عرض: 25 50 75 100 النتائج

نتائج البحث: 25 من أصل 70

زيادة بعض مركبات الايض الثانوية لنبات الزيتون Olea europaea L باستخدام نترات الفضة النانوية والبولي اثيلين كلايكول خارج الجسم الحي Increasing of some secondary metabolites of Olea europaea L. Using silver nitrate nano particle and polyethylene glycol elicitor In Vitro

اسم المؤلف: وسن محمد موسى السويدي
اسم المشرف: هاشم كاظم محمد
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was conducted in the laboratory of plant tissue culture, Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Al - Mustansiriyah, in order to increase the production of some secondary metabolic compounds in callus induce from leave and shoot tips of Olea europaea L. in vitro.Secondary metabolites were estimated quantitatively and qualitatively using high performance liquid chromatography HPLC and compared with those in the mother plant.Callus was induced from leaf explants and cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations of growth regulators including 2,4 - Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid 2,4 - D at the concentrations 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 mg/l. Results showed that ms medium containing 1 mg/l of 2, 4 - D gave the highest percentage of callus induction reached 50 % under light conditions, the highest callus fresh and dry weight were recorded 630,43.0mg at concentrations 1,2 mg/l 2,4 - D respectively.Shoot tips and Stigma cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations of growth regulatorsincluding Benzyl Adenine BA at the concentrations 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 mg/l. Results showed that the medium containing 2 mg/l of BA gave the highest percentage of shoot tips reached 80 % under light conditions, the highest fresh and dry weight were recorded 2534,552 mg at concentration 3mg/l BA respectively. Results showed that the medium containing 2 mg/l of BA gave the highest percentage of Stigma reached 40 % under light conditions, the highest fresh and dry weight were recorded 2070,404 mg at the concentration 4mg/l BA respectively.In order to increase theproduction of secondary metabolites, some elicitors were used including Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) at the concentrations 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 %, and silver nano particles AgNO3 NPs at the concentrations 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mg/l.Results showed that 1.5mg/l concentration of AgNO3NPs caused highly significant production in most of the secondary metabolites (Glycosides compound) of callus for Olea europaea L while 2mg/l concentrations of AgNO3 NPs caused highly significant production in some of the secondary metabolites (Glycosides compound) of shoot tips for Olea europaea L. Results showed that 2% concentration of PEG caused highly significant production of the secondary metabolites (Fenolic compound) of callus for Olea europaea L. while 1.5% concentrations of PEG caused highly significant production b in most of the secondary metabolites (phenolic compound) of shoot tips for Olea europaea L.

عزل وتشخيص الفطريات الجلدية من نماذج الانسان باستخدام تقنية تفاعل البوليمرز المتسلسل (PCR) والنشاط المضاد لمستخلصات قشور البصل Isolation and Identification dermatophytes from human Samples By using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Technique and Antidermatophytic activity of onion peel extracts

اسم المؤلف: محمد عبد الكريم الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: عبد العزيز مجيد نخيلان
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الفطريات الجلدية هي واحدة من مجموعة من الفطريات ذات الصلة وثيقة والتي لديها القدرة على غزو الانسجة المتقرنة (الجلد والشعر) في الانسان والحيوانات لاحداث الاصابة الجلدي دعى Dermatophytosis والمعروفة لنا على انها التهابات حلقة الدودة. لعزل وتحديد الفطريات الجلدية من العينات السريرية ودراسة النشاط المضاد للفطريات antidermatophytic للمستخلصات قشور البصل (Allim cepa) . جمعت 60 عينة من مستشفى ابو قاطع ابي غريب، 22 عينات من مستشفى اليرموك و18 عينة من تلاميذ المدارس الابتدائية في ابو غريب على التوالي. وقد اجريت الدراسة خلال الفترة الممتدة من اكتوبر 2014 الى اذار 2015. باستخدام الفحص المجهري والزرع تشخيصت وجود فطريات جلدية لدى (90) مريض من اصل (100) مريضاﱟ فقط اي بنسبة (90%) ، وقد تبين ان 59 (59%)من الحالات كانت موجبة بالفحص المجهري والزرع . في حين عدد الحالات السالبة في الفحص الزرعي فكان 31 اي بنسبة (31%) حيث كانت انواع مختلفة ل Candida spp، اما عدد الحالات السالبة بالفحص المجهري المباشر والزرع فهو 10 (10%) حيث كانت اجناس فطرية اخرى مثال على ذلك Penicillium sp, Aspergillus niger . اظهرت الفحوصات المختبرية تباين الانواع الفطرية الجلدية المعزولة اذ ان اكثر الانواع الفطرية الجلدية المعزولة كان الفطر Trichophyton.mentoagrophytes ظهر في 27 عينة (45.7%) ,يليه الفطر Microsporum.canis ظهرفي 18 عينة (30.6%) , والفطر Trichophyton.rubrum كان في 9 عينات (15.25%) وبينما كان الفطر Trichophyton.verrucosum اقل الانواع الفطرية المعزولة وظهر في 5 عينات فقط وبنسبة (8.4%) . واظهرت النتائج تباين في نسبة الاصابة بين الذكور والاناث ، حيث سجلت اعداد ونسب المصابين بالامراض الفطرية تبعا للجنس. اذ سجل عدد الذكور 39 اصابة اي (66.1%) اما عدد الاناث فقد بلغ 20 اصابة اي (33.9%).تبين من خلال هذه نتائج هذه الدراسة ان الاصابات بالامراض الفطرية كانت اكثر تكرارا خلال الاشهر المعتدلة درجة الحرارة حيث لوحظ زيادة نسبة الاصابة في فصل الربيع والذي سجلت فيه اعلى نسبة للاصابة خلال شهر اذار (35%) ،شهر شباط (25%) ، شهر كانون الثاني (18%) ، شهر كانون الاول (12%) ، شهر تشرين الثاني (10%) على التوالي .هرت النتائج وجود علاقة ما بين الاصابة ومناطق سكن المرضى حيث بلغت نسبتها في المناطق الريفية (84%) مقارنة مع المناطق الحضرية التي بلغت (16%) ، كما اظهرت ان الفطريات الجلدية التي تنتقل عن طريق ملامسة الحيوانات اكثر تكرارا (84.4 %) من كانت الملامسة البشرو التي كانت اقل تكرارا (15.6 %).شخصت الفطريات الجلدية المعزولة بطريقة تفاعل سلسلة انزيم البلمرة PCR ،واظهرت النتائج تماثل في الوزن الجزيئي للحزم المتضاعفة وحيث قورن مواقع هذه الحزم مع موقع الحزم ذات الاوزان الجزيئية المعروفة العائدة للدليل الحجمي, حيث جاءت النتائج متماثلة للحجم المتوقع وهو 500bp (زوج قاعدة) كناتج لعملية تضاعف البادىء primerالمتخصص بالفطريات الجلدية لكل M. canis , mentogrophyt T. , T. vrrucosum . وقد تمت دراسة التاثير التثبيطي لكل من المستخلص المائي والكحولي (الحار والبارد ) لقشور ثمرة البصل ، كل على حدة في النمو القطري لمستعمرات الفطريات الجلدية والاكثر تكرارا حيث شملت الفطرين M. canis ,. mentogrophyt T . واظهرت نتائج استخدام المستخلصات النباتية لقشور ثمرة البصل ان ادنى التركيز المثبط للنمو من المستخلص المائي الحار هو (0.78)ملغم/مل للفطر T.mentogrphytes اما الادنى التركيز القاتل فهو (25) ملغم / مل، اما الفطر M .canis فان الادنى التركيز المثبط للنمو هو (0.78)ملغم/مل اما التركيز القاتل فهو (25) ملغم / مل . وللمستخلص المائي البارد فان ادنى التركيز المثبط للنمو هو (1.56)ملغم /مل للفطرT.mentogrphytes واما ادنى التركيز القاتل فقد كان (25) ملغم/مل. واما فطر M .canis فادنى التركيز المثبط للنمو هو (3.125) ملغم /مل والتركيز القاتل فقد كان (12.5) ملغم/مل. كما تبين ان لادنى التركيز المثبط من المستخلص الكحولي الحار والكحولي البارد لقشور البصل هو (0.78) ملغم/مل على النوعين الفطريات ، اما ادنى التركيز القاتل للمستخلص الكحولي الحار والبارد فهو(50) ملغم/مل بالنسبة للفطر M. canis ,. mentogrophyt T . | Dermatophytes are one a group of closely related fungi that have the capacity to invade the keratinized tiusse (skin and hair) of human and other animals to produce cutaneus infection called Dermatophytosis commouly referred to as ring worm infections . To isolate and identify the dermatophytes from clinical samples and to study the antidermatophytic activity of onion (Allim cepa ) extracts . 60 sample from Abu Graib Hospital , 22 samples from Yarmook Hospital and 18 sample from elementany school pupils Abu Graib regian were Collected respectively . The study was conducted during the period extended from oct , 2014 to Mary ,2015 . by microscopial examination and cultivation have been diagnosed with the presence of Dermatophyte at (90) patients only at a rate (90%), has been shown that 59 (59%) of the cases were positive Result by microscopic examination and cultivation. As the number of negative cases in the examination cultivation was 31 ( 31%), where the different genus for Candida sp, either the number of negative microscopic examination and cultivation is 10 cases (10%), where anther genus of fungi for example Penicillium, Aspergillus niger. When you identify the types of fungi, laboratory tests showed fungal species isolated skin variation، The most common fungi isolated were T.mentoagrophyt where the sample was 27 (45.7%), followed by M.canis where the 18 samples (30.6%) , was T.rubrum 9 samples (15.25%), and while The T.verrucosum was less fungal species isolated where , the number of isolated samples only 5 (8.4%).There were significant differences in Infection rate between males and females, were recorded prepare ratios infected with fungal diseases Accordingly sex, and as it was recorded that the number of males 39 (66.1%) The number of females has reached to 20 (33.9%) .It has been shown through this study that fungal diseases Infection were more frequent during of moderate temperature months of year ,observed increase in Infection of the during spring, which recorded the highest rate of infection during the month of March (35%), followed by injuries recorded in the month of February (25% ) then the month of January (18%) and the month of December (12%) and then the November (10%) respectively.about the relationship between infected with Housing areas, showing High incidence was recorded in rural regions (84%) in comparison with urban regions(16%). the study demonstrated a significant shift in the skin fungus that causes the disease towards animal species (84.4% ), while the human species less frequent (15.6%). Diagnosed skin fungi by (PCR) manner enzyme polymerase chain reaction, The results showed similar in molecular weight of packages multiplying and these sites packages as compared to with site with molecular weights known as belonging to the manual volumetric packages ,where the results were similar to the size of the expected site, a 500bp (pair base) as a product of the process started it doubled primer M. canis, T. mentogrophyt, T. vrrucosum.Has been studied the inhibitory effect of each of the aqueous and alcoholic extract (hot and cold) to peel the onion, Separately in growth of the colonies skin fungi isolated from injuries skin diseases, and the most frequent during this study, which included fungi Micrsporum canis , mentoagrophyt Trichophyton.And it showed the results of the use of plant extracts to peel onions that minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of the growth of the aqueous extract is (0.78) mg / ml for T.mentogrphytes The minimum Focus concentration (MFC) is 25 mg / ml, either MIC for M .canis is (0.78) mg / ml The MFC 25 mg / ml . To the water cold extract, MIC is (1.56) mg / ml of T.mentogrphytes MFC is 25 mg / ml. The M .canis MIC is (3.125) mg / ml MFC is (12.5) mg / ml.And the MIC of the hot alcoholic and cold alcoholic extract of onion peel is (0.78) mg / ml and the MFC is 50 mg / ml for both M. canis, T. mentogrophyt .

