Search — Iraqi Digital Repository

Search results: 25 out of 2,168

معوقات التنمية الاقتصادية في العراق بعد عام 2003 بحث تحليلي مقارن في ضوء معطيات التجربة الماليزية == Impediments of Economic Development In Iraq After 2003, A Comparative Analysis of The Malaysian Experience

Author name: حامد رحيم جناني

Supervisor name: لورنس يحيى صالح

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: ان الاقتصاد يشكل حجر الاساس في بناء كيان الدولة، وعامل اساس في صناعة الاستقرار العام كونه يمثل بنية تحتية يساهم في صناعة القيم الاجتماعية السائدة وشكل الدولة السياسي،وبذات الوقت ان الاصلاح الاقتصادي وتحقيق التنمية هو نتيجة طبيعية للدولة المتماسكة الحديثة | Economy is the foundation stone of the state and an important factor in the stability of the state. It is an essential factor in the formation of the prevailing social values and the policy of the state At the same time, economic reform is the product of a cohesive modern state.That means that economy is a cause and an effect. Economy plays a major role in Iraq, which is suffering from a difficult and exceptional circumstances because of the lack of balance between the elements of economic development and its economy. The necessary condition to achieve development is the diagnosis of the obstacles that prevent the development and study of international experience in a country has achieved development. This requires a study of the concept of economic development and take advantage of intellectual development at the level of modernity. Then the Obstacles of the development are analyzed comprehensively. After that the ways to achieve the development of the Iraqi economy are showed because the Iraqi economy has important ingredients and opportunities that make it capable of achieving development. In order to achieve the above, we should follow the induction in Iraq and the elicitation to clarify the experience of Malaysia for achieving economic development The Malaysian circumstances before development were similar to the current Iraqi circumstances. Consensual democracy is the reason of the political struggles in Iraq as well as the reality of the situation explains there is an inverse relationship between oil's revenues and achieving development in Iraq because of the dominance of government on the economy and the emergence of Dutch disease The decision - makers' will and ability should be available at the level of development that coupled with the strategic economic planning

واقع الخصخصة في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة 1987 - 2005 ومستقبلها في ظل استراتيجيه التنمية الوطنية

Author name: تغريد قاسم محمد ابو تراب

Supervisor name: شعبان صدام منشد الامارة

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

دور القطاع الخاص في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة 2002 - 2008 == The Role of Private Sector In Iraqi Economy For The Period (2002 - 2008)

Author name: بيداء رزاق حسين الزيدي

Supervisor name: نبيل جعفر عبد الرضا المرسومي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

قياس تاثير نافذة بيع العملة على التغيرات في سعر الصرف وعرض النقود في العراق == Measure The Impact of Currency Auction On The Variability of The Exchange Rate & Money Supply In Iraq

