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دراسة بعض جوانب السيطرة على حلمة الفاروا Varroa destructor Oudemans على طوائف نحل العسل في محافظة البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
السنة: 2022
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
اسم المشرف: خالد عبد الرزاق فهيد
اسم المؤلف: اميرة جاسم محمد

تقييم حساسية بعض اصناف الحنطة للاصابة بحشرة من الحنطة الاخضر Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae Evaluation of the susceptibility of some wheat varieties for infesting of Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
السنة: 2021
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
اسم المشرف: عقيل عدنان عبد السيد اليوسف
اسم المؤلف: حيدر ضرب شعبان الحسيني

المكافحة المتكاملة لبعض افات الطماطة في البيوت البلاستيكية Integrated Control of Tomato's Pests in Greenhouse

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
السنة: 2020
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
اسم المشرف: علاء صبيح جبار يحيى عاشور صالح
اسم المؤلف: سناء صخر عباس

استخدام ثلاثة انواع من النباتات المائية في ازالة مبيد الموكاب10% وبعض العناصر الثقيلة من مياه شط العرب جنوب العراق

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
السنة: 2012
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
اسم المشرف: طه ياسين مهودر هيفاء جاسم حسين التميمي
اسم المؤلف: زينب فاضل جاسم

استعمال الاسمدة الحيوانية وبعض الفطريات المعزولة منها في مكافحة مرض الذبول الفيوزارمي في الطماطا

الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
السنة: 2018
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
اسم المشرف: يحيى عاشور صالح
اسم المؤلف: خالد خليل مهنه الغزي

دراسة بيئية لحشرة البعوض Culex quinquefasciatusفي محافظة البصرة وامكانية مكافحتها احيائيا وكيميائيا Study of Environmental of Culex quinquefasciuts and the possibility of biologically and chemically controlled

المستخلص: This study aimed to a field survey of the insect mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus and study environmentally and control by isolating and diagnosing fungi associated with mosquitoes and The effect of sporoes suspense for isolated fungi on the larvae, and the use of bacteria B. thuringiensis in larval control in addition to the diagnosis of some predators with the larvae of the C. quinquefasciatus and calculate density and evaluate their efficiency against predatory larval phases of mosquitoes. As it has been the use of two types of pesticides that goes back to a group of Neonicotinoids Actara and Quickbayt . The results of the study of the field survey the spread of the insect in most of the province of Basra areas as record city center the highest density of mosquito larvae during the months of April and October amounting to 96.00 and 87.66 larvae / half liter of water, respectively, followed by the Shatt al - Arab area which recorded 89.00 and 88.00 larvae / pint water during the months of April and October, while Zubair recorded the lowest ratio of the density of larvae were 4.66 and 8.33 larva / half liter of water for two months. Where the insect has been present in different aquatic sites (water, sewer, water darker pools, Water drainage, wasted tap water) and record heavy sewage highest density in the presence of mosquito larvae. The results of the study showed that the insect C. quinquefasciatus present in most months of the year except August and January, and recorded her two climaxes peak spring (April and May) and autumn peak (October and November. The results also showed that the increase in killing thelarvae grow directly proportional to the increase commentator bacteria B. thuringiensis concentration as the ratio was at 85.00 and 48.33 for the two phases the second and fourth, respectively, when using focus commentator 910 × 3 spore / ml The lowest ratio was killed was at the focus 710 × 3 amounting to 58.34 and 33.34% for the two phases the second and fourth, respectively. The results also showed a non effect of pesticide Quick on the growth of bacteria while he found little effect of the Actara on the growth of bacteria. There are some predators also recorded along the months the year, such as predator Dineutes aereus and Cybister tripuncututus while the presence of the animal crustal Mycrocylops albidus record seasonally in spring and autumn and the results showed efficiency experience predatory predators mentioned above eccentric different larval insect mosquitoes increase in the rate of depreciation against instar first The second fell rate of depreciation against the larval delayed reconstruction (third and fourth). The results showed superiority of the pesticide Quickbayt for pesticide Actara in the proportion of killing the larvae of the second stage and fourth Mosquito as commensurate proportion of directly proportional murder with the increase of the pesticide and type of focus, as the percentage of murders in the pesticide Quickbayt focus 1 g / l to 100% of the two phases the second and fourth, respectively, and decreased the proportion of murders to reach the emphasis 0.25 g / liter 88.34 and 73.34% on the second and fourth phases respectively. while pesticide record Actara highest killed in a concentration 1 g / liter, amounting to 100 and 81.67% on the phases second and fourth in a row and scored concentration of 0.25 g / liter less proportion73.34 and 51.66% for the first larval phases was the second in a row. The integrated control results also showed that the treatment of the pesticide Quickbayt with bacteria Bti gave the highest percentage of killing larvae second phase and the fourth, reaching 93.89 and 77.22%, respectively, while came after the treatment of the pesticide Actara with bacteria Bti where the percentage of murders 77.78 and 60.00% on the second and fourth phases Respectively .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
اسم المشرف: اياد عبد الوهاب عبد القادر ليلى عبد الرحمن بيان
اسم المؤلف: وئام صباح تركي

