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التباين المكاني للمرائب الرئيسية في محافظة ميسان == Diffrential Location Of The Main Garages In The Missan Governorate

Author name: ضحى لعيبي كاظم السدخان

Supervisor name: سعدي علي غالب

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: This study deals with the main garages in the Governorate ofMissan that ( represent the terminal of the movement of external, internal, and international means of transport. In the Governorate, this has made the private transport service adopt procedures about organization and submitting the services of transport in arranged. The means transport, operating at the garages, stand for a fundamental language for getting to and interconnecting with the city and it is outskirts in addition to the Govern orate and neighboring provinces. Also after the development and improvement of transport network;expansion of roads and interconnecting of chief garages are regarded a foundation of basic requirement for economic and social grpwth that will lead to the reduction of cost of transport. Later the reduction of cost commodities with link - up of entities of production with entities of consumption, taking the outlying regions out of isolation, ·facilitates the spread of cultural and sanitary services. It is not strange for center ·• of cities to be crowded and suffering from the traffic - game on account of the unexpected increase in the vehicles.The Governorate provided a large number of vehicles exceeding, it isl capacity and potential of regulation of streets and the area of the main garages! that cannot accommodate up to that increase in the number of vehicles operating!. the garages, this has results in difficulties and appearance of a lot of irregular situation witch have influenced the time - table of traffic in the main garageSJ owing to increase of demand of transport drivers.As a result of variety of location of the chief garages in the Govemorate, : the study only concerns the movement of transport of passengers and suffering of some garages from failure of planning in choosing this sites, so the stud)t relies on references and sources of a library in addition to the field study that ha$ contained some part of the subject in detail because of the carcity of source$ i concerning the topic of transport in Maisan.The research is composed of five chapters. The first one is about thit understanding of public transport; the second one focuses the natural principle$ and human factors affecting the motion of transport in the garages. The third one deal with the location of area, number of Jines, kinds of motion of transport anlll date of construction of garages, the fourth one studies the queuing theory. The fifth one is about public and private problems and problems of driver's vehicle taking conclusions and suggestions for solving such problems into consideration at the terminals (garages).

تحليل بيئي للعوامل المؤثرة في نوعية الملوثات الجوية لمحافظة البصرة == Environmental Analysis Of Factors Influences The Quality Of Air Pollutants In Basrah Governorate

Author name: ايمان كريم عباس المياحي

Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: influence and determine the quality of air pollutants in Al - Basrah governorate. It deals in details with the most crucial human an natural pollutants air factors such as rain falling , dust , lead in domestic dust , the acid rain degree , the concentrations of some gases (Oxide and amoniaoxide Carbon, amoni - oxide Sulfuric , Hydrocarbons , Chlorine , di hydrogine sulfur and Amonia ) throughout the area using (Aspirating Pump OS 50) and some bottles fir measuring atmosphere gases in part per million (ppm).The study falls into four chapters. Chapter one deals with the ·theoretical and systematic of the thesis , chapter.utwo tackles the natural factors that influence , positively or negatively the problem of the study , Chapter three discusses the human factors that help in causing the problem And chapter four includes a locational analysis of the most important air pollutants throughout collecting and measuring them and reaching at their concentrations.The study arrives at the following conclusions : 1. The astronomic position determines the climatic characteristics of the study area for it falls in the dry region which is reflected on the other natural factors and their effects on the distributions and concentrations of these pollutants.The geographical position of the study area , which is adjacent to Thi - Qar governorate which has the highest repetition of dusty and sandy storms in Summar , has a negative effect in increasing these pollutants in this area. In addition , there are some oilycountries adjacent to the study area that have an important role in casting much of these pollutants.The flat surface helps in activating the role of the wind in spreading the air pollutants and never be concentrated in certain places. This decreased the problem of air pollution.The climate causes the aridity of the soil , and fewness of the natural that supports the raising of the striping operation and the oxidation of the elements and gases that cause air pollution.The sandy dry soil has a negative role because of the easiness of its denudation by the wind which causes air pollution in the western part.Even water helps in absorbing some of the air pollutants and finding agricultural distances and natural plants. However , this factor looses much of its vital role because of the human interference in its pollution by drying out most of the marshes.The scarcity of natural plants has a negative role in protecting the air from pollution. The population which is (2100326 person) fling rubbish to the environment without any remedy. This increases the problem of the study.9. The fewness of the agricultural areas influences in increasing the problem of the study , in addition to the use of the chemical and organic fertilizers , insecticide and others.10. The increasing number of vehicles from (51383) at 2003 to (104012) at the end of 2004 increas air pollution. 11. Most of the environmental pollutants was resulted from some essential industries.12. The wars plays a great and danger role in destructing the environment.13. The highest average of the falling dust in the western side in Qhur Al - Zubair was (71.9) g/m2 , and the lowest average in the eastern ,., ~ side in Abu Al - Khaseeb was (38.6) g/m2 14. The amount of (Co2) exceeded its natural concentration (0.03) ppm. The highest concentration was (0.08 - 0.3) ppm and the lowest was (O.Ol)ppm.15. The oxide Carbon (Co) exceeded its natural and permitted concentration. The highest polluted concentration of the gas was (80 - 100) ppm, and the lowest was (5) ppm.16. The concentration of the polluted sulfur Dioxide (So2) exceeded its natural and permitted concentration the highest polluted concentration was (20 - 30) ppm, and the lowest was (10) ppm.17. The hydrocarbons had polluted concentrations exceeded permitted ones , as the highest polluted concentration was (10 - 20) ppm, and the lowest was (5 - lO)ppm.18. The chlorine gas has polluted concentrations exceeded the permitted ones, as the highest concentration was (1.0 - 2.0)ppm , and lowest was (5.0 - 1.0)ppm.19. The Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) has polluted concentrations the highest was (3 - 5) ppm and the lowest was (2) ppm. 20. The Amonia (NH3) gas has polluted concentration , the highest was (10 - 15) ppm, and the lowest polluted ones was (5) ppm.21. The highest average of the obstacles concentrations that contain lead (pb) was (2112.84) mlg/m3 , in which the percentage of the lead was (0.515)ppm in the southern sandy side , and the lowest concentrations of these obstacles that had lead of about (1623.28)mlg/m3 and (0.258)ppm was in Sa'ad Sequare.22. The concentration of the lead in the demostic dust is (0.033) ppm in Al - Basrah and (0.030) ppm in Al - Hartha.23. The (PH) of the falling rain varied between (6.9 - 8.4) , the highest one was (8 - 4) in Al - Basrah , and the lowest was (6.9) in Al - Qurna.

