اسم المؤلف:
اسيل كامل حميد الهاشمي
اسم المشرف:
عادل جبار حسين | صالح كاظم مجيد
المستخلص:
صممت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة التاثيرات النسجية, الكيمونسجية والكيموحيوية للاستخدام طويل الامد لعقار الكودائين - باراسيتامول على الجرذان المختبرية, حيث استخدمت في هذه الدراسة اربع وعشرون جرذ ذكر (وزن الحيوانات 200غم) قسمت عشوائيا وبالتساوي على اربع مجاميع. احتو | The present study is performed to evaluate the histological, histochemical and biochemical effects of long term use of codeine - paracetamol drug on laboratory rats, this study performed in college of veterinary medicine at university of Basra, there was (24) male rats(Body weight 200g) were divided randomly and equally into four groups, each group consisted of six rats for which codeine - paracetamol drug was orally administered for (90) days as the following : for group (A) normal saline was administered and it served as a control group. Group (B)was administered with (8/500 mg/200g) and served as low dose group, group (C)was administered with (16/1000 mg/200g) and served as intermediate dose group, and group (D) was administered with (32/2000 mg/200g) and served as high dose group. The statistical analysis results of body weight of the long term use of drug for the treated groups showed significant decreases (P?0.05) of body weight of both(L.D) and (H.D) while the (I.D) showed no significant (P?0.05) difference when compared to the control group. The internal organs weight (liver, kidney and spleen) showed significant decreases (P?0.05) of liver weights in both (L.D) and (I.D), while the (H.D) showed no significant difference of liver weight when compared to the control group; the kidney weight showed significant increases in both (L.D) and (I.D), while the (H.D) showed no significant difference when compared to the control group. Spleen weight also showed a significant increase in both (L.D) and (I.D), while the (H.D) showed significant decrease when compared to the control group. The serum lipid profile showed significant increases (P?0.05) in the levels of (cholesterol, triglyceride, High Density Lipo - protein and Low Density Lipo - protein) and no significant difference of (Very Low Density Lipo - protein) of (L.D), while the (I.D) showed significant increases of the levels of (cholesterol, HDL and LDL) and no significant differences of the levels of (triglyceride and VLDL), (H.D) also showed significant increases of levels of (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL) when compared to the control group. The statistical analysis of the results of liver and kidney function enzymes showed no significant differences of total serum bilirubin (TSB) of both (L.D) and (I.D) and a significant increase in (H.D); There was no significant (P?0.05) differences in the level of serum direct bilirubin (D.B) among all treated groups when compared to the control group , while the (H.D) group there was non significant compared with control and other treated groups, while the levels of (Aspartate Aminotransferase AST , Alanine Aminotransferase ALT, Alkaline phosphatase ALP and creatinine) showed significant increases in all treated groups when compared to the control group. Histological results of the liver of (L.D) and (I.D) showed vacuolation of hepatocytes and dilatation of sinusoids in which the vaculation is more severe in (I.D) with early septal fibrosis, while the liver of (H.D) showed severe centrolobular necrosis, hemorrhage, dilation of sinusoids and septal fibrosis. While the kidney of (L.D)and (I.D) showed vaculation of proximal convoluted tubules and glomerular mesengial cells with minimal vacuolation in (L.D), The kidney of (H.D) showed necrosis and vaculation of proximal convoluted tubules with vaculation of glomerular mesengial cells. The nervous system (brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerve) of all treated groups showed vacuolation of nerves cells and axons, severe vacuolation in (H.D). The lung showed edema and aggregation of inflammatory cells in lung of both (L.D) and (I.D) while the lung of (H.D) showed severe edema, enlarged proliferative and aggregation of lipid laden macrophages (pulmonary lipidosis). While the heart showed mild vacuolation of myocardial muscle cells of both (L.D) and (I.D), but the (H.D) showed sever vacuolation of myocardial muscle cells. The stomach also showed mild vacuolation of gastric epithelium in all treated groups. The testes also showed vacuolation and suppression of spermatogenesis in the (L.D) and moderate vacuolation and suppression of spermatogenesis in (I.D) while (H.D) showed present of giant multinucleated spermatid with sever vacuolation and suppression of spermatogenesis. While the spleen showed mild to moderate atrophy of white pulps of the (L.D) and (I.D), (H.D) also showed severe atrophy of white pulp with mild fibrosis and the presence of hemosiderin laden macrophages and foamy vacuolated macrophages. The histochemical study of poly saccharides(glycogen) of liver and kidney showed decrease of poly saccharides composition in mid zonal area and near the central vein, while in kidney, it was present in proximal convoluted tubules and in bowman's capsules in the (L.D) and (I.D), those changes were more severe in (H.D). While the histochemical study of lipid showed increase of lipid composition in hepatocytes near the central vein and in kidney in the proximal convoluted tubules and bowman's capsules, and those lipid compositions increased when the dose increased. The electron microscope study of liver showed mild to moderate swelling of mitochondria and dilation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in both (L.D) and (I.D), while (H.D) showed severe swelling of mitochondria and dilatation with proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
