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تصميم وتصنيع وتقييم اداء الة حراثة التربة باعماق مختلفة واضافة السماد العضوي واثرها في بعض خصائص التربة وحاصل نبات زهرة الشمس (Helianthus annus L.) == Design, manufacture and evaluate its mechanical performance an implement operating at different plowing depths and adding manure to the soil and studying its effect on some soil properties and yield of sunflower plant (Helianthus annus L.)

اسم المؤلف: مرتضى عبد العظيم عبد النبي الفارس
اسم المشرف: شاكر حنتوش عداي | كوثر عزيز حميد الموسوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التربة والمياه
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: combined agricultural implement was designed and manufactured in agricultural machines and equipment dept., Agriculture College, Basrah University 2015 A.D. the implement plows and disturbs the soil in different depths. The upper soil depth is plowed while the lower depth is disturbed. The implement is laying the manure on the soil surface and then mixed with soil dawn to the lower point of the depth.The implement consists of a frame, two moldboard plows, two subsoilers and three tines for pulverizing the soil and mixing the manure with it. The machine was provided with two - tons tank for manure. The manure is laid on the soil surface and in the furrow bottom which made by the moldboards plow by manure feeding mechanism.The manure broadcasting (feeding) mechanism was evaluated using four rotational speeds (390, 460, 650, and 890) Revs. min - 1, three implement forward speeds 0.20, 0.27, and 0.37 m sec - 1 and two manure feeding opening areas (150 and 300 cm2)( number of opening are three). The results were analyzed using C.R.D. (2 x 3x 4) for three replicates. The highest manure laying amount (94 tons ha - 1) was recorded for highest rotational speeds of feeding mechanism, (840 Rev. min - 1 ) and lowest forward speed (0.20 m sec - 1) and the greatest opening feeding area (300 cm2).The implement performance was evaluated using R.C.B.D. with three replicates,(2 x 3) (MB depth are 2 x subsoil depth are 3). The biological experimental carried out using implement depths of are 40, 50 and 60 cm. The MB depth are M20 = 20 cm and M30 = 30cm and three subsoilers depth S20, S30, S40 with MB depth of 20 cm and S10, S20 and S30 cm with MB depth of 30 cm accordingly, the implement combinations are M20S20, M20S30 and M20S40 and M30S10, M30S20 and M30S30.The draft force requirements, soil disturbed area and pulverization index of the implement were measured while the energy utilization efficiency, the specific energy, the equivalent energy and the pulverization energy efficiency were calculated.The biological experiment were carried out using two manure levels, three implement operating depths, 40, 50, and 60 cm and six soil depth (2 x 6 x 6). The manure levels are zero (OM0) and 45.50 ton ha - 1 (OM1), the implement combinations depths are M20S20, M20S30, M20S40, M30S10, M30S20 and M30S30 and the soil depths (0 - 10)d1, (10 - 20)d2, (20 - 30)d3, (30 - 40)d4, (40 - 50)d5 and (50 - 60)d6 (cm).The soil was plowed and prepared for planting. The chemical fertilizer was added in a single application before planting. The Seeds of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) were sowing on 15/9/2015. The Seeds were irrigated using drip irrigation method. The amount of irrigation was applied according to the basin of evaporation, the amount added is 100% of evaporated amount from the basin with 20% extra amount as soil leaching requirement. The crop was harvested after 90 days of the sowing date.The results showed the following : 1) The draft force requirement, the disturbed area and the EUE increased as the depth of MB increased from 20 to 30 cm. The highest values recorded for prior’s parameter are 20.45 kN, 0.29 m2 and 14.34 m3 MJ - 1 respectively.2) The highest values for the draft force requirement, disturbed area and EUE were recorded for machine depth 60 cm. The values are 36.17 kN, 0.59 m2 and 16.41m3 respectively.3) The soil pulverization index (Pi) increased while the specific energy (SE), equivalent energy (eq. E) and pulverization efficiency (P E) decreased when the operating depth of MB increased from 20 to 30 cm. (Pi) increase from18.80 to 27.09 mm and (S E) decreased from 47.70 to 32.00MJ m - 3, (eq. E) 87.30 to 69.80 MJ m - 3 and (P E) 54.70 to 45.90% respectively.4) P.I. increased as the implement depth increased its values are 31.56 and 29.58 mm for treatments M20S40 and M30S30 respectively. SE increased also, and its values are 61.00 and 67.70 kJ.m - 3 while eq E values decreased and its values are 23.53 and 20.84 kJ m - 3 and 38.60 and 30.80% for M20S40 