Author name: بلال قاسم محمد حسن

Supervisor name: محمود محمد محمود داغر

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: ان الحالة الانتقالية التي عاشها الاقتصاد العراقي بعد 2003، والتحول في اتجاهات السياسة النقدية حديثا اثر حصول البنك المركزي على استقلاليته استنادا الى قانون 56 لعام 2004، ادت الى استخدام السلطة النقدية ادوات حديثة وبما يتناسب مع متطلبات التوجه نحو نظام السوق من جهة، والخصوصية التي يتصف بها الاقتصاد العراقي في ظل الاختلال الهيكلي الذي يعاني منه فضلا عن تخلف النظام المالي والمصرفي من جهة اخرى.اتبعت السلطة النقدية سياسة استهداف التضخم من اجل الحفاظ على الاستقرار النقدي في البلد وعده حاضنة للنمو المستقبلي ، واستخدمت من اجل تحقيق هدفها سعر الصرف مثبتا اسميا Nominal Anchor ، بسبب ريعية الاقتصاد والهشاشة المالية Shallowness وانفصال القطاع الحقيقي عن النقدي مما يجعل القنوات التقليدية لانتقال اثر السياسة النقدية (معدل الفائدة) غير فاعلة بنسبة كبيرة . واستخدمت السلطة النقدية نافذة بيع العملة الية للسيطرة على سعر الصرف والتحكم به (في ظل نظام صرف معلن de Jure نظام تعويم مدار ، ونظام صرفي حقيقي de facto ينقسم لمرحلتين الاولى 2004 - 2009 نظام تعويم مدار والثانية 2009 - 2015 نظام سعر صرف ثابت)، وبما يحقق هدف استقرار الاسعار. نجحت السلطة النقدية من خلال استعمال نافذة بيع العملة في السيطرة على سعر الصرف وتقليص فجوة الصرف بين السعر الرسمي والسعر الموازي، ومن ثم الحفاظ على سعر صرف مستقر نسبيا للمدة 2004 - 2015 وبالتالي استقرار الاسعار والقوة الشرائية في الاقتصاد .الا ان نجاح هذه الاداة كان على حساب الضغط على الاحتياطيات الدولية لدى البنك المركزي في ظل الانفاق الاستهلاكي الكبير من قبل الحكومة، مقابل تناقص عائدات النفط التي تمثل المصدر الوحيد لعرض العملة الاجنبية . مما يجعل سعر الصرف مستقبلا هو الاخر غير قادر على الحفاظ على استقرار الاسعار وخفض التضخم، بالتالي تصبح العملة العراقية مهددة بالانهيار . ولكنها تبقى الاداة الفاعلة الوحيده لدى السلطة النقدية في ظل الظروف الخاصة التي يعيشها الاقتصاد العراقي. | The transition states that Iraq economy lived it after 2003. And the change in tools used by monetary policy based on C.B.I law 56 in 2004, under the especially situation for the economy (structural imbalances and the weakness of banking & financial sector).The monetary policy followed the inflation target policy to keep the monetary stability in the economy and considered it an incubator for future growth. It used the exchange rate as a nominal anchor to achieve the goal (because the rentier of economy, finance Shallowness & separation between real sector and finance sector, all this cause the normal channel to transfer the effect of monetary policy (interest rate) ineffective.For all that the monetary policy used the Auction as a mechanism to effect on exchange rate. And it’s succeed to controls the exchange rate and reduce the gap between the official price and real price to keep the exchange rate relatively stable for period 2004 - 2015 down to the stability of prices & purchasing power.But the succeed of Auction caused pressure on international Reserves in the C.B.I under the big government expenditure (especially the consumption expenditure) compared to a decrease of oil return, which represent the only source to supply the foreign currency. That makes exchange rate in the future inactive to keep the stability in the price and decrease the inflation.But the Auction still the only active tool used by the monetary policy under the especially situation the Iraqi economies lived.

الابتكارات الحديثة في انظمة المدفوعات وتاثيرها في استقرار السياسة النقدية مع اشارة الى تجربة الاتحاد الاوروبي

Author name: برهان عثمان حسين البرزنجي

Supervisor name: ثريا عبد الرحيم علي الخزرجي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

المحفظة الاستثمارية الحديثة وامكانية تطبيقها : دراسة حالة سوق العراق للاوراق المالية == The Modern Portfolio Theory And Their Possible Application : Case Study of The Iraqi Market For Stock Exchange