تحليل جغرافي لظاهرة التصحر في محافظة بابل == A Geographical Analvsis Ot The Deserification Phenomenon In Babel Province

Author name: عمار عبد الرحيم حسين المندلاوي

Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية == United Arab Emirates Study At The Political Geography

Author name: عبد العالي حبيب حسين

Supervisor name: سعود عبد العزيز عبد المحسن الشعبان الفضلي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

خصائص مناخ اليمن السياحي == Characteristics Of Yemen Tourist Cllmale

Author name: عبد الله حير سالم علي

Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: selecting the relevant extent of climate to the tourist movement of attractio in terms of time and place, and the extent of tourist movement correlation wi the climate in Yemen.The study consist of five chapter. Chapter one deals with the concttpt f tourist climate and the most important elements of it. It also deals with the e impotence of climate in Yemen , including sun radiation , temperature , humidity , and wind.Chapter two deals with the contexts of tourist climate. Compou d contexts have been discussed , including Effective Temperature context ( ET , wind cooling context ( KO ) , Humidity - Temperature context ( TH]), S context and Singer diagram. Also discussed in this ChapttJr e comprehensive vital climate classifications , including ( O!egiay classifiK;af n and Terging classification ).Chapter three deals with evaluating the tourist climate in Yemen , ( during night , during day time , and during leizure ) compound context (ET, THI, Singer, diagram). Chapter four deals with assessing the tourist climate in Yemen ( du night , during day time , and during leizure ) through applying the omprehensive vital climate classification , including ( Olegiay clasification Terging clasification ).Chapter five discusses the onalysis of climate effect on thel to rist IlllOVement in Yemen. It included the ingredients of tourist arena the develoment of tourist movement , and the climate effect on tourist movenne t in Yemen.Following are the most important results of the study : i l. Due to the astronomical location of Yemen , She enjoys large sun radiation ranging between 400 - 656 K I K I Cm2 I hr. Height factor influnces largely the monthly and yearly distribution of temperature averages.. Temperature conditions are alike m terms of height between the coastal 1 stations and eastern land. . Relative humidity rates are high in coastal stations , and relatively low at the1 mountainous area at the eastern land.1 - Annual rate of wind speed ranges between 1 - 3 m I sec. at the I mountainous area and eastern land , and between 3 - 5 m I sec. at the I coastal stations.5 Climate of Yemen is consistent with the astablishment of tourism ( tourist \ industry ) accordin to world scale.6 Yemen has various humand and natural tourist attractive ingredients.7 The size of tourist movemant in Yemen is not consistent with her verious ingrsdients of tourist attraction.8. he voume of intemation tourist flow of comers to Yemen according to '!months and regions is relatsd to climate. So , the months in which the number of tourists are high are the moderate and confortable months , while e months in which the number of tourists are low the one having narrower d less moderate scope at the station of the study.

