responsible for ochratoxin A production , showed 83.33% from A. ochraceaus isolates had OCR gene (907 bp) and 66.66% from A. nger had PSK gene (584bp)Also the results of this study showed A. ochraceus and A. niger had ability to produce metabolic compounds when grow on yeast - extract broth and these compounds had significant toxic effects(P?0.05) in biochemical parameters in albino rats represented raised number of white blood cells (WBCs) into 10610 cell/µm3, urea into 228 mg/dl and Keratinin into 15 mg/dl in blood of animals which treated with 5000 ?l/kg from metabolic products of above fungi respectively, comparative with control groups 10100 cell/µm3. in other side, these metabolic products caused in same dose lead to lower of albumin and activity of alkaline phosphatase enzyme into 2.8 mg/dl and 3.7 u/l respectively where normal level for this parameter in control groups.Histological study showed the dose of metabolic products 500 - 5000 µl/kg for both fungi caused pathogenic changes in kidney represented by, atrophy highly proliferation of cells in endothelial layer of Bowman's capsules in addition to hemorrhage and Focal agrgregate inflammatory cells.In other side, study of toxicity of ochratoxin A which extracted by using thin layer chromatography (TLC) teqnique from urine and blood of patients and yeast extract broth media that had growth of A. ochraceus and A. niger showed signification effects(P?0.05) for this compound in physiological and biochemical parameters also caused significant effects in histological parameters similar to these effects which occurred in previsious experiments while these effect don’t appear in control groups.

تاثير الاجهاد المائي والسماد الورقي والمخصب العضوي في نمو نبات حلق السبع الشجيري Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees ومحتواه من بعض المواد الفعالة وفعاليتها المضادة في بعض بكتريا تسوس الاسنان == Effect of Water Stress, Foliar And Organic Fertilizers On Growth of Adhatoda Vasica) L.(Nees. And Its Content of Some Active Ingredients And Inhibition Activity of Some Dental Caries Bacteria

Author name: ليث سريع الركابي
Supervisor name: ثامر خضير مرزة
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant - Physiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted in Biology Department - College of Science - University of Al - Qadisiya that included pot experiment from the period of 1/4 to 1/8/2013, to assess the effect of water stress, foliar fertilizer (Foltron) and organic fertilizer (Azomin) on growth of Adhatoda vasica (L.) Nees and Its Content of Some Active Ingredients. Laboratory experiments were also done from the period of 1/8 to 1/3/2014, to determine the activity of leaves and roots extracts that resulted from plants of pots treatments to inhibit growth of some bacteria genera causing Dental Caries i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pneumonia.A pot experiment included seventy two transplants (age of one month and 8 cm height) that were transplanted in plastic pots (one transplant per pot) in 1/4/2013. Pots were filled with sandy soil and peatmose 2 : 1 v/v. Plants Irrigated with two levels 50 and 25% of field capacity. Foliar fertilizer was used at three concentrations of 0, 3 and 6 ml/L that sprayed twice on plant shoot till complete wetness during 15/4 and 1/6/2014. Organic fertilizer was also used with irrigation water at three concentrations of 0, 4 and 8 ml/L twice on 1/5 and 15/6/2014. The design of the experiment was Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement (2×3×3) with four replications per each treatment. Revised Least Significant Difference (RLSD) was used to compare treatment means at probability 0.05 level when treatment effect was significant.Results of pots experiment were as follows : 1 - Increasing water stress level caused a significant decrease in the most characteristics of vegetative and root growth except for stem internode and root lengths, while increasing in concentration of foliar and organic fertilizer gave the opposite effect of water stress.2 - Water stress caused a significant decrease in leaves content of total chlorophyll and nutrient elements N, P, K, Mg and protein percentage, while foliar and organic fertilizer caused a significant increase on the above characteristics.3 - Water stress caused a significant increase in proline percentage and Vit.C. and Vasicine and Vasicinone alkaloids, while foliar and organic fertilizer caused a significant decrease in proline percentage and Vit.C. and a significant increase in Vasicine and Vasicinone alkaloids.4 - The treatment of plants that were subjected to the water stress via foliar or root fertilizing or both of them caused a significant increase for most of vegetative and root growth characteristics, total chlorophyll, nutrient elements, protein percentage and Vasicine and Vasicinone alkaloids.5 - The treatment of plants that were underwent to the water stress via foliar and root fertilizing caused a significant decrease in proline percentage, Vit.C. and stem internode and root lengths.6 - The interaction of the three studied factors gave a significant positive effect to rise alkaloids of plant.Laboratory experiments included picking fresh leaves and root of plants that dried aerial in a shade, and then extracted it via methanol alcoholic of 70%, it was detected for some chemical components of extract by using reagents. Bacterial genera were isolated from the surfaces of the teeth and cultured on the growth media, and it was diagnosed by the Vitek Compact 2 System Diagnosis. The activity test involved the impact of the alcohol extract for leaves and roots to the inhibition of bacterial growth by the agar well diffusion method on Muller - Hinton.The design of the experiment was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in a factorial arrangement (18×3) with three replications per each treatment. Revised Least Significant Difference (RLSD) was used to compare treatment means at probability 0.01 level when treatment effect was significant.Results of laboratory experiment were as follow : 1 - Increasing extracts concentration caused a significant increase in growth inhibition of the studied bacterial genera.2 - plants extraction that of the combination of A2B3C3 included (25% water stress, 6 ml/L foliar fertilizer and 8 ml/L organic fertilizer) gave the highest activated inhibition for bacterial genera compared with plant other extraction for all tested bacterial genera.3 - The plants extracted that treated by combination A2B3C3 in concentration 150 mg/ml gave higher activated inhibition for Streptococcus pneumonia reached 25.307 ml compared with Amoxicillin that reached 36.167 ml, while the inhibited extracted root reached for the same treatment 16.060 ml (Table 37 and 38).4 - Plants leaf extract was the highest effective inhibition of bacterial compared to the roots extract.

التشخيص الجزيئي للفطر المحاري Pleuroutus ostreatus وفاعلية بعض المخلفات الصناعية في انتاجه وقابليته الخزنية == Molecular Diagnosis of The Oyster Mushroom Pleuroutus Ostreatus And Effectiveness of Some Industrial Waste In Its Production And Its Ability Storage

Author name: سولاف حامد تيموز
Supervisor name: عبد الامير سمير سعدون
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Microbiology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت هذه الدراسة انتاج الفطر المحاري ostreatus Pleuroutus باستعمال اوساط زرعية محضرة من مخلفات صناعة محلية وما لها من اهميه من الناحية الاقتصادية كونه يعد عنصرا غذائيا مهما يحل محل البروتين الحيواني المتمثل باللحوم، وما لهذا الفطر من اهمية طبية وعلاجية ا | This study included the production of mushroom oyster Pleuroutus ostreatus by using agricultural media prepared from local industry and which has importance in the economic district it's consider important nutrition element instead of animal protein representive by meat. this fungus has importance of medical and therapeutic, the results showed existence of chemical substances concentrated in the fruiting bodies such as Galic acid and Statin and other substances. that have had an active role in reducing cholesterol in the blood as well as break the clot blood through the presence of certain types of enzymes that break down blood clotting, which may occur, the results showed when studying the mushrooms from the genetic diagnosis molecularly using the technique of the PCR to determine the type of isolation that gives the production of economically significant. Results showed the presence of gene hereditary called Osteareolysin who works with several aspects of the mushrooms which give the recipe contrast pathogenic fungi plant also this study included re - using some of the remnants of plant starch corn husks and Al - gluten and corn embryos. the remnants of Maysan sugar Factory of material Molasses and Molass Baggaz and the study of their role as carrying materials, central ferment and growth of the oyster mushroom during agricultural it on these remnants. The results of the chemical analysis of the remnants of the sugar indestrey in Maysan Molasses and Baggaz and waste plant starch in Al - hashemeyeh / Babylon Al - Baggaz and yellow corn straw showed that molasses substance was contain the amount of sugars which sometimes reach to 41%, that making it as a good base of food to mushroom. When added molasses at different levels 2, 4, 6% to the central media the study showed a positive relationship between the levels of molasses and the radial growth of the oyster mushroom. The concentrations 25, 50, 100% of the leaky innate showed ability Tdhadah high - fungal plant pathogen (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, Stymphllium sp., Penicillium sp.) Antigonsim when studying the negative ability of the fungus. The results showed a significant increasing in the growth standards and gaining characteristics of the oyster mushroom in the mass production of fruiting bodies called the gaining total according to the wet weight and it was higher production on corn husks and pomace dates 761.89, 735.13 g /kg of media and concentration of molasses 6%. when measuring efficiency of the fungus to product the largest amount of fruiting bodies observed that the middle pea - corn husks and pomace dates gave a larger amount of the remaining media and a concentration of 6% 76.18, 73.51%, have been affected by the weights of pods fungal change is another factor which affected by rates of molasses. The results were closely between nutrition media but nevertheless observed superiority of Corn husks and Pomace dates on the rest of media (15.04, 13.77)by using 6% concentration of molasses. when calculate the lengths of the necks of the body fruiting because of the great importance in a statement recipes - gaining produced and influenced by user medai - aligned and concentrations of molasses, as there were differences moral at all concentrations of molasses, when calculating the percentage of dry matter increased significantly increase the concentration of molasses and all concentrations compared with a comparison of strew wheat, which amounted to 12.16% when adding 2% molasses observed the emergence of highly significant differences between treatments and compared with control treatment, which gave treatment of Pomace dates highest rates, followed by corn husks and corn embryo and Al - gluten and Baggaz 8.21, 9.00, 9.28, 9.29%, respectively. For the purpose of obtaining material efficient in maintaining the objects fruiting intact throughout the storage period tested preservatives (such as Sorbic acid and black pepper) and concentrations 40.20g / l of articles in a row leads to prolong longevity reservoir simulation of the objects fruiting and maintain the quality characteristics of the objects fruiting. The results showed that the addition of material to the feeder molass medai AGRO of oyster mushroom had been increased the proportion of protein in the fruiting bodies, either with respect to calculate the proportion of carbohydrates had been found that the percentage of carbohydrates are associated with a high positive correlation relationship between the concentration of molasses and the different transactions that were used in the experiment. The oils were represented less than what can be had reached attribute to 0%. Well conducted safety checks the health of the mushroom oyster and the results were that the fungus free of toxins by anatomy organic to members liver, kidney and intestines and by the standards of blood physiological mice tested. And the importance of this project calculated the economic viability and profits and revenue obtained from such a project.