دراسة تصنيفية وبيئية للحشراث القشرية Hemiptera : Sternorrhyncha : Coccoidea مع الاشارة الى بعض مفترساتها في محافظة البصرة TAXONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF SCALE INSECTS ( HEMIPTERA : STERNORRHYNCHA : COCCOIDEA ) WITH REFERENCE TO SOME PREDATORS IN BASRAH PROVINCE

المستخلص: A taxonomic and ecological study to scale insects was conducted with reference to predatory efficiency for four types of predators in the eight areas in Basra province it is( AL - Mdayna , AL - Hoer , Al - Qurna , AL - Deer , AL - Hartha , AL - Garma , Shat AL - Arab , Abu AL - Khseb ) during the period from October 2014 to September 2015 and show that there is a five types of scale insects belong to three families : Order : Hemiptera Suborder : Sternorrhyncha Superfamily : Coccoidea 1 - Family : Diaspididae Genus : Parlatoria Parlatoria blanchardi white scale insect on the palm Parlatoria crypta brown scale insect on the oleander Genus : Duplachionaspis Duplachionaspis graminella scale insect on the reeds Family : Phoenicococcidae - 2Pheonicococcus marlatti red scale insect on the palmFamily : Asterolecaniidae - 3Palmaspis Phoenicis green scale insect on the Palm Taxonomic study showed that there is difference diagnostic a clear between the species , genus and families found during the survey . The results pointed clearly of ecological study that the types of scale insects are located throughout the year on their hosts plant in Basra province .The highest density of numerical insects was recorded in month of June and it reached about 300.0 adult and 93.6 nymph per inch2 on variety khathraoe in the Al - Madayna area of scale insect Parlatoria blanchardi and 91.6 adult /inch2 , 25.0 nymph/inch2on variety khathraoe in the AL - Qurna area of scale insectbPalmaspis phoenicis , 11.6 adult/leaf , 6.0 nymph /leaf on Oleander plant in the Al - Qurna area of scale insect Parltoria crypta , 63.0 adult /inch2 , 5.3 nymph/inch2 on reed plant in November in the Al - Mdayna area of scale insect Duplachionaspis graminella . The less intensity of numerical insect recorded in February .It was 130.3adult/inch2 and 20.3 nymph /inch2 on variety khathraoe in the Al - Mdayna area of scale insect Parlatoria blanchardi , 42.6 adult /inch2 , 6.6 nymph/inch2 on variety khathraoe in the Al - Qurna area at scale insect Palmaspis phoenicis , 5.3 adult /leaf , 0.0 nymph /leaf on Oleander plant in the Al - Qurna , 26.6 adult /inch2 and 0.3 nymph /inch2 on reed plant in Al - Mdayna area . The study was in clued the efficiency of predatorys as following : Coccinella septempunctata which appeared during the months March , April , May and June. Pharoscymnus setulosus and Cybocephalus rufifrons which appeared during the months May, June , Jule , August , September, October and November . The predatory efficiency of first predator was 16.6 insect/day ,to the second 16.0 insect /day and the third 13.0 insect /day on white scale insect then , 17.3 , 17.0 and 13.3 insect /day respectively on green scale insect . And the predatory efficiency to Tenebrio molitor was 3.3 insect /day on red scale insect .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
اسم المشرف: علاء صبيح جبار اياد عبد الوهاب عبد القادر
اسم المؤلف: هاشم مهاوي طعمة العبادي

دراسة تاثير المخلفات النباتية والحيوانية والفطر الاحيائي Trichoderma viride في مكافحة مرض تعفن جذور الباميا المتسبب عن الفطر Macrophomina phaseolina A study of effect of plant and animal residues and the bioagent Trichoderma viride in controlling okra root rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina

المستخلص: This study aimed to use plant and animal residues and bioagent Trichoderma viride against pathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina which caused okra root rot disease in pots and field and to detect the active compounds in okra leaves by GCMS technique.Three pathogenic fungi were isolated from infected plants, they were M.phaseolina , Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani .The fungus M.phaseolina gave the highest percentage of occurance and freguencywhich were 55 and 66.67% .The pathogenicity test showed that M.phaseolina led to decrease germination pereen and increase damping - off up to 20 and 26.67% respectively, compared to control treatment which was 80 and 0% respectively.The results explained that the animal manure (F) , rice (R) and wheat (w) led to increase the germination percent up to 66.67% , 60 and 53.3% respectively compared to control treatment which was 40% , the fresh weight also increased in the same treatments up to 1.36 , 1.25 and 1.28 gm respectively compared to control which was 0.64 gm .It was founed the less infection intensity with M.phaseolina in pots was noticed in the treatment RTv (bioagent +rice) and FTv (bioagent+animal manure), it was 0% compared to control treatment which was 90%, which the highest shoot weight and plant height were noticed in the treatment FTv which were 6.22 gm and 32.03 cmrespectively compared to control which were 1.33 gm and 22.55 cm. The field experiment results revealed that the less infection intensity was observed in the treatment FTv which was 0% compared to control which was 62.22% .The treatment RTv gave a high shoot weight which was 156.11 gm compared to control which was 46.39 gm, while the high plant height was obsrved in the treatments RTv and FTv which were 73.9 and 71.98 gm respectively compared to control which was 40.33 gm. It was also founed that the high plant production was noticed in the treatment RTv and FTv which were 64.53 and 63.10 gm respectively compared to contorl which was 1.44 gm.From the other hand ,the total chlorophyl was noticed in the treatment RTv ,R,FTv,wTv and F which were 1728,224 ,1629.96,1454.442,1377.884 and 1281.168 mgm/100gm fresh weight respectively compared to 359.9 mgm/100gm fresh weight. The results of phenotic compouneds detection in the plant leaves by using GCMS technique revealed a presence of some compouneds such as Pentanol, 1,2,4 Triazole and Cyclohexanol with the treatments RTv,FTv and wTv ,these compouneds were not been recorded in the other treatments.
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
اسم المشرف: ضياء سالم علي الوائلي
اسم المؤلف: نور مهدي صالح المالكي

تاثير بعض المستخلصات والمخلفات النباتية والحيوانية في اصابة نبات اللوبياء Vigna unguiculata بمرض التعفن الفحمي المتسبب عن الفطر Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Effect of some extracts and plant residues and animal manure on charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid

المستخلص: This study was carried out in Plant Protection Department Labs and Fields of Agriculture College, Basrah University during Nov.2013 - 2014 in order to study the effect of leaves extracts of three plant, Conocarpus, Eucalyptus and Cabbege, as well as, the effect of three types of animal manure (cow, sheep and poultry) for reducing charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on cowpea.Six isolates of M. phaseolina were isolated from different host at different regions in Basrah Governorate. Pathogenicity test showed that cowpea isolate was the most virulent against cowpea seedling were disease incidence and disease severity reached to 55.8 and 41.0 % respectively.Laboratory experiments revealed that the Alcohol extract of eucalyptus, conocarpus, and cabbage were effective in inhibition of the growth of Macrophomina phaseolina . The percentage of inhibition reached to 62.4, 60.5 and 52.7 % for eucalyptus ,cabbage and conocarpus extracts respectively .In addition the concentration of (1%) (for all extracts) was more effective in inhibition of the growth of fungus M. phaseolina compared to the concentration of 0.5%.The percentage of inhibition was 79.57% and 38.27% respectively. The results of electrophoresis experiment for the different isolates of M. phaseolina proteins showed a variation among the 6 isolates from different plant in the number and location of protein bands.In pots experiment also it was found that animal manure for( cow, sheep and poultry) decreased the incidence and disease severity caused by M. phaseolina as disease incidence and severity reached 77.5 and 75% in treatment of animal manure for cow, poultry compared to 25% in pathogen treatment and the animal manure for sheep was the best in depreciate the percent of infection and severity for fungus which it was 38.3% and 13.8% respectively compared to 81.2% and 33.5% for pathogen treatment while the residues of cabbage leaves gives 45.0% and 13.7% respectively.Field experiment about the effect of some plants residues and animal manure on M. phaseolina explained that all plants residues and animal manure except poultry manure may leads to increase the percentage of germination compared to pathogen treatment and up of germination ratio registered in animal manure(sheep) treatment which it was 98% and in plants residues in cabbage 72% and the results showed that the treatment of conocarpus is the best in depreciate the infection which it was 10.1%and 5.5% respectively compared to 48.2%and 34.4% for pathogen treatment and eucalyptus treatment,animal manure (sheep) registered 19.6%,10.9%,19.9% and 12.5% respectively . It was also noticed that animal manure and plant residues increase NPK content in cowpea leaves, as the content of the leaves of the major nutrients NPK registered, the highest ratio from Nitrogen registered in the treatment of concarpus leaves followed by poultry manure and sheep manure which was 46.6 , 39.1, 38.9 gm/Kg - 1 respectively compared to 31.9 gm/Kg - 1 for pathogen treatment,the highest ratio registrered to Phosphorus in conocarpus leaves treatment which was 3.1 gm/Kg - 1 then poultry manure and sheep manure 2.3 gm/Kg - 1 and 2.1 gm/Kg - 1 respectively compared to 1.5 gm/Kg - 1 for pathogen treatment while the highest ratio to Potassium registered in sheep manure which it was 27.9 gm/Kg - 1 then eucalyptus leaves treatment 25.1 gm/Kg - 1 .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
السنة: 2015
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
اسم المشرف: محمد عامر فياض
اسم المؤلف: محمود عودة جعفر