and M30S30 respectively.5) After crop harvesting (end of the season) the moisture content increased to 30.02% for the same treatment but without significant difference with other treatments. The soil moisture content increased with soil depth.6) The manure application increased the total soil porosity, infiltration rate, average of infiltration, while the soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance and ECe decreased with manure application.7) The soil bulk density and the soil total porosity decreased after the plowing operation compared with unplowed soil. After the crop harvesting the soil bulk density increased whereas the soil total porosity decreased, M30S30 treatment recorded the lowest soil bulk density and the highest soil total porosity. The bulk density value is 1.17 Mg m - 3 and the soil total porosity is 55.70%. The soil bulk density decreased while the total porosity increased with soil depth.8) The plowing operation increased MWD compared with unplowed soil. M30S30 gave the highest value of MWD at the end of the crop growing season compared with other treatments. The value of MWD is 0.41 mm. MWD decreased with soil depth.9) The accumulation infiltration and the infiltration rate increased at the end of growth season compared with unplowed soil. M30S30 treatment recorded the highest value for both parameters which they are 423.35 mm and 1.09 m min - 1 at the end of measuring period (240 min) respectively.10) The soil penetration resistance for plowed soil decreased compared with unplowed soil. M30S30 recorded the lowest value (1303 kN m - 2) compared with other treatment. The soil penetration resistance increased with soil depth at the end of growing season.11) The soil Ec of the plowed was lower than that for unplowed soil. M30S30 reduced Ec more than the other treatment. Ec of for M30S30 is 6.77 dS m - 1 Ec of the soil increased with depth at the end of the growing season.12) The plant height, the crop biological yield and seed yield increased considerately for plowed soil treated with manure, compared with plowed soil only. M30S30 gave the highest values for plant height, biological yield and seed yield which they are 143.00 cm, 22.00 ton ha - 1 and 4.02 ton ha - 1 respectively.

مقارنة بعض الصفات الوعية والكيميائية ونمط الترحيل الكهربائي لبروتينات البياض لبيض الاوز المحلي العراقي الابيض والرمادي

اسم المؤلف: كرار سلام عبيد الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: ماجد حسن الاسدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This Study Was Undertaken To Compare Some of Qualitative and Chemical Characteristics and the Electrophoresis of eggs of white and grey Iraqi geese. Birds were bred at private farm( Babel province) For the Period from 1st oct.2016 to 2nd Feb. 2017. A total of 40 females geese aged 2 years (at their second eggs production season) (20 birds white color and 20 birds gray color) were used. Eggs were collected daily from each group. Birds were kept in closed barns with swimming pool in side. The aim of this study was to estimate some qualities and chemical traits of eggs from different group(White and Gray Geese ). Fatty and amino acids were also estimated Electrophoresis of egg white portions was also compared the results revealed the following : 1 - There was a significant increase in means of egg Weight, yolk and egg white of white geese (143.40 , 52.94 and 62.89m respectively) the grey geese egg shell weight was height than that of white geese.2 - There were significant differences in egg shape index and in Haugh unit of grey geese (68.27 and 100.90 respectively) in comparison with those of white geese.3 - Grey geeses eggs showed higher (p≤0.05) moisture percentage (69.10%). However, Yolk white geese egg showed higher protein and fat percentages (16.96, 35.64) % respectively in comparison with those of grey geese eggs (14.19, 32.97) % respectively.4 - pH of eggs white of white geese (9.12) was significantly higher than that of grey geese, whereas, Yolk showed higher cholesterol level (4.42 mg/gm).5 - Unsaturated fatty acids percentage (mono and poly bonds) of egg yolk were high in both group geese (66.11 and 63.78)% whereas, saturated fatty acids percentages of white and grey geese were 32.94 and 32.22% respectively.6 - Egg white of grey geese revealed significantly(p≤0.05) higher percentage of Arginine and alanine of both white and yolk (26.98 and 17.18% respectively). There were no significant differences in amino acids percentages of egg yolk of both groups.7 - There was genetic Poly morphism in albumin and transferrin of White and grey geese eggs proteins. As well as, there was genetic variation in the two proteins of Iraqi geese.

