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اختبار التاثير التثبيطي لبروتين المناعة IgG لحليب الابل ضد السم العصبي A المفصول من عزنة محلية لبكتريا Clostridium botulinum == Testing the inhibitory effect of immunoglobulin IgG for camel?s milk against the neurotoxin type A separated from a local Isolate of Clostridium botulinum

اسم المؤلف: نورس محمد حسن عبد الصمد التميمي
اسم المشرف: امال كاظم غضبان الاسدي | حيدر ابراهيم علي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Sixteen local isolates of Clostridium were isolated from sources : soil , meat and honey .Those sources were obtained from different districte in Basrah government.Characterization of isolates were made after purification by using morphological and biochemical tests which revealed that the isolates were Clostridium botulinum.The microscopic test appeared that all isolates are bacilli Gram positive, obligate , anaerobic ,forming spores and motile. There are colonies had wide spread form with ir regular border when grown of blood agar and egg yolk agar and looked transparent to gray. The biochemical tests revealed that the isolates are β - heamolysis, lipid hydrolyzed, produced H2S, most of them were negative in indole production, nitrate reduction, starch hydrolysis and catalase production. They were grown in pH(4 - 6),temperature(10,30,42) °C and NaCl (4 - 10)% . They not fermented lactose, galactose, amygdalin, Ribose, Inositol, Manose, Melibiose, Sorbitol, Salcin, Rafinose, Xaylose and Rhamnose. But they were fermentated Glucose, Maltose and Cellubiose. They were sensitive for some antibiotics like Erethromycin, Refampin, Metronidazol, Clindamicin, Tetracyclin, Penicillin and Chloramphnichol , but they were resistant for Gentamycin , Nalidixic acid and Trimethoprim.Used for Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the bacterial isolates by extraction of DNA and electrophoresis by using agarose, seven isolates of Clostridium botulinum were elected because they appeared difine band of DNA. After that the gene wich responsible on neurotoxin A was detacted by using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis using agarose, the isolate Cl.5 of Clostridium botulinum wich was isolated from the soil of Agriculture College field, was elected because of its clear band which was (101) bp with the band of the primer of the gene of neurotoxin A.Neurotoxin A was produced by the isolate Cl.5 using the inoculums medum : (casein hydrolysis, yeast extract, glucose ,dis. water) and production medium; (casein hydrolysis, yeast extract, dis. water) with cold glucose solution 10% and using anaerobic conditions with 37°C for 4 days. The protein of extracted neurotoxin was (0.14 - 0.93) , then the extract was precipitated by ammonium sulphate %60 and the protein was (0.18 - 0.22) ,finally the neurotoxin was purified by ion exchange using DEAE Sephadex A - 50 only one protein peak wasappeared in the void volume , the protein was(0.27) . The activity of the three samples of neurotoxin A the crude ,precipitated and purified was assayed by bioassay using mouse , all the samples revaled high activity by appearing of of intoxication then death . But the purified neurotoxin appeared the highest activity because the mouse died after 3 hr . while the precipitated toxin after 8 hr using and after 10 hr using the crud toxin Stadying minimal leathal dose (MLD) by using concentrations of purified toxin , the concentration 0.1 revealed minimal activity because the mouse died after 3.41 hr .Finally the inhibitory effect of immunoglobulins of camel milk against neurotoxin A was studied by using passive haemagglotination and bioassay , immunoglobulin had agreat activity to inhibite the neurotoxin A.

تاثير الرش بحامض الجبرليك وكلوريد الكالسيوم في الحاصل والصفات النوعية والقابلية الخزنية لثمار السدر صنف تفاحي Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. cv. Tufahi == Effect of Sprying Gibberellic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Yield, Qualitative Characteristics and Storage Ability of Jujube Fruits Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. cv. Tufahi

اسم المؤلف: نضال ريسان حريز سحالة
اسم المشرف: ضياء احمد طعين | ماجد عبد الحميد ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was conducted on 12 - years old jujube trees "Ziziphus mauritiana Lam." , cv. Tufahi which were grown in a private orchard situated at AL - Sedea District , Basrah Governorate during the growing season 2013 - 2014. The aim of the study will to investigate effects of spraying gibberellic acid at the concentrations of 25 mg/l , 50 mg/l and calcium chloride at the concentrations of 1% , 2% and their combinations on yield and some vegetative , physical , chemical , physiological characteristics and the storage ability of fruits.Results could be summarized as follow : - A - Field experiment1. The results of study showed significant effect of spraying gibberellic acid on all the studied parameters with the treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellic acid recording the highest significant increase in leaf area , leaf water content ,leaf fresh and dry weights, total carbohydrates and the length , diameter , fresh weight , volume of fruits in addition to the water content, sucrose of fruits and the amount of yield.2. Treatment of 2% calcium chloride gave the highest significant increase in vitamin C concentration, total carbohydrates of leaf and calcium and chloride concentrations in fruit.3. Control treatment recorded the highest significant increase in dry mater , total soluble solids , total and reducing sugars, respiration rate and invertase and cellulase activities and carotene concentration in fruit skin .4. The period after full bloom factor had a significant effect on the studied vegetative parameters with the period of 10/2/2014 recording the highest significant increase in fresh weight of leaf, leaf area, carbohydrates content.The period of 10/12/2013 had a significant increase in water content per leaf.5. The combination treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellic acid and the period of 10/2/2014 recording the highest significant increase in leaf area and leaf water content. The combination treatment of 2% calcium chloride and the period of 10/2/2014 was superior in carbohydrates content while the combination treatment of untreated fruits and the period of 3/2/2014 gave the highest activity of cellulase.B - storage experiment1. Controle treatment recorded the the highest significant increase in total soluble solids , total and reducing sugars , loss in weghit of fruits , the percentage of ripening progress and it was the highest deteriorated treatment.2. Treatment of 2% calcium chloride gave the lowest significant increase in Physiological disorders, fungal decay and loss inweight of fruits.while fruit treated with 50 mg/l gibberellic acid retained the highest percentage of water content.3. The combination treatment of untreated fruits and storage period gave the highest significant increase in the percentage of physiological disorders and fungal decay, loss in weghit of fruits , the percentage of ripening progress and the lowest percentage of water

دراسة محتوى الاحماض الدهنية في زيوت بعض الاسماك في بيئتين مختلفتين في مدينة البصرة، العراق == Study of Fatty acid content in oils for some fishes from different environments in Basrah, Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ندى رافد عثمان
اسم المشرف: امجد كاظم رسن | ضياء فالح الفكيكي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاسماك والثروة البحرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم الاسماك والثروة البحرية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study was conducted during the period from October 2013 until September 2014 to estimate the fatty acids for three types of marine fish Acanthopagrus arabicus, Chelon subviridis and Cynoglossus arel also three types of river fish, Leuciscu svorax, Coptodon zillii and Carassius auratus.The results analyzed statistically using statistical program SPSS and using the complete randomized design CRD with three replicates and studied factors tested using the rate least significant difference test R.L.S.D at the level of probability (0.05) where indicated the results of statistical analysis that the presence of difference (P <0.05) in fat content between the species studied except A. arabicus with C. subviridis and A. arabicus with L. svorax and C. subviridis with L. svorax and C. arel with C. zillii as there are no significant differences (P <0.05), the highest percentage of fat in A. arabicus for spring (4.23%) while the lowest rate in C. arel for summer (1.75%), while the humidity was between statistical analysis to the absence of significant differences (P> 0.05) between the fish species except L. svorax with the rest of the species, where they found significant differences (P <0.05) between them, with the highest percentage of moisture in C. arel in summer as it stood at 79.14% and the lowest percentage of moisture in A. arabicus in spring (70.8%), as the results indicated an inverse relationship between humidity and fat by the differences of the seasons and for the most of the species studied. Characterized C. arel for autumn by higher contents of ash (8.1%) and achieved significant differences(P<0.05) between the species except C. subviridis with C. zillii and C. auratus with L. svorax as there were no significant differences (P> 0.05), while the lowest percentage was in L. svorax for winter (1.24%), while, the results of protein content showed no significant difference (P>0.05) except L. svorax with A. arabicus, C. subviridis and C.Barel, C. auratus and C. zillii, as well as C. arel and C. zillii, because there were no significant differences among them, A. arabicus achieved the highest value in spring (20.12%) and the lowest rate it was for C. arel in summer (14.18%).The oil extracted by organic solvent, and the fatty acids estimated using the gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (calculated on the total amount of the fatty acids), the content and the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) during winter, spring, summer and autumn 25 - 45%, 23 - 40%, 15 - 45%, 40 - 30% respectively, and the proportion of unilateral unsaturated fatty acids double bond MUSA 40 - 15%, 40 - 22%, 18 - 45% and 46 - 27%, respectively, and the proportion of fatty acids multi - unsaturated double bond 35 - 10%, 45 - 13%,17 - 44% and 42 - 20%, respectively .the palmitic acid C16 : 0 occupied the highest proportion among the fatty acids during the seasons of the year except autumn, where was the palmitoleic acid the highest one among the acids.The uncommon fatty acids studied also during the four seasons and8 - Octadecenoic acid has won the highest one among all the fatty acids in the seasons except winter, which saw Heptadecanoic acid has the highest rate.The types of omega - 3 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6 n - 3) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20 : 5 n - 3) examined also for the studied fish types during the four seasons where the proportion of EPA high in winter (68.73%), followed by summer as it was 50.59%, while the second type of omega - 3 DHA was the rate of increase convergent during the four seasons, which saw summer the highest rate (49.27%) and the lowest rate was in autumn (40.15%).

انتاج اغشية قابلة للاكل من بروتينات فول الصويا المركز ولبيدات الذرة البيضاء والكلوكوز واستعمالها في الانظمة الغذائية == Production of Edible Film from Soybean Protein Concentrates with Sorghum Lipids and Glucose and using in Food System

اسم المؤلف: ميادة عدنان فالح الشبلي
اسم المشرف: علي احمد ساهي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Research efforts were directed to the production of - environment - friendly and edible - biological materials to be used in food packaging from protein soybeans. The research also included the impact of oil and wax sorghum extracted as by - product of sorghum grain and sugar glucose on the films properties. This study included three points of discussion.First, Concentrated soy protein was extracted from soybean grains in the form of a yellow fine powder. Its chemical composition was studied and found to contain : protein and fat and ash and moisture and carbohydrates respectively (71.5 , 0.78 , 4.9 , 8.4 , 14.4)% . Also, oil and wax sorghum has been extracted from sorghum grain.Second, concentrated soy protein and glycerol were used as major raw materials in addition to other materials like sorghum wax and oil and glucose were used in the preparation of the edible films in the form of thin layers. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of this edible film were studied and the results were as follows : 1. The simple soy protein films - without plasticizer - were fragile and difficult to handle. On the other hand, the soy protein films with 4%, 5% and 6% concentrations with 40% from protein weigh glycerol as plasticizer were easy to remove from the plates. Particularly, 5% and 6% concentrations were easier to remove from plates than 4% concentration which was difficult to handle. In general, films were shiny, flexible, transparent, smooth yellowish, has no taste or odor and the presence of free bubbles was noted. It was also noticed that with increased protein concentration from 4% to 6%, the film thickness increased from 0.08 to 0.098 mm, the tensile strength increased from 2.15 to 3.3 MPa, the elongation percentage decreased from 140.0 to 81.7%, the water solubility ranged from 45.9 to 35.0% and water vapor permeability values rose from 8.8 to 9.6 g. mm / m².hr.KPa with a higher concentration of soy protein from 4 to 6%.The first stage from Thermal disintegration begins at a temperature of 116 ºC due to the loss of moisture. The second stage of disintegration starts at temperatures of 190 ºC and attributed to the disintegration of glycerol when the maximum temperature is 289 ºC. While the third stage of disintegration starts overlapping with thedisintegration of the glycerol at a maximum temperature of 385 ºC and attributed to the disintegration of soy protein.2. The complex 5% soy protein films with 2% glycerol plasticizer and sorghum oil or wax concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% (weigh/ volume) was found to be characterized by flexibility, smoothness, and easily removed from plates. In addition, it was less transparent and acquired the color of lipid and increased thickness with high wax or sorghum oil concentration. It was also noticed that water solubility has ranged from 38.2 to 32.4% and tensile strength has decreased from 2.5 to 1.1 MPa and elongation percentage has increased from 125% to 138% and water vapor permeability has decreased from 8.9 to 8.6 g.mm / m².hr.KPa with increasing concentration of sorghum oil. On the other hand, it was observed that water vapor permeability has decreased from 8.1 to 6.9 g.mm / m².hr.KPa and water solubility has decreased from 37.2 to 35.2% but the tensile strength has increased from 2.42 to 2.52 MPa and elongation percentage has decreased from 115 to 95% with a increasing concentration of sorghum wax. There are no differences in the thermal decomposition of the films protein complex with oil and wax sorghum compared to simple films protein from soybeans.3. The complex 5% soy protein films with 2% glycerol plasticizer and different concentrations of glucose; 1% and 1.5% and 2%(weigh/ volume) was characterized with sheen, smooth and polished surface with acceptable flavor and brown color. It was also easy to remove from plates but less flexible that simple soy proteins. It was also observed that the thickness of the films was increased from 0.088 to 0.091 mm and water solubility was decreased from 41.2 to 40% and the water vapor permeability was decreased from 8.98 to 8.77 g. mm / m².hr.KPa while the elongation percentage has reached 90%, 92% and 115% and the tensile strength has decreased from 2.7 and 2.3 MPa with increasing glucose concentration. It was also noted that the thermal decomposition this complex is more stable compared with simple films from soy proteins.Third, concentrated The application of the obtained biofilm in Food system : 1. Practical applications were conducted by using solvents of simple and complex soy protein films compound with sorghum oil in covering pear fruit for protection. As a result, the fruit was characterized by glossy, transparent colorless polished smooth and softer texture. The fruits covered withcomplex membranes have the same characteristics but less glossy. This method has extended the shelf life for the fruit by 15 days because of the limited moisture loss change in acidity level (pH) compared to not covered fruits at a temperature (4 - 6ºC) The fruits covered and stored at room temperature are more acceptable compared to non - covered fruits.2. Another application is to use soy protein films - simple and complex - with glucose in the coating of the fish pieces and when stored for a week at refrigerator temperature, the results were higher values of peroxide number for un - coated fish reached 6.2 milli - equivalent / kg compared with the coated pieces with simple membranes reaching 4.8 milli - equivalent / kg and for coated with composite film with glucose peroxide number value reached4.3milli - equivalent/kg. .

