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الاستقرار الريفي في قضاء شط العرب == A Stability Rural In The Shatt Al - Arab District

Author name: لمى غازي عوفي التميمي

Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: تهدف الدراسة التعرف على واقع الاستقرار الريفي في منطقة الدراسة والتي تحددت بقضاء شط العرب بحسب وحداته الادارية هي (مركز قضاء شط العرب، ناحية النشوة), اذ اشتمل القضاء على (39) مستقرة ريفية منها (18) مستقرة ريفية تقع ضمن مركز القضاء، و(21) مستقرة ريفية في ن | The aim of this research is to recognize on reality of rural stability in the ears of study, which located at Shatt - al - Arab according to its unit agnosticism, Which is (canton the Shatt al - Arab Center, Canton of Al - Nashua), Which includes (39) rural stable of which (18) are located at Canton Center, and (21) at Al - Nashua township, as Well as that the study improves that that influence 0f the historical dimension to the emergence of rural Settlements as the region Suffers to numerous administrative Changes as merging Al - Nashua township With all its settlements administratively With all Shatt - al - Arab in 1983 after that it Was belonged to Al Qurna township and thus prepare rural Settlements Served increased in the study area.......There are Several factors influenced the distribution of rural stability, including human and other natural and emerged three distributional patterns of Settlements served consisted linear pattern which forms the rate (64.1%) and the accumulated pattern by the rate (12.8%) and the dispersed patterns by the rate(23.1%) of the total numbers stable.The studies showed the variation in sizes settlements some of urban sprawl and its impact on reducing agricultural land area as a result of the process of saie of agricultural land and turn it into housing units resulting from population growth and family fission, as studies addressed the reason that led to the reluctance of farmers for agriculture and showed of farmers for agriculture. Population education, health and marketing as well as study the reality of educational, health and recreational services and the infrastructure as study followed uses of residential, agricultural, industrial and commercial land and therefore the study came out the conclusions aimed at the advelopmement of resistance spot and the advancement of the current betterment will be discussed and explained in detail through the chapters of the message

ميناء مبارك الكويتي وتاثيراته على العراق : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == Mubarak Kuwait Port And Its Impacts On Iraq : A Study In Political Geography

Author name: حاكـم هيال جاسـم التوبـي

Supervisor name: سعود عبد العزيز عبد المحسن الشعبان الفضلي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geopolitics

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: تناول موضوع الدراسة - ميناء مبارك الكويتي وتاثيراته على العراق - دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية عدة طروحات تمثلت بالاثر الذي سيتركه الميناء وموقعه ونشاطه المستقبلي على الموانئ العراقية والاقتصاد العراقي بشكل عام. وتكمن اهمية الموضوع في توقيت انشاء الميناء و| The subject matter of the study - Mubarak Kuwait Port and its impacts on Iraq - a study in political geography - deals with some arguments represented by the impact that the port and its location and anticipated activity leaves on Iraqi ports and Iraqi Economy in general. The importance of the subject matter lies in the timing of the port construction and the Iraqi objections that it created at all levels which expressed their fears of impeding Iraqi Navigation in Khor Al Zubair and thereafter Iraqi trade with the outside world particularly more than tow third of the trade of Iraq is imported via its economical ports in Arab Gulf. Furthermore , most of Iraqi petroleum exports are exported via its oil ports in Arab Gulf where oil tankers cross the waters of Arab Gulf beyond Iraqi sovereignty. this geopolitical situation is also a source of concern for the decision makers in Iraq. It can be recognized that how Kuwait made use of natural phenomena especially the tide phenomenon in the construction of Mubarak port on the base of reducing the effects of such phenomenon causing deposition to occur on the Kuwaiti shore. in turn , erosion and scour occur on Iraqi shore leading for the Kuwait to obtain more soils on the account of Iraqi regional waters and soils. By considering the port drawings , it is quite clear that damages will fall upon Iraq because the port is due to be constructed in a place where maritime traffic will widely increased. In addition , the deviation of canal route towards the Kuwaiti shore and the port impeding thereof. Furthermore , the fact that Mubarak port is very much close to Al Fao port - about 4 KM distance roughly - means that the later hindered Iraqi plans in expanding AL Fao Grand Port. Iraq accordingly was obliged to move Al Fao port away southward to its previous location which opposite Mubarak port because the area is being seriously narrow where there is availability and countering of tow big ports. Navigation cannot move fluently and safely which jeopardizes Iraqi ports in Khor Al Zubair besides Al Fao port to be disabled or crippled part of their activities especially the navigation canal lies in the regional Kuwaiti waters. Worthy of recognition , the historical heritage of Iraq - Kuwait relation has created unstable situations overwhelmed with suspicion and mistrust to both parties because of the military tragic events took place between the two countries and the Kuwaiti feeling of fear and caution due to Iraq 's movements in the waters of the Arab Gulf in addition to the perennial concern due to Iraq's demands of Kuwait belonging thereto. Moreover, Iraq fears the damages that affect Iraqi trade when Mubarak port will be in operation which means the occurrence of imminent threat jeopardizes Iraqi ports and warns the loss of huge financial incomes due to the loss of thousands of job opportunities for workers as well as shipment agencies and maritime shipment lines may be transferred to Mubarak port which will disrupt the track work of Iraqi Ports and then it will paralyze their movement which means that there are Iraqi fears because of Kuwaiti intentions in Mubarak port.This study offered some scenarios besides Iraq ' s available capabilities to reduce the damage of this port. The study showed the political and economical motives behind the establishment of this port. The structuring of the study was made of five chapters. The first chapter deals with theoretical and conceptual framework while the second deals with natural and human features of Iraqi shore. the third chapter presents a historical outline of Iraqi - Kuwaiti Relations as well as the location and the drawings of the port. the fourth chapter focuses on the Mubarak port political and economical impacts on Iraq. the fifth chapter presents the anticipated scenarios of Mubarak port - a geopolitical study - besides the available capabilities of Iraq to avoid or rather reduce part of these damages.