دراسة تشخيصية وبيئية لبعض انواع عائلة الخنافس المائية الغواصة (Insecta : Coleoptera) Family : Dytiscidae وامكانية استخدامها في المقاومة الحيوية في محافظة البصرة == Identification and Ecological study to some Species of water submarine beetles family (Insecta : Coleoptera) Family : Dytiscidae and ability to Use it in Biological Control in Basra Province

اسم المؤلف: فرج عبد الحي علك
اسم المشرف: علاء صبيح جبار | اياد عبد الوهاب عبد القادر
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوقاية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A diagnostic and environmental study of some species of Order : Coleoptera belongs to Fammily : Dytiscidae . The important parts drawn and described for classifying species and put taxonomic key. The impact of environmental conditions in study area showed the presence and spread of species and their role as a larvae predators and pupae on adults mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus and also compete with each other during the study of predation relationship and the statement of the phenomenon of self - predation (Cannabalism) in the same species .The study revealed there is five species belonging to the family of water submarine beetles ( Fam : Dytiscidae) as showed below. 1. Colymbetes piceus (Klug, 1834) Subfamily : Colymbetinae2. Cybister tripunctatus (Oliv., 1785( Subfamily : Cybistrinae3. Hydaticus ponticus (Sharp, 1882) Subfamily : Dytiscinae 4. Hydrovatus clypealis (Sharp, 1876) Subfamily : Hydroporinae 5. Laccophilus minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) Subfamily : LaccophilinaeSpecies C. piceus the body average length 16 - 18 mm and head is black with brown base ,the front dorsal plate brownblack and yellow from both sides but C. tripunctatus that its length is larger than 24 - 29 mm and a sleek sheath does not contain sexual engraving, but H. ponticus body length of 10 - 15 mm, head umber is brown to yellowish and the front back plate is yellow which has provided black strap at the base. The species H. clypealis that its length is larger than 2 - 3 mm , that the body convex oval broad, wrist consists of four pieces in the first and second pair of legs, but L. minutus that its length is larger than 4.1 - 5.7 mm , characterized that a front base (Pronotum) zigzagging back, sheath has a reticular lines..The study of annual presence to family Dytiscidae is started between November 2015 until the end of October 2016. Results showed that theBhighest rate of the species was in the H. ponticus reaching 5.78 insect / month, and the lowest rate 0.13 insect / type of species C. tripunctatus . Alemdaina station recorded the highest rate of the presence of the species, reaching 3.25 insect / month whereas Qurna Station was lowest rate reaching 1.87 insect / month. The results showed that the highest rate of the presence of the species during the months was in the November at a rate of 4.41 insect / month, while the least insect rate was 0.96 / month for the month of July.The study included the impact of certain environmental conditions and the presence of which degrees air temperature, water, dissolved oxygen, pH and water salinity in the five main stations in the districts of the Basrah province which are Qurna , Almdaina , Shatt al - Arab , Abo - Alkaseeb and the city center of Basrah province.The study recorded the highest temperature of air and water for the month of July was 43.23 º C and 32.58 º C, respectively, while the lowest was 17.07 ºC and 18.80 º C, respectively, for the month of January. The results showed a higher rate of oxygen dissolved in the Shatt al - Arab and amounted to 5.50 mg / l while the lowest rate was in the center of the Basrah province and reached 5.25 mg / l. The study indicated that pH values were close to all stations and characterized a light alkali where rates between 7.44 - 8.16 in all the stations as well it was observed that the highest salinity rates were in Abu - Alkaseeb station reached 7.01 ds m - 