مسح وتشخيص بعض الملقحات الحشرية ومصادر حبوب اللقاح في محافظة ميسان Survey and Identification Some Pollinators and Pollen Resources in Missan Province

المستخلص: survey and identification of the most important pollinators were conducted in three locations in Missan province (Amarah, Maymonnh , Almajar alkabir) , for the purpose to survey and identify the most important pollinators in the province,In view of the diversity of plants and insects pollinators the study select three plants , ber tree Ziziphus spina - christi and two crops are alfalfa Medicago sativa and Egyptian clover Trifolium alexenderianum to confine the pollinating insects. Honey bee Apis mellifera be one of the most important pollinator . So pollen sources in the sediment of honey and propolis is studied to identify botanical origin that visited by insects to keep them and provide fingerprint about plant diversity in the province.The study showed the following : 1. there are many insects visiting flowers of ber , alfalfa and clover were some of them are classified to the species level, while others were classified to the generic level such as wild bees Andrena sp. , Megachle sp., Tetralonia sp.And some species belong to family syrphidae such as Eristalis sp. , Syrtta sp. and Syrphus sp..2. Honey bee Apis mellifera is the most common and attracting to the two experiment crops flowers . where on average of 0.978 insects per 3m² during five minutes in alfalfa and 1.2 insects in clover were recorded. the second important is the wild bee Andrena sp. with an average of 0.662 insects in alfalfa and 0.8 in clover. 3. Honey bee were holding maximum quantity of pollen from alfalfa and clover . The average load was 67874 Pollen Grains (PG) was recorded . This quantity may be greater when it's estimated in the bee when they returns to hive .Wild bee Andrena sp. loud of pollen grain counted 54233 PG and ,IIthe wild bee long horn Tetralonia sp. carry about 51664 PG , while the leaf cutter wild bee Megachile sp. and white - banded digger Amegilla quadrifasciata carry 44256 and 38154 PG respectively , The least loud was carried by syrphid fly Eristalis aeneus was 27657 PG in it's gut .4. Honey bee Apis mellifera was the most insect spending time of foraging pollen on clover in average 9.76 second and 8.85 second on clover and alfalfa flowers respectively in the daylight , the next were the miner bee Andrena sp. spending 5.53 sec and 4.32 sec on clover flowers and alfalfa respectively . The white - banded digger wild bee A. quadrifasciata and the leaf cutter wild bee Megachile sp. have not seen visiting clover while they visit alfalfa flowers .5. pollen spectrum in spring and autumn honey sediment was studied , wich showed an important and new sources the tamarisk Tamarix brachystachys that is record the first time as a predominant pollen source , this source rated over than 45% in three sample of spring honey while as known between researchers and bee keepers that spring honey called a Eucalyptus or clover honey. Some weed were also important as pollen sourcessuch as Capparis spinosa , Sonchus oleraceus in addition to Prosopis juliflora and some species of the Families Cruciferae , Compositae and Umbelliferae.6. the light microscope showed that The most important resource of propolis Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Tamarix spp. and Prosopis juliflora
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
اسم المشرف: طه ياسين مهودر العيداني خالد عبد الرزاق فهيد
اسم المؤلف: عقيل عبد الرزاق كريدي