العلاقة بين درجة حرارة المحيط ونسبة الرطوبة وبعض المعاير الفسلجية وانتاج الحليب ومكوناته في الابقار المضربة == Relationship between ambient temperature, relative humidity with some Physiological parameters, milk production and composition in cross cows

اسم المؤلف: مؤيد عبد الواحد جابرحسن الفياض
اسم المشرف: اسعد يحيى عايد
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was conducted at Animal Farm, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah and Animal Farm of Aked Agriculture Secondary School, Dhi - Gar Province during the period of 1/10/2013 to 1/7/2014. The aim was to study the relationship between temperature and humidity with daily and monthly milk yield. Milk components as fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat also studied. As well as some physiological and blood parameters included in this study. A total of 28 crossed cows of different age and milking season. Cows were fed available feed within each season, while water was available during 24 hours. Results can be summarized as following : 1 - Minimum recorded THI was during January (53.24 unit) and maximum value was 78 unit recorded during June.2 - Parity had significant effect on daily and monthly milk yield. Cows of fourth parity exceeded those during 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, and 6th parity. However, parity had no significant effect on milk fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat.3 - Calf sex had significant effect on daily and monthly milk yield. Male claves caused increase in milk yield. Calf sex had no significant effect on milk fat, protein, lactose and solid not fat.4 - A negative non - significant correlation between minimumormaximum temperature and daily or monthly milk yield. Daily and monthly milk yield were 4.36 and 128.75 kg during March, while they became 3.11 and 91.10 kg during June. However, temperature showed significant positive correlation with lactose (0.100 and 0.144 with minimum and maximum temperature respectively) and non - significant with either milk fat or protein or solid not fat.5 - A negative non - significant correlation existed between THI and either daily or monthly milk yield, as milk yield decreased from 4.13 and 124.16kg (daily and monthly yield respectively) during January (lowest THI value) to 3.11 and 91.1 kg respectively during June (highest THI value). On the other hand, THI correlated significantly and positively with THI (0.158) but non - significant with milk fat, protein and solid not fat, as they shoed highest values during June.6 - There were positive significant correlation between minimum or maximum temperature and THI with both morning and evening pulsing rate (0.251, 0.328, 0.306, 0.568, and 0.571 respectively). However, they had positive non - significant with rectum temperature.7 - Minimum or maximum temperature and THI showed highly significant correlation with PCV% (0.234, 0.153 and 0.213 respectively) and WBC (0.334, 0.310 and 0.374 respectively).8 - Cortisol correlated positively but non - significant with either minimum or maximum temperature or THI. Highest value of cortisol (4.38 ng/ml) was recorded during June of highest THI and temperatures

تقييم بعضالاضافات في تقليل اثر الاجهاد الحراري في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم == Evaluation of Some Additive To Reduce The Effect of Heat Stress in Some Productive and Physiological Traits of Broiler Chicken

اسم المؤلف: مغارب محمد جادر حيمد العيداني
اسم المشرف: رياض كاظم موسى
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - التربية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This experiment was carried out at the Poultry Field of Animal Resource Department , College of Agriculture , University of Basra from May 1st to Jun, 2014. The objective of this study was to evaluate many treatments and a methods to decrease the effect of heat stress on the productive performance and some blood physiological characteristics of broiler. A total of 216 un sexed chicks of Ross breed one day old were used in this experiment. Chicks were randomly distributed into six treatments (three replicates of 12 birds in replicates) for each treatment. The treatments were as follows : 1. First treatment (T1) : The control group without any supplement.2. Second treatment (T2) : Supplement 1.5 ml of prebiotic per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding.3. Third treatment (T3) : Supplement 500 mg of Vitamin C per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .4. Fourth treatment (T4) : Supplement 200 mg of Vitamin E per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .5. Fifth treatment (T5) : Supplement 600 mg of potassium chloride (KCl) per/liter of water for each chick and adlibitum feeding .6. Sixth treatment (T6) : Fasting for 24 hours and follow up with ad labium feeding .The results can be summarized as follows;1. There was a significant effect of treatments on heat - stress reducing the effect of on some productive and physiological traits of broiler (P<0.05) compared to the control group in most traits.2. There was a significant increase in body weight, weekly weight gain ,feed intake and feed conversion ratio as vitamin C was silted compared with other treatments.3. There was a significant decrease in weekly water intake of vitamin C group and vitamin E group in comparison with other treatment.4. Highest values of productive index were obtained by the treatment of prebiotic in drinking water as compared to other treatments group.5. Treatment of vitamin C in drinking water showed the highest values in vit. carcass weights, dressing percentage, heart and liver weights. Whereas, it showed less value of fabrisha gland percentage weight in comparison with other treatments.6. There was no significant effect of treatments using to decrease heat stress on the gizzard percentage weight.7. Treatment of vitamin C add in drinking water showed less body temperature at last three weeks of age in compared with other treatments.8. Treatment of vitamin C add in drinking water showed highest value of RBC, HB, PCV and total protein, whereas it showed less values of white WBC percentage of hetrophile to lymphocyte cells, acid and compared to other treatment cholesterol , uric numbers in comparison with other experimental treatment.9. There was no significant differences in concentrations of serum GOT, GPT. Enzymes in serum treated groups. Whereas, treatment of 24 hours fasting followed up by a libitum feeding till the next day, showed less values of T3 T4 hormone concentration in comparison with other treatments.10. Treatment of vitamin C supplement proceeded in the values of calcium chloride and sodium concentrations in serum plasma, whereas treatment of potassium in drinking water showed highest values of serum potassium concentration compared to other treatments.

استخدام المؤشرات المظهرية والبايوكيمياوية وتقانة التتابعات الداخلية البسيطة ISSR في تقدير التنوع الوراثي لعدد من اصناف نخيل التمر العراقية == Using morphological , Biochemical and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique to assess the genetic diversity of some Iraqi date palm cultivars

اسم المؤلف: نبا عودة حسابة جبر الغزي
اسم المشرف: عقيل هادي عبد الواحد
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

تحضير الجيلاتين من رؤوس وارجل الدجاج وعظام الابل ودراسة تركيبه الكيميائي وخواصه الوظيفية == Preperation Of Gelatin From Chicken Heads And Legs and Camel Bons and Study its Chemical Composition and Functional Properties

اسم المؤلف: مريم منصور مذكور الحلفي
اسم المشرف: منير عبود جاسم الطائي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was carried out to produce animal gelatin from the secondary wastes of chicken and camels. The studied gelatin from chicken heads and legs and camel bones. Gelatin was prepared by the chemical method and the chemical composition, yield, functional and sensory characteristics were measured at storage periods of 0, 20, 40 and 60 days under refrigeration at 4 - 8 ºC. The produced gelatin was introduced into the food systems where it was used to prepare beef burger as an alternative for fillers. The results showed that the highest gelatin yield 8.04 % was produced from chicken waste with no significant difference from 4.60 % yield of camel bones.The results of the chemical composition (protein, lipid, ash and moisture) for the crude gelatin indicated that it contain high percentages of protein which differ significantly according to the source, so as for the other components. Lipid percentage have increased notably in chicken gelatin and reached 3.89 % in comparison with 0.82 % in camel gelatin while the latter was featured by high ash content which reach 5.865 % in comparison with 3.48 % in chicken gelatin.The results also demonstrated that the produced gelatin have good functional properties in solubility, viscosity, gelling capacity, water absorption, lipid binding, emulsification and foaming. Water absorption capacity was higher in chicken gelatin in comparison with camel gelatin and reached 0.90 and 0.48 ml / g , respectively. On the other hand, lipid binding ratio increased in camel gelatin to reach 2.21 in comparison with 2.0 ml oil / g gelatin in chicken gelatin. The two gelatin types were featured by high gelling capacity at 1% for all storage periods where the gelling of camel gelatin was faster and stronger.The produced gelatin was characterized by good sensory qualities (color and odor). Chicken gelatin have a creamy color while camel gelatin have a pale creamy color. The two types of gelatin were featured by being odorless. The produced gelatin was used into food systems by preparing burger which have good sensory quality as shown by good score in the sensory evaluation of flavor, juiciness, color, tenderness and general acceptance.Storage period had no significant effect on the properties of the two types of the produced gelatin as for the chemical composition, functional and sensory characteristics. For the chemical composition, the various chemical components were noticed to increase slightly on behalf of moisture reduction. The functional properties did not influenced largely by storage and the produced gelatin preserved good qualities along the storage period.The results of gelatin amino acid analysis demonstrated that it contained 18 amino acids, the highest concentrations were for Aspartic acid and Threonine in chicken and camel gelatin , respectively. The amino acid Leucine was the lowest in both types of the produced gelatin.The results showed a variation in mineral contents for calcium, magnesium, cooper and iron between gelatin types. Calcium concentration was observed to elevate in chicken gelatin to 125 μg / g dry weight, while it reached 87.5 μg / g dry weight in camel gelatin. An elevation in iron concentration was noticed in camel gelatin in comparison with chicken gelatin with concentrations of 20 and 10 μg / g dry weight, respectively while the two gelatin types were devoid from lead and cadmium.

تاثير بعض المستخلصات والمخلفات النباتية والحيوانية في اصابة نبات اللوبياء Vigna unguiculata بمرض التعفن الفحمي المتسبب عن الفطر Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. == Effect of some extracts and plant residues and animal manure on charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goid

اسم المؤلف: محمود عودة جعفر
اسم المشرف: محمد عامر فياض
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was carried out in Plant Protection Department Labs and Fields of Agriculture College, Basrah University during Nov.2013 - 2014 in order to study the effect of leaves extracts of three plant, Conocarpus, Eucalyptus and Cabbege, as well as, the effect of three types of animal manure (cow, sheep and poultry) for reducing charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on cowpea.Six isolates of M. phaseolina were isolated from different host at different regions in Basrah Governorate. Pathogenicity test showed that cowpea isolate was the most virulent against cowpea seedling were disease incidence and disease severity reached to 55.8 and 41.0 % respectively.Laboratory experiments revealed that the Alcohol extract of eucalyptus, conocarpus, and cabbage were effective in inhibition of the growth of Macrophomina phaseolina . The percentage of inhibition reached to 62.4, 60.5 and 52.7 % for eucalyptus ,cabbage and conocarpus extracts respectively .In addition the concentration of (1%) (for all extracts) was more effective in inhibition of the growth of fungus M. phaseolina compared to the concentration of 0.5%.The percentage of inhibition was 79.57% and 38.27% respectively. The results of electrophoresis experiment for the different isolates of M. phaseolina proteins showed a variation among the 6 isolates from different plant in the number and location of protein bands.In pots experiment also it was found that animal manure for( cow, sheep and poultry) decreased the incidence and disease severity caused by M. phaseolina as disease incidence and severity reached 77.5 and 75% in treatment of animal manure for cow, poultry compared to 25% in pathogen treatment and the animal manure for sheep was the best in depreciate the percent of infection and severity for fungus which it was 38.3% and 13.8% respectively compared to 81.2% and 33.5% for pathogen treatment while the residues of cabbage leaves gives 45.0% and 13.7% respectively.Field experiment about the effect of some plants residues and animal manure on M. phaseolina explained that all plants residues and animal manure except poultry manure may leads to increase the percentage of germination compared to pathogen treatment and up of germination ratio registered in animal manure(sheep) treatment which it was 98% and in plants residues in cabbage 72% and the results showed that the treatment of conocarpus is the best in depreciate the infection which it was 10.1%and 5.5% respectively compared to 48.2%and 34.4% for pathogen treatment and eucalyptus treatment,animal manure (sheep) registered 19.6%,10.9%,19.9% and 12.5% respectively . It was also noticed that animal manure and plant residues increase NPK content in cowpea leaves, as the content of the leaves of the major nutrients NPK registered, the highest ratio from Nitrogen registered in the treatment of concarpus leaves followed by poultry manure and sheep manure which was 46.6 , 39.1, 38.9 gm/Kg - 1 respectively compared to 31.9 gm/Kg - 1 for pathogen treatment,the highest ratio registrered to Phosphorus in conocarpus leaves treatment which was 3.1 gm/Kg - 1 then poultry manure and sheep manure 2.3 gm/Kg - 1 and 2.1 gm/Kg - 1 respectively compared to 1.5 gm/Kg - 1 for pathogen treatment while the highest ratio to Potassium registered in sheep manure which it was 27.9 gm/Kg - 1 then eucalyptus leaves treatment 25.1 gm/Kg - 1 .