تطور النقل البحري لموانئ العراق (1950 - 2000) : دراسة في جغرافية النقل == Development Of Sea Transport In Iraq Ports (1950 - 2000)

Author name: علي حسين خميس حسن العنزي

Supervisor name: حميد غالب عجيل السكيني

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This study aims at investigation sea transport in Iraqi ports during the period of 1950 - 2000. Geography of sea transport has not been given enough attention by the researchers in spite of its high importance. Needless to say that such studies will give clear insights about the dynamics of sea cleat in sights about the dynamics f sea transport as one of the most important human and social activities. Sea transport and coordinating the roles of the other sectors such as preparing these sectors and making them more capable of benefiting and developing the societies so as to serve the national economy. To achieve the aims of this research and to provide the proper solution and to provide the proper solutions for the many problems of sea transport and ports in Iraq, the researcher divided the study into four chapters. Chapter one presents a historical review of Iraqi ports since the first civilizations in ancient Iraq. Its also mentions the struggle among the other ancient civilization to control Iraqi ports up to the modern time. The chapter two also draws a real picture of every Iraqi port today. Chapter two tackles the human and natural effects that limit the activity and the direction of the sea transport coming to the Iraqi ports. Chapter three studies the naval services in Iraqi ports by highlighting the activities and the capacities of production in the establishments like wharves, warehouses stores, cranes and other means of transport in these ports. Chapter four deals with the movement and the direction of sea transport. This includes preparing ships, cargo movement inside the ports in addition to shedding light on the roles of persons as means of transport. The chapter also analyzed the role of the Iraqi ports in Iraqi foreign trade. It also discusses the spatial relations among the Iraq ports concerning the direction of transport, the trade transaction on the wharves, predicting the future potentials of the amount transported and the geographical. Location selected for constructing new Iraqi ports. The most important conclusions of the study are : 1. The different human and natural factors affect the Iraqi ports either positively or negatively. 2. The geographical location of Iraq ports that can serve Iraqi foreign trade. 3. Iraqi ports offer good naval services. 4. Political and economic affect the activities in the country highly affect the activities in the Iraqi ports to the extent that they can completely stop them. 5. Sea transport is one of the main components of the infrastructure and it is a basic element of Iraqi national economy

مشروع نهر العز : دراسة في جغرافية الموارد المائية == Al : Ezz Project River : A Study In Geography Of Water Resources

Author name: حسن خليل حسن المحمود

Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

مركزية موقع البصرة وهامشيته في صيرورة التاريخ : دراسة في الجغرافية التاريخية == Centralitv Of Basrah Location And Its Maruinalitv In Historv Process A Study Of Historical Geography

Author name: عبد الرحمن علي عبد الرحمن الجادر

Supervisor name: ماهر يعقوب موسى

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

مدينة الفاو تطويرها الوظيفي وعلاقاتها الاقليمية == Fao City Its Functional Development A : Qd Regional Relatiollships

Author name: محمد عنون مويش عبد الله السوداني

Supervisor name: عبد الحسين جواد السريح

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

توجهات تركيا نحو اقطار الخليج العربي : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية

Author name: عبد الزهرة شلش زامل علوان العتابي

Supervisor name: نصيف جاسم المطلبي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تجارة العراق الخارجية غير النفطية للفترة 1975 - 1985 : دراسة في جغرافية التجارة

Author name: كاظم عبادي حمادي الجاسم

Supervisor name: سرى محمود المدرس

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تاثير التلوث الصناعي في التوزيع الجغرافي لامراض الحساسية والربو في محافظة البصرة

Author name: عبد الرحمن جري مردان الحويدر

Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

الخدمات التجارية في مدينة الحلة == The University Of Basrah College Of Arts Department Of Geography

