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الحجاج في شعر احمد الوائلي == The Argumentation in the Poetry of Ahmed Al - Wa'ili

Author name: صلاح جباري شناوة
Supervisor name: عايد جدوع حنون
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: فان الانسان يسعى جاهدا ليصل الى مكنونات الكلام, وكشف ما غمض منه فتعددت السبل التي اتخذها في بحثه الدؤوب عن المعاني الكامنة فيه, فوضع لذلك المناهج, وصاغ النظريات التي توصله الى المعاني, فكانت هذه المناهج والنظريات تتطور, ويتكئ بعضها على بعض, فيشهد ميدان البحث اللغوي ظهور نظرية بين الفينة والاخرى, قد تفند ما قبلها وتقوم على انقاضها, وقد تبدا بداية غير مسبوقة, ومنهج الحجاج من جملة تلك المناهج التي تصدت لمعرفة المعاني المقروءة, والمكتوبة والمنطوقة, واستطاع الحجاج ان يزاحم المناهج اللغوية, ويثبت لنفسه موطئ قدم بين تلك المناهج؛ لما يمتاز به من رؤية شاملة للخطاب تاخذ جوانب متعددة, وتعتمد القصد الذي يكشف مكنونات الخطاب بعد ربطه بسياق انشائه, زد على ذلك ان الحجاج بذاته متعدد فلا يقتصر على الفلسفة, والمنطق, والقانون, والاعلام فحسب, بل تعدى ذلك ليشمل الخطاب الادبي, واليومي, فاصبح الحجاج منهجا لسانيا تداوليا يمكن تطبيقه على النصوص, وهو من الموضوعات الجديدة في ساحة البحث الاكاديمي اللساني. ولست ازعم ان دراستي رائدة او كان لها قصب السبق في هذا المضمار, بل سبقت بدراسات في هذا المجال, لكن ذلك لايعني انها تكرار لما قدمه الباحثون في هذا المجال فلكل طريقته في عرض موضوعه, ولا انسى ان اشير هنا الى ان دراسة الاستاذ الدكتور عايد جدوع كانت من الدراسات الرائدة في الحجاج والتي كان عنوانها(الحجاج في كلام الامام الحسين عليه السلام), وكانت نعم الاساس المتين الذي نهضت عليه دراستي, وكان له كل الفضل في اختيار موضوع الدراسة وتوجيهي اليه, فكان هذا دافعا لدراسة الموضوع على وفق رؤية تجمع بين التداولية والبلاغة, وكان لتطبيق هذا المنهج على الشعر صعوباته التي طالمراافقت عمل البحث الى نهايته, وكان لهذه الصعوبة حسناتها اذ وجهت البحث الى المزاوجة بين القديم والحديث؛ للخروج برؤية تداولية حجاجية تسهم في فهم الخطاب الشعري, وهذا ما دفع الباحث الى تقسيم البحث على تمهيد, وثلاثة فصول, اما التمهيد فقد انقسم على قسمين كان القسم الاول منه تعريفا بالشيخ احمد الوائلي, اما القسم الثاني فكان تعريفا بمصطلح الحجاج لغة واصطلاحا وتعريفا بنظرية ديكرو للحجاج التي سار عليها البحث, اما الفصل الاول فقد بينت فيه ما للخطاب الحجاجي من بناء في الشكل والادوات, وقسمته على ثلاثة مباحث, المبحث الاول كان عنوانه الروابط الحجاجية, وقد فصلت القول فيه عن الروابط مبينا وظيفتها ودلالتها واثرها في الخطاب, وجاء المبحث الثاني معرفا بالعوامل الحجاجية, ومبينا ما لها من وظيفة حجاجية وهي توجيه الخطاب نحو قصد المتكلم, اما المبحث الثالث فبينت فيه ما للخطاب الحجاجي من استراتيجية في مراعاة المخاطب, والظروف المحيطة بالخطاب اذ تتجلى هذه المراعاة بالتدرج في ايراد الحجج, وكان عنوانه السلالم الحجاجية. اما الفصل الثاني فكان منصبا على بيان ما للحجاج من ارتباط بفعل الكلام فكان عنوان هذا الفصل الحجاج التداولي الذي قسم على ثلاثة مباحث هي : الفعل الكلامي المباشر, والفعل الكلامي غير المباشر, والاستلزام الحواري, واظهر المبحث الاول من هذا الفصل ما تميز به الفعل المباشر من قدرة على الانجاز تمثلت بالصيغ الحرفية المباشرة التي كان المعنى فيها مساويا للمنطوق, اما المبحث الثاني الذي تمثل بالفعل اللغوي غير المباشر فكشف عن القصد الكامن في الخطاب الذي يؤديه المتكلم بصورة غير مباشرة معتمدا على المحتوى القضوي للخطاب, اي ما يفهمه المتلقي من الخطاب على وفق معطيات السياق, وفي المبحث الثالث سلط البحث الضوء على المعنى المستفاد من السياق الذي يمثل شفرة تحلها الكفايات الثقافية, واللغوية لطرفي التخاطب مستندة الى السياق, وهو ما يعرف في الخطاب التداولي بالاستلزام الحواري, اما الفصل الثالث فاضطلع بمهمة كشف الارتباط بين البلاغة والحجاج, فوسمته بالحجاج البياني, اذ تصدره مدخل لكشف العلاقة بين البلاغة والحجاج, ثم تلا ذلك ثلاثة مباحث وهي بمثابة تطبيق لمظاهر الحجاج في ثلاثة اساليب بيانية هي التشبيه, والاستعارة, والكناية, اذ حاول البحث اظهار القصد الكامن في هذه الاساليب, ولم اعتمد المتكلم هذا الاسلوب, او ذاك فجاء تحليل الخطاب على وفق رؤية حجاجية تداولية, تظهر فيها محاولة الالتفات الى بعض الخصائص الحجاجية المتضمنة في الظواهر البيانية, وكشف خصائص كل اسلوب من هذه الاساليب ومدى فاعلية الحجاج فيها, ثم تلا ذلك خاتمة تضمنت اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها البحث.اما المصادر التي اعتمدها البحث فكثيرة ومتنوعة. وما تجدر الاشارة اليه ان ديوان الوائلي الذي يمثل موضوع الدراسة طبع اكثر من مرة وهناك اختلافات بين طبعاته تنوعت بين الزيادة والنقص, فديوان ايقاع الفكر طبع في دار الصفوة, بيروت في عام 2010, لكن هذا الديوان تنقصه بعض القصائد, زيادة على ذلك ان هذه الطبعة احتوت على اخطاء طباعية, اما الطبعة الاخيرة لديوانه فقد صدرت في سنة 2012 بشرح وتدقيق سمير شيخ الارض, وقد ضمت كل قصائد الوائلي بحسب ما ذكره الناشر, وبعد الاطلاع على الديوانين واجراء مقابلة بينهما اثرت اعتماد ديوان الوائلي بشرح وتدقيق سمير شيخ الارض بطبعته الاولى لسنة2012, فقد ضم هذا الديوان كل قصائد الوائلي زيادة على دقة الطبع وقلة الاخطاء. وفيما يخص المنهج الذي اتبعته فهو المنهج الحجاجي, واشير هنا الى ان هذا المنهج لايمكن ان يعالج الخطاب الشعري من دون الاتكاء على المناهج الاخر, فلاستقراء الظواهر الحجاجية لابد من اعتماد المنهج الاستقرائي الوصفي للظواهر, واستكمالا للفائدة العلمية, وما اقتضته طبيعة البحث ادخلت المنهج الاحصائي مع المناهج الاخر, فكل الظواهر التي سجلت خاضعة لاحصاء كامل في كل الديوان.ولا يسعني في النهاية الا ان اتقدم بالشكر الجزيل لاستاذي وشيخي الدكتور عايد جدوع حنون, والى كل اساتذتي في قسم اللغة العربية في جامعة المثنى, واسال الله سبحانه وتعالى ان يتقبل عملي هذا باحسن قبول, والحمد لله اولا واخرا وصلى الله على محمد واله الطاهرين | The argumentation is usually dedicated to some recipient whether actual or imaginative, near or faraway. Each argument takes patterns which are different from the patterns of the other arguments. The argumentation is considered as one of the modern linguistic theories which is widely used in this field. The present study is an application of this theory on the poetry of Sheikh Ahmed Al - Wa'ili whose ideological attitudes were highly reflected in his poems. Also, this study is conducted to immortalize such great persona who defended Islam and the Islamic peoples. The present study composed of a preface, three chapters, and some conclusions. The preface contains two sections in which the former talks about the biography of Sheikh Ahmed Al - Wa'ili, while the later one treated the definition of argument linguistically and terminologically as well as explaining Oswald Ducrot's theory of argumention which is adopted in this study.Chapter one is concerned with the forms and tools of the argumention. It is divided into three sections : the first section is concerned with the argumentative links showing their semantic and functional effect in discourse. The second section talks about the argumentative elements showing their function in what the speaker means. The third section is concerned with the strategies of the argumentative discourse and the surrounding environment of the argumentative discourse.Chapter two is concerned with the relationship between argumentation and speech acts. It consists of three sections : the first one talks about the direct speech acts and their role in the argumentative achievement, while the second one sheds light on the indirect speech acts and the hidden meaning of a discourse which is performed in an indirect way. The third section is concerned with the conversational Implicature.Chapter three is interested in showing the relationship between argumentation and rhetorics. It also contains three sections showing the applications of argumentation which are the rhetorical devices : simile, metaphor, and euphemism. The current study has concluded the following : • The argumentation in the poetry of Al - Wa'ili was highly related to an event or an important issue.• Al - Wa'ili was very successful in his choice for the argumentative links in which he used each one in its suitable way. • The statistics shows that the poetry of Al - Wa'ili was filled of the poetic images in which he employed the elements of argumentation, the Conversational Implicature, and the speech acts

ايات الفتنة في القران الكريم : دراسة في ضوء علم اللغة النصي == UNIVERSITY OF MUTHANA AYAT AL - FITNA IN Quran Kareem