تاثير الثايموكوينون الخافض للسكر والمجدد الانسجة بنكرياس الجرذان المستحث فيها داء السكري باستخدام الستربتوزوتوسين == Antihyperglycemic And Pancreatic Regenerative Effect of Thymoquinone In Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Male Rats

Author name: وجدان ثامر مهدي التميمي
Supervisor name: جبار عباس احمد الساعدي | هاشم محمد عبد الكريم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Histology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: To evaluate the anti - hyperglycaemic potent of thymoquinone from Nigella sativa seed in streptozotocin - induced diabetic male rats, the present study has been carried out at the College of Education, Al - Qadisiya University during the period extended from April, 15, 2012 to December, 15, 2012. mRNA expression level of Reg3a, InsI, InsII, PDX1, Pax6, NeuroD1, and MafA genes have been evaluated in pancreatic tissues as well. Sixty five adult male rats (aged 56 days and weighted 138±8.8g) have been used in the present study. Diabetes has been inducted in 52 male rats by injection of single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/ kg, b.w., i.p.). Diabetes mellitus has been confirmed by blood glucose concentration (to be more than 200 mg/ dl). Intact and streptozotocin - induced diabetic male rats have been assigned to five equal groups (13 per each); Intact (C) and non treated diabetic (DM) rats have been injected with normal saline (100?l, sc) anddrenched with drinking water daily for 42 days. Thymoquinone treated diabetic rats (TQ50 and TQ100) have been injected with normal saline (100?l, sc) and drenched with thymoquinone suspention (50 and 100 mg/ kg, b.w., respectively) daily for 42 days. Insulin treated diabetic rats were injected with insulin (4 IU, sc) and drenched with drinking water daily for 42 days. Body weights were registered daily during the experiment. All overnight fasted animals were sacrificed after general anesthesia by combination of xylazine and ketamine (10 mg and 90 mg/kg, ip, respectively). Blood samples was collected from abdominal vein for determination of serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Samples from pancreatic tissues in all groups have been quickly removed, dipped in liquid nitrogen for RNA extraction and molecular study. Other pancreatic tissues were fixed in formalin forhistopathological and immunohistochemical study. The results demonstrated significant decrease in body weight gain of untreated diabetic (DM) and insulin treated diabetic (DMI) groups as compared with that of intact control (C) and thymoquinone treated diabetic (TQ50 and TQ100) groups, started from the fourth day of experiment, which showed insignificant differences when compared with each other. While the lowest body weight gain has been registered in DM group.Results of serum glucose concentrations referred to significant elevation in diabetic groups compared with intact control. In comparison between the diabetic groups, glucose concentration revealed significant decrease in thymoquinone and insulin treated rats (TQ50, TQ100, and DMI) compared with untreated diabetic rats (DMI). on the other hand, insulin treated males (DMI) and thymoquinone treated males (TQ50 and TQ100) recorded no significant difference in serum insulin concentration when compared witheach other but they were significantly lower than that of intact control male rats (C), but the average means of these four groups were significantly higher than that of non - treated diabetic male rats (DM).Quantification analysis results of gene expression, performed by real - time RT - PCR, revealed that treatment with thymoquinone caused significant increase of mRNA expression levels of Reg3a, InsI, InsII, PDX1, Pax6, NeuroD1 and MafA genes during the studied period. Histological findings of thymoquinone treated pancreases revealed normal cellularity of islets of Langerhans and normal exocrine tissue except few congestion in it, whereas those obtained from non treated diabetic rats showed complet impairment of some islands and highly destructed of others. Normal hepatic architecture with the appearance of radiating shape around the central vein, has been shown in the section obtained from thymoquinone treated diabetic rats except few congestion, obvious regeneration and mitotic division in the nuclei of hepatocytes. Sections obtained from non treated diabetic male rats showed sever congestion, large thrombi in the hepatic tissue, and loss of hepatic architecture with sever hemorrhage, degeneration in hepatocytes, and dilation of sinusoids. Section obtained from kidneys of thymoquinone treated diabetic rats reveales normal renal convoluted tubules with normal epithelium of the tubules and high cellularity of glomeruli. Whearas those obtained non treated diabetic rat revealed dilation of renal convoluted tubules with necrosis in the epithelium of the tubules and sever hemorrhage in the renal tissue. Immunohistochemical results revealed that male rats drenched with thymoquinone registered higher scores of positive cells and intensity of staining compared with other diabetic (DM and I) groups. Hisological sections obtained from pancreases of control male rats showed actively stained islets of Langerhan's by immunohistochemistry with actively stained populations of beta, alpha, and delta cells, whereas those obtained from pancreases of non treated diabetic male rats showed damage of most cell populations and negatively stained for the few remaining beta cells. on the other hand, section obtained from pancreases of diabetic male rats treated with thymoquinone showed actively stained islets of Langerhan's by immunohistochemistry with actively stained populations of beta, alpha, and delta cells. While those obtained from pancreases of diabetic male rats treated with insulin, in the same stages of experiment, showed negatively stained beta cells and other cells of islets of Langerhan's. Histopathological findingsrevealed moderate improvement of pancreatic changes shown in both exocrine and endocrine (Islands of Langerhan's) parts. It can be concluded that drenching of 50 or 100 mg/ kg, bw, of thymoquinone from Nigella sativa seed has potent hypoglycemic effect in experimentally - induced diabetic mature male rats. As well as its positive role in elevating the expression level of Reg3a, InsI, InsII, PDX1, Pax6, NeuroD1

التعبير الكيميائي - النسجي - المناعي والجزيئي لجينات Inh - a وInh - ba وInh - bb في الاعضاء التناسلية لذكور جرذان الوستر البالغة وغير البالغة == Immunohistochemical And Molecular Expression of Inh - A, Inh - Ba And Inh - Bb Genes In Reproductive Organs of Immature And Mature Male Wistar Rats