Author name: براء محي الدین ابراهیم الاعظمي

Supervisor name: محمد صالح سلمان الكبيسي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: This study highlight the vital part of the economy but a portfolio investment, the fact that the portfolio selection process consists of two parts, one based on scientific facts is formed in front of investor The second part is the view of the individual Alchkssp direction of each molecule within the investment portfolio, which being, so the basic premise that the investor builds its conclusions on the extent of his faith in the future accomplishment earned him the financial market. The purpose of the selection problem of the thesis is not the absence of solutions, but the lack of a systematic economic address in full, and due to how the vision is most clearly as possible to both parts of the investment portfolio, namely, the return and risk, the problem is between what the investor wants achieved return for what is achieved already and what to accept the risk of confrontation and what is the risk of the portfolio in fact. It is this basis of this letter seeks to achieve several goals, the first access to the basic theory to solve the problem is the possibility of application of the theory of modern portfolio investment in the Iraqi market for securities and the suitability of the Iraqi economy, and the second the possibility of creating a wide application of policy Tnoieip efficient investment portfolio and third - term application of the method systematic scientific approach to portfolio investment in the Iraqi financial market and the fourth is the ability to build accurate conclusions for the future of racial and portfolio risk and return them by relying on historical data of each financial asset or several types of financial asset of one and the quality of the results achieved. Therefore, the premise upon which the study was the adoption of portfolio theory as a basis to draw a scientific and systematic way to access the maximum possible returns with the face of the lowest possible risk through the activation of efficient policy of diversification with the appropriate combination with the investment portfolio compared with similar work and act for the difference between methodological approach taken and the method of random non - systematic, the success of the hypothesis was tested by selecting a sample of joint stock companies operating in the Iraqi market for securities and depending on certain financial indicators to derive the most accurate results, which can show us the best possible vision for the future of the reality of the investment portfolio of the design was done investment vocabulary consists of the sample was selected based on efficiency in terms of return and low risk, and that led to the results proved the success of the user mode within the reality of the Iraqi economy. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com The letter contained five chapters discuss the first chapter in his upbringing and the concept of modern portfolio theory and overlap between them and the theory of economic benefit, while the Chapter II contains the components parts of the investment portfolio and how to build an investment portfolio modern theory of the basics, and Chapter III Regulations in the Iraqi market for securities and the fundamental basis of by the methodological approach taken in the test, the fourth chapter has also addressed the comparison between the portfolio working without scientific basis and the investment portfolio that has been adopted and built on scientific method and the theoretical foundation of the theory of portfolio investment, and that Chapter V contains the conclusions had been reached in the This study in addition to the recommendations it deems researcher within this message. The most important conclusions reached are : 1. Methods that must be followed to achieve the investment objectives selected in the squad for the wallet is pursuing a policy of investment Tnoieip efficient. 2. Indicated that follow such a systematic way has proved clear guidelines on the difference between him and the random - based Allaalmip, which showed no impact on the investment within the Iraqi financial market. 3. Find the way to determine the impact of mental outlook for the investor to both the size of the return that he wants to achieve in relation to the risk that possible to face in any combination selected by any policy Tnoieip followed. 4. Achieve scientific method used to infer two main points : A. Get on the prospects for more efficient to configure a variety of policy and the use of diversification that may be appropriate to the aspirations of the investor. B. The adoption of mobile style in his analysis of economic and financial indicators for companies selected for investment and thus takes into account the possible changes and jumps occur in each economy of any country in particular, periods of economic crisis being interested in measuring the indicators of historical formulas.

الامن المائي وتاثيره في التنمية الزراعية في العراق == Water Security And Its Effect Upon Agricultural Development In Iraq

Author name: بثينة حسيب سلمان الشريفي

Supervisor name: مهدي صالح محمد العاني

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: Mustansiriyah University

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تعد المياه من العوامل الطبيعية الضرورية في عملية التنمية الاقتصادية بشكل عام والزراعية بشكل خاص، الا ان هذه الموارد تعاني من جملة من المشاكل منها التغيرات المناخية وما ينتج عنها من تغيرات في الهطول المطري والثلوج اذ تشكل تلك الظاهرة تاثيرا مباشرا في ا | Water resources in Iraq face many challenges such as meeting basic needs, security the food and governing water wisely. This would require the preparation of a detailed strategic plan and assessment of the current state of water security in order to identify the handicaps.The aim of this thesis is to build water budget in Iraq until 2025 to show the relationship between supply and demand of water.The thesis provides a discussion of the many items of the budget, together with some possible costs. The discussion is mostly descriptive, but quantitative estimates are included for one aspect of the problem : the effect of water surplus upon economics and agriculture growth.The hypothesis adopted in this thesis is that Iraq will never face water deficit in the Long - term. The thesis divided into three chapters. The first of which considers water security in Iraq, and the impact of the policies adopted by neighboring countries (Turkey, Iran and Syria).An effort was made to show the handicaps which hinder the growth of agriculture by using indices in order to reach some suggestions to overcome them.The second chapter, studies the effective factors in agricultural development through the national plans and investment programs for the period (1951 - 2025).In the third chapter, the future water budget was constructed until 2025. The items of input and output of water were determined in such budget.The results of the analysis showed that Iraq will not suffer from water deficit in current and future period.Finally, some conclusions and recommendations were reached. Most of them show the necessity of the contribution of water resources in economic and agricultural development and increasing the benefits of water surplus.

