عرض: 25 50 75 100 النتائج

نتائج البحث: 8 من أصل 183

اثر مدرسة الامام الرضا عليه السلام في الفكر الاسلامي حتى سنة 260هـ/873م == Effect of Imam Al - Ridha School on Islamic Thought Until the Year (260 A.H - 873 A.D )

اسم المؤلف: احمد عدنان عبود وتوت
اسم المشرف: عامر عجاج حميد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The purpose of the thesis is to explain the effect that Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) had left on human thought.The thesis starts with an introduction that shed light on the meaning of effect or influence in the doctrine of Ahl - Bayt, presented by what Imams (peace be upon them), had been mentioned. The introduction includes also the personality and biogrphy of Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) including his Imam as being crown prince of the Abbasid Caliphate.The thesis includes four chapters : Chapter1 consists of two Topics, the first of them deals with Imam al - Ridha's interpretation of the Holy Qur'an, where the Imam relied on the divine science and the interpretation of Qur'an by Qur'an.The second topic focuses on the effect of the Imam on the Hadith and correction of its narrations.He also addressed the prophetic Hadith in language and terminology.Chapter 2 deals with the effect of Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) on jurisprudence and theology. The Chapter consisted of two topics, the first is his effect on the jurisprudence in terms of act of worship and transactions, through prayeing, fasting in all its kinds, alimony, jihad, moneylending and the will before death. Second topic dealt with the effect of the Imam theology which flourshed in the Abbasid era.That was through debates of Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) with senior clergy of Christians, Jews and sabean in themes of monotheism, hereafter, prophecy, justice and Imamate.Chapter 3 deals with the influence of Imam al - Ridha (peace be open him) on other sciences through three topics, the first his impact on medicine where the (Golden Thesis) was a model for this theme.Second topic deals with his influence on languages, where there was clear evidence in the Arabic language through prose, debates and poetry.He was also fluent in other languages such as Indian, Persian, Turkish and Roman The third topic focuses on economics according to Islamic law and it's doctrine.Chapter 4 deals with effect of Imam al - Ridha (peace be upon him) on his companions, it also includes three topics, the first focused on the Imam influence on those companions through interpretation of Holy Qur'an and Prophetic Hadith, the second dealt with the Imam influence on them through jurisprudence and theology, and the third topic focused on the effect of Imam Al - Ridha (peace be upon him) on his companions through other sciences such as medicine, Arabic language and economics.

رعاية الرقيق في فكر وسلوك ائمة اهل البيت == Slavery Care in the Thought and Behavior of Ahlulbayt Imams (Prophet's Family) (PBUT)

اسم المؤلف: محمد احميد عبل الركابي
اسم المشرف: نزار عبد المحسن جعفر الداغر
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The phenomenon of slavery is a social, economic, political and legal phenomenon of civilizations, nations and States that preceded the emergence of Islam for centuries. It is one of the episodes of human development and has produced impressive results for the history of mankind. The concept of slavery denotes ownership and slavery, and making a man a slave for another person as a reason for, which is different according to the laws of the nations and their laws. The meaning of slavery and its essence is the loss of a person's liberty and a man becomes a commodity owned by another person called the owner. So the slave is vulnerable to the act deprivation of life through killing or punishment and torture. Slavery may be lied in the husband and his family of the slave and disqualifies him from owning and disposing without a warrant from the owner.Islam represents a stage of human transition that humanity has never known before in dealing with slaves as human beings, not as a commodity with a spirit, and presents a problem that Islam has not prevented slavery. It will not be fought or abolished slavery at the beginning. , which is contrary to the general philosophy of Islam, which is based on freedom and equality. Islam is a religion reconciled between the beliefs and customs inherited at the beginning of its appearance and its laws, despite being temporary.Thus, the abolition of slavery as a normal economic situation in societies before the advent of Islam in dealing with the slavery system explained an intention of Islam to drain the sources of slavery and resources until the end of this system - with time - to cancel and without a social unrest.As for the care of Ahlulbeiyt Imams (PBUT) of the slave, it was a humanitarian message whose chapters are integrated with the essence of Islam and its principles in the glorious Quran and the purified Sunnah. As far as its integration is concerned, it is accurate and comprehensive covering all walks of life in society. After the death of the Prophet (PBUH) and the covenants that followed and the rule of sons of Abbas and Umyyad, even if this message was formed and presented in normal social, economic and political conditions and without difficulties and obstacles and without sacrificing lives and lost their humanitarian impact, it would become meaningless.Its principles, conditions, philosophy, and objectives were formulated under harsh and painful conditions, which were paid by the Imams of the Ahlulbayt Family and their followers, who were killed, displaced and persecuted. Yet the bitterness of these circumstances produced good and promising results. These results preserved the essence and existence of Islam and proved the merit and competence of the Imams of the Ahlulbayt (PBUT). This revealed eligibility and leadership of Ahlulbayt Imams (PBUT) in leading the nation including slaves, who represent the most vulnerable social, poor and humiliated groups. So the whole care paid by Ahlulbayt Imams (PBUT) to slaves has become a wonderful example of the humanitarian deal from which the International Conventions of Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law derived the content of its texts and practices in the context of International relations and the world

