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الرحالة البندقي ماركو بولو (ت725هـ/1324م) ومروياته عن المغول : دراسة في المصادر المغولية والاسلامية == Marco Polo The Venetian Traveller (D.725 H/1324M) And His Narratives On The Mongols A Study In Mongolian And Islamic Sources

اسم المؤلف: احمد فرطوس حيدر
اسم المشرف: مرتضى حسن النقيب
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present study, which is entitled (The Venetian Traveler Marco Polo, died in 725 H, 1324 AD, and His tales on about the Mongols), discusses the most prominent historical narratives told by this Venetian traveller about Mongols in the middle ages. This traveler, no doubt, gained a prominent fame that none of the European travelers who preceded him acquired. There are two reasons behind this, firstly for the value of the narratives he wrote about Mongols whether it was from historical point of view or reports counties when they were at the summit of their prominence full of wars and unrest, and secondly, for the great impact these historical narratives had on the European thinkers and their societies about Asian Orient in general and specially the Mongol peoples, who quickly turned from tribes fighting each other to conquers of the world. They had conquered half of the world during the seventh Hegira Century, Thirteenth AD. This dissertation is consist of four chapters, introduction, conclusion, plus list of and appendixes a list of Source material. Chapter one discusses the life and time of the traveller Marco Polo beginning with his birth in Venice, and his growing statehood , his famous travel to China and post in the Mongol Royal palace till his departure to Venice and his death in 725H, 1324 AD. Chapter two deals with the social traditions and habits of the Mongols and the countries submitted to them through a contrastive study between Marco Polo's narratives and those of other contemporary sources in this respect concerning all social life of Mongol life. Chapter three is about Marco Polo's narrratives on the Ilkhanid Empire found by Hulagu Khan in the Eastern Islamic territories after the fall of the Abbasid state. This chapter, also, discusses important issues, such as the fall of Baghdad and the death of the Abbasid Caliph "Al - Musta'sim Billah". Chapter four discusses the most important descriptions of countries visited by Marco Polo, including wide parts of the Mongol Empire. The study has concluded the following results : 1 - This study affirmed the authenticity and truth of most narratives mentioned by the traveler Marco Polo about the Mongols, through the corresponding of these stories with approved historical Chinese and Persian sources that documented the news of these peoples, besides the corresponding of material in general, with those of other travelers such as William of Rubruck and Ibn Battuta among others, However we affirmed the exaggeration in the description of some of Marco's travels. 2 - Concerning debate by some researchers about the authenticity of Marco's visit to China and his residency there, the study confirmed the authenticity of Marco Polo's visit to China and his residency there for seventeen years. During this period, he enjoyed a special care of the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan. Through a detailed study of Marco Polo's narratives about China, we found out the precision of the description of the historical incidents. He was accurate in describing Mongols and their capital Khanbaliq which precisely corresponding to the stories of the Mongol historians and contemporary travelers who visited China during the era of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.3 - The study reveals that the importance of Marco's narratives about Mongols relies in the fact that they were not only corresponding to those in the Mongol and Islamic sources, but they represent in addition describing a new era of history in which those Mongols and their nomad tribes had the capability to turn from nomades into civilized societies, as they presented a unique system of administration, of which Marco Polo himself was one of this administration. They could mix the 'Yassa', The Mongol code of law created by Genghis Khan, and the laws of other peoples who submitted to them, unlike the common idea known about Mongols in most of other writings, which described the Mongols as murders savage and barbarian tribes.4 - The study, through Marco Polo's narratives, uncovered many various social traditions of peoples forming the Mongol empire, proving the ability of Mongols to deal with conquered peoples and comprehend wide discrepancies and contradictions among various religions, race and ethics with a unique skill and wisdom.5 - Concerning Mongol Shamanism, which was the religion embraced by Mongols, the present study shows first one which contradict Islamic source that materials with religious Shamanism in claim that the origion of that religion dictate in both the worship of one mighty God.
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر كلف النقل في الاتجاهات التسويقية لمعامل الاسمنت في العراق لعام 2015 == The Influence Of Transportation Cost On The Business Marketing Of Cement Factories In Iraq For 2015

اسم المؤلف: نورس تحسين شبيب
اسم المشرف: ناهض هاتف محمد السعيدي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد صناعة الاسمنت احد الانشطة المهمة لاقامة مشاريع البنى التحتية او اي مشروع اعماري , ان هدف الدراسة هو معرفة اثر كلف النقل في الاتجاهات التسويقية لمصانع الاسمنت في العراق لسنة 2015,وهل اثر الاسمنت المستورد في الصناعة المحلية ودراسة التوزيع الجغرافي لمص | The industry of cement is considered one of the significant activities in the construction of sites and projects. The present study aims at identifying the transportation cost of cement in Iraqi factories during 2015 and whether these costs do affect the business marketing of this product. Besides, it aims at exploring whether the imported cement does affect the local or national industry of this product, and the geographical distribution of cement factories in Iraq. This study has adopted the regional methodology resulting in identifying the factors of industrial settlement greatly impacting the cement industry such as the raw material, working hands, marketing, capital, energy and power, and the governmental policy besides the natural factors and conditions such as the geographical position, weather and water resources in the light of theories concerned with the transportation costs like Alfred Fiber theory and Hoover theory. The study has depended on the records of cement factories of governmental and non - governmental sectors in addition to field visits to diagnose the amount of cement produced during 2015. There is a variation in the geographical distribution of cement factories in Iraq as there are six factories in the north affiliated to the northern cement company, four in the west affiliated to the Iraqi cement company, and eight factories in the south affiliated to the southern cement company besides other private factories like Mas - Bazian in Sulaimania, Aldouh factory in AlMuthna, and Almabroukah factory in AlBasra. The cement industry in Iraq suffers from a lot of problems like transportation cost, factories distribution, marketing problems, pollution problems, power problems and foreign competitive products. It has been concluded that the industrial settlement is one of the main reason in constructing and building cement industrial projects especially in the case of Iraq which is best known by the availability of raw materials. Furthermore, the transportation cost of cement from those factories to the various governorates decides the business marketing of this product as it has been observed that the transportation direction from those factories to the nearest governorates show lower prices and costs and the reverse is true.

تحليل خرائط المؤشرات التخطيطية للخدمات الاجتماعية في مدينة المحمودية

اسم المؤلف: منى محمد علاوي
اسم المشرف: حسام صاحب حسون ال طعمة
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ترمي الرسالة الى دراسة تحليل خرائط الخدمات الاجتماعية في مدينة المحمودية والتعرف على التباين المكاني في الخدمات الاجتماعية (التعليمية والصحية والترفيهية ) فضلا عن معرفة امكانية تحليل الخدمات الاجتماعية في عكس واقع وكفاءة تلك الخدمات في منطقة الدراسة والكش

تحليل خرائط مؤشرات كثافة استعمال الارض في مدينة بغداد

اسم المؤلف: مريم عبد الهادي اكوش
اسم المشرف: حسام صاحب حسون ال طعمة
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف الدراسة الى اعداد وتحليل خرائط لاستعمالات الارض الحضرية والكثافات السكانية والحضرية والسكنية في مدينة بغداد على كافة المستويات الحضرية ابتداء من اكبر مستوى هو البلدية ثم الحي السكني والى اصغر وحدة ادارية والتي تتمثل بالمحلة السكنية لعامي 2009 - 2015 | r urban grounding, and population, urban and housing densitie urban levels including the largest component of municipality and the smallest component of neighborhood during 2009 - 2015 through spotting lights on the way of distributing population density and the main reasons behind such distribution. The study has identified the different patterns of housing, industrial, general services, open and green lands, farming, governmental, transportation, and the like uses. It also explicates the way of distribution of these densities in the various administrable units of the area under investigation through setting up and analyzing a set of maps. This study has three chapters ; chapter one deals with describing the uses of maps for land density at the municipality level , chapter two deals with setting up ground density grouping maps for the various neighborhoods of the present study, while chapter three deals with analyzing the ground density grouping maps for the smallest administrable units. The researcher has used the descriptive methodology and digit - quantification map analysis methodology. That is, it has been used maps and satellite images of Baghdad city, and setting up a set of maps for the area under investigation via the data provided by the governmental official institutions. The study has 61 maps and 41 tables. The study has come up with a number of concluding findings. It has been emphasized the significance of digital maps in magnifying the density image for the smallest housing area or so - called neighborhood. The following neighborhoods (303, 311, 109, 111, 113, 117, 119, 125, 127, 129, 131, 520, 522, 526, 528, 532, 534, 540, 542, ' 544, 54, 548, 550, 522, 554, 560, 560, 562, 527, 529, 531, 544, 546, 550, 552, 554, 556, 558, 560, 562, 627, 529, 531, 533, 539, 541, 543, 547, 549, 551, 553, 559, 561 ', 563, 563, 565, 567, 569, 513, 517, 519, 521, 555, 557, 571, 571, 573, 575, 752, 754, 758, 701, 713, 715, 719, 715, 721, 732, 737, 751, 753, 771, 773, 789,913,950,813,673,421,454,458,460,462,472, 416, 418, 418, 426, 462,430) have high urban density of 500 person per a hectarein 2015. Also, the administrable units have accessed the permissible population limit, and a number of solutions have been put forward