دراسة لمرض لفحة سعف النخيل المتسبب عن الفطر Diplodia phoenicum وبعض الفطريات المرافقة له وامكانية مكافحة المرض كيميائيا واحيائيا A study of date palm leaflets blight caused by Diplodia phoenicum and some fungi associated with it and the ability of it?s chemical and biological control

المستخلص: This study was carried out at the laboratories of plant protection Department - College of Agriculture - Basrah university for a.peroid during 1/9/2014 - 27/7/2015 . The study aimed to detect the leaflet bligh disease for different datepalm cultivars such as Chipchap ,Sayer , Zehdi and Khodrawi at three regoins, Medainah , Abu Al - khaseeb and Nashwa.The result showed that the infection percent was 86.51, 83.61 and 76.03% at Medainah , Abu Al - khaseeb and Nashwa respectively . The results also showed that the infection intensity was 25.96 , 23.56 and 21.1 % for the three above regoins respectively .The higher infection intensity was noticed on Chipchap culture which was 30% while the lowest one found on Sayer culture which was 23.3% .The infection intensity also differs according to surfaces , it was 76.37 % on the lower surface , while it was 55.55 , 37.91 and 24.34% on the middle ,foot and terminal of leaflet .Leaflet dried and oval pustules which contain the spores of serenomyces phoenicis were recorded as symptoms represented the scorch disease while the other fungi caused yellowish and spotting symptoms sixteen species belonging to 13 genera were isolated from the leaflets , these species were as follows : Chaetomium atrobrunneum , C.globosum , Chalaropsis thielavioides , C.radicicola ,Stemphylium.sp.,Bipolaris australis ,Cladosporium herbarum , Nigrospora sphaerica , Diplodia phoenicis , Phoma glomerata , Fusarium verticillioides , Alternaria alternate ,bA. longipes ,Coniochaete sacchareo , Melanospora sp., andS.phoenicis.Most of of them caused blight disease .Among of them D. phoenicis and S. phoenicis gave scorch symptoms pathogenicity testing .The study epplained that Extract agare was the best medium for A. phoenicis growth ;it was 7 cm , while PCA gave the lowest growth, the fungus growth , the best growth 6.83 cm was noticed on 25 c while the growth stopped on 35 c . PH also effected on the fungus radial growth , it was 4.35 cm at PH4 , while it was 6.57 cm at PH 8 .Tested fungicides revealed significant differences . Dazim and Revus Top inhibited the radial growth in a percent of 100% ,while it reduced to 83.34% with the fungicides Hunter , so Dithane M4S inhibited the radial growth to 54.22% . The biological agent Trichoderma harzianum antagonists with D. phoenicis in the alevel 1,P. fluorescence also inhibited D. phoenicis in a percent OF 100%.The field experiment revealed that pa fluorescence reduced infection intensity to 50% , while Dazim biological agent T. harzianum treatment were the lowest treatment in reducing the infection intensity which reduced to 4.1 and 6.3 respectively .
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
اسم المشرف: محمد عامر فياض يحيى عاشور صالح
اسم المؤلف: ضرغام صباح لفتة باقر العوفي

المكافحة الاحيائية لمرض الذبول الفيوزارمي في الطماطا المتسبب عن الفطر Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici باستخدام الفطر Trichoderma harzianum وفطر المايكورايزا Glomus mosseae Biological control of tomato Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum fsp.lycopersici by using Trichoderma harzianum and mycorrhiza Glomus mosseae

المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات قسم وقاية النبات /كلية الزراعة / جامعة البصرة خلال الفترة من 1/11/ 2015 الى 1/6/2016 لتقييم كفاءة فطر المايكورايزا G. mosseae والعامل الاحيائي T.harzianum في مكافحة مرض الذبول الفيوزارمي لنبات الطماطا المتسبب عن الفطر Fusarium oxysporum fsp.lycopersici . اظهرت النتائج دور العامل الاحيائي في تثبيط نمو الفطر الممرض بطريقة الزراعة المزدوجة حيث كان التضاد من الدرجة 1 حسب مقياس Bell . كما اظهر راشح الفطر الاحيائي T.harzianum تفوقوااضحا في تثبيط نمو الفطر الممرض . اوضحت نتائج تاثير فطر المايكورايزا G.mosseae والعامل الاحيائي T.harzianum والتداخل بينهما في انبات البذور ونمو نبات الطماطا ( تجربة الاصص) وجود فرق معنوي في النسبة المئوية لا نبات البذور ، اما في ما يخص اطوال النبات بعد ستة اسابيع من الانبات فقد اشارت النتائج الى وجود فروق معنوية بين المعاملات حيث بلغت اطوال النباتات 4.55 و18.22 و14.44 و18.00 و15.33 و15.44 و15.55 سم على التوالي للمعاملات Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici(f) وTrichoderma harzianum(T.h) وGlomus mosseae(G.m) ومعاملة التداخل بين العامل الاحيائي وفطر المايكورايزا GT ومعاملة التداخل بين فطر الممرض وفطر المايكورايزا GF ومعاملة التداخل بين العامل الاحيائي وفطر الممرض TF ومعاملة التداخل بين العامل الاحيائي وفطر المايكورايزواالفطر الممرضر GTFقياسا بمعاملة المقارنة التي بلغت 12.33 سم ، وكان اكثر الفطريات تاثيرا في زيادة اطوال النباتات العامل الاحيائي T.harzianum كما حقق التداخل بين العامل الاحيائي T.harzianum وفطر المايكورايزا G.mosseae زيادة معنوية في الوزن الطري للمجموعين الخضري والجذري حيث بلغ الوزن الطري للمجموعين الخضري والجذري 6.27 و0.72 غم على التوالي قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة التي بلغ الوزن الطري للمجموعين الخضري والجذري فيها 2.83 و0.51 غم على التوالي . اما التجربة الحقلية فقد اظهرت نتائجهواجود فروق معنوية في شدة الاصابة بالفطر الممرض حيث كانت اقل شدة اصابة في المعاملة التداخل بين فطر المايكورايزواالفطر الممرض GF اذ بلغت 22.21% تلتها المعاملات TF وGTF حيث بلغت شدة الاصابة فيها 27.77 و35.01% على التوالي قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة البالغة 48.02% ، اما اطوال النبات فقد ازداد بشكل معنوي في المعاملة GTF اذ بلغت 72.1 سم والتي تفوقت بفروقات معنوية عالية تلتها المعاملات GT وG وGF وT اذ بلغت 69.9 و68.9 و65.4 و63.8 سم على التوالي اذ اختلفت معنويا عن معاملة المقارنة التي بلغت 55.3 سم ومعاملة الفطر الممرض البالغة 47.2 سم ، وكان اعلى وزن طري للمجموع الخضري في المعاملة TF اذ بلغت 40.0 غم تلتها المعاملات GF وG وGTF وGT حيث بلغ الوزن الطري لها 35.0 و34.5 و32.3 و30.0 و29.7 غم / نبات والتي اختلفت معنويا عن معاملتي المقارنة والفطر الممرض اذ بلغت 17.33 و13.7 غم . وان اعلى زيادة في الوزن الطري للمجموع الجذري بلغت 29.53غم لمعاملة المايكورايزا G.mosseae والتي اختلفت معنويا عن معاملة المقارنة البالغة 17.7 غم . اشارت النتائج الى دور فطر المايكورايزا G.mosseae في زيادة وزن حاصل الثمار اذ بلغ الوزن 3.067 كغم / نبات قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة التي بلغت 1.630 كغم / نبات وبفارق معنوي ، وبينت النتائج دور فطر المايكورايزواالعامل الاحيائي في زيادة الفعالية الانزيمية لا نزيم البيروكسديز فقد اعطت معاملة فطر المايكورايزا G.mosseae اعلى نسبة اذ بلغت 1.710 وحدة / غم وزن رطب وقد اختلفت معنويا عن معاملة المقارنة البالغة 0.510 وحدة / غم وزن رطب .اوضحت نتائج التجربة الحقلية ايضا كفاءة العامل الاحيائي وفطر المايكورايزا في زيادة كمية الفسفور في نباتات الطماطا حيث بلغت اعلى نسبة للفسفور في معاملة التداخل GF حيث بلغت 38.93 ملغم / كغم تلتها المعاملات G وT وGT وGTF وTF وF اذ بلغت نسبة الفسفور فيها 38.44 و28.93 و28.93 و26.58 و23.91 و13.25 ملغم / كغم على التوالي قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة اذ بلغت 21.23 ملغم / كغم. وبينت النتائج دور فطر المايكورايزا G.mosseae والعامل الاحيائي T.harzianum في زيادة نسبة وشدة اصابة الجذور حيث بلغت اعلى نسبة وشدة اصابة لمعاملة التداخل GT 66 و58% على التوالي وقد تفوقت بفروقات معنوية عالية تلتها المعاملات G وGTF وGF حيث بلغت نسبة وشدة الاصابة فيها 38.00 و36.66% و37.66 و34 % و31.33 