واقع اداء صناعة النقل البحري في دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي والعراق : دراسة مقارنة == The Real Performance of Maritime Transport Industry In G.C.C. A And Iraq (A Comparative Study)

Author name: بان علي حسين المشهداني

Supervisor name: فاضل جمعة جبر العقابي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تحليل ازمة التخطيط في العراق في ظل التحول نحو اقتصاد السوق للمدة (2003 - 2013)م == Analysis of The Planning Crisis In Iraq Within The Transformation Toward Market Economy For The Period (2003 - 2013)

Author name: بان خليل ابراهيم الموسوي

Supervisor name: يحيى غني جاسم النجار

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: يقدم هذا البحث عددا من التحليلات والشواهد النظرية والدلائل العلمية التي توضح مدى تاثير التغيرات والتحولات الاقتصادية العالمية على الاقتصاد العراقي الذي شهد التوجه نحوها منذ عام 2003م بعــــــد عقــــود من سيــــطرة الاقتصاد الموجه، مستعرضا ابرز مظاهر ال | This research presents many of theoretical analyzes and attestations, and scientific evidences showing the impact of global changes and economic transformations on the Iraqi economy, which is witnessing orientation towards it since 2003 after decades of domination - oriented economy, presenting the most prominent manifestations of economic transformation towards market economy (the advanced capitalist) of programs and policies strategy brought by global organizations of capitalism, which affected the planning trends and economic development objectives. We have been discussing many of the core issues such as advanced capitalism, market economy, liberalization and integration, privatization and direct foreign investment. In the midst of Iraq's transition towards market economy and to try to apply the trends mentioned above, the Iraqi economy bumped into crisis of tends applications. So it has become the achievement of development objectives necessarily requires a certain policies and procedures, which in turn requires the employment of means to achieve them within range of a specific time and through a scientific approach in the implementation of optimization in allocation of available resources, and this is what can not be automatically achieved. In other words, it is impossible to rely on the market mechanism in optimizing the best use of national resources, it has proven experiences of advanced capitalism itself that the market economy is unable to achieve the optimal allocation of resources without government intervention by means of formats and procedures include long - term economic plans. From this perspective highlights the role of meaningful economic planning as a scientific method is capable of running the economic development process safely, and that serve their goals in society as a whole service, along with the market economy form that makes their relationship become complementary, more precisely, to achieve coexistence between the private and public sector, with a greater role for the public sector. And within the activities of the public sector across the way planning levels is (preparation, implementation and follow - up implementation) many of the problems and obstacles that are crises appear, may be incurred and clarified a way that allows educate track and treatment to upgrade the Iraqi economy. Iraq remains important, like other developing countries is the (search for an economic system that takes advantages of the stylistic planning and the market mechanism, and excludes the negative impacts in line with global economic changes).

سياسات تحرير التجارة الخارجية وانعكاساتها على الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة 2002 - 2007 == Policies of External Trade Liberation And Iraqi Its Reflections On The Iraqi Economy 2002 - 2007

Author name: باسمة كزار حسن

Supervisor name: نبيل جعفر عبد الرضا المرسومي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تحليل العوامل المحددة لسياسة الاقتراض العام : مصر حالة دراسية == The Analysis of Limited Factors For Policy of Public Credit , Egypt As Study Case

Author name: باسم محمد تركي العواد

Supervisor name: يسرى مهدي حسن السامرائي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The public credits are considered to be one of the most important source of the public - Revenues. In addition, they are considered to be modern tools for making and financing the public service which are brought into surface with the presence of the modern public financial concepts. moreover , they are distributing the financial - Burden among different section of the society. The public - credits ,also, affect the process of distributing the national income since they are recognized to be prominent tools for relating the fiscal - policy with monetary policy.The matter of increasing the public - credits economically , socially and politically is widely justified because of the government interfering in the economic and social fields.This interference leads also, to the increasing of the public payment which are used to save the other public revenues like taxes. This process of financing leads consequently to a deficit in the blanc of payments for a lot of countries that follow such policy. Addihoually, those countries make use of these credits to save the deficits. Therefore , these credits become like an active means to save the revenues which cannot be achieved by the taxes. Besides, the public credits are considered and recognized to be one of the most important means of the fiscal and economic policy to achieve the national intentions This study describes the problem of the public credits by tackling the main elements that affect this kind of policy.Besides, the study makes some application to the public credits policy in Egypt. The changes in Egyptian economics have been determined when the affective elem ents of the internal and external crediting policy are dealt with especially after the application of the reformation policy after 1990. The study is divided into three main chapters. The first are deals with the concept of the public credits.This chapter is divided into two sections.The first one tackles the development of this concept from the traditional thought till the modern one.While, the second section deals with the technical way of systemizing the public credits in the form of conditions and issues.The second chapter analyzes the economic and social elements which determine the main policy of crediting.This chapter is also divided into two sections.The first one deals with the economic elements whiles the second one tackles the political and social elements that determine and form the policy of crediting. The third chapter is dedicated to deal with the elements of crediting in Egypt. It is divided into three sections. The first one deals with the affective elements of the amount of the internal and external public crediting.The second section is dedicated to highlight the economic elements that form the policy of the public crediting in Egypt. The third section tackles the political and social elements that form the public crediting policy.Finally , the last chapter sums up the finding that the study come with