دراسة كيميائية وبايولوجية لمركبي Stigmasterol و? - sitosterol كمكونات فعالة متواجدة في نبات البنفسج العطري (العائلة : البنفسجية) المزروع في العراق Phytochemical and Biological Study of Stigmasterol and ? - sitosterol as Active Constituents Present in Viola odorata L.Plant (Family : Violaceae) Cultivated in Iraq

اسم المؤلف: شيماء فخري جاسم السالم
اسم المشرف: بشرى محمد جابر علوش
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد هذه الدراسة مسح لبعض المكونات الفعاله لنبات البنفسج العطري Viola odorata L. وعزل هذه المركبات الفعالة (Stigmasterol and β - sitosterol)، كما تم اجراء دراسه بايولوجيه لتحديد فاعليتها كمركبات مضادة للاكسدة وكمضادات بكتيرية حيث تضمنت الدراسه مايلي : - • تم استخلاص هذه المركبات كمستخلص خام من كل جزء من اجزاء النبتة الجذور،الاوراق, الازهار والبذور باستخدام الميثانول والبتروليوم ايثر واجراءالتقدير الكمي والنوعي للمركبين Stigmasterol) و( β - sitosterolفي كل جزء باستخدام تقنيات TLC, HPLC,CC• تم استخلاص وعزل وتشخيص المركبين (Stigmasterol and β - sitosterol) وذلك باستخدام طرق استخلاص وتجزئه وعزل مختلفه• تم استخدام المستخلص الخام لنبات البنفسج العطري Viola odorata L. والمركبات الستيرويدية Stigmasterol) و( β - sitosterol كمضادات للاكسدة على المركب 1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) الفعال لاحتوائه على الجذور الحرة وتحويله الى مركب 1,1 - diphenyl - 2 - picryl - hydrazine باستخدام التراكيز 25, 50, 100, 200 و400 مايكروغرام/مليلتر والمقارنة مع حامض الاسكوربك كمعاملة قياسية• تم استخدام المستخلص الخام لنبات البنفسج العطري Viola odorata Lو المركبات الستيرويديه( Stigmasterol و( β - sitosterol كمضادات بكتيرية فاعلة ضد بكتيريا staphylococcus aureus وPseudomonas aeruginosa وبتراكيز 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 و50 مايكروغرام/مليلتر والمقارنة مع المضاد الحيوي Gentamicin كمعاملة قياسية• اظهرت النتائج وجود كميات كبيرة من المركبات الستيرويدية(Stigmasterol and β - sitosterol )في كل اجزاء نبتة البنفسج العطري Viola odorata L. اذ كانت تراكيز مركب Stigmasterol في الاوراق 2 ملغم/100مليلتر وللازهار 7.3 ملغم/100مليلتر وللجذر 4.5 ملغم/100مليلتر وللبذور 2.4 ملغم/100مليلتر, فيما كانت تراكيز المركب β - sitosterol في الاوراق 3.2 ملغم/100مليلتر وللازهار 5.3 ملغم/100مليلتر وللجذر 9.2 ملغم/100مليلتر وللبذور 3 ملغم/100مليلتر, اذ كان اعلى تركيز للمركب Stigmasterol في مستخلص الازهار 7.3 ملغم/100مليلتر واعلى تركيز للمركب β - sitosterol في الجذر 9.2 ملغم/100مليلتر.• اظهرت النتائج الفاعلية الكبيرة للمستخلص الخام لنبات Viola odorata L. بالتركيز 400 مايكروغرام/مليلتر كمضاد للاكسدة بنسبة 94% وللتراكيز 25, 50, 100 و200 مايكروغرام/مليلتر بنسبة 72, 80, 84 و92% على التوالي بالمقارنة مع المعاملة القياسية, اذ اظهرت النتائج فروقا معنوية P≤ 0.05 ما بين التراكيز للمستخلص الخام, فيما اظهر التركيز 400 مايكروغرام/مليلتر لخليط المركبات( stigmasterol وβ - sitosterol) كفاءة كبيرة كمضادات للاكسدة وبنسبة 74% وللتراكيز 25, 50, 100 و200 مايكروغرام/مليلتر بنسبة 59, 63, 66 و70% على التوالي مقارنة بالمعاملة القياسية وبفروق معنوية P≤0.05 ما بين التراكيز.• اظهرت تراكيز المستخلص الخام للنبتة فاعلية كمضاد للبكتيريا اذ كان مدى تثبيط بكتيريا Staphylococcus aureus على الوسط المغذي الصلب 0, 5, 15, 18, 20, 22 و25 مليمتر باستخدام التراكيز 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 و50 مايكروغرام/مليلتر على التوالي, واظهر خليط الستيرويدات مدى تثبيط 0, 0, 0, 14, 16, 19 و21 مليمتر لنفس التراكيز على التوالي ومقارنة بالمعاملة القياسية, كذلك اظهر المستخلص الخام كفاءة كمضاد بكتيري ضد بكتيريا Pseudomonas aeruginosa بمدى تثبيط 0, 5, 12, 15, 17, 19 و22 مليمتر ولخليط الستيرويدات بمدى تثبيط 0, 0, 0, 11, 13, 17 و18 مليمتر مقارنة بالمعاملة القياسية, وبينت النتائج ان التركيز الادنى المثبط للمستخلص الخام للنبتة ضد بكتيريا Staphylococcus aureus وPseudomonas aeruginosaهو 5 مايكروغرام/مليلتر ولخليط الستيرويدات هو 20 مايكروغرام/مليلتر. | This study is considered as a survey of the some secondary metabolits present in Viola odorata L., collected from plant nursery in Baghdad between April and July, followed by the fractionation and isolation of Stigmasterol and β - sitosterol.The biological study demonstrated the effect of the Stigmasterol and β - sitosterol found in Viola odorata L. as antioxidant and antibacterial. This study involved the following : - • Extraction of Stigmasterol and β - sitosterol as a crude extract from each part of the plant roots, leaves, flowers and seeds using (Petrolium ether and Methanol) to qualitative and quantitative estimation of Stigmasterol and β - sitosterol in each part of the plant by using TLC, HPLC and CC. • Fractionation and Isolation of sterols compounds (Stigmasterol and β - sitosterol) present in Viola odorata L., by using different methods . • Crude extract and sterols compound (Stigmasterol and β - sitosterol) has been studies in experimental work to determination the antioxidant activity against1,1 - diphenyl - 2 - picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) which is considered as stable free radical and convert it into 1,1 - diphenyl - 2 - picryl - hydrazine ,by using different concentrations (25,50,100,200 and 400µg/ml). Compare ascorbic acid.• Crude extract and sterols compound (Stigmasterol and β - sitosterol) has been used to determination the antibacterial activity using different concentrations (2, 5, 10,20,30,40 and 50µg/ml) against staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa by using agar well diffusion method compare with Gentamicin as a standard control. • The phytochemical results showed that all the plant parts contain high amount of sterols, the quantitative data revealed that the total content of Stigmasterol in roots(4.5mg/100g) ,in leaves(2mg/100g),in flowers(7.3mg/100g) and in seeds(2.4mg/100g).The content of β - sitosterol in roots(9.2mg/100g),in leaves(3.2mg/100g),in flowers(5.3mg/100g) and in seeds(3mg/100g), highest amount of stigmasterol founded in flowers (7.30mg/100g) ,the maximum amount of β - sitosterol in roots (9.2 mg/100g) .• The results showed that crude extract of Viola odorata in concentration of 400µg/ml have a higher antioxidant effect by 94%, and concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml by 72, 80, 84 and 92% respectively which are comparing with standard control Ascorbic acid, the results showed there are significant difference at (P≤ 0.05) between the concentrations in the same crude extract, while the stigmasterol and β - sitosterol of Viola odorata also showed higher antioxidant effect in concentration of 400µg/ml by 74% and concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200µg/ml by 59, 63, 66 and 70% respectively comparing with standard control Ascorbic acid with significant difference at (P≤0.05) between them ,and with significant difference at (P≤0.05)between the concentrations in the same fraction.• Antibacterial results of crude extract showed Staphylococcus aureus growth inhibition zone by 0, 5, 15, 18, 20, 22 and 25 mm with 5 µg/ml as MIC, while, sterols compound showed inhibition zone by 0, 0, 0, 14, 16, 19 and 21 mm with 20 µg/ml as MIC comparing with Gentamicine standard control. Furthermore inhibition zone in pseudomonas aeruginosa culture when using crude extract by 0, 5, 12, 15, 17, 19 and 22 mm with 5 µg/ml as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), while, sterols compound showed inhibition zone by 0, 0, 0, 11, 13, 17 and 18 mm with 20 µg/ml as Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) compar with Gentamicin standard control .Stigmasterol and β - sitosterol compound showed inhibition zone by 0,0,0,11,13,17 and 18 mm with 20 µg/ml MICcompared with Gentamicine standard control.

دراسة فعالية بعض المستخلصات لطحلب Cladophora glomerata Study the activity of some extracts of alga Cladophora glomerata

اسم المؤلف: سهام نعمة لفتة
اسم المشرف: احمد ساهي دويش
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية عزل جنس من الطحالب الكبيرة من بيئة مائية وتشخيصها , اذ تم عزل طحلب Cladophora glomerata من بحر النجف من محافظة النجف الاشرف. تضمنت الدراسة ايضا قياس بعض الصفات الفيزيوكيميائية لمياه بحر النجف والمعزول منه طحلب Cladophora glomerata , اذ شملت القياسات كل من درجة حرارة الهواء والماء , الدالة الحامضية , التوصيلية الكهربائية,المواد الصلبة الذائبة ,الملوحة,وتركيز بعض الايونات السالبة والموجبة للاملاح الموجودة في ماء البحر .بينت النتائج ان درجة حرارة الهواء كانت ( 24)م˚ في حين كانت درجة حرارة الماء (18) م˚ ,فيما كانت قيمة الدالة الحامضية (7.89) وقيمه التوصيلية الكهربائية (20500) ميكروسيمنز / سم وكانت قيمة الملوحة (1.62) 0/00 . في حين كانت نتائج قياس بعض الايونات الموجبة والسالبة للاملاح هي كالاتي : الكالسيوم والمغنسيوم والصوديوم والبوتاسيوم والكلوريدات والكبريتات (3085 و1376 و3815 و6.8 و2988 و3694 ) ملغم/ مل على التوالي .استخلص طحلب Cladophora glomerata باستخدام ثلاث انواع من المذيبات وتمثلت بـ (الكحول الاثيلي وخلات الاثيل والكلوروفورم ) ومن ثم تم اختبار فعالية هذه المستخلصات في تثبيط نمو البكتريا المعزولة من اخماج الجروح والحروق وهي : Pseudomonas aeruginosa وStaphylococcus aureus وProteus mirabilis وEscherichia coli .كانت محصلة الاستخلاص ( الحار - البارد ) لطحلب Cladophora glomerata باستخدام المذيبات المختلفة الكحول الاثيلي %(128 - ) وخلات الاثيل %(84 - ) الكلوروفورم %(54,8 - 13,2). استعملت تراكيز مختلفة من مستخلصات الطحلب الكبيرCladophora glomerata (256,128,64,32) ملغم /مل لدراسة تاثيرها على البكتريا المعزولة من اخماج الجروح والحروق باستعمال اطباق بتري وذلك عن طريق قياس قطر منطقة التثبيط.بالنسبة الى المستخلص الاثيلي لطحلب Cladophora glomerata كان المستخلص الحار اكفا في تاثيره على البكتريا بتركيز( 256 ملغم / مل ) , وقد بلغت من معدلات اقطار مناطق التثبيط , 9 , 15, 20) ملم لكل من : S. aureus , Ps. aeruginosa ، Pr. mirabilis.، E.coli وعلى التوالي مقارنة مع معدلات اقطار مناطق التثبيط للمستخلص البارد وللتركيز نفسه والتي كانت (10 ,10 ,11 ,17) ملم وعلى التوالي.بالنسبة الى مستخلص خلات الاثيل لطحلب Cladophora glomerata كان المستخلص البارد اكفا في تاثيره في البكتريا بتركيز( 256 ملغم / مل ) , اذ كانت معدلات اقطار مناطق التثبيط (10 , 10 , 12 , 15) ملم لكل من بكتريا : S. aureus وPs. aeruginosa وPr.mirabilis. وE.coli وعلى التوالي مقارنة مع معدلات اقطار مناطق التثبيط للمستخلص الحار وللتركيز نفسه (0 , 0 , 0 , 9.8) ملم وعلى التوالي.بالنسبة الى مستخلص الكلوروفورم لطحلب Cladophora glomerata كان المستخلص الحار اكفا في تاثيره على البكتريا بتركيز( 256 ملغم / مل ) , اذ يلاحظ من معدلات اقطار مناطق التثبيط ( 13 , 13 , 17 , 20 ) ملم لكل من : S. aureus , Ps. aeruginosa ، Pr. mirabilis. ، E.coli وعلى التوالي مقارنة مع معدلات اقطار مناطق التثبيط للمستخلص البارد وللتركيز نفسه (0 , 0 , 0 , 9) ملم وعلى التوالي.كان مستخلص الكلوروفورم الحار لطحلب Cladophora glomerata معنويا اكثر كفاءة من المستخلصات الاخرى لجميع المذيبات في تثبيط نمو البكتريا المعزولة من اخماج الجروح والحروق, لذا استعمل هذا المستخلص انموذجا للتجارب اللاحقة .اظهرت نتائج الكشف عن المركبات الفعالة باستعمال التفاعلات الكيميائية احتواء مستخلص الكلوروفورم لطحلبCladophora glomerata على كل من التانينات والصابونينات والفلافونويدات والقلويدات والكلايكوسيدات والتربينات والفينولات والراتنجات.واظهرت نتائج التحري عن المحتوى الكيميائي من المواد الفعالة باستعمال تقنية الـGC - Mass Spectrophotometer احتواء مستخلص الكلوروفورم لطحلب Cladophora glomerata الذي اظهر كفاءة عالية في تثبيط نمو الاحياء المجهرية المعزولة من خمجات الجروح والحروق لاحتوائهما على العديد من المركبات ذات التاثيرات البايولوجية ضد المايكروبية. | The present study includes isolation and identification of Macro - alga from water body. Macro - algae was isolated ,Cladophora glomerata from Baher Al - Najaf region in Holy Najaf city . This experiment includes the measurement of some chemical and physical characteristics of Baher AL - Najef water which Cladophora glomerata was isolated from it . Temperature, electric conductivity (EC),PH, hardness and concentration of ions : Chloride, Sulphates and Carbonates. The Results were showed that the measurements of : air temperature was (24)˚C while water temperature was (18) ˚C, EC (20500) µS/cm; PH (7.8 ) ; and salinity (1.62)0/00.The concentration of positive and negative ions such as Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl and SO4 were (3085,1376,3815,3815,6.8,2988 and 3694) mg/ml respectively Three types (Ethanol, Ethyl acetate and Chloroform) were used to extract Cladophora glomerata in order to evaluate their antibacterial activity against some bacterial isolates which isolated from wound and burn infection includes ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , Proteus mirabilis Escherichia coli,) .The percentage yields of extracts of ( hot - cold ) for Cladophora glomerata were Ethanol ( 8 - 12 ) % , Ethyl acetate ( 4 - 8 ) % and Chloroform (13.2 - 54.8) %. Different concentrations of these algal extracts had prepared which were (32, 64, 128 and 256) mg/ml and the antagonistic activity against the isolated bacteria from wound and burn infection were evaluated by measured the diameter of inhibition zone. The effect of hot Ethanol extract of Cladophora glomerata on the bacterial growth revealed that at a concentration of 256 mg /ml the diameter of Inhibition zone were ( 20 , 15 , 9 , 11 ) mm for S. aureus Ps. aeruginosa ، Pr. mirabilis. E.coli , respectively , when compared with cold Ethanol extract which were ( 17 , 11 , 10 , 10) mm , respectively. The effect of cold Ethyl acetate extract of Cladophora glomerata on the bacterial growth revealed that at a concentration of 256 mg /ml the diameter of Inhibition zone were ( 15 , 12 , 10 , 10 ) mm for S. aureus Ps. aeruginosa ، Pr. mirabilis. E.coli , respectively , when compared with hot Ethyl acetate extract which were ( 9.8 , 0 , 0 , 0) mm , respectively. The effect of hot Chloroform extract of Cladophora glomerata on the bacterial growth revealed that at a concentration of 256 mg /ml the diameter of Inhibition zone were ( 20 , 17 , 13 , 13 ) mm for S. aureus Ps. aeruginosa ، Pr. mirabilis. E.coli respectively , when compared with cold Chloroform extract which were ( 9 , 0 , 0 , 0) mm , respectively. Because hot Chloroform extract of Cladophora glomerata was more efficiency effective than the other extracts , only the hot Chloroform extract of Cladophora glomerata will used in the next experiments. Results indicated that the active chemical compounds in hot Chloroform extract of Cladophora glomerata were Tannins, Saponins , Flavonoids, Resins , Glycosides , Terpenes, Alkaloid and Phenols. Results indicated that hot Chloroform extract of Cladophora glomerata has a lot of active chemical compounds against micro - organisms by using the GC - Mass Spectrometry technology