Author name: فؤاد عبد الله محمد

Supervisor name: مضر خليل العمر

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Considerable interest was, and still is, given to the city by scholars of various sciences in general, and by geographers in particular, because of the great significance it has on people's life, evidenced in the functions and services it offers.In spite of the small space the commercial services occupy from the total area of the city, these services are deemed as one of the major pillars of the city. Also, the traditional function tbat is inherent in the primary evolution of large number of cities, besides seeking to meet the needs of people for commodities and services, particularly those used in final consumption, represents an important sophisticated aspect and economic support of the city. Being so, it would be natural for Hilla city to attract the attention of the scholars of geography due to its significance and particularity in this field that made it occupy and represent the centre of Middle Furat region.This Thesis is divided into Five Chapters : The first chapter discusses the historic background through three topics. The first topic deals with the location and its significance in giving the city special importance influencing its functional structure and thenature of the relations existing between it and the other places. The second issue tackles the historic evolution of the city in which light is shed on the historic stages through which the city of Hilla has passed and the tasks it fulfilled as a city of vital location. The third aspect looked into the historic development of the commercial function in the city across time stages and roles and discussed some factors that had a major contribution in the development of the commercial function. The second chapter dealt with the commercial services in the city, which formed an introduction to the subject of the thesis. In this chapter tradesmen were classified in the city, as well as classifying the wholesale trade to local and central categories. It also iscussed the fiscal services in the city and their influence on the maintenance of the commercial activity in particular, as well as studying the complementary services of commercial nature and their influence on maintaining the economic activity movement, in general, and the commercial activity, in particular.The third chapter dealt with tte usages of the C.B.D, in the city of Hilla through various topics. These topics included the definition of the central commercial area in accordance with known standards; the study of the commercial structure of the city; the emonstration of the hierarchical succession of marketing centres therein, whereafter the role and significance of each centre is illustrated in fulfilling the needs of the people; the of the city in which light is shed on the historic stages through which the city of Hilla has passed and the tasks it fulfilled as a city of vital location. The third aspect looked into the historic development of the commercial function in the city across time stages and roles and discussed some factors that had a major contribution in the development of the commercial function. The second chapter dealt with the commercial services in the city, which formed an introduction to the subject of the thesis. In this chapter tradesmen were classified in the city, as well as classifying the wholesale trade to local and central categories. It also discussed the fiscal services in the city and their influence on the maintenance of the commercial activity in particular, as well as studying the complementary services of commercial nature and their influence on maintaining the economic activity movement, in general, and the commercial activity, in particular. The third chapter dealt with tte usages of the C.B.D, in the city of Hilla through various topics. These topics included the definition of the central commercial area in accordance with known standards; the study of the commercial structure of the city; the demonstration of the hierarchical succession of marketing centres therein, whereafter the role and significance of each centre is illustrated in fulfilling the needs of the people; the study of the commercial usage in the basic designs of the city of Hilla and the comparison of such usage with the marketing facilities in a number of foreign (European) cities in order to realize the planning situation in Iraq and thereafter to bring about such facilities or marketing centres.Chapter four dealt with the geographical distribution patterns for four commercial categories. In this chapter grocery, ready made clothes, textiles and jewellery shops were chosen. By using quantitive techniques, distribution patterns for each category were arrived at, through which the significance of each category on the city life can be demonstrated and the places of their existence in accordance therewith. The chapter also compared a number of these categories with their counterparts in foreign cities, as well as intercomparing these categories with each other, so that the significance of individual category on the life of the city and people can be determined.The last chapter was dedioated to the method of shopping in the city. Quantitive techniques were used and the city was devided into statistical areas for the purpose of identifying the potentials of the shopping behaviour; to demonstrate the role and significance of each marketing centre in attracting people from the various parts of the city; to show the influence of a great number of variables and factors on the acquirement, by the city's dwellers, of a specific trend in shopping, whether from its main marketing centre or from its secondary marketing places. This work aims at reaching to a number of targets, These being : 1. To define the central commercial district of the city and the area of the commercial core therein in the light of a number of standards used in the urbanite studies such as the value of the land and the rates of rent.2. To reveal the state of things in the city, especially of its main commercial centre, and to follow up the movement of the commercial habilitation within the central commercial area and in the other sectors of the city.J. To dectate the shopping behaviour in the study area •

الصراع الصومالي الاثيوبي حول منطقة الاوجادين : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية

Author name: باسم نايف داود السعدي

Supervisor name: عبد الحميد عبد المجيد القيسي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

التغير المكاني للسكان في البحرين للفترة من 1971 - 1991 == The Spatial Change Of Population In Bahrain Betwee11 1971 - 1991

Author name: هدى داود نجم السعد

Supervisor name: مصطفى عبد الله محمد السويدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The importance of the population studies has become greater in geographical, soial and economic studies in very quickly time. Studying the geography and the cience of population has become one of the basic methods in geograpgy and socioloy sinces, it can solve the recent problems by realizing and analysing them aswell as inding the rriost suitable answers for them, which are presented by the results of the opulation studies and its possiblities of applications in developing, economic, social nd development plans in many states especially those which are under going a connuous and fast changes, just like Bahrain and the rest of the Gulf Oil states.Bahrain can be considered as an oil state which population are greatly controlled y the political, economic and social factors, since the discovery of oil has made radical change, It has transfered the economy of such state from a conventional one epending on agricultul - .e : , and fishing to amodren one depnding on oil incomes and vestments As aresult, aforign labour has brough u to manage the developing moveent as well as supporting the shortage in national labour and contributed grealtlydeveloping these states.The foreign labour has helped in achieving the developing plans, but, it has left s veral demographic, social, economic and political influences on the population of e region, and their growth, construction, distribution and their movement. By conSfdering what is said above, the aim of this research is studying the population in ahrain whether they are native or not and the role of the spatial and natural moveent of the people in showing the spatial changes in the compartive census periods 71, 1981 and 1991 then analysing and finding their causes and motives according the geography of population.This desertation consists of four chapters. The first one deals with the population ovements of the people and its effect inchanging the number of the population.oreover, this chapter is divided in to two sections, the first one deals with the patns and motives of the residential movement in atheoritical approach, while the s cond section concentrateji on the directions of the coming migration to Bahrain by studying its development and trends a~d - it~ pla~or.mqEr, - The second chapter discusses the populatipn growth ¥1d 1~ts effect on the change of the population bulk in Bahrain by studying the development of the populati6n 9~f!' : jt1~,jilld clearing the rule of the natural enlargment of every clase of the Bahrai - 7ty in the population growth of the state. 1~7.third chapter deals with the influence of the spatial change on the population 1dis - t~gutiqn in the ·state by studying the spatial change and population distribbution d~fi~rrding on the standareds of relative and density distribution and Knowing the rcoet : itre of population and density as well as the actual distribution of population. . Moreover, the fourth chapter, sums up the major factors affecting the distribu; tioni·~f population in Bahrain by discussing them into two groups in order to show tHt : nattiral and human factors in distribution, besides the problem of redistribution'of people - in the state and applying its effects. 'Finally; the researcher puts the conclusionss he has found throngh stuying this subject - the most outstanding one of them is that the coming migration plays a fundemental role in changing the population bulk and spatial diffrences through the diffrent census periods - at the encl of the desert ation.