Author name: وداد عبد جواد التميمي
Supervisor name: جبار عباس احمد الساعدي | عدنان وحيد محمد البديري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Zoology - Histology
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Biology
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study has been carried out at the department of biology, College of Education, Al - Qadisiya University, Iraq, to investigate the immunological localization of transforming growth factors beta (inhibins and activins) subunits during immature and mature periods and its involvement in male reproductive physiology of rats.At pre - pubertal stage, five male rats of 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 days old, and at post - pubertal stage, five male rats of 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75 days old have been used in the present study. Experimental animals have been anesthetized and blood samples were obtained from abdominal vein for assesment of activin - A, inhibin - B, FSH, LH, testosterone, and estrogen, testis volumes were measured for each age period. Testes, epididymis, prostate and seminal vesicle, were obtained for molecular and immunohistochemical studyto investigate the expression levels of Inha, Inhba, and Inhbb genes using qRT - PCR and immunohistochemical technique.The present study demonstrated gradual increase of testis volume throughout the male rat life in parallel with the increase of serum inhibin - B and testosterone concentrations. Serum activin - A concentration increased significantly at 30 and 40 day periods. Throughout the post - pubertal stage, activin - A concentration gradually decreased. Serum inhibin - B concentrations gradually decreased at the pre - pubertal stage. Post - pubertal stage registered gradual increase. At 25, 30, and 35 day periods, serum FSH level registered no significant changes, whereas 40 day period recorded significant increase then decreased at 45 day period. Throughout the post - pubertal period, the level of FSH concentrations continued in gradual decrease. At 25, 30, 35, and 40 day periods, serum LH and testosterone levels showed no significant differences, whereas 45 day period recorded significant increase. Postpubertal period showed gradual significant increase. Serum estradiol concentration decreased gradually at the pre - pubertal stage and continued in decrement at the post - pubertal stage.The expression level of Inha gene in testis decreased as the age progress until 40 day period, and then slightly increased at 45 day period. At 55 day period, the expression significantly increased. At 60 and 65 periods, the levels recorded no increase, but 70 and 75 day periods recorded significant increase. The expression level of Inhba gene increased significantly as the age progress at the pre - pubertal stage, where the highest level was recorded at 45 day. At 55, 60, and 65 day periods, the highest expression level has been recorded, thenafter, the levels decreased at 70 and 75 day periods. The expression level of Inhbb gene increased significantly at 30, 35, 40, and 45 day periods of the pre - pubertal stage. At 55 and 60 day periods, no significant difference was recorded compared with 45 day period. At 65 day period, the highest level was recorded, thenafter, the levels decreased at 70 and 75 day periods. The expression level of Inha gene in epididymis recorded no significant difference at all periods of the pre - pubertal stage, but the post - pubertal stage showed gradual significant increase as age progressed. The expression level of Inhba gene recorded no difference at 25, 30, 35, and 40 day periods, but it was significantly higher at 45 day period. The levels at 55, 60, and 65 day periods recorded no significant difference when compared with each other or with 45 day period. Significant increase has been recorded at 70 and 75 day periods. The expression level of Inhbb gene increased significantly at 30 and 35 but it decreased at 40 day period, then it showed further increase at 45 day period. At 55, 60, 65, and 70 day periods, also increased but the highest expression level was recorded at 75 day period.The expression level of Inha, Inhba, Inhbb genes in prostate recorded no significant difference at all periods of the pre - pubertal stage, but the postpubertal stage showed significant increase at all periods.The expression level of Inha and Inhba genes in seminal vesicle recorded no significant difference at 25, 30, 35, and 40 day periods and significant increase at 45 day period. The 55, 60, and 65 day periods recorded no significant difference when compared with each other but significant increase has been recorded at 70 and 75 day periods. The expression level of Inhbb gene recorded no significant difference at 25, 30, and 35 day periods, but it increased as the age progressed, whereas the levels showed no significant difference at all periods of the post - pubertal stage, but they were significantly higher than that recorded at the pre - pubertal stage. The results of immunohistochemical study demonstrated positive immunostaining for inhibin - ? subunit in Sertoli cells and primary spermatocyte and no staining in Leydig cells of pre - pubertal rat testis, whereas post - pubertal testis showed positive immunostaining in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and primary spermatocyte at 55 day period and positive immunostaining in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and spermatogonia at 60 day period. There was positive immunostaining in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte and spermatid at 65, 70, and 75 day periods. At 25 and 30 day periods of pre - pubertal stage, rat epididymis showed moderate positive immunostaining in epithelial cells, but strong positive staining in epithelial cells has been shown at 35, 40, and 45 day periods and at all periods of the post - pubertal stages. The result expressed positive immunostaining in the epithelial cells of the pre - pubertal rat prostate and strong positive immunostaining at the post - pubertal stage. on the otherhand both, pre - pubertal and post - pubertal rat seminal vesicle showed strong positive immunostaining in epithelial cells. Weak positive immunostaining of Inhba has been observed in the primary spermatocyte and no staining in Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in the prepubertal rat testis and at 55 day period of the post - pubertal rat testis, and no staining in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and spermatogenic cells at 60, 65, 70, and 75 day periods. Moreover there was positive immunostaining in epithelial cells in both the pre - pubertal and post - pubertal rat epididymis and prostate. In the post - pubertal stage, rat prostate showed strong positive mmunostaining in epithelial cells. No staining was observed in epithelial cells in both the prepubertal and post - pubertal rat seminal vesicle. The pre - pubertal rat testis showed strong immunostaining for Inhbb subunit in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and primary spermatocyte, in adittion to spermatid in post - pubertal rat testis. Strong positive immunostaining in epithelial cells of the pre - pubertal rat epididymis at 25 and 30 day periods was expressed, but moderate positive immunostaining in epithelial cells of prepubertalrat epididymis was observed at 35, 40, and 45 day periods and postpubertal rat epididymis. However Inhbb subunit in both pre - pubertal and postpubertal rat prostate showed positive immunostaining in epithelial cells. There was positive immunostaining in epithelial cells in the pre - pubertal rat seminal vesicle at 25, 30, 35, and 40 day periods, and strong positive immunostaining at 45 day period and post - pubertal stage.It could be concluded that serum inhibin - B has positive correlation with testis volum and testosterone concentration at pre - and post - pubertal stages, and positive correlation with FSH and LH concentrations at pre - pubertal but negative partial correlation at post - pubertal stage. There was relationship between serum inhibin and activin concentration and fold changes of Inha, Inhba, and Inhbb genes in testis, epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicle tissues at all periods of the study. Positive immunostaining for inhibin ? - and ?B - subunits, but not for ?A - subunit has been shown in testis cells and epithelial cells of seminal vesicle, positive immunostaining for inhibin ?, ?A, and ?B subunits in the epididymis and prostate

اثر برنامج تاهيلي في علاج الالام الرقبة بدلالة المدى الحركي والنشاط الكهربائي للعضلات لنساء بعمر (35 - 45) سنة == Rehabilitation Program Impact In The Treatment of Neck Pain In Terms of Kinetic Term And Electrical Activity of The Muscles Women Aged (35 - 45) Years

Author name: نغم سلمان كريم التميمي
Supervisor name: احمد عبد الامير شبر | يحيى فالح محمد النقيب
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Rehabilitation Exercises
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Physical Education And Sports Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اعداد منهج تاهيلي مقترح لعلاج الالام الرقبة للعضلتين قيد الدراسة.التعرف على الفروق بين القياسات الثلاثة (القبلي والبعدي) لتاهيل وعلاج الالام الرقبة في الاختبارات قيد الدراسة.اما فروض البحث هيللتمارين العلاجية التاهيلية اثر ايجابي معنوي في التقليل من ن | 1. Prepare a proposal for the rehabilitation approach to the treatment of neck pain musculorum under study. 2. Identify the differences between the three measurements (tribal and posttest) for the rehabilitation and treatment of pain in the neck tests under studyThe research hypotheses are1 - for treatment rehabilitative exercises a significant positive impact in reducing the proportion of neck pain and prevent complications.2. The treatment rehabilitative exercises a significant positive impact in the development of kinetic term of the neckChapter II - theoretical studies and previous studiesTheoretical studies included the anatomy section musculorum under study, as well as injuries from it meaning and mechanical occurrence of sudden it changes, also included pain and causes muscle cramping types, causes and symptoms and methods of treatment, as well as the rehabilitation of injuries and included physical therapy and the use of treatment exercises. As similar studies encompassing the two studies in the field of rehabilitation of neck injurieChapter III - ajraouat search field Researcher experimental method used in a manner of individual and group design description of the sample and the method selected and the style of diagnosis and means of data collection, which included exploratory experience and physical tests, as well as the design of Part contained a measure of the degree of pain by the researcher form.The curriculum also included qualifying prepared and methodology and the method and duration of application and the style of a tribal tests and post it.. and finally Htoy this section on statistical methods used in data processingChapter IV - display and analyze the results and discussion Has included a presentation of the most important results obtained from the tests and analysis in accordance with the illustrative tables and discussed according to the scientific method used.Chapter V - Conclusions and recommendationsWith respect to the conclusions reached by the researcher and the most important - That the community values and standard deviations and torsion of the electrical activity of the muscle during the movement came congruently with the sample is shown by the results because the muscle mass is controlling the same, so the size of the force leads to increased motor run " - That the muscle strength of the labor movement when less use of medical drugs and this shows in the bio - mechanical variables clearly and explain the transmission of the driving force in the motor ranges. - The dynamic range is linked to the electrical activity of the muscles through the joints of which have the basic dynamics of the muscles, including what will be the corresponding muscle of the human musculoskeletal system through Dahr what level of performance with the same search through what has been achieved. The most important recommendations are - In light of the opportunities that the results extracted from the possibility of drafting a digital amounts of Midyat motor in the performance of the motor to be the possibility of formulating appropriate rehabilitative steps for people living in the light of the willingness of the people and the possibilities available to him through the identification of variables bio mechanical and electrical activity of muscles at the levels of non - infected values available. - The need to focus on the bio - mechanical and electrical activity of the muscles that control mainly in the locomotor muscles term variable values achieved through what these values of significant differences contributed effectively to the high level of performance and less effort in a posteriori tests. - Biomechanical variables of interest by reducing downtime and increasing the productive forces in the final impetus to the extent of locomotor time so that it can make the most of the injured possibilities available to achieve the appropriate level according to their abilities