الفكر الاقتصادي الاسلامي بين النظرية والتطبيق حتى 14هـ

اسم المؤلف: احمد جايد بدر الحسناوي
اسم المشرف: زمان عبيد وناس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This thesis examined the Islamic economic thought between theory and practice in the most important era of Islamic history, namely the era of prophecy and the caliphate until 41 AH / 661 AD. The research hypothesis of the question : Is Islamic economic theory valid to work to date in terms of the system of ownership and philosophy of work and production relations between employees of Muslims and non - Muslims or not? Was the economic thought and application in the Islamic state in theera of the caliphate a continuation of the prophetic era or are they different from each other? Then I answered these questions through two part and four chapters and a preface in which I explained the linguistic and theological meaning of the words ofthe title of the research, The first part is devoted to the definition of Islamic economic theory as stated in the Holy Quran and the Sunnah. The first chapter examines the system of ownership and work in the era of the Prophet (peace be upon him), The secondchapter is the economic function of the Islamic state or the political economy in accordance with the work of the Prophet in the fields of economic security and the regulatory system and economic development, And the second chapter was written bythe economic thought in the era of succession through the first chapter of the research sources of economic thought and issues and goals, and the second chapter illustrated the impact of hybrid thought formed in the era of the Caliphate on the theory andeconomic applications presented by the Prophet

النبي محمد (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) في مؤلفات مونتجمري وات عن السيرة النبوية دراسة تحليلية مقارنة == The Prophet Mohammed (P.B.U.H.) In Montgomery Watt's Authoresses, about Prophetic Biography, a Comparative Analytic Study