تاثير الكبريت والكالسيوم وحامض الستريك في تحسين التحمل الملحي وصفات الثمار النوعية Phoenix dactylifera L. والانتاجية لنخيل التمر صنف الساير == Effect of Sulfur, Calcium and Citric acid to Improve Salt Tolerance and Fruit Quality and Quantity of Date palm( Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv.Sayer

اسم المؤلف: محمد هادي طعيمة رحمه
اسم المشرف: عباس مهدي جاسم
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:

تاثير مستويات وطرق اضافة سماد اليوريا في امتصاص النتروجين والبوتاسيوم ونمو وحاصل الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. == Effect of Levels and Application Methods of Urea on N and K uptake , Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

اسم المؤلف: محمد كاظم حسن الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الله عبد الكريم
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: التربة والمياه
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A field experiment was conducted in tomato growing station , AL - Zubair region , Basrah Province during the winter season of 2013 - 2014 to evaluate the effect of levels and methods of nitrogen application on N and K uptake , growth and yield of tomato ( Hybrid wogdan ) grown in plastic house . Urea was applied at levels of 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha - 1 at five doses . Methods of application were : 100% N fertilization to soil , ( Foliar +Soil) fertilization ( 25% of each level was applied as foliar and the remain was applied to soil ), and 100% N as fertigation . Field was plowing and received manure , then with height of 15cm of tomato seedlings were transplanted on 14/10/2013 . Field was under drip irrigation system . Phosphorus and potassium were applied at levels of 43 kg P2O5 ha - 1 and 166 kg K2O ha - 1 to each plot . The normal agricultural treatments of tomato were practiced as usually followed in Al - Zubair region . NH4+ - N in soil ; NO3 - - N in soil ; available K in soil ; N , K , Ca , Mg and Na concentration in leaves were obtained at six stages of tomato growth season . Also N , K , vitamin C , fruit size and TSS in fruits were measured . The dry weight of shoot and total fruits yields were recorded . Fertilizer - use efficiency was calculated . Based on K concentration in lower and upper leaves of K in Plant was studied . The results showed that : 1 - Increasing N level applied increased concentration of NH4+ - N , NO3 - - N in soil , N in leaves and fruits , however , K in leaves increased up to 200 kg N ha - 1 then decreased as N level concentrated to 300 kg ha - 1 . Ca and Na in leaves decreased with increasing N level , while Mg in leaves show no significant affect with N levels . Higher shoot dry weight and fruit yield were obtained with application of 200 kg N ha - 1 .2 - Higher N and K concentrations in leaves , fruits , fruit size , dry weight and fruit yield were obtained with fertigation method compared with (foliar+ soil) and soil methods : with 89.54 ton ha - 1 fruit yield . On the other hand lower values of NH4+ - N and NO3 - - N in soil ; Ca , Mg and Na in leaves ; Vitamin C and TSS were recorded at fertigation method . However , available K in soil not affected with application method .3 - Fertigation method gave the highest value of fertilizer - use efficiency followed by ( foliar+ soil) method then Soil one .4 - Results also revealed that N levels was not affected the translocation of K upward the plant shoot because of high growth and higher uptake of K in Plant , while the effect of application method follows the order : Soil > (Foliar+ Soil) > Fertigati

تاثير استخدام الماء الممغنط والتقنين الغذائي الزمني في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم == Effect of using Magnetic water and Time of feed restriction on some productive and physiological traits of broiler chickens

اسم المؤلف: محمد حمد صالح
اسم المشرف: رياض كاظم موسى
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة في قاعة الدواجن التابعة الى قسم الثروة الحيوانية / كلية الزراعة / جامعة البصرة للفترة من 9/1/2014 ولغاية 13/2/2014 وذلك لدراسة تاثير استخدام الماء المعالج مغناطيسيواالتقنين الغذائي الزمني في بعض الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية لفروج اللحم . استخدم 216 فرخا غير مجنس من فروج اللحم سلالة ROSS وزعت الافراخ عشوائيا الى ستة معاملات وبواقع ثلاثة مكررات لكل معاملة (12) طير لكل مكرر. تصميم التجربة تجربة عامليه شملت عاملين الاول (نوع الماء) والثاني (التقنين الغذائي) وبتصميم عشوائي تام وكانت المعاملات كما يلي : - 1 - معاملة الاولى : تغذية حرة + ماء شرب عادي (معاملة سيطرة) .2 - المعاملة الثانية : تغذية حرة + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .3 - المعاملة الثالثة : قطع العلف من الساعة 9صباحا الى الساعة 5 مساءا (8 ساعات) + ماء شرب عادي .4 - المعاملة الرابعة : قطع العلف من الساعة 9صباحا الى الساعة 5 مساءا (8 ساعات) + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .5 - المعاملة الخامسة : تقديم العلف ليوميين متتاليين وقطع العلف ليوم واحد + ماء شرب عادي .6 - المعاملة السادسة : تقديم العلف ليوميين متتاليين وقطع العلف ليوم واحد + ماء معالج مغناطيسيا .واشارت النتائج الى مايلي : - 1 - تفوق معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط معنويا (p<0.05) في معدل وزن الجسم الحي , الزيادة الوزنية الاسبوعية , كمية العلف المستهلكة , كفاءة التحويل الغذائي , كمية الماء المستهلكة والدليل الانتاجي مع حصول انخفاض معنوي في نسبة الهلاكات مقارنة بمعاملة ماء الشرب العادي.2 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في معدلات وزن الجسم الحي , الزيادة الوزنية الاسبوعية , كمية العلف المستهلكة , كمية الماء المستهلكة ونسبة الهلاكات مع حصول تحسن معنوي في معدل كفاءة التحويل الغذائي والدليل الانتاجي في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .3 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05)معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في نسبة التصافي , الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الصدر , الكبد , القلب , مع وجود انخفاض معنوي في الوزن النسبي لدهن البطن مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام ماء الشرب العادي , بينما لم يظهر تاثير معنوي لنوعية الماء على الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الفخذ , غدة فابريشا , القانصة وطول الامعاء .4 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في نسبة التصافي , الاوزان النسبية لقطعية الصدر , الفخذ , الكبد , القلب , القانصة ودهن البطن , بينما ظهر ارتفاع معنوي لوزن النسبي لغدة فابريشيا في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .5 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05) معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في عدد خلايا الدم الحمر , كريات الدم البيض , تركيز الهيموكلوبين وحجم الخلايا المرصوصة , بينما ظهر انخفاض معنوي في نسبة الخلايا المتغايرة الى الخلايا اللمفاوية مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام الشرب العادي.6 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) في عدد خلايا الدم الحمر , تركيز الهيموكلوبين وحجم الخلايا المرصوصة , عدد كريات الدم البيض ونسبة الخلايا المتغايرة الى الخلايا اللمفاوية معنويا في معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) .7 - تفوق معنوي (p<0.05) معاملة استخدام الماء الممغنط في تركيز الكلوكوز , البروتين الكلي , الالبومين , الكلوبيولين والبروتينات الدهنية العالية الكثافة , بينما ظهر انخفاض معنوي في تركيز الكولسترول, اليوريك , البروتينات الدهنية المنخفضة الكثافة وتركيز انزيمي GPT , GOT مقارنة بمعاملة استخدام الماء العادي , ولم يظهر تاثير معنوي لنوعية الماء المستخدم على تركيز الكلسيريدات الثلاثية في مصل الدم . 8 - انخفاض معنوي (p<0.05) لمعاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني معنويا في تركيز الكلوكوز , البروتين الكلي , الالبومين , الكلوبيولين , والبروتينات الدهنية العالية الكثافة , تركيز انزيم GPT , الكلسيريدات الثلاثية في مصل الدم مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة (تغذية حرة) وارتفاع معنوي لتركيز الكولسترول لمعاملة التقنين الغذائي مقارنة بمعاملة التقنين الغذائي , بينما لم يكن هناك فروق معنوية بين معاملتي التقنين الغذائي الزمني ومعاملة السيطرة في تركيز اليوريا , انزيم GOT والبروتينات الدهنية الواطئة الكثافة في مصل الدم .9 - وجود تاثير معنوي (P<0.05) للتداخل بين نوعية الماء المستخدم وفترة التقنين الغذائي الزمني في معظم الصفات الانتاجية والفسلجية للفروج قيد الدراسة . | This study was conducted at poultry house, Animal Resources Department, College of Agriculture University of from Basrah, with period from 09/01/2014 to 13/02/2014. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of using Magnetically treaded water and Time of feed restriction on broiler chicks performance and some blood physiological traits.Atotal of (216) unsexed chicks of Ross strain aged one day, ware used in the study. The chicks were randomly distributed into (6) treatments with three Contain (12) chicks. Factorial experiment design experience included the first two factors (water type) and the second (food rationing) random design Tam. The treatment were : 1. T1 : Continuous feeding + Tap water.2. T2 : Continuous feeding + magnetically treated water.3. T3 : feed withdrawal [ on feed from 9 : 00 AM to 5 : 00 PM (8 hours)] + Tap water.4. T4 : Feed withdrawal [ no feeding from 9 : 00 AM to 5 : 00 PM (8 hours)] + Magnetically treated water.5. T5 : Continuous feed two days and withdrawal one day + Tap water.6. T6 : Continuous feed two days and withdrawal one day + magnetically treated water.The results of study indicated that : 1. Treatment of use magnetically treatment water Significantly rise (P > 0.05) mortality in the live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, water consumption, production index and Significantly decrease (P > 0.05) mortality compared with using Tap water.2. significant decrease (P > 0.05) mortality in live body weight, weight gain, feed intake, water consumption, mortality and significant rise in feed conversion, production index . In two method of restriction compared with continuous feed treatment.3. Significantly rise (P > 0.05) mortality in dressing percentage, relative weight of breast heart, liver, while Significantly decrease (P > 0.05) in relative weight of abdominal fat compared with Tap water treatment, while there are no Significant effect due to quality of water in relative weights of leg bursa gland gizzard and length of small intestine.4 - Significantly decrease (P <0.05) mortality in dressing percentage , relative weight of breast , Leg , liver , heart , gizzard , Abdominal , fat , while Significantly increase on relative weight of bursa gland on two restriction treatment compared with continuous feed (control).5 - Significantly rise (P <0.05) mortality on RBC ,WBC , Hb , pcv% while Significantly decrease in H/L ratio compared with tap water treatment.6 - Significantly decrease (P <0.05) mortality in RBC, Hb, PCV, H/L ratio on two restriction feed treatments with continuous feeding treatment while no Significantly effect due restriction period on WBC. 7 - Significantly rise (P <0.05) mortality on use magnetically treated water treat mean in glucose , Total protein , albumin , globulin , HDL while Significantly decrease in cholesterol , urea , LDL , GPT, GOT , con centration in blood serum compared with use tap water theretor no Significantly effect due to triglyceride quality of water in blood of serum.8 - Significantly decrease in (P <0.05) mortality glucose , Total protein , albumin , globulin , HDL , GPT and cholesterol on blood of serum restriction feed treat meant compared with control (continuous feed) , while no Significantly effect due to restriction feed period in , uric , LDL and GOT con centration in blood serum .9 - Significantly interaction (P<0.05) between water quality and feed restriction period in productive per for mance and physiology under study.