1 while less than the rate of 5.04 ds m - 1 for the station of Almdaina.The study found the results of the most important linear relationships and correlation treatments between the population density of the species and attributes measured the highest correlation coefficients were between the presence of species through the expense of numerical density are full with water temperatures and salinity during the months of the year, amountingCto - 0.84 and - 0.79 respectively, while the influence of dissolved oxygen and pH was less than it before as they relate reached coefficient as 0.67 and 0.55 respectively.The results of the biocontrol on the larvae and pupae mosquitoes is superior kind Cybister tripunctatus on the rest of the studied species was predation rate on larvae 35.22 larvae / day and the pupae 29.78 pupae / day, while the lowest rate was 1.56 larvae / day and 1.33 pupae / day for the type Hydrovatus clypealis.Predation experiments between species recorded outweigh species Cybister tripunctatus The highest predation rate on the species Hydrovatus clypealis reached 3 insect / day on the second day, while the lowest rate of predation was the species Colymbetes piceus reaching 0.55 insect / day on the third day, while Cannibalism experiments It scored higher predation rate for members of a species Laccophilus minutus reached 0.72 insect / day, while not recorded any case of a self - devouring type Cybister tripunctatus.

تاثير الرش بالجبرلين والمنغنيز في نمو وحاصل ونسبة البروتين لمحصول الماش Vigna radiata L. == Effect of spraying by Gibberellin and manganese on growth yield and quality of mung bean(Vigna radiata L).

اسم المؤلف: علاء صبري فضالة الازيرجاوي
اسم المشرف: كريم حنون محسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - المحاصيل الحقلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Field experiment executed during 2016 autumn season in farmers' fields in the AL - Aufia district southwest of Missan province ( about 3 km from city center) in Silty loam soil. The objective of the study was to know the effect of sprayed of gibberellin and manganese on growth, yield and protein percentage of Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.).The experiment executed in split - plot in (R.C.B.D) design with three replicates, main plot were include three gibberellin concentration ( 0 , 100and200 mg GA3wq L - 1) , While sub plot were include three concentration of manganese (0, 50and100mg Mn L - 1) the local variety of Mung bean was used, the experiment include 27 experimental units, area of each units(3×3)m.The stude include following characteristics : Number of days from planting to maturity ,plant height(cm), number of leaves(leaf plant - 1), number of branches, leaf area(cm2), leaf area index, number of pod plant - 1, number of seed pod - 1, weight of 100 seed(gm), total seed yield(kg ha - 1), percentage and protein yield in seeds(%).The result of the study showed the following : 1 - gibberellin sprayed with concentration 200 mg l1 - caused significant increasing in most of growth characteristics of mung bean (plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area,), and most of yield characteristics (number of pod in plant, number of seed in pod ,total seed yield 865.70 kg ha - 1, percentage and protein yield in seeds ,and sprayed of gibberellin non - significant on weight100seed.2 - Sprayed of manganese with 100 mg L - 1 concentration modify total studied characteristics and gave highest average plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, leaf area index, number of pod in plant, number of seed in pod , total seed yield 898.76 kg ha - 1, percentage and protein yield in seeds.3 - Results also showed a significant Interaction between gibberellin and manganese, the combination of (200 mg GA3 L - 1×100mg Mn L - 1) gave the highest seed yield 1002.66 kg ha - 1 and protein Yield 268.86 Kg ha - 1,the increase of total seed Yield due to most of growth characterists and Yield components.