اسم المؤلف: ماهر جواد كاظم الشمري
اسم المشرف: عادل اسماعيل خليل العبود
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The oriental studies have been extended to include all the aspects of the eastern heritage in general and specifically the Islamic heritage . In these studies , the interest in the prophet 's life has been increased in an exaggerated way . Some of these studies were fair and agree with common opinions in the Islamic sources and some are not depending on the different oriental schools and according to opinions and beliefs of the orientalists. However , they used to use the weakest narrations in their writings to harm the prophet's character which was the subject for the studies of Muslims and orientalists. One of the most known orientalists in the twentieth century was the British Professor Montegmry Watt who devoted his life to study Islamic religion and the history of the prophet . He wrote about the prophet in his books ( Mohammed in Mecca , Mohammed in Al - Madina and Mohammed the prophet and the man of the country " the politician " ) . In this dissertation , these books have been studied , analyzed and compared with the Islamic sources . The dissertation has been divided into a preface , five chapters and the conclusion which included the findings of the study . The chapters are different in the number of pages according to the demands and the importance of each chapter . The first chapter which is entitled ( orientalism in historical glance ) has tackled the linguistic and terminological meanings of Orientalism , the stages of the development of orientalism and the reasons and aims behind it . It also gives a summary of the most known British orientalists , and their roles . Then it presents the life of Montegmry Watt from birth to death passing through his academic and ideological education in the church , the positions which he took up , his works , his way of writing about the prophet and the resources which he depended on . The second chapter is entitled (the prophet Mohammed's (P. B. U. H) Life before the Mission) . This chapter is devoted to study the prophet's life in an a chronological order and the opinions which Watt has presented , we agree with some of these opinions and disagree with others . The chapter started with the prophet's name and his honorable kinship . It tackles his birth , childhood , his work in trade , his marriage and his happy life with his wife Khadeeja ( piece be upon her ) who helped him before the mission and supported him after the mission . Then the chapter shows the role of the prophet in public life in spite of being young , when he took part in Al - Fujaar war , his presence in Hilf Al - Fudhul , presenting the solution to solve the dispute between the Qurashi people about raising the black stone and taking part in building Al - Ka'ba , the house of God . The third chapter sheds light on (the prophet Mohammed's (P.B.U.H) Summons in Mecca ) . The mission passed through two stages ; the secret stage and the public stage that witnessed the defeat of paganism and polytheism . The chapter starts with the stage when the prophet began to meditate in isolation in a cave called Hira and the opinions about the reasons behind that isolation . It also discusses the dispute whether the prophet Mohammed was ignorant or could read and write like other prophets . It also deals with the proof of the prophet's prophecy represented by the inspiration which Watt's deny . It also deals with specific verses ( ayyat )called satanic verses which Watt supports . The chapter presents the most important events that happened in Mecca like the apposition of Qureysh to the prophecy , the Muslim's migration to Al - Hebesha which Watt thinks that it took place for economic reasons , then the siege of the Muslims in the reef of Abi Talib . The siege ended by a miracle which God told the prophet about so that the idolaters believe in his prophecy . Watt ignores that miracle . Then the prophet's going to Al - Taef was an attempt to spread out the Islam beyond Mecca . Finally , the chapter ends up with the prophet's success in making an agreement between Al - Aws and Al - Khazraj in Yathrib which became the city of the prophet . The fourth chapter is entitled (the prophet Mohammed's (P.B.U.H) Summons in AL - Madina with Militarism and Political Sides) .This chapter is devoted to the transformational stage in Al - Madinah that starts by the Migration to Yathrib which became Al - Madinah Al - Munawara after the prophet's arrival . It witnessed the building of the honorable prophetic Mosque which was a distinctive sigh for the appearance of the Islamic cities , followed by writing the document which was the constitutional law that regulates the life of people in Al - Madinah and determines the relationship between the Muslims and other people in Al - Madinah , the Muslims themselves with each other , and the relation between the prophet and the Jews ( Bani Qureytha , Bani Al - Nadhir and Bani Qeynuqaa ) .To spread out the Islam , the prophet contacted the Arabic tribes in the Arabian Peninsula . Watt claims that the prophet contacted the tribes only in the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula . The prophet has also sent messengers to kings to inform them about the new religion . When the Islam has become a great religious and political power in the Arabian Peninsula , delegations came to announce their Islam . This made Watt raise doubts about the prophet ad minimize his role . Then he draw the picture of the prophet as a raider and he mixed the Arabian raids with Al - Jihad in the Islam . The fifth chapter ( The Prophet Mohammed's (P.B.U.H) Summons in AL - Madina with Sociality and Legislative Sides ) is specified to the works of the prophet in Al - Madinah . It starts with the fraternity between the supporters and migrants to help the migrants and lessen their feelings of bitterness of being away from home . In regard to the prophet's marriages , Watt explained them in terms of only one impetus and that is the political impetus . He tried to describe the prophet as a politician who cares for nothing except fulfilling his political ambitions . In fact , Watt ignored all the other impetus for the prophet marriages like the social , religious and social impetus . As for the last period of the prophet's life , Watt ignored a lot of its aspects in spite of its importance . Moreover , he ignored a lot of the prophet's innate peculiarities ,and raised doubts about the Qur'an and its collection and regards it as the creation of the Prophet Mohammed . The study has arrived at many conclusions like Watt's denial of the inspiration and regarding it as a kind of super consciousness , raising doubts about the Qur'an and saying that it was created by the prophet for some periodical demands , Claiming that the prophet has taken a lot from previous religions : Judaism and Christianity , saying that the prophet has a political impetus for his multi - marriages and accusing the prophet of taking Al - Jihad for the sake of God as a way to earn financial benefits and to spread beyond the Arabian Peninsula