منهج تدريبي باسلوبي المنفرد والمركب لتطوير بعض القدرات البدنية والمعرفية وتركيز الانتباه لاجتياز اختبار اللياقة البدنية لحكام الفرات الاوسط للدرجة الاولى بكرة القدم == Training Program By Single And Compound Methods To Develop Some Physical And Cognitive Abilities And Focus Attention To Pass The Physical Fitness Test of The Middle Euphrates Region First Class Football Referees

Author name: واثق محمد عبد الله البعاج
Supervisor name: رحيم رويح حبيب الصافي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Football
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Physical Education And Sports Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: ان الاعداد المنسجم والمتكامل للارتقاء والنهوض بمستوى الحكام يجب ان ينسجم مع خصوصيات اللعبة وجوانبها كافة، وعلى وجه الخصوص الجانب البدني والمعرفي والعقلي التي تمثل الدور الاساسي في مستوى الحكام وبالتالي ينعكس على ادارة ونجاح المباريات والارتقاء بها الى | This study aims to : 1 - Identify the effect of training program by single and compound methods to develop some physical and cognitive abilities and focus attention to pass the physical fitness test of the of the football referees.2 - Identify the differences at best of effect between training program by single and compound methods to develop some physical and cognitive abilities and focus attention to pass the physical fitness test of the of the football referees.The researcher supposes : 1 - The training program by single and compound methods has a positive effect on some physical and cognitive abilities and focus attention to pass the physical fitness test of the of the football referees.2 - There are significant differences in effect between training program by single and compound methods to develop some physical and cognitive abilities and focus attention to pass the physical fitness test of the of the football referees.The researcher used the experimental approach by design two equivalent groups, selecting the research community who are the referees of the Middle Euphrates region , researcher chosen his sample (16) of the referees of Diwaniya province , then were divided into two experimental groups , included the first group (8) referees their training was single methods training while the second group (8) referees trained by compound training style The researcher to determine the physical and cognitive qualities and focus attention in addition to the special qualities of these tests. Then was a mental tests, in which the homogeneity and parity groups account and then proceeded to application of two programs which took (8) weeks of (3) training units weekly, totaling (24) units.The researcher concluded : 1 - The training program by single and compound methods has a positive effect on some physical and cognitive abilities and focus attention for both groups.2 - The results was significant between pre and post test for both groups. Most important recommendations : 1 - It is very important using training programs by single and compound methods , so it effected positively in performance level of football referees.2 - It is very important using training of variety intensity and by different methods to develop physical and cognitive side of referees to pass fitness tests

تاثير برنامج ارشادي معرفي سلوكي انفعالي في الصحة النفسية واداء بعض المهارات الهجومية بكرة السلة لطلاب كليات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة == The Effectiveness of Counseling Programme In Cognitive Behaviour Emotionally Mental Health of Some Basic Skills In Basketball

Author name: محمد عبد الرضا سلطان الكعبي
Supervisor name: عبد الجبار سعيد محسن العاني
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Basketball
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Physical Education And Sports Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: الاهتمام بالطلاب حاجة انسانية واجتماعية وسياسية واقتصادية فرضتها مجموعة من المتغيرات والعوامل، فالطلاب ثروة وطنية وقومية يمكن ان تسهم في مستقبل الوطن والامة، لقد اهتمت حركة تعليم الطلاب بتامين الحاجات التربوية بشكل كبير، غير انها اغفلت جانب الاهتمام با | The current study aims at identifying the psychological problems of the Pupils and preparing psychotherapy sessions based on cognitive - behavioral therapy, using some of its techniques to help pupils who suffer from psychological problems and to determine the effectiveness of techniques used. In this study, experimental approach was used as well as an experimental design (controlled and experimental groups with pre and post testing) in which a representative sample was selected from the school of Pupils with marks nearly equal to or below the threshold limit mark. The studied sample included (32) pupils, equally divided between the two sub - controlled and experimental groups, from a general of (16) pupils groups (16) pupils controlled the Academic Year (2014 - 2015). The present study included the development of a valid, reliable and distinctive psychological scale for the Pupils as well as conducting pre and post tests on both subjected groups. The study also includes, the development of a cognitive - behavioral program consisting of individual and collective sessions which include a number of cognitive - behavioral techniques that can be stated as follows : Problem solving, Correction of wrong ideas, and Relaxation, where by a special working guide for the implementation of the relaxation technique was developed. After program instructions have been distributed, the program was implemented within a five - week period during which ( 15) sessions were conducted, including (11) collective and( 4) individual sessions, each lasting for period between( 60 - 120) minutes with an average of (2 - 3) sessions per week. Program evaluation measures were also determined to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed program in achieving its goals as well as the identification of the constraints controlling the experiment.The statistical analysis employed in the present study includes; the T - test, the Pierson correlation coefficient, Chornbach - Alfa coefficient, The results of the analysis revealed that pupils have no psychological or health problems, except for a number of individual cases. And due to the importance’s in the society, it is necessary to develop a special program pupil. Application of the program on the experimental group shows the superiority of this group over the controlling group which did not participate in the program. In light of the findings of the present study, a number of conclusions have been reached, which can be stated as follows : The therapic program induces positive changes and improves the psychological health of the individuals of the experimental sample. The evaluation of the psychological health of pupils is a necessity to provide them with psychological care. The developed program has succeeded in amending and changing behavior, which insures the need of making use with such kind of programs to enhance the psychological health of pupils.In order to adopt the findings of the current study in real case studies, we recommend the use of the developed pupil psychological health scale, and the developed therapic program in different schools and providing the school's students with teams of specialists in psychological health. The outcome of the present study is an invitation to all those concerned with conducting further researches and studies, to be acquainted with pupils, to develop special programs for enhancing thinking skills of pupils and to conduct studies on the strategies beyond cognition for pupil as compared with the ordinary pupil.

دراسة تحليلية لواقع الاحتراف للاعبي كرة القدم في دوري النخبة العراقي للموسم 2011 - 2012 == Analysis Study To Professionalism Reality For The Football Players In Iraqi League 2011 - 2012