دراسة تشريحية مقارنة لتراكم الصابونيات وتقديرها في نبات Yucca gloriosa Variegata L. الكامل ومزارعه النسيجية

اسم المؤلف: انسام غازي عبد الحليم علي
اسم المشرف: بشرى محمد جابر علوش كاظم محمد ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد نبات الخنجر الاسباني Yucca gloriosa Variegata L. نبات زينة وطبي مهم, ينمو في المناطق الجافة وشبه الجافة حول العالم. يعد التكاثر الخضري التقليدي للنبات عن طريق العقل والخلفات وسيلة غير كافية نظرا الى الاعداد المحدودة التي يستطيع انتاجها، وعليه توفر تقنية زراعة الانسجة النباتية طريقة بديلة للانتاج التجاري لهذا النبات. ازداد الاهتمام بنبات Y. gloriosa لان جميع اجزاء النبات غنية بالمركبات الستيرويدية التي لها قيمة علاجية واسعة. اجريت الدراسة بهدف اكثار هذا النبات نسيجيا واختبار انتاج الانسجة من الصابونيات الستيرويدية في انسجة الزروعات ومقارنتها مع محتوى هذه المركبات في النبات الكامل باستعمال التحليلات الكروماتوغرافية والمجهر الفلوريسيني والذي يعتبر طريقة جديدة فعالة لتقدير مستوى تراكم المركبات الثانوية واختبار المنتجات النباتية الطبيعية التي تستعمل كعقاقير طبية. لدراسة الاخلاف خارج الجسم الحي اضيفت تراكيز مختلفة من منظمات النمو البنزل ادنين BA)) وحامض النفثالين NAA)) وتداخلهما الى الوسط الغذائي موراشيج وسكوج(MS) لاستحثاث الكالس من الاوراق والبراعم. سجلت النسبة المئوية لاستحثاث الكالس والوزن الطري ولون وبنية الكالس بعد 1.5 و6.0 اشهر من الزراعة. استحث الكالس من اجزاء الاوراق في وسط MS مجهز ﺑ 6 ملغم/لتر NAA. اظهرالتداخل بين 0.2 ملغم/لتر BA و1.5 ملغم/لتر NAA تاثير ملحوظ في نشوء الكالس من البراعم. تم اختبار تاثير اضافة منظم النمو الثايدايازورون (TDZ) ﺑتراكيز مختلفة (0.0, 0.1, 0.5 او (1.0 ملغم/لتر الى وسط MS مجهز ﺑ BAو NAAفي استحثاث الكالس. سجل اسرع نمو واكثر انتاجية للكالس من البراعم في الوسط المجهز ﺑ 0.1 ملغم/لتر BA مع 1.5 ملغم/لتر NAA و1.0 ملغم/لتر TDZ. اظهر TDZ تاثيرا ايجابيا في ٳستحثاث الكالس من البراعم مقارنة مع BA او NAA, واعطت بعض التداخلات تكوين مباشر للافرع الخضرية. تميز الكالس الناتج من البراعم بلونه الٲبيض المائل الى الكريمي وبكونه متراص, بينما كان كالس الاوراق اخضر اللون ومفصص. تم اختبار تاثير عدة تداخلات من BA 3)، 6، 7، 8 او 9 ملغم / لتر) و0.05) NAA، 0.1 او 0.2 ملغم / لتر) في تكوين النبيتات على وسط MS في غضون 12 اسبوعا، كان اعلى تكوين للنبيتات بوجود 9) ملغم / لتر) BA و0.1) ملغم / لتر) NAA . حدد تاثير اندول حمض البيوتريك (IBA) بتراكيز مختلفة في تكوين الجذور. ان افضل تجذيرللنبيتات كان في وسط MS بقوة ½ المجهز ﺑ 1.0 ملغم / لتر IBA. استخلصت وشخصت الصابونيات الستيرودية التايكوجينين والجيتوجينين من اجزاء النبات الكامل (اوراق، جذور وقمم نامية) ومزارعه النسيجية (الكالس، الاجزاء الخضرية التي تم اخلافها بطريقة مباشرة وغير مباشرة، الجذور) من النبات. جرى الكشف الاولي للصابونيات الستيرويدية باستعمال الطبقة الرقيقة الكروماتوغرافية (TLC). كما قدرت الصابونيات الستيرويدية (التايكوجينين والجيتوجينين) باستعمال الكروماتوغرافي عالي الاداء (HPLC). اظهرت مستخلصات الكحول البيوتانولي وجود التايكوجينين والجيتوجينين في كل جزء من النبات ومزارعه النسيجية بمدى يتراوح من 128.29الى409.75 ومن51.04 الى236.62 مايكروغرام/غرام على التوالي. سجلت اعلى قيمة للسابوجينينات sapogenins في اوراق النبيتات المعاد اخلافها بطريقة غير مباشرة. ان كمية هذه المركبات كانت جديرة بالاعتبار في انسجة الكالس المعامل مع TDZ اعتمادا على فترة نشوء الكالس القصيرة (ثلاثة اسابيع). نفذت دراسة تشريحية لملاحظة تراكم الصابونينات في اجزاء النبات الكامل ومزارعه النسيجية باستعمال المجهر الفلوريسيني وتبين بان اعلى تراكم قد ظهر في انسجة اوراق النبيتات التي تم اخلافها بطريقة غير مباشرة وفي انسجة الكالس المستحث نشوءه بمنظم النمو .TDZ سجل تغير في محتوى الصابونيات خلال فترات نمو الكالس المختلفة. | Yucca gloriosa Variegata L. is an important ornamental and medicinal plant, grows in arid and semi - arid regions around the world. Traditional vegetative propagation of the plant by cuttings and offsets is not adequate due to the limited numbers that can be produced. Plant tissue culture technique provides an alternative method for commercial propagation of this plant. The interest in Y. gloriosa increased because all parts of this plant are rich in steroidal compounds that have vast therapeutic values. This study was performed to propagate this plant in vitro and investigate the yield of steroidal saponins in the plant tissue cultures. Comparison of the saponins yield in intact plant and tissues or organs derived from it using chromatographic analysis and fluorescence microscopy was carried out. To search the potential of in vitro rapid regeneration of this plant, different concentrations of 6 - Benzyladenine (BA), 1 - naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and combinations of both were assessed for callus induction on leaf and bud explants using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Callus response initiation percentage, fresh weight, texture and color of the callus were evaluated after 1.5 and 6.0 months in culture. The appropriate medium for callus initiation on leaf explants was MS medium supplemented with 6.0 mg/l NAA. A combination of 0.2 mg/l BA and 1.5 mg/l NAA also exhibited a remarkable callus induction on bud explants. Addition of thidiazuron (TDZ), BA and NAA at various concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/l) were examined for callus initiation. Faster growth and more proliferation of callus on bud explants were observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l BA + 1.5 mg/l NAA + 1 mg/l TDZ. Results showed that TDZ was more efficient for inducing callus than BA or NAA however some combinations gave direct shoot regeneration. Calli derived from bud explants were whitish to creamy and compact, while calli derived from leaf explants were greenish. The influence of different combinations of BA (3, 6, 7, 8 or 9 mg/l) and NAA (0.05, 0.1 or 0.2 mg/l) on shoot proliferation on MS medium were tested. Within 12 weeks, the highest shoot formation was in the presence of BA (9 mg/l) and NAA (0.1 mg/l). The effect of indole - 3 - butyric acid (IBA) at different concentrations on root proliferation was determined. The best rooting of plant microshoots was found in MS medium provided with 1.0 mg/l IBA. The extraction and identification of steroidal sapogenin tigogenin and gitogenin from both intact plant parts (leaves, rhizomes and shoot apices) and tissue cultures (calli, direct and indirect regenerated shoots, rhizomes) of Y. gloriosa Variegata L. were performed. Preliminary identification of steroidal sapogenin was done using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Qualitative and quantitative assessment of steroidal saponins (tigogenin and gitogenin) was also performed by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The butanolic extracts showed the existence of tigogenin and gitogenin in all plant parts and their tissue cultures ranging from 128.29 to 409.75 and 51.04 to 236.62 μg/g respectively. Maximum sapogenins value was recorded in indirect regenerated shoots. The amount of these sapogenins in callus treated with TDZ was considerable since callus initiated rapidly within 3 weeks. Anatomical study investigating saponins accumulation in both intact plant parts and their tissue cultures were performed using fluorescence microscopy under ultraviolet (UV) to determine the site of saponin accumulation. Histological analysis using fluorescence microscope showed that saponins primarily accumulated in indirect regenerated leaf tissues and in callus treated with TDZ. Saponins levels changed during different periods of callus growth

مقارنة تاثير انواع وتراكيز المستخلصات النباتية مع عدد من المضادات الحياتية على البكتريا المسببة لالتهاب اللثة Comparison the effect of the types and concentrations of plant extracts with some antibiotics on bacteria that cause gingivitis