مظاهر البذخ والترف عند الخلفاء والامراء في العصر الفاطمي من سنة (358 - 567هـ/ 968 - 1171م) == Appearances of Lavishness and Luxury to Caliphs and Princes of Fatimid Era from 358 to 567 H./ 969 to 1171 A.D

اسم المؤلف: ندى عباس فرحان الشمري
اسم المشرف: محمد مهدي علي الشبري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:

الترغيب والترهيب في الاندلس من الفتح الاسلامي حتى نهاية عصر الطوائف (92 - 484هـ/711 - 1091م) == Persuasion and intimidation In Andalusia from the conquest of Andalusia until the end of the era of sects (92 - 484ha / 711 - 1091ce)

اسم المؤلف: هدير باسم كامل المعموري
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الله المعموري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الحمد لله الذي اكرمنا بالاسلام دينا , وبالقران الكريم كتابا منيروابمحمد (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) نبيا هاديا.وصلى الله على خير خلقه صفوة الصفوة من انبيائه ورسله الذي اشرقت به شموس المعرفة ساطعة, وعلى اله الطيبين الطاهرين وقد انهروا لنا المعرفة متدفقة سائغا شرابها, ملونة افاقها فهم عيبة علم الله وخزان معارفه. اما بعد : فبرحمة من الله سبحانه كان اختيار موضوعي الموسوم( الترغيب والترهيب في الاندلس من الفتح الاسلامي حتى نهاية عصر الطوائف92 - 484ه\711 - 1091م) .ونحسب ان هذا الموضوع من الموضوعات المهمة التي تتعلق بدراسة جانب من جوانب الحكم في الاندلس وقد بان لنا من خلال هذه الدراسة ان هذا الجانب لم يحظ باهتمام الباحثين والمؤرخين لاسباب متعددة لعل اهمها تناثر المعلومات في بطون الكتب, واضيف الى ذلك ان الكتاب والمؤرخين القدامى قلمواقفوا على مثل تلك الموضوعات , بل اهتم اغلبهم في تدوين سير الحكام وما قاموا به حتى قيل عنهم انهم (مراة السلاطين).ولعل من الاسباب التي دفعتنا لاختيار هذه الدراسة هو ابراز مخاطر الترغيب والترهيب على الدولة والمجتمع حتى يتم تجنبها في انظمة الحكم المعاصرة واللاحقة فضلا عن ذلك وضع صورة مفصلة لحقبة تاريخية عانت ما عانت من الترغيب والترهيب في الاندلس على الرغم من تناول الدراسات السياسية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية والادبية عن تاريخ الاندلس موضوع الترغيب والترهيب لكن بشكل ضمني ومحدود ,وهذا يعني ان موضوع الترغيب والترهيب لم يستعرض بشكل واف, ولم تتطرق له اية دراسة جادة , وعسى ان تكون هذه الدراسة نافذة نطل منها على دراسات اخرى في هذا الموضوع وموضوعات اخرى ,ان الترغيب والترهيب قد اعتمدتها الدول في كل زمان ومكان فوجدت عمادا تقوم به خيمة حكمها , وميزانا تزن به من يرتضيها حكومة ويعين بقاءهوايذود عنها اعدائها , ومن يقف معارضا لسياستها يناوئ منهجهوالعله يتحين فرصة لينشب مخالبه في اعضائها حتى تلفظ انفاسها .وتنوعت الوسائل والاساليب المتبعة في استخدام تلك السياسات ففي مجال الترغيب اعتمدت الدولة على الفقهاء في تلميع صورتها امام الناس ولكسب ود الفقهاء المالكية عملت الدولة على محاربة جميع المذاهب التي حاولت ان تجد لها موطا قدم في الاندلس , لذلك كان الفقهاء في كثير من الاحيان عاملا مساعدا للدولة سواء اكان ذلك في القضاء على الفتن الداخلية او في مواجهة الاخطار الخارجية عن طريق الفتاوي الجهادية التي كان يصدرها هؤلاء الفقهاء والتي كانت محط احترام وتقدير لدى عامة الشعب كذلك استعانت الحكومات بالادباء وبالشعراء لما لهم من منزلة تهفوا اليها النفوس, وبهم تزين مجالسهم وفعالهم وحروبهم في ابهى صورة واجمل ماخذ وقد وجدت في كتب الادب التي استعنت بها اطلالة على تلك الحقب التاريخية فامدني ذلك بمادة تاريخية لطيفة وظفتها في هذه الدراسة الا ان هؤلاء الفقهاء والادباء لم يكونوا في مامن من ارهاب الدولة في حالة خروجهم عن الخط المرسوم لهم وهو التاييد المطلق للدولة, فاذا حاول هؤلاء الفقهاء والادباء معارضة السلطة وتوجيه الانتقادات لهواحث الناس على مواجهتها فان مصيرهم لا يختلف كثيرا عن المعارضين للسلطة سواء كان هؤلاء المعارضين ولاة او قادة او من عامة الشعب. واقتضت طبيعة الموضوع تقسيمه على ثلاث فصول يسبقها مقدمة وتمهيد.اختص التمهيد بمفهوم الترغيب والترهيب لغة واصطلاحوابينت هذين المفهومين في القران الكريم والسنة النبوية ومجال استعمالهما فيهما مطرزين بالايات الكريمة والاحاديث الشريفة لما لها من اثر في الدعوة الى الله تعالى.