فاعلية السياسة النقدية في تحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة من 1990 - 2005

Author name: باسم خميس عبيد الشمري

Supervisor name: فريد جواد كاظم الدليمي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

تحليل العلاقة بين البيئة والتنمية المستدامة مع اشارة خاصة لحالة محافظة اربيل == Analysis of Relationship Between The Environment And Sustainable Development With Spiced Case Study In Erbil Governorate

Author name: ايوب انور حمد سماقةيى

Supervisor name: يحيى غني جاسم النجار

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

الخصخصة بين النظرية والتطبيق في دول مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == Privatization Between Theor And Practice In Some of Chosen Countries With Reverence To Iraq

Author name: ايناس محمد رشيد المشهداني

Supervisor name: حسن نوري الياسري

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

مشكلة المديونية الخارجية لبلدان عربية مختارة مع اشارة خاصة للعراق للمدة (1985 - 2004) == Problem of External Indebtedness For A Selected Arab Countries With A Reference To Iraq Period 1985 - 2004

Author name: اياد كاظم حسون

Supervisor name: هناء عبد الحسين محيميد الطائي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: It is well known that the subject - matter of external indebtedness has been representing a huge problem for most of Arab countries, including oil producing ones, save Arab gulf Countries.amongst the countries studied here we will focus on Egypt and Algeria who both have experienced unfavourable circumstances and went too far in borrowing to have the highest rank in the list of the indebted Arab countries. And they both still suffer the growing consequences of the problem. As for Iraq, although its indebtedness reached high levels, It is still considered new.The research goes from hypothesis which implies that there are interior and external factors that made the problem grow, tremendously. And these factors are having great influence over some macroeconomic variables in the countries indebted, which resulted in a disability of repayment and a status of having no options to refuse the severe terms of rescheduling.To verify the correctness of the hypothesis the study is trying to 1 - Analyzes the size of the developing countries external debts and to compare it to the external debt of the Arab countries for the period 1985 - 2004.2 - Using path analysis model to measure and analyzes the relationship between the growing burdens of exterior indebtedness and some economic variables3 - To explain the mechanisms that are used to reduce the severity of the problem in the countries studied including Iraq.The study included three major chapters that form the framework and the subjective context for the research requirements.the first chapter was dedicated to the conceptual aspect of the external indebtedness, while the second one devoted to analyze the evolution of the developing and Arab countries indebtedness.The third chapter dedicated to use path analysis style to measure the influence of the problem over some economic variables.Eventually, the study reached at some conclusions.the most important of which con be put as the following, the indebted countries are lacking, A clear strategy to handle their debts. In another word, borrowing is not a sin if the money borrowed are to be directed to productive sectors that may contribute to repayment.as for recommendations, the thesis stresses on the indebted states to constitute an independent institutions assigned To manage loan efficiently.such institutions must be in charge of every thing relates to rescheduling, repayments and to relieve the burden of the problem

اسواق المشتقات ودورها في العولمة المالية

Author name: الهام خزعل ناشور

Supervisor name: شعبان صدام منشد الامارة | مهدي صالح حنوش

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

الائتمان المصرفي بين تحديات المخاطر وسبل المعالجة : دراسة تحليلية للمصارف التجارية الخاصة في العراق