اسم المؤلف: اسامة غازي اسماعيل الزهيري
اسم المشرف: نجم عبد الله جمعة الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في محافظة ديالى للفترة من1/10/2014 الى 1/04/ 2015 ، جمعت العينات البكتيرية باستخدام مسحات قطنية معقمة من الاشخاص الذين يعانون من مرض التهاب اللثة في المراكز التخصصية للاسنان في مدينة بعقوبة , ثم نقلت العينات الى مختبر الاحياء المجهرية/مستشفى بعقوبة التعليمي. تم تشخيص هذه العزلات البكتيرية من قبل العاملين في المختبر وهي : Staphylococcus aureusو Escherichia coliو Proteus sppو Streptococcus pyogene تضمنت الدراسة اختبار حساسية العزلات البكتيرية قيد الدراسة تجاه ستة انواع من المضادات الحيوية وهي (Tetracyclin وAmoxicillin وAugmentin وTrimethoprim وGentamicin وAmikacin). اذ بينت نتائج فحص الحساسية للعزلات البكتيريا ان بكتريا E.coli وProteus spp اظهرتا حساسيتهما تجاه المضادات الحيوية Amoxicillin وAugmentin وTrimethoprim وGentamicin وAmikacin في حين اظهرتا مقاومتهما تجاه Tetracyclin , اما بالنسبة الى بكتريا S. aureus وS. pyogens فقد اظهرتا حساسيتهما تجاه مضادات Amikacin وGentamicin وAugmentin وTrimethoprim في حين اظهرتا مقاومتهما لمضادات Tetracyclin وAmoxicillin. كما تضمنت الدراسة الكشف النوعي والتقدير الكمي للمركبات الفعالة الموجودة في نباتات القرنفل والكجرات والسواك فضلا عن دراسة تاثير المستخلص الكحولي ومستخلص الماء الحار ومستخلص الماء البارد للنبات قيد الدراسة وبثلاثة تراكيز 50 و100 و200ملغم.مل - 1. بينت نتائج الكشف النوعي ان النباتات المستعملة في الدراسة تحتوي على العديد من المركبات الفعالة وهي القلويدات والصابونينات والفلافونات والتانينات والكلايكوسيدات والزيوت الطيارة والراتنجات . اما بالنسبة الى التقدير الكمي فبينت النتائج ان المواد الفعالة ظهرت بنسب مئوية عالية في المستخلص الكحولي يليه المستخلص المائي الحار ثم المستخلص المائي البارد , وان الكجرات اكثر النباتات الذي يحتوي على نسبة عالية من المواد الفعالة يليه السواك والقرنفل . اظهرت المستخلصات النباتية فاعلية تثبيطيه تجاه العزلات البكتيرية قيد الدراسة ، اذ ان هذه العزلات كانت حساسة بالدرجة الاولى للمستخلص الكحولي ثم المستخلص المائي الحار يليه المستخلص المائي البارد. بينت الدراسة ايضا ان مستخلصات نبات الكجرات كان اكثر الانواع النباتية تثبيطا تجاه البكتريا يليه مستخلصات السواك ثم مستخلصات القرنفل , وان الفعالية التثبيطية للمستخلص النباتي ازدادت بزيادة تركيزه , اذ اعطى التركيز 200ملغم.مل - 1 اعلى فعالية تثبيطيه تجاه الانواع البكتيرية. | This study was conducted in Diyala province for the period from 01/10/2014 to 01/04/2015, bacterial samples were collected using sterile cotton swabs from people who suffer from gum inflammation disease in specialized centers of the teeth in the city of Baquba, and then the samples were transferred to biology lab microstructure / Baquba Teaching Hospital. It has been diagnosed with this bacterial isolates by those working in the laboratory which is : Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and Proteus spp and streptococcus pyogenes. The study tested the sensitivity of bacterial isolates under study toward six kinds of antibiotics which (Tetracyclin and Amoxicillin and Augmentin and Trimethoprim and Gentamicin and Amikacin). As the results of the examination of the sensitivity of the isolates of the bacteria showed that the bacteria E - coli and Proteus spp have shown resistance toward antibiotics Amoxicillin and Augmentin and Trimethoprim and Gentamicin and Amikacin while demonstrated their resistance toward Tetracyclin, As for the bacteria, S. aureus and S. pyogens has demonstrated sensitivity toward anti - Gentamicin and Amikacin and Augmentin and Trimethoprim while demonstrated their resistance to antibiotics Tetracyclin and Amoxicillin. The study also included qualitative detection and quantification of the active compounds in plants Eugenia caryophyllus Hibiscus sabdariffa and Salvadora persica as well as the study of the influence of alcoholic extract and extract hot water and cold water extract of the plant under study and three concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg.ml - 1. Results showed that the qualitative detection used in the study of plants contain many active compounds which alkaloids and saponins and tannins and Filavonat and Alkleikosadat and volatile oils and resins. As for the quantification of the results it stated that the active substances showed high percentages in the alcoholic extract, followed by warm water and then extracted aqueous extract cold, and Hibiscus sabdariffa more plants that contains a high concentration of active substances, followed by Salvadora persica and Eugenia caryophyllus. Plant extracts showed inhibitory effective against bacterial isolates under study, since these isolates were sensitive primarily to extract alcohol and aqueous extract hot water extract, followed by cold. The study also showed that the plant extracts Hibiscus sabdariffa was more plant species toward inhibition of bacteria, followed by Salvadora persica and then extracts Eugenia caryophyllus extracts, and that the effectiveness of inhibitory plant extract increased by increasing its focus, as it gave focus 200 mg.ml - 1. higher effective inhibitory toward bacterial species

دور الجبرلين والسالساليك والبوتاسيوم في تقليل التاثيرات الضارة لملوحة التربة في صنفين من الحنطة الناعمة Triticum aestivum L. The Role of Gibberellien And Salicylic And Potassium In Reduce The Harmful Effrcts of Soil Salinity In Two Wheat Cultivars Triticum Aestivum L.

اسم المؤلف: هدى نافع كريم
اسم المشرف: وسام مالك داود
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت هذه الدراسة في قسم علوم الحياة - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة للموسم الشتوي 2014 - 2015 لبيان دور الرش بالجبرلين وحامض السالساليك والبوتاسيوم في زيادة تحمل صنفين من الحنطة للاجهاد الملحي.تضمنت الدراسة رش الجبرلين وحامض السالساليك والبوتاسيوم بالتراكيز | This study carried out in the department of Biology - College of Education for pure science in winter season 2014 - 2015 to indicate the role of spray by of gibberellien and salicylic acid and potassium in increased tolerance of two wheat cultivars to salt stress.The study included spray of gibberellien and salicylic acid and potassium with the concentrations of 200, 100 and 3000 mg.Liter - 1 on the vegetative of two wheat varieties Rashid and Diglha to increase the tolerance to the two levels of soil salinity and which are 3 and8 ds.m - 1.Through study of some morphological and physiological traits (germination rate, speed germination coefficient, number of tillers, flag leaf area, plant height, chlorophyll content, proline content, sodium and potassium rate securities, number of spikes, number of spikelet, spike length, grain protein ratio, weight of 1000 grain and grain yield).The results showed that increasing the level of soil salinity led to obtain significant decrease in the most of the traits, the study also showed adiscrepancy between the two cultivars, it was the product growth indicators Rashid best of Diglha and for most of the traits. Where spraying potassium gave the best results for most of the traits through reduce the negative impact of salt stress on plant wheat more than spraying gibberellien and salicylic acid. The study showed that the treatment of spraying potassium it was superior in most of the traits results and of these qualities is the description of the number of tillers where recorded 19.3 branch. Plant - 1 and recipe flag leaf area where the 28.20cm2 and the recipe chlorophyll content 88.181 spad and prescription rate securities where sodium ratio 0.151% and in the number of spikes reaching 14.8 spike. Plant - 1 and the average number of spikelet which is 21.0 spikelet. Spike - 1 and the percentage of protein in grain 18.1% and grain yield reaching 11.497 gm. Planter - 1.

دراسة تصنيفية حياتية مقارنة لانواع من الجنس Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) في العراق A Comparative Biosystematic Study of Some Species of The Genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ازهار طاهر صليبي
اسم المشرف: عذية ناهي سلمان المشهداني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لثلاث وعشرين مرتبة تصنيفية تعود جميعها للجنس Euphorbia L. من العائلةEuphorbiaceae النامية في العراق، تضمنت الجوانب المظهرية العامة والدقيقة ودراسة حبوب اللقاح والمركبات الكيميائية والبيئة والتوزيع الجغرافي فضلا عن ا | The current research deal with twenty - three taxa belong to the genus Euphorbia L., Family Euphorbiaceae grown in Iraq. The study included the gross general morphological and micromorphological characters, the Pollen grains also studied and the chemical compounds, Ecological and geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment have done.Also botanical key was putted to separate the species. General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa spread in, and the result was a large crowds of samples, and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded. The specimens studied, and correct the mistake naming, specimens were identified and reidentified some miss identified specimens in the Iraqi herbaria. A comparative morphological study was undertaken to all plants parts of taxa appeared from habit and duration of taxa to the quantitative and qualitative attributes the members of the vegetative and floral parts included the roots, stems, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts and drew charts diagrams, tables and accompanying with natural images for different morphological characteristics, as well as the field images. This study showed that all species was herbs, shrubs and succulent and semisucculent annual and perinnal, the major taxonomic importance was for flowering parts includeing the specific Inflorescence, installation of a cupped and its regularity on the branches of the plant, glands forms, numbers, presence or lack of appendages, bractes and bracteoles shapes, dimensions and color fruits shape, indumentum and seeds forms, dimension and her surface sculpturing; and the presence or lack of caruncle, as well as the qualities of roots, stems and leaves, and the morphological characteristics of all plant parts mentioned above have a taxonomic importance in identification and separation of the studied taxa. The study of the micromorphological characters of hairs, leaves epidermal cells and the stomatal complex which included anomocytic, paracytic, anisocytic and tetracytic, have a taxonomic importance of supporting the morphological characters in separation and identification of the genus taxa.The pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because their different in shape, dimensions of polar and equatorial view, the wall thickness and their ornamentation. They are mostly of Tricolporate except two species were Hexacolporate, also the differences in their shape in the polar and equatorial view.They were spheroidal, ovoid and oblate - spheroidal in the polar view and oblate, spheroidal, subprolate and oblate - spheroidal in the equatorial view.The ornomentation they were reticulate, microreticulate and foveoate.The chemical study also importance in separation of the genus taxa four compounds Flavonoids diagnosed in all the studing species but different in concentrations, by using HPLC, they are Myriscetin, Quercetin, Kaempferol and Coumarin esculetin and this confirms that there are a common evolutionary link between the species in terms of their chemical properties, which suggests belonging species to the genus Euphorbia.Through field surveys and information installed on the herbarium samples, the taxa where distributed on their growth areas, and maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical districts. the species of Euphorbia were distributed in all Iraqi districts especially in LCA, MSU, MRO, and DWD and some species were farmed in gardens and nurseries either to the beauty of their bractes colors or because their acceleration to the environmental changes such as succulent species, As well as wild species were spread in mountainous areas, oak, nuts forests, in orchards, cultivated fields, flat plains and desert areas in loam soils, clay, gravel, and sand. Through this study some new taxa where founded in Iraq and they are E. cyparissias Kunth ; E. maculata L. ; E. serpens L. ; E. tirucalli L., and this study suggests to recorded them for the first time in Iraq.

تاثير المستخلصات المائية والكحولية لنباتات ليمون البصرة والرمان والبلوط على البكتريا المسببة للاسهال The Effect of Aqueous And Alcoholic Extracts of The Plants (Aurantifolia Varacidica, Punica Granatum, And Quercus Robur) On The Bacteria Causing Diarrhea

اسم المؤلف: نور جبار احمد علي
اسم المشرف: نجم عبد الله جمعة الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة في محافظة ديالى للمدة من 17 اب 2014 ولغاية 15 شباط 2015, اذ اخذت اربع عزلات جرثومية جاهزة بعد عزلها من حالات مرض الاسهال وهي Proteus mirabilis وKlebseilla pneumonia وEscherichia coli وSalmonella typhimurium0تناولت الدراسة تاثير مستخلصات نب | This study was conducted in Diyalaprovince during the period that lasted from 17 August, 2014 to 15 February 2015, four ready bacterial isolates were taken after isolating them from diarrhea disease cases and then they were diagnosed by the bactriology in the bacteriology lab/ Baqubah teaching hospital.The isolates were : Salmonella typhimurum, Escherichia coli, Klebseilla pnumonia, and Proteus mirabilis. The study investagated the effect of the plants extracts of Punicagranatum, Quercusrobur, and aurantifoliavaracidica Citrus on the bacterial isolates that caused diarrhea.The bacterial isolates showed a various sensitivity toward the plants extracts. The sensitivity of isolates against extracts were to alcoholic extract, hot aqueous extracts cold water extracts of all the plants used in the study The study showed that plant extract ofQuercusroburwas the more effect on the growth of the bacterial isolates Punicagranatum extractsand extract of Aurantifoliavaracidica respectively. The high inhibition zone concentration were at 100 and 80 mg /ml. The isolates that had moer sensitivity toward the plants extracts were : Klebseilla pnumonia, Salmonella typhimurum, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli respectively. The study investigated with the qualitative and quantitative of active compounds found in the plants extracts used in the study. The result showed that the plant were rich of many secondary metabolic compounds like : (Taninat, clycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, pheonols and saponins) Also, the present study showed the toxid effect of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts on the red blood cells. it showed also that there was cytotoxic of the cold and hot aqueous extract for all the plants used in the study. The result showed the resistant of the bacterial isolates against some antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Amikacin, trimethoprim, Gentamicin and Nalidixic acid. The study showed that the bacterial isolates had a highest ratio of resistance against the antibiotics Amikacin, Trimethoprim, and Cefotaxime

تاثير الاضافة الارضية والتغذية الورقية بالبوتاسيوم في بعض صفات النمو والحاصل للذرة الصفراء (Zea mays L.) Effect of Potassium Application By Soil And Foliar Fertilizer In Some Growth And Yield of Maize Zea Mays L