وجاء الفصل الاول تحت عنوان الترغيب والترهيب في الاندلس من الفتح الاسلامي الى نهاية عصر الامارة( 92 - 316ه/711 - 912م )فقد احتوى على مبحثين اثنين المبحث الاول الترغيب في الاندلس من الفتح الاسلامي الى نهاية عصر الامارة تناولنا فيه الترغيب وسيلة للحكم في بلاد الاندلس من الفتح الاسلامي الى نهاية عصر الامارة متعرضة لشيء من فتح بلاد الاندلس واسباب قدوم المسلمين اليها فاتحين.اما المبحث الثاني فقد تناولنا الترهيب من الفتح الاسلامي الى نهاية عصر الامارة فصلنا فيه موضوع الترهيب في المدة عينها . ولن ننس من حظي بالترغيب وماناله الترهيب من المعارضين للسلطة في الداخل والخارج والوان ذلك الترغيب والترهيب .اما الفصل الثاني فقد خصص لعصر الخلافة التي امتدت بين (316 - 422ه) وهي مدة بلوغ بلاد الاندلس اوج عظمتهواامتداد سلطانها فلبست سياسة الترغيب والترهيب اثوابا جديدة تليق بتلك العظمة التي اسبغتها سياسة الخلفاء الامويين والالتفات الى طبقات المجتمع. وهذا الفصل انتظم في مبحثين اثنين المبحث الاول الى (الترغيب في عصر الخلافة 316 - 422ه) وراينا اهتمام الخلفاء بطبقات وفئات جديدة لم يعن بها السابقون من اولي السلطة كالفقهاء الذين بذلوا الجهد لتوطيد اركان الدولة. كما استعان اولو الامر برجال الحركة العلمية والادبية لتلميع صورة الحكم , كما امدوا حبل العطاء واواصر العناية بالمعارضين للسلطة وللدول الاخرى المناهضة لهم فحالفهم التوفيق مع اطراف وخالفهم مع اطراف اخرى.اما المبحث الثاني الموسوم (الترهيب في عصر الخلافة 316 - 422ه) الذي اتبعه ارباب السلطان في هذه المدة فنال بعضا من اطراف المعارضين واصحاب المناصب السياسية وبعضا من الفقهاء والادباء تدفعهم مواقف واهداف شتى .وياتي الفصل الثالث (الترغيب والترهيب في عصر الطوائف 422 - 484ه) ليمتد عبر عصر الطوائف بمبحثين ايضا.اختص المبحث الاول الموسوم (الترغيب في عصر الطوائف422 - 484ه ) في ظل حالة الانقسام السياسي ونشوء دويلات متعددة في بلاد الاندلس مما دفع حكام هذه الدويلات الى اتباع اساليب متعددة في الترغيب كي تبقى تلك الدويلة والاخرى تقارع اعدائها بما لها من انصار ورجال يذبون عنها.اما المبحث الثاني(الترهيب في عصر الطوائف 422 - 484ه) فقد كان مختصا بالترهيب الذي سلكته تلك الدويلات مع اعدائها في الداخل والخارج والوان هذه الاساليب.وجاءت الخاتمة في نهاية المطاف لتحتضن خلاصة النتائج التي توصلنا اليها مذيلة بالتوصيات التي تراها الباحثة ضرورية .اما الصعوبات التي واجهتنا في هذه الدراسة فقد تمثلت بقلة المعلومات والمصادر التي تناولت دراسة تاريخ الاندلس وتناثر المعلومات في طيات الكتب مما جعل الباحث في صعوبة من امره في جمع هذه المعلومات المتناثرة واستخلاصها لتظهر بهذه الصورة.واما المنهج الذي قد اتبعناه في كتابة هذه الدراسة هو المنهج الاستنتاجي الذي ارفدنا باغلب تلك الرويات لاعطاء الباحث اولا المجال لابراز دوره وشخصيته من خلال ارائه التي تبناها عقب كل موضوع او رواية والتي قد يكون مصيبا فيها او مخطئواهذا يبقى في النهاية مجرد راي شخصي قد ينفى بادلة قاطعة ثبتتها كتب التاريخ او قد ينفيها من سياتي بعده ممن سيتطرق لمواضيع كهذه واما التسلسل الزمني الذي اتبعنا في هذه الدراسة هو تقسيم المادة حسب كل زمن وعصر ابتداء بعهد الفتح ثم الامارة مرورا بعصر الخلافة والحجابة وانهائها بعصر الطوائف وكيفية سياسة كل حاكم وخليفة في سلطته. | Cairo city had taken up economical importance and commercial since Islamic Arab conquer till end of Fatimid era, and that related to numbers of main factors of which distinctive geographical location that had been take up by this city. As it way on the commercial way that joins between southern Arab Peninsula and Europe. Moreover the existence of Nile which gives it economical importance and commercial that contributed in growth and development of business transactions thereon the growth and development on economy and commercial sides that Cairo witnessed in Fatimid era exceeded what others Egyptian cities rejoiced as Fistat and Iskandria.????????????????????????????????? The reason related to great interest that this city obtained by Fatimid Khalafas made it significant to the traders and capitalists; we cannot forget that Fatimid city had been built on the basis of many factors. The commercial and economy factors were in advance of this basis that had been taken into account when established. It was pointed that other Egyptian cities, the agricultural side took great domain its commercial actives, surly the great commercial roles and economy which the Cairo