التركيب الداخلي لمدينة سوق الشيوخ وعلاقتها الاقليمية : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

Author name: صلاح هاشم زغير الهاشم

Supervisor name: عبد الحسين جواد السريح

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

التباين المكاني للانتاج الزراعي في اقليم اعالي الفرات

Author name: كمال صالح كزكوز

Supervisor name: سالم سعدون المبادر

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The Second Chapter deals with the human factors related to workers, irrigation and the adopted means of it.The plants symbolized by big dams, drainage and the projects that deal with the agrarian refonns. It also deals with the ownership system and its affect on the agricultural product It has also some comments on the agricultural policy and the biological factors, transportation and marketing.As for the Third Chapter, which is regarded as the ma.in idea in this study, we see that it is specialized on studies of the agricultural product of the year 1988 to make it clear that the variance of places have something to do with the agricultural product, headed by classificqtion of the product and the scales adopted in some of the geographical studies.In this Chapter there are also studies on farming a and orchards as for their distribution on suberbs and the geographical factors behind that. At last this Chapter studies the agricultural changes between 1980 - 1988. This study aims to focus the place variance onagricultural production in Upper Euphrates region which consists the suberbs of Ramadi, Heat, Haditha, Aana and Al - Qaem.The region is situated in the western part of Iraq in Anbar Governarate which is about 29% of the survey of the whole Governarate. The survey of this region is regarded as 9.2% compared to the survey of Iraq.This region is suffering from a big problem which is the limited fertile land for agrivulture that does not exceed 1% from the whole survey of the land in the region.The study consists of.three Chapters. In the First Chapter, the researcher deals with the Natural factors affecting the variance of plance on agrilcultural products after flashing the light on studies concerning the place and the size of the region. The survey of the directorate and the important administrative development in the region In addition to the background on the surface, the climate, the soil and water resources that affect on the agricultural production.

اتجاهات وسرع الرياح السطحية في العراق == Directions And Velocity Of Surface Wind In Iraq

Author name: عزيز كوطي حسين الحسيناوي

Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Among many other climatic elements, wind is the one of the most important ones for its an active role in specifying the nature of climatic features ; which consequently made it essential to study directions and velocity of wind both for meteorologists and climatologists as they cause a lot of weather changes such as those occurring to temperature, humidity and others. They - wind - lead, for instance, to rise temperature if they come from warm sides and decrease it in case they come from cold ones.If they were humid, they would cause rainfall over areas beneath and they also, in case of being speedy, cause dust storms of both kinds : sand and earthen ones.Wind affects many economical activities. They affect on determining the sites of industrial establishments and where its waste dumps should be located; on city construction and agriculture productivity along with exploiting wind in various fields such as using it in generating energy.The purpose of this research is to study directions and velocity of surface wind in Iraq as far as its differences in time and place between the southern, northern and middle zones, and the one zone stations are concerned.A 30 years climatic cycle (1961 - 1990) was chosen to the amount of 12 stations distributed in the country as follows : - Zakho , Kurkuk, Suliamaniya, and Mosel stations for northern region - Khnakeen, Ana , Alrutba and Baghdad stations for middle region. - Al - Hai , Al - Diwaniya, Al - Nassiriya and Basra stations for southern region.The research included three chapters. The first one dealt with affecting controls on directions and velocity of surface wind in Iraq. These controls were divided into stable ones : (locations as for latitude, topographic relief and water flats) and dynamic : (air pressure, air masses, weather fronts and weather highs and lows). The second chapter treated of wind ,directions in Iraq as to its differences in time and place according to circled - directions sectors. It was also possible to study the weather condition of the change of prevailing directions for chosen stations in the country. As for the third chapter, it was devoted to study the velocity of surface wind in Iraq and show its differences in time and place. It also studied the standard velocity registered in station during different years as well as the daily course of the velocity of surface wind in the stations of the study during January and July.In final, the research contained conclusions being reached through studying the subject of this research.