Author name: صادق ذريع طعمة
Supervisor name: صاحب منشد عباس الزيادي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: الحمد لله رب العالمين ، والصلاة والسلام على افصح الخلق وخير من تكلم بلغة الضاد سيدنا محمد وعلى اله الطيبين الطاهرين ..اما بعد... فعلى من يريد ان يبحر في بحر المعاني القرانية ان يهيء شراعا متينا كي يصل به الى بر الامان وان يكون سابرا لغوره عندما يريد الغوص الى اعماقه ، فلا تتقاذفه امواجه العاتية في غياهب المعاني المتداخلة، وطالما كنت متشوقا الى ان ا كون من الذين يدرسون علومـه ، فشاء الله ان اكـــون من دارسي لغة القران الكريم ،ووقـــع الاختيار على موضوع (ايات الفتنة في القران الكريم /دراسة في ضوء علم اللغة النصي)، متناولا الايات الصريحة للفتنة ،اذ كانت الايات غير الصريحة بالفتنة تقارب السبعين نصا. اما سبب الدراسة النصية ، فهي لما في هذا العلم من مجال رحب للدراسة بحكم موضوعاته المغرية ، فوقع الاختيار على المعايير السبعة لروبرت دي بيوجراند ودريسلر عارضا اياها على ايات الفتنة في القران الكريم ، فهي عرصة تستحق الوقوف عليها كباقي ايات الكتاب العزيز ؛ لما فيها من مفاتن عجيبة ولذائذ غريبة تستدعي القارئ الى المكوث في اروقتها المتشابكة . وقد تضمن البحث تمهيدا واربعة فصول وخاتمة فضلا عن قائمة المصادر والمراجع . اما التمهيد فكان على قسمين : الاول تناولت فتناولت فيه الفتنة في اللغة والاصطلاح ، والثاني : نشاة لسانيات النص ، ونحو الجملة ونحو النص . فيما كانت فصول الرسالة على ثلاثة محاور هي : مايتعلق بالنص وهما الفصلان الاول والثاني ، وما يتعلق بمستعمل النص ومتلقيه ، وهو الفصل الثالث ، فيما خصص الفصل الرابع بما يحيط النص . وكان الفصل الاول قد خصص للاتساق ، اذ قسمته على ثلاثة مباحث، تناولت في المبحث الاول الاتساق الصوتي بعناصره، وهي : الفاصلة القرانية، والجناس، والتوازي. وخصصت المبحث الثاني بالاتساق النحوي، وقد ضم : الاحالة، والاستبدال، والحذف، والربط . وفي الثالث درست الاتساق المعجمي بشقيه التكرير والتضام .اما الفصل الثاني فقد كان من حصة الانسجام ، وقد قسمته على مبحثين تناولت في المبحث الاول العلاقات النصية ، وفي الثاني تطرقت الى علم المناسبة في القران الكريم . وجاء الفصل الثالث بعنوان المعايير النصية التي تتعلق بمنشىء النص ومتلقيه ،وهما القصد والقبول وقسمته على مبحثين : مبحث للقصد ، ومبحث للقبول .اما الفصل الرابع فكان للمعاير التي تتصل بالنص ماديا وثقافيا ، وهي سياق الموقف ، والتناص ، والاعلامية ، وقسمته على ثلاثة مباحث : الاول لسياق الموقف ، والثاني للتناص ، والثالث للاعلامية . وذيلت البحث بخاتمة تضمنت اهم النتائج التي توصل اليها الباحث ، واخيرا قائمة بالمصادر والمراجع. اما المصادر التي اعتمدتها الدراسة فشملت كتب التفسير واللغة والنحو والبلاغة وما تيسر من كتب الدراسات القرانية والبلاغية والرسائل الجامعية، ومن الواجب هنا التنبيه على انني اعتمدت في دراستي على كتابين اعتمادرائيسا الاول : النص والخطاب والاجراء لروبرت بورجراند ، والثاني : لسانيات النص مدخل الى انسجام الخطاب لمحمد خطابي . ولم يسلم البحث من وعورة الطريق وعثراتها ، فقد واجه الباحث بعض الصعوبات ومنها : ندرة مصادر هذا البحث الخاصة بالمجال التطبيقي ؛ لكون هذا العلم يحرث ارضا جديدة لم تينع بعد، والتداخل الاصطلاحي والمفهومي بين مصطلحات علم النص ومفاهيمه ، وكيفية التوفيق بينها وتوجيهها الوجه المطلوب كان من ابرز المعوقات في اثناء هذه الرحلة . ويدعوني واجب الاعتراف بالمن ان اقدم وافر الشكر، وجميل العرفان الى استاذي ومشرفي المشرف(الاستاذ المساعد الدكتور صاحب منشد عباس) الذي اقول له بشراك قول رسول الله () "ان الحوت في البحر. والطير في السماء ليصلون على معلم الناس الخير" فله كل الشكر والثناء على ما تحمله من جهد الاشراف على هذا البحث ،وتصحيح عثراتي فيه ،فلم اعدم منه تقويم خطا، وتقديم عون، مع ارشاد الى راي فجزاه الله عني وعن طلبة العلم واهله خير الجزاء.واخيرا… فان الله سبحانه وتعالى كان من وراء توفيقي وسدادي في هذا الجهد الذي غايته خدمة كتابه العزيز، واظهار وجه من وجوه عظمة هذا الكتاب المعجز، فقد كان الله تعالى معنا دائما، يوجهنا بفضله، ونسير على هداه، ونرجو بلطفه ان يسامحنا، فلربما جرنا شطط في تفسير بعض ايات كتابه الكبير، فنشكره شكر الحامدين على هدايتنا ما زالت شمس تشرق على الارض، ونستغفره من سهونا وخطئنا فلا عاصم الا هو، فمنه التوفيق والرضا والمغفرة، وختاما فان قوله تعالى احسن القول | Great thanks to Almighty Allah and peace and prayer upon his passenger, Mohhammed and his household, the kind and pure. Then…The learners had believed in the seventies of the previous century that the limited frame of the sentence must be extended towards the text as a unit . That's why they spoke aloud for the establishment of a new scientific field which studies cases that classic studies couldn’t. This is called "Text Linguistics".In fact, this science had gained my attention since the first year of my study of Master of Arts. To this end, I hoped to study a subject in a new way which different from the classic ones. In this case, the choice was the seven criteria of Robert de Beaugrande to be applied in Ayat al fitna in Quran . I can honestly say that I've faced certain difficulties in this study but I have passed them by the help of God.The study consists of three chapters and an conclusion. The introduction of the study has been divided into two parts : the first one is a biography of the poet while the second included the following : - Fitna linguistics - The Fitna text in lingual lessonThe first chapter deals with three sections. The first one studies the phonetic link by its elements like, parallel, similarity in pronunciation rhyme applied them in Ayat al fitna. The second section deals the grammatical concord which involved substitution, deletion and joining. The third section included the lexical concord in its two types . The second chapter studied the association. This has been divided into two sections. The first section focuses on the textual relations while the second refers to structural text where the single unit is divided in eight themes . The third chapter included four sections. The first one is related to "intention" and "acceptance" while the second is about the situation. In the third section I've studied indication while the fourth one deals with text accordance . The conclusion of the study included the most important results the study has reached at. The last was a list of references.The study has faced certain difficulties. For example, the topic is so modern that there was a big problem concerning references on the applied field.By the way, my gratitude to my supervisors Dr. Jaber Muhsin Aliway for instructive suggestions without him the study cannot reach an end. He always teaches me how to face the questions of pioneers in the field. Lot of Thanks to the great poet, Ahmed Bukheet and miss Maha from Egypt. Deep thanks to the researcher, Mutlak for providing me with certain references. My thanks to all those who helped me to achieve this work. I am eagerly waiting the birth of this little work. Thanks for God .

توظيف الحيوان في كتاب جمهرة الامثال لابي هلال العسكري (395هـ) == Animal Employment in the Arab Proverb In Abi Hillal Al - Askari's (395 A.H.)

Author name: شيماء ابراهيم راضي الكرعاوي
Supervisor name: عامر صلال راهي الحسناوي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Praise be to Allah and peace and blessings be upon our holy prophet Muhammad and his purified progeny.Proverbs acquire their importance from life in their being a legacy for the most touching needs of human nature in most of its ways. As such , the proverb is an ever - lasting monitoring authority in support of idealistic conduct.Believing in the active role of the proverb in improving the framework of life, I have opted for going deeper into the insights of proverbs.The multitude and sequence of studies on Arab proverbs cannot be considered a matter of repetition because each study has its distinctive characteristic from other studies. There are many examples in this regard.Hardly any work is devoid of difficulties facing it; as such one of the difficulties that faced me was how to make the structure as concise as possible which imposed on the researcher much effort concerning the analysis of the proverb in light of the study tools. Furthermore , most proverbs are in the form of "'af'al" which did not go beyond the hyperbole scope in all of them. This has made the researcher concentrate on the lexical meaning of the animal and the situation upon which the proverb is based. As regards the structure of the research , it has been divided into a preface and three chapters and a conclusion.Chapter one has dealt with the lexical function and what has resulted out of it as regards meanings which had an active contribution towards enriching the proverb structure . The chapter has been divided, therefore, into three sections the first of which included the( lexicon of pets) while the second included the( lexicon of birds) and the third section was (lexicon of the animals miscellany) in which is collected all that scattered and could not be compiled within an independent section. Therefore, it has been divided into two sub - sections : the first deals with insects and vermin while the second deals with predators. Chapter two which is entitled( contextual function ) has dealt with the impact of context in firmly fixing the meaning of the proverb and has been divided into two sections . The first section is entitled the ( the influential function) which has dealt with the scope of emotional and behavioral influence as a first step to adjust or change emotions and behaviors in case they are obscene or laying emphasis on what is commendable . Second section has dealt with (reference function) which is concerned with interpretive cases that adopted the first proverb situation as springboard to clarify what comes next . As such the historical aspect has been endorsed as reliable.Chapter three deals with ( textual function) which has also included two sections. Section one deals with (stimulation function) which is used for observing the linguistic styles such as forwarding and postponement , elision and mentioning and relativization and separation ,etc.) which have formed an alarming motive to secure the continuity between the parties of the discourse. The second section entitled the ( aesthetic function) deals with observing the rhetorical elements such as metonymy ,metaphor and simile which have sometimes taken out of personification and materialization an expressive form and out of suggestion and symbol more expressive forms on some other occasions .The research has arrived at some conclusions one of which is that all means of creation have been made available as a result of possessing an abundant language rich in its suggestions which has greatly echoed its indicative objectives in addition to containing some scientific indications that revealed the level of the thinking of the Arabs by then despite the primitive means they had at their disposals.The statistical aspect of the animal utterances has lead us to discover the rationale for the disparity in employing some utterances to the exclusion of others . Thus the pets have been at the forefront at the expense of other kinds in relation to the proverbial indications referring to it . This shows further that the Arabs did not leave a characteristic of relevance until they touched upon it whether explicitly or implicitly. At the end I should express my gratitude and appreciation to my honorable supervisor who guided me to the path of this research.I wish also to acknowledge that all shortcomings and pitfalls are all smy sole responsibility.The closure of our prayers is that all praise and thanks belong to Allah , the Lord of the worlds.

شروح بردة البوصيري في الدرس الادب القديم حتى نهاية القرن الثالث عشر الهجري

Author name: عقيل عبد الحسن جبر الفتلاوي
Supervisor name: ياسر علي عبد سلمان الخالدي
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Burd s explanations represent the flower of literary production throughout the ages because of the rare literay news linguistic rhetorical and critical contents and the meanings of the meanings of the poem the poem contains high - level literary profiles characterized by its classification and each according to its orientation and do ctriue whether linguistic or literary or Sophia has been formulated by us a wonderful art from and easy to understand and to acquire meanings arranged alogical arrangement easy to the recipient after viewing annotions printed and compositions vision for directions statement of their efforts to cashin this regard divided the study to boot and three chapters unprecedented an interoduction to ensure the boot life al bosairy and his poem albordatalked about the circumstances which was born in which the poem and its importance at critics also ensures boot explicits of the borda best known their order time also ensures agreat annotations any reasons called explicits to explain the poem albordaDiscussed in the first chapter direction language in three sections were section I recently about oriented grammar which included the efforts of explicits grammatical section ll was recently about oriented morphological guarantee the correction explicits and their impact on alborda as for section lll talked in it for oriented semantic because examined in this section contents read that referred explicits and its effect in construction of the poem And chapter2 themed direction the include three investigation of the first of meanings studies the meanings rhetorical which goes out to the question and meanings that goes out to appeal and meanings rhetorical which goes out topray for deletion as for section 2 was informed the statement because examined the analogy in ......... section 3 talked about science budaiya as guarantee the most prominent methods … received the poem that referred… then came the third chapter entitled direction cash and ensures three sections I was on the construction of the poem as contents of the beginning and good getrid conclusion of the poem as it is anovelpillar of the basicbused upon …. In section 3 tallked about the issues of cash other studied the phenomena of music and quotation …. The introduction and conclusion included the most prominent findings of this study ,and proven tributaries

الحقول الدلالية لكلام الامام علي (عليه السلام) في الكافي للكليني ت 328هـ - 329هـ == Semantic Fields of the Sayings of Imam Ali in Al - Kafi by Al - Kulaini