دراسة بعض الجوانب الحياتية لاسماك السمنان الطويل Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 في الجزء الجنوبي لنهر الفرات، العراق == Some Biological Aspects of the Bleak, Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 in the southern reaches of Euphrates River, Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ليلى عبود عوفي
اسم المشرف: عبد الرزاق محمود محمد | باسم محمد جاسم
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاسماك والثروة البحرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم الاسماك والثروة البحرية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جمعت 2307 سمكة من اسماك السمنان الطويل Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 من نهر الفرات في منطقة الجبايش جنوب العراق للفترة من تشرين الثاني 2013 لغاية تشرين الاول 2014 باستعمال الصيد بالكهرباء. شكلت افراد النوع نسبة كلية قدرها 48.3% من الصيد الكلي. تراوحت الاطوال الكلية للاسماك بين 3.7 - 18.4سم. سادت مجموعة الطول (9.0 - 9.9) سم مجتمع الاسماك بنسبة 19.72%. تمثلت علاقة الطول (سم) والوزن الكلي (غم) لكل من الصغار والاناث والذكور بالمعادلات التالية : الصغار W = 0.003 L3.087 , r2 = 0.776 , n = 89 الاناث n =256 , r2 = 0.841 , W = 0.002 L3.193 الذكور n = 147 , r2 = 0.778 , W = 0.004 L3.027 كان نمو صغار النوع وذكوره متناظرا بينما كان نمو الاناث غير متناظر. تراوح معامل الحالة النسبي للصغار بين 0.71 في حزيران و1.44 في شباط وبمعدل 1.05 وللاناث بين 0.78 في اب و1.4 في كانون الثاني وبمعدل 1.06 وللذكور بين 0.70 في اب و1.24 في كانون الثاني وبمعدل 0.99. اشارت دراسة الحراشف الى وجود اربع مجاميع عمرية وكانت السيادة لمجموعة العمر 2. وصفت العلاقة بين الطول الكلي (L) ونصف قطر الحرشفة (S) بالمعادلة التالية L =2.549 + 4.825 S بلغت اطوال الاسماك عند الاعمار الاربعة الاولى من حياتها (8.15 و11.33 و13.55 و16.0سم) على التوالي، وبلغت كفاءة النمو لاسماك النوع 2.16، كما امكن وصف نمو اسماك السمنان الطويل بالنموذج التالي : Lt = 20.4(1 - e - 0.35(t+0.277) ) سجلت ادنى قيمة لنشاط التغذية 60.53% في شباط واعلاها 87.76% في ايلول، كما كانت اوطا قيمة لشدة التغذية 6.08 نقطة/سمكة في كانون الاول واعلاها 8.7 نقطة/سمكة في تموز. اظهرت نتائج فحص الغذاء ان اسماك السمنان الطويل تتغذى بشكل رئيس على الحشرات بنسبة 41.2% ثم الطحالب (28.7%) تليها القشريات (15.9%) والدايتومات (12.36%) والنباتات المائية (3.74%) والاسماك (3.36%) ثم النواعم (0.3%) وهي من الاسماك القارتة وتميل للغذاء الحيواني. حديد اول نضج جنسي لاناث اسماك السمنان الطويل وذكورها عند طول 8 سم وبعمر سنة واحدة لكل منهما. وكانت نسبة الجنس 1 : 1.7 لصالح الاناث تراوحت قيم دالة المناسل للاناث والذكور بين 0.8 و0.6 على التوالي في حزيران و14.01 و5.8 في كانون الثاني على التوالي. وضحت المقاطع النسيجية للمناسل الذكرية والانثوية انﱠ فترة وضع السرء كانت خلال شباط وانﱠ افراد النوع تطرح بيضها للتكاثر على مراحل ويبدا نضج البيض من الجزء الخلفي من المبيض قبل الجزء الامامي، كذلك تظهر اثار طرح البيض في الجزء الاوسط للمبيض من الفراغات الملاحظة بوسط مقطع المبيض. اظهر الفحص المجهري للمقاطع النسيجية للمناسل الذكرية انﱠ كيس الخصى يحتوي على مراحل متفاوتة من النضج في النماذج المختلفة من الذكور في شباط، كما تتضح الاوعية الدموية خلال نسيج الفصيصات ولوحظ نسبة قليلة من الخلايا بمرحلة الخلايا النطفية spermatocytes في الجزء الخلفي من المناسل، وانﱠ الجزء الامامي من المنسل اقل نضجا حيث لم تظهر مرحلة الخلايا النطفية spermatocyte. امتازت اسماك السمنان الطويل بخصوبة منخفضة اذ تراوحت بين 1119 بيضة لسمكة طولها 10.4سم و5022 بيضة لسمكة طولها 14.2 سم، وكانت العلاقة بين الطول الكلي (L) والخصوبة (F) متمثلة بالمعادلة التالية : F = 0.148L3.939 , r2 = 0.605. | A total of 2307 individuals of Alburnus mossulensis were collected from the south part of Euphrate River, Chybaish, Iraq from November 2013 to October 2014 using electrofishig. The species constituted 48.3% of the total catch. Fish group size 9.0 - 9.9 cm was dominated in the samples (19.7%).The length - weight relationships of A. mossulensis for immature, female and male were : W = 0.003 L3.087 , W = 0.002 L3.193 , W = 0.004 L3.027respectively, revealing an isometric growth for immature and males, and allometric growth for females. The relative condition factor ranged from 0.71 in June to 1.44 in February with total average of 1.05 for immature, and from 0.78 in August to 1.40 in January with total average of 1.06 for females, and from 0.7 in August to 1.24 in January with total average of 0.99 for males. Four age groups were recorded and the most abundant age group was the second. The relation between total length (L) and scale radius (S) was : L =2.549 + 4.825 S. The lengths of fish during the first four years were 8.15, 11.33, 13.55 and 16.0 cm respectively. The growth performance index of A. mossulensis was computed as 2.16. The growth was described by von Bertalanffy equation as Lt = 20.4(1 - e - 0.35(t+0.277)).Feeding activity values ranged from60.53 % in February to87.7 % in September. The minimum value of feeding intensity was 6.08 points/ fish in December and the maximum value was 8.7 points/ fish in July. Insects comprised 41.2% of the total food items of A. mossulensis followed by algae 28.7%, crustacean 15.9%, diatoms 12.36%, aquatic plants 3.74%, fish 3.36% and Mollusca 0.3%. Fish was found omnivores, tends to animal food more than plant food. The mean value of Lm50 was estimated to be 8.0cm, corresponding to one years old for both sexes. The overall sex ratio was (1 : 1.7 male : female). Gonadosomatic index for females ranged from 0.8 and 0.6 in June for females and males respectively to 14.01 and 5.8 in January for both sexes respectively. The spawning period started in February according to GSI values and histological examination for gonads during spawning season. The results of histological examinations revealed that this species has a short spawning season and female ovaries contained different maturing stages of ova, and the maturation started from the post part of gonads according to the space noticed at the middle part of the ovary. Histological examination proved that testes also contain different maturation stages. Blood vessel penetrate lobules with few spermatocytes at the posterior part of the testes whereas the anterior part less mature with disappearing of spermatocytes. Absolute fecundity for A. mossulensis ranged from1119 eggs for fish of 10.4 Cm length to 5022 egg for female of 14.2 Cm length.The relation between the total length (L) and fecundity represented by the following equation : F = 0.148L3.939 , r2 = 0.605

تاثير التسميد الورقي في نمو وحاصل هجينين من الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. المزروعة في البيوت البلاستيكية == EFFECT OF FOLIAR FERTILIZATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOW TOMATO HYBRIDS Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. GROWN IN PLASTIC HOUSES

اسم المؤلف: كاظم سالم لعيبي خليل الحمراني
اسم المشرف: عبد الله عبد العزيز عبد الله | عواطف نعمة جري
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: An experiment was conducted out during the season of 2014 - 2015 in unheated plastic house conditions belonging to the Maymunah Horticulture Station / Agriculture Directorate of Maysan to investigate the effect of foliar water - soluble fertilizers (Kinglife NPK 12 - 48 - 8+micro and Kally28 NPK 9 - 0 - 6 + Ca, Mg, B) on the growth, flowering and yield of tomato of hybrids ("Wogdan" and "Noura"). The study included eighteen treatments which were the combination of three factors. The first factor was two hybrids tomato "Wogdan" and "Noura" . The second factor was three levels of Kinglife (0, 2, 3 g.l. - 1) .The third factor was three levels of Kally28 (0, 2, 3 ml.l. - 1). A split - split plot design was used with three replicates. Treatment means were compared using least significant difference L.S.D. test at a probability of 0.05. Results may be summarized as follows : 1.Vegetative growth parameters "Noura" hybrid had the highest leaf area per plant and dry weight of shoot system compared to "Wogdan" hybrid after 90 and 150 days from transplanting. Foliar spraying with both fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase in plant height, stem diameter ,leaf number and leaf area per plant after 90 and 150 days from transplanting, and fresh and dry weight of the shoot system after 150 days from transplanting compared with control treatment. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most vegetative growth characteristics. 2. Leaf chemical characteristics "Wogdan" hybrid showed significantly higher in the concentration total carotenoid and percentage of phosphorus in leaves compared with "Noura" hybrid.Foliar spraying with both fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase in percentage of nitrogen and the total chlorophyll concentration, whereas Kinglife at 3 g.l. - 1 caused a significant increase in total soluble carbohydrates concentration in leaves comparison with the control. Foliar spraying with Kally28 at both concentrations caused a significant increase in total soluble carbohydrates concentration, whereas Kally28 at 2 ml.l. - 1 caused a significant increase in percentage of potassium and carotene concentration in leaves comparison with the control . The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics. 3. Flowering characteristics "Wogdan" hybrid had the highest number of inflorescences compared to "Noura" hybrid, whereas "Noura" hybrid had the lowest the flower abortion as compared with "Wogdan " hybrid. Foliar spraying with both fertilizers at both concentrations caused significantly increase in the number of inflorescences, the number of flowers per inflorescences and decreased in flower abortion, as compared with the control. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics. 4. Yield and its components "Wogdan" hybrid had the highest number of fruit per plant compared to "Noura" hybrid, whereas "Noura" hybrid had the highest the weight of fruit as compared with "Wogdan" hybrid. Both foliar fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase the yield and its components compared with control unfertilized. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics. Foliar spraying of "Wogdan" hybrid with Kinglife at 3 g.l. - 1 and Kally28 at 2 ml.l. - 1 gave the highest values of early yield and total yield per plastic house (4.277 and 10.697) Kg.m - 2, Sequentially,whereas "Noura" unfertilized gave the lowest (2.161 and 5.411) Kg.m - 2, Sequentially. 5. Fruit quality characteristics "Wogdan" hybrid caused significant increases in total soluble solids and concentration of vitamin C compared to "Noura" hybrid, whereas "Noura" hybrid caused significant increases in percentage of dry matter as compared with "Wogdan" hybrid. Both foliar fertilizers at both concentrations caused a significant increase fruit quality characteristics (vitamin C concentration, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and percentage of dry matter) compared with control unfertilized. The interactions between the studied factors were significant in most characteristics.

تاثير مستويات من N وP وK في نمو وحاصل اصناف من محصول الحنطة (Triticum aestivum L.) == The effect of levels from N , P and K in the growth and yield cultivars of wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