سكان محافظة القادسية : دراسة في جغرافية السكان == Al - Qadisiya Governorate Population A Study In Population Geography

Author name: باسم عبد العزيز عمر العثمان

Supervisor name: عبد مخور نجم الريحاني

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

حوض وادي ورزان : دراسة في جغرفية الموارد المائية == Wadi W Arazan Basin A Study In The Geography Of Aquatic Resources

Author name: جلال عبده ابراهيم عثمان

Supervisor name: سعود عبد العزيز عبد المحسن الشعبان الفضلي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Natural Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This study is aimed to assist. The aquatic resources in Wadi Warazan Basin in the Republic of Yemen in order to estimate the water balance with regard to the natural resources and the way of usage in the different fields of activities.The importance of this study depends on the fact that wadi Warazan Basin which is (412)Km2 is one of the most fertile a agricultural areas, moreover area it is regarded to be a tourism area. The second thing is that the basin is more close to Taiz city which suffers at the present from water shortage.The final results of the study show that : 1 - The most rainy seasons are spring and summer especially, in some few days during the rain season. The most rainy month is August (14.8%) of the total rain while December is regarded to be the lesser rainy month (0.7%). The rainfall estimations during (44) years is about (346 - 875.8)mm. 2 - The annual aquatic in Wadi Warazan Basin ts about (241 349 600)m33 - The ground water runoff increases during autumn, because it occurs after the rain season, where there are many quantities of the ram underground. In contrast, other months of the year has less drainage.4 - The armual drainage which is (3492)m3 per hour varies in (193.6%) because of it's close relation with rainfall. 5 - The (165.59)mm out of the total annual rainfall is found to a wasted aquatic quantities as a result of evaporation.6 - The Absence of specific channels, which leads to increase the evaporation rate in the valley. In addition the pools which fonned at the sides of the valley represented a suitable environments for transfer various diseases such as Schistosomiasis (Belhars) and Malaria diseases. 7 - The deviation factor of Wadi Warazan shows the variation in the compactness of their rocks, so the evaporation rate of ground water runoff produced as a result of the expansion of the area exposed to the sun light.Moreover barriers and folts at the long side are an important factors for ground water recharge.8 - The present consumption of the ground water appears to be in the higher rocky aquatic layer and the volcanic aquatic rocky layer third layer (Tawila Sandstone) seems to be unconsumed because it's (600)m deep.9 - The ground water is affected by the increasing number of wells.10 - The aquatic basin net work appear to be having a high density of valleys number about (1.05)/Km2 which affects the surface flow that makes floods danger is probable.11 - It seems that the aquatic basin resources may become unable to met the increasing demand of the area and Taiz city as regarded to be an alternative to solve the city water supply problem. Moreover, the rising of the population in the basin.

جوانب من النظام الحضري في محافظة ذي قار

Author name: ماهر يعقوب موسى

Supervisor name: مضر خليل العمر

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تقييم دور نهر ام المعارك في تنمية الموارد المائية

Author name: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي

Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Water is considered as a strategic resource for economic development.Thus , Um Al - Maark possesses considerable development of water resources in the lower Euphrates basin. The river takes from the right bank of the Euphrates (10) kms downstream ofNasiriya with a total length of (108) kms. There are five canals branching from the right bank of the river each with a capacity of 25 cumers. The river controls 60 - 65 % (185) cumecs (5,82) bcm of the Euphrates discharge at Nasiriya ( 199) - 1998). Its water discharge is affected by seepage losses with (0.45 - 0.55 ) m3 I m1 I day and evaporation from the channel with (0.04) bcm, due to high average temperature (24.6) °C and very high soil permeability (15 - 43) m/d.Um Al - Maark plays a vital role in water resources conservation by controlling water distorted at the Marches and Arabian Gulf and directed to the western desert to irrigate (150000) ha. Furthermore, the river maintains the Euphrates and Shatt Al - Arab water quality by limiting the Marshes polluted wat : - r with an EC value (6) mmhos I cm which increased water 11 salinity of the river's at Qurna to ( 5.1) mmhos I cm during ( 1990 - 1992 ) COIDJ - 'dred to the previous salinity 0.96 ( 1967 - 1969). The water quality of the rivers has been decreased to (2.3) and (2.6) mmhos I cm ( 1995 - 2000) at Qurna and Maqil respectively, as a result of the implementation of Um Al - Maark, Saddam and Al - Ezz rivers.UM Al - Maark will be used as flood control system. It will be able to convert (508) cumecs from the flood water to the western desert as in 1988 and up to now to be used for irrigation and artificial groundwater recharge.These will maintain environment system. The ri·.'er promotes considerable economic and environmental developments forward by utilizing the desert virgin land with (150000) ha.The present irrigated land is (6250) ha, producing (3525) tons. This will L increase to (580800) tons/year with a net value of (77190) MIDS (38.6) M$Um Al - Maark is an important system for artificial groundwater rech?.rge in the Dibdibba area which has a rapid agriculture development affecting groundwater storage due to increasing demands and low natural recharge with (0.63) and (0.31) bcrn respectively. As a result the groundwater level decrease to (0.25) m I year and salinity increases to ( 0.28) mrnhos I cm I year. Therefore,Um Al - Maark is constructed to feed groundwater with (l.35) hem. This increases the groundwate r level and decreases salinity by (0.8) m/year and (0.4 )mrnhos /cm/ year respectively.Thus the river maintains water efficiency to cope with future development. Finally , to implement the river objectives the following measuresshould be considered : l. It is necessary to construct two regulators on Um Al - Maark and the Euphrates.2. An Authority should be established to be responsible for sand dunes control , lining canals,hydrological , geological , climate , soil and natural vegetation information.3. Effective irrigation methods should be applied. 4. High agriculture intensity should be used.5. Farm management practics regarding training , machinery , irriga.ion , ,drainage , fertilizer... etc should be enhanced.6. Water should be well distributed between the river canals and lining should be adopted7. Studies regarding water and land resources should be enlarged.8. Agricultural facilities such as roads , electricity , machinery , health centers and education should be considered.9. Vegetation cover should be improved.