Author name: دعاء رهيف لهو الزيادي
Supervisor name: علي فرحان جواد
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Praise belongs to God, the lord of all being. Blessings and peace be upon the most noble of Messengers, the Prophet Mohammad and on his progeny.Searching in the study of the meaning of the word does not apply unless this word is within a coherent system in a form of a semantic field. It is one of the most important branches of semantics in the modern linguistic studies. It assists to understand the meaning of the word and state its relations and historical development. Therefore, it is among the theories which attract the attention of the researchers, recently, in studying the group of the words that has a similar meaning and put them within a certain linguistic field. The old Arabic scholars identified some of these words but they lack organization and classification and this represented in the method followed by the authors of letters and dictionaries.The proposal of my respected teacher in selecting the title of this thesis concerning the study of " Semantic fields of the sayings of Imam ALI in Al - Kafi by Al - Kulaini (died in 328 - 329 H.) has a positive effect on me as it has a rich Quranic impact, Mohammadi heritage, eloquence, and style as well as the rarity of the linguistic studies in Al - Kafi.I have started studying Alawi texts to extract the vocabularies of IMAM ALI (peace be upon him) in particular to convey the sense to the listener. I have depended on the Al - Kafi by Al - Kulaini to transmit prophetic texts which is corrected and commented by ALI AKBAR AL - GHAFFARI and the Sheikh MOHAMMED AL - AKHWANDI and the introduction, which consists of eight parts, of Dr. HUSSEIN ALI MAHFOODH.After listing and accounting the vocabularies, I have started to develop a plan for the research in a way that meets its nature and I have relied on the analytical descriptive approach. The study has based upon the vocabularies of IMAM ALI stated in AL - KAFI after accounting and distributing them on main fields divided into semantic sets by themes. If their numbers are even, they will be arranged by alphabetic order. There is a method that I have tried to follow which is the study of the word and extract its linguistic (lexical) reference in the old and modern dictionaries, mention its derivation, follow it historically during different linguistic stages (linguistic, era before Islam and Quranic stages) in order to realize its linguistic development or difference. I, however, didn’t findCthis method in some vocabularies (words), i.e. I didn’t find , as far as I know, any pre - Islamic texts or Quranic texts, therefore, I was motivated to know its lexical reference and mention the word reference in the place it is mentioned in and referring to the difference between lexical and text usages.At the end of the research, I have mentioned the most important results which are : 1 - The study has showed in AL - KAFI Book that Sheikh AL - KULAINI realized the idea of semantic fields even if he didn’t give this well - known term. But is was clear and obvious in his distribution of subjects that he dealt with in his book (ascendants and descendants).2 - Imam Ali's opinion about words semantics affected giving his texts a usage dimension concerning each word. The study has stated the purpose of using words in their texts in particular such as specialty, equality, lacking, preference, honoring and transcendence for his high level of eloquence. So, some words such as God, invocation, mosque, and fasting have represented an important factor in structure to form semantics.3 - Imam ALI relied on the argumentation style in using the Imamate words as it has a powerful and effective impact and convince on the text content, especially depending on eloquence means such as metaphor and metonymy.4 - Imam Ali's usage of words in AL - KAFI showed some semantic phenomena such as the phenomenon of semantic development occurred to words during the three stages (lexical, pre - Islamic era, and Islamic era) such as Mecca, Ramadhan, Crescent, mosque, grave - clothes and others, the phenomenon of semantic approaching between Hebrew language and Arabic language in the meaning of the prophets' names such as Ibrahim, Moses, and David where they considered as Islamic names and the phenomenon of semantic specialty in the words of Mohammed, Hajj and others.5 - Depending on studying Imam Ali's speech, it was clear and obvious that his speech parts ranged between imperative, prohibition, emphasis and his attention to linguistic matters representing in linguistic shift and the appearance of number of collocations such as the month of Ramadhan and our father Ibrahim, and the multiplicity of metaphorical items. And it refers to his language competence and the impact of his words on the language composition concerning Alawi texts is deserved to be quoted.6 - Imam Ali's speech has an important effect on Islamic religion. His speech concerning the society categories represented a social theory for rights of individuals (freemen, slave - men) as well as people with disabilities (palsied and crippled).

خطاب الرؤيا في الشعر العراقي الستيني

Author name: مريم جابر عايش
Supervisor name: علي هاشم طلاب الزيرجاوي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

المعتمد بن عباد موضوعا (شعريا) بين ابن اللبانة الداني وابن حمديس موازنة فنية == AL - MUTAMAD IBN ABBAD IS A POETIC THEME BETWEEN IBN AL - LABANA AL - DANY AND IBN HAMDIS : A TECHNICAL COMPARATIVE

Author name: خـديـجـة هاشم عــنـون الــعــوادي
Supervisor name: ستار جبار رزيج
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Al - Mutamad Ibn Abbad Al - Ashbely is an Andalusian prince and poet who was possessed by alienation and living away from country. His poetry, which is diverse according to the diversity of its purposes, is characterized by nostalgia plaint, remorse anguish, patience bitterness and friend betrayal. His experience of expatriation was not restricted to his continuous plaint for his homeland but also expanded to include the repetition of this experience as he lost his large homeland (Al - Andalus), he also lost his small homeland (Sevilla) which he ruled a period of time. He returned to suffer from its downfall in hands of enemies. This point is what made other poets including Ibn Al - Labana Al - Dany and Ibn Hamdis Al - Saqaly discussed the status of Al - Mutamad as a prince and prisoner. The present study adopts observing, reading and analyzing the presence of Al - Mutamad as a poetic theme in the last poems of Ibn Al - Labana Al - Dany and Ibn Hamdis Al - Saqaly, which contain in their last part deep humanistic moments experienced by Al - Mutamad who suffered from exile and faced his death as a tragic reality. The experiences of being captured and exiled were the important painful experiences discussed by the two poets in an honest humanistic sense since they represent a pure personal expression shared by another that seemed a viewer establishing a diverse reality not experienced by the self. Presenting Al - Mutamad in this sad experience cannot be considered as a declaration of a specific affiliation which relies on a politic theme to penetrate the text for the purposes of spreading and outgrowing. Pain moments are shorter and deeper than filling their gaps by theorizing and its senseless shapes that cannot originate from the heart and do not harmonize feeling especially when these moments are mixed with a sense of deep alienation as in the experience of Al - Mutamad. Poems of Ibn Al - Labana Al - Dany and Ibn Hamdis Al - Saqaly, whose essence is Al - Mutamad, are full of pain of Al - Mutamad's last exile which was imposed upon him by capturing. These poems portrayed the sense of death in the poet's strange consciousness who was suffering from two crises : his alienation from homeland as well as his death away from homeland. This explains Al - Mutamad's patriotism and humanity or their mixing together in a tearful poetic voice full of hope which does not appear in a lot of sad scenes during his capturing. The study consists of a preliminary and three chapters. The preliminary deals with Al - Mutamad's life before and during capturing. Chapter one discusses the poetic language and the role of words, structures and discourse with taking into account the sad atmospheres that the poet lived through his exile after capturing with concentration, condensation and brevity. Chapter two is devoted to explaining the poetic images, the use of these images through discussing Al - Mutamad's issue as well as the role of passion and imagination in expressing the issue of the homeland firstly and Al - Mutamad secondly. Furthermore, it deals with Al - Badiaa in their poetry. Chapter three focuses on the rhythm and its role in dealing with the homeland issue and Ibn Abbad between passion and awareness of homeland issue through adopting approaches including narrative and dialogue to reach at a perfect logical vision of the intellectual and psychological dimensions of Al - Mutamad. The most important conclusions the study arrives at are : 1. The prominence of the reforming and moralizing features in poetry of the two poets in the period preceding the state downfall. Those poets had a historical role via directing speeches to people of Al - Andalus in that era. Therefore, their poetry was characterized by adopting prohibition, interrogation as well as appeal styles as linguistic and technical devices to make the idea received by all people not only by a special class of people. 2. Clarity had a special presence among other technical features adopted by the two poets in the phase preceding the state downfall because reforming approach was required for those poets. Their main concern was not only affecting emotions and feelings of recipients through the music of the text but also making the text (their poetry) full of ideas and meanings that could have been written in prose and this feature was embodied in several axes including : the thematic axis in which most ideas and contents seem simple, superficial and free from any depth and do not reveal ideas and meanings in the poet's mind and his ability to portray life. Moreover, in the linguistic axis most words and structures appear in their highest levels of clarity through their pragmatic existence as well as their linguistic relation within the text. Therefore, this feature made poetic sentences close to prose ones except their special prosodic characteristics. Clarity can be considered as a positive feature if another aesthetic features are associated with it as what has been seen in poetry of some poets such as Ibn Zaidoun, Mohammad Ibn Ammar and others whose poetic language was simple, full of expressing musical rhythm and exciting technical images in addition to the clear coherence within the text.3. Some poems of Ibn Al - Labana and Ibn Hamdis before the state downfall were characterized with the prose feature or what is critically known as reportorial feature and this is due to the clarity of ideas and contents firstly and the prominence of rhetoric characteristic with its technical mechanisms including command, prohibition, interrogation and appeal secondly. Additionally, their poetry was full of pragmatically common expressions and some of which were not harmonious metrically and phonetically. All these made their poetry close to prose

اناشيد الطفولة في الـعراق1880م - 1940م : دراسة موضوعية فنية == Children's Songs in Iraq 1880 - 1940 A.D An objective and artistic study