Author name: نبيل حسين عباس
Supervisor name: قصي فوزي خلف | عبد الجبار سعيد محسن
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Football
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر لعبة كرة القدم احد اهم الرياضات على المستوى العالمي ومن اكثر الرياضات شعبية في العالم ومنذ نشاتها في تطور مستمر مذ كانت مجرد هواية فهي اليوم تعتبر لقمة عيش اللاعبين فقد اصبحت من ركائز الاقتصاد للبلدان التي تطبق نظام الاحتراف او تلك التي تنظم البطولا | A football game is the most important sports on a global level is the most popular sports in the world and since its inception in constant evolution , as it was just a hobby , it is today considered a living players , it has become one of the pillars of the economy of the countries that apply the system of professionalism or those regulating the World Championships He became responsive to win games in her society forces of political , social, economic , and specialty press and appliances and audio - visual space of time her big.Professionalism means the arrival of the player to the level of overall performance ( Bmvahemh physical skills and tactical and psychological ) who works on the development of the player in a scientific specialist and works to escalate the level of technical understanding of tactical because it deals with levels of professional trainers and under the auspices of institutions spherical working professionally in the administration and organization.Have demonstrated the importance of research being dealt to know the reality of professional football players in the Elite League Iraqi season 2011 - 2012 study aimed to build a measure of professional football players in the Elite League Iraq , as well as identify the level of the reality of professional football players in the elite league of Iraq, has been used as a researcher the descriptive style survey has identified a researcher research community who are players clubs elite football in Iraq for the sports season 2011 - 2012 totaling 707 player , if the sample construction 170 as a player and a sample application 100 players , has been building scale through the identification of areas and paragraphs and presented to the experts and specialists , as well as the use of transactions to extract statistical validity and reliability.Has been introduced and the analysis and discussion of the results of the scale and the fields after the application and a statement signed by the levels at which the players , then the researcher to reach a set of conclusions, including : 1 - professional sports practiced in the absence of rules and statutes and regulations governing the relationship Alllaab club and the Federation.2 - professional sports practiced in the presence of the instructions contained in the contracts of the players.3 - professional sports practiced in the absence of the ingredients of privatization , infrastructure, marketing , investment and sports courts competent to settle disputes between the player and the club and the management and the union.The most important recommendations : 1 - The need for the enactment of the professional athlete and act accordingly to ensure the rights of the player and the club.2 - - The need to install a clear knowledge and professionalism terms of the contracts for sports players in different throughout the country3 - - find permanent funding sources for sports clubs so that they can take care of professionalism in football

تاثير التدريب بنقص وزيادة الاوكسجين على اليابسة في عدد من المتغيرات الفسيولوجية والانجاز لسباحي 5000م للاعمار (16 - 18) سنة == The Training Effect In Decreasing Or Increasing of Oxygen On Lend On The Physiological Variables And Achievment On 5000 Meters Swimmers Ages From (16 - 18) Years

Author name: عمار علي اسماعيل التميمي
Supervisor name: احمد عبد الزهرة عبد الله الخفاجي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Swimming
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اشتملت الاطروحة على خمسة فصول, تضمن الفصل الاول التعريف بالبحث الذي تضمن المقدمة واهمية البحث, وكذلك التطرق الى اهمية الابحاث في مجال الفسلجة الرياضية لتطوير الرياضي وتوعيته لتقويم الاداء الرياضي, وتضمن ايضا الحديث عن الاوكسجين وطرق توفيره في الجسم وطريقة | thesis Included five chapters, the first chapter included definition of research and the introduction and the importance of research, and its importance in researches in the physiology field of sports for the development of sports and awareness to evaluate athletic performance, and also included talk of oxygen and provided methods in the body and the method of inhaling oxygen to compensate for the shortfall in the proportion of oxygen the body of environmental pollution as well as during the performance. As the swimming game one of sports that require extra effort in order to resist the water in the swimming pool, the swimmer needs extra energy to achieve higher levels of achievement on the athletic level. The problem research it was finding different ways to provide the amount of oxygen as inventory in the body to take advantage of it to save energy when performing the sport of swimming that require additional effort compared to the efficiencies of other, as well as the comparison between the two shortage or the increase in oxygen during training, whichever is more effect in a number of physiological variables appropriate to the nature of the research, whichever is the fastest healing swimmer. The research aims to : 1 - to identify any methods (Alheiboxk or increase oxygen) affect in some physiological variables (red blood cells, Alimoklopan, the proportion of oxygen in blood, lactic acid, amplitude pneumoniae, the number of times breathing, maximum oxygen consumption, the heartrate at rest and after effort ). 2 - Identify any methods (Alheiboxk or increase oxygen) in providing the most percentage of oxygen in the body storage. 3 - Identify wich way faster in recovery in achievement of 5000m swimming. The most important research hypotheses : - 1, There were statistically significant differences between the two methods in effect in some physiological variables and the healing speed and accomplishment to the long - distance for youth of Maysan province swimmers. The areas of research were : - Simple research : Maysan province youth swimmers team for long - distance swimming. Place of research : Physiological Laboratory and the health of the Faculty of Physical Education at University of Missan and Tigris River in Missan provance. Research period : 03/07/2013 to 08/20/2014. The second chapter : - Has included theoretical studies and similar The third chapter : - Has included research methodology and procedures of the field, as the researcher used the experimental method in solving the problem of the research, the research community has either specify Maysan province youth swimmers team to long - distance. Chapter four : Included Showing and analyzed then discussed results through the use of appropriate statistical methods. The fifth chapter : included conclusions and recommendations : conclusions : - 1 - Alheiboxa training merthod and increase oxygen has a positive effect bitter than usual training methods training and the other as nature of the event. 2 - Alheiboxa training has a positive effect is better than increasing the oxygen and without it. 3 - To training swimmers increase oxygen has positive effect better than training without it. Recommendations : - 1 - Used Alheiboxk training method to positively impact on a number of physiological variables and achevment. 2 - have to used increase oxygen training to its positive effect on a number of physiological variables and recovery and achevment. 3 - Used increase oxygen method it give comfort and continuity of activity and public endurance athletes.

اثر منهج تدريبي وبذور الحبة السوداء على بعض مكونات الجهاز المناعي واوجه القوة العضلية وانجاز قذف الثقل للمعاقين فئة (55) == The Impact of A Proposed Training Curriculum Using The Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa Linn) Seeds In Some Components of The Immune System The Completion And Achievements In Thesport of Weight Throwing Maaqaan Category (55)

Author name: علاء خلف حيدر اللامي
Supervisor name: رحيم رويح حبيب الصافي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Athletics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اشتملت الاطروحةعلى خمسة فصول تم التركيز فيها على فئة المعاقين من الجلوس (فئة 55) يعد البشر اغنى الثروات لدى الامم، ولهذا تتسابق الدول المتحضرة الى تقديم افضل الخدمات لابنائها بصرف النظر عن اختلاف فهمهم وثقافتهم وسنهم وفئاتهم، واصبح يستوي في ذلك السوي والم | Alotrouhhaly five - door was a focus group of disabled seating (category 55) and the importance of research comes to the definition of working in the field of sports the impact of structured training on some variables of the immune system proteins (IgG, IgA, IgM) immunity and supplements), immune (C3, C4) and try to build on the curriculum in accordance with the safe performance of the individual sports.The problem of the research were : the : trained to muscle strength and development of persons with disabilities in general and the class to sit in particular as the key to progress in the activities of throwing, as it depends the level of these activities on to his sport of muscle strength in the muscles of the arm towards the chest and torso and shoulders, which invited them to develop strength in various ways and means possible to record the best results. As is known, the immune system play an important role in the development of the health status of the disabled and for experimenting with another method using the black seed for the development of the immune system and to develop aspects of muscle strength of the category mentioned above, as well as improved achievement in throwing the weight, felt the researcher to use black seed in order to know the evolution of defenses of the immune system to the disabled and therefore its impact on the development of muscle strength for the purpose of achievement, which is a scientific attempt to detect the effect of this method on every aspect of muscle strength covered by the research.The research aims to : 1 - Preparation of training curriculum proposal.2 - Identify the impact of training curriculum and black bean on some variables in a sample of the immune system research.3 - Understand the impact of training curriculum and black bean in strength training and delivery of effective throwing the weight of the research sample.1 - 4 hypotheses : - 1 - There are significant differences between the results of tests before and after the tests and in favor of a posteriori the variables under study1 - 5 areas of research : - 1.5.1 the human sphere : a sample of players Ashenana Sports Club co - championships Iraq to power games of the 2010 - 2011 season with disabilities, who are (10) players1.5.2 temporal area : 16/4/2011 till 17/6/2011.1.5.3 Spatial Domain : Stadium Sports Club Hall Ashnon and laboratories College of Veterinary Medicine University of Diyala. the researcher the research community in a deliberate players throwing the weight of persons with disabilities, a class seating (55), from (Club Ashnon Sports Club), who are (10) for a player representing the ratio (100%), were excluded players of them because the testing exploratory them and reached the number of sample (8) players representing (80%) of the research community overall, was divided this sample into two experimental groups and by (4) players for each group in a lottery, as it carried out the first group training curriculum proposal with eating black bean, and implements the second group training curriculum proposed only.The researcher concluded : • Tribal tests (before training), where the results of functional tests for immune proteins (IgG, IgA, IgM) supplements and immune (C3, C4) in the natural level for the two searches.• a posteriori tests (after training) where the results of functional tests for immune proteins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and supplements the immune (C3, C4) may lack the normal level in some of them.• tests tribal (after the program) where the results of functional tests for proteins, the immune (IgG, IgA, IgM) and supplements the immune (C3, C4) for the first group that led training curriculum proposal with eating black bean with a high level compared to the normal level as evolved proteins and supplements Immunology The second group did not develop immune proteins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and supplements the immune (C3, C4) for their natural level.• tests a posteriori (after the program) have evolved proteins that the immune (IgG, IgA, IgM) and supplements the immune (C3, C4) for the first group, either the second group has evolved proteins that the immune (IgG, IgA, IgM) The supplements immune did not happen by evolution.• physical tests, there has been evolution in the test (maximum power, and power Mtaulp) for the Group Search The rest of the tests physical pain develop.The recommendations : • the need to conduct periodic tests for athletes in sports medicine specialist centers to ensure that the health situation in general and the immune system in particular.• Adoption of the proposed training curriculum prepared by the researcher in the development of the immune system (immune proteins and supplements)• the need to consider the process involved in the training of the scientific basis and principles of training in building training programs and legalization of the components of the training load in order to avoid exposure of athletes to the phenomenon of overload although not prove the negative impact of changes in the immune system is crucial in the current study.• Paying attention to the trainers and workers in the field of sports herbal medicine because of its obvious importance in influencing the hormonal changes and the functional and physical.• black bean as a supplement as it contains minerals and vitamins, proteins and salts in sufficient quantities to meet the needs of athletes from basic materials needed by the body for the purpose of achievement.• emphasis on athletics coach class seating for persons with disabilities by diversifying training methods when using exercises for the development of aspects of muscle strength in general and players of throwing the weight class to sit with disabilities in particular.• Conduct a similar study on a sample of persons with disabilities For other medical plants.