التحليل المكاني للانفاق العسكري لدول الشرق الاوسط للمدة (1988 - 2015) == Spatial Analysis Of Middle Eastern Countries' Military Expenditure (1988 - 2015)

اسم المؤلف: كرار احمد عطية نعمة
اسم المشرف: بشار محمد عويد القيسي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: جاءت الدراسة الموسومة بـ ( التحليل المكاني للانفاق العسكري لدول الشرق الاوسط) لمعرفة ما هو الانفاق العسكري وما اثر تلك النفقات على منطقة الشرق الاوسط بصورة عامة ودوله بصورة خاصة وطبيعة التباين في النفقات العسكرية بين تلك الدول واسباب هذا التباين خصوصا بعد | The study, entitled (Spatial Analysis of Middle Eastern Countries' Military Expenditure), is an attempt to find out what is meant by military expenditure, its effect on the Middle East, in general, and particularly the countries in this area, the nature of the differences in military expenditure among these countries and reasons behind these differences. This expenditure lately witnessed a remarkable increase; however most of these countries are developing and suffering from several economic and developmental problems. In this study, the researcher discusses the concepts of military expenditure and Middle East. The most prominent concepts, differences among these concepts and reasons behind differences among researchers concerning these concepts, were discussed. Besides, most the prominent geographical characteristics of the Middle East which serve the subject, concerning position, area and strategic importance of the area were tackled. The study also mentions world military expenditure by billions of dollars out of the gross domestic product, the most world countries spending on military sectors, among which were many countries from the Middle East. The researcher also discusses military expenditure for each continent and differences in such expenditure among continents. After that, military expenditure in the Middle East, in general, in million dollars, gross domestic product of each country were discussed to show the nature and extent of military expenditure of world, Middle East and each country separately. Then, the extent of military expenditure of each country in the Middle East, nature of differences and most profitable countries and companies from this expenditure were discussed. The researcher tried to mention the most prominent reasons behind such a difference in military expenditure and reasons led countries of the Middle East to resort to such a high level military expenditure. Then he tried to study the most important effects of such military expenditure (positive and negative effects), as well as clarify the future of military expenditure in the Middle East.

هيدروجيومورفولوجية نواظم الضبط الجنوبية لنهر الفرات في محافظة ذي قار == Hedrogeomorphology Head Regulators South Seizure Of The Euphrates River In The Province Of Dhi Qar

اسم المؤلف: سناء عبد شهد التميمي
اسم المشرف: سعدية عاكول منخي الصالحي | حسين لعيبي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة مجرى نهر الفرات وتفرعاته والذي يمتد من ناحية الفضلية التابعة لقضاء سوق الشيوخ في محافظة ذي قار حيث تمثل نقطة دخول نهر الفرات في منطقة الدراسة، وتفرعه في هذه الناحية الى فرع (غليوين) والمقام عليه اول ناظم من نواظم الضبط الجنوبية وصولا الى م | The study examined the course of the Euphrates River and its branches, which extends from the hand of the Suq - Shuyukh in Dhi Qar province, where represents the entry of the Euphrates point Fudaliyah, and Tafrah in this area to a branch (Glujn) and place it first Rhyming of South head regulators tuning down to the mouth of the rest of the forest Euphrates River erected thereon Rhyming (Glujn, good vine, Aekakh, Digger, brown happy, or Palm) in Hammar marsh and along the river (43 km). Study of the hydrological system and the resulting forms of geomorphology and pictures invested in Hedrogeomorphology study. The researcher relied on field study scientific and historical sources and interpretation of satellite images and topographic maps.The study area is part of the alluvial plain land which is characterized by Banbsat out of the northwest slope towards the south - east, which Kan determine the general direction of the river bed a height of approximately (5 m) above sea level.The geology of the region dating back to the Pleistocene and Holocene era and covers the surface sediments of time is a modern four - wheel depositions disjointed divided into floodplain deposits, which mostly due to the activity of the Euphrates and tables branching ment in historical stages, depressions and deposits, and deposits of the marshes.The region is subject climatically to the dry desert climate depending on climatic data obtained from Nasiriyah station and Samawa, so the recipe drought to the region reflected its effects on the lack of rain in winter and high temperatures in summer, leading to variation and fluctuation in the discharge hydrological Euphrates River monthly and quarterly and annually and is affected by the quantities the disposal absolute headwaters of major river, affecting the composition of formats ground inside and outside of the river and its branches, as well as the lack of vegetation density, making the region is characterized by climatic water balance is negative, according to my way of Thornthwait and Khrovh. Based on these characteristics and how they interact with each identified forms the floor of the area and of Mounattvat and twists of river and islands river, which is that of the geomorphological aspects of excellence in forest river, as was the shoulder for (54) a turn and twisting in the main stream and the forest, and through maps and visualizations were taken clips longitudinal study area and Tzmt to three longitudinal sections where the river turned out to be going through a period where he excelled longitudinal aging sector of the river slightly Ptqar (semi - regular) to the small vertical distance of the sector for the longitudinal horizontal distance.As it has been cleared cross sections where it was found through a survey (10) sections of the river that the form of these sections take the form of the letter (U) which is a reference to the stage of aging is going through because of the duck runoff resulting from a lack of steep and deep (0.75 cm / km).As it turned out that there is a clear interaction between geomorphological fluvial processes and human activity as the changing course of the river through the stages may cause migration of many towns and villages that were built on its extension and turned into a new stream taken, which is reflected in the settlement pattern, as it would like linear pattern along the course of the Euphrates River in the regionAs it turns out that the river water is investing in several areas of agricultural investment in the forefront, and human use in the field of drinking comes lags filtered by the filter plants (RO) for use in the field of drinking and washing and then use the water to drink animals that grew up in the area and agriculture is dependent class basis on the style of irrigation through an intermediary only at the present time due to the low river water levels, through various pumps horsepower and powers on both sides of the river.

الحاجات الاساسية وعلاقتها بالوعي السياسي والفاعلية السياسية == Basic Needs And Its Relationship To The Political Awareness And Efficiency

اسم المؤلف: مديحة نصيف رحيم
اسم المشرف: انعام لفتة موسى الهنداوي
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علم النفس
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الحاجات النفسية الاساسية وعلاقتها بالوعي السياسي والفاعلية السياسية لدى افراد الهيئات السياسية للاحزاب المشاركة وغير المشاركة في السلطة هي مضمون هذا البحث وقد وضعت مجموعة من الاهداف تتلخص في قياس المتغيرات الثلاثة ومعرفة العلاقات الارتباطية فيما بينها مع | The basic psychological needs and its relation with the political awareness and political commissions 'political efficiency that are not participated in the power that is considered the main core of this research. I have placed a set of goals summarizing in measuring three variables and knowing the correlation relations among them , together with doing comparisons based on the participation coefficient in the power at the sample 300 individuals of participant and non - participant commissions ' political boards in the power.The current research has reached to the following results : 1. The basic psychological needs existed at the research 's sample with high degree. 2. The political awareness gets deteriorated at the research 's sample. 3. The political efficiency becomes deteriorated at the research 's sample. 4. A. There is a positive correlation relationship between the basic psychological needs and political awareness, and between the basic psychological needs and political efficiency. The positive correlation relationship between the political awareness and political efficiency. B. There are differences in the correlation relationships between the basic psychological needs and political awareness at the executed political boards ' individuals for parties that have not participated in the power. There are not statistic differences in the correlation relationships between the basic psychological needs and political awareness ; There are not statistic differences in the correlation relationships between the political awareness and political efficiency according to the participation variable in the power at the executed political commissions ' individuals. 5. There is correlation relationship between the basic psychological needs , political awareness and political efficiency In the light of the research's results, number of relevant recommendations and suggestions.
الملخص:
المصادر:

فردية الانفصال وازمة الهوية لدى المراهقين == Separation Individuation And Identity Crisis In Adolescents