Author name: حسيـــــن عطيـة علوان الس لطاني
Supervisor name: علي هاشم طلاب الزيرجاوي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The poetic texts that came smooth - spoken out of the mouths of children's song poets to be poured in the ears of our dear children are verily worth of studying and contemplation to explore the contents which they followed in order to nurture our young generations who are considered the basic edifice for each society in terms of spiritual nurturing and a good mentality promoting their thought when young and aiding them in old age.As a result of feeling of the importance of these children's songs for the child's taste and for winning his desire and care, the researcher opted that the topic of the thesis will be (Children's Poetry in Iraq) . But after a discussion with the supervisors and for objective reasons , it has been agreed to have the topic as (Children's Songs in Iraq : an objective and artistic study) which is a part of Children's poetry so that we could shed light on children's songs in Iraq from 1880 - 1940.,to show Iraqi people and the whole nation ,about the pure poets and religious men and feeding parents and linguistics and a group of famous Iraqi poets, for their efforts in poetry concerning national ,religious moral and scientific for new generation and giving high patron ship and pure for proud hearing and know the methods they use for targeted direction .The reason behind our stop for the year 1940 A.D is that; we shoud identify the beginning because it was unknown ,since there were no preceding theses to determind this period,to start from where it had finished,after we had deeply discussed in this thesis ,we should stop in the limit of the aspects which should be very clear,this was because this thesis is the only one in Iraq which is specialized in children's songs,and we put a beginning in the year 1880 A.D,when we calculate sources that fit the requirements for the thesis up to the year 1940 A.D,we stop to the overcoming of the different aspects , because past sixty years enriched the thesis and covered all what we need,if add other information ,there is a need for another thesis, because of the big efforts which were neglected and not studied.There are several reasons make us choose this title ,thus we seek all narrating works written concerning children's songs before weapply for postgraduate study this was the first.Secondly the necessity of revealing and showing in different theses in Iraqi and Arab universities,to know the names of those poets and their efforts in this modern literature which was mentioned previously throughout this thesisThirdly ;knowing their writings and distributions in this literature and their participation with others in editing poetic groups relating to children's songs and their efforts in this fieldFourthly ,attaching senior of the Iraqi children's poets and their verse ,they passes through this verse simply not deeply.in such that one of the famous Egyptian researchers in children's literature (Dr Ahmed Zalad ) could not distinguish the senior between (Al rusafi and Mustafa Jawad) in his thesis in children's literature)( origins, concept ,pioneers)168Fifthly ;necessity of knowing the figures of speech which Iraqi children's poets had deeply discussed and how they make benefit from these styles to serve the new generation and the effort done by each one sixth;Sheding light on the methods of using story , poetic play ,myth ,symbol..as could we get away and would they study these things in their verse during their beginning.Seventh;determine the poetic pioneering for each group pf poets and know the most important artistic criteria Eighth;Explaing the ambiguity for many researchers and university theses and distinguishing between poetry . As such, the thesis has been assigned a preface in which we have studied songsidiomatically and conventionally as well as their roots in Arabic poetry . We have traced the origination in classical Arabic poetry and the development in modern Arabic poetry, and we have discussed the viewpoints of both Iraqi and Arab scholars. We have also uncovered many views that have no tangible reality.Chapter one has been devoted to the origination of children's songs in Iraq and their development in Ottoman and British rule and upon the formation of the Iraqi state till the actual formation down to 1940.Chapter two is about the vision or objective goals where we have studied the enthusiastic, sentimental,educational,sociable,psychological and entertaining goals.Chapter three has been devoted to the technical study in which we dealt with the language of the songs, their forms and music. We have presented a detailed study regarding the musical leadership of the Iraqi poets of children's songs supporting our argument with poetic texts.The research has arrived at the following findings : 1. The people of Iraq being scholars, poets, men of letters and educators had for each of them an initiative and a minaret in the fields of poetry, literature, science, language and art in general. We havenot been motivated to assert this out of prejudice and partiality , rather we have been impressed by the facts of achievement. It has become, therefore, clear for us that they had the leadership in the children's song throughout the whole Arab world and for eighteen good years.2. The efforts of men of religion, linguists , great poets , judges and educators have been exerted to find poetry that was fit for children nurturing their tastes without exhausting them in its reading or its being hard for understanding . All this was around the last quarter of the 19th century A.D.3. Those noble prominent people forced their way to find very short , original and newly - used meters . They were preceded by none to such an extent that their poetic and musical leadership became the model for coming generations and the pole molar around which the songs evolved.4. The first category of the first generation was less varied in topics because it stressed the national, religious and moral aspect while the second category came to complete what the first overlooked. Then the second and third generations came and so on and so forth. They were more open - minded to all constructive topics , contents and noble sublime purposes.5. It has been manifested that more than twenty two works in forms of a single collection of poetry or joint collections have contained more than one hundred and fifty songs . A quarter of this effort has not been achieved by the whole Arab world even after its publication in the Arab journals and papers.6. Great linguists such as Mustafa Jawad and Islamic historians such as Mahmood Al - Mallah and Sheikh Qassim Al - Sha'ar have joined hands with great poets such as Ar - Russafi and the philosopher Az - Zahawi to produce this innovated poetry . This renders invalid the claim that children's poetry attracted only the weak and incapable poets. Rather, the converse was true.7. Reclining on some objective visions (goals) such as the enthusiastic vision in its being the love of homeland was one of the findings in the research. This also includedfeeling proud of self - esteem and the political life in Iraq and urging the people to resist colonialism.8. As far as poetic language is concerned, they laid emphasis in their poetry on war utterances which won the first place . As for the utterances of glory and pride , the word glory has been mentioned eleven times and pride eight times while other words were mentioned in less frequency.9. The poetic images for those pioneers were carefully selected in special spiritand scientifically so that it could be at the disposal of the child's taste. The poets were found to be acquainted with all forms of rhetoric devices.10. As regards the external music, the acatalectic ramalmeteroccupied the first rank followed by the acatalectic rajazandkamilrespectively,while other meters followed them. The rhymes had also similar presencewhere the nun rhyme won the first place.11. For internal music , the alliteration won the first place followed by the repetition.12. As for the methodology ( trends), they touched upon it in a transparent way. They aimed at the deliberate use of educational, social and psychological matters.13. It has become manifest that the vision of the ancient classical poet was different from the modern one according to the environment and culture for each age . The ancient poet wrote for his child while the modern poet looked at the child asan independent entity with capabilities and desires14. Accordingly and as Dr. Omar Ahmed Al - Talib has proved as regards the child's theatre and what the research has proved, the last quarter of the 19th century and specifically the year1880 was the real birth of children's literature in Iraq and the Arab homeland in general under the leadership of Iraqi children's song poets

الاخر في شعر ابن هانئ الاندلسي == The Other in the Poetry of Ibn Hani' Al - Andalusi

Author name: حسن هادي منشد
Supervisor name: ستار جبار رزيج
Specific topic: Literature
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The topic of my thesis (The Other in the Poetry of Ibn Hani' Al - Andalusi(died 362A.H)) which is one of the topics that emerged as a result of the evolution of life and its expansion . The subject of the other which is prominent these days is the most widely researched among scholars . After the expansion of the Arab ego , it began to aspire to the non - Arab other. Comparisons have been conducted between this ego and the other especially the Roman and the Persian ones.The term , therefore, has emerged as a relative changing concept; its connotations were varied : it denoted all that which was different from the self such as man in contrast to woman, Arab in contrast to non - Arab and the slave in contrast to the master.This study has dealt with the other in the poetry of Ibn Hani' Al - Andalusi. The latter has addressed the other whether hostile or friendly, agreeing or differing with that other. The image of the other has , therefore, been coloured according to the multiplicity of colours of the life of the poet who touched upon the manifestations of the hostile other since the very beginning of one's life as represented by the Omayyad other ; consequently , his sect and religious belief lead him to clash even further . He has faced the Abbasside and Persian other. It was not only this : the poet formed an image for the other different from the hostile image which is the image of the other compatible with his ego or self . The poet has crowned all this with various meanings the most conspicuous of which were the praised other , the woman and the lamented other .The poet did not stop at this point ; rather he tried to form an image for the other through his self because the cultural heritage stored by his self and which was the best aid for him in highlighting the image of the other through the technique of symbolization and mythology which have been employed to uphold the image of the praised. These mythological symbols have represented the other for the poet's self.The research have arrived at the following conclusions : 1. The images of the other in the poetry of Ibn Hani' Al - Andalusi were varied in their being human and non - human and this other may agree or disagree with the self because the self composing poetry has varied as regards acceptance and rejection and reflected the psychological aspects as represented by the ego of the poet.2. The image of the praised other has occupied a wide space of the poets product and this image has carried meanings with numerous forms which became apparent in describing the other/ the praised through epithets revealing the poet's admiration of this other and in which the other embraced the self on the one hand and a close contact and solidarity between the characteristics of the other/ the praised and its religious sect on the other. Therefore, the ego and the other the praised representing the religious faith became compatible .3. The poet depicted one of the levels of the other compatible with the ego and that depiction was the woman in contrast to man . This woman was not separated from him (the man) and the concentrations of the loved woman the other was predominant in his poems whether in his introductions or within his poems and may be a felt reality or imagination . The other depiction was of the mother as in his lamenting of J'afar's and Yahya's mother and it seemed it was an influencing factor in the ego of the poet because he saw in her the mother of which the poet was deprived throughout .4. The research has concluded that the other , the lamented has been represented by the poet through Imam Hussein( peace be upon him) : an expositions which had a dimension for the individual and the Shi'a collective ego because he has depicted the dimension of the Omayyad hostility for the Shi'a aspect of self through depicting Karbala calamity which carried a positive landmark or fingerprintsss in the poet's product , thus it was an expression of the ego or the self

الاتساق النصي في السور القرانية المستهلة باسلوبي الشرط او القسم

Author name: جبران شاطي معلك الهلالي
Supervisor name: صاحب منشد عباس الزيادي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The subject of search is (The Cohesion textuality in the surahs of the Holy Quran initiated by condition or section), and the Cohesion is the sound, lexical, and grammatical relationships and tools that appear on the the text and link the parts and unite their meaning, and is one of the seven criteria set by the Robert de - Beugrand and Dressler which supposed the text to text, and these criteria result from the modern linguistic studies in the 1980s, to bypass sentence and starting to text in linguistic analysis.The choice was some verses of the Quran, the most informed text in existence, are the verses of Quran that starts in two styles condition or section; because these verses starts with tool of cohesion tools, linking two sentences or phrases for each other.The nature of the research required to have three chapters : first chapter (Sound cohesion), and discussing four are : Quranic comma, and paronomasia, syllable parallelism, and intonation, and second chapter (Lexical cohesion), and discussing two : recurrence and the lexical accompaniments, and third chapter (Grammatical cohesion), and It is in three are : reference, ellipsis, and Conjonction. and prior to the introduction, which showed the concepts text and cohesion, and then moved to establish cohesion in some arab heritage, books and followed by a conclusion stating the most important results are : 1 - back to the Finder differencein ratios that means cohesion of precious surahs sample study, reference types, intonation, conjunetion, and tying anniversary, Quranic comma, ellipsis, and Conjonction by condition or section, the contrast, the most visible. and the examples syllable parallelism, and some kinds of paronomasia and recurrence and lexical accompaniments less than its predecessors. While scarce or no examples of antagonism recurrence, and lexical substitution.2 - Meet precious surahs texts - in often - cohesion sound tools and lexicography and grammatical, and more what unified tools consistency per the Quranic comma as a Union, and paronomasia, syllable parallelism, and intonation for example; if anything it shows deliberate expression of the Qur'an in the selection and choice of its text, which gives it high strength in cohesion, make the receiver felt by simply receiving the text.3 - Most precious surahs studied surahs makiah are more verses with limited, and to intensify the idea, and concise wording, and this required purpose which addressed this surahs, it means to confirm the oneness of Allaah, and prove the fact gathering and calculation, reward and punishment, and other things related to the origins of the faith, not the need for redundancy and detail; the Parties means consistency closer together, if not in a single verse in the verses or verses are contiguous; And convergence that makes them more coherence and interdependence, and more reveal the purpose of this surahs.4 - Tools for grammar and coherence means more control and most of the sound and lexical tools, and make sure the reference that more elements of coherence in surahs, especially conscientious, the researcher can hardly find any or devoid of conscience, or the name of the signal, or compare, or the demonstrative pronoun, and this was in all its manifestations : endophora, exophora, anaphora, cataphora, walbadet, tribal, close and distant, in varying proportions.5 - the study proved that the exophora reference transmitting the assignor to the assignee beyond text can lead to cohesion, but provided that the receiver, its cultural inventory, and with the help of the place of revelation, and the circumstances and surroundings, functioning, and so on, to determine this element through which explains the assignor, if this condition exposed the veil which was passing the assignor and consistent text, until the assignee assignor thumb removal cohesion and in difference to what some scholars of this type does not work on text, increased casting so they may be more effective in creating other types of texts to achieve a standard of harmony and the standing, as well as cohesion

الحجاج في ايات الاحكام

Author name: ثائر عمران شدهان الجنابي
Supervisor name: عايد جدوع حنون
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

الاتسا ق النصي في خطب واقعة الجمل ورسائمها

Author name: ايمان ورد غالي المشعلاوي
Supervisor name: محمود عبد حمد اللامي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This thesis his concerned with patterns of textual cohesion of a text in reference to the verbal and semantic connections. Accordingly; this cohesion has clear and particular means which represent one of the seventh criteria of a text mentioned by De Beaugrande and Dressler.Some linguistic studies and theories had been emerged in 0891s among which was the theory of textual language of the seventh criteria which called for whole text constitution rather than to individual sentences. . Texts of Al - Jemel Battle Speech and Theses have been chosen as the sample of the study. Scientific curiosity to notify the modern theory constitutes the main reason behind this study for the purpose of practical investigation. Hence these texts have their special features as being remonstrated being a part of linguistic remonstrating. As a matter of fact the study has divided into three chapters and each divided into sections. Chapter one is about the phonetic cohesion which includes three sections; rhymed prose‚ alliteration and solmization. Chapter two deals with lexical cohesion in the form of repetition and lexical compactness. Chapter three is to consider the syntactical cohesion where three sections are presented; transformation, elision and connection. All of these chapter have been preceded by an introduction and prelude where sentence and text syntax and their differences have been referred to. The subject of context and its function of textual context have also been considered. Moreover, the role of speech, speaker, listener and theirroles throughout the process of textual cohesion to the text is considered via the most related references. The study comes to the conclusion that the element of cohesion and different in their presentation, and the most influential part the sample of the study as a part of the syntactical text. In the same time; it is worth to mention that elements are quite lacking due to insufficient usage.