اسم المؤلف: فالح حسن فالح
اسم المشرف: وليد عبد الرضا جبيل السباهي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - المحاصيل الحقلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: نفذت التجربة في حقل احد المزارعين في منطقة الشنانة التابعة لقضاء القرنة ( 65 كم شمال البصرة ) خلال الموسم الشتوي 2013 / 2014 في تربة ذات نسجة مزيجية طينية , بهدف دراسة استجابة خمسة اصناف من الحنطة (. Triticum aestivum L ) ( بحوث158 واباء 99 وبحوث 22 وابو غريب 3 وفتح ) لاربعة مستويات منN وP وK ( صفر) و( 60 كغم N + 13.8 كغم P + 25 كغم K هـˉ١ ) و( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K هـˉ١) و(180 كغم N + 41.4 كغم P + 75 كغم K هـˉ١ ), اشتملت التجربة على 20 معاملة ناتجة من التوافيق بين اصناف الحنطة ومستويات السماد , ونفذت باسلوب القطع المنشقة وفقا لتصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة وبثلاثة مكررات , احتلت مستويات السماد الالواح الرئيسية بينما احتلت اصناف الحنطة الالواح الثانوية. وقد اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ان الاصناف الخمسة اختلفت معنويا فيما بينها بالصفات المدروسة اذ تفوق الصنف بحوث 158 في متوسط عدد ايام من 50% تسنبل وحتى النضج ( 53.75 يوما ) ومساحة ورقة العلم ( 48.87 ســم2 ) ووزن 1000 حبة ( 40.32 غــم ) والحاصل الحيوي ( 21.39 طن هــˉ١ ) , في حين تفوق الصنف اباء99 في طول السنبلة ( 12.56 ســم ) وعدد الحبوب في السنبلة (85.08 حبة سنبلةˉ١) , اما الصنف بحوث 22 فقد تفوق فـــــــــــــــي صفات حاصـــــــــــل الحبوب ( 7.91 طن هــˉ١ ) ودليل الحصاد ( 41.10 % ) وحاصل البروتين ( 902.09 كغم هــˉ١), وقد سجل الصنف ابو غريب3 تفوقا في ارتفاع النبات ( 90,62 سـم ) وعدد الاشطاءالكلي م2( 958.10 ) وعدد السنابل م2 (859.08 ) وكفاءة التسنبل (88.41% ) , وقد اعطى الصنف فتح اعلى عدد ايام من الزراعة وحتى 50 % تسنبل (111.59 يوما ) وتفوق في نسبة البروتين ( 12.13 % ) . واشارت النتائج الى تفوق المستوى السمادي F₃( 180 كغم N + 41.4 كغم P + 75 كغم K هـˉ١ ) اعلى متوسط في عدد الايام من الزراعة وحتى 50% تسنبل ( 104.07 يوما ) وفي عدد الايام من 50% وحتى النضج (48.27 يوما ) وتفوقه معنويا في صفات ارتفاع النبات (89.98 ســم ) ومساحة ورقة العلم ( 46.50 ســم2 ) وطول السنبلة ( 12.36 ســم ) وعدد الحبوب فــي السنبلة ( 76.78 حبة سنبلة ˉ١ ) . اما المستوى السمادي F₂ ( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم اK هـˉ١) فقد تـــــفوق معنويا فـــــــــــي صفات عـــــدد الاشطاء الكلي ( 828.00 شطا ) وحاصــل الحبوب ( 7.69 طن هــˉ١) والحاصل الحيوي ( 20.97 طن هــˉ١) ونسبة البروتين ( 11.78 % ) والذي لم يختلف عن المستوى السمادي F₁ فــــي هذه الصفة معنويا (11.72% ) وحاصل البروتين ( 906.22 كغم هــˉ١ ) . وسجل المستوى F₁ ( 60 كغم N + 13.8 كغم P + 25 كغم K هـˉ١ ) تفوقا معنويا في صفة عدد السنابل مˉ2( 709.80 سنبلة مˉ2 ) واعطى نسبة البروتين وبدون فارق معنوي عن المستوى السمادي F₂ وبنسبة ( 11.72 % ) . ومن النتائج ظهر عدم وجود فروقات معنوية لاستخدام مستويات السماد NPK في صفات كفاءة التسنبل ووزن 1000 حبة ودليل الحصاد . اثر التداخل بين الاصناف ومستويات NPK في كل الصفات ما عدا صفة وزن 1000 حبة . وبينت نتائج الدراسة ان الصنف بحوث 22 × F₂ ( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K هـˉ١ ) اعطى اعلى المعدلات لحاصل الحبوب (8.55 طن هــˉ١ ) وحاصـــــــــــــل البروتين ( 1012.32 كغم هــ ˉ١ ) والذي لم يختلف معنويا عن التداخل بين الصنف فتح × F₂ والذي اعطى حاصل بروتين بلغ 994.80 كغم هــˉ١ . اما الصنف فتح × F₂ فاعطى اعلى نسبة بروتين من بين كل التداخلات بنسبة بلغت 12.97 % . وجد ارتباط معنوي موجب بين حاصل الحبوب وكل من ارتفاع النبات ومساحة ورقة العلم وعدد الاشطاء الكلي وطول السنبلة ودليل الحصاد وحاصل البروتين ووجد ارتباط معنوي سالب بين حاصل الحبوب وكفاءة التسنبل . وان افضل مردود اقتصادي جاء من استخدام مستوى السماد F₂ ( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K هـˉ١ )حيث اعطى ناتجا حديا مقداره (7.76 ) دينار لكل ( 1 ) دينار للانتاج باستخدام السماد NPK المدعوم تحت ظروف شمال البصرة .اما بالنسبة الى تداخل الاصناف والسماد فحققت المعامــــــــلة بحوث22× F₂( 120 كغم N + 27.6 كغم P + 50 كغم K ) هـˉ١ وقد اعطت اعلى ناتجا حديا بلغ ( 14.70 ) دينار لكل (1) دينار مستثمر من استخدام السماد NPK المدعوم حكوميا. | A study was conducted at AL - shinana that belong to AL - Qurna about ( 65) Km north Basrha during winter season of 2013 - 2014 in silty loam soil to study the response of five wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) ( Bhooth - 158 , IPA - 99 , Bhooth - 22, Abu - Graib - 3 and Fateh ) for the four levels of N, P and K zero, (60 kg N + 13.8 kg P + 25 kg K hˉ1) , (120 kg N + 27.6 kg P +50 kg K hˉ1) and (180 kg N + 41.4 kg P + 75 kg K hˉ1) . The experiment included 20 treatment came from the combination between wheat cultivars and fertilizer levels . Split - plot design was used in rendomized block design with three replicates , the level of fertilizer were the main plots , where as wheat cultivars were the Sub - plots . Resulte showed the five cultivars are different in it's characteristics as the Bhooth - 158 was superior in number of days to 50% of spiking to maturation (53.75 days ) , flag leaf area ( 48.87 cm2 ), weight of 1000 seeds ( 40.32 gm ) , biological yield ( 21.39 ton .hˉ¹ ) . IPA - 99 was superior in spike length ( 12.56 cm ) , number of seeds per spike( 985.08 ) . Bhooth - 22 was superior in characteristics of seed yield ( 7.91 ton.hˉ¹ ) , harvesting index ( 41.10 % ) and protein yield ( 902.09 Kg hˉ ¹) . Abu - Graib cultivar was superior in plant height (90.62 cm ) ,number of tillers .mˉ 2 (958.10) ,number of spikes .mˉ 2(859.08) and spiking efficiency (89.75% 0 . Fateh cultivar gave the highest number of days from planting to 50% spiking ( 111.59 days) and protein content ( 12.13% ) . Results showed a variance among fertilizer level where F₃ level (180 Kg N + 41.4 Kg P + 75 Kg K hˉ ¹) caused highest number of days from planting to 50% spiking (104.07 days) , number of days from 50% to maturation ( 48.27 ) , plant height (89.98 cm ) flag leaf area (46.50 cm2 ) , spike length ( 12.36 cm ) number of seeds per spike ( 76.78 seed . spike ˉ ¹) . The F₂ level ( 120 kg N + 27.6 Kg P + 50 Kg K hˉ ¹) was superior in number of tillers (828.00 ) , seed yield ( 7.69 ton .hˉ ¹), biological yield ( 20.97 ton .hˉ ¹) , protein (11.78% ) and protein yield (0.906 ton .hˉ ¹) . The F₁ level ( 60Kg N + 13.8 Kg P + 25Kg K hˉ ¹) was superior in number of spikes per. m2 spike .m(609.80 spike .mˉ 2 ) and protein percent(11.72% ) which not significantly different from level F₂ . There were no significant effect of fertilizer levels on spiking efficiency , weight of 1000 seeds and harvesting index . There were an interaction between cultivars and fertilizer level in all characteristics except the weight of 1000 seeds . Bhooth 22 × F₂ level ( 120 kg N + 27.6 Kg P + 50 Kg K hˉ ¹) produced highest seed yields ( 8.55 ton . hˉ¹ ) and protein yield ( 1.01 ton .hˉ¹ ) which was not significantly different from the interaction between Fateh cultivar and 400 kg .hˉ¹ fertilizer which produced protein ( 0.993 ton .hˉ¹ ) . Fateh cultivar fertilized by 400 kg. hˉ¹ NPK produced highest protein percent which was 12.97 % . There was a positive correlation among seed yield and plant height , flag leaf area , number of tillers , spike length , harvesting index and protein yield . A negative correlation was found between seed yield and spiking efficiency . The best economical profit came from the use of F₂ level ( 120 kg N + 27.6 Kg P + 50 Kg K hˉ ¹) which produce ( 7.76) Iraqi dinar for each one dinar used for fertilizer used in north Basrah . The interaction between Bhooth 22 cultivar and level F₂ produce highest product ( 14.70 ) dinars to each one dinar invested in the use of NPK fertilizer that supported by government

تاثير السكر المتعدد الخارجي والخلايا المقتولة حراريا لعزلات محلية من بكتريا حامض اللاكتيك في تثبيط نمو الخلايا السرطانية وكمضادات اكسده ومايكروبيه == Effect of the expolysacaccarid and heat killed cells for local isolates of Lactic acid bacteria in growth inhibition of cancer cells and as antioxidation and antimicrobial

اسم المؤلف: فاطمة حسن احمد اللعيبي
اسم المشرف: قيثار رشيد مجيد | ناهي يوسف ياسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Lactobacillus bacteria was Isolated from different food samples included (bananas, tomatoes, apples, mandarin orange, cheese, buffalo milk, local yogurt and imported yogurt) and from infant feaces . 65 isolates were obtained out of 64 food samples, and 11 samples of infant feaces belong to Lactobacillus spp. and identified depending on selective medium MRS agar as well as phenotypic tests, microscopic tests and biochemical examinations including catalase test, production of Co2 from glucose, gelatin liquefaction, ammonia reduction from arginine, nitrate reduction to nitrite, growth examination in different temperatures, indole test, salinity tolerance test, motility test and carbohydrate fermentation test. As well as, confirmed test was done by using PCR technique. Purification and identification conducted and showed it contain (20) isolates of Lactobacillus acidophilus, (23) isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum, (6) isolate of Lactobacillus casei, (12) isolates of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, (3) isolates of bacteria Lactobacillus johnsonii and one isolates of Lactobacillus helveticus. The identified isolates of Lactic acid bacteria were tested on the production of polysaccharide and the optimal conditions for the production by using the modified medium by adding lactose to the medium and vaccine volume was 0.1% and the temperature of incubating was 37c° for (24 - 48) hrs and pH was (6.2 - 6.5) and centrifuged (11000) rpm. Detction of polysaccharide for all obtained bacteria was done . Results showed that the bast of amount production of polysaccharide to(Lactobacillus plantarum )which isolate from imported yoghurt (yR5) because it got the best amount of polysaccharide production which was (850.35) m / ml.SummaryThe presence of polysaccharide was detected by using thin - layer chromatography technique TLC to make sure from the presence of sugar molecules by using sulfuric acid and then the produced polysaccharide was detected by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Technology HPLC with the existence of standard saccharides for the purpose of detection and comparison.Inhibition activity of both crude bacteria cells and produced polysaccharide were studied against gram positive and negative bacteria which included Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonandas aeruginosa and E. coli O157 : H7 as well as the inhibitory activity against fungi was determined for each crude bacteria cells and produced polysaccharide especially against Penicillium spp. and Asprgills niger Result showed that in habithion effect was apparel towel all microorganism however no effect E. coli O157 : H7.Anti - oxidant activity of crude bacterial isolates were tested and the best anti - oxidant activity (Lactobacillus acidophilus (was the isolate which isolated from bananas source (B4) Mar 51.01% reached while less effective was the isolation (Lactobacillus bulgaricus) isolated from the local yogurt source (yL2) if it reaches 14.04% and the highest antioxidant activity of polysaccharide was from the isolate(Lactobacillus bulgaricus) which isolated from the local yogurt source (yL6) , amounting to 67.51% while it was less effective than isolation (Lactobacillus acidophilus ) isolated from the local chess source (Cha2) as it was 1.29% compared with the industrial anti - oxidation BHT and the natural anti - oxidation α - tocopherol in concentration (0.05 g / ml), results showed that the anti - oxidant activity by using the industrial anti - oxidant BHT reached to 82.70%, while the highest inhibitory activity of bacteriaSummaryanti - oxidant compounds 51.01% and for polysaccharide the highest percentage of inhibition was 67.51%, the bacteria anti - oxidant compounds and polysaccharide activity were close, while the activity of the natural anti - oxidants α - tocopherol was 73.96%.The results of sensitivity toward 10 antibiotics showed that all isolates of lactobacillus spp. Were sensitive to clindamycin. While only 16% of isolates were sensitive to nalidaxic acid.The cytotoxicity effect of the Heat killed (HK) cells and polysaccharide extract (EPS) of local isolates of Lactobacillus spp. on three of the cancer cells lines, human cervix uteri epitheloid carcinoma (Hela), muscular cancer cells line (RD) and rat embryogenic fibroblast (REF) as normal cell line , were studied . In this study, six concentrations of both polysaccharide extract and the (HK) cells which were (93.5, 187.5 , 375, 750,1500, 3000) mcg/ml. The results showed that all types of dead cells of lactic acid bacteria and polysaccharide product which clear effect on tumor cells differed depending on the degree of influence, polysaccharide extract of Lactobacillus johnsonii showed highest percentage of inhibition and the highest percentage of inhibition for (Hela) line was (93.64%) at exposure time of 72 hours. while the highest percentage of inhibition recorded for Lactobacillus acidophilus in (RD) line cells was (90.63%) after 72 hours. For the (HK) cells, the highest percentage of inhibition for Lactobacillus casei was 89.77 after 48 hours. While it was no effect of polysaccharide and HK on (Rat Embroy Fibroblast) ofter exposure time 72h.

تاثير تنقيع البذور بالموليبدنيوم ورش النباتات بالبورون في نمو وحاصل الباقلاء (Vicia faba L.) == Effect of Soaking Seeds with Molybdenum and Spray Plants with Boron on Growth and Yield of Broad bean (Vicia faba L.)