تلوث مياه نهر الفرات في محافظة ذي قار : دراسة جغرافية بيئية

Author name: احمد ميس سدخان

Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: SM;thesis titled (Water Pollution in Euphrates, Thi Qar Go~morate Environmental Geography Study) includes an experiment to Euphrates water in Thi Qar Govemorate of pollution after making a n•riofchemical and physical tests, water was tested for the period from 2006 - 2007 throughout relating the polluted concentrations for the river with rates of water discharge which differ according to the diff~nt of seasons. "five sites were specified within the study area are different. spatiaJ,ly, and picking up samples during the four seasons which include the water of Euphrates and others of its bottom sediments. Then the results wer~ shown and evaluating the river's water regarding these results throughout using the water for different human purposes include drinkingp~ti*elS·,1'.ndustrial and agricultural usages (Irrigation). !he content of the study has four chapters and introduction. First , chapter discusses hydrological study for Euphrates water from its high sources in Turkey passing in Syria and Iraq till the area of the study expJaining the main problems leads to change quantity features and quality of its water. Second chapter deals with the natural factors in area of the stuqy, which has an effect on changing characteristics of river's water.. Thitd c~pter discusses the human factors which lead to pollution of Euphrates' water within Thi Qar Govemorate represented by dirt of civil sewage, industrial, drainage water and fertilize' rs used in agricultural field.Fourth chapter has a number of chemical and physical characteristics for water and sediment of Euphrates that that results shows an increase in co¢entration proportion for each of (Tran, Si02, Mg, P04, CL, Tur, TH, Ee), which exceed environmental limits for their concentration accol.'ding to Iraq Standard of Water Environment. The concentration proportion of (N03, Do, TDs, HC03, Ca, S04, PH) are within the environmental limits for their concentration.The results of bottom sediments of Euphrates for (TOC, EC) exceed environmental limits for their concentration, but the value of PH is within these limits but. it is distinguished of alkalinity. So, Euphrates water was polluted and it is not good for human usages (drinking), as well as it is not suitable as water used for industrialization, except cooling purposes, also is not proper to use this water in irrigation because it is classified within C3 Type of irrigation water types in the American Laboratory and it is of highsalinity and it doesn't use in the case of existing active drainage networks, high penetration soils and agricultural crops have the ability to resist the salinity.

هيدرولوجية شط الغراف واستثماراته

Author name: حسن سوادي نجيبان الغزي

Supervisor name: ماجد السيد ولي محمد العلي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Natural Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

نمـط التـوزيع المكانـي للقـرى وخدماتـها في قضاء الشـطرة == The Pattern Of Spatial Distribution Of Villages And Their Services At Shattra District

Author name: قاسم مطر عبد الخالدي

Supervisor name: عباس عبد الحسن كاظم العيداني

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Despite that the villages is older and more ancient in civilization and bigger in population and in construction beside they are larger in geographical distribution of the cities, but the geographers' interesting with villages came late as far as time is concerned and weak as far as science is concerned as compare with the study of the cities. Thus, it is very needful for the Iraqi villages in general and Shattra in particular at Thee Qar province with the scientific, academic, and governmental development to day from any time ago, specially with the crumble down of its economical status and increasing its social status. This was the starting point for that academic research that takes the villages of Shattra as sample of the rural traditional villages for the geographical study. The research depends basically on the field study further more the researcher lived himself there through his periodically visits there and had been acquainted with the people's suffering because of the leak of social services and the infrastructure. The revealing of special distribution module for the rural population centers and analyzing the natural and human elements that are related with the distribution module form significant study in human geography. The aim of modeling is to reach limited number of modules that the researcher had studied. This was specially after developing of the modern statistics methods that were followed by other sciences in studying the modules of the special gathering modules and the methods of their distribution in earth. Thus, the study came to be anticipation in that way for revealing the modules of the riral population modules and the researcher's interesting in study that expresses the affirmation of that syllabus and believing of the vivid and regional importance for it includes the agricultural lands with fertilized soils beside surface irrigation systems that are represented by the Gharaff stream and its branches. To achieve the goal of this study, it is necessary to divide the study into five chapters in addition to the results. The first chapter dealt with the historical development of the rural population and the historical rise of Shattra district and the satges of its establishment, and the demographical development for the people of its rural villages since the second population statistic process in Iraq till 2006. The second chapter dealt with the geographical rural distribution for the rural centers and the numeric distribution for the rural population centers, also the density of rural population and the modules of spatial distribution for the rural centers at the area. In addition to the quantum distribution of the rural centers and the civilized rural parts. The third chapter dealt with the effective elements in rural centers at the district, that divided into natural and human elements and decided diagramming that draw the picture of rural population. The fourth chapter put to study just the morphology of traditional villages because of of the unavailability of planning villages also it came across the methodology of morphology of rural housing and the modules of their distribution and the population status and its efficiency.The fifth chapter included showing the social educational, health , entertainment , and infrastructural services such as electricity and drinking water and the transportation and evaluating the efficiency of that services then looking for their environmental harmony with the regional relationships of the area of the study