اسم المؤلف: زهراء خضير راشد الساعدي
اسم المشرف: بثينة منصور الحلو
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علم النفس
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: مرحلة المراهقة مرحلة مهمة لتكوين نمط الحياة لسنوات الحياة المقبلة , فهي مرحلة توتر نفسي فضلا عن كونها مرحلة نمو متشعب , تحدد العديد من المشاكل في هذه المرحلة التي قد يعدها المراهق تحديات لذاته وقدراته , ويكون لوجود الابوين دور اساسي في تعاظمها او التخلص م | Adolescent stage is a very important stage in forming and shaping future life - style; it is a stage where psychological tension is heightened; moreover, it is a stage that is marked by a multi - levelled growth. Many difficulties and problems are identified during this stage, a Adolescent might consider these difficulties as challenges that would test his 'self' and his 'potentials'. Parents might have a very crucial role in either increasing or eliminating these challenges, facilitating at the same time the Adolescent period for their offsprings, making it easy, smooth, and crisis - free. The main process that a Adolescent stage undergoes is separation process, which is characterised by the desire of the Adolescent to be independent in performance and action. The Adolescent's desire to be independent is quite normal; on the contrary, it is one of the manifestations of teenaging merits as well as one of its biggest problems. The perfect outcome that stems from Adolescent separatism process is unique identity formation preserving at the same time the tendency to identify with others. Hence, the process of developing an identity starts when the crisis of identifying existence mixed with anxiety and worrying about what suits him best of principles, beliefs, goals, roles, and social bonds of value and meaning both on social and personal level. The research aims at : 1. Measuring Adolescents' separatism individuality.2. Identifying Adolescents' separatism individuality in two samples (12 - 15) years old and (16 - 19) years old.3. Measuring identity crisis found in Adolescents. 4. Identifying identity crisis found in Adolescents in two samples the (12 - 15) year old sample and the (16 - 19) year old sample. 5. Finding a connection between separatism individuality and identity crisis in Adolescents.In an attempt to realise the ultimate goal of the research, the research constructed a scale for both variables separatism individuality and identity crisis, measuring their validity and the distinctive features of the items.The reliability factor of the separation individuality scale according to the method of retest is 0.90 and 0.84 according to Alpha Crunbach. The reliability factor of identity crisis scale according to the retest method is 0.97 and 0.80 according to Alpha Crunbach; they were applied afterwards to a sample of (300) fe/male Adolescents who were selected randomly from different schools of Baghdad. After processing the data statically by the statistic pouch SPSS, the researcher has come up with the following findings : 1. The sample does not show any separation individuality case.2. There are no statistic differences between the two samples, the (12 - 15) year - old sample and the (16 - 19) year - old sample.3. The sample shows identity crisis.4. There are no statistic differences between the two samples, the (12 - 15) year - old sample and the (16 - 19) year - old sample.5. There is a statistic connection between the two variables : separation individuality and identity crisis.A number of recommendations and suggestions for further future research are proposed according to these findings
الملخص:
المصادر:

الحاجات الروحية وعلاقتها بالامل لدى المعاقين من ضحايا الارهاب == Spiritual Needs And Their Relation To Hope Among Disabled Victims Of Terrorism

اسم المؤلف: رنا فليح عبيس الفتلاوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الحليم رحيم علي
الموضوع العام: علم النفس
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علم النفس
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: لشخصية الانسان جوانب (مادية) تتمثل في تركيبه العضوي، و(روحية) تتمثل بنشاطه الفكري، والعقلي، والعلاقة وثيقة بين هذين الجانبين اذ يؤثر احدهما في الاخر، ولابد من التوازن بينهما بحسب ما اكدته الدراسات المتخصصة، ولهذين الجانبين حاجات مادية، وروحية، والاخيرة | Every human being has physical aspects, like his organic structure, and spiritual ones, like thinking activities, and the relation between them is so extensive and each one affects the other. There should be a balance between physical and spiritual needs, as approved by experimental research, and the latter can include the individual's needs for peace and secured life. The Iraqi society has been suffering from black terrorism since 2003, and a group of people has suffered from terroristic attacks making them disabled victims affecting negatively their psychological health and state, and increasing feelings of restlessness, anxiety, hopelessness and negative passions accompany their life. It is because of this, the need for the present study arises. The study is based on the importance of psychological needs and their role in the psychological improvement of disabled people, as they have a positive impact on individual's psychological state like happiness and hope. The study aims at identifying spiritual needs and the role of hope for disabled victims of terroristic acts. It identifies the spiritual needs and hope in relation to the variables of gender, age and disability level. It also identifies the relationship between spiritual needs and hope, and the parameters of spiritual needs like content, peace, and sublimation, and their role in hope prediction. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher has adopted Bosnik's theory of spiritual needs (2010) and Lazaros's theory of hope (1999). The sample of the present study comprises of 269, aged between (18 - 80) years old, divided into males (165) and females (104), and disability average ranging between (60 - 100 %), during 2003 - 2016. The researcher has designed an instrument of spiritual needs and hope, and the data are analyzed through the use of t - test, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA, and linear regression of the SPSS package. Validity and reliability are investigated and approved. Results reveal that : 1. An increase in fulfilling the spiritual needs of the research sample. It is calculated as (45.5) which is higher than the tabulated value amounted to (1.96). 2. The sample of this research is optimistic. The calculated t - test value is read as (16.4) which is higher than the tabulated value amounted to (1.96).3. There are significant statistical differences in favor of spiritual needs in relation to age. The calculated f - value is (4.63) which is higher than the tabulated value amounted to (3.84). Concerning the variable of gender and the disability average, there is no significant statistical difference. Also, no significant difference between hope and the variables of gender, age and average of disability is found. 4. There is a positive relationship between spiritual needs and hope for the study sample. The research has been concluded with a number of recommendations. It is necessary to activate the role of psychological counseling in rehabilitation centers for disabled people to satisfy their spiritual needs. Besides, ministries in charge are responsible for hiring psychological counselors to deal with disabled people to raise their spirits and support them psychologically. The researcher has suggested a similar study but on different samples from the Iraqi society like normal people or people with cancer. Also, a study on the relation between spiritual needs and psychological health, life satisfaction, psychological flexibility, positive thinking, optimism and happiness can be conducted.
الملخص:
المصادر:

اتجاهات عمل المراة المتعلمة في المجتمع العراقي المعاصر : دراسة اجتماعية ميدانية في مدينة بغداد == Educated Women'S Trends In Current Iraqi Society : A Field Social Study In Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: هديل عبد الوهاب احمد
اسم المشرف: سلام عبد علي مهوس العبادي
الموضوع العام: علم الاجتماع
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الخدمة الاجتماعية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اذا ما اردنا النهوض باي مجتمع لابد من اعطاء المراة مكانتها الحقيقية ولاسيما في مجال عملها وسبل اختيارها وتعزيز اتجاهاتها نحو العمل الذي ترمي الحصول عليه، لكن في بلد العراق ونتيجة للتغيرات التي مر بها عبر عقود من الازمات والحروب القت بظلالها على المراة يتو | Among conditions of any society's progress is to give women their real role, particularly in the field of work, choice and enhancing trends of work women seek to get. In a country like Iraq, as a result of changes it witnessed through decades of crises and wars, which affected women, there should be a revision to general policy concerning educated women , diversify choices for work, whether state employees or in the private sector, and raise barriers, whether cultural or social, between a woman and choosing a certain job. Thus, and to find out this subject, the researcher chose such a study which aims at finding the role an educated women may play through domains of work. A group of concepts and terms which give more clarifications concerning the study were discussed in chapter one. Chapter two discusses a group of studies that facilitated for the researcher the making of use of the expertise of researchers in the present study. Chapter three studies the challenges and self achieving policies for educated women, through a historical review of the subject and types of challenges, social and cultural. Chapter four focuses on the factors that influence the trends and their jobs formation. The second part of the study; the field study, included in chapter five, which is comprised of the study's methodology and field measures among which are methods and tools. The researcher, in this chapter, also dealt with fields of the study, such as human factor, in which a sample of 300 female workers were investigated, the spatial factor, which is the city of Baghdad, and temporal factor which is the period from 1/10/2015 to 15/9/2016. The researcher made use of statistical means (percentage, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation and Cramer Correlation factor). The researcher arrived at several outcomes, among which is that no progress or development could be achieved for Iraqi society unless women effectively participate; the success of women reflects state's policies towards women.
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سلوك التنمر لدى طلبة الدراسة الاعدادية بناء وتطبيق == Among Junior High School Students Building And Application