التنبؤ بمستوى الانجاز بدلالة بعض الاساليب المعرفية والتحكم الانفعالي لمتسابقي العاب القوى == Prediction of The Achievement Level In Terms of Some Cognitive Methods And Emotional Control For The Athletics Players

Author name: محمد حاتم عبد الزهرة
Supervisor name: عامر سعيد جاسم الخيكاني
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Athletics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الاطروحة الى التعرف على واقع الاساليب المعرفية لدى لاعبي العاب القوى والفروقات بين اللاعبين من حيث الاسلوب المعرفي والتحكم الانفعالي حسب نوع الفعالية، وعلاقتهم بالانجاز فضلا عن التنبؤ بالانجاز الرياضي من خلال الاسلوب المعرفي للاعبين والتحكم الانفعال | This research aims to identify the reality of cognitive methods of athletics players, and the differences between the players in terms of some cognitive method and emotional control according to type of event, and their relationship to achievementAs well as the prediction of athletic achievement through the cognitive methods for the players and emotional control of achievementSo the researcher supposes there were statistically significant differences between the track and field players in cognitive methods and emotional control. And the existence of a correlation between cognitive methods and control of achievement among players.To achieve the research goals , research was conducted on a sample of athletics clubs players participating in the Iraq Club Championship for season 2014, using the descriptive approach survey manner (survey methods and correlative relationships ) For this purpose, researcher built a measure of emotional control and preparation of tests and standards for methods of cognitive methods of track and field players, , following the necessary scientific steps building standards and the end of these measures was to have a measure of emotional control consist of (43) paragraph and cognitive styles and consists of (45) by (15), paragraph Per cognitive style (analytical - totalitarian) , (risk - caution) and (refinement - stability) after that two measures became ready to application to the sample.Conclusions : That the majority of track and field players are characterized by cognitive method , refinement due to the accuracy of their attention and that they understand the good and examined the exact stimuli that displays in front of them.Recommendation : Using of other cognitive methods in sporting events whether team or individual game, in the educational process or other directions. Adopting of the predictive equations in the selection of athletes in addition to training aspects

تاثير التدريبات الهوائية واللاهوائية على بعض البروتينات المناعية وانزيمي الكلوتاثيون واللايبيز ونسبة الدهون لدى ممارسات اللياقة البدنية بعمر (35 - 40) سنة == The Effect of Aerobic And Anaerobic Training On Some Immune Proteins And Enzyme Alkl?tatheon And Allaypez Fat Percentage Among Fitness Practices of Age (35 - 40 Years)

Author name: سندس برهان ادهم الصالحي
Supervisor name: رافع صالح فتحي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Fitness
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Physical Education And Sports Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: الفصل الاول والذي تضمن المقدمة واهميته ومشكلة البحث فضلا عن اهداف البحث والتي كانت هي : 1. اعداد منهجين تدريبيين يتضمن التدريبات الهوائية واللاهوائية لدى عينة البحث.2. معرفة اثر المنهج التدريبي الهوائي واللاهوائي على البروتينات المناعية (IgG,IgA,IgM) و| The thesis included five chaptersThe first chapter, which included the introduction and its importance and research problem as well as the goals of the research and that they are : 1. Prepare two approaches training programs includes anaerobic and aerobic workouts in a sample search.2. knowledge of the impact of the training curriculum antenna and anaerobic immune proteins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and enzymatic Alkl?tatheon and Allaypez and the percentage of fat in a sample search members.3. Comparison between the antenna and anaerobic training group in the research variables under study.The research hypotheses are : 1.tather aerobic and anaerobic workouts positive in blood immune proteins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and enzymatic Alkl?tatheon and Allaypez and the percentage of fat in a sample search members.2. Comparison differences moral implications in the search variables in the post tests between the two sets of research.The second chapter theory and similar studies were contained theoretical studies of Article theoretical research variables under study and similar studies are included Suad Abdul Hussein study and study Leila Salahuddin and Falah Mehdi AbboudChapter III of this chapter has dealt with the research methodology, with a sample of fitness practices researcher experimental method chosen age (35 - 40) and adult population (18) Exercise and divided into two trials Khaddata to two approaches Tdreben antenna and anaerobic and held them exploratory experiments tribal testing experience and a posteriori to know the effects of these programs on the research variables under study, as well as hardware and tools that have been used in the experiment with an explanation of the tests used and the results are processed statistically by the statistical system (spss).The fourth chapter are the most important results obtained from tests and analysis in accordance with the illustrative tables and discussed according to practice the scientific methodThe fifth chapter respect the conclusions reached by the researcher and the most important - For aerobic and anaerobic exercise influence in the research variables in a posteriori by tribal tests and different rates. - And aerobic exercises significant differences reported in anaerobic workouts and this means that aerobic workouts more suited to women's training workouts at the fitness The recommendations were the most important - The importance of exercise and regular physical exertion in improving public health and body organs, particularly the immune system - And subject to ongoing research sample Vhsosat when responding so as to know the short - and long - term effects

اثر برنامج ارشادي وفقا للتفكير الايجابي في تطوير القدرة على اتخاذ القرار الصحيح للاعبي الدوري الممتاز بكرة القدم == The Effect of A Guiding Program According The Positive Thinking In Developing of Decision - Making Right League Clubs Capacity of The Soccer Players

Author name: حيدر كريم سعيد ابو جويد الكفائي
Supervisor name: علي صكر جابر الخزاعي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Football
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: الفصل الاول : تتضمن اهمية البحث الحالي بما يلي : 1. اعداد برنامج ارشادي وفق التفكير الايجابي ليكون في متناول يد المعنيين بتطوير كفاءة اللاعبين بعد ان تتضح فاعليته في تنمية القدرة على اتخاذ القرار.2. الحاجة الى التعرف على القدرة في اتخاذ القرار وابعادها | The importance of research 1 - The need to recognize the power in decision - making and away and distinguish them from other concepts that interfere with him in the field of sports. 2 - Develop a mentoring program based on positive thinking to be accessible to those concerned about the efficiency of the development of the players.Research Objectives 1 - Building a measure of the ability to make decisions for the players Premier League clubs Iraqi football for the season (2013 - 2014).2 - building a guiding program according the positive thinking in developing of decision - making capacity of the soccer players3 - identyfing The effect of a guiding program according the positive thinking in developing of decision - making capacity of the soccer playersResearch methodology and procedures.The researcher used the experimental method and was selected community sample of players Premier League clubs Iraqi category applicants football season (2013 - 2014 (totaling (468) player was selected sample questionnaire pilot for a number of players who represent clubs (Nafat AL - jinob, Karbala, NafatMaysan) and by (30) and by a player (10) players from each club were chosen randomly, where the use of an experimental design using two unequal (control group and experimental) random selection of pretest and posttest. It was in this design is the introduction of worker demo (independent), a curriculum indicative according to think positive to the experimental group and leave the control group in the circumstances of the normal and the purpose of finding harmony between the two sets of search experimental and control groups was conducted comparing the settings between the two groups in the variables of age and educational attainment, intelligence and decision - making ability. After that it was built a test decision - making capacity, consisting of (40) the position of each position four alternatives are (a - b - c - d) to represent test the ability to make the decision as final after the adoption of the psychometric properties and statistical him of the power of discriminatory coefficient difficulty and correlation coefficient degrees paragraph college primarily for testing, was indicative building program, which reached its number (22) as the final session Conclusions. 1.it is Possible to rely on the program to document indicative of positive thinking to the development of decision - making capacity for the football players to the category of applicants. 2. Nature that the players respond to the application of extension programs.Recommendations 1. Using guiding program that applied by the researcher in the study on the players of Iraqi Premier League clubs of football.2. Using of specialist psychological experiences during the training the players to follow psychological conditions they face in the course of the games on long as a necessity for the success of the training process.