Author name: ازهار حسن علي ابونايلة

Supervisor name: ثريا عبد الرحيم علي الخزرجي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: ن المؤكد ان للائمان المصرفي دورا مهما جدا في دعم عملية التنمية الاقتصادية، بعده وسيط مالي بين المدخرين والمستثمرين، ويعد الدور الكبير للائتمان المصرفي في توجيه النشاط الاقتصادي صوب المشاريع الاستثمارية المهمة ذات الاستغلال الامثل للموارد المتوافرة والد | IT is certain that bank credit has an essential part in supporting the economic development process as a financial intermediary between savers and inverters. Beside the essential role of bank credit in directing the economic activity towards the important investment projects that best make use of available resources and supporting the economic development process, therefore, bank credit represents the economic activity mainstay.Banks are liable to financial and bank risks such as; interest rate risks, exchange rate risks, market risks, rubbery and bankruptcy risks, investment risks, national risks, liquidity risks, inflation risks, globalization risks, and merging risks, In addition to, credit risks. Accordingly, suitable means must be found to overcome these risks. Private Commercial banks in Iraq were allowed to practice their work in 1992 in unnatural conditions such as the embargo, high average of inflation, and changing from of government; so, these banks are liable to many financial and risks besides the influence of general conditions, such as the unstable economic and political condition on these banks.The economic problem of research (bank credit risks and credit problems increase and happen together with the unstable economic and political condition).The study came from a theory has significance (the bank credit process as any financial process is liable to many risks and challenges).The study implies three chapters; each chapter contains three fields of researches, conclusions, and recommendation. The first chapter refers to the bank credit impractical framework. The second chapter refers to bank credit risks between Basel committee decision and bank reform. While the third chapter refers to bank credit analytic study and its risks on private commercial banks in Iraq and their quitted for reform.

اثر اتفاقية حقوق الملكية الفكرية في تسيير الانشطة الصناعية عالميا وعربيا في اطار منظمة التجارة العالمية مع اشارة خاصة للعراق == The Impact of The Intellectual Property Rights Convention On The Conduct of Arabic And Worldwide Industrials Activities Within The Framework of WTO With Special Sign To Iraq

Author name: اثير ناطق محمد نجيب

Supervisor name: ثائر محمود رشيد العاني

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

العولمـة الاقتصادية واثرها على القطاع الزراعي في دول عربية مختارة (مصر والاردن وسوريا) == The Economic Globalization And The Effect On Agricultural Sector In Selecte Arabic Countries (Egypt & Jordan & Syria)

Author name: اثير عباس عبادي

Supervisor name: محمد رضا عبد العظيم

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: يتناول البحث احد اهم المواضيع الاقتصادية في الوقت الحاضر الا وهو العولمة الاقتصادية واثرها على القطاع الزراعي في الدول العربية ولان الحديث عن العولمة الاقتصادية لابد ان يقترن بدور الياتها الاقتصادية المتمثلة بصندوق النقد الدولي وسياسات الاصلاح الاقتصادي ا | The research take up one of the more important economic subjects at the present time that is economic globalization and the effect on agricultural sector in Arabic countries and the talking about the economic globalization should to be coupled with the H’s mechanical economic role which by representative international monetary fund (IMF) and the policies of economic reform which has adopted at the developing countries and that of them Arabic countries also the international bank for reconstruction and development (IBRD) and the policies of the structural adaption also the role to activity the mechanical market and to go under the government’s role in economics activity also the role of the multi - national companies through the foreign direct investment (IFD) also the role of the world trade organization (WTO) to have a free international trading in the agriculturing goods from here the study important is coming to analysis the actual the Arabic agricultural sector under these variable which companion with the economic globalization and it’s mechanical through the actual Arabic agricultural sector analysis under the economic reform processes and the structural Adjustment adaptation and analysis the free international trading for the agriculturing goods within hold from the effects on the Arabic food and agriculture trading and analysis the policies free schedule for the (FDI) which Arabic countries are followed in agricultural sector. The study has aimed confirm that the economic globalization has come the result of the economic interest fight and to have control on the international economic through to control on the economic sides the finical side through the (IMF) and financial side through the (IBRF) and the trading side and investment through the (WTO) and the multi - national companies and this side have very important effects on the agricultural sector through the policies and mechanical application of the economic globalization so that should be to stop long on this effects to analysis the potential reflection for this effects and the present status of the agricultural ability exists in the form which less from the unit of the negative reflection for it and increase and consolidation for the positive effects for it in the shape which serve the development instructions in it and supported the role of the agricultural sector and the research has been depended on to study the state ( Egypt & Jordan & Syria ) in order to Egypt and Jordan are from the countries which have been depended on economic policies repair on the international Establishment and they are enjoined in (WTO) but the stud state of Syria because it has policies repair economic depended on them self and the research has been depended on the to attain this study effects application the policies of economic globalization in these countries through to showing the indications of economic before to application these policies and through in it. The more important which this study has reached the results is to application the economic globalization policies has on the positive effects and negative on the agricultural sector in the countries subjective study.And the study recommend to complain the Arabic economic to consolidation the benefit from the trading and the investment opportunities which the globalization and to faced it’s challenges and to encourage the Arabic trading among them and the international trading and to less the depend on the broad sources to in sure them food