city did doming Fatimid Era, contributed greatly and widely on immense commercial activity which took up in the international trade. When the way economy commercial activity, there must have been existence occupation helps and facilities at monetary translation, and continuance of all commercial movement therefor the exchange played role as occupation banking and commercial in the same time important role in the activity movement of commercial and economic in the city o Cairo. For importance of the occupation in commercial and economic activity, for its role in the politic monetary limitation for Fatimid Khalafa, the title of the study it ""The Exchange and the money Exchangers in Cairo in the Fatimid Era 358 - 567H\968 - 1171AD "">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>. The study includes what happened on they occupation during the four season and introduction and conclusion._________________________________________As the scholar has the first chapter which consists all two section ''the construction of population at Cairo in Fatimid Era'' in addition to must importance commercial marked in it, then he refer to the caking and location at the city and reason that impulses the leader (Jawhar Al - saqli),to built it. The second section has been done the study of exchange where from its definition in language and idiom and its historical root also the definition between the exchange erudite and finally the condition of Islamic law (sharia). While chapter second beings with the markets of exchangers ,than banking businesses that exchangers did during there work in exchange, at the and of the first section , the study of flourishing factors in Egypt in Fatimid Era, whereas the second section had been studied chequere –exchanges as one of deposits processes which played importance role in exchange occupation. Chapter three has been studied the role Fatimid stoke and its money ( dinar and dirham ), and the weights at money and the influenced factors in its rate at exchange in first section. While the second section has been studied the relationship at authority with the exchange throughout supervisor of prices and has role in Cairo market.???????????????????????????????? Finally, chapter four has been studied the political and economic situation and the social life for exchangers in Fatimid Era in the first section, in second section has been contained the risk at the banking processes (the risk that exchangers subject to). In addition to the political of state with treads in markets. At the end section three that has most famous Egyptian exchangers in Fatimid Era. After carrying out the study (The exchangers and money exchange in Cairo in Fatimid Era) the scholar sums up the following : *__Exchange occupation represents one monetary and banking activity which contributed in the growth and development commercial role that.????????????????????*__ exchangers played in Egypt in Fatimid Era when become trade in addition to exchange occupation which mains they were traders and exchangers at the same time..????????????????????????????????????????????*__The social factor played importance role in exchange occupation since the structure at population to the Cairo influenced greatly in the commercial activity and economic and that effected the banking businesses which exchangers worked on basis.*__For commercial relationship and monetary between exchangers nearby and cities at Islamic Arab their great influence on development at occupation at exchange in Cairo, in spite of the political enmity Fatimid people that was between them and Abbassen in Baghdad permitted the trade and freedom at transportation between them and Abbassen cities, and the role contributed in accuracy at Egyptian exchangers for occupation and there experience obtain that previous them in that exchangers at cities, Kufa and Baghdad