و32.00% على التوالي . وبينت النتائج ايضواجود فروقات معنوية في عدد ابواغ فطر المايكورايزا G.mosseae حيث بلغ اعلى عدد للابواغ 45.83 بوغ / نبات في معاملة التداخل GT تلتها المعاملات GF وG وGTF حيث بلغ عدد الابواغ فيها 29.16 و22.50 و16.66 بوغ / نبات . | This study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Plant Protection , College of Agriculture , University of Basra .during the period from 1/11/2015 - 1/6/2016 ,to evaluate the interaction efficiency between Glomus.mosseae and bio agent Trichoderma.harzianum against tomato fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp lycopersici . .The results showed the role of T.harzianum in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungus where the antagonism degree is of class 1 according to Bell scale. Also it showed that T.harzianum exaudate inhibited the growth of pathogen. The results also explained a significant effect of mycorrhiza G.mosseae and T.harzianum and their interaction on seed germination percent and growth of tomato plant (pots experience) , As regards to the lengths of the plants after six weeks from germination the results indicated a significant difference among the treatments , the lengths of plants reached 4.55 ,18.22 , 14.44, 18.00, 15.33, 15.44, 15.55, cm for the treatments , F, T ,M, MT , MF , TF and MTF, respectively compared to control which amounted to 12.33 cm ,T.harzianum led to increase the lengths of Plant significantly .The interaction between T harzianum and G.mosseae (TM ) also led to increase the fresh weight in comparison with control which reached respectively 2.83 and 0.51. The field experiment results showed significant differences in the severity of the infection with pathogen where the less severe of the infection was found in the treatment MF which was 22.21 % followed by TF and MTF treatments which were 27.77 and 35.01% respectively. The plant lengths also significantly increased , it reached 72.1 cm in the treatment MTF followed by the treatment MT , M , MF and T which reached 69.9, 68.9 , 65.4 and 63.8 respectively , which they significantly differed with control and pathogen treatments which were 55.3 and 47.2 cm respectively . The treatment TF led to increase the shoot fresh weight up to 40.0 gm. , followed by MF , M,T, MTF and MT which were 35.0, 34.5 , 32.3 , 30.0 and 29.7 which significantly differed with control and pathogen treatment which reached 17.33 and 13.7 respectively . The root fresh weight also increased when G.mosseae was used , it reached 29.53 gm. compared with control (17.7 gm.).The results indicated the role of G.mosseae in increasing fruit weight which reached 3.067 kg Plant compared with control which was 1.630 kg/plant .The results also showed the role of G.mosseae in increasing the enzymatic activity of peroxidase which reached 1.710 unit/gm. Compared to control which reached 0.510 unit/ gm wet weight . The results of field experiment also revealed that T.harzianum and G.mossese increased the amount of phosphor in tomato Plants in a percent of 38.93 , 38.44 , 28.93 , 28.93 , 26.58 , and 23.91 mg / kg for the treatment MF , M , T , MT , MTF and TF respectively in with comparison with control which was 21.23 mg / kg. From other hand , the interaction between G.mosseae and T.harzianum led to increase the root infection percent and infection up to 66 and 58% respectively the treatment M, MTF , MF as they were 38.00 , 36.66% 37.66 , 34% 31.33 , 32.00% . Finaly the results elucidate that the interaction between G.mosseae and T.harzianum led to increase the number of spores of G.mosseae reaching to 45.83 spore/ plant followed by the treatment M , MTF , MF , which gave 29.16 , 22.50 , and 16.66 , spores / plant respectively
الصفحات الاولى:
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
اسم المشرف: يحيى عاشور صالح
اسم المؤلف: سلام نجم عبود الاسدي