المرويات السردية في التذكرة الحمدونية : دراسة في الانواع والبناء == The Narrative novels in Hamdonias remembrance A case study in kinds and constructions

Author name: ماهر حميد عبد الزيادي
Supervisor name: شيماء خيري فاهم الشباني
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The Arab narrative has recently attracted the attention of Arab scholars and scholars; it is an integral part of the Arab heritage in general, which represents the identity of the nation, with its values and ideas, which have been based on different formats according to the number of writers and writers, each according to their own subjective tendencies and ideology.To the achievement of his existence through self - criticism and the other; which drew the attention of many writers, critics and scholars because of its special impact in the Arab cultural circles have tried to reveal it and removed the ambiguity on the part of the representative narratives, which arrived through the books Encyclopedic and non Here are the books of literature And the old Arabic works, they contributed to the reading and analysis of many narratives narratives and take them to the literary arena where naturalization and classification and analysis after it was forgotten, to take its place in the real lesson in Arabic, especially the narrative, because of its importance and impact in literary studies and contain many of Realistic elements derived from the everyday reality of society in general .But despite this interest from researchers, there are still many of these narratives, which were formed by meeting literary blogs that have not reached the hands of researchers yet. This is why I suggested to my professor, Dr. Shaima Khairi, a topic in this context. The choice was made for (the narrated narratives in the Hamdooni ticket - a study of species and construction) to be the subject of my message .This is what led us to read the narrative narratives in the book of the ticket and read the analysis of the structural analysis based on the interpretation that was found in order to explain the existence ( 1 ) , which we found an integral part of the narrative fabric of narrative narratives, and whether the historical narrative is a way to deliver knowledge, or Which tries to portray social reality in all its dimensions. The purpose of this study is to reveal the literary genres and their literary characteristics, and to study them according to the structural approach, especially the structural. See : Presence, Time and Narration - Paul Ricour's Philosophy : 31 ( 1 )AbstractBstructure, which, with the benefit of other modern monetary methods The statistical method used by the researcher to explain how Ibn Hamdoun used his narrative narratives to employ literature after revealing the extent of the large disparity between the types of each species. This indicates his literary orientations (Monetary), which enabled us to reveal the literary system in the Code of Hamdonia, which sees the search that they are cohesive cultural relations, it was one of the treasures of the ancient Arab heritage; because of the value of literary and monetaryThus, the nature of the study necessitated the division of the research into three chapters, preceded by an introduction and an introduction. The portal was devoted to showing the overlap of the literary genres and the difference between sex and gender.The first chapter deals with the study of narratives and types of narratives, after it was divided into four sections. The first of them concerned the genus of the news and its origin, and it was based on seven axes that dealt with the types of news contained in the book of the ticket such as literary, We have tried to distinguish between the new species according to the structural modulations of each type, after identifying their species and classifying their types. The second topic : We followed the rare species with a statement The boundaries between them and the news depending on the number of features that belong to each gender, and was on four axes, where we discussed the types of sex rare as they appear in the ticket where the different types (social, political, religious, and nationality), with a statement in these types of And the third topic : it came on the seven axes we touched on the gander of the story and its various types was talk about (literary story, interpretation, historical, comic, and imaginary (strange) and imaginary (Wonder) and predictive (sleep), and the fourth and last He was interested in paradise Other narratives are particularly gander established and the literature of the journeyAfter this was done, the researcher moved in the second chapter : to study the components of the narrative configuration to discuss how the formation of these narratives of the narrative, with a statement of the difference between the components of narrative formation, and elementsAbstractCof narrative construction, came on four questions also, And the other components, such as the initiation which came in the second subject, while the third topic : interested in the formation of poetry and its role in the construction of narcotic narratives, and the fourth topic : I have concluded the conclusion. We have attempted in this four detective to reveal the role of each component depending on the nature of narrative formation and the role it performs within the narrative text .As for the third and last chapter, he focused briefly on the study of the elements of narrative construction, and he had to be on four topics as well. The first topic dealt with the event and the method of its construction in all the narrators. , After which comes the third topic : which was the share of time after we tried to go back where the past and read it in order to understand the social reality and the conflicts in order to exist, The fourth topic : was focused on studying the place and types contained in the ticket, Its role in additionto other elements in building For the narrators of the narrative .Thus, by analyzing all narrative narratives, the researcher was able to expose the social reality and what was happening in it to the exclusion and marginalization of its members who do not have the ability to confront the authority and its authoritarian regime. This clearly shows us the interest of Ibn Hamdoun in the issues of society and what he suffered after He tried hard to find the appropriate solutions to her, in different literary ways and disadvantages represented in his literary output, which reached us in the form of a literary code that is marked by a Hamdonian reminder, from here we can discern the relationship of literature to society.Then the study concluded with the most important results reached by the researcher after studying the descriptive levels and types in the book Hamdronia ticket.Here we must mention several things : 1 - This study must have been recognized thanks to the previous studies of the book of the ticket Hamdonia, which are three only, and the first is entitled : (literary and monetary value in the book Hamdonia - descriptive study, researcher (Marilyn Awad Allah), and the second came under the title The first one was about the life of the writer and the nature of hisAbstractDwriting of the book of the ticket. The researcher presented a general description of the book with an indication of the sources of the writer, as well as Dara His life and his effects with Statement of causes and motives of authorship. While the second study talked about the rare sources, and its relation to the doors of the other books, as well as the study of the nature of the formation of rare as long and short and others, as well as studying the language and style with reference to the life of the writer. As for the last study, the researcher focused on the nature of the method followed by Ibn Hamdoun in his writing of the book, and soon went to the statement of the manifestations of the pilgrims in all the prose texts. In addition, the study, entitled "The Book of the Literary Ticket, A Study in the Methodology and Monetary Phenomena", was presented tothe researcher Marwa Abdul Khaleq. The researcher presented Ibn Hamdoun's curriculum in his book after she gave us a nearly complete description of the chapters and chapters of the book.This led us to dispense with the study of the life of the writer and the nature of his method of writing in addition to the reasons and motives that were previously included in the introduction to his book.2 - This study focused on the study of literary species under four literary genres represented the main pillars of the book of the ticket, after we have taken a lot of standard criteria for study, namely : (news, and rare, and the story, and the establishment, and the literature of the trip), with the presence of other races came scattered In the whole book, such as speeches, debates, letters, and correspondence, sermons can not be studied in narrative. They lack many of the narrative elements, as well as their basic purpose, which is the purpose of the sermon. The other three races did not constitute a prominent feature in the book of the ticket can be studied in a particular subject, it came in a few percentages can not be studied.3 - We did not translate the names of the flags mentioned in the letter; for two reasons, one : the fame of these characters and the knowledge of the recipient of the most, and the second : is the large number of these characters was the translation to them to weigh the margins and increase the many.

المراة في ادب ميسلون هادي الروائي : دراسة في الانساق الثقافية

Author name: حميد عبيد جبار العسكري
Supervisor name: فوزية لعيوش غازي الجابري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The world of novelist Michelle Hadi is crowded with women, and this remarkable presence of woman is a phenomenon that has imposed itself on the literary scene. It was the reason for the study to follow the writer's novelist output, to examine the images of woman in it and to show her suffering, concerns and conflict. The study examines women's literature in the literature of women's conflict with the continent's cultural patterns for the purpose of self - affirmation and the realization of women's identity. In Cultural Patterns, the study sought to trace the novels of the writer from the first novel (The fatal mistake, 1/1/1992 to the last novel by Jano Ant Hakayti, I, 2017). The study adopted the method of cultural analysis. Cultural analysis focuses on understanding the literary textwithin its historical context, not as a historical document but rather as an aesthetic and formative structure. It follows the narrative phenomena and returns them to the components With the use of interpretive on the embedded patterns and their connection to the cultural product. The study came in three chapters preceded by an introduction and a preface entitled (Woman is a topic in the Iraqi women's novel), which touched on a series of novels that dealt with the status of woman as champions and studied issues related to woman. The first topic is a conflict with masculinity, which is divided into two axes : First, undermining woman and addressing two issues : marginalization of woman and defamation of woman. The second section deals with the conflict of self, the internal struggle of woman (psychological), while the third topic deals with the conflict with cultural references, customs and traditions. The second chapter deals with (the types of dominance of woman in the narrative text ) and this presence represented images produced by the texts studied The study focused on three images and found them are the most prominent among the rest of the images, making three of them dealt with the first section of educated woman and movement in the community, which was limited to the view that the body without a mind, and studied the multiple images of educated women to show the error of male culture in this aspect, And me The second topic is the mother woman and her role in the family. The mother's image emerged in a number of novels after the division of the subject into the real mother and the alternative mother. In the third chapter, entitled Women and Critical Issues, the chapter tackled the relationship of women to fateful issues (war, religion, homeland), in which three subjects studied woman and war; The third topic deals with the woman's relationship to the place where she lives, and the subject will be long at the narrative place represented by the country. The study concluded with the most thank my mentor Dr. Fawzia Laius Ghazi Al - Jabri for her acceptance of the supervision of my letter, and for her sincere and honest effort. I was overwhelmed by her knowledge and thanks. She presented me with the summary of her experience in the criticism of the novel through her valuable monetary observations. If it were not for this work, she has all the thanks and gratitude

الرسائل الشعرية عند احمد شوقي : دراسة موضوعية فنية == The poetic Messages of Ahmed Shawqi A technical - Subjective Study

Author name: فردوس نعيم عبد الحسين الظالمي
Supervisor name: وليد شاكر نعاس الرفاعي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The research is specialized to study the poetic messages of Ahmed Shawqi by analyzing and artistic - subjective study. The main aim is to consider the value of these messages and their qualities in reference to the rest of his poetry as well as to determine the rate of innovation and creativity of their purposes, recipients and the level of reflection to Shawqi’s time and environment where he lived and transferred throughout various locations that had a great influence upon his messages. Accordingly, each stage had its own special messages to express the fact of these messages. The study is built on an introduction to review previous studies to be followed by a prelude including the general meaning of the message as well as the particular meaning of that poetic message together with the concepts of symbol, date of issue, motivation, criterion, condition and types. The subjective study is to be followed into two chapters. The first is the messages of the social occasion and Brotherhood to be presented into three parts i.e. the messages of Condolence and lamentation, the messages of Congratulations and finally the less common messages of Home Nostalgia, caresses, apology and thanks.In reference to the second chapter, it is worth to mention that the idea of classicality and creativity is highly investigated into three parts i.e. the messages of wisdom performed by animals, the messages of wisdom that intertwined between the poem and the independent wisdom, and finally the messages of social affairs. The third chapter includes studying of artistic image such as analog, patronymic and symbolic.The poetic language has been investigated in chapter four which consists of two parts; the first deals with articulation whilst the second deals with syntheses.Finally, it is to demonstrate the main achieved results to be followed by references and bibliographies