سياسة نقض العهود والمواثيق في الدولة العباسية (132ـــ334ه/749 - 945م) == The policy of denouncing covenants and covenants in the abbasid state (132 - 334ha/749 - 945ce)

اسم المؤلف: محمد جبار عبيد العزاوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الستار نصيف جاسم العامري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جاءت هذه الدراسة بعنوان : (سياسة نقض العهود والمواثيق في الدولة العباسية (132 - 334ه/749 - 945م))", بعد ان كثرت العهود والمواثيق التي كان الخلفاء يصدرونها من اجل تعيين ولاة عهودهم من بعدهم او التي يمنحها الخليفة لاحد الافراد الذين شقوا عصا الطاعة, وجميع هذه العهود تمتاز بغلبة الناحية الدينية عليها, فهي مليئة بذكر اسم الله تعالى وذكر رسوله (), واهمية العهد والوفاء به, وكلما اوثق القوم في الاستيثاق ومحاولة جعل الاطراف المعنية تلتزم به, سهل على من يريد نقض العهد ايجاد المخرج للتخلص من القيود التي تربطه, ذلك ان اخلاق القوم وسلوكهم الديني كانت تسوغ لهم نقض العهد بمنتهى السهولة.وقد ركزت الدراسة على السياسة الداخلية للدولة العباسية, وتحاول ان تلقي الضوء على اهم الجوانب التي تعين على اعطاء صورة واضحة عن نقض العهود والمواثيق في الدولة العباسية, وذلك من خلال تتبع السياسة التي انتهجها الخلفاء العباسيون في التعامل مع ولاة العهد, والعلويون وكذلك القادة والامراء والامويون, وماهي دوافع نقض العهود والمواثيق, ونتائجها, فجاءت هذه الدراسة في مقدمة وتمهيد وثلاثة فصول وخاتمة, تناولنا في التمهيد : التعريفات اللغوية والاصطلاحية لنقض العهود والمواثيق, وما اشتملته من معان متعددة, وتبيان العهود والمواثيق في القران الكريم والسنة النبوية, فضلا عن الجذور التاريخية لنقض العهود والمواثيق في الدولة العربية الاسلامية حتى عام (132ه/749م).وخصصنا الفصل الاول : لسياسة نقض العهود والمواثيق في ولاية العهد وتضمن نقض العهود والمواثيق في العصر العباسي الاول(عصر القوة والازدهار)(132 - 247ه/749 - 861م), ومن ثم تناولنا نقض العهود والمواثيق في عصر الضعف والانحلال(247 - 334ه/861 - 945م).وفي الفصل الثاني : انتقلنا للحديث فيه عن نقض العهود والمواثيق مع العلويين, فقد تضمن طبيعة العلاقة بين العباسيين والعلويين قبل قيام الدولة العباسية وبعدها, وكذلك تناولت الشخوص العلوية التي مورست بحقهم هذه السياسة.وتناول الفصل الثالث : نقض العهود والمواثيق مع القادة والامراء والامويين, ووفقا لمحورين : الاول شمل نقض العهود والمواثيق مع القادة والامراء, اما المحور الثاني فقد تضمن نقض العهود والمواثيق مع بقايا الامويين بعد سقوط دولتهم على يد العباسيين سنة(132ه/749م), وكشف لنا هذا عن تجذر واستمرار حالة العداء بين الامويين والعباسيين الذين لم يترددوا في نقض العهود والمواثيق معهم. وتضمنت الدراسة جملة من النتائج , تم ذكرها في نهاية الدراسة. | This study was entitled : "The policy of denouncing the covenants and covenants in the Abbasid state (132 - 334ha / 749 - 945ce)", after the covenants and covenants that the caliphs had issued for the appointment of the rulers of their covenants after them or given by the caliph to one of the individuals who made a stick And all the covenants are characterized by the predominance of the religious aspect, they are full of mention of the name of Allah and His Messenger, and the importance of the Covenant and fulfill it, and the closer the people in the authentication and try to make the parties concerned adhere to it, The restrictions that bind him, because the ethics of the people and their religious behavior was justified to revoke the Covenant Extremely easy The study focused on the internal policy of the Abbasid state, and attempts to shed light on the most important aspects that should have given a clear picture of the abrogation of covenants and covenants in the Abbasid state by following the policy pursued by the Abbasid caliphs in dealing with the rulers of the covenant, , And what are the motives of denouncing the covenants and covenants, and their results, this study came in the introduction and preface and three chapters and conclusion, we dealt in the preface : the linguistic and standard definitions to break the covenants and covenants, and the implications of multiple meanings, and the covenants and covenants in the Koran and Sunnah Yeh, as well as the historical roots of denunciation covenants and conventions in the Islamic Arab state until the year (132 AH / 749 AD) We devoted the first chapter to the policy of annuling the covenants and covenants in the Covenant and guaranteeing the annulment of covenants and covenants in the first Abbasid era (the era of strength and prosperity) (132 - 247 AH / 749 - 861), and then addressing the abrogation of covenants and covenants in the era of weakness and decay (247 - 334 / 861 - 945) In the second chapter : we moved to talk about the annulment of covenants and covenants with the Alawites. It included the nature of the relationship between the Abbasids and the Alawites before and after the establishment of the Abbasid state, as well as the higher figures who exercised this right.The second chapter included the revocation of covenants and covenants with the remnants of the Umayyads after the fall of their state by the Abbasids in (132 AH / 749 CE), and revealed to us This is the root cause of the continued hostility between the Umayyads and the Abbasids, who did not hesitate to break the covenants with themThe study included a number of results, which were mentioned at the end of the letter