اسم المؤلف: هشام هاشم صالح الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: وسام مالك داود
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت هذه التجربة في المشتل التابع لمديرية زراعة محافظة ديالى خلال الموسم الخريفي لعام 2014 في تربة ذات نسجة طينية رملية بهدف معرفة تاثير الاضافة الارضية والتغذية الورقية بالبوتاسيوم في بعض المؤشرات المظهرية والفسلجية للذرة الصفراء Zea mays.L.. تضمنت التجر | This study has been achieved in a nursery that belongs to the Directorate of Agriculture of Diyala governorate in autumn 2014. The soil in which the corn is grown was Sandy clay. The aim of this study is to know the effect of Potassium application by Soil and Foliar in some morphological and Physiological Parameters of Corn (Zea mays L.) Buhooth 106. The randomize complete block design (RCBD) was conducted in this study with three replications Ground addition 80, 40, 20, 0 kg. k.ha - 1 and foliar applications (0, Spray with water, 3000 and 4000 mg k.L - 1) as Potassium sulfite (41.5% K). The results show that there are differences in the third level (40 Kg.K.ha - 1). The differences are in the Plant height (162.4 cm) , Leaf Area (518. Dsm2) , Stem diameter (10.7 cm) , Weight of 100 grains (22.7 g) , grain yield of plant (107.2 g.plant - 1), number of Leaves per plant (12.8) , ear Length (20.0 cm) number of grain per ear (641.8). number of rows per ear (16.5), dry matter of green plant (46.2.g.plant - 1) Chlorophyll index (48.7 Spade unit) and concentration of protein and Potassium in the leaves. Using K Foliar application treatment was 4000 mg.L - 1 caused Significant difference in the plant high (159.1 cm), Leaf Area (505.1 dsm2) , Steam diameter (10.7 cm) , weight of 100 grain (21.8 g) , grain Yield of plant (109.7 g.plant - 1), number of Leaves (13.0), ear Length (20.4 cm) , number of grain Per ear (633.4) number of rows per ear (16.7) , dry matter yield per plant (39.5) chlorophyll content (50.7) and concentration of protein (2.62%) and concentration of Potassium in Leaves (1.75%) The interaction between the Level 40 Kg.K - 1 as ground addition and 4000 mg.L - 1 as Foliar application gives the best results in all parameters.

تاثير مستخلصات المركبات التربينية والقلوانية والفينولية الخام لنبات الزريج Chrozophora tinctoria L. في بعض جوانب الاداء الحياتي لحشرة الذبابة المنزلية Musca domestica L.(Diptera : Muscidae) مع عزل وتشخيص المركبات الفعالة باستعمال تقنية الكروموتوغرافيا الس The Effect of Crude Extract For, Terpenoids Alkaloids And Phenolic Compounds of Chrozophora Tinctoria L. On Some Biological Aspects of House Fly Musca Domestica L. (Diptera : Muscidae) And Isolation And Identification of Active Compounds By Using High Per

اسم المؤلف: اسيل كريم جبار السلطاني
اسم المشرف: هادي مزعل خضير الربيعي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت سلسلة من التجارب المختبرية في مختبر بيئة الحشرات/كلية العلوم للبنات/جامعة بابل خلال عام 2014 - 2015 تضمنت اختبار فعالية مستخلصات المركبات التربينية والقلوانية والفينولية الخام لنبات الزريج Chrozophora tinctoria في بعض معايير الاداء الحياتي لحشرة الذ | A series of laboratory experiment were conducted in the laboratory of insect /college of Science for women /University of Babylon during the year 2014 - 2015 The present study conducted to evaluate the activity of crude extract of Terpenoid, Alkaliod and Phenolic compounds of Chrozophora tinctoria on some biological aspect of Musca domestica and histological study for effect crude phenolic compound on ovaries as well as isolation and identifaction of active compounds in these extracts.The extract of crude terpenoid compound was more effective than crude alkaloid and phenolic compound in different critirra of biological perphormance. The mortality rates of eggs in the extract of terpenoid alkaloid and phenolic compound at concentration 1mg/ml were (90, 63.7, 39.6)? respectively compared with (0.4, 0.8, 0.8)% in the control tretmentsThe mortality rate of first larval instar was (57.64, 57.00, 26.85)% respectively when treated with crude terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds at concentration 1mg/ml compared with (0.8, 0.8, 0.8)% in the control treatment.The mortality rate of pupae was 18.06% when treated with crude terpenoid extract at concentration 1mg/ml compared with 0.4% in the control treatment. The cumulative mortality rates of immature stage when treated with crude terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compound were (100, 100, 42) % at concentration 1mg/ml compared with (15, 14, 12)% at the control treatment.Developmental period of immature stage was 36.6 days when treated with crude alkaloid extract at 0.25 mg/ml compared with 10.2 days in the control treatment.The pupal weight and female productivity were reduced from 0.1gm, 122.6 egg/female in control treatment to 0.556 gm, 0 egg/female respectively when treated with crude alkaloid extract at 0.25 mg/mlThe different concentration of crude terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compound were effective in the performance of eggs deposition, the nummber of eggs decreases in crude extract terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds at the concentration in same space was (0) egg/femal for all extracts at concentrion 1mg/ml comparted with (117, 118, 106) egg/femal in the control treatment, while was (0) egg/femel when treated in different concentration of terpenoid, alkaloid alone of consentration 1mg/ml compared with (120, 122) egg/femel in the control treatment.The number of eggs was (37) egg/femel when treated with phenolic compounds at same concentration compared with (120) egg/femel in the control treatment.The study included the effect extracts activity for crude phenolic at concentration 1mg/ml in histological structure for insect overies, The length and diameter of ovary and ovares follicles at (24, 96) houres after emergency while the length and diameter of ovary was (625, 468.75)µm respectively at 24 houre at concentration 1mg/ml compared with (652.173, 565.217)µm in the overy of femel in the control treatment. The length and diameter of ovaries follicles were (116.66, 72.22)µm respectively in the femel overy for control treatment, while was not distingwish for follicles female which were produced from treatment. while in (96) hour after emergency the length and dimeter of ovary (1114.285, 971.428)µm respectively when treated with extract compard with (1688.88, 1481.48)µm for overy of female in control treatment.Isolation and identification of active compounds in the crude extract of terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds, of Chrozophora tinctoria by using high performance liquid chromatography (H.P.L.C), Five compounds isolated from crude terpenoid extract was Teter methyl hydrazine compound which had retention time(1.333) mintue which was the first compound, while seven compounds isolated from phenolic compounds The gallic acid compound had retention time 1.34 mintue, which was the first compound isolation.Two compounds were isolated from crude alkaloid compounds which were berberine and isoquinoline, berberine compound had retention time 2.51 mintue which was more concentration than other compound.

دراسة تصنيفية لبعض اجناس العائلة المركبة Asteraceae في العراق Taxonomical Study of Some Genera From Asteraceae In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: اشواق فالح خزعل العجيلي
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم خضير البيرماني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناول هذا البحث دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لستة اجناس تعود للعائلة المركبة Asteraceae وهي Chrysanthemum L. وGazinia وGerbera وLeontodon L. وTagetes L. وZinnia L. وتميز كل جنس من تلك الاجناس المذكورة باحتوائه على نوع واحد فقط في العراق وهيL. Chrysanthemum coro | The present investigation comprises systematic study for six genera belong to Asteraceae as follow : Chrysanthemum L., Gazinia, Gerbera, Leontodon L., Tagetes L. and Zinnia L. Each genus of those genera described as containing only one species in Iraq, Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Gazinia splendens Gaertn, Gerbera jamisoni F.Gmel, Leontodon laciniatus L., Tagetes patula L. and Zinnia elegans L. respectively. The study was conducted in the laboratory research of plant taxonomy / College of Science women / Babylon university for the period January 2015 until August 2015.The study included morphological, anatomical, palynological and chemical characteristics as well as numerical taxonomy have been done for all species. The importance of taxonomic to studying variations in roots, stems, leaves, inflorescences, involucre bracts, flowering and fruiting parts and Indumentum were discussed. Results showed that many of the vegetative and reproductive characters have the importance taxonomic value for isolating genus from each other such as presence and absence of the stem and the nature of the basal and cauline leaves in addition the present of leafy stipule as well as the nature of Indumentum.Anatomical characters of leaves epidermises and the cross section of the stem, leaf blade, petiole and peduncles, in addition leaves venation have been studied and their taxonomic importance were assessed.The study also found the pollen grain was tricolporate in general, but the presence of spine or not had an important taxonomic to isolate Gerbera jamisoni by smooth surface compared to the rest of the species, while possible to isolate Gazinia splendens and Leontodon laciniatus by the presence of the bridges in pollen surface. On the other hand it has been the study of chemical content in each of the leaves and flowering heads of the species studied using Gas Chromatography technique (GC) to detect the terpenoid compounds, The presence of compound Nerolidol, Terpinolene in the species.. Gerbera jamisoni, Zinnia elegans emphasized the importance taxonomic chemical content at the level of species and genera.The species were numerically treated on the basis of number of selected characteristic from various studies to obtain the similarity and differences ranges between different species. Dendrogram was drawn for this purpose. As a result of preceding observation this study confirmed the diagnosis of six genera within Asteraceae family in Iraq. Finally all the taxa were treated taxonomically, and the key was prepared for all the taxa studied.

تاثير الملوحة في نمو ونشاط بكتريا الازوتوباكتر واثرهما في نمو نبات الحنطة Triticum aestivum L. The Impact of Salinity On The Growth And Activity of Azotobacter. Spp And Their It Imfuces On The Growth of The Plant Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

اسم المؤلف: اية خالد كريم
اسم المشرف: فارس محمد سهيل
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلاصة اشتملت الدراسة تنفيذ خمس تجارب, فضلا عن عزل بكتريا الـ Azotobacter وتنقيتها وتوصيفها وذلك من خلال جمع 16 عينة تربة من رايزوسفير محاصيل عدة من مناطق مختلفة من محافظة ديالى.كانت اربع تجارب مختبرية نفذت بهدف قياس اقل تركيز مثبط MIC من الـ NaCl في نم | The study imvolved implementation of five experiments, as well as the isolation, purification and classification of the bacteria (Azotobacter) and through the collection (16) soil samples from Rhaizosphre several crops from different regions of the province of Diyala. The four laboratory experiments carried out to measure less inhibitory concentration MIC in the growth and the number of bacteria Azotobacter and fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and produce GA3 from bacteria. Fifth experiment pot experiment to study the effect of two types of bacteria Azotobacter and interference with water drainage in the growth and yield plant wheat (Triticum aestevium L.) type (Aba 99).Isolate and diagnose the bacteria Azotobacter : The screening showed and diagnostic results that 11 isolation is a subsidiary of the type A.chroococcum, and 5 isolates belonging to the sensitization A.vinelandii.The isolates (A10, A2, A6, A8) was chosen from A.chroococcum and (A9, A5, A16, A14) was chosen from A.vinelandii was chosen as local isolate used in laboratory experiments based on the measurement of the soil salinity isolated ones, and selected isolates A10, A8, A5, A14 local isolate used as biofertility to the experience of pots because of their ability to nitrogen fixation by measuring the amount of nitrogen fixation in the third experiments. Laboratory experiments : The first and second experiment : Two trials were conducted Laboratory by using randomized complete block design (RCBD), each experiment included (120) experimental unit for each lap. Resulted from (8) isolates bacterial and five Trakizmn salt NaCl (0, 1, 3, 5, 7)% and (3) replicates, and incubated for three periods lap (1.3, 6) days to calculate the (MIC) in the growth and cell numbers bacterial. The results showed that the number of bacteria cells A.vinelandii rate increase all isolates A.chroococcum regardless of the concentrations of NaCl and extended incubation. Although isolates (A16, A14) isolated from soil salty surpassed isolates (A9, A5) isolated from soil is salty, and isolates (A8, A6) A.chroococcum of bacteria isolated from soil salty surpassed isolates (A10, A2) isolated from non - saline soil. The highest values of the numbers of bacteria are isolates A8, A16, amounting to (11.13, 11.0) * 104.cfu g - 1 dry soil. The increase in the concentration of NaCl led to a decrease significantly in the growth and the number of bacteria Azotobacter cells as the decline amounted to 17.13%, 45.52%, 59.50%, 76.99% at concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, respectively, and recorded the lowest numbers in the values of focus 7%, reaching 3.80 * 104. Cfu g - 1 dry soil. The growth and numbers of bacteria Azotobacter increased treatment effect when increasing the extended cuddling and all concentrations of NaCl. In a period of one lap on all isolates were grown in 1% NaCl concentration of the MIC for all isolates focus is 1%, while the two lap 3 days, all isolates growing focus recorded (3%, 5%) excluding A16 isolation of bacteria A.vinelandii was able to focus on growth until 7%, so the damper the MIC for this isolation focus is to concentrate 7%, while the rest of the isolates the MIC have 5%, which indicates that this isolation is more resistant to salinity of the isolates.The third experiment : The results showed that the rate of nitrogen fixation bacteria Azotobacter between (0.008 - 0.04%), but an increase in local concentrations led to a decline in moral decline as nitrogen fixation rate of 50.0%, 77.5%, 95.0%, 98.0% at concentrations of 1% salinity, 3%, 5%, 7% respectively.All isolated of bacteria Azotobacter can nitrogen fixation in the all salinity level. although A.chroococcum isolates isolated from non - saline soil surpassed isolates isolated from soil salty and all levels of salinity. Fourth experiment : A laboratory Conducted experiment by using a randomized complete block design (RCBD), included the experiment (12) experimental unit. Resulted from (4) bacterial isolates and three concentration of salt NaCl (0, 3, 5)% to calculate the MIC in the production of bacteria gibbereline Azotobacter. The results showed that the production rate of bacteria gibberline Azotobacter and all isolates ranged from 0.996 - 3.6 mg. L - 1, regardless of the concentration of added NaCl. And increasing salinity levels have led to a reduction in the production of Aljprlin, recorded A8 isolation from A.chroococcum isolated from soil salty higher values in the production of Aljprlin and all levels of salinity Experiemet of pots : The experiment was Carried out in the College of Agriculture, University of Diyala in the soil of a fusion sand using a design full sectors randomized (RCBD) in the winter season of the year (2013 - 2014). The experiment included on (60) experimental unit, resulting from the overlap between the four isolates bacterial treatment compared without the addition of bacterial vaccine and four concentrations of water drainage. The results showed that the addition of the vaccine bacterial gave a significant increase in plant height, dry weights of grouped shoot and root, leaf area, chlorophyll content, holds grains, protein and the concentration of elements of N and decrease the concentration of Na elements, Cl and proline.The addition of the vaccine bacterial and all isolates used led to a significant increase in plant height, dry weights of grouped shoot and root, leaf area, chlorophyll content, holds grains, protein and the concentration of elements of N, and decrease the concentration of Na elements, Cl and the preparation of bacteria Azotobacter in the soil compared to non - bacterial vaccine in addition to all the concentrations of water drainage. The isolates were isolated from soil salty gave an increase in traits higher than isolates isolated from non - saline soil.