اسس المعــجــــم القـــــرانـــــي والياتـــــه في كتب معاني القران حتى نهاية القرن الرابع الهجري == Fundamentals and Mechanisms Of Quranic Lexicon in the Books Of Quran lnterpretation Until the End of the Fourth Century Hijri

Author name: زينب خليل عطية
Supervisor name: علي فرحان جواد
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

التوجيه الصوتي للقراءات القرانية عند السمين ت 756 هـ في كتابه عمدة الحفاظ في تفسير اشرف الالفاظ

Author name: احمد هادي جاسم
Supervisor name: احمد حسين عبد السادة
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Quranic readings are considered to be one of the most important sciences due to the fact that the sciences have so many subjects and distinguished by its researches and issues. The subjects of Quranic readings are from Quran and the ways of its performance .Al - Sameen Al - Halabi was a famous figure in the linguistic and interpretation heritage. He is one of our scientists, who left a great heritage to be benefited by the scholars after his death. He was a linguist, interpreter, and prominent grammarian due to his two great books that are considered to be his most famous ones.The researcher’s thesis is (Sounds Directions of the Quranic Readings in Al - Sameen Al - Halabi's The Basis of Conservation in Interpreting the most honourable Words) . It is chosen by the researcher for some reasons : Joining between Quranic readings and Al - Sameen Al - Halabi, the researcher claims that those who have written about Al - Halabi did not cover the search about morphological direction and when reading the book, he or she will feel that Halabi is a great linguist in Arabic language and has a deep sight.The paper has three chapters preceded by brief preface followed by brief conclusion. The preface has Halabi’s perspective ofBQuranic readings and his methodology in directing it. Chapter one includes replacement in vowels and voiceless sounds. This chapter also includes two parts : the first one is replacement in vowel sounds and joins the replacement of the sound (al - dhad to al - sad and vice versa), the sound ( al - ghain to al - ain), the sound (al - qaf to al - fah), the sound (al - bah to al - tah), the sound (al - sad to al - seen), (al - bah to al - thah), the sound (al - hah to al - jeem), and the sound (al - thal to al - dal). The second is the vowel sounds which joins replacement (al - fatha to al - kasera),(al - dham to al - fatha), (al - kasera to al - dham), (al - dham to al - fatha), (al - fatha to al - kasera) and (al - fatha to al - dham). Chapter two is about weighting and mitigation. It also includes two parts : the first one is weighting and joining it to vowel and voiceless vowels and the second is mitigation and joining it to vowel and voiceless sounds. Chapter three is about al - hamza and its facilities. Also, it has two parts : the first one is achieving al - hamza, obligatory, optional hamza and exceptional hamza and the second tackles facilitating al - hamza and facilitating al - hamza by deleting. The paper ends with a conclusion that sums up the findings.The researcher has faced some difficulties such as difficulty in phonological direction sometimes, not all Halabi’s readings are directed phonologically that is why the researcher

المركز والهامش في الرواية النسوية العراقية 2003 - 2010 == Center and margin in the Iraqi feminist novel 2003 - 2010

Author name: ابتهال كاظم احمد الطائي
Supervisor name: فوزية لعيوش غازي الجابري
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:

العلاقات العثمانية - النمساوية 1526 - 1606 : دراسة تاريخية == Ottoman - Austrian Relations 1526 - 1606 Historical Study

Author name: باسم كسار كظم وادي البركات
Supervisor name: متعب خلف جابر الريشاوي
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: This study examined the relations of the Ottoman - Austrian from 1526 to 1606 and is an important period at the level of relations between the two countries, Ottoman Empire took a period of time suited to its geographic area, which was virtually the largest and longest in the history of nations and empires, reaching an area, which is at its highest power and expansion, over fourteen million square kilometer. It was brought to the attention of the world politically and religiously, when the sixteenth century witnessed a lot of events and developments, it was pivotal century, as witnessed very large shifts and adjustments at all levels and known as a century of military confrontations between the various parties, including the conflict and wars between the Ottoman Empire and Austria, which was part of the war relations between East and West, it was no doubt a century of huge transformations in political systems and direct contacts and missions between the limbs across the Mediterranean Sea and it was also a century of situational alliances and urgent benefits, therefore it was impossible to separate politics from religion, and in particular, what related to file conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the European powers, it was the Renaissance and the Reformation, and the geographical explorations and colonies spread all over the world. The reason for choosing the topic of Ottoman - Austrian relations from 1526 to1606, was Austria's significant role in standing in front of the largest empire in the world to reach to the heart of Europe and controlled it, so Austria stood bulwark in facing Ottoman policy and its progress towards the West, as well as the fact that that period was important for the age of the Ottoman Empire in particular and history in general when it lived in its strengths. To cover these events and developments between the Ottoman Empire and the Austrian this study is divided into the introduction ,four chapters ,a conclusion and summary in English, and the first chapter discusses the relations of the Ottoman - Austrian for the period 1526 - 1566 AD period of the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, and this period represents summit relations in the military side between the two countries and Hungary and controlling it, was the main conflict in the battle of Mohacs in 1526 AD and followed by crawling toward the capital of Austria and siege in 1529 AD, this conflict between the two countries over Hungary coincided with the movement of religious reform that appeared in Europe, which weakened the Europeans to stand in front of the Ottomans and prepare for the opportunity to Ottoman to control many areas of European, but that, this period was not devoid of diplomacy between the two countries, which culminated in establishing several treaties during this period.The first was in 1533, and the Safavid threatened to the Ottomans Eastern Front had the impact in signing the peace treaty between the Ottomans and Austria, That treaty did not put an end to the hostilities attacks between the two sides, and raids on Hungary continued, and ended with the second Treaty in 1547. In spite of holding the treaty but hostilities continued on the border between the two countries till the death of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in 1566, and the second chapter represents the Ottoman - Austrian relations for the period 1566 to 1578 AD which was culminated in the reconciliation Treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Austria in 1568, and the Ottoman Emirate campaign on Astrakhan, which was under the Russian control during the reign of Ivan IV, but the campaign failed without controlling the Emirate, while an important event appeared during this period between the East and the West, it was the Crusader alliance, which was formed by Pope Pius V and Habsburg Empire and Venice, according to the Ottoman attack and occupation of Cyprus in 1570, culminated in the NATO victory EU on the Ottomans at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, which was the most famous war for the defeat of the Ottomans during the sixteenth century, as Chapter III confirmed Ottoman - Alhabsburgah relations (1578 - 1593) AD, which includes Ottoman - English convergence who appeared during this period, because of its impact on the Habsburg joint collaboration between the Ottomans and England in the hit Habsburg Catholics through military support to the Protestants who formed the strength to stand in front of the emperors of Habsburg in all regions of the Romania holy empire, as focused on the axis of an important issue during this period that had occupied the throne of the Polish European circles during the second half of the sixteenth century, and entered into the competition between Austria, Ottomans and Russia. The fourth chapter has dealt with the Ottoman - Alhabsburgah long war in the Balkans (1593 - 1606) AD. In which Europeans showed two important aspects. The first was the principle of the alliance between Aldanobia Emirates and their alliance with the Emperor of Austria, and the second is the development of the military side of the Europeans, which enabled them to the rhythm of several military defeats the Ottomans, at a time when the Ottoman Empire lived in turmoil and chaos as a result of internal rebellions taking place in some regions and Affiliates, in addition to the Safavid threat which began to threaten the eastern front. The result of this has made Ottoman Empire occur in war on two fronts. So it was eventually forced to sign the treaty peace between the Ottoman Empire and Austria and it was named Stafatourk peace in 1606 AD, which showed through its provisions the weakness that appeared on the Ottoman Empire during the early seventeenth century through the provision of dangerous concessions at various levels, made it represents the beginning of the collapse of the Ottoman stature and strength in Europe. At the end of the research we reach the conclusion that the Ottoman Empire at the end of the sixteenth century began vulnerable than it was in the beginning of the century after it reached the maximum of its glory and greatness, while Austria began to develop its military operations as a result of the development in its military capabilities, so that enabled it to repel many Ottoman attacks and made them give big losses. In the end we can say that the beginning of the seventeenth century saw the emergence of many great empires, including the empire of Austria, which became comparable to the Ottoman Empire in all parts of the world
Summary:
References:

صناعة الغوص : الغوص وراء اللؤلؤ في الساحل العماني (1820 - 1929) : دراسة تاريخية == The Industry Of Diving : Diving For The Sake Of Pearls In The Omani Shore ( 1820 - 1929) A Historical Study

Author name: محمد حموز لفتة الحجيمي
Supervisor name: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Many researchers and historians have studied the history of the Arab Gulf in general and the history of the Omani Shore ( The United Arab Emirates ) in special , but they in their study concentrate on the political aspects especially in recent times because of the appearance of oil and the area has entered a new stage with the European compete , Many of these political and social aspects need further study and inspection especially in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century especially if they are studied each alone. This was the motivation to choose this subject. The industry of diving ( Diving for the sake of Pearls in the Omani Shore 1820 - 1929 ) , in this stage , many economical and political changes had taken place in this part of the Arab Gulf , The Emirates of the Omani Shore. The study has specified the period of ( 1820 - 1929 ) because the first date represented the agreement between Britain and the Emirates of the Omani Shore and its arrangements as the observance of quietness and stableness , also Britain had imposed its control on the economical activity of Arabs which is represented by trade because it tied the movement of their trade fleets by inspection once and by observance second , also Arabs were prevented from building big trade ships. As a result , people of the Omani Shore had to depend on another economical activities for the sake of living , so they turns to diving for the sake of pearls because it is the most important economical activity after trade. This thesis contained an introduction , a preface of the subject , four chapters and a conclusion. In the preface , the researcher has explained the importance of pearls in the economy of the Arab Gulf in general and showed its role in directing the European forces to control it because of its great role in the economy of the people of the Arab Gulf reaching the beginning of period of the research. The first chapter had studied the basic elements of diving for the sake of pearls , the researcher studied the natural , social and economical elements and showed its role in diving because of its clear effect on the activity of people. Also the researcher studied the industry of ships and their kinds because of their relation with the process of diving , in addition to the labors because they are the vital role in the industry of diving in addition to the industry of diving tools because they are the main way to achieve the work. The second chapter studied the process of taking pearls out in the Omani Shore. In it , the researcher studied the organizing and using pearls submarines and the other preparations for diving in addition to the financing of the diving voyage because it depends on the borrowed capital and specifying the diving seasons because of the period of time in which the sailors move to the submarines also the risks which face the divers and the dividing of the interests on the staff of the diving ship and the social effects of diving because it represents a conflict between Man and the environment around him. The third chapter studied the trade of pearls. The researcher discussed the development of the trade in the Arab Gulf and its reflects on the Omani Shore , also the markets of pearls were discussed because they are the last stage to achieve the work of the sailors to get benefits. The researcher talked about the merchants who are working in pearls trade whether Arabs or foreigners and their role and abilities in trade were clarified. The effect of trade on the social life also the researcher tried to give a clear picture of the economical value of pearls and their effect on the economical side. The fourth chapter discussed the political issues concerning the pearls submarines and their effects on the social and economical life. The tribal conflicts were discussed especially the conflict between Bany Yas and Al - Quasim which had a clear effect on the economical life , in addition to the escape of divers and clarifying its effect in making troubles among the Emirates. Also the political international issues concerning the pearls and the opinion of Britain of them because it is responsible of the security of the Emirates of the Omani Shore by holding the agreements and Al - Mania was the most important one , in addition to the depression of pearls trade explaining the most important reasons of it. The study had showed that the people of the Omani Shore who are working in diving for the sake of pearls were characterized with patience , courage and facing difficulties , and the diving system depends on indebtedness. This thing made merchants exploit divers by lending them money with a great interest which they couldn’t pay in the season of diving. Also this study had showed the importance of the location of the Omani Shore because it made its harbors as markets and trade centers and the ships came to it from different places. The European travelers had showed during their visits for these harbors the trading importance and this was a reason to attract the attention of the European forces. The rulers of the Omani Shore had depended during their reign on their personalities and fortunes whom they got from taxes imposed on the divers , sailors and diving ships in addition to financing the diving voyage. They had a great role in developing their Emirates and strengthen the economical activity throughout the trading prerogative and because of this fact , Dubai had appeared as the biggest trading harbor on the shore after the weakness of Al - Shariqa harbor and the disappearance of Lanja harbor. This study had showed also the foreign merchants had controlled the local markets especially the Indian and Persian merchants as they were controlling the prices of the pearls and the Sheiks did nothing to prevent them. On the contrary , they had gained prerogatives from those Sheiks and this was the reason why they directly controlled the economy of the shore and this leads to the deprivation of many of the people from working. Because of the importance of diving for the sake of pearls and its effects on the economy of the Omani Shore , people agreed to stop the military operations for four months during the big season of diving.
Summary:

امير اسد الله علم ودوره السياسي في ايران 1962 - 1977 : دراسة تاريخية == Amir Asadullah Alam And His Political Role In Iran, 1962 - 1977 )Historical Study)

Author name: فهد سوادي فهد الزيادي
Supervisor name: نعيم جاسم محمد
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: Amir Asadullah Alam is considered an important modern Iranian political figure. He was different from his contemporary politicians by his close and special relationship with Shah Mohammad Riza Behlavi who trusted him with his various secrets and made himenjoy advantages unattainable by others on account of the background in which he lived and his family's intimacy with Shah Mohammad Riza Behlavi's family.Amir Asadullah took up many ministries and administrative posts since 1944 when he held the position of Minister of Agriculture in Mohammad Saeed Muragheh's cabinet. When the cabinet resigned, he worked as an inspector at the Ministry of Interior and thus he was changing government posts until 1957 when he was entrusted by the Shah to form a new political part named Murdam i.e. People party to constitute a line of formal opposition to the Shah's regime and lend a democratic character to his rule and politics. Accordingly, Amir Asadullah worked on forming and organizing such party and presided it till 1962. On July 19th 1962, Amir Asadullah Alam was entrusted with forming a cabinet replacing Amini's. His cabinet continued working till March 7th 1964. During that period, Iran witnessed political and economic developments as a result of applying the articles of economic reforms (White Revolution) and the political developments accompanying them are represented by the rejection and violence wave for those reforms by a big section of the Iranian people, especially clergymen.After the resigning of Amir Asadullah Alam's cabinet on March 7th 1964, he was ordered by Shah Mohammad Riza Behlavi to hold the post as a chancellor of Behlavi University in Shiraz. He was the chancellor of the university till his resign in 1977 because of his having cancer. He died in 1978. When he was holding the Ministry of Royal Court, he had significant attitudes towards local and foreign policies at that time
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وزارة التربية العراقية : دراسة في تطور الهيكل الاداري والتنظيمي 1968 - 1979 == Iraqi Ministry Of Education Study In The Development Of Administrative And Organizing From Work 1968 - 1979

Author name: عدنان عبد الحسين حمد الحسيني
Supervisor name: نعيم جاسم محمد
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: After changing of the political system of Iraq in the 17th of July,1968 they tried to return back forming the educational aims for the administrative and educational organization in Iraq and one of most prominent aim is forming aboard for educational planning in 1969 and constructing educational committees for studying the reality of education in different stages, and with the help of other ministries. The government contributed by holding study cycles for treating problems which encounter the administrative organization. One of the cycles is the study that ensured on putting plan for generalizing primary education 1971. In the shed of that importance, the ministry of education considers one of the miseries and government institutes that has different takes and responsibilities which are educational and administrative. It contributed in solving many problems. The Education Ministry wanted to supply the administrative staffs with efficient employees which made them use many scientific person to raise the level of the administrative staffs by opening sessions yearly in administration accounts, storehouse. The ministry started early in developing the administrative staff through studies that aim to create the good way for solving problems that encounter administration. help connection and also scientific help with other Arab and foreign countries and international educated organization and introducing finance for these countries and supplying them with teachers to fill the defeat in their numbers, Also the ministry contributed in changing the study curricula and increasing the agricultural exchanging between the countries. The administrative side made affect in supporting the Iraqi economy through efforts that the ministry introduced them disposing of un education through overall international campaigns which made facilities for finding professional experiences for raising the productive and economic level for Iraqi workers. educated administration through the strong connection with the political side and putting laws and organizations and decisions that contributed in disposing of doubly in the school through constructing many school in the city centers and countryside and disposing of the problems of decreasing in preparation of teachers the ministry supplied many Arab countries with Iraqi efficient teachers and dealing with the problems of teaching in the countryside, The ministry prepared the plans and programs during 1968 - 1979 to achieve the required scientific level. In the administration , the ministry did many changes in administration and curriculum through making rules and decisions according to philosophy of new system. One of these rules the law of education ministry number (124)in 1971 and the system of ministry number (13) in 1972 which limited the administrative hierarchy for the ministry and it contributed in finding new departments are different in their work of what was in the previous system.
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قبائل البختيارية ودورها السياسي في ايران (1896 - 1918) : دراسة تاريخية == Bakhtiari Tribes And Political Role In Iran (1896 - 1918) Historical Study

Author name: عبد الله كريم كاظم الموسوي
Supervisor name: حسين كامل جابر الشاهر
General topic: History
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: The Bakhtiari tribe of Iran's major tribes, which are endemic in the southwestern part of Iran, which is ruled by a group of tribal khans, and in spite of the multiplicity of theories about their origins, but they are indigenous Iranian descent back to the ancient Sasanian assets.This tribe has been characterized by a social and political distinguishes itself from the rest of the Iranian tribes, the tribe divided on two main branches (Haft Link) and (Chahar Link). There are many opinions about the reasons for this division and the reason for naming each section, but the nearest of these views to the truth is the opinion which explains why the division on the basis of the division of dues tax on each after the approval of the tax system in the Safavid period, so these terms are terms Dhara?baan survival of Safavid.Even after the Safavid and Alafshari and ulnar there are no unified leadership of the Bouktiarien were all from (Alhvt Link) and (Aljhar Link) and even denominations Bakhtiari sporadic Other all her leadership and leadership autonomous from the other, has been senior leaders Alboukttiar cheerleaders title (AQA) or (Beck) or (blades Sefid) white beard or (Amir) the use of the title (Khan) does not seem clear in the tribe Bakhtiari, it does not support the sources and historical documents and having the title of Khan at the Bakhtiari until the beginning of the ulnar, and it seems that the use of this title began during the rule of State ulnar and beyond.In the second half of the nineteenth century succeeded Alboukttiar in uniting the tribe and the creation of a united political system within the tribe Bakhtiari knew (the system Alaala) when it enables Hussein fried Khan from extending its authority and influence on all denominations Alboukttiar in practice and on the impact of this order was issued by Royal by Nasir al - Din Shah in 1867 his appointment and recognition (Aakhani) Per Alboukttiar and officially inaugurated by the central government, and from a political standpoint, the Alaakhan authority as commander in chief of Bakhtiar had begun with the reign of Hussein Khan fried. Under this new system has become the central reference Bakhtiar managed by an administrative body within the self of the men of the tribe. This can be considered the beginning of crystallization Testament system of social and political official Bakhtiari tribes.After the arrival of Hussein frying Khan to power in the ruling tribe Bakhtiari and Neil title Alaakhan in an official capacity of the government, he got to his brothers on the positions of government since he became his brother in front of frying Khan Aellbeca tribe Bakhtiari any assistant Aakhani and his brother, the second satisfaction frying Khan, governor of Chahar Mahal, and the government continued these brothers strong and united in the life of frying Hussain Khan.In 1883 the killing of Hussein frying Khan at the hands under the Sultan and the order of Nasir al - Din Shah, subsequently lived tribes Bakhtiari more internal conflicts about power and the sharing of property, especially that these brothers three excelled in abundance sons, there are now a number of personalities Bakhtiari eligible for leadership. Fastglet these conflicts by the royal court, which was seeking to fold the rising power of the tribes feared the risk of threat to the central government, Accordingly, the split of the ruling family Bakhtiari into three wings, wing family Alaakhan slain (Hussein frying Khan) became known pavilion Alaakhani, Suite family Alaakhan new (before frying Khan), where he went to the pilgrimage became known as a stand - Haj Aakhani, Suite family Alaellbec new (satisfaction frying Khan) became known to always stand Alaellbec.It was the geographical location of the tribes of the Bakhtiari in the middle of the south Iranian great importance as it brought her this site the attention of the major powers, especially Britain Her great influence in southern Iran, especially after obtaining the large concessions in the region, including the establishment by trade caravans that connects Ahvaz, Isfahan across the land Bakhtiari , which is an extension of the privilege of freedom of navigation on the River Karun, who got it from Britain, the Iranian government in 1888, as well as oil exploration concession obtained by Darcy in 1901, Has led for the UK on these privileges and the discovery of oil in Masjed Soleyman in 1908 to establish formal relations between Britain and Albouktiarien lasted until the late Prince Qajarite, was the conclusion of several economic agreements between the two sides, starting from the Convention on the caravan route business in 1898, which was held between the company (Brotherhood Laing) and the Bakhtiari Khans, The paved this agreement the way to get in contact and convergence between the two parties, which were not his precedent before, and despite the signing of this agreement was acause to strengthen convergence and relationships but still unofficial, that those relationships took shape official after the signing of the oil agreement between the two parties in 1905, since then has become an official full.Has helped these agreements Alboukttiar to achieve the wealth of great economic and political center influential, led them later to participate in national events, especially events of the Constitutional Movement and the consequent later events, although the tribe Bakhtiari was governed mainly by boxes known are mainly Bserthm authoritarian, but they sided with the constitutional and initiated into the uprising and turned to Tehran to participate in the control and dropping Mohammad Ali Shah, Hence the establishment of constitutional government on the ruins of the Shah's government authoritarian, and was doing this they had moved them from being the strength of local influential in their tribal and around the neighborhood that become a central force at the national level, have their primary role at the level of administration of the country and its government, which come before them a lot of opportunities to improve the economic and political fields.The total Alboukttiar of power and political influence so that they became governors of several states Iran's major and assumed several ministries, because since the formation of the first constitutional government took Sardar Asad as interior minister and defense minister, also arrived brother Smassam Sultanate to become prime minister (1911 - 1913).During this period carried Alboukttiar by virtue of their opposition to the political life of many of the tasks of national, because they had the greatest role in responding to the movement of Muhammad Ali antimatter in the attempt to restore the throne in 1911 and, as well as their role in eliminating the insurgency Salar state and gouge Chavth in 1913.When World War broke out the first (1914 - 1918) and the arrival of fire into Iranian territory, varied positions Khans Bakhtiari and was overwhelmed by a lot of ambiguity and duplication over the powers warring, Valkhanat young men who had the desire to achieve political ambitions and wide and stood to the side of Germany and its allies, while stopping Khans adults by virtue of their relationship with Britain to the old side of the Allies.It is worth mentioning that the center of political and power that possessed Alboukttiar after their participation in the constitutionalmovement continued until after the years of World War I until the arrival of Reza Shah to power, as it strengthened the central authority in his reign and follow the policy of weakening the clans and the reduction of the threat to the central government.
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الطبيعة في شعر مكفوفي العصر العباسي == The Nature In The Poetry Of Blind Poets Of Al Abbassi Era