اثر المؤدبين في نشاة اولاد الخلفاء من (41 - 334هـ) == The effect of the painters in the emergence of the children of the caliphs (41 - 334 A.H)

اسم المؤلف: ماهر ماجد خليفة الشمري
اسم المشرف: عبد الحافظ عبد محمد الكبيسي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2018
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Education was a prominent place among Arab Muslims, and care was great, given care and attention.As a result of this importance came the care and attention of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs in education, preceded by the attention of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the caliphs adults were interested in scientists and honoring them by various means and methods.In the era of the emergence of Islam and the adult caliphs, the religious precepts that encourage children were popularized in the Arab and Islamic cultures. To adhere to moral and spiritual values and to adhere to the Islamic faith, and the commandments that urge the children of caliphs and governors to adhere to the principles of the right to the policy of parish affairs.In the Umayyad period, the commandments were varied and varied. There are political and educational precepts. It is the commandments of education, which is directed only to their children, including what they direct to the children of their children, and in this area are the educational commandments directed by the caliphs to the children of their children in order to educate them and prepare them to take over the reins after them.The caliphs did not neglect to seek to enable their political mentor to prepare their children to be successors after them. They realized the status of discipline and science. They were keen to prepare and prepare their children for the position of the caliphate. They concentrated much on their education and discipline, especially after the transition from the shura system in Islam to the inheritance system illiteracy
1 ... 6 7 8