تاثير العوامل الجغرافية في انتشار مرضي حساسية الجهاز التنفسي والربو في محافظة ذي قار == The Effect Of The Geographicl Factors In Spreading The Allergy Of The Respiratory System And Asthma In Thiqar Governorate

Author name: عباس زغير محيسن المرياني

Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The relationship between human and his environment in general and his health in special way, not generated during just past centuries, but it had its roots when the God created human on the earth. He is struggling to be adapted for his safety in the time that the environment is simple and uncomplicated either at the present time and under the industrial progress and environmental pollution situations, the human environment became complicated and health problems increased to be the main concerns of the complexity of the impact of seminars and scientific conferences. Perhaps say Legacy (Health is a crown on the heads of healthy people, just feeling by the patient) referring to particular importance of health. Respiratory disease considered as an environmental diseases that afflict a large portion of human society at different age groups, and quality. Wherever conditions were favorable for the human injury, he falls as prey on the impact of the disease. Respiratory disease, respiratory allergies and asthma has multiple causes, compatible with and due to the multiplicity of tissues and organs that being infections involved firstly, and for multiplicity of environmental factors that cause disease secondly. Human self - predisposing of allergies and asthma led to the respiratory infections irrelevant to the different environmental factors leading to the injury. Natural factors such as climate and its components have a direct or indirect effect. However, some human activity may result environmental changes such as air pollution that caused by gases and smoke particles that induce a negative impact on the respiratory system. These factors may initiate together interfering impact, creating a harmful atmosphere to human population in the absence of concern for the environment. Finally may reflected negatively on the health and human lifestyle and thus get many diseases, including allergy and asthma.The study is subjected to reveal the most prominent environmental factors (natural and human - making) that lead to the spread of respiratory illness (respiratory allergies and asthma) in the province of Thi Qar, and then find a correlation between them to show the temporal and spatial contrast as well as the identifying the demographic characteristics of infected people in correlation with by age and quality groups. The study is based on descriptive and statistical analytic approaches, which converts digital data into information for the purpose of the comparison and stand on the most important reasons that explain the change phenomenon in the time and place designated to serve the scientific research as well as that used observations and interviews for the purpose of collecting data and verifying their accuracy, especially for human side.This thesis considered as the first study interesting with geographical respiratory disease respiratory allergies and asthma distribution in Thi Qar province. It has been used a statistical ways and means to address the data to serve the research topic and on the basis that attended chapters as follows : The first chapter discussed the theoretical and organizational framework that included a range of environmental terminology and types of diseases and respiratory diseases, allergies and asthma.Chapter two contributes in the study of the environmental factors for the emergence of diseases, allergies and respiratory in ThiQar.Chapter three specializes in the study of temporal variation of the allergy of respiratory diseases during the period of 2004 - 2009 according to the following characteristics : - Annual changes to the allergies of respiratory diseases, asthma and its relationship to variable environmental factors. - Relationship of climate characteristics with seasonal variables for under study diseases.Chapter four interested in the following items : - Detection of spatial variation of infected people in related to diseases under study and the roles of environmental factors to show that variance. - The study of demographic characteristics (age and gender composition) of people with disease under study.

شط العرب : الخصائص الهيدرولوجية والاستثمارات المائية == Shatt - Al - Arab Hydro Logical Features And Water Exploitations

Author name: صفية شاكر معتوق المطوري

Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس | منعم مجيد حمد الحمادة

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Shatt Al - Arab forms from the confluence of : rs main tributries the Tigris and Euphrates at Qurna. It occupies the lower part of the basin. It runs south - eastward to flow into the /\rab Gulf with 196 Km length and an average width of 500 m. The river depthvaries from 7 m at Fao to J 5 m in Basrah. Its total basin area is 909200 Krn2.The physical and human factors have agreate in flunce upon the geneual properties of water in the area. The geological struction itself has an influnce upon the river discharge throughout the seepage loses which take part in increasing the salt groundwater( approximately ( 8 - 64 ) m mhos I cm ) , in addition , the gentle slopes of the ground with an average of 0. 02 m I km decreased the river flow to ( approximately 0.55 m Is ).The dry climate with high temperatures approximately 24 , 8° C, low rainfall with an average annual of 142 mm and the interse evaporation 3090.51 mm , have their role in increasing the water losses from the river to 0.21 ~ill ion cubic meter ( bcm ).Furthermore , the human conditions inside and outside the country have their influnce upon the quantity and quality of water especially the upstream riparian basin states which take large scale development particularly in storage and irrigation. Also , the. traditional irrigation methods play a negative role in wasting and polluting water. Further , the increase in demanding wate1· for the different use aspects of improvements. The study of the hydrological properties indicate that the average water discharge reaches to 646 cumecs ( m3 I s ) ( 20.3 bcm ) for the period ( 1986 - 1998 ). Its water , discharge depends on its main tributaries : Tigris , Euphrates , Al - Sewib and Al - Eiz with an arerge annual of 168 , 151 , 105 , 222 cumecs Successively. It also depends on Al - Karon discharge with an average annual of 63 cumecs at present. The river discharge various yearly , seasonally and monthly depending on the water year properties , i.e. weather in is wet , neutral , or dry. Water levels vary also yearly ,seasonally and monthly depending on discharge and the influence of ebb and tide.The present study shows that Shatt - Al - Arab faces many problems such as the influence of storage projects and the exploitations of the upstream riparian states on water quantity and quality , the effect of different sorts of pollution. The area also suffers from lack of management staff in their duties and the absence of observation and association of the concerned authorities.Exploitation from all its sides proved that the present requirements controle 34.5 % of the available water. It was also revelied that the water budget in higher than the available water with an average surplus of 13.22 hem meanwhile , the area confronts future waher deficit as a result of the development in accomplishing irrigation and storage projects of the upstream basin states and Iraq which will reach to 82 bcm.