Author name: وسن حسين غيث الظالمي
Supervisor name: عامر صلال الحسناوي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: After a long journey, joyful and fun with blind people in the world of nature we looking forward now to see the results of this trip and we review the most important thing we came up with : The psychological factor has played an important role and essential in the orientation of the blind toward nature in which he found a safe haven, to escape from the community was a hostile environment for him. Multiple cognitive and cultural resources for poet blind, provided him confounded cognitively culturally Thera, had the largest share of this stockpiling return to the product of poets sighted; since found a blind wellspring Bmaanyh and his words that cemented in his mind and filled the depths of his soul, he took draws, including wills him meanings and images of nature, and which appeared excellence where Bashar and Maari, as he leaned on the language inherited by coming in in language daily - the first sources of culture blind cognitive - represented by parables, and he has brought the blind signals Koran which carried descriptions of nature, and who help him in drawing pictures descriptive, as well as tributary ideals and goes, and tributary to read and see, and found the researcher's role Zip historical and legendary in the poetry of nature; since summoned the poet blind symbols of personalities historical, and legends belong to nature, and had Me'ri a distinct presence in calling these symbols; indicating the depth of the culture, and intellectual maturity. Entered the nature formative element in the formation of the poetic image when the blind poet, and stirred his imagination and Ncttha, and expanded its horizons, and become rich Balchbhet drawn pictures and images which reflect the different fertile imagination. Description of nature, like the blind poet of poets sighted, and in the collection and described between tradition and innovation, and came a picture of nature is often mixed with the rest of the purposes of poetry, and rarely came in the form of separate pieces. Occupied the descriptions of the camel and horse center stage in systems poets blind departing from the benefits of those animals Fmdoa statement descriptions, forms, and colors - for Khil - , while the rest of the animals was calling the poet blind her for the purposes of spinning or praise or lamentation or spelling - including awarded the horizon simulator or prepared him, including his expressive many of the tributaries - and not for the description itself only rarely. More poets blind from the description of the bird in the animated nature, focusing primarily base on their voices and a private bathroom, which interpreted his voice according to the psyche, it was happy two thousand in his voice twitter and vocals, and was sad like his voice has a scar and crying, while such Algrab - code Banshee - in most images guide fences and separation. Most of the descriptions of the plant came overlapping with other purposes poetic when poets are blind, and Mbthoth within them, and rarely pure Maogdna description of the plant, which was of the tribe of Ben Altaaoive where the largest share outstanding on the rest of his companions in this area. Suffered the blind poet of the length of the night to move around a fixed Vleilh With regard to the lexicon industrial nature, has described the poet blind ships relying on a picture ship descriptions of camels and horses, aided in completing his portrait of poetry this much of the descriptions of the desert, and the poet in all of this compares between his ship and the camel, and how she does not feel defrauding a sailing the river, and had superiority to Bashar and dad Hes in this area, have also been blind to describe the depths of the buildings as well as exposure to mention dilapidated homes, fully demonstrating the superiority of the blind poet blind in this area because it excelled in the accuracy of the description. In the field of industrial tools Hafez arms in the Abbasid era to the status they had since the pre - Islamic era, received the sword replaced the lead of offensive weapons in the abundance of material noodles contained when the blind, has mastered in accurately described as male parts, and its industry, and its qualities, and its impact on resolving the bout, and replaced swords and Indian Mishrefeh replace a head start and progress on the other, followed by a spear, shield, which then accounted for Maari as among his peers, while not share and bow attend impressively between several blind war. I have to stop the blind poet to describe tools lighting of candles and lanterns taking of forms and qualities to express what it feels are suggestive art. Pervaded the poetry of the blind as winery Fathdthoa for undimmed and serenity pictures of visual spectacular grabbing the receiver to the beauty of the formulation and the magnificence of their descriptions, Vngnoa paid to the concerns, Margen on the color and characteristics, as well as the value of psychological Altnafisah, and was distinguished for Bashar in the field description winery and tools drinking. Drawing poet blind pictures of scenes of the desert through his trips to the land of acclaimed mediated camel, described and its share and walk in the tread rugged, noting the rigors of travel and the difficulty faced by them in order to reach acclaimed, for a lot of tender first, then to boast Pfrossith II; being prowling float lonesome and alone. It was a blind poet pause on the ruins of the fees and what they contain and landmarks, Vahtam out, and absorbed a lot of the traditional meanings mentioned by the poets sighted, he asked and complained and cried and pictures of homes and the effects of their charges and the impact of rain and wind on them. Deliberately poet blind to the coloring of his paintings of poetry, the desire to keep up with the sighted was adopted in image color on the covenantal audio and especially the poet, the blind, who could not give a true picture of the color of a given, but he was able to give indications of the colors by his concept to her, and it was white checkered and black are the most presence of the rest of the colors, perhaps due in to the psychological impact of these colors in the lives of the blind, being in permanent conflict with the light in the shadow of darkness eternal imposed equally upon, and as usual it was the largest share in these pictures colorimetric Bashar and Maari who Tfoqa - Godh - frequent and even on other newly blind. The auditory sense is most present in the poetry of nature, followed by olfactory, and tactile, Valdhuqah. Taking freelancing senses dimension poetic special when the poet blind making of images and compositions phones in the poetry of nature painted painting Bogdan poet, and pulse sense, is up talent poet blind and creativity peak in the use of compositions poetic visual, auditory, and olfactory and gustatory, and plays a sense of the poet blind delicate an important role in moving his mind about this line of rationing artwork. Have revealed chapters message as well as the substantive results, the results of other art, was the fact that most of the poems of nature when the blind had been organized on the seas long, took the sea long space bulk of the hair nature, followed by (full, simple, generous) and the use of the poet for this seas Related Activations long; for shows and separates accurately manifestations of nature, as well as the weights of poetry such as (shun, and Lilt, and light) and the seas again came about very few (k Almnsarh, and prolonged, and convergent), as we found through research that the poet uses rhymes that are clarity and power, such as a character (Alaba, and signifier, and ra, and harvest), as well as the use of rhyme both types of absolute ones and restricted, has had a rhyme broken luck and abundant in the poetry of nature when the blind, and followed embraced, and then open the rhyme restricted did not appear in the poems blind but in a way few. As for the rhythm of internal Fimthelh repetition; since sought poet blind by repeating words to assert the idea that, while repeating the letters aims to make a melody musically rhythmically rest his vocal and Thuah, as well as a common method of recycling in the poetry of the blind, and subjected to the atmosphere of emotional psychological; to achieve Using convergence moral terms, as they could through alliteration and Altbara to achieve harmony of music in the context of the House of poetry, as well as impart these methods of semantic and moral values on the hair nature. Shred poet blind in the formulation of an image of nature formulation of fine art, it has more of the use of similes; since used the analogy of different types (the sender, and the total, and detailed, and eloquent, and inverted), moving from similes sensual, to comparisons technical suggestive expressed taste poet blind, who was tends to innovation, and innovation in the poetic image, as well as the emergence of style (metaphor) as a means; to deepen the significance of meaning through use, not for what put him, and had to borrow tools attend the largest of metaphor declarative, and the style (metaphor) has shown the poet blind desire for non - disclosure, or disclosure of the meanings that was Eptgaha directly, resorted to metaphor for character, and for metonymy described, this method of taking a way to achieve what aspire. Most of the methods demand was orbiting the emotions psychological poet, and receiver alike, and for this reason is often found poets blind out about the real meanings to gloss metaphorical; what gives him the freedom to express their feelings and make the recipient to contact and communicate with what he says poet. As regards (Reliable Wholesale) has appeared in Poetry Nature Methods synthetic contributed to the enrichment of meaning, and the strengthening of the building, and clarity in showing the positions that have a link with affection poet blind, and his imagination, and these methods are (submission delays, Chapter interfaces, and male and deletions). After these are the most important results of the question raised by this study, do not pretend it Facts final for granted, but at the same time figured I done everything I can in order to access them, and in conclusion, I would put this study made it my best, and I tried what I could display which opens the way for new studies of the nature of poetry when the blind in the other literary ages, and praise be to God always.

لهجة ناحية ابصية وصلتها بالعربية الفصحى == The Population Of Bsaya District

Author name: واثق حسن مجهول
Supervisor name: محمود عبد حمد اللامي
Specific topic: Language
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Muthanna
First pages:
Abstract: There is no doubt that the study of dialects has great importance and as such was given special care by Arabic language scholars in order to be acquainted with many linguistic phenomena which have become prevalent in our language, in addition to authenticating many contemporary dialects and tracing them back to their ancient roots and unveiling the historical stages they pass through and the impact of environment , place and time on their linguistic development since their very emergence.The Arabs cared a lot for their language through authoring numerous linguistic books which included within them many references to ancient Arab languages though it fell short of the specialised accurate study as a result of being content with mere references to restoring the names of languages to the names of their tribes. This has led to deprive us of knowing much about many of these languages more accurately.In order to grant the languages ,i.e. the dialects, their full right to be treated, a group of modern researchers have endeavoured earnestly to study the language and its relation to modern dialects. For the sake of catching up with these attempts, I have decided to opt for the topic, " THE Dialect of bsayah and its Relation to classical arabic " for my thesis. The research has arrived at the following findings : - The dialect of the population of Bsaya has been found to be a trace of ancient Arabic languages because it cannot be separated from the Arabic dialects because language is a living entity which grows and develops throughout time : a process which shows that many of the traits of contemporary Arabic dialects have their origin in classical Arabic which has represented the utmost evolution that affected ancient Arabic dialects. - The study has traced the linguistic and historical development for many of the THE Dialect of bsayah and its Relation to classical arabic authenticating its various linguistic uses ,such as the use of the kasrah for the letter of "presentness"such as nikash, niCzib, tiCshun,…etc. or using the kasrahfor the first letter in the morphological scalefor nouns and adjectivessuch as shihid ,zi'ir, sha?ir, etc.This is a common phenomenon in most of ancient Arab dialects - The study has shown that the dialect of Bsayah is irregular in most of its linguistic phenomena such as the substitution of the?ad for the sin such as ?akhab for sakhab or it could be vice versa such as sahra for?ahra' - As for the morphological study the overwhelming part of it has come in agreement with classical Arabic. The change has been superficial in the structure of the dialect of the population of Bsayah : this change has been either in form or by adding or reducing a letter whereby some of theparticiples and the derivations have deviated from their regular forms to the irregular ones such as the irregular forms of the feminine which are numerous in the dialect of Bsayah. Examples of these arekadar , jabad, ?a?ah , etc. - The study has confirmed that some utterances represent Arabic dialects which make masculine and feminine without using any suffix or sign for feminisation such astaa , or prolonged or confined 'alifsuch as biyr, jiliyb, ?iriyj, sibiyl, for bi'r, qaliyb, ?ariyq, sabiylrespectively.As faras the grammatical aspect are concerned, the study has shownthe adherence of Bsayah dialectto the ya' in pluralising and dualising the masculine in all the parsing cases : the nominative, the accusative and the genitive.The Arabs used to substitute the plural for the dual such as " ?adhim 'al - manakib (i.e., mankabain)" and "ghalidh 'al - hawajib(hajibain)".The Bsayah dialect, like other contemporary Arabic dialects, has beencharacterised by its being free of the parsing diacritics or signs and the inclination of its speakers to put a sukunat the end of its words. This could be a phenomenon which prevailed in an early time of the prevalence of solecism and the corruption of languages because of the Islamic wars and conquests.
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