مقارنة القيمة الغذائية لاسماك الكارب الشائع Cyprinus carpio L. من مصادر مختلفة == Comparison of nutritional value of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. from different sources

اسم المؤلف: عطور عبد الكريم طاهر العطبي
اسم المشرف: امجد كاظم رسن | صلاح مهدي نجم
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2017
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The current study was carried out during the period from December 2015 and June 2016 to assess the chemical composition, fatty and amino acids and the total bacterial count of the muscular tissue from the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. in Basrah city which were cached from Shatt Al - Arab river at Abul - Khasib, obtained from earthen ponds at the University of Basrah, fish cages in Shatt Al - Arab river at Al - Hartha district and those imported from Iran Republic which were available in the domestic markets of Basrah city.The results of the study were statistically analyzed using CRD design applying SPSS statistical package ver. 17 on 50 fish from each source with 3 replicates per sample and the studied factors were tested using RLSD test at 0.05 probability level.The results of the statistical analysis indicated no significant differences (p>0.05) in moisture content between Shatt Al - Arab samples, imported samples, iced pond fish and iced cage fish. No significant differences (p>0.05) were detected also between fish from ponds and cages. Significant differences (p<0.05) were detected between fresh fish from ponds and cages with fresh and iced fish from Shatt Al - Arab or imported fish. The highest moisture content of fresh fish was 78.2% in Shatt Al - Arab samples while the lowest 70.8% was in fresh cage fish. The highest moisture content in iced fish 79.4% was in imported samples while the lowest 74.1% was in cage fish. As for ash content, the statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between imported fish and other fish samples. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed also between fresh pond fish and other samples.However, no more significant differences (p>0.05) were detected between other fish samples. The highest ash content in fresh fish 2.29% was in pond fish and the lowest 0.98% in imported fish. Similarly, the highest ash content in iced samples 1.45% was in pond fish and the lowest 0.87% in imported samples. The statistical analysis of fat contents demonstrated significant differences (p<0.05) between Shatt Al - Arab fresh and iced samples and other samples. Fat content in pond fish was in line with those in iced cage and iced imported fish but significantly (p<0.05) differ from those in fresh pond and imported fish while no such differences were shown between pond and imported fish. The highest fat content in fresh fish 11.9% was in imported fish and the lowest 3.43% in Shatt Al - Arab fish. Similarly, the highest fat content of iced fish 9.99% was in imported fish and the lowest 3.17% in Shatt Al - Arab fish. The statistical analysis showed that protein contents in fresh fish from Shatt Al - Arab, ponds and cages were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in imported fish while protein contents in fresh and iced imported fish were significantly (p<0.05) lower than it in other fish. The highest protein content in fresh fish 18.71% was in pond fish and the lowest 10.05% in imported fish. Similarly, the highest protein content in iced fish 16.96% was in pond fish and the lowest 9.98% in imported fish. The statistical analysis showed that the caloric values of fresh and iced fish from Shatt Al - Arab were