اسم المؤلف: فراس ناجي رزوقي
اسم المشرف: طالب عبد سالم الربيعي
الموضوع العام: علم الاجتماع
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الخدمة الاجتماعية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study begins by identifying the research problem, ending publication of the findings of the researcher, the longer the bullying of serious social problems behavior in the modern era for being psychologically affected, and socially, and economically, in both the individual and society, according to their home areas, in developed or developing countries and for both sexes. Which stimulate the researcher to study the behavior of bullying being indicates a serious problem more than other behaviors, so many adults feel that bullying behavior affects their lives even during adulthood, and through talking with some teachers and those interested in the educational process, it became clear that the behavior of bullying may overshoot students scope with each other and began heading toward teachers, which portends a great danger threatens the educational process in particular and society in general. And despite the fact that parents have begun introducing their children to private schools for fear of being subjected to bullying behavior or other hazards, they overlooked that the human being since childhood has an innate drive toward the establishment of an effective social relationships with its surroundings. The importance of the study of the behavior of bullying among junior high school students stems from the elementary student behavior with other students. If this behavior did not take to diminish and disappear in the advanced student stages, this indicates the presence of danger, lies the risk behavior of bullying in that behavior leads to clash with others, it is does not recognize the wishes of others and their rights, so this behavior demonstrates the poor adapt to different social situations. So we had to raise attention to this behavior, which is no longer just talk transient we are hearing on the street and enough is enough, and even reached the contagion to our educational institutions. The aim of the study (bullying behavior among junior high school students) (construction and application) is : 1 - knowledge of bullying behavior in the research sample2 - knowledge of bullying behavior in the sample according to the variables of sex and age.3 - knowledge of the behavior of bullying according to the areas of bullying. The study relied on social survey methodology, as well as the use of multiple statistical methods as factories Pearson correlation, and Chi - square, and the equation Alvakronbach, testing Altaia T - Test, and analysis of variance duo, the coefficient Hevah.To achieve the goals The study was divided into two sections : the first section theoretical framework for the study, and included two chapters, while the second section titled Field frame of the study included two classes, as follows : The first Door : Chapter One : The first topic was the definition included the study, having a problem with the study and its importance and its objectives, and the second section to identify the most prominent scientific concepts and terminology.The second chapter : This chapter included three topics : First topic touched on some of the theories that interpret the behavior of bullying and observations were taken on each theory. As the second section contains a review of some of the previous studies on the subject of bullying behavior and then discuss these studies showSynergies and differences between them and the current study. While the third section of the same chapter included the reasons that help the emergence of bullying behavior.Part II : Chapter III has included two sections : The first section includes the most important procedures of the study carried out by the researcher in terms of selecting the approach taken in, and identify areas of study and the study population and size.He gave the second topic on the study tool and procedures validated and the final application of the measure and determine the statistical methods used by the researcher.The fourth chapter : The three topics : Eating the first part, a presentation of the results of the current study, according to the specific goals set, and then discuss and explain these findings the study of reverence Blur and questioning Arqam that emerged from the study.While the second section included general directives to curb bullying behavior.The third section came to be crowned with the study and giving it aesthetic and sparkle that you need any study to be incomplete aspects of the Chiefs, has been included on the conclusions reached by the researcher through the presentation of the study results and their interpretation, and also contained the recommendations adopted by the researcher to curb the behavior of bullying, and then put proposals that could be studies to other aspects of the challenge of bullying behavior.The field side in this study sample included the original core of the community for the students of junior high school's 421 students are divided on the (12) schools and collected data through a social survey method.The results indicated that the field to sample the current study, members of the junior high school students have an average bully behavior in general. And that the study sample of male members and within the age group (18 and 20 years) have high bullying behavior than their peers in the age group that is the lowest (16 and 17) years. It matched the result on the variable according to the sex of females with the result reached by the study of the behavior of males in the age groups of bullying themselves. In the areas of school bullying measure cyberbullying came first prize, and bullying on the property in second place, while the third place was occupied by verbal bullying, and fourth place was a physical bully, while the fifth and final rank was sexual bully
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ثقافة تنظيم النسل والمعايير الاجتماعية : دراسة انثروبولوجية في مدينة بغداد وبعض المناطق الريفية المجاورة لها == The Culture Of Breed Organization And Social Standards An Anthropological Study In The City Of Baghdad And Its Adjacent Rural Areas

اسم المؤلف: ميادة حيدر رشيد
اسم المشرف: ذكرى عبد المنعم ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: علم الاجتماع
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ادت المتغيرات الثقافية، والاجتماعية، والاقتصادية في المجتمع العراقي بمنتصف السبعينات من القرن الماضي الى اهتمام الاسر العراقية لاسيما اهالي مدينة بغداد لتطبيق مسالة تنظيم النسل بعيدا عن الوسائل المحرمة كالاجهاض والتعقيم وغيرها وان كانوا يعيشون في بيت | The cultural, social, and economic changes that occurred in the mid - 1970s Iraqi society, intensified the awareness of the Iraqi families, especially those in Baghdad, of the necessity of the organization of breed, instead of residing to forbidden methods like abortion and sterilization, etc, even if they lived in the house of the great family, organization of breed has become a religious and secular bliss for most of the families that followed it. Taking into consideration the substantial changes in the married couple's convictions about breeding organization, because the many pressures encountered by the families, which stem from many main factors grasped by the individuals of the society, one of which is that breed organization does not clash with religion based on the fact that urban life - style is validating this view, whereas in rural areas, such an idea is bound to follow certain tribal and social convictions. Not excluding, surely, that some responded, lived by, and endeavored to apply breed organization, since the current prevailing life - style necessitates taking into consideration breed organization in present time, due to cultural, social, and economic backwardness, which generally enveloped the Iraqi society. The study at hand presents a thorough analysis and clarification of breed organization orientation through detecting the cultural systems of two different societies : the urban society represented by Zayyuna in Baghdad, and the rural society which entourage Baghdad city like Al Sredat village. The researcher has followed the functional approach and the comparative approach in her present study. And the tools of the study were observation, interviews, and reporters through apparent changes were detected in these societies. The conclusion has come up with the findings : 1.The influence of family awareness in maintaining familial stability, since urban families in our society are pioneered the application of breed organization, becoming a necessity after it was a mere idea or conduct keeping up the pace of changes that characterized all social strata in present time. 2.The domination of cultural criteria and values, which take into consideration the size of the family as the families in rural areas which form family units, since (the social values structure) which include : customs, traditions, social codes, cultural beliefs, religion, which refer to the importance and value of breeding
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الارتداد الثقافي والبنية الاسرية : دراسة انثروبولوجية == Cultural Rebound And Family Structure Anthropological Study

اسم المؤلف: عباس مجبل دليان
اسم المشرف: عبد الواحد مشعل عبد
الموضوع العام: علم الاجتماع
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: عالجت الدراسة موضوعا حيويا يتصل بالاتصال الثقافي للتغيير السياسي، والاقتصادي، والناحية الدينية، والنفسية على بنية الاسرة العراقية بعد سنة (2003)، وبرزت اهمية الدراسة في الظروف التي يعيشها المجتمع العراقي في المرحلة الحالية، اذ تمكنت من الاعتماد على نظري | The study discusses a vital issue concerning post 2003 Iraqi family structure's cultural communication of political and economic change, religious and psychological fields. The importance of the study lies in the conditions Iraqi society faces currently. It relied upon basic theories of cultural anthropology, such as functionalism and conflict trend, probing studies discussing cultural regression on the structure of the family as a result of all and where. The study adopted functional method and the study tools such as observation through participation, deep scale interview, and informative persons. It concluded some important results with relation to the impact of the political, economic, religious, psychological and social variables on the structure of Iraqi family within its cultural dimension, particularly that relates to social values, traditions and habits, as well as that relates to the political variable and its impact on the foundation of a new political regime built on sharing and the regression of culture on the structure of Iraqi family. Moreover it studies the impact of cultural variable and the transition of the country from a philosophy of socialist system to the capitalism system and the absence of national industrial and agricultural product and its current negative effect on the structure of the national economy, and ultimately on the structure of the family which dealt with the open market technological products.This confounded social relationships and had great impact and regression on the family's social values. Therefore individual values became prominent over collective values that were previously dominant in the family build up. The study found out that religious trend deviated from functional system and religious parties towards political dimension, which had impact on the structure of the family. Moreover, the study found out that cultural regression emerged as a result of psychological factors and the psychological tension on the individuals of the society due to a group of factors, such as basic services deficiency, absence of security and stability resulting from conflicts, terrorism and extremism in the absence of law, and the emergence of social group dominating thesociety, such as tribe and sect. the citizen, as a result of all that, resorted to social norms instead of law. All that led to cultural regression on the
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الابادة الجماعية في العراق : دراسة اجتماعية == Genocide In Iraq : Social Study