التخصيص الامثل للموارد باستخدام اسلوب البرمجة الخطية وبناء جدول الجدوى الاقتصادية لشركة الصناعات الخفيفة (قطاع مختلط) == The Optimum Allocation of Resources By Using The Linear Programming Method, And Building - Up The Economic Feasibility Schedule For Light - Industries Company (Mixed Sector)

Author name: احمد شاكر محمود المعاضيدي

Supervisor name: هاشم علوان السامرائي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Administration And Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: Most industrial companies In Iraq, suffer from the problem of misuse of their available economic resources, which result decreasing their abilities to create value added and lowering their contribution in the formation of gross domestic product (GDP). This also leads to slowing the rate of growth of (GDP), while this can be avoided if decision makers in these companies can use the right scientific methods in achieving optimum methods in their resource allocation. Accordingly, the choice of the subject of this thesis takes the title : [the optimum allocation of resources by using the linear programming method, and building - up the economic feasibility schedule for light industries company (mixed sector)]. This company was particularly chosen, as a case study, as it is considered to be an important industrial company, in the mixed sector, and which can raise national product, reducing unemployment, hence, improving the economic indicators of the national economy.The method of analysis of research of shown through using the linear programming method, and post optimality analysis as two ways of planning methods which may help the management of the company in decision - making with regard to the present production plan, and for future expansion plans, as for achieving economic efficiency. The research covered four chapters : the first chapter deals with the theoretical economic framework, reviewing ideas connected with the subject of resource allocation. It also contains the quantitative theoretical framework, that deals with the conditions and concepts of the linear programming method, and the post optimality analysis. The second chapter deals with the objectives, and actual facts of the company as well as a brief historical review about its development. In addition, the study covered the company’s relative importance to the engineering industries (mixed sector), as well as the progress of the main economic and financial indicators in the company, for the period of (1991 - 2000), and its prospects for year 2005. The third chapter, deals with the practical side of the research, represented by preparing and gathering data for building - up linear programming models, in order to select a suitable production plan for the year 2001, in addition to using the post optimality analysis, to prepare necessary data needed for the study of the suggested investment expansion plans. The fourth chapter deals with the some theoretical economic ideas, relating to the economic feasibility schedule, in addition to building - up the economic feasibility schedule for the company, for the period of (2002 - 2012). The research was concluded with a number of conclusions and recommendations.

الكلف البيئية للتنمية ومقتضيات تضمينها للانشطة التنموية واظهارها في الحسابات القومية : دراسة حالة العراق == The Environmental Costs of Development And Requirements of Its Adding To The Developing Activities And Displaying Them In National Accounting (Iraq As A Case Study)

Author name: ازهار عبد اللطيف حسين

Supervisor name: مانع حبش الطعمة

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

واقع التنمية الزراعية المستدامة ومتطلباتها في العراق == The Status of Sustainable Agricultural Development And Its Requirements In Iraq

Author name: احمد جبر سالم السالم

Supervisor name: جليل شيعان ضمد البيضاني

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

اثر تغيرات اسعار النفط الخام على بعض المؤشرات الاقتصادية الكلية للاقطار العربية الاعضاء في منظمة (اوبك) للمدة (2007 - 1990) == The Effect of Changes In Crude Oil Prices On Some Macroeconomic Indicators For The Arab Countries Members of (Opec) For The Period (1990 - 2007)

Author name: وسام حسين علي حسين الدليمي

Supervisor name: علي احمد درج درويش الدليمي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Anbar - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Anbar

First pages:

المدن الالكترونية ودورها في الاقتصاد الفعال : دراسة في دول مختارة == E - Cities And Its Role In Effective Economy Study In Chosen Countries