دراسة تصنيفية لانواع مختارة من نباتات ذوات الفلقتين في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة, العراق Taxanomical Study For Selected Dicot. Spp. In The Holy Karbala Province, Iraq

اسم المؤلف: زينة خليل ابراهيم البهادلي
اسم المشرف: علي حسين عيسى الموسوي خليل ابراهيم الشمري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة بيئية لعدة مواقع من محافظة كربلاء المقدسة بين شهري شباط وايار ولسنتي 2013 و2014 من حيث نوع الترب والمجتمعات الاحيائية لهذه المواقع جمعت خلالها انواع مختلفة من النباتات تابعة لعائلات مختلفة ضمن ذوات الفلقة الواحدة وذوات الفلقتين اذ | The present work includes ecological study for different locations of the holy Karbala province between February and May and for the years2013, 2014, investigating soil kinds and communities in these locations. Different plant species of Monocots and Dicots were collected from variable soil kinds, such as sandy saline soil, loamy saline soil and sandy gravely soil. The species of Haloxylon salicornicum, Zygophyllum coccenium were dominant in the communities of sandy saline soil, Nitraria retusa, Juncus sp. and Halocnemum strobilaceum were dominant in loamy saline soil.Comparative anatomical study has been done for (30) Dicots wild species grown in these environments of Karbala province, as follow : a.Family : Aizooaceae1) Aizoon hispanicum L. b.Family : Chenopodiaceae2) Chenopodium murale L.3) Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.)M.Bieb.4) Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.)Bunge ex. Boiss.5) Salicornia herbacea L.c. Family : Compositae (Asteraceae)6) Carthamus oxycantha M.B. 7) Launaea capitata (Spreng.)Dany 8) Launaea mucronata (Forssk.)Muschl. 9) Rechardia tingitana (L.)Roth. d. Family : Convolvulaceae10) Convolvulus oxypyllus Boiss. e. Family : Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)11) Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.)Bioss. 12) Sterigosella africana (L.)Boch. 13) Sterigosella grandiflora (Bnge)Bochantsev 14) Savignya parviflora (Del.)Webb. 15) Neotorularia torulosa (Desf.) Hedge & J. Leonard 16) Zilla spinosa (Turra)Prantl. f. Family : Cucurbitaceae 17) Citrullus colocynthis (L.)Schrad. g. Family : Geraniaceae18) Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Willd.h. Family : Malvaceae19) Malva parviflora L. i. Family : Neuradaceae 20) Neurada procumbens L. j. Family : Nitrariaceae21) Nitraria retusa (Forssk.)Aschers.22) Peganum harmala L. k. Family : Papillionaceae23) Trigonella stellata Forssk. m. Family : Polygoniaceae 24) Rumex versicarius L. n. Family : Resedaceae25) Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl)Macbr.q. Family : Solaneaceae 26) Lycium barbarum L.r. Family : Tamaricaceae 27) Tamarix florida Bge.28) Tamarix macrocarpa (Ehrenb.)Bge.u. Family : Zygophyllaceae29) Fagonia glutinosa Del. 30) Zygophyllum coccenium L. The present research focused on many anatomical characters and studies comparatively, such as epidermis types, stomatal complexes, leaf venation, cross sections of root, stem and vertical sections of leaf blades. Different cross sections were shows variability cuticle thickness and epidermis, vascular cylinder tissues, collenchyma and sclerenchyma in different species studies. Variations were noticed among these tissues in the variable species.Thickness of cuticle epidermis of leaves were variable, and unifacial and bifacial mesophylls were noticed for the first time in some species studies. Some cross sections were obtained for scale leaves in Tamarix florida, Tamarix macrocarpa, Halocnemum strobilaceum, Haloxylon salicornicum and Salicornia herbacea.The anatomical characters of these plant parts has not been studied before for these species, at least for Iraqi specimens. The following species Launaea capitata, Oligomeris linifolia and Zilla spinosa were glabrous in all vegetative and reproductive organs. In time that the other species, Haloxylon salicornicum , Salicornia herbacea, Launaea mucronata, Reichardia tingitana, Strigosella grandiflora , Peganum harmala, Lycium barbarum, Tamarix florida and Tamarix macrocarpa were glabrous just in the vegetative parts, but hairy (pubescent) in the reproductive organs. The indumentums was variable in thickness within variable plant organs and parts, even on the lower and upper leaf surfaces. Different kinds of crystals were found and verified in the stems and leaves of different species. Size and density of these crystals were variable in variable locations of stem and leaf tissues.. Geographical distribution was investigated for all the studied species using Iraqi satellite maps by GIS program. Neotorularia torulosa was the most distributed species, and Rumex versicarius was the least distributed one. Schedules, schemes, illustrations and micrographs were presented for the different species studied in this work. Lastly results were discussed depending on available references and reasons.

دراسة تصنيفية لانواع الجنس Echinops L. (Compositae) في العراق Comparative And Systematical Study of The Genus Echinops L. (Compositae) In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: سكينة عباس عليوي
اسم المشرف: علي حسين عيسى الموسوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناول البحث الحالي دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لانواع الجنس Echinops L. في العراق حيث شملت الصفات المظهرية والتشريحية وحبوب اللقاح، وكذلك البيئة التوزيع الجغرافي فضلا عن المعاملة التصنيفية. شملت الدراسة المظهرية دراسة صفات الجذور والسيقان والاوراق والرؤوس الزهري | The present investigation dealt with comparative systematic study of the genus Echinops L. (Compositae) in Iraq.The work involved comparative morphological and anatomical characters, in addition to palynology, ecology, geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment for these species. Morphological characters of roots, leaves, involucre bracts, inflorescence, in addition to, indumentum variations were discussed and the study concluded that stems, leaves, involucres bracts, especially the inner most layer characters were useful aid in distributing species of the genus. Comparative anatomical characters were used, such as characters of leaves, epidermis stomatal complexes, variation patterns, cross sectionings of stems, leaves as well as L.S of growing points. The study revealed that the anatomical characters are important taxonomically. The present investigation observed that pollen grains of all species were tricolporate and echinate. The taxonomic important of grains characters were assessed of the species. Maps of geographical distribution were prepared for all species studied. The study shown that most species were distributed in the North area of Iraq and a few species of the genus were distributed in the East and South of Iraq. In conclusions, (11) species of the genus Echinops were recognized in Iraq. Taxonomic treatment was carried out for all Echinops species and key was designed for them

تقييم كفاءة بعض المواد الكيميائية ومستخلص الماء المغلي والبارد لنبات الصبار (L.) Opuntia ficus indicaعلى حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية للمشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus خارج الجسم الحي In Evaluation The Efficiency of Some Chemicals And Boiled And Cooled Water Extracts of Cactus Opuntia Ficus Indica (L.) On The Protoscolices Viability of Echinococcus Granulosus In Vitro

اسم المؤلف: اشجان محمد عريبي الخالدي
اسم المشرف: احمد خضير عبيس الحميري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Evaluation study was conducted for some chemical solutions (Formalin, Sodium chloride NaCl and Silver nitrateAg NO3) as well as cooled and boiled cactus plant axtracts for the period from March 2014 till October 2014 on the In vitro protoscolices viability for Echinococcus granulosus by using preservative media solution (Kreb ringer+hydatid cyst fluid, 4 : 1, respectively). Protoscolices were collected from the infected sheeps livers in Al - Hilla and Al - Najaf abattoir, and protoscolices suspention was added to each concentration of the therapeutic agents alone which were used for different time periods. The percentage of the viability of protoscolices was measured by using the eosin aqueous stain (0.1%). The results revealed that the viability of protoscolices percentage (90.72%) and after five days the viability of protoscolices was 60.9 - 68 % and from results showed that the silver nitrate solution with concentrations (100, 125, 250, 500, 1000) ?g/ml was the highest solution which succed in killing the protoscolices 100% at the first hour of experiment, followed the sodium chloride solution with concentrations (100, 125) mg/ml at the first hour, then the boiled cactus plant extracts with concentration 10 mg/ml showed high efficiency and succeded to killing the protoscolices 100 % after 48 hours from another cooled cactus plant extracts with concentration 10 mg/ml which succeded to killing protoscolices after 72 hours as well as the albendazole drug with concenrtation 400 mg/ml which succeded in killing the protoscolices 100 % after 72 hours while the formalin solution with concentration 40 % succeded in killing the protoscolices 100 % after 96 hours from the experiment

اليات استحثاث المقاومة في نبات الخيار بواسطة Trichoderma harzianum وBacillus subtilis وGlomus mosseae اتجاه الفطر Rhizoctonia solani المسبب لمرض سقوط البادرات Resistance Mechanisms In Cucumber Plant By Trichoderma Harzianum, Bacillus Subtilis And Glomus Mosseae Against Rhizoctonia Solani Causing Seedling Disease