اسم المؤلف: فاطمة فجر فرحان الجبوري
اسم المشرف: كاظم حسن هذيلي الوحيلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - المحاصيل الحقلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2015 - 2014 in Abu Alkhasab (located 14.5 km south of Basra province), to study the effect of adding Molybdenum and Boron on growth and yield of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) class Luz de Otono Turkish.Global experiment carried out using a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications, and included two factors, the first 0, 5 (molybdenum three concentrations of with includes macerating seedsrespectively, and the second 2and M 1and M 0code with M )1 - and 10 mg L0, 25 and (oron which included three concentrations b in spraying factor, respectively, were 2and B 1and B 0, which have a code B )1 - 50 mg Ladded to the plant in the form of boric acid (17.4% B). )The characteristics determined in this study were : number of days from planting until 50% flowering , plant height , the number of branchs number of ,1 - plant pods of number ,podlength of ,leaf area per plant,dry weight ),1 - (kg ha seed yield ,yield plant ,seed weight - 100, 1 - podseeds of shoot system, seed protein percentage and total yield of protein.Results of this study were : 1 - The high levels concentration of boron and molybdenum caused increases in all growth parameters and yield components except the 100 - seed weight, which had a negative impact.podsthe number of dincrease )2(M 1 - LMo 10 mg inacerating seeds M - 2dry , seed yieldtotal ,plant yield ,pod per number of seeds ,plant per, seed protein percentage and total yield of protein ,weight of shoot system %31.87 , 1 - 25.62 g plant ,1 - ha3316 kg , 44.21 g ,4.76 ,1 - (8.36 Pod plant ,44.21%, 36% ,30.05% ,(41.7% ment ofincre with an) 1 - kg ha1073 andWhile this level of respectively. ,12.06% and 40.83%),61.94%which 100 seed reached 111.9, ofve less weight a) g2(Mmolybdenum was 22.5% less than the control.significantly 1 - Lboron at the concentration of 50 mg praying S - 3increased growth and yield and its components more than non - sprayed boron as it led to the increase in both the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, plant yield, seeds yield, dry weight of shoot (7.53 given, as seed protein percentage and total yield of protein ,system32.06% and ,1 - 23.37 g plant ,1 - ha2921 kg , 38.75 g ,4.51 ,1 - Pod plant 16.49 and , 40.44, 24.83, 20. 3, 18.9 ,14.6( to dincrease )1 - ha939.3 kg ve less a) g2. while spraying this level of boron (Brespectively )% 32.89weight for 100 - seed (115 gm) which was 11.5% less than non - spraying.and Boron at the concentration molybdenumThe interaction between - 4 high (95.33 cm), plant dincreas )1 - L+ 10 mg Mo 1 - L B (50 mg ofplant ( 52.80 g yield , (9.58) number of pods ,)7.28( branchsnumber of dry weight of shoots (31.43 g) , )1 - the sum total seed (3803 kg e , )1 - plant ).1 - ha 1192 kgtotal yield of protein (and

تاثير اضافة السماد المركب NPK وزراعة النباتات البقولية في التزهير والعقد والصفات الفيزيائية والكيميائية والانتاجية لثمار نخيل التمر Phoenix dactylifera L. صنف الساير == Effect of NPK fertilizer and culture of legume plants on flowering, fruit set, physical and chemical characteristics and productivity of Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Sayer

اسم المؤلف: عماد حميد عبد الصمد عباس العرب
اسم المشرف: عباس مهدي جاسم
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A study was conducted at date palm station that belong to Horticulture office of ministry of agriculture in Basra located in Hartha north of Basra during 2013 - 2014 season to find the the effect of the addition of the chemical fertilizer NPK+TE (20 - 20 - 20) and culture of legumes (alfalfa and broad been) around date palm trees cv. Sayer on chemical and physical characteristics during rutab stage. Fertilizers were added around tree trunk at depth of 25 cm and half diameter of one meter.Fertilizer were added at (0 , 250, 500 , 750, , 1000 ,1250 and 1500) gm / tree at two different time, the first one on 15/10/2013 and second addition on 1/3/2014.Alfalfa and broad bean were culture around trees on 1/10/2013. Results showed the significant effect of fertilizer at 1500 gm / tree level on most physical, chemical and productivity of fruits of cv. Sayer. The 1500 g m/ tree treatment wassuperior in its effecton flowering time, number of pollen spathes and fruit set. Pollen spathes first emergedand its number was 11 spaths and fruit set was 78.67% wheras ,control treatment delayed the emergence of spathsand number of spaths was six with fruit set 51.67%.The 1500gm/tree treatment was not significantly different from treatments of alfalfa and broad been culture and 1250 gm / tree treatments flowering date and fruit set ,also physical characteristics which were, fruit weight , mesocarp , seeds , fruit length , diameter, fruit size which were, 7.59 gm, 6.69 gm, 0.90 gm, 3.76 cm, , 4.47 m5.34 g were, results wheras,control treatment, respectively,3cm, 5.33 cm1.69 significantly , respectively and not 3m, 2.91 cm, 1.27 cm and 5.21 cm, 0.88 gmgdifferent fromalfalfa and broad bean culture and 1250 gm / tree treatment.For chemical characteristics which included moisture content , dry matter ,total soluble solids, total titrable acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, sucrose and total protein in fruits also nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in leaves where the 1500 gm /treet reatmentwas superior in those characteristics which were (29.29, 70.71, 65.17, 0.54, 61.61, 52.52, 8.64, 0.3, 1.88, 0.45 , 0.92)% respectively compaired to control treatment wheras,it was not significantly different from alfalfa treatment in total soluble solids and total titrable acidity and alfalfa , broad bean treatment and fertilizer at 1250 gm / tree in total and reducing sugar and different froma lfalfa and broad bean treatment in nitrogen percent and alfalfa treatment in phosphorus parcent.Summary الخلاصةThe 1500gm/tree treatment was superior compered to control treatment in ripening percent (69.33% ), bunch weight(6.82 kg) andtotal yield (40.92 kg) but not significantly different from alfalfa in ripening percent and alfalfa and broad bean treatmen and 1250gm/tree in bunch weight and total yield.According on the results of the current study, we recommend to use the NPK+TE fertilizer at 1500gm/tree or its interaction with alfalfa and broad bean culture to support growthand yield.

مقارنة عزلات مختلفة من الفطر Rhizoctonia solani Kühn باستخدام تقنيات الوراثة الجزيئية وبعض المعايير المظهرية والفسلجية

اسم المؤلف: علاء محمد رشا عبد الامير الرديني
اسم المشرف: محمد عامر فياض | طالب احمد جايد
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الامراض
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study had been carried out at Plant Protection Department and Genetic Engineering Labs of Agricultural College / Basrah University, while pots experiments were carried out at fields of Agricultural College / Basrah University. The present study included a comparison experiments of different Rhizoctonia solani isolates depending on molecular genetic techniques alongside with morphological and physiological parameters, host range and anastomosis groups identification.Thirty two different isolates of R. solani have been isolated from several host plants from several plant families throughout different geographical areas at Basra governorate. Result of pathogenicity test revealed that the majority of R. solani isolates caused a significant reduction in the germination percent of cabbage seeds, the isolates of Rs5, Rs16 and Rs19 were found to be more pathogenic and led to complete inhibition of germination, hence, the other isolates varied in their effect on seed germination percent and reported the range of 3.3 - 66.7 %, while, the isolate of BRs15 (binucleate isolate) did not show any significant effect on seeds germination compared to control (untreated) treatment (100%). According to pathogenicity test results, the most pathogenic isolates (Rs2, Rs5, R9, Rs16, Rs27 and Rs29) were selected for more followed experiments.Morphological analyses of R. solani isolates elucidated a profound difference among these isolates, the colony color was dark brown with the Rs9 isolate, light brown at the Rs16, while it was cream at the Rs2, Rs5, and Rs27, a white color with light brownish color was observed with the isolates of Rs29. The growth patterns at the medium supplemented with Potassium Chlorat showed that the isolates of Rs5, Rs9, Rs27 and Rs29 were sensitive to chlorate, while, the isolates of Rs2 and Rs16 were resistant to Chlorate. Regaling the effect of temperature on the growth of R. solani, it was found that the optimal growth temperature was at 25 °c for all examined isolates, while no growth was observed for all isolates at the temperature of 10 and 40 °c. The best pH values for growth supporting were 6 and 7 for all examined isolates.Anastomosis group analysis revealed the occurrence of anastomosis among the isolates of Rs5, Rs16, Rs27 and Rs29 with the standard isolate AG2, this confirms that these isolates belong to the group AG2, while the anastomosis between the two isolates Rs2 and Rs9 with standard isolate AG2 did not happen, therefore these isolates belong to a different group. Microscopic observation revealed theBoccurrence of more than two nuclei in each cell of examined isolates the average of nuclei number was 4 - 8 nucleus / fungal cell, while the number of binucleate isolate BRs15 exhibition two nuclei / fungal cell.The DNA extraction experiments for R. solani isolates (Rs2, Rs5, Rs9, Rs16, Rs27, Rs27, Rs30 and AG2) revealed the efficiency of CTAB procedure to get a high DNA yield and that it’s a good quality, as indicated results of measuring the concentration of DNA isolates it was good quantity amount (197.9 - 560.4 ng / μl) was obtained by following this procedure. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) results showed that all DNA of examined R. solani isolates were amplified by employing different RAPD primers, also each genetic primer succeeded in differentiation among isolates, as showed the polymorphic bands and monomorphic bands.The results of restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (RFLP) using RS1 and RS4 primers showed that the bands size for R. solani isolates obtained between 500 - 522 bp, restriction technique results using enzymes AvaII, HincII, MseI and MunI showed that Rs2 isolate belong to the group AG1 - IB, while Rs5, Rs16, Rs27, Rs29 and the standard isolate (AG2) belong to the group AG2 - 2, while Rs9 isolate belongs to group AG11 so Rs30 isolate belongs to group AG3 - PT.Result of host range of R. solani isolates showed a significant differences in the host preference, the isolates of Rs2 was able to infect all plant hosts except okra plant, while Rs5, Rs16, Rs27 and Rs29 were able to induce the infection on marshmallow, okra, cowpea, cotton and eggplant, no infections were reported on the host of melon and wheat plants, regarding R. solani isolate Rs9 an infection was observed on marshmallow, wheat and cotton, while no infection was noticed on melon, okra, cowpea and eggplant.Results of binucleate R. solani isolates role in protection of cotton plant from the infection with R. solani, revealed their protective role, the pathogenic effect of R. solani was significantly reduced, the germination percents were increased with BRs15 treatment reached 83.3, 86.7, 93.3, 83.3 and 90% at the treatments of Rs2, Rs5, Rs9, Rs16 and Rs27 respectively, without any significant difference with control treatment (93.3%). The highest germination percent was observed at BRs15 treatment with Rs29 and reported the percent of 96.7 %. Similar results were observed with damping - off percent of cotton plant, which proved the significant efficiency of binucleate isolate in their protection against all examined R. solani pathogenic isolates.

تاثير موعد الزراعة ومسافتها والرش بالهيومس السائل في النمو وحاصل البذور والزيت لنبات الخلة البلدي Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. وفعاليته التثبيطية لبعض الاحياء الدقيقة == Effect of Sowing Date, Plant Spacing and Spraing with Liquid Humes on Growth and Yield of Khellah Plant Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. and its Inhibition Activitie on Some Microorganisms

اسم المؤلف: علا عدنان فائز حبيب الجابري
اسم المشرف: عصام حسين علي الدوغجي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study was conducted during the growing season of 2013/2014 in the Medical and Aromatic Plants Unit Field, Agricultural Collage, Basrah University, to study the effect of sowing date, plant spacing and spraying with liquid hummus and their interaction on growth and seed and fixed yield of Khella plant Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. " Syrian Local " and its biochemical effects.The study Included 12 factorial treatments, which were the combinations of two sowing dates 1/10 or 20/10, three plant spacing 20, 30 or 40 cm and spraying with liquid humus in concentration of 0.75 ml. l. - 1 or without ( spraying with distill water) and their interactions. A Complete Randomized Block Design in a factorial experiment was used with three replicates. The results analyses with SPSS program and Least Significant Differences Test (L.S.D) in level 0.05 was used to compared The most important results may be summarized as follows : - 1. Effect of sowing dates : Plants sown on 1/10 gave a significantly increases in plant height, leaf number. Plant - 1, number of main lateral branches. plant - 1 , earliest in inflorescences appearance, number of inflorescences. plant - 1, total seed yield. plant - 1 (54.3 gm), weight of 1000 seed, seeds productivity. hectare - 1 (4754kg), total fixed oil. plant - 1 (2.9gm), fixed oil productivity. hectare - 1 (309.5 kg), leaf total soluble carbohydrates content, seed total soluble carbohydrates content. Whereas plants grown on 20/10 had a significantincreases in dry matter percentage, fixed oil percentage ( 8.3%) and seed total protein percentage.2. Effect of plant spacing : Plants cultivated at 40 cm a part had a significant increases in leaf number. plant - 1, earliest in inflorescences appearance and number of inflorescences. plant - 1. Whereas plants cultivated at 30 cm a part had a significant increases in weight of 1000 seed and leaf total soluble carbohydrates content, Plants cultivated on 20 cm a part gave a significant increases in seeds and fixed oil productivity. hectare - 1 (3543kg and 311.2 kg), respectively.3. Effect of spraying with liquid humus : - Plants sprayed with liquid humus had a significant increases in leaf number. Plant - 1, dry matter percentage, number of inflorescences. plant - 1, total seed yield. plant - 1 (34.0 gm), seeds productivity. hectare - 1 (3543kg), fixed oil percentage (8.1%), total fixed oil. plant - 1 (2.6gm), fixed oil productivity. hectare - 1 (267.2 kg) and leaf total soluble carbohydrates content.4. Effect of the interactionsThe Interactions between the study factors, showed a significant effect in all studded parameters except leaf total chlorophyll content.5. The activity of the Khella seed and leaf extracts against certain types of pathogenic bacteria to human.The activities of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of either leaves or seed were tested against some types of bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerugnesa and Staphylococcus aureus at fiveconcentrations 50, 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg. L. - 1. The aqueous extract of the seeds showed inhibition effect in all studied concentrations, the effect increased with the concentration increases.6. The activity of the Khella seed and leaf extracts against two pathogenic fungi Aspergillus nigerCandida albicanThe activities of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts of either leaves or seed were tested against two fungi Aspergillus nigerCandida albican at five concentrations 50, 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg. L. - 1. All the extracts showed inhibition effect in growth diameters of both fungi, the methanolic extract of leaves was the more effected