significantly (p<0.05) lower than other fish except for iced pond and imported fish. Additionally, no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in caloric values between pond, iced cage and imported fish while pond and Shatt Al - Arab fishes only showed significant differences (p<0.05) in comparison with other samples. The highest caloric value for fresh fish 165.62 Kcal/100 g in cage fish and the lowest 98.5 Kcal/100 g in Shatt Al - Arab fish. On the other hand, the highest caloric value for iced fish 148.4 Kcal/100 g was in cage fish and the lowest 93.9 Kcal/100 g in Shatt Al - Arab fish.The fatty acids was assessed in the laboratories of The College of Agriculture, University of Basrah by using GC - MS QP210 Ultra , SHIMADZU, JAPAN equipped with capillary column DB - MS 5 with static phase (5% phenyl, 95% methyl polysiloxane) and ultra - high purity Helium 99.9%. The fatty acid analysis for the muscular tissue of fish indicated high levels of oleic ،palmitic ،stearic ،stearic ،docosahexaenoic acid in comparison with lower levels of myristoleic ،eicosadienoic ،dihomo - gamma - linolenic and pentadecyclic acids. The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between both fresh and iced samples from the different fish sources. However, significant differences (p<0.05) were detected between imported fish and fresh and iced fish from ponds and cages. Additionally, no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between fresh and iced imported samples with both fresh and iced pond fish while fresh and iced cage fish differed significantly (p<0.05) from fresh pond samples.Amino acids were assessed by using HPLC system with ion exchange and Ninhydrin post column derivation in Shimadzu Spd - 6 Av uv - Visible detector. The analysis of amino acids in fish muscular tissue demonstrated high levels of Aspartic ،Serine ،Glutamic،Alanine and Glycine and low levels of Cystine ،Tryptophan ،Isoleucine ،Methionine،Histidine ،Threonine and Tyrosine. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences between fresh and iced Shatt Al - Arab samples with fresh and iced imported fish. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed also between fresh and iced pond fish with fresh and iced cage fish. On the other hand, significant differences (p<0.05) were found between fresh and iced Shatt Al - Arab fish with fresh and iced imported samples. Additionally, another significant differences were detected between fresh and iced pond fish with fresh and cage fish.As for the total bacterial count, the statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between all fresh and iced fish samples. The highest level in fresh fish 7.6 x 103 cfu/g was observed in Shatt Al - Arab fish while the lowest level 2.0 x 103 cfu/g in imported fish. In comparison, the highest level in iced fish 7.44 x 107 cfu/g was also in Shatt Al - Arab fish but the lowest level 5.72 x 107 cfu/g in cage fish.

اســتـخـلاص السـكريات المـتــعددة مـــــن الطــحــلــب الاخضر Cladophora sp. وتوصيفها واســــتعمالها في اقراص اللحم البقري == Extraction and Characterization of Green Algae Cladophora sp. Polysaccharide and use it in Beef Patties

اسم المؤلف: سـهام ولـيـد عـلك الامارة