تقويم مشاريع الخير الاروائية في محافظة البصرة == Evalution Of Al - Khair Irrigation Projects In Basroh Provi Nee

Author name: صلاح مهدي عريبي الزيادي

Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تحليل جغرافي للامكانات الزراعية في قضاء ابي الخصيب وافاقها المستقبلية == A Geographical Analysis To The Agrarian Possibilities In Abie Al - Khaseeb Town An Their Future Horizons

Author name: ابتسام كاطع خاجي اللامي

Supervisor name: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: 14.haseeb t plant greens since they herp in developing the farmer's ihcome.I The umber of palm4rees was (2911999) in 1978 but it beca1m - - - f 845000) 1995 because of the Iranian aggression. The agraian post /offices co perated with the farmers for the replantation to be (924327) palm.tree/ n 2000 which represents (31%) in comparison with 1979. Th study ex~~~ the farmers' io.t.erlgi(ng, in planting diffj~t th typaj oft ees which ~e a.bsent before the flood 1969 which causes~ of most fthem,' the fanners neglect such type~ because they j~ided oth~r economi fields like petrol - industry and general services because of thetJt! hi h ffrcomefi; fr; - .>T e study expressed several problems which ~t the agrariam produc on and the agrarian developmen)e~pecially in Al - Seebah,lhese prob le 0 1. The salty soil and the neglected '&ard - er~ which ha~o systematic# irri ation and drainage cbnals and they contain thick needs and other pla ts which became the main reason to~ the negative influences up n the exploited gardens. 2. Th reduction of Shatt - Al - Arab water helps the salty water of Arab G If to l progress to reach at this area and influences the lands n gativelly. 3. T ere are se".ei;al - types of the biological factors /affect the garden c ops like the l : iushes and the other diseases.4. The expensive workmen in the field of agriculture.The study shows that there are various possibilites that have not f \'.. Y;q,, exploited yet to develop the agricultural production. There is Oi possibility to the h<;>~~ontal exp.Qnsion (84o/o) from the lands that can J;>e exploited amfthe exploitation of the salty soils in AJSeebah and v.,~,,l. lages lik~ Al - Fyadh, Al - baljania, Kut Al - Zain, AI - Mutua' and others1Moreover4 tlte production ability of the really ,e~polited areas can be lifted up through the use of scientific devices and the logical exploitation of water. Al - Seebah also should be developed and the population should be encouraged to return back : ' uv - - · 'L ~.. r)c'1\N\<v\f rfK 1After : ~ le~vi~gl ~( : : - a~e Iranian agrrission 1980J Jhe • government adopted a pseful agrarian policy included several strattgies like the director granting which aims at providing the healty house, to the farmers and the achievements of croping, purification of iITigation and the compensaition of the dead palmtrees and the development of the animals wealth.

تحليل العلاقات المكانية لخصائص السكان في محافظة ذي قار

Author name: صادق جعفر ابراهيم

Supervisor name: علي حسن الخفاف

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Literature - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This study represents the first attempt for studying the population of Dhi Qar governorate. The study faced a nuznber of obstacles first of which was the administrative chaEges which this governorate has been witnessing.The following are the most important results we have arrived at in the study.1. Dhi Qar is one of the Iraqi governorates which has been characterised by population density during the period 1947 - 1977 where it has held either the fourth or sixth positive among Iraqi governorates.2. The poulation density of this governorate 1977 which was 45. 12.Pe ts on per kilometer was not distributed regularly to various parts of this place. This is due to the differences among the factors which affect the population distribution,whether they were natural or human factors •3. The dry climate in this governorate made the population depend in a limited manner on surface water and underground water. This distribution of the population was thus concentrated around the Euphrates and Al - Garaph rivers and also around the streams in addition to the dry edges of the marshes. 4. The rate of the population change in - this governorate was generally very limited throughout the years covered by the study. The highest rate which was 2.9%, occurred during the years 1947 - 1957. During 1965 - 1977 it decreased to become 1.9%.5. The results of this study indicated that the period 1978 - 1983 has shown a noticeable rise in the rate of natural increase. This goes in line with development of the medical or municipal services which have contributed a great deal in reducing the death rates.6. As for the structure of the popUlation, it is noticed that the geographical situation of this governorate in the sou thren part. of Iraq, away from the frontiers, has made all its population from the Arabs;only a limited number of other minorities is noticed here.7. The six rate in the governorate has increased for the behalf of the females. The number of in : nnigrants to the governorate during 1947 - 1977 should have been mainly from males who were after better chances for jobs.s. The community is Dhi Qar reflects the characteristics of youth. This would naturally affect any future positive changes such a phenomenon has been reflected in the population py : ramid where children and youth constituted 51,36% in 1977 and the rate of the disabled v1as 7 ,65% • 9. As for the distribution of the popUlation in the cities and the countryside the results of the four censuses done already showed a decrease in the number of people living in the cities during 1947 - 1977 although it has shown a noticeable rise during this period ra.Dging as follows : 15,65%, 18,65%, 27,62%, 39,71% respectively.10. The rural n<ture in this governorate has led to increase the rate of illiteracy which was 66,24% while it comes down to 53% in the other parts of the country.11. All the population of this governorate are Moslems.Since Islam encourages people to get married and bring children, the increasing number of people is expected. 12~ The results of the four censuses have shown that the circumstances of this governora.te make people leave for other parts of the country.13~ The countryside areas suffer from migration. The number of people registered in the four census shows no change or increase'.' 14. To take up its people in the future, this governora te should continue in growing its potentialities by reclaiming more lands, supporting agriculture developing new irrigation networks, and caring much for the animal resources. Winter tourism need to be backed up also.