عزل وتشخيص بكتيريا . Vibrio spp من بعض الاسماك المتداولة في الاسواق المحلية لمدينتي البصرة والناصرية ودراسة بعض خواصها == Isolation and Identification of Vibrio spp. from some fish proffered in local markets of Basrah and Nasiriyah city and study some properties

اسم المؤلف: عذارء عودة حسين الجبوري
اسم المشرف: خديجة صادق جعفر الحسيني | منال بادي صالح التميمي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study included isolation and identification Vibrio spp. bacteria that taken from fresh and frozen fish (Tenualosa ilisha , Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Barbus sharpey and Spondyliosoma cantharus). 210 fishes were collected from Basrah market (Big market in Basrah, Al - Ashar, Al - Tanoma and 5 mile) while 150 fishes were collected of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Barbus sharpeyand Spondyliosoma cantharus) from Nasiriyah market (Big market and Harj market) this collecting process of samples took a period from 02.June till 30.November - 2013.Fishes were brought to laboratory and samples were taken from it and planted directly on biological media (Nutrient agar, Blood agar, MacConkey agar and selective medium (Thiosulphate Citrate Bile salt Sucrose Agar TCBS) then the petri dishes were incubated aerobically at temperature 37cº for 18 - 24 hours. 30 positive samples were identified of Vibrios depending on colony shape, cell under microscope, catalase test, oxidase test and motility test, afer that the types were identified depending on the biochemical tests and by using API20E kit, which led to identifying two kinds of Vibrios bacteria : Vibrio cholera and Vibrio fluvialis. These two bacteria were isolated from fresh fishes more than frozen fishes.Study observed that the Vibrios isolation percentage of these two bacteria in Basrah market was 26% (15 isolates) while the isolation percentage was 21% in Nasiriyah market (63 isolates).Sensitivity and antibiotics tests were done, results showed that all Vibrios cholera bacteria had 100% resistant against Aztreonem, while some of it had low resistant which was about 45% against Amoxicillin - clavulanic Acid and Nalidixic Acid, all Vibrio fluvialis bacteria isolates had resistant against Aztreonem, Amoxicillin - clavulanic Acid and Nalidixic Acid which was 100%, 75% and 25% respectively, while all VibrioAcholera and Vibrio fluvialis isolates were sensitive 100% against Amikacin, Ampicillin, Chloram - phenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Tetarcycline, Trimethoprim /Sulpha - methoxazole.Vibrio cholera and Vibrio fluvialis bacteria isolates were 100% tolerant for acidity at pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, while Vibrio cholera bacteria was 60% tolerant to the acidity at pH 4.5, and Vibrio fluvialis bacteria was more resistant to the acidity of 20% and 50% tolerant at pH 4.0 and 4.5 respectively.The study showed to the ability of Vibrio cholera bacteria to resist the salinity reached 60% and 100% at concentrations 6% and 7% respectively, but it didn't grow on concentrations 8% and 9%.Vibrio fluvialis bacteria was resistant for the salinity in all the concentrations with different percentages reached to 100% at concentrations 6%, 7% and 40% at concentration 8%, while at concentration 9% there was only one sample had resistant of 20% and it was from frozn sample of Beni fish which taken from Big market in Basrah.All isolates from different sources could grow in 25 and 37 cº and in room temperature 15 cº during doing this experiment, while some isolates of Vibrios bacteria could grow with low density in 5 cº, while it couldn't grow in - 20 cº.By using Real Time (PCR) technology for detecting hemolysim enzyme gene in Vibrio spp., that 27 samples from Vibrio cholera bacteria and 3 samples from Vibrio fluvialis bacteria had this enzyme which analyzes red blood cell (RBC) and considered one of toxins that belongs to Vibrio spp. which has a role in occurrence of disease.

التنوع السمكي وبعض الخصائص الحياتية في الجزء الشمالي لشط العرب وبعض مقترباته == Fish biodiversity and some biological characteristics in the Northern part of Shatt Al - Arab River and some of its reaches

اسم المؤلف: عبد المحسن جعفر عبد الله
اسم المشرف: ساجد سعد حسن النور
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاسماك والثروة البحرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم الاسماك والثروة البحرية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The aimed of the present study to find out the nature of the qualitative compositionand some biological aspects in the North part of Shatt Al - Arab River and some of its reaches after emergence of many changes in the region and habitats segmenting by Dam construction on Euphrates River in the area between Chibyish and Mudina town and establishment of Qlat - Salih Regulator, reduction of water discharge to minimum limits, entry of alien species on an ongoing basis, so it is necessary to conduct a study to find out the nature of the diversity of fish in the region, and it has shown that the composition of community differs from previous studies revealed that introduced alien small size species and some of uneconomic species were dominate. The samples were caught monthly from the river from December 2013 to May 2015 North of Basrah Province. Several fishing tools were used to collect fishes seine, fixed, draft, cast net and electrofishing. Three stations were selected; the station 1 was in the North of Qurna town about five kilometers North the point which the Tigris and Euphrates River confluence, station 2 at the place of Seweeb River is meeting the Shatt Al - Arab Rive and station 3 at the point that Al - Shafii River which meet Shatt Al - Arab river. Some environmental parameters were measured, namely air temperature ranged from 15ºC in December 2014 in station 3 to 43ºC in the August 2014 at station 2 and 3, while the water temperature from 11ºC in January 2015 for station 1 to 36 ºC in July at station 2. Light penetration revealed 33 cm in April and May 2014 and 132 cm in January 2015 for station 3. Current speed ranged between 0.03 m/s in January 2015 in station 3 and 0.29 m/s in October 2014 for station 1. Salinity ranged from 0.66 g/L in January 2014 for station 1 to 1.46 g/L in February and March 2015 in station 1 and October 2014 for station 2. The pH values tend toward the alkaline, the lowest 7.30 in May 2014 for station 2 and 8.90 measured in February 2014 in station 1. Monthly discharges, average incoming from the Tigris River recorded 35.20 ± 8.47 m3/s in November 2014 to 73.85 ± 17.55 m3/s on February 2014. Lower values of reactive nitrate were recorded 0.69 μ g at. N/L in March 2015 at station 3 and highest 24.32 μ g at. N/L in May for station 2, however the values of reactive phosphate recorded, the lowest 0.0037 μ g at. N/L in March 2015 at station 2, the highest was 0.589 μ g at. N/L in November 2014 for station 1. A total of 29405 individuals was collected during the study period represented 916521g included 33 species eight of them were marine species contain 29 genera belong to 14 families of Osteichthyes, Cyprinids family occupied first degree in the number of species (13) and genera (12), the numerical relative abundance of marine species in the study area was 3.38% and the relative abundance gravimetric was 8.45%. A significant positive correlation was found between number of species and water temperature (r=0. 506). Liza abu, Carassius auratus and Coptodon zillii were the most total numerical relative abundance 30.89, 29.30 and 15.64 % respectively, C. auratus, S. triostegus and C. zillii were the most total weight relative abundance and composing 27.58, 14.27 and 11.64% respectively in the study area. Discharges rates flowing from the Tigris River revealed negative effect with the number of species and the insignificant negative correlation was recorded (r= - 0.109) with discharge monthly rates, and fluctuation relationship was noticed between discharges and ecological indices. However, native species included 15 seasonal species 4 and 14 for rare species. Diversity index (H) ranged between 0.91 in January 2015 at station 3 to 2.05 in March 2015 for station 2, richness index (D) 0.83 in February 2014 at station 3 and 2.79 in March 2015 at station 1, evenness index (J) recorded 0.38 in January 2015 and the highest 0.78 in September 2014 for station 1. The percentage of similarity among stations by Jaccard similarity index (Ss%) showed variation uneven during study months. Cluster analysis of species similarity pointed to clumping in groups controlled by temperature. The Multivariate analysis was (CCA) adopted to clarify the impact of a biotic factors on the distribution of species. Total catches were ranged between 16380 g in December 2013 to 80309g in December 2014. The total average catch per unit of effort was 24.953 kg/hr for seine nets ranged from 0.928 kg/hr in December 2014 at station 2 to 30.271 Kg/hr during January 2015 for station 3. The number of fishing boats in the study area 143 their length between 5 - 7m most of them without an engine. The impact of alien species direct effects during the destruction of nests and reproductive ground, especially eggs which lie on a plant for native species and hybridization between alien and native species, and indirect effects of competition on food, ecological space, environment destruction and aggressive behavior. The length groups of all fish species were recorded, the lowest values were for Alburnus mossulensis, Acanthobrama marmid, Hemiculter leucisculus and Garra rufa, they were 7.3 - 18, 6.3 - 17, 7 - 17 and 7.2 - 17.8 cm respectively, whereas the highest were for Silurus triostegus, Leuciscus vorax and Mastacembelus mastacembelus, they were 10.8 - 72.4, 9.5 - 57.3 and 14 - 55 cm respectively. Faben method used for estimating growth parameters (L∞,K) by applying FiSAT program for C. auratus, Carasobarbus luteus and L. abu, the values of L∞ for three species 38.97, 35.69 and 22.19 cm respectively, and for K 0.29 to the C. auratus and C. luteus and 0.41 for L. abu, the results revealed five years age for C. auratus and C. luteus whereas four years age for L. abu. The present study showed high values of diet overlap between L. abu and Cheon subviridis 09% also high values 90% Oreochromis aureus and Oreochromis niloticus S. triostegus and L. vorax 89%, but it did not reach the competition limit, also high diet overlap 86% and competition was found between C. auratus and C. luteus Absolute fecundity for C. auratus females ranged from 1303 for 8.8 cm total length and 10g weight to51245 egg for 30.1 cm total length and 557g weight, and for C. luteus from 2098 for 13.1 cm total length to 14147 egg for 20.9 cm total length and 131g weight, while in L. abu from 6247 for 9.7 cm total length and 11g weight to 41219 egg for 17.5 cm total length and 63g weight.