اسم المؤلف: سعد عبد الحسين دواي سعد
اسم المشرف: لاهاي عبد الحسين الدعمي
الموضوع العام: علم الاجتماع
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علم الاجتماع
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: We conclude from what has been stated to define the concept of genocide and how it developed and approved in the agreement which was known by the agreement of preventing genocide and punishment of the doers, illustrating to us the great importance of this concept which occupied the international community for a long time in order to criminalize such actions to eliminate the other based on nationality, ethnicity, race or religion , so in order to limit these violations that affects the human rights and develops the spirit of racism and ethnical , national and religious bias. This concept has been explained and the most contributions in this regard in order to put the theoretical part on reality and how the genocide happened in Iraq suits the concept approved by the United Nations and enforced it. In order to impart the status of international crimes and genocide on the repression and murder, deportation and other methods of marginalization against Shiites in Iraq, This is a bitter reality lived by the Iraqi society and was designed by the ruling power at that time to kill pluralism and unloading Iraq from the important and biggest sector the Shiites, or at least eliminate them from the important positions in the country unless declares loyalty to the unfair dictatorship in ruling Iraq and represented by the Baath and its men. The crime of genocide committed in southern Iraq in the nineties of the twentieth century are unprecedented crimes, and by the fact that the political system is the one who committed this crime against the Iraqi people in the south on sectarian basis politically motivated, the genocide differs from any other crime committed against humanity, because this crime involves the intent to annihilate a certain group of people in whole or in part, so this crime when committed at any time or place is directed against the whole humanity and against its principles and values, and as stated in the General Assembly decision of the 1946 ( the genocide is the denial of the right of entire groups of human beings in existence just as murder is the denial of the right of individuals of people in life, thus the international charters and laws that prevent and punish for this crime is considered a clear progress in the international community, but this is not without its weaknesses as the Convention, which stipulates on preventing genocide and punishing the perpetrators, left the punishment of the defendants to the courts of the country which committed genocide in its territory, or the international Criminal Court, and that means not to give the right of every country to arrest the perpetrators and trial them, the thing which leads to impunity if they seek refuge to a country that is not a member in the Convention in addition neglecting the genocides in countries outside this Convention, as is the case in Iraq when the authority committed many crimes that can be considered as genocide, according to the Convention and international laws. The study refers to actions taken place which are considered genocide actions against a group and another sector differs in beliefs and ideology from the ideology of the ruling authority. These actions are considered prohibited based on the international criminal law and the laws related to Human Rights. The effects of these actions appeared after 2003 as the when the mass graves appeared and the secret documents were disclosed stating the orders to execute and the eliminate thousands of Shiites in the middle and southern parts of Iraq. All these are among the documents, facts and information collected by the researcher from the families of the victims. In the method of oral history we can say that the crimes committed by the authority and political system in the nineties of the twentieth century against the southern people are genocide crimes based on the agreement of preventing genocide.
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صراع السلطة داخل الاسرة العراقية : دراسة ميدانية في مدينة الكوت == Power Struggle Inside The Iraqi Family Empirical Study In Kut City, Of Wasit Provence

اسم المؤلف: مريم علي ثابت جبار الحسيني
اسم المشرف: فجر جودة علوان
الموضوع العام: علم الاجتماع
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علم الاجتماع
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد الاسرة من اهم الجماعات الانسانية التي يرجع اهتمام الفلاسفة والمفكرين والباحثين بمختلف شؤونها واحوالها لعصور موغلة في القدم، وذلك لاهمية هذه الوحدة الانسانية، وعظم تاثيرها في حياة الفرد والجماعة، وسلامة بنيان المجتمع، فهي الوحدة البنائية الاساسية التي | Family is the most important unit of human society. For that reason, many philosophers, thinkers and researchers pay extra attention over time to study its construction, function, problems and effects on its members.When the family is, stable, coherent, smooth and functional, the whole society will be straight forward, on the other hand, many thinkers and researchers believe that problems of modern societies, started as a result of family disorder, which leads to value contradiction and dysfunction.It seems to be natural that the family faces many problems especially in the new nuclear families, as both part of the family (male and female) came from different socio - economic backgrounds, and each of them try to assess the power of the other in order to control each other or having the upper hand over the partner. The power struggle may take place not only because of the desirability of control, but also as a result of daily life pressures through general communications with the milieu of work, friendship and reference groups.The religious background, the family income, education and type of family they live in, may all contributed to create unforeseen problems and effect each member of the family. Beside this, the type of socialisation the partners may have had during their childhood may have a significant affect, as some families raised their children in smooth, and democratic way while others raise them in patriarchal or authoritarian way. Each way of socialisation plays fundamental role in the family stability and functionality. Levels of educational differences like the socialisation differences could have significant effects on the relationship between partners, for instance someone hold a PhD degree, may find it very harsh to live with a partner that can hardly read or write, there would be no common ground to share, they may think in different perspectives, looking to their life from different angles, and that may make their life hell. Nevertheless, if the family faces fundamental obstacles to carry on its life, which is, as we said earlier, seems to be natural, it should have some sharing values that enables its members to coordinate, cooperate and integrate in many ways. Despite all that and from the heart of the problems and the harmony, the family should have the basis for continuity and progress. Thus, in so far, thinkers and researchers can not imagine utopian family void of problems, for that reason “Angles” proclaimed that there is no human family on earth void of problems, and even if it happened it would be temporary and soon will be back to normal. The problems do not necessary undermine the family function or construction unless the problems takes a chronic conflict that could undermine the relationship and poison the normal intimate relations among partners.The current study proved empirically, that the power sharing with in the family could significantly help the stabilization of the family. Although the power sharing depends on the partner’s awareness, the type of family, its income, kinship relations, and the degree of urbanization and industrialization. This study also proved that the entrance of women to the labour market, provide women with additional leverage to fight for their status; the income she gained and the contribution to the family expenses with the new roles she did outside the family domain, gave her extra power inside the family, but such power remained limited because it collides with the traditional value system who provided men with the ultimate power. Accordingly, women still do the same traditional activities despite the power gained, such as cleaning, cooking, rearing children and looking after males in the family (husband, father, brother etc.).Iraqi women, after all, gain some power but they have no confidence to revel this over the social play, in order to have full power.
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التطرف في الثقافة العراقية : دراسة انثروبولوجية في منطقة بغداد الجديدة == Extremism In Iraqi Culture : An Anthropological Study In Baghdad Al Jadeedah District

اسم المؤلف: ايوب نوري صبيح ابو رغيف
اسم المشرف: احمد عبد الرضا محمد الحسني
الموضوع العام: علم الاجتماع
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يعد التطرف من الموضوعات الشائكة والمعقدة التي تحتوي الكثير من الجدل والنقاش وتحديدا فيما يتعلق بمفهومه والمعيار الذي يعتمد في تحديد دلالاته فالذي يراه البعض تطرفا يختلف معه الاخر في ذلك وهذا الاختلاف نابع من الاعتقاد والتصور لكل منهما للمفهوم ذاته، وعل | Extremism is one of the controversial and complicated issues particularly arising from its concepts and the standards followed in defining it, since what some consider extreme is controversial to some others; this difference arise from their conceptualization and understanding of the concept itself. However, the general and common definition of the concept is that it is the inclination to take an opinion or action to the extremes. This formed the germ of the study with all its dialectics which are : the Iraqi culture is formed of variable orientations, practices, and extreme ideas about the other. I sought the solution practically by personal examination of one of Baghdad districts carrying all the questions the most important of which is "What is extremism?", "What do people say about it?", "How do they practice it?" , and "What are the social and cultural changes that contributed to motivating and shaping extremism and its manifestations?".The study aims at uncovering the roots, manifestations, and forms of extremism in the Iraqi culture utilizing different tools, approaches, and scientific techniques in the field work of the anthropological research. The study followed the erudite approach or the (auto - conceptualization), believing that it comprehends and collects the tools and techniques of all other approaches. The study includes three main perspectives : the religious, political, and social perspective, resulting in a group of recommendations and findings : 1 - The Iraqi culture is stifled, restrained, and imposing its own beliefs directly or indirectly; it is dialectic and argumentative to a great extent stemming from deeply rooted in still unresolved historical matters, which are manifested as religious, political, and social practices which were solidified in this culture to dominate it. 2 - Extremism is of positive and negative implications. The positive enforces the sense of togetherness within the extremist groups strengthening bonds among them. The negative side is shown in the conflicts and disputes with the "other".The research recommends the following : 1 - The necessity of focusing on the culture of communication and keeping away from classical techniques. Using modern techniques like holding conferences and seminars will help raise the awareness of people. 2 - Religious institutions should practices its power in directing people's awareness. They must issue clear instructions (Fatawa) condemning the practices that are forbidden by religion.
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دور المرجعية الدينية في الحراك الاجتماعي : دراسة اجتماعية ميدانية == The Role Of The Religious Authority In The Social Mobility : A Social Field Study