Author name: نادية صالح مهدي الوائلي

Supervisor name: نوري عبد الرسول الخاقاني

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Kufa - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Najaf

First pages:

Abstract: The changes that resulted from the information and communication technology revolutions, affect all the economic, social and political life aspects, the development rates are increasing in the economies that are distinguished with the high potentialities on technical abilities, As for the information era, the wale world get into a developed stage to utilize the available techniques in the field of information and communication technology which become the basic standard of the 21st century's centuries. This development has revolutionized the concepts and methods were until recently not available, then the rapid development of other concepts prevailing in the methods of dealing at the level of countries, organizations and individuals so that the world has become a small village interrelated, and allowed to go beyond the dimension of time and space, to form a vital part of an active and influential in the implementation of this transactions. The economy is effectively in question is a stage of advanced knowledge - based economy, which depends on developments in information technology and communications, can be described the economy as being effective if the indicators of a functioning economy are working well, if the expanded use of e - commerce significantly and levels of investment in information technology high technology exports information constitutes a significant proportion of trade in general, and if the economy was powered through the Department and the Government of eBooks effective and sophisticated, and the city e - represents an appropriate environment in which there are indicators of a functioning economy, where there is a social structure developed in terms of information, as well as e - commerce and e - governance is working well, and this What helps to create a favorable investment climate for companies operating in the field of Information Technology and communication, and thus encourage the industries that operate in the field of information technology and communications.From this standpoint will be the theme (E - city and its impact on the effective economy) as an attempt to shed light on the new concept of the economy according to the economic vision of analytical for the purpose of diagnosing the possibility of applying a functioning economy in the economies in question, hoping to make a contribution in this field from the fields of economic knowledge

الازمة المالية العالمية لعام 2008 وانعكاساتها على اقتصادات اقطار مجلس التعاون الخليجي == International Financial Crises In 2008 And Its Impacts On The Economies of Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

Author name: مصطفى فاضل حمد ضاحي الفراجي

Supervisor name: علي احمد درج درويش الدليمي

General topic: Administration and Economics

Specific topic: Economy

Degree: Master

University: University of Anbar - Faculty Of Administration And Economics - Department Of Economics

Language: Arabic

University location: Anbar

First pages:

Abstract: The financial crisis (2008) is considered the greatest crisis after the crisis of the great depression (1929) since its effect is not limited to the industrial developed countries ,but also its negative aspect is reflected on the economies of the developing countries due to the economic openness. The banks have expanded granting insurance loans and not taking into consideration the ability of the borrowers to pay back these loans. In addition to the work of some financial institutions which are specialized in the insurance of the pledge of real estate by re - selling the debts through using notes leads to multiplying the loans by insurance of the assets itself. At the time of payment , most borrowers could not achieve their commitments and this, in its turn, urges the institutions to put hand on the real estates and display them for selling. Because of the increase of what is displayed, their prices decreased. Consequently, the crisis of the financial availability happened. This has led to the collapse of many financial institutions working in the pledge of real estate which results in economic shrinking to most economies and entering of some economies in the depression stage as in Germany and Greece. Although the efforts exerted by the developed countries in solving this crisis, all these plans were nothing but just to belittle the problem of the crisis. The impact of the crisis depends on the scope of the economic openness. Because of this economic openness by which the countries of the Gulf cooperative Council are characterized , the impacts of this crisis are reflected on these countries clearly. These countries are characterized by the huge size of financial activity all over the world, especially, the United American states and west Europe. Furthermore, the effect of this crisis led to the decrease of the prices of the world petrol which is considered the main source of government inputs and the decrease of the real materials prices that are exported by these countries. This led to getting back the financial and all the economic remarks of these countries. The Gulf financial markets suffered from great financial loses, especially, the invested money aboard. This is due to the effect of the crisis on the world financial crisis. Consequently, its negative effect is reflected on the Gulf markets because of the economic openness. The researcher tries, in the present study , to analyse the world financial crisis from the viewpoint of the reseans and their reactions, particularly, on the countries of the Gulf Cooperative Council. This is to solve the most important reactions, get benefit from the lessons of this crisis work on preventing the recursion of such financial crisis, protect the Arabic economies from the world financial crisis and stop the transformation of its impacts on the Arabic economies if it world happen in other economies