اسم المؤلف: رباب مجيد عبد الذهيبي
اسم المشرف: علي هاشم الموسوي هادي مهدي عبود
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت هذه الدراسة للتحري عن اليات استحثاث المقاومة في نبات الخيار ضد الفطر الممرض Rhizoctonia solani بوساطة المعاملة بالعوامل الاحيائية وهي harzianum Trichodermaو Bacillus subtilis وGlomus mosseae وتاثير ذلك في نمو نبات الخيار وحاصله النامي تحت ظروف البيت | This study was carried out to investigate the mechanisms of induced resistance in cucumber plant against pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by bioeagent factors Tricoderma harzianum fungus, Basillus sibtilis bacteria and mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. The effect in parameters growth and yield of cucumber plant which growing under greenhouse and field conditions. The pathogenic fungus showed high Pathogenesis on cucumber plant. Three isolated of B. subtilis and T. harzianum showed high antagonism ability against R. solani under laboratory condition. For mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae isolated was tested to study their ability in cucumber growth for chosen the best isolated which can used in anther experiment which results were as follows : - A - Pots experiment 1 - The bioeagent factors was showed their ability to induced several mechanisms of resistance in cucumber plant against pathogenic fungus R. solani, Which included increasing the activity of defense enzymes in existed of pathogenic fungus R. solani, The treatment (T. harzianum + G. mosseae) was recorded highest level in enzyme activity of Phenylalanine ammonia layase enzyme which was (25.3541) unit/gm fresh weight, While T. harzianum treatment showed significantly increased the enzyme activity of Polyphenol oxidase and Peroxidase which was (10.6707, 2.6137) unit/gm fresh weight respectively. This study showed no enzyme activity for chitinase enzyme excepted in some treatment and some periods.This study recorded increased in plant content of total phenol, lignin, salicylic acid hormone, total protein, The (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) treatment overtaken on other treatments in increased plant content of total phenol which was (1.989) mg/gm fresh weight, B. subtilis treatment was significantly increased plant content of lignin which was (18.318) mg/gm fresh weight, The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) showed significantly increased plant content of salicylic acid hormone which was (1.8658) mg/gm fresh weight. This study recorded no Jasmonic acid hormone activity in treated plant except in some treatments but with low level, The treatment (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) was recorded highest content in total protein which was (239.3) ?g/mg. 2 - The rate of seedling death and disease index was significantly reduced in bioeagent treatments, The lowest rate for seedling death in the treatment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis), (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) which were 11 % each for them comparison with control treatmentwith pathogen which was 100%.3 - The rate number of spores and percentage of mycorrhiza infection was significantly increased when mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae interaction with T. harzianum or B. subtilis. The treatment of mycorrhiza infection with pathogen recorded highest number of mycorrhizal spores which was (1410) spore. The mycorrhiza infection reach to 100% in (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) and(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment with pathogen fungus. The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest index of mycorrhiza infection which reach to (80)%, But the index of mycorrhiza infection and mycorrhizal root weight were decreased in the existed of pathogenic fungus, Mycorrhizal dependency it was increased in all treatments with pathogenic fungus and the treatment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest percentage in Mycorrhizal dependency which was (58.873)%. 4 - The plant content of chlorophyll (a, b, total) was significantly increased, The tratment of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest level in chlorophyll a it was (5.30)mg/gm, the highest level in chlorophyll b found in(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) without pathogen it was (6.07)mg/gm, (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment without pathogen recorded highest level in total chlorophyll it was (10.79)mg/gm. The concentration of phosphor concentration increased in shoot part of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen which was (0.538)%, potassium concentration were decreased in all treatments with pathogen excepted (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) treatment, The highest level of potassium in treatment of (B. subtilis) without pathogen which recorded (4.65)%, For nitrogen concentration was increased in all treatments with pathogen and the highest level in (T.harzianum) which was (5.114)%. Carbon concentration significantly decreased in all treatments with pathogen and (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) without pathogen recorded highest concentration in carbon which was (46.203)%. 5 - The result showed that all growth parameters either in the absence or presence of pathogenic fungus was significantly increased in all bioagent treatments.The percentage of germination reach to (100)% in (B. subtilis) with or without pathogen , the treatment (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) with pathogen recorded highest level in shoot length it was (92.40)cm, And the same treatment recorded highest rate in fresh and dry weight for shoot part which was (7.412, 0.990) gm respectively, (T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest rate in leaf area it was (453.083)cm2, The highest rate of flower number was in (T.harzianum) with pathogen which was (15.66)flower/plant. The fresh and dry weight for root, root length, root surface area and the rate of root diameter were significantly increased in comparison with control treatment without pathogen. The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) without pathogen recorded highest level in fresh and dry weight for root which were (0.359, 0.094)gm respectively. Highest root length in (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) without pathogen it was (48.14)cm, root surface area decreased in the treatments with pathogen and the treatment (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) without pathogen recorded highest root surface area it was (19.16)cm 2, The root diameter was increased in(G. mosseae) with pathogen was reach to (0.363)mm.B - Field experiment 1 - Under field condition the percentage of germination increased in the treatment without pathogen which were (94.44)% in treatments (G. mosseae) , (B. subtilis) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) respectively, In the treatments with pathogen the percentage of germination reduced and The bioeagent factors showed no reduction in percentage of disease infection or disease index with pathogenic fungi R. solani under field condition which reach to (100)%. 2 - The rate number of spores, percentage of mycorrhiza infection, index of mycorrhiza infection, mycorrhizal root weight and Mycorrhizal dependency on cucumber plant significantly increased when mycorrhizal fungus G. mosseae interaction with T. harzianum or B. subtilis. (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) significantly overtaken on other treatments in increased rate of mycorrhizal spors it was (3950)spore, The mycorrhiza infection reach to (100)% in all treatments, For index of mycorrhiza infection the treatments of (G. mosseae + B. subtilis) and (G. mosseae + T.harzianum) recorded highest rate which reach to (100)%, (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment recorded high increased in mycorrhizal root weight and Mycorrhizal dependency which were (545.67 gm, 67.78%) respectively. 3 - The plant content of total chlorophyll was significantly increased, The highest level in(G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) treatment which was 5.19 mg/gm. There was significantly increased in the concentration of nutrition elements P, K, N, C in cucumber plant. The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded highest concentration in phosphor and nitrogen which were (489.4, 3.62) % respectively, The treatment of (G. mosseae + T.harzianum + B. subtilis) recorded highest concentration of potassium which was (2.975)%. The highest concentration of carbon recorded in B. subtilis treatment which was (34.823) %. 4 - All shoot, root and yield parameters of cucumber were significantly increased under field conditions. The treatment (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded significantly increased in plant height, dry shoot weight, leaf area rate number of flowers, rate number of fruit and fruit weight which were (42.87 cm, 10.85 gm, 631.06 cm2, 19, 17, 1275 gm) respectively. The treatment G. mosseae recorded significantly increased in fresh shoot weight which was (32.76) gm. The treatment with (T.harzianum+ B. subtilis) recorded significantly increased in fresh and dry weight of root, root length, root surface area, rate of root diameter, rate number of fruit and fruit weight which were (11.4 gm, 5.5 gm, 151.71 cm, 44.05 cm2, 0.763 mm, 17, 1275 gm) respectively,

استخدام الزراعة النسيجية والفطر Glomusmossaes في الازالة الحيوية لعنصري الرصاص والكادميوم وتحمل الملوحة لنبات السيسبان Sesbaniarostrata L Application of Plant Tissue Culture And Glomusmossaes In Bioremediation of Lead, Cadimum And Salinity Using Sesbaniarostrata L. Plant

اسم المؤلف: التفات فاضل شحاذة الطائي
اسم المشرف: علي هاشم الموسوي كاظم محمد ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت تجارب عدة لغرض دراسة تحمل نبات السيسبان Sesbania rostrata L. للكادميوم والرصاص وكلوريد الصوديوم على مستوى النبات الكامل ومزارعة النسيجية. استحث الكالس واديم على وسط موراشيج وسكوج 1962 والمجهز 0.3 ملغم/لتر من الكاينتين و2 ملغم/لتر من حامض 2, 4 داي مث | Several experiments were carried out to study cadmium, lead and sodium chloride tolerance at the tissue culture or whole plant levels of Sesbania rostrata. Callus was induced and maintained on Murashige and Skooge (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with 0.3 mg/l Kinetin and 2 mg/l 2, 4 - dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4 - D) using cotyledons as the source for callus induction. Different concentrations of cadmium, lead and sodium chloride directly or gradually were added to the culture medium as contaminants. Selected tolerant cell lines were subjected to regeneration. Callus showed better tolerance to gradual exposure than direct addition. The concentrations of Potassium, lead, Cadmium and Sodium recorded to 17, 24, 27, 35 ppm when 1.0, 2.0 mg/L and 0.4% of cadmium, lead and sodium chloride were added respectively. The study included the effect of the cytokinin (benzyl adenine, BA) and the auxin (Naphthalene acetic acid, NAA) on the regeneration of shoots from callus tolerant to pollutants reached 76, 87 and 85% for callus tolerant to Cadmium, Lead and sodium chloride respectively, when the combination of 0.7 mg/l BA and 0.2 mg /l NAA was supplemented to the medium. The effect of indole butyric acid (IBA) on rooting of shoots. The concentration 0.7 mg /l gave highest percentage of rooting amounted to 66, 70 and 85% in a medium supplemented with cadmium, lead and sodium chloride respectively. Acclimatization of plantlets using river sand soil recorded 85% survival. The study was also included effects on plant height and fresh weights, shoot fresh weight was superior at the concentration 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l of cd and pb recording 8.7 and 7.5 g respectively. Treatment with NaCl led to increase the root fresh weight recording 19.1 g. Maximum cd accumulation reached 12.5 ppm in shoots, 10.5 ppm for lead in roots, 39 ppm for NaCl in roots. The experimental work investigated the effect of mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) on cd, pb and NaCl removal by Sesbania plant when grown in either soil contaminated with cd, pb and NaCl or non - contaminated soil (control). Inoculation with mycorrhiza led to an increase in seed germination percentage (96%), plant height (28 cm) in non - contaminated soil, while achieved an increase in shoot and root fresh weight recording 10.0 and 6.8 g respectively. Inoculation with mycorrhiza also led to a significant increase in cd and pb accumulation in roots reached 9.0 and 87.4 ppm respectively. Meanwhile, Mycorrhiza caused a significant increase in Na accumulation in root system (42.5 ppm) which already affected K concentration as a result of competition with Na recording 16.5 ppm in shoots. Mycorrhiza inoculation led to a significant increase in number of root nodes in non - contaminated soil recording 86%. Finally, mycorrhiza succeded in infecting Sesbania rostrata roots reached 90% in non - contaminated soil while it was 85% in contaminated soil

دراسـة مظهرية وتشريحيـة مقارنة للاجناس Sophora L. وTaverniera DC. وSecurigera DC. (Leguminosae) في العراق Morphological And Anatomical Study of Genera Sophora L., Taverniera Dc. And Securigera Dc.(Leguminosae) In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: زهراء قاسم عبد محسن الكلابي
اسم المشرف: ازهار عبد الامير سوسة
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمن البحث الحالي دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية لثلاث اجناس للعائلة البقولية Leguminosae في العراق وهي Securigera DC. وSophora L. وTaverniera DC.، ودرس نوع واحد من الجنسين الاول.securidaca S والثالث T.nummularia ونوعين من الجنس الثاني So.japonica وSo.gibbosa.تم | The present research included Morphological and Anatomical study for three genera Securigera DC. , Sophora L. and Taverniera DC. belong to the family Leguminosae in Iraq. Four species it was taking one species of the first genus S.securidaca and third genus T.nummularia , two species from the second genera So.japonica, So.gibbosa. The study of Qualitative and quantitative characters of vegetative and reproductive parts were also study and discuss The variation in These qualities. Morphological traits were compared in terms qualities of characters of Habit and Duration , stems, leaves, stipules, inflorescences , bracts and parts floral , fruit and indumentum. Species were separated and placed in groups depending on the obvious differences and similarities these qualities as some of morphological characteristics such as the shape of Leaves, if possible to isolate species T.nummularia it have Unifoliolate Leaves and the outer species have Imparipinnate and the rest of stipules shape in isolate species S.securidaca if was a shape Foliar and other species was Spiny and other qualities. other variations have been discussed with in the qualities. And it became clear of Habit and Duration , stems, leaves, stipules, bracts and parts floral, fruit were of considerable taxonomic value. The study also involved anatomical characters of different organs particularly the leaf epidermis, indumentum, cross section of the leaves, petioles and stems also venation.as some Anatomical characters like species S.securidaca for the rest of the species it Undulate wall clearly been under review also benefit from cross section of the stems as possible to isolate species S.securidaca it was Hollow and empty Pith from the cinter either species was Solid if occupies the Pith status. show that many of anatomical characteristics specially the stem, leaf and also the shape of the walls of epidermal cells and some qualities indumentum taxonomic importance were assessed. Taxonomic treatment has been carried out for all genera and their species and a key was designed for them. with description for each genus and species in this study.

تاثير طريقة الزراعة بالشتل لصنفين من الذرة الصفراء Zea mays L. الربيعية تحت نظام الري بالتنقيط Effect of Transplanting Method of Two Maize Cultivars Zea Mays L. Under Drip Irrigation System

اسم المؤلف: نضال ياسر عباس الغركان
اسم المشرف: وسام مالك داود
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Fields of Department of Field Crops Sciences - Faculty of Agriculture - Diyala University during 2014 within the project of the development of maize for spring season in Iraq to study the response of two varieties of maize grown in spring season to transplanting technique under drip irrigation system. Maize seed of varieties Broujen and Cadiz were planted in dates 15/ 1, 15/ 2 and 15/ 3 in Polyethylene bags 8 cm diameter and 18 cm depth in the greenhouse. Seedlings were transferred on 15/1 and 15/2 to the field in 15/3. While the varieties of maize planted inside a greenhouse in 15/ 3 when plants were 4 to 5 leaves transferred to the permanent field. It was in 5 / 4, after 21 days from planting. The experiment was applied according to the Split Plots Design with three replications. Each replicate was divided into two main plots (Broujen and Cadiz variety). Each main plot was divided into four secondary plots which were treatments of methods of agriculture (method of transplanting technique in the greenhouse which is seedlings 15/1, seedlings 15/2, seedlings 15/3 and traditional agriculture method in the permanent field in 15/3). Results have shown that seedlings dates 15/1 and 15/2 led to the events of a significant increase in the mean of plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and leaf area index. they reduce in the vegetative growth period and increase in the weight and length of ear, the number of fertilized grain in it, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and percentage of oil. Varieties showed significant effects on the growth and yield characters. Broujen variety has achieved increase in mean of plant height, stem diameter and reduce in the vegetative growth period and increase in the biological yield. The interaction between the methods of agriculture (method of transplanting technique and traditional agriculture method) and varieties have shown significant effect in stem diameter (before flowering and at the maturity), green leaves number, dead leaves number, leaf area, leaf area index, vegetative growth period and flowering growth period. Therefore, The interaction between the methods of agriculture and varieties have shown significant effect in ear weight, grain weight, cob weight, fertilized grain number, aborted grain number, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index and percentage of oil and protein.