اسم المؤلف: احمد خضير حسين عيال
اسم المشرف: لاهاي عبد الحسين الدعمي
الموضوع العام: علم الاجتماع
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: علم الاجتماع
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف هذه الدراسة معرفة دور المرجعية الدينية في الحراك الاجتماعي داخل المجتمع العراقي والاليات او التوجهات التي استخدمتها لاحداث الحراك الاجتماعي, فضلا عن اوجه التاثير لاحداث الحراك الاجتماعي على الصعيد السياسي والاقتصادي والقيمي, ومدى فاعلية المرجعية ال | The study aims at identifying the role of the re1jgYou$'~. ority in th~ soc~al mobil.ity within ~he Iraqi society. and t~~ - ~~trams/s or onentat10ns that 1t used to brmg about the social mob1ht - yftas, ~f; - l ~s the effects to produce the socialmobilityat the political, economic and moral levels, in addition to the effectiveness of the religious authority in dealing with the political, economic and social issues in the Iraqi society. Thus, the stu.dy is trying to answer a number of questions, the most important of ; which are : How did the religious authority contribute to the reinforcement and support of the political participation? Has it influenced the direction and management of social conditions? How effective is its influence in presenting social, political and economic issues in the Iraqi society? The current study obtains its scientific and social importance through the role played by the religious authority in the social mobility within the Iraqi society in an attempt to change the reality or contribute to it with its intellectual orientations which in tum contributed to being the main actor in changing the events. This study also acquires importancedue to the fact that the religious authority is an important religious institution whose significance is represented by the foreign migration to it, either for therequest for knowledge, livelihood or blessing, and this migration has benefits in the religious,cultural and social arena. The theories of Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Pitirim Sorokin represented an illustrative conceptual framework for the study. It also aims to identify the effectiveness of religious authority in dealing with political, social and economic issues in the Iraqi society.The current study is a field study in which the social survey method was used to achieve the study objectives and answer its questions. The study reached a number of results the most important of which are as follows : 1 - Elections are one of the main points in the religious authority's project being the only reference that determines the fate of the Iraqi people and the fate of those who have the right to receive power and administer the country. Thus the religious authority favored a democracy based on the direct popular voting, asserting that it is the best way to remove the occupation, let alone its clear expression that Iraq's governance is not by a national or sectarian majority rather by a political majority formed by the elections.2 - The religious authority was keen to write a worldly permanent constitution for Iraq, that is to say, it is enacted through a peopleelected body, under which the parliamentary elections were held on '15 December 2005, which brought about thecurrent parliament.3 - The role of the religious authority in Najafemerges in the times of crises and major historical transformations, so it plays the role of the guide, director and advisor.4 - Although the role of the religious authority was honorable in saving the Iraqi blood and fighting the sectarian strife, yet there was a lack of awareness among some segments of the Iraqi society, and this was clear when some did not commit themselves to thedirectives of the supreme religious authority. 5 - The religious authority plays a major role in preserving the unity of the social fabric and promoting the values of love, social cohesion and cohesion among the various segments of the Iraqi society.6 - The interest of the religious authority in the educational sectors reflects the extent of its keenness on the importance of these institutions in enhancing the cultural and educational aspect in the minds of individuals.7 - - The clear speech of the religious authority which reflects the bad reality of Iraq, witnessed throughout the last stage, emerged due to the worsening of the crisis among the political forces and the spread of corruption that hit all state institutions, as well as theprivileges and special positions granted to senior officials in the Iraqi state. Therefore, it sought through its speech to achieve the political and judicial reform and distance all institutions of all kinds of partisan and politicization directing the government totake serious steps in the process of real reform and ach~~ social Justice.
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اراء سيبويه في (البحر المحيط) : دراسة نحوية == Sibawayh's Syntactic Views In Al - Bahr Al - Muhit : An Analytic Study

اسم المؤلف: محمد منير اسماعيل علوان
اسم المشرف: حميد عبد الحمزة عبيد الفتلي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The present paper discusses the syntactic views concerning one of the most eminent scholars of Arabic language who lived in the second Hegira century; Ab? Bishr ?Amr ibn ?Uthm?n ibn Qanbar known as Sibawayh (Died in 180 A.H). The views are those found in al - Bahr al - Muhit (The Encompassing Ocean) of the commentator Abu Hayyan al - Nahwi (Died in 745 A.H). Al - Nahwi was an eminent scholar in Arabic language and Quran sciences. He wrote many classifications, among which is al - Bahr al - Muhit, which is adopted by commentators and grammarians from that period till present days. It contained many syntactic issues that were not tackled in classifications of such interest. It included the views of many former grammarians. Hence, this study is a record of the development of some syntactic views and continuity of the other views. The study discussed more than seventy syntactic views of Sibawayh which were mentioned by Abi Hayyan in his book. This paper could be the first step in the studying the views of grammarians who followed Sibawayh and who influenced this commentary. Therefore, the study is important for researchers who are interested in this field. The paper includes an introduction and four chapters. The introduction discusses the significance of the study which discusses the methodology adopted by ibn Hayyan in his commentary and former researches in this field. Chapter one, which is entitled Nominative Nouns and Converters, is of two sections. Section one includes nominative nouns; 1 - subject and predicate and 2 - subject of a verbal sentence. The second section discusses convertors; 1 - Kana and sisters and 2 - Inna and sisters. Chapter two is entitled (Inflected and Uninflected Nouns and Verbs). It also is comprised of two sections, section one discusses inflected verbs and the second discusses uninflected nouns and verbs. Chapter three discusses objects and appositives. It is comprised of two sections; the first discusses objects and semi objects, the second discusses appositives.Chapter four is entitled (Genitives and particles). It is composed of two sections; the first is about genitives and the second is about particles. The study ends up with a conclusion included the outcomes of the study, followed by the resources list and an abstract in English

التصوير الموسيقي في الشعر الاندلسي عصر ملوك الطوائف والمرابطين == The Imagery Musical In The Al - Andalusian Poetry : Era Of Al - Tawaif And Al - Moravid Kings

اسم المؤلف: محمد عادل جاسم حمادي
اسم المشرف: نصيرة احمد حمزة الشمري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت تلك الدراسة مجموعة الدواوين الشعرية المحققة في عصر ملوك الطوائف والمرابطين , والتي حظيت باهتمام الباحثين في جميع المجالات الادبية والنقدية , ما اعطانا حافزا لدراسة الجوانب الموسيقية التي لم يسلط الضوء عليها سابقا. الفصل الاول : درسنا فيه التصوير | Chapter one discusses musical imagery.In this chapter there are three sections : Section one : assimilation imagerySection two : metaphorical imagerySection three : metonymy imagery The researcher in this chapter discusses the relation between rhetorical imagery and music : was the poet successful in relating rhetorical imagery to music ? Are there discrepancies among poets in the extent of drawing such a relation or not ? ln chapter two , the researcher studies poetic and musical structure. This chapter is of two sections : section one is about poetic functions ,which are eulogy , elegy , love , wine , description , pride , and lampoon. Taking into consideration the different views of critics and prosody specialists , the relationship between meter and poetic functions , verification of authenticity of such views within analysis , and was the poet successful in relating meter and poetic function with musical imagery structure or not , were also discussed in this section. Section two is about the structure of Andalusian terza rima. the functions here were ; eulogy ,elegy , wine ,nature , and love. ln this section the relation between meter and poetic functions , within the structure of poetic imagery concerning Andalusian terza rima was discussed. Chapter three discusses the features of prosodic structure. lt is comprised of two sections. Section one studies external music , including two functions ; meter and rhythm. Section two is about internal music. ln this section , the researcher deals with repetition , paronomasia , relating second hemistich to the first , concord , inlay ,and rotation. these arts have vital prosodic importance in the contribution of the structure of the musical imagery. The conclusion included the outcomes of the study followed by references