المنطقة التجارية المركزية لمدينة الصدر : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

Author name: اسامة حميد مجيد هاشم السلطان

Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم الهاشم

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

صناعة تنقية وتحلية المياه في محافظة البصرة وافاقها المستقبلية == Indastry Of Purification And Desalination Of Water In Province Of Basrah And It'S Future Prospects

Author name: رند عدنان ديوان السعيدان

Supervisor name: فارس مهدي محمد

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: تبين من خلال الدراسة ان صناعة مياه الشرب احد اهم الصناعات التحويلية وذلك لكونها تخضع لكل متطلبات الصناعة التحويلية حيث تبرز فيها كافة مقومات الانتاج الصناعي من اختيار الموقع الى احتساب الكلفة وتوافر المواد الاولية والايدي العاملة والعمليات الصناعية في مصا | The study shows that water drink production is one of the most important transformational industries since it yields all the requirements of the transformational industry that all constituents of the industrial production emerge beginning from the choosing of the site , the calculation of the cost , the availability of the raw material and workmen and industrial process that take place in the independent factories up to the emergence of the extrinsic or incidental productions and so on. Therefore this study which consiss of five chapters concerns this kind of industry. Chapter One tackles the following : on the introduction to the definition of water and water cycle in nature , the sources of water and water drink qualities and characteristics , the importance of water for humans , the pollution of water drink , and the seasonal and locational discrepancy of the pollution on water drink in the Governorat of Basrah and the impact of this pollution of the public health. Chapter Two is divided into two sections : section one deas with the historical development of the technicality water drink in the Governorat of Basrah while section two deals with the historical development of water drink desalination in the Governorat Chapter Three : Discusses that factors that establish the water drink industry in the Governorat and the imporatance of each factor and its impact. Chapter Four : Demonstrates the geographical distribution of the water drink industry in the Governorat of Basrah. It includes two sections , the first one deals with the geographical distribution of water drink in a province while the second section tackles the geographical distribution of water drink in asector. Chapter Five consist of two sections : The first one surveys the problems concerning the water drink industry in the Governorat while the secand tackles the future prospective of the water drink industry in the Governorat of Basrah. The study has arrived at the following results. The production of water in the Governorat of Basrah in simple traditional ways or methods are the accumulation and precipitation , filteration , sterilization by liquid and powder and chlorine while the desalination stations produce water through reverse ozoination. Water is being refined by ozonization and ultraviolet rays. The natural colonization factors especially that of weather , earth and geological structure , the increase and economic factors especially labourers , raw material , marketing , transportation , government policy and personal or individual desire have affected on limiting , the industrial site. Thus , there is a discrepancy between the geographical distribution of water refinery projects and desalination stations in the Governorat of Basrah. So , there are (132 ) projects for refinement , (12 ) of them are in Basrah district , i.e ; (9.09 % ) , (11) projects are in Abu - Al - Khaseeb district , i.e ; (8.33 % ) , (3) projects in Al - Fao district , i.e ; (2.27 % ) , (4 ) projects are in Al - Zubair district , i.e ; (3.03 %) , (39 ) projects are in Shatt - Al - Arab , i.e ; (12.12 %) projects some of them are in Al - Medyna district , i.e ; (29.54 %) , and ( 47 ) projects are in Al - Qurna district I.e ; (35.62 % ). As regards the private ( domestic ) desalination station their their number in the Governorat is (88) some of them are in Al - Basrah district , i.e ; about (20.45 %) , (8) are in Abi - Al - Khaseeb district , i.e ; about (9.09%) , (1) station is in Al - Fao district , i.e ; about (1.15 %) , (41) stations are in Al - Zubair district , I.e ; (46.59 %) , (2) statios are in Shatt - Al - Arab , i.e; about (2.27%) , (8) stations , same of them are in Al - Mudianya district , about (9.09%) , and (10) stations are in Al - Qurna district , i.e ; about (11.30). Regarding those of the government , their number in the government is (50) desalination stations , (7) of them are in Al - Basrah district , i.e ; about (14%) (2) stations are in Abi - Al - Khaseeb district i.e; about (4%) , (9) stations are in Al - Fao district , i.e ; about (18%) , (6) stations in Al - Zubair district i.e; about (12%) , (8) stations are in Shatt Al - Arab district , i.e; about (16%) , (11) stations are in Al - Mudianyia district , i.e ; about (22%) , and (7) stations are in Al - Qurna district , i.e; about (14%). The number of employees in the refinement projects is ( 1263 ) and the number of those in the desalination stations is ( 406 ). The area of the projects of the water drink refinement is ( 242466) millions square meter in the Governorat of Basrah while the area of desalination stations in the Governorat is (65353) thousands square meters. The production of water refinement projects is ( 735619.625 ) cubic meter /hour. The Basrah district takes over the first rank for the production whil is ( 313433.75 ) cubic meter/ hour ,i.e; (42.65%) of the sum total production in the Governorat of Basrah. Al - Qurna district takes over the second rank for the production whial is (118780.25 ) cubic meter/hour , i.e ; about (16.14%) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat while Al - Mudianya district takes over the third rank for the production whial is (96674.375 ) cubic meter , i.e ; (13.14 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Abu - Al - Khaseeb district takes over the fourth rank for the production whial is ( 64875) cube meter/hour , i.e ; ( 8.83%) of the sum total of the production in the Governorat of Basrah while Al - Zubair district takes over the fifth rank for the production whial is (61437.5 ) cube meter / hour , i.e ; (8.35 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Shatt Al - Arab district takes over the sixth rank for the production whial is ( 54768.75 ) cube meter / hour. i.e; ( 7.44%) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. While Al - Fao district takes over the seventh rank for the production whial is (25650) cube meter , i.e; ( 3.49 %) of the sum total The production of the desalination stations is ( 27585) tons/day. Al - Mudianya district takes over the first rank for the production is (8900) tons / day , i.e ; ( 32.25 %) of the sum total production of the Basrah Governorat. Al - Zubair district takes over the second rank for the production whial is (7349) tons / day , i.e ;(26.64 %) of the sum total of the production while Al - Basrah district takes over the third rank for the production whial is ( 4492 ) tons / day , i.e ; ( 16.28 %)of the sum total of the production. Al - Qurna district takes over the fourth rank for the production (4440 ) tons / day , i.e ; (16.09 %) of the sum total of the production while Abi - Al - Khaseeb district takes over the fifth rank for the production whial is ( 1684) tons / day , i.e ; (6.14 %) of the sum total of the production. Al - Fao district takes over the sixth rank for the production whial is (420 ) tons / day , i.e ; ( 1.52 %) of the sum total of the production while Al - Fao district takes over the seventh rank for the production whial is (300) tons/day , i.e ; ( 1.08 %) of the sum total of the production in the Governorat of Basrah. It appears that there have been a number of problems some of which concern the transportation degree (network ) and others concern the quality of water , the invested money , and the employees ( labourers ) , and some others concern the nature of production , the decrease of water levels , the increase of salt.The most important of these problems is the increase of salts for in (2012 ) it reaches the highest in Tigris , i.e ; (1239) milimose /cm on August. And it reaches in the Euphrates (2426 ) milimose / cm during March while salt reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( the center ) to ( 3561 ) Milimose / cm on October ; it reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( sehaan ) to (7246 ) milisome / cm during August while it reaches in Shatt Al - Arab ( Al - Lebani ) to ( 4253 ) mi;isome / cm during August. The problem of the decrease of the water level is an effective factor on the process of water drink production that the river water decrease inside the Governorat due to multiplicity of banks and tanks established by the neighbouring countries. This leads to the decrease of water in the Iraqi rivers in a general and in the Governorat in particular. This causes the water to be salty and impure. This decrease also affects on the level of plunger or diver for many water pulling pipes of many refinement projects and consequently the refinement and pumping processes stop at these projects. Moreover , it appears that the problems of networks are considered as a main problem in the pollution of water drink in the Governorat of Basrah being old in age and undergoes constant breakdowns whial lead water greatly to be impure and polluted. Due to these results the individuals share of water in the Governorat of Basrah reaches (275 ) litre / day. These differed among districts that in Basrah district it reaches (239) litre / day , in Abi - Al - Khaseeb it reaches (317 ) litre/ day , in Al - Fao district it reaches (662) litre / day in Al - Zubair district it reaches (130 ) litre / day , in Shatt Al - Arab reaches (341) litre / day , in Al - Qurna district it reaches ( 445 ) litre / day , and in Al - Mudianya district it reaches ( 438 ) litre / day of the collected produced water in the Governorat