تاثير التقليم الورقي والرش بالاثيفون في صفات الثمار الفيزيوكيميائية والفسلجية والتشريحية والحاصل في نخيل التمر Phoenix dactylifera L. صنف الحلاوي117 == Effect of leaf pruning and ethephon spray on fruit physico - chemical , physiological , anatomical and yield of Phoenix dactylifera L., cv. Hil

اسم المؤلف: ظافر ناصر عبود خلف القطراني
اسم المشرف: علي حسين محمد الطه
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - البستنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم البستنة وهندسة الحدائق
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was conducted in a private orchard at Abi El - Khassib district , Basrah Governorate, during the growing season of 2014 to investigate the effect of leaf pruning at levels of 6 , 9 and 12(leaf . bunch⁻¹)during the onset of pollination and spraying ethephon on bunches at concentrations of Zero , 250 and 500 (mg.L⁻¹) , once, at Kimri stage on fruit physico - chemical , physiological , anatomical characters and yield of date palm ,cv. Hillawi . Results showed that leaf pruning treatmeats of 9 and 12 leaf . bunch⁻¹ recorded significant increases in fruit , pulp fresh weight , fruit size , length and diameter and water content of fruit at Rutab stage, carotene pigment concentration of fruit skin and respiration rate of fruit at Kimri and Khalal stages, ripening percentage at Khalal and Rutab stages, bunch weight of tree at Tamir stage . Leaf pruning treatments of 6 and 12 leaf.bunch⁻¹ increased total chlorophyll pigment concentration of fruit skin at Kimri stage significantly. Leaf pruning treatment at 12 leaf.bunch⁻¹ recoreded significant increases in cell length and width of inner mesocarp of fruit at Khalal stage, and total yield of tree at Tamir stage. Treatments of 6 and 9 leaf.bunch⁻¹ increases significantly total chlorophyll pigment concentration of fruit skin and number of cells in mm² of inner mesocarp of fruit at Khalal stage, whereas treatment at 6 leaf.bunch⁻¹ increased fruit dry matter percentage and total acidity and respiration rate of fruit at Rutab stage. Ethephon treatments at concentrations of 250 and 500 mg.L⁻¹ had significant increases in fresh weight of fruit at Rutab stage, and respiration rate of fruit at both Kimri and Khalal stages. Treatment of 500 mg.L⁻¹ ethephon recorded significant increases in pulp weight of fruit , fruit volume , length , diameter , total soluble solides , phosphorus concentration of fruit at Rutab stage, and carotene pigment concentration of fruit skin at Kimri , Khalal stages, and ripening percentage of fruit at Khalal and Rutab stages, and cell length and width in inner mesocarp of fruit at Khalal stage, and bunch weight and total yield of tree at Tamir stage. Both treatments of Zero and 250 mg.L⁻¹ ethephon recorded significant increases in total chlorophyll pigment concentration of fruit skin at Kimri and Khalal stages, and number of cells in mm² of inner mesocarp of fruit at Khalal stage, whereas control treatment of ethephon increased fruit total acidity and respiration rate significantly at Rutab stage. Bi - combination of leaf pruning at 12 leaf .bunch⁻¹ and spraying ethephon at concentration of 500 mg.L⁻¹ recorded significant increases in most of the studied characters as compared to other bi - combination treatments

دراسة بعض الجوانب الحياتية والبيئية للروبيان الشرقي Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) وطرائق تربيته واكثاره في البصرة، العراق == Study of Some Biological and Ecological Aspects, Aquaculture and Breeding Methods of Oriental Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) In Basrah, Iraq

اسم المؤلف: طارق حطاب ياسين المالكي
اسم المشرف: مالك حسن علي | امنة علي هاشم
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاسماك والثروة البحرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية الزراعة - قسم الاسماك والثروة البحرية
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية انشاء مفقس للروبيان الشرقي Macrobrachium nipponense وتجربته عمليا على الاناث الحاملة للبيض والمصطادة من منفذ المسحب خلال شهري حزيران وتموز لسنة 2013 واجراء عملية التكاثر وتسجيل اربع مراحل تطور جنينية في البيض، وتراوحت مدة التطور الجنيني للبيض بين (20 - (30 يوما.بينت الدراسة تسجيل افضل معدل وزن لليافعات في اثناء تربيتها في الاحواض المختبرية والمغذاة على عليقة ذات محتوى بروتيني 42 % مع نسب البقاء مرتفعة بين 90) - (95%، وهذا ما انعكس على التركيب الكيميائي لجسم الروبيان بعد التجربة. بينت نتائج السلوك بان الروبيان المدروس يفضل التعلق ضمن عمود الماء، اذ بلغ افضل معدل وزن عند استعمال عليقة الرقائق (Aquafin) ونسب بقاء 95 % خلال مدة التجربة، واظهرت نتائج تجارب الاقلمة الملحية واستهلاك الاوكسجين بان التركيز الملحي نصف القاتل (LC50) لليافعات خلال 96 ساعة كان 15.5 psu مع نسب بقاء مرتفعة في الملوحتين (0.9 و(5.0 psu، ولوحظ ارتفاع تدريجي باستهلاك الاوكسجين مع ارتفاع كل من درجة حرارة الماء والملوحة. بلغت نسبة الجنس 1 : 3.8 ذكور : اناث على التوالي. تراوح عدد البيض للروبيان المصطاد من منفذ المسحب بين 3,600) - (10,200 بيضة /انثى. في حين بلغ معدل التفقيس لليرقات (1632 ± (861 يرقة زؤيا، وكان معدل عدد اليرقات نسبة الى وزن الجسم 225 ± 110 /غم من وزن الجسم، كما لوحظ وجود ارتباط بين وزن الامهات مع كل من وزن البيض وعدد اليرقات الفاقسة، واظهرت نتائج رعاية اليرقات حديثة الفقس في انظمة الاستزراع المختلفة بان اغلب اوزانهواصل الى 3 ملغم خلال المدة الممتدة بين 12) - (22 يوما ، وكانت اعلى معدلات نسب بقاء لليرقات 63.75 % سجلت في الحوض الطيني فيما تراوحت بين 27.50) - (47.50% في الانظمة الاخرى.بلغت معدلات الاوزان النهائية (813 و978) ملغم لليافعات الفاقسة المرباة في الاقفاص الطافية والغاطسة على التوالي، في حين بلغت معدلات الاوزان 805) و950) ملغم لليافعات الطبيعية المرباة في الاقفاص الطافية والغاطسة على التوالي خلال 28 يوما، وبنسب بقاء بين (86 - 93)%، في حين تراوحت معدلات اوزان اليافعات المستزرعة في النظام المغلق من (938 والى 4010) ملغم خلال 90 يوما، وبنسب بقاء بين 86) - (92 %، وسجلت اعلى نسب البقاء ليرقات الروبيان ويافعاتها المرباة خلال 42 يوموابلغت 78.13% في الحوض الطيني فيما تراوحت بين (47.50 - (58.13% في الانظمة الاخرى. تحقق افضل معدل اوزان لليرقات المغذاة على عليقة (46% بروتين) ولمدة ستة اسابيع في الحوض الطيني وكان697 ملغم واقلها في الحاضنات وبلغ 312 ملغم، تتحول اليرقات حديثة الفقس (طور الزؤيا) الى طور ما بعد اليرقي بعد عمر 12) - (22 يوما، في حين طور اليرقة المتقدمة بعد عمر 23) - (44 يوما يتحول الى الطور اليافع الذي بدوره يتحول بعد عمر (45 - 129) يوما الى الطور قبل البالغ الذي بعد عمر 130 - 179 يوما يصل الى الطور البالغ، اي بعد عمر 180 يوما الروبيان يصبح في الطور البالغ.حددت انتاجية المفقس من الاحواض الداخلية بين (53,504 - (190,000 يرقة زؤيا، في حين ينتج بين (32,355 - (99,560 يرقة متقدمة، وتراوح الانتاج من الاحواض الخارجية ما بين (4,347 - (24,098 يرقة زؤيا، وبين 2,527) - (18,828 يرقة متقدمة، كذلك على ضوء نتائج المساحة الكلية للحوض الطيني وحوض الالياف الزجاجية فان عدد يرقات الزؤيا التي يمكن ان تستوعبها تتراوح ما بين 36,559) - (15,300,000 يرقة زؤيا، وبين (21,248 - 11,954,400) يرقة متقدمة، اما مجموع الانتاج الكلي في جميع انظمة الاستزراع الداخلية والخارجية فكان ( 12,600,188 - 15,760,462) يرقة زؤيا، وبين 9,753,349) - (12,197,630 يرقة متقدمة.بلغت النسب المئوية للتركيب الكيميائي لبعض مكونات العليقة المصنعة في الدراسة الحالية والمستعملة في تغذية اليرقات 44.84) و51.27 و2.57) % للبروتين والدهن والرماد على التوالي، في حين بلغت لعليقة مسحوق الاسماك المستعمل في تغذية الامهات واليافعات (40.37 و25.29 و15.13) % للبروتين والدهن والرماد على التوالي. | This study included hatchery construction for oriental prawn Macrobrachium nipponense, a gravid females were collected from Al - Masshab Outlet, Basrah, during the peak of occurrence in June - July / 2013, is for application of breeding process, with recorded four developmental of eggs, with range time of embryonic development stage of eggs between 20 - 30 day. The present study revealed that the best weight for juvenile in laboratory which were feeding on diet contain 42% protein with high survival rates between 90 - 95%, this reverse on the chemical composition of prawn body after the experiments. Showed result behaviour that this prawn preferred to feeing hold on the ponds columns, it reach a best weight by using flake feed (Aquafin), with survival rate 95% during the experimental period. The salinity acclimation and oxygen consumption showed that LC50 for juvenile was 15.5 psu after 96 hours, with high survival rate in tow salinities 0.9 and 5.0 psu. A gradual increasing in oxygen consumption with increasing temperature and salinity clearly proved in this experiment. Sexual ratio was recorded to be 1 : 3.8 for males : females respectively. The number of eggs were collected from Al - Masshab Outlet between 3,600 - 10,200 egg for number of females, while the ranged of all hatching larvae were 1,632 ± 861 zoae. The range of ratio of larvae to the ratio of body weight was 225 ± 110 g from body weight of prawn, and the present study showed that there is a correlation between female weight with both egg weight and number of hatching larvae, by using different nursing systems of newly hatched larvae for 12 to 22 day, and the larvae reached weight to 3 mg., while higher range of survival larvae were 63.75% in muddy pond, in others systems were 27.50 - 47.50 %.The final weight range were reached 813 and 978 (mg) for hatched juveniles that were reared in floating and emerged cages respectively, while the naturally reared Juvenile have weight range between 805, 950 (mg) for nature floating and emerged cages during 28 day, with a survival rate between 86 - 93%, and weight range of juvenile reared in closed system from 938 to 4,010 (mg) during 90 day, with survival rates 86 - 92 (%). High levels of survival rate recorded to be 78.13% for larvae and juvenile of prawn cultured earth in ground pond during 42 day, comparison with 47.50 - 58.13% in others system. The best weight for larvae that feeder on protein diet (46%) for six weeks in ground pond reached to 697 mg while the lowest weight in nursing system reached to 312 mg. The age which zoea needs Metamorphosis zoae between 12 - 22 days to reach post - larvae, were 23 - 44 day for Metamorphosis post - larvae to Juvenile, and this needs between 45 - 129 day for reached to sub - adult with in 130 - 179 day. After 180 day more prawn reached to adult stage.The hatchery production of zoea larvae was fluctuated between 53,504 - 190,000, it and between 32,355 - 99,560 post - larvae. The total production from earth pond (mud pond and fiberglass tank), the number of zoae larvae between 36,559 - 15,300,000 larvae, and between 21,248 - 11,954,400 post - larvae. While the total production in all culture systems were 12,600,188 - 15,760,462 zoea larvae, and between 9,753,349 - 12,197,630 post - larvae.The chemical composition for prepared diet the present study which used for nutritional diet experiment were 44.84 % protein, 51.27 % fat and 2.57 % ash. Fish meal constituents was 40.37 % protein, 25.29 % fat and15.13 % ash

استجابة زهرة الشمس للحامض الاميني البولين تحت مدد ري مختلفة == The Response of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus.L) to Proline under different Irrigation intervals

اسم المؤلف: شاكر اسماعيل عبد الرضا
اسم المشرف: هاشم رشيد مجيد
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2015
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - المحاصيل الحقلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Field experiment was conducted during the fall season of year 2014 done in farmer's fields in the Auffia area southwest of Missan province (about 14 km .1 - m the soil was clay loam with 4.2 ds . city center)fromThe objectives were to determent the response of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus .L) hybrid Flame to amino acid - Proline in order to reduce water stress. The experiment executed in split - plot (R.C.B.D) design with three replicates. The experiment were three levels of proline (P1 spray Proline concentration in addition to the control 1 - ; P2 spray Proline concentration 100 mg L 1 - 50 mg LP0 as distilled water were located in sub - plot) while the other factor was irrigation period (W1= irrigation every 10 days; W2= irrigation every 15 days andW3= irrigation every 20 days) as the main - plot.The crop sprayed with Proline acid after mixed with water in two phases of growth is V6 (the phase of six real leaves) and R1 (flowering stage) with application of irrigation system. After the plants reaches to physiologic maturity and growth characteristics measured; the contains of yield and quality characteristics and the results were analyses statistically and compared with averages LSD test. The results showed the following.e uhigher valgave to the control compared 1 - 100 mg Lwith praying ProlineS - 1for growth measurement in mean of plant height; number of leaves; stalk diameter ; head diameter and LAI and they were (126. 19 cm ; 28. 60 leave ; 23. 27 mm; 17. 48 cm and 2. 28) respectively. Also increased the mean of yield and seed yield; weight of 100 seed the; 1 - head er of seedsnumb components) 1 - 16 ton h .and 1 1 - 48 tons h .0 4 g; 3 .40 seeds; 6 .(1003 oil yield ofrespectively.2 - Applying irrigation every 10 days improve all growth characteristics; yield's components and quality compared to applying irrigation every 20 days, which gave the lowest mean in above characters.3 - The results also showed that the interaction of applying Proline and irrigation periods was significant for the most of the growth characteristics; yield and quality characteristics. It was concluded from to reduced period of irrigation not differ from hich W .1 - 100 mg L Proline once applying daysevery 15 applying irrigation every 10 days for most of the studied characteristics. Is the most important yield; oil production and this can saves 25% of irrigation water under conditions - Missan Auffia area. That reduces the wastae of water resources or expansion of the agricultural area and increase the yield.
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