مشروع نهر العز : دراسة في جغرافية الموارد المائية == Al : Ezz Project River : A Study In Geography Of Water Resources

Author name: حسن خليل حسن المحمود

Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

مركزية موقع البصرة وهامشيته في صيرورة التاريخ : دراسة في الجغرافية التاريخية == Centralitv Of Basrah Location And Its Maruinalitv In Historv Process A Study Of Historical Geography

Author name: عبد الرحمن علي عبد الرحمن الجادر

Supervisor name: ماهر يعقوب موسى

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

مدينة الفاو تطويرها الوظيفي وعلاقاتها الاقليمية == Fao City Its Functional Development A : Qd Regional Relatiollships

Author name: محمد عنون مويش عبد الله السوداني

Supervisor name: عبد الحسين جواد السريح

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

توجهات تركيا نحو اقطار الخليج العربي : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية

Author name: عبد الزهرة شلش زامل علوان العتابي

Supervisor name: نصيف جاسم المطلبي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تجارة العراق الخارجية غير النفطية للفترة 1975 - 1985 : دراسة في جغرافية التجارة

Author name: كاظم عبادي حمادي الجاسم

Supervisor name: سرى محمود المدرس

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تاثير التلوث الصناعي في التوزيع الجغرافي لامراض الحساسية والربو في محافظة البصرة

Author name: عبد الرحمن جري مردان الحويدر

Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

الصراع الصومالي الاثيوبي حول منطقة الاوجادين : دراسة في الجغرافية السياسية

Author name: باسم نايف داود السعدي

Supervisor name: عبد الحميد عبد المجيد القيسي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

التغير المكاني للسكان في البحرين للفترة من 1971 - 1991 == The Spatial Change Of Population In Bahrain Betwee11 1971 - 1991

Author name: هدى داود نجم السعد

Supervisor name: مصطفى عبد الله محمد السويدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The importance of the population studies has become greater in geographical, soial and economic studies in very quickly time. Studying the geography and the cience of population has become one of the basic methods in geograpgy and socioloy sinces, it can solve the recent problems by realizing and analysing them aswell as inding the rriost suitable answers for them, which are presented by the results of the opulation studies and its possiblities of applications in developing, economic, social nd development plans in many states especially those which are under going a connuous and fast changes, just like Bahrain and the rest of the Gulf Oil states.Bahrain can be considered as an oil state which population are greatly controlled y the political, economic and social factors, since the discovery of oil has made radical change, It has transfered the economy of such state from a conventional one epending on agricultul - .e : , and fishing to amodren one depnding on oil incomes and vestments As aresult, aforign labour has brough u to manage the developing moveent as well as supporting the shortage in national labour and contributed grealtlydeveloping these states.The foreign labour has helped in achieving the developing plans, but, it has left s veral demographic, social, economic and political influences on the population of e region, and their growth, construction, distribution and their movement. By conSfdering what is said above, the aim of this research is studying the population in ahrain whether they are native or not and the role of the spatial and natural moveent of the people in showing the spatial changes in the compartive census periods 71, 1981 and 1991 then analysing and finding their causes and motives according the geography of population.This desertation consists of four chapters. The first one deals with the population ovements of the people and its effect inchanging the number of the population.oreover, this chapter is divided in to two sections, the first one deals with the patns and motives of the residential movement in atheoritical approach, while the s cond section concentrateji on the directions of the coming migration to Bahrain by studying its development and trends a~d - it~ pla~or.mqEr, - The second chapter discusses the populatipn growth ¥1d 1~ts effect on the change of the population bulk in Bahrain by studying the development of the populati6n 9~f!' : jt1~,jilld clearing the rule of the natural enlargment of every clase of the Bahrai - 7ty in the population growth of the state. 1~7.third chapter deals with the influence of the spatial change on the population 1dis - t~gutiqn in the ·state by studying the spatial change and population distribbution d~fi~rrding on the standareds of relative and density distribution and Knowing the rcoet : itre of population and density as well as the actual distribution of population. . Moreover, the fourth chapter, sums up the major factors affecting the distribu; tioni·~f population in Bahrain by discussing them into two groups in order to show tHt : nattiral and human factors in distribution, besides the problem of redistribution'of people - in the state and applying its effects. 'Finally; the researcher puts the conclusionss he has found throngh stuying this subject - the most outstanding one of them is that the coming migration plays a fundemental role in changing the population bulk and spatial diffrences through the diffrent census periods - at the encl of the desert ation.