اثر الموارد المائية في انتاجية بعض الاراضي الزراعية في قضاء السلمان (محافظة المثنى - العراق) == The Effect Of Water Resources On Productivity Of Some Agricultural Lands In The District Of Al - Salman, Al - Muthanna Province ـــ Iraq

Author name: محـمد فلـيح عـواد الجنابي

Supervisor name: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - College Of Education For Human Sciences - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The present study aim to explain the role of water resources on the production of agricultural soils. This was done through examining the effect of groundwater on the chemiccal properties of agricultural the soils and the role of rainfall the chemeical properties of soils in the center of Salman district, during the period of year 2013 to 2014.. Salman district is loacated in Muthanna province, west of Iraq. It forms about 43.2% of the total area of the province. The geological formations in the study area are different from the third and fourth gelogical ages, with a dmoninating rocks of dolomite, lime, marl and sand rocks. There are many differences in the surface of the study area, where the topographic elevation ranges between 400 m above sea level in the south to 50 m in the north and east north. There are four soil groups recognized in the study area : desert soil, lime rocks, dune and Alluvial soils.These soils are very poor from organic materials and new formed.. The groundwater of the study area is contained from several aquifers especially Dammam and Um - Radhuma formations. Its storage is about 5.341 - 23.918 billion m3, and depended on the infiltration from rainfall on the area and its sourounding lands. The quality of groundwater included testing parameters of total dissolved solid (TDS), electric conductivity (EC) and major dominates the cations and Sulphat (SO4 - ) domnates the anions. The cultivated area of the Salman district about 21103 heactares during the years 2013 to 2014, with domining cereal crops, of 91.92% from the total cultivated area. The groundwater is the main source of irregation, and the amount of water demand for the total area is about 247.093 billion m3 per year. The groundwater contribute for increasing the (TDS) in the soils from 1140 mg/l in the plants soil, while the surface water of rainfall reduces the (TDS) in the soils to 1658 mg/l.