منهج تعليمي وفق المعرفة الخططية واثره في التصرف الخططي واداء بعض مهارات سلاح الشيش للمبتدئين == Curriculum According To Tactical Knowledge And Its Impact In The Act And Perform Some Tactical Skills Fleuret

Author name: محمد عبد الرحمن محمد
Supervisor name: فاطمة عبد مالح
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Athletics
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تتحدد اهمية البحث في اعداد منهج تعليمي على وفق المعرفة الخططية لبعض مهارات المبارزة (سلاح الشيش) ( لماذا وكيف ومتى تؤدى تلك المهارة؟ ضد المنافس) بهدف تنمية اداء مهارات المبارزة (سلاح الشيش) المبتدئين والتصرف الخططي لحالة اللعب(التكتيك) والتي نستخدمها في | Determined the importance of research in the preparation of a curriculum on according to the knowledge tactically some skills fencing ( Fleuret ) (how , when and why lead that skill ? Against rival ) in order to develop the performance skills of fencing ( Fleuret ) for young people and act tactical to playing condition ( tactic ) and that we use in fencing, , and thus shorten the time limit for education investing condition better and linking learning skills approach plans to play at the disposal of my plans and true to the learner. The objective of this research to prepare curriculum according to tactical knowledge to learn the skills of the performance of some of the youth Fleuret.. ( And the information knowledge is when? Apply that skill , and how why? , And against any kind of contenders ? Any What strengths and weaknesses that can we do that skill ?). The experimental group to learn according to tactical knowledge (ie Technique + tactical knowledge ) and the control group according to learn the curriculum itself and without any knowledge of tactical focus on ( technique only). Contains curriculum on (30) educational unit in each week and three modules for a period of 10 weeks.The impact of the curriculum according to the tactical knowledge in a positive way in the tactical disposition of members of the experimental group Paying attention to coaches fencing weapon Blinds on the importance.

اثر الاسلوب الاتقاني بوسائط متعددة في تعلم بعض المهارات الهجومية بكرة السلة للمبتدئين باعمار (11 - 12) سنة == The Effect of Master Style Through Using Multi - Media In Performance of Some Offensive Skills of Basketball Beginners of (11 - 12) Age

Author name: ضياء ثامر مطر الشيباني
Supervisor name: سلام جبار صاحب
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Basketball
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: الفصل الاول : وقد اشتمل هذا الفصل على التعريف بالبحث من خلال المقدمة واهمية البحث، اذ تم التطرق في مقدمة البحث الى التقدم التكنولوجي والخطى الواسعة التي يسير بها , ودورها البارز في العملية التعليمية وكذلك تم التطرق الى مشكلة البحث والتي تتلخص بان الوسائل | This study aims to : 1 - Designing a teaching program master style and multimedia to teach some offensive skills of basketball beginners.2 - Identifying the effect of master style through using multi - media in performance of some offensive skills of basketball beginners.Hypothesis : 1 - There are statistically significant differences between the averages of the two measurements (pre and post) attributed the improvement to the two sets of research (experimental and control) in the level of performance skills for the benefit of post - test.2 - There are differences between the averages of the two measurements (experimental and control) and improvement percentage in performance skills to benefit experimental groups.Chapter 3 has been included the research methodology and procedures : Where the researcher used the experimental method style of equivalent groups so suitability and the nature of the research problem, and also included the research community and appointed, and also contains the chapter on machines and tools used in the search, and procedures the field to search from a homogeneity and equivalent between the two study groups.This chapter also included the steps preparation tutorial (Hypermedia) and the stages that went through the program during his preparation, and the software used in the preparation, as well as the third quarter included a display model of the educational program (Hypermedia) user study and the skill of handling pectoral.Conclusions : 1 - master style has positive effect on in the learning and performance research skills of the two groups (experimental and control).2 - The use of multimedia in the process of learning skills may impact significantly in the proportion of learning and performance improvement of skills in the experimental group.3 - to integrate learning master style with multimedia program has contributed to the development of skills in the experimental group significantly to the control group.4 - The use of multimedia in learning basketball skills, especially with the beginner helps rush to learn and continue to exercise.Recommendations : 1 - emphasis on the use of multimedia in learning skills in general, and learn the skills of basketball in particular.2 - emphasis on the use of a visual display (Data show) at presentation skills through a process of learning skills and basketball, especially beginners.3 - The need to incorporate educational technology programs within the coaches, especially coaches junior basketball.

اثر ترددين كهربائيين لتحفيز بعض العضلات العاملة في القوة القصوى والمتغيرات الكينماتيكية للثقل والانجاز في رفع الاثقال للرباعين المتقدمين == Effect of Two Electricians Frequency To Stimulate Some Muscle Operating At Maximum Power And The Trajectory of The Bar And Achievement In Weightlifting For Advanced Power Lifters

Author name: حيدر جبار عبد زيارة النصري
Supervisor name: عادل تركي حسن الدلوي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Weightlifting
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت مقدمة البحث التطرق الى اهمية التدريب الرياضي ومدى ارتباطه بالعلوم الاخرى من اجل الوصول بالرياضي لاعلى المراتب في المنافسات الرياضية ,و الى التحفيز الكهربائي الذي يهدف الى رفع مستوى قابلية الرياضي في القوة عن طريق اثارة العضلات بتسليط جهد كهربائي وان | Included Introduction Search addressed to the importance of sports training and how it relates to other sciences in order to reach Bariyada to the highest echelons in sports competitions, and to electrical stimulation, which aims to raise the level of portability Sports in power by stirring muscle shining voltage and feature the use of electrical stimulation is its ability to recruit a large number of muscle fibers to constrict at once and by the degree of excitement electrical, and this money is happening in the case of contraction voluntary as always remains there part of the muscle fiber did not shrink and this part is called "standby force. Hence came the importance of research to find out after you repeat electricians to stimulate some working muscles in the maximum power and Elkinmetekih variables of weight and achievement in weightlifting for advanced powerlifters.The problem : Through a field researcher with experience players weightlifting believed that an electrical stimulation has received great attention. Also summarized the research problem answering the question form that we use electrical stimulation training method Petrddan (75 - 100) Hz leads to influence the maximum power and motor track of weight and achievement of the lifters applicants?And the most important objectives of the research : 1 - Design electrical stimulation device.2 - only after physical training and physical training with electrical stimulation frequency (75) Hz, and physical training with electrical stimulation frequency (100) Hz at maximum power and some variables motor track of the weight of the achievement of the applicants in weightlifting.The most imposing is : 1. The presence of women with significant differences between pre and post tests in the use of three training methods (style physical training, physical training method with electrical stimulation frequency (75) Hz and physical training method with electrical stimulation frequency (100) Hz). And in the interest of the post test at maximum power and achievement and some kinetic path variables in weightlifting.The areas of research are : 1 - the human sphere : the players lifting weights applicants (Club Khurnq, solidarity and Najaf) in the province of Najaf supervision.3 - spatial domain : the Khurnq Club Hall of weight lifting in the province of Najaf.The second chapter has included theoretical studies and previous studiesChapter II included theoretical studies and previous studies.1 - electrical stimulation (concept - its uses - the basis of his training) 2 - muscle strength (importance - types) 3 - Max power (maximum power development) 4 - some muscles working 5 - the snatch and jerk and the elevation and its parts.As previous studies is the study Bushra Kazem 2005.Chapter III : The research methodology consisted of field and procedures : The researcher used the experimental method style totals equal to suitability of the research problem and included a sample of the research and the number (18) players were randomly selected from the community chosen intentional conduct homogeneity and parity to them and divided into three groups, each group consisted of (6) power lifters, also included means and devices and instruments used tests and measurements and questionnaires and designing electrical stimulation device by the researcher and experiences and the main search experience which included tests of tribal and training curriculum after posteriori tests and statistical methods.Chapter Four : Results and analysis and debate Ensures viewing the results and analysis and discussion of the totals for the three research where the researcher displays the results in tabular form numbered (9) tables and the presentation and analysis of all the table from these tables. Were discussing the results for each test from the test maximum power (of the arms and torso and legs) and achievement and variables. and in doing so has been reached to achieve the objectives of the research and verification of the hypothesis.Chapter V : Conclusions and recommendations con concluded researcher1. The device, which was designed by an influential researcher in the development of the relative strength of the electric muscle stimulation.2. Three training methods has had a positive impact in the development of the relative strength and achievement, and some indicators track motor performance in the snatch and lift the chest department.3. Achieved the second experimental group used the style of training frequency electrical stimulation (100) Hz first members of the experimental group and the control group in tests of relative strength (of the arms, torso and legs) and achievement and some kinetic path variables.4. The training style electrical stimulation frequency (100) Hz is the best in the development of prescription relative strength of the muscles compared style electrical stimulation frequency (75) Hz.Recommendations : - 1. Emphasis on the use of electrical stimulation with the training curriculum as a means to develop the maximum power or any other recipe.2. Emphasis on the coaches of the need to use electrical stimulation with the training curriculum for the development of achievement to snatsh and lift the chest department.3. Use intensity (100) Hz to develop maximum power.4. The need to conduct research and similar studies on other age groups.