التباين المكاني للانتاج الزراعي في اقليم اعالي الفرات

Author name: كمال صالح كزكوز

Supervisor name: سالم سعدون المبادر

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: The Second Chapter deals with the human factors related to workers, irrigation and the adopted means of it.The plants symbolized by big dams, drainage and the projects that deal with the agrarian refonns. It also deals with the ownership system and its affect on the agricultural product It has also some comments on the agricultural policy and the biological factors, transportation and marketing.As for the Third Chapter, which is regarded as the ma.in idea in this study, we see that it is specialized on studies of the agricultural product of the year 1988 to make it clear that the variance of places have something to do with the agricultural product, headed by classificqtion of the product and the scales adopted in some of the geographical studies.In this Chapter there are also studies on farming a and orchards as for their distribution on suberbs and the geographical factors behind that. At last this Chapter studies the agricultural changes between 1980 - 1988. This study aims to focus the place variance onagricultural production in Upper Euphrates region which consists the suberbs of Ramadi, Heat, Haditha, Aana and Al - Qaem.The region is situated in the western part of Iraq in Anbar Governarate which is about 29% of the survey of the whole Governarate. The survey of this region is regarded as 9.2% compared to the survey of Iraq.This region is suffering from a big problem which is the limited fertile land for agrivulture that does not exceed 1% from the whole survey of the land in the region.The study consists of.three Chapters. In the First Chapter, the researcher deals with the Natural factors affecting the variance of plance on agrilcultural products after flashing the light on studies concerning the place and the size of the region. The survey of the directorate and the important administrative development in the region In addition to the background on the surface, the climate, the soil and water resources that affect on the agricultural production.

اتجاهات وسرع الرياح السطحية في العراق == Directions And Velocity Of Surface Wind In Iraq

Author name: عزيز كوطي حسين الحسيناوي

Supervisor name: عبد الامام نصار ديري ناصر المظفر

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Among many other climatic elements, wind is the one of the most important ones for its an active role in specifying the nature of climatic features ; which consequently made it essential to study directions and velocity of wind both for meteorologists and climatologists as they cause a lot of weather changes such as those occurring to temperature, humidity and others. They - wind - lead, for instance, to rise temperature if they come from warm sides and decrease it in case they come from cold ones.If they were humid, they would cause rainfall over areas beneath and they also, in case of being speedy, cause dust storms of both kinds : sand and earthen ones.Wind affects many economical activities. They affect on determining the sites of industrial establishments and where its waste dumps should be located; on city construction and agriculture productivity along with exploiting wind in various fields such as using it in generating energy.The purpose of this research is to study directions and velocity of surface wind in Iraq as far as its differences in time and place between the southern, northern and middle zones, and the one zone stations are concerned.A 30 years climatic cycle (1961 - 1990) was chosen to the amount of 12 stations distributed in the country as follows : - Zakho , Kurkuk, Suliamaniya, and Mosel stations for northern region - Khnakeen, Ana , Alrutba and Baghdad stations for middle region. - Al - Hai , Al - Diwaniya, Al - Nassiriya and Basra stations for southern region.The research included three chapters. The first one dealt with affecting controls on directions and velocity of surface wind in Iraq. These controls were divided into stable ones : (locations as for latitude, topographic relief and water flats) and dynamic : (air pressure, air masses, weather fronts and weather highs and lows). The second chapter treated of wind ,directions in Iraq as to its differences in time and place according to circled - directions sectors. It was also possible to study the weather condition of the change of prevailing directions for chosen stations in the country. As for the third chapter, it was devoted to study the velocity of surface wind in Iraq and show its differences in time and place. It also studied the standard velocity registered in station during different years as well as the daily course of the velocity of surface wind in the stations of the study during January and July.In final, the research contained conclusions being reached through studying the subject of this research.