دراسة الرواية العربية ونقدها في رسائل الماجستير في اقسام اللغة العربية بجامعة بغداد 2004 - 2013م == A Study Of The Arabic Novel And Its Criticism In The M.A. Theses In The Departments Of Arabic Of The Univeristy Of Baghdad 2004 - 2013

اسم المؤلف: زهراء جاسم كاظم جاسم
اسم المشرف: نجم عبد الله كاظم الدايني
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The critical and academic studies demonstrated a great interest in the Arabic novel and exerted much efforts in the search, analysis and follow up of its different types, elements, artistic techniques, and narrative structure, that's why we proposed that our study be centered on the academic studies that focused on the Arabic novel through the search and analysis depending on criticizing the criticism. Our concern was limited to the M.A. theses in the department of Arabic in the University of Baghdad in the time period (2004 - 2013). The study has been divided into three chapters and twenty theses discussing in their content different concepts of the novel have been investigated. The study starts with a preface having three axes. The first has to do with literature, and the literary genres, and the second is related to the novel, criticizing and illustrating the stages the novel passed through since its rise until we received it the way it is and as has been studied in the thesis. The third axis contained an introduction of criticizing criticism, its concept and essentials. The first chapter (studying the contents and the subjects) has been divided into three sections introduced by a preliminary section clarifying the importance of the contents for the realistic novel in specific and for the novel in general. The study, in the first section, deals with subjects related to the (city and the society) dealt with by most of the university theses. The second section, on the other hand, dealt with the subjects related to (the exile, and the diaspora) after being considered by the academic researcher a phenomenon that pervade the Arabic novel in general, and the Iraqi novel in specific as a result of the wars and the policies of the governing regimes. The third section was dedicated to the (hero and the human models) that has a vital and fundamental role in the society and its social issues including the class, cultural and moral disparity The second chapter (studying the artistic structure) started with an introduction clarifying the importance of the narrative form in the structure of the novel. This chapter has been divided into two sections, the first one was dedicated to studying the artistic elements of the novel (time, place and character). The second section was concerned with studying the artistic techniques of the novel such as (ways of introducing the characters, a description and a dialogue) according to what the M.A. theses have addressed. The third chapter, on the other hand, (the viewpoint and the narrative structure) has an introduction clarifying the importance of the narrative structure and the importance of the narration. The chapter has been divided into three sections. The first section is related to the (narrative structure elements) including the narrator, the narrated, and a narrated to. The second section, in its turn, is related to (viewpoint and the narrative types) while the third section dealt with the (narrative structure) and what it implies of language, style, and structure arrangements. The research has ended with a number of findings listed in its conclusion.

التقنيات السردية في روايات سعد سعيد == Narration Techniques In Saad Saeed's Novels

اسم المؤلف: احمد حميد فرحان ساجت
اسم المشرف: حيدر فاضل عباس
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Criticism represents the world of exploration, identification and solutions if any. I, myself, have a personal interest in modern literature, especially, novelistic criticism. This has led the present study to choose narration techniques used in Saad Saeed's novels as its subject of investigation. Saeed's novels have been under - researched and are worthy of scholarly investigation from a structural perspective. This study explores the techniques and tools upon which Saeed's novels are built as well as the artistic development of his novels. The study has three chapters with an introduction which introduces the notion of narration in relation to its inception and development, the nature of narration and a biography of the novelist under investigation. Chapter one deals with narrative construction, divided into three sections, namely, narrative patterns, storyteller and story told and vision. Chapter two is concerned with narrative layout, divided into three sections, namely, time, place and continuance. Chapter three presents narrative components, divided into three sections, namely, incident, dialogue and description. It is ended with a concluding section. At the end of this study, the main narration techniques with their different types are identified, the way of critical analysis from a structural perspective is clarified, and the six novels of Saad Saeed are thoroughly investigated and covered. Through the structural perspective, one can find out how criticism can be based on logical and analytical bases far away from a general view, novels can be seen as a complete construction with multiple tools and techniques, besides the success of novel can be contrasted and analyzed compared to others

التقييم الهيدروجيومورفولوجي لحوض وادي قرين السماد واثاره البيئية == HYDRO - GEOMORPHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF QAREEN AS - SAMAAD BASIN : ITS ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

اسم المؤلف: محمد حسن علي حمميد الجبوري
اسم المشرف: عبد الله صبار عبود العجيلي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يرمي البحث الى دراسة التقييم الهيدروجيومورفولوجي لحوض وادي (قرين السماد) الذي يقع في القسم الجنوبي الغربي متداخلا بين محافظة النجف والسماوة والقادسية ضمن المنطقة الصحراوية ، اذ يحتل الحوض مساحة بلغت (552,98كم2).تم دراسة خصائص الجغرافية الطبيعية في الحوض المتمثلة بالتكوينات الجيولوجية والتضاريس والمناخ والتربة والنبات الطبيعي ، وسير العمليات الجيومورفولوجية في المنطقة ، وخصائص الشبكة النهرية والاشكال الارضية الناتجة عنها، وتصنيف وتقيم الاراضي في منطقة الدراسة .وقد تباين تاثير هذه العوامل في جيومورفولوجية وخصائص الحوض ، اذ تنكشف في منطقة الدراسة تكوينات الزمن الثلاثي وترسبات الزمن الرباعي ، تمثلت تكوينات الزمن الثلاثي بتكوين (الدمام والغار والفرات) وهي تكوينات جيرية ، اما ترسبات الزمن الرباعي فاشتملت على ترسبات (المنخفضات المملوءة) ، وقد تاثرت هذه الترسبات بالحركات الارضية التي تركزت بصماتها بشكل فوالق وطيات اتخذ اغلبها اتجاه شمال شرق - جنوب غرب. ، كما تناول البحث دراسة الحالة المناخية واثرها في سير العمليات الجيومورفولوجية ، فضلا عن دراسة التربة والنبات الطبيعي واثرهما في تشكيل مظاهر سطح الارض .كما تم دراسة سير العمليات الجيومورفولوجية في منطقة الدراسة واثرها في تشكيل الاشكال الارضية فمنها العمليات التركيبية التي تؤثر في اتجاهات شبكة الصرف المائي ولاسيما تحكم الطبيعة الصخرية في تكوين بعض الاشكال الارضية ، ويتناول البحث دراسة العمليات المورفوتكتونية والمورفومناخية (تجوية ، وتعرية ، وترسيب) ، كما تم التعرف على خصائص الشبكة النهرية والمتمثلة بالخصائص المساحية والشكلية والخصائص التضاريسية والخصائص المورفومترية لشبكة حوض الصرف المائي ، والتعرف على اشكال الصرف النهري. وهيدرولوجيا ظهر عن طريق الموازنة المائية ان المنطقة تعاني عجزا مائيا في تسعة اشهر من السنة من شهر (اذار الى تشرين الثاني) ، اما في اشهر (كانون الاول ، كانون الثاني وشباط) فيحدث فيها فائضا مائيا اذ بلغ مجموع الفائض المائي (7,149) ، (10,786) ، (3,921) في محطة النجف و(13,811) ، (10,716) ، (7,814) في محطة السماوة. وتم استعمال معادلة (SCS - CN) لتقدير حجم الجريان الذي يعتمد على نوعية التربة للحوض ونفاذيتها ، وقد صنفت انواع الغطاءات الارضية للحوض لحساب قيم CN والتي تشير الى ان معدل قيمة CN للحوض الكلي بلغت (82,830) وهي قيمة عالية تدل على قلة نفاذية الحوض ، اذ ترتفع في مناطق الرواسب الخشنة المفككة والتربة الجرداء وتقل في غطاءات المناطق الزراعية ومناطق الاعشاب ذات الحالة الضعيفة ، بينما سجلت قيمة عمق الجريان السطحي للحوض الكلي (4,222ملم/ثا) ، هيدروجيولوجيا هناك مكمنين رئيسين للمياه الجوفية الاول في تكوين الدمام وينقسم هذا المكمن على قسمين رئيسين يفصل بينهما طبقة صماء (Impermeable bed) مكونة من المارل (Marl) ، وصخور كلسية ضعيفة النفاذية تقع على عمق يتراوح بين (20 - 30م) اذ تفصل بينهما طبقة صماء احدهما للمياه العالقة والاخر المكمن الجوفي ، اما المكمن الثاني فهو في تكوين الفرات ويعد الاول اهم مصدر للمياه الجوفية في المنطقة . وتعد عملية تصنيف الارضي خطوة اساسية لتقييم وتخطيط استعمالات الارض والمقارنة بين البدائل في اختيار الاستعمال الامثل والمستدام للارض بهدف تحقيق التنمية والتنمية المستدامة وذلك لما لها من اهمية في وضع السياسات والقوانين التي تنظم استعمال الارض وتحد من سوء استعمالهما كما تعد اداة معلوماتية مهمة في معظم اعمال التخطيط وادارة الموارد الطبيعية ، ويقصد بها ايضا تصنيف علمي لسطح الارض الى عدة وحدات ارضية التي تستند الى التشابه او الاختلاف مثل (البناء الصخري والتحليل التضاريسي والجيومورفولوجي وسمات المنحدرات والمناخ ونظام الصرف النهري وانواع نسجة التربة ونبات الطبيعي) . وتم دراسة الخصائص النوعية لعينات محددة من مياه الحوض لمعرفة مدى صلاحيتها للاستعمالات الامنة ، كما تم تحديد العمليات الجيومورفولوجية والاشكال الناتجة عنها منها العمليات المورفوتكتونية والمورفومناخية وعمليات التعرية والتجوية والاذابة والعمليات التي تعود الى فعل الكائنات الحية ، ونتيجة التفاعل بين تلك العوامل والعمليات والاشكال الارضية الناتجة عنها تم الكشف عن امكانية استغلال الموارد الطبيعية لحوض وادي قرين السماد والتي تمثلت بالموارد المعدنية والانشائية ومياه الابار والعيون ومدى صلاحية المياه للصناعة والانتاج الزراعي ، ومن ثم اختتمت الدراسة بجملة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات ، ثم ثبت المراجع العربية والانكليزية ومستخلص باللغة الانكليزية. | The dissertation studies the hydro - geomorphologic assessment of (Qareen As - Samaad) basin which lays in south - east of Iraq within the desert among the governorates of Najaf, Muthanna and Qadissiyah. It is about 552.98 Km2.In the paper, features of the natural geography in the basin, which is represented by geographical formations, topographic relief, climate and natural plants, were studied.The effect of these factors on the basin's geomorphology and characteristics varied. The study area shows trilateral time formations and quadruple time sediments. Trilateral time formations were represented by the formation of (Ad - Dammam, Al - Ghar, and Euphrates), which are calcareous, whereas quadruple time sediments were those of the (Filled nether lands). The SCS Curve Number method was used to determine the approximate amount of runoff which depends on the basin's soil type and infiltration. The basin's land cover types were classified according to the curve number method which showed that the total average of the basin was (82.830), which is high. It reflects the fact that the basin's infiltration was low. The basin's total depth of surface runoff was (4.222 Mm/s).Land classification process is a main step to assess and plan the uses of land and comparison among alternatives for the choice of the perfect and perennial use in order to achieve development and sustainable development. Qualitative characteristics of specific samples from the basin's water were studied to find their validity of safe use. Geomorphologic processes and their types, such as Morphotectonic , Morphoclimatic , corrosion, weathering, dissolution, besides other processes made by animates, were studied. The study sums up with some conclusions and suggestions, followed by resources both in Arabic and English, as well as an Abstract in English