تاثير تراكيز مختلفة من الجبرلين والسماد النتروجيني في نمو وحاصل والمادة الفعالة لصنفين من نبات الكرفس Apium graveolens L. Effect of Use Different Concentration of Gibberellic Acid And Nitrogen Fertilizer On The Growth, Yield And Active Substance For Two Cultivars of Celery

اسم المؤلف: ماهر جاسم محمد الاسدي
اسم المشرف: انتصار حسين مهدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت التجربة في الموسم الشتوي لعام (2013 - 2014) م في اصص بلاستيكية بقياس 15×16 سم في محافظة ذي قار, لمعرفة تاثير الرش بحامض الجبرلين ومستوى السماد النتروجيني والتداخل بينهما في النمو ومحتوى الثمار من الزيت الطيار والمادة الفعالة لصنفين من نبات الكرفس Api | The experiment was conducted in the winter season of the year (2013 - 2014) A.C. in a home garden in the governorate of Dhi Qar, to find out the effect of spraying Gibberellic acid and level of nitrogen fertilizer and the interference between them in the growth and content of the fruits of the essential oil and active substances for two cultivars of Celery (Apium graveolens L.).The design of The experiment was Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replicates in factorial arrangement for three factors (2×4×4 the first factor includes two types of Celery cultivars (local and imported), the second factor includes four concentrations of Gibberellic acid (0, 50, 100 and 150) mg.L - 1, the third one includes four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 10, 20 and 30) kg.dunam - 1. used Revised Least Significant Difference (RLSD) at probability level of (0.05) to compared the averages. The results showed the following : 1 - The local cultivars was significantly Outweighed in content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll and the percentage of essential oil in plant seeds. imported cultivars was significantly Outweighed on the local cultivars in other characters. 2 - The applying of Gibberellic acid caused a significant increase in all traits, the highest percentage increasing of the Characteristics at a concentration of Gibberellic acid (150) mg.L - 1 for most traits.3 - The nitrogen fertilizer levels (30)) kg.dunam - 1 were used gives significant increase in all of studied traits of the plant except for the percentage of phosphorus, where the increase did not reach to the significant level.4 - The interference between cultivars of plant and Gibberellic acid showed a significant difference in most of the studied traits except the Characteristics stem diameter, number of branches, flowering inflorescences, the wet and dry weights for shoot and root increase in significantly. the treatment of (150)) mg.L - 1 with a imported cultivar was Outweighed significantly in most vegetative growth Characteristics.5 - Binary interference between the plant cultivars and nitrogen fertilizer showed a significant effect for most of the characteristics, which reached the highest increase significantly treatment (30) Kg.dunm - 1, nitrogen of the imported cultivars. 6 - The binary interference between Gibberellic acid and nitrogen fertilizer caused significant effect in all traits except number of branches. Outperforming combination plants (150) mg.L - 1, Gibberellin and (30) Kgm.dunm - 1, significantly nitrogen fertilizer in most vegetative growth Characteristics and floral characteristics and the percentage of oil and active substances and yields the plant from seeds and t1000 seed weight.7 - The triple interference between study factors significantly affected the most qualities, where the given combination (150) mg.L - 1, Gibberellin and (30) Kg.dunm - 1, fertilizer nitrogen in the imported cultivars highest significant increase in most vegetative growth Characteristics and yields the plant from seeds.

دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية مقارنة للجنسين Melilotus Mill. وScorpiurus L. (Leguminosae) في العراق A Comparative Morphological And Anatomical Study of Melilotus Mill. And Scorpiurus L. Genera (Leguminosae) In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: وسام عيدان جبر الشمري
اسم المشرف: سهيلة حسين باجي اللامي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: القادسية
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجري البحث الحالي في العام الدراسي (2013 - 2014), اذ تناول دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية مقارنة للجنسين Melilotus Mill. وScorpiurus L. في العراق, والتي شملت اربعة انواع للجنس الاول وهي M. alba Desr. وM. indica L. وM. messanensis L. وM. officinalis L. ونوع واحد ذ | The current research was conducted in the academic year (2013 - 2014), it a comparative morphological and anatomical study of Melilotus Mill. and Scorpiurus L. genera in Iraq, which included four species of the first genus M. alba Desr., M. indica L., M. messanensis L. and M. officinalis L., and one species is two variety to second genus (S. muricatus var. muricatus L. and S. muricatus var. subvillosus L.).Morphological characteristics studied and carried it comparison, starting from the root and the end of fruit and the seed for all species of genera and adopted the most attested qualities and importance in the diagnosis and isolation of those species, as well as prepared the tables, paintings and painted illustrations that serve this purpose. The stem length importance in isolating S. muricatus var. muricatus for M. alba, and through follow - up field for two types of M. indica and M. messanensis observed that the young’s stem contain the trichomes which disappear in the amounting stem for them. It can be used peduncle to isolate the genera from each other in non - interference between them. the flag leaf height character can be to isolate the M. indica from the other species of Melilotus genus has been a summit flag leaf contrast and a clear contrast between the species under study were obtuse in variety of S. muricatus species and retuse or emarginate in M. officinalis while it was emarginate in the other species. The colors of corolla, forms of petals, forms of stipules and size it, shape of the leaves, margins, size and shape of pod as well as color seeds, surface and volume of taxonomic importance of clear and significant in the diagnosis and isolation of species.Studied the anatomical characteristics of each stems, petioles, leaves and venation to species of genera under study, it was stem and transvers section forefront of the anatomical study from the rest of the other parts.The cross sections of the leaves blades showed taxonomic importance in terms of blade thickness and the number of rows to intrafascicular bundle and the number of bundles in each row and thick it possible could be diagnosis of genera species, normal epidermis cells and stomatal type to leaves exchange also studied increased the important qualities in diagnosis, also studied the anatomical characteristics of petioles, and the transvers section had taxonomic importance could be through the divided of species on four groups depending on what it had helped to diagnosed and isolate of species gender. It was a taxonomic key to the separation of the genera species under study and described four species of Melilotus and one species with two variety of Scorpiurus accurate and detailed description.

تاثير الكثافة النباتية ومستويات التسميد في نمو وحاصل اصناف مختلفة من نبات زهرة الشمس (Helianthus annuus L.) Effect of Plant Density And Fertilization Levels In Growth And Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Cultivars

اسم المؤلف: محمد سلمان كريم الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: نجم عبد الله جمعة الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت تجربة حقلية في محطة ابحاث كلية الزراعة / جامعة ديالى اثناء العروة الربيعية للعام 2014 في تربة مزيجية غرينية, تمت الزراعة بتاريخ 2014/2/23. نفذت التجربة باستخدام تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة R.C.B.D وبنظام تجربة عاملية بتنظيم القطع المنشقة المنشق | This experimet was carried out in the experiments station of the Agriculture College/ University of Diyala in the spring season of 2014 in 23/2/2014, using silty loam soil. Experiment was on sunflower with a factorial experiment, a split split plot randomized compelete block design with three replications. This study included three factors, first the NPK fertilizer with three levels (0, 150, 300) Kg/h - 1 which were divided into two parts first 30 days after seeds germinated and the second 35 days after the first. The second factor was the plants density with three levels (66666, 80000, 100000) plants/h - 1 and the third factor three varieties of sunflower (Shemoos, Akmar, Euroflour) , and the important results obtained were : 1. The highest density level (100000) plants/h - 1 gave the highest results in most of the characters studied which were, head or disk diameter, plant yield, yield (ton / h - 1), fertility percentage, oil percentage in seeds, oil yield(ton / h - 1), and protien yield (ton / h - 1).2. Level of 150 Kg/ h - 1 of NPK fertilizer was the best in most of the characters which were head diameter, plant yield, yield (ton / h - 1), oil percentage, oil yield (ton / h - 1), protien percentage and protien yield (ton / h - 1).3. Shemoos variety exceeded other varaieties in leaf area, leaf area index, stem diameter, head diameter, 1000 seed weight, plant yield, yield (ton / h - 1), seeds number in head, oil yield (ton / h - 1), protien yield (ton / h - 1) , but it gave the highest number of days to flower and mature.4. The interaction (Shemoos variety X zero NPK) gave significant highest mean in number of days from planting date to 75% flowering.The interaction (Akmar variety X 150 Kg NPK / h - 1) gave the highest values in stem diameter, head diameter, lodging percentage, but the interaction (Shemoos variety X 300 Kg NPK / h - 1) gave the highest values in leaf area, leaf area index, and number of days from planting date to maturity.5. The interaction (Shemoos variety X 66666 plants per hectar) gave significant differences in number of seeds per head , 1000 seeds weight, one plant yield, and yield (ton / h - 1). The interaction (Akmar variety X 100000 plants/ h - 1) gave significant differences in fertility percentage.6. The interaction (150 Kg NPK / h - 1 X 66666 plants/ h - 1 ) gave the highest significant differences in all quality characters studied. 7. The interaction (Shemoos variety X150 Kg NPK / h - 1 X 100000 plants/ h - 1) gave the highest significant results in seeds yield, oil yield and protien yield.

دراسة تصنيفية لبعض مراتب الجنس Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae في العراق A Taxonomic Study of Some Taxa of The Genus Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae) In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: علي طالب محمد الطائي
اسم المشرف: مازن نواف عبود العاني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: “The current research dealed with fourteen taxa belonging to the genus Ranunculus L., Family Ranunculaceae that grown in Iraq. The study included the gross general morphological and micromorphological characters, the Pollen grains also were studied and the chemical compounds (Flavonoids), Ecological and geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment have been done. Also botanical key was puted to separate the Taxa”.“General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa spread in, and the result was a large crowds of samples, and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded. The specimens in the Iraqi herbaria were studied after ensuring that it was correctly identified”. “Comparative morphological study was undertaken to all plants parts of taxa including the roots, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts. Charts, diagrams, tables were drawn and accompanying with natural images for different morphological characteristics, as well as the field images that are important for the study. This study showed that all the taxa of the genus were herbs that are annual or perennial. There was agreat important for the roots, stems and there Indumentum, the presence orabsence of stipules, shape and size and margin of basal leaves and cauline leaves and leafy bract, the shape of sepals and their numbers and their Indumentum, the numbers and shape of Petals and their colors, the number of Stamens and the colors of Anthers, the shape of ovary and their indumentum, presence or absence of style as it was very useful for the taxonomic identification and separation of the studied taxa. As well as the fruiting parts including the length of fruiting peduncle, the fruiting receptacle, the fruiting head and its shapes and their dimensions, the number of Achene Fruitlets and their sizes, colors and Beak shape. Also the surface configuration of the fruitlets Surface has been studied by (SEM) as it wae either hairy or tuberculate - hairy or Transversely rugose or muricate or reticulate or reticulate - minutly rugose or granular or granular - hairy or granular - hairy tuberculate or spinulose”.“The study of the micro - morphological characters of hairs, leaves epidermal cells and the stomatal complex, have a taxonomic importance of supporting the morphological characters in separation and identification of the genus taxa”.“The study show that the pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because of their difference in shape, dimensions, the wall thickness and their ornamentation. It was either apolar which was spheroidal and pantoporate, or isopolar which has different shapes in the equatorial view it was spheroidal, subprolate and oblate - spheroidal, it was either 3 - colpate, 4 - colpate or 5 - colpat.the colpate where either zonocolpate or syncolpate in the form of parasyncolpate. The ornamentation were verucate, echinateand scabrate”. “The chemical study also has an importance in separation of the genus taxa, six flavonoid compounds were diagnosed by using” HPLC wich are Kaempferol, Vitexin, Orientin, Quercetin, Iso - vitexin and Iso - orientin. According to the presence or absence of those structures cluster analysis where done for the results of the flavonoid compounds and the taxa where divided into groups that reveal the chemical relationships between them.dendogram where performed which also show the chemical relationships between the taxa by using UPGMA method and NTSYS program issue 21. the study shows that the presence and distribution of those compounds vary according to the variation in the plant distribution the study shows that some of the taxa have “the same compounds which enhance its belonging to the Ranunculus genus”. “Through field surveys and information installed on the herbarium samples, the taxa where distributed on their growth areas, and maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical. Most of the taxa were distributed in N. and N.E of Iraq regions districts especially in MAM, MSU, MRO, and FBF districts. We notice that MSU district has a great number of the plants under the study as we found there are all the taxa accept one”. This study helps to detect distribution areas for some taxa that have been not mentioned in the Iraqi flora or other records which are R.kotschyi and R.trichophyllus var.trichophyllus. Also the study records distribution for the new species R.chius in MAM district which hasn't been mentioned in the Iraqi flora in this district before. Finally all the taxa were classified and the botanical key was done to separate them.