تاثير تمرينات اللعب الطولي والعرضي لتطوير بعض المتغيرات البدنية والمهارية والعقلية والتصرف الخططي للاعبين الشباب بكرة القدم == The Effect of Longitudinal And Transverse Play Exercise To The Development of Some of Physical , Technical Skills , Mental Abilities And Tactical Conduct of Football Youth Players

Author name: عماد عودة جودة
Supervisor name: عبد الجبار سعيد محسن العاني
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Football
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Physical Education And Sports Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: ان عملية التطور في لعبة كرة القدم لا تاتي محظ صدفة وانما من خلال العمل الدؤوب والتفكير السليم المبني على اسس علمية في ايجاد افضل الوسائل والطرق التي تسهم في تطوير هذه اللعبة وصقل مواهب اللاعبين ورفع مستوياتهم في الجوانب المختلفة (البدنية، المهارية، العق | This study aims to identify The effect of longitudinal and transverse play exercise to the development of some of physical , technical skills , mental abilities and tactical conduct of football players, so the researcher assumes that the exercises affect positively to the development of some of physical , technical skills , mental abilities and tactical conduct of football players , the researcher used the experimental method in a manner of equivalent groups , the research community was identified by young players of Al njmaa club fo 2013 - 2014 seasons of (28) players , (4) goalkeepers were excluded , 24 players are rest were divided into two groups experimental group and control group.Application of longitudinal and transverse play exercises which took applied (8) weeks in the preparation period by (3) training units per week for a total of modules (24) a training unit , Where the load was formed in (2 - 1) each week and (1 - 1)between weeks.At the end of application program post tests set to measure the abilities , data were treated by Excel program to get results. Conclusions : 1 - The longitudinal and transverse play exercises affect positively to the development of some of physical , technical skills and tactical conduct of football players.2 - The longitudinal and transverse play exercises affect positively to the development of mental abilities of football players like concentration of attention and direction of attentionRecommendations : 1 - The researcher recommends of using longitudinal and transverse play exercise to the development of some of physical , technical skills , mental abilities and tactical conduct of football players2 - amphasis on use this exercises to another and different age.

مستوى الانجاز بدلالة التفكير الاستراتيجي وفقا للذاكرة الانفعالية لدى سباحي فعالية 100م سباحة حرة == The Level of Achievement In Terms of Strategic Thinking In Accordance With The Emotional Memory of Swimmers of 100 M Freestyle

Author name: حيدر مهدي سلمان
Supervisor name: عبد العزيز حيدر حسين
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Swimming
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Physical Education
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: قام الباحث باجراء هذا البحث كوسيلة لحل المشكلة المستخلصة بالاجابة عن تساؤلات عدة منها ما هو نوع العلاقة بين الانجاز والتفكير الاستراتيجي والذاكرة الانفعالية وهل يمكن التنبؤ بانجاز 100م سباحة حرة من خلال مستوى التفكير الاستراتيجي وفقا للذاكرة الانفعالية لد | This research is an attempt to solve the problem arising from several questions , including what type of relationship between achievement and strategic thinking and emotional memory is and whether it is possible to predict the completion of the 100m freestyle by the level of strategic thinking in accordance with the memory of emotional among the sample search. To solve this problem, it is supposed that there is a significant correlation between emotional memory and the level of strategic thinking , as well as a correlation statistically significant between each of the strategic thinking and emotional memory and the processing with the swimmer of the Middle Euphrates region and the southern region in the event of the 100 - meter freestyle. The research is conducted on a sample of swimmers from Middle Euphrates and the Southern regions, using the descriptive survey manner.For this purpose, a scale for measuring strategic thinking and emotional memory (consisting of 39 items and 41 items the emotional memory) following the necessary scientific steps for building standards. These two scales are ready for being applied to the research sample and that data are treated statistically. The research comes up with some conclusions and recommendations. One of the conclusions is that the members of the sample have a higher level than the average in the practice of strategic thinking and emotional memory. The need to exercise strategic thinking more broadly through the adoption of the Central Union and sub - unions of the pool project preparation swimmers under the application of strategic thinking is highly recommended Working to get rid of negative emotional memories through self - declaration in the course of writing personal notes to ease the pain of what is caused during recalling them is also recommended.

اثر التدريب بنسب مختلفة لمناطق الشدد الخمس في تحمل الاداء والمنظمات الحيوية الكيميائية وحامض اللاكتيك لمصارعي الحرة الشباب == The Impact of Training In Different Proportions To The Five Areas of Difficulties In Carrying Performance Organizations Biochemical And Lactic Acid To Free The Young Wrestlers

Author name: كمال عيال فريح اللامي
Supervisor name: اسعد عدنان عزيز الصافي
General topic: Sports
Specific topic: Wrestling
Degree: Doctorate
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Physical Education And Sports Sciences
Language: Arabic
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تلخـصت مشكـلة البحـث في السؤال الاتي : - (هل التدريب وفق مناطق الشدد الخمس بنسب مختلفة له اثر ايجابي على تحمل الاداء وعمل المنظمات الحيوية الكيميائية وحامض اللاكتيك لمصارعي الحرة الشباب ).. وهدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على الفروق الاحصائية مابين القياسين قبل | The research problem in the following question : ( Is training according to the five difficulties areas at different rates have a positive impact on bearing performance and the work of biochemical organizations and lactic acid with free the young wrestlers). The study aimed to identify the impact of the training curriculum at different rates for five areas of difficulties in bearing performance organizations biochemical and lactic acid to the free young wrestlers in Maysan.The researcher assumed that the training approach in different rates for the five areas of difficulties has positive impact on bearing performance and organizations biochemical and lactic acid to free the young wrestlers. The researcher dealt with the previous and theoretical studies related to the subject of research and he used the experimental method to solve the problem of the research, so the researcher adopted the independent groups’ style, using its scientific steps. The population of the study was the wrestlers youth team in Maysan province to the category of young people (18 - 20 years), totaling (36) representing eight weights for this category according to rules of the game. Then he was selected a random sample of (12) make up the weight (66 kg 0.74 kg), which accounted for (33.33%) of the research population. Then make a homogeneity of the sample in the variables that can affect the results. The sample was divided into two groups randomly; the first group (the first experimental) : The subject training curriculum prepared by the researcher according to difficulties five areas by intensity (61 - 98%), while the second group (the second experimental) : subject to the training curriculum prepared by the researcher according to difficulties five areas by (65 - 100%) intensity. The conduct of parity between the two experimental groups using the T - test for independent samples and all the values are not moral meaning that the two groups unequal in the research variables. The researcher discussed in the research procedures the measurements and tests used and the pilot study and the major experience conducted in addition to ensure the most appropriate statistical tools that leads to the final conclusions and then displayed in tables and figures and illustrations. Accordingly has been reached to the following results Practice according to difficulties depends on the five areas of the first and second groups leads to improve the efficiency of the vital systems.In the light of the conclusions reached, the below recommendations are proposed Adoption difficulties exercises according to the five areas used in the study within the training load components (intensity, size, comfort) at training bearing performance in the wrestling game.
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