موقع تل الذهب في ضوء التنقيبات الاثرية == Tell Al - Thahab Site In The Light of The Archaeological Excavations

اسم المؤلف: علي احمد عبد اللطيف التميمي
اسم المشرف: قصي صبحي عباس الجميلي
الموضوع العام: علم الاثار
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاثار القديمة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: 1. The study shows that Tel Al - Thahab is one of the important archaeological sites that settled in the Diyala river basin along with the Asmar and Khafaji and Ashjala Hills sites and afford those sites of important cultural signs. Tel Al - Thahab was also associated culturally with Hamrin Basin sites including Tel Selima and Tel Halawa and yalki and this is shown by Architecture remains and archaeological finds through the clear resemblance.2. The excavations at the site resulted in finding three periods of civilization chronologically with the emergence of one of the period of the Early Dynastic period, Akkadian period and old Babylonian period, and it shows through the five Layers, and most likely that the site has passed early settling before Early Dynastic period due to the presence of remnants of building materials and rubble buried floors, but the emergence of underground water has prevented the completion of exploration and study of the remains.3. No clay tablets or written signs were discovered in Tel Al - Thahab to help the researcher to know the name of the settlement as it took the current name from the neighboring residents.4. The Architecture remains at the site showed that it was in a form of residential settlement in terms of the presence of the remains of habitation houses separated by narrow alleys, and what a variety of architecture features those houses carry, as well as the presence of kilns, stoves, docks, small warehouses, tombs that were buried under the floors of houses rooms.5. The remains of building lasted four layers level detected by excavations, The study of the archaeological site describes the clear similarities in the housing of the fifth layers houses in their first and the second floors, which dated back to the period of the Early Dynastic period which is the most likely date back to the period of the of the second and third Early Dynastic period in terms of the use of plano - convex bricks, which commonly its use a lot in this period compared with architecture plans that appeared in other sites. We note some variables in the house plan me within the first floor from the house plan in the second floor and indicate structural renovations at the site.6. The Akkadian House in the fourth layer shows the clear Architecture transfer from house plan for in the fifth layer, and notes that the constructor has chosen another place a little far from the former houses of the fifth layer, and the house took a different plan that gives the impression of architecture period in respect to house plans like the magnitude of the walls and the use of square shape bricks.7. The dwellings in the second and third layers of the site, which in turn go back to the old Babylonian period, had took another shape of planning and general details of the house, The house has a large front yard surround by several rooms , and we find that the construction of the walls is straight and regular and used special bricks in this e period, This is confirmed by the similarity in the dwellings with other sites back to the same period and artifacts found by the excavations within those houses.8. The study shows that the Tel Al - Thahab is rich with artistic products highlighted by archaeological findings including pottery, pottery plaques, seals, stone and metal materials.9. The pottery ware is a significant product among of the site in terms of the presence of pottery oven with the pottery remains within one of the layers, The shapes and sizes of pottery varied, and goes back to three cultural levels, as we note that the quantity of Early Dynastic period pottery is greater, characterized by large jars size, which were found inside the graves as a burial gift which is very similar to pottery jars uncovered by archaeological excavations in Tel Asmar and Khafaji. The clay color and the degree of burning varied from one jar to another.10. The Production of pottery types continued in Akkadian period. This period singled out close similarity with pottery models from Early Dynastic period, The study indicated the presence of other pottery forms like beautiful pottery pots that carry a variety of artistic inscriptions confirmed by researchers to be dated back to the late Akkadian period. As for the old Babylonian period pottery which has taken its own shape, like the color of clay ,The degree of burn, style pottery ware as well as the overall shape of the pottery jars and were mostly medium - sized, mostly known for the and small base that we find in the Hamrin basin sites.11. Sculptures and pottery plaques indicate that the site widely played an important role in the implementation of art works and this is evident through the great numbers uncovered by archaeological excavations which is most likely manufactured inside the settlement and thus art works are locally made.12. The sculptures and pottery plaques were characterized by abstract and realistic style and reflect the difference in style which intellectual diversity, reflecting the civilization and cultural side represented by the cultural or civilizational levels within the settlement.13. The sculptures and pottery plaques reflected a great deal of the prevailing of life at that time, including the hairstyles and different postures, forms show decorations, clothing, some other symbols life. These art works also reflected concern in animals’ shapes of such as cattle and birds.14. The scene cylinder seals suited the subjects that summed up by every period , The seals included subjects related to ancient myths, some of which represent introduction scenes before gods and others reflect the social aspect and the other represents the state of the conflict between humans and animals and the conflict of animals among themselves.15. The style of sculpture on seals varied from the period to another, Some of them had been carried out in a manner of deep cut, and some other in a shallow cut, The seals varied in type and color of stones they were made of to the characteristic of each period.16. The study shows that the site contained a diverse number of stone artefacts which refer to a possibility that the settlement presented various types sculpture on stone used as a housework , Architecture and other related to decoration.17. The site contained a good number of metal materials which emphasizes the possibility that the inhabitant of the settlement executed technical metal variety includes tools with the home use including pots and cups and some are used in hunting and self - defense like daggers and arrows, and manufactured artworks other belong to decorations. Those different metal works like bronze alloy and others made of copper metal.18. The study shows the site had witnessed a wide commercial activity and cultural openness with the ancient settlements in terms of the similarity of most of the findings with other sites in northern and southern Mesopotamia in particular, The existence of variety of precious stones including carnelir, lapis lazuli which is implemented in the form of cylindrical seals and some are used in the decorations. As well as economic exchanges trade which includes mineral raw materials such as copper, which in turn interfere in the process of manufacturing metal business.
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