تقييم دور نهر ام المعارك في تنمية الموارد المائية

Author name: صفاء عبد الامير رشم الاسدي

Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: Water is considered as a strategic resource for economic development.Thus , Um Al - Maark possesses considerable development of water resources in the lower Euphrates basin. The river takes from the right bank of the Euphrates (10) kms downstream ofNasiriya with a total length of (108) kms. There are five canals branching from the right bank of the river each with a capacity of 25 cumers. The river controls 60 - 65 % (185) cumecs (5,82) bcm of the Euphrates discharge at Nasiriya ( 199) - 1998). Its water discharge is affected by seepage losses with (0.45 - 0.55 ) m3 I m1 I day and evaporation from the channel with (0.04) bcm, due to high average temperature (24.6) °C and very high soil permeability (15 - 43) m/d.Um Al - Maark plays a vital role in water resources conservation by controlling water distorted at the Marches and Arabian Gulf and directed to the western desert to irrigate (150000) ha. Furthermore, the river maintains the Euphrates and Shatt Al - Arab water quality by limiting the Marshes polluted wat : - r with an EC value (6) mmhos I cm which increased water 11 salinity of the river's at Qurna to ( 5.1) mmhos I cm during ( 1990 - 1992 ) COIDJ - 'dred to the previous salinity 0.96 ( 1967 - 1969). The water quality of the rivers has been decreased to (2.3) and (2.6) mmhos I cm ( 1995 - 2000) at Qurna and Maqil respectively, as a result of the implementation of Um Al - Maark, Saddam and Al - Ezz rivers.UM Al - Maark will be used as flood control system. It will be able to convert (508) cumecs from the flood water to the western desert as in 1988 and up to now to be used for irrigation and artificial groundwater recharge.These will maintain environment system. The ri·.'er promotes considerable economic and environmental developments forward by utilizing the desert virgin land with (150000) ha.The present irrigated land is (6250) ha, producing (3525) tons. This will L increase to (580800) tons/year with a net value of (77190) MIDS (38.6) M$Um Al - Maark is an important system for artificial groundwater rech?.rge in the Dibdibba area which has a rapid agriculture development affecting groundwater storage due to increasing demands and low natural recharge with (0.63) and (0.31) bcrn respectively. As a result the groundwater level decrease to (0.25) m I year and salinity increases to ( 0.28) mrnhos I cm I year. Therefore,Um Al - Maark is constructed to feed groundwater with (l.35) hem. This increases the groundwate r level and decreases salinity by (0.8) m/year and (0.4 )mrnhos /cm/ year respectively.Thus the river maintains water efficiency to cope with future development. Finally , to implement the river objectives the following measuresshould be considered : l. It is necessary to construct two regulators on Um Al - Maark and the Euphrates.2. An Authority should be established to be responsible for sand dunes control , lining canals,hydrological , geological , climate , soil and natural vegetation information.3. Effective irrigation methods should be applied. 4. High agriculture intensity should be used.5. Farm management practics regarding training , machinery , irriga.ion , ,drainage , fertilizer... etc should be enhanced.6. Water should be well distributed between the river canals and lining should be adopted7. Studies regarding water and land resources should be enlarged.8. Agricultural facilities such as roads , electricity , machinery , health centers and education should be considered.9. Vegetation cover should be improved.

تقويم مشاريع الخير الاروائية في محافظة البصرة == Evalution Of Al - Khair Irrigation Projects In Basroh Provi Nee

Author name: صلاح مهدي عريبي الزيادي

Supervisor name: حمدان باجي نوماس

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

المنطقة التجارية المركزية لمدينة الصدر : دراسة في جغرافية المدن

Author name: اسامة حميد مجيد هاشم السلطان

Supervisor name: صلاح هاشم الهاشم

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

محافظة المثنى : دراسة في الجغرافيا الاقليمية == Al - Muthana Governorate Study In Regional Geography

Author name: الاء شاكر عمران موسى الشمرتي

Supervisor name: بشرى رمضان ياسين الطه

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

تباين تراكيز الغازات الملوثة لهواء محافظة بابل : دراسة في التلوث البيئي == Variation In The Concentrations Of Air Pollutant At Babylon Governorate (Study Of Environmental Pollution

Author name: شاكر عبد عايد

Supervisor name: كاظم عبد الوهاب حسن الاسدي

General topic: Geography

Specific topic: Geography

Degree: Master

University: University Of Basrah - Faculty Of Education - Department Of Geography

Language: Arabic

University location: Basrah

First pages:

Abstract: ان الهدف من هذا البحث هو دراسة ظاهرة تلوث الهواء في محافظة بابل عن طريق دراسة تباين تراكيز الغازات الملوثة للهواء في المحافظة من خلال عدد من المحطات التي تقيس تراكيز مجموعة من الغازات. فضلا عن دراسة التباين الكمي والنوعي للملوثات الجوية المتساقطة فوق مح | The purpose ( objective ) of this research is studying air pollution phenomena Bahylan governorate through studying the vanatins the concentrations of air pollntntnts the governorate through some stations which measure the concentrations of gases and also studying the quality and quantity differences for polluters that falling over Bahylan govenorate during 2010 through some source locations that are distributed in city center and some other places. For this purpose, reported hinformation ( the ministry of environment governorate , the Iraqi air information , the quality of air in Babylan environment governorate during 2010 were used. The lowest and the highest limits and yearly average for each kind of polluters as well as the quantity of falling dust at each location during the months of study year were stand by using anautomatic absorbition tool to measure the concentrations of heavy elements that mixed with dust during the seasons. The human and natural factors and how much they influence wpon ari pollutants at Babylon were standed too.The increasing of the concentrations of air pollutants at Babylon is caused by natural and human reasons with granted eldeat to the human factors which is represented by industry , transportation , population and agriculture. The location of the city which is neighbor to some governorates has a big role in driver these governorates by wind.Factors adhering air pollution at Babylon governorate are : 1 - The astronomical location specified the climate features to Babil governorate which it lies in the centre of Iraq made it influenced by the climate of middle Iraq which is hot and dry ( BW) which reflected on the other natural factors and it role to influence the distribution and concentration of air polluters 2 - The geographical location of Baghdad , Anbar and Karbalaa which are next to Babil made the area of study influences by pollutant which are poured from these governorate whether they are natural like dusty storms or human like industrial waste which the wind played a vital role to transport them to the study area. 3 - The area of study has a property which is plane surface and average about ( 0,23 ) meter per Kilometers towards northwest , southwest , and also the existence of surface water by. Euphrates and its feeds and also the dependence of population on it for the first place in the area of study for lack of rain 4 - The climate has a negative role in the of the problem because of high degree of heat and the increasing of steaming and the lack of rain , all that led to draught of soil and break down. Also the lack of natural greenery contributed increasing of naked soil wind for the autumn of dust and sandwich they are air pollutants, and for the hot climate influence on high of elements and gases by the influence of sun races from the light chemical to change the gases into elements more harmful on air pollution 5 - The soil of soft muddy area in the river's shoulders and the bad drainage pools was more resistant to naked wind operation and less influence on air pollution , while the sandy soil especially in the south east of the governorate was less wet and catch up was less resistant for wind naked was more influence in increasing air pollution. 6 - For water resources positive influence in reducing of research problem in the dry climate area study through absorbing air pollutants and find a agricultural areas and natural greenery which descending on rivers shoulders , but this factor has lost much of its influence in protecting the air out of pollution because of man's role and there was not any role to the deep water in the agriculture in the area of study 7 - It has appeared that the increasing in population has a big role in the previous problem , the population in Babylon governorate during 2010 reached ( 1712329 ) which required civilized enlargement opposite to green areas and increasing the quantity of waste materials out of population different activities also acting negatively towards environment. 8 - The planted area in the study area in 2009 - 2010 has reached about ( 773355 ) acres that reduces during the summer season which the air pollution become higher through it. On the other side this activity has an influence through finding different air polluters for example injunction seeds , using agricultural killer , chemical and organic and also the wrong agricultural styles and wrong shepherding which made this activity one of the reasons of air pollution. 9 - For the transportation field role in increasing the problem of the research where the number of vehicles increased the study area from ( 1481 ) in 1977 to ( 128270 ) in 2010 while some of these3 vehicles are old and they use bad quality of power ( petrol ). The large number of these vehicle on roads and streets solid obstacles in the city center in making the pollutors more concentrate in these areas. 10 - The industrial activity in the , but the affect of it differs from one industry to another where the industrial field in the area of study is the most important human activities that affects in the research problem but the degree of its affection differed from one industry to another resource like ( gas oil and gas ) as an elementary this is the most polluters to the air and the building industry has a big role in increasing air pollution by the polluters which are poured by this industry in the areas where they are found or the near by areas and also the food industry which increases the problem of air pollution.11 - In Babil's university station it has been appeared that the higher monthly a verge gases constration ( O3 , No2 , So2 ) with constrations ( 0. 36 - 0.25 - 0.12 )ppm consequently 12 - It has been appeared that the higher monthly for the following gases consitration ( Co2 - NO ) ( 499. 886 , 0.2 ) consequently ppm by Abu Khistawy station 13 - Hamza Al - deli area has shoed higher levels for gases constrations ( CH4 , CO ) ppm ( 8. 19 , 1.14 ) ppm consequently 14 - Nadir quarter in Al - Hilla city shoed the largest amount of dust Falling are Babil during the year of study where it became (841.554 gram /m2/ year ).15 - It has appeared that the higher on sentration of (pb ) (100.48 miligram /m3 ) in Sinjar area in Hilla 16 - The highest concentration of ( Cu ) ( 71.42 miligram /m3 ) and it is registration in Nadir area in Hilla 17 - The measurement location in Mehaweel showed the highest concentration of iron and cadimuim ( 71. 93 , 872. 35 miligram /m3 ) consequently.