اسم المشرف: ام البشر حميد جابر الموسوي | روضة محمود العلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة استخلاص السكريات المتعددة من الطحالب، اذ تــــــــــــــم جــــــــــــمع عـــــــــــــينات مـــــــــــــن الطحالب الخضراء من مياه شط العرب ضمن منطقة كرمة علي في البصرة وبعد التنظيف والتنقية والتجفيف تم تشخيصهواتبين انها تعود الى جنسCladophora sp. ، درس تركيبها الكيميائي على اساس الوزن الجاف من الرطوبة والرماد والبروتين والدهن والكاربوهيدرات اذ بلغت نسبة الرطوبة 4.16% والرماد 29.78% والبروتين 16.10% والدهن %1.25 والكاربوهيدرات %48.71. وتم استخلاص السكريات المتعددة من الطحالب بواسطة كاربونات الصوديوم Na2CO3، وقدر محتواها من السكريات الكلية اذ بلغت 78.4%. كذلك درس تاثير ظروف الاستخلاص على حاصل السكريات المتعددة شملت نسبة خلط المادة الاولية : المذيب (غم/ مل) اذ استعملت اربع نسب 7 : 1و9 : 1 و1 : 12 و15 : 1 حيث اعطت نسبة 9 : 1 اعلى حاصل واقل نسبة حاصل كانت %2.3بنسبة خلط 15 : 1. استعملت درجات حرارة (60 و80 و100) م حيث اعطت درجة حرارة 80 م اعلى نسبة حاصل %7.53، اما اقل نسبة حاصل فكان عند درجـــــــــــــــــة حرارة 100 م %2.09. درس تاثير مدة الاستخلاص واستعملت مدد زمنية (2 و4 و6) ساعة اذ اعطت مدة 2و4 ساعة نسبة حاصل 6.95 و%7.60، بينما اعطت مدة استخلاص 6 ساعات نسبة حاصل%3.40 وهي الاقل، ودرس تاثير الرقم الهيدروجيني حيث اعطى الرقــــــــم الـــــــــــــهيدروجيني 2 اعلى حاصل وهو 7.49مقارنة مع 4 و6 حيث كانت نسبتي الحاصل 2.33 و1.92% على التوالي. من خلال دراسة الظروف اعلاه تبين النتائج ان افضل نسبة حاصل تم الحصول عليها عند الاستخلاص بكاربونات الصوديوم بنسبة خلط 9 : 1 وبدرجة حرارة 80 م لمدة 4 ساعات وعند رقم هيدروجيني2. درست الخصائص الفيزيوكيميائية للسكريات المتعددة المستخلصة من الطحالب وكانت النتائج كالاتي : - 1 - اظهرت نتائج اللزوجة النسبية للسكريات المتعددة المستخلصة من الطحالب ان اللزوجة تزداد بزيادة التركيز وتقل بزيادة درجة الحرارة حيث كانت اعلى قيمة للزوجة بدرجة حرارة 30 م (11.0020) واقل قيمة للزوجة النسبية (8.0576) عند درجة حرارة 50 م وكانت لزوجة السكريات المتعددة المستخلصة اقل من لزوجة الجينات الصوديوم القياسية.2 - لوحظ ان قابلية السكريات المتعددة المستخلصة لامتصاص الماء وربط الدهن تزداد بزيادة التركيز وكانت مقاربة لقابلية الجينات الصوديوم القياسية. - كانت النسبة المئوية لذوبان السكريات المتعددة المستخلصة 69.72% وهي اعلى من ذوبان الجينات الصوديوم القياسية والبالغة 65.68%. 4 - اظهرت النتائج انخفاض قابلية السكريات المتعددة على تكوين الرغوة.5 - قدر الوزن الجزيئي للسكريات المتعددة المستخلصة بقياس لزوجة السكريات المتعددة المستخلصة من الطحالب اذ تم تقدير اللزوجة الحقيقية لاستخراج الوزن الجزيئي الذي بلغ 875.26 كيلو دالتون. تم دراسة التحلل الوزني الحراري للسكريات المتعددة المستخلصة وكان الفقدان بحدود7% والمتبقي93% عند درجة حرارة 515.27 م.6 - اختبرت السمية الخلوية للسكريات المتعددة المستخلصة من الطحالب اتجاه كريات الدم الحمر للانسان واظهرت النتائج عدم سميتها لكافة التراكيز المستعملة ولمدد الحضن 10 و30 و60 دقيقة.7 - تم ادخال السكريات المتعددة المستخلصة والجينات الصوديوم القياسية في اقراص اللحم البقري وبنسب 0.2 و0.4 و0.6% وخزن بالتبريد بدرجة حرارة 4 م ولمدد زمنية1 و4 و7 يوم.8 - درست الصفات الفيزيائية لاقراص اللحم البقري اظهرت النتائج ارتفاعا معنويا p<0.05)) في قـــــــيم قابلية حمل الماء لاقراص اللــحم المعاملة بالــــــــــــــسكريات الـــــــــــــــــمتعددة (المعاملة المحضرة) والجينات الصوديوم (المعاملة القياسية) مقارنة بالعينة الضابطة. بينت النتائج ان الرقم الهيدروجيني في اقراص اللحم يزداد معنويا بتقدم مدة الحفظ بالتبريد ولوحظ انخفاض نسبة الفقد في الوزن اثناء الطبخ وارتفاع نسبة حاصل الطبخ في اقراص اللحم البقري المعاملة بالسكريات المتعددة والجينات الصوديوم القياسية مقارنة بالعينة الضابطة. 9 - درست الصفات الحسية لاقراص اللحم والتي شملت اللون والنكهة والطراوة والعصيرية والقبول العام وقد اظهرت بعضها اختلافا معنويا((p<0.05 خلال مدة الحفظ بالتبريد ولم يظهر البعض الاخر اختلافا معنويا فالنسبة لدرجات تقييم اللون لاقراص اللحم المفروم لم تتاثر معنويا عند معاملة اقراص اللحم بالسكريات المتعددة المحضرة والجينات الصوديوم القياسية، اما درجات تـقييم صفـــــــــــــــــة النـــــــــــكهة لاقراص اللحــــــــــم فقد تاثرت معنويا p<0.05)) عند المعاملة بالسكريات المتعددة المحضرة والجينات الصوديوم القياسية مقارنة بالعينة الضابطة. | The study included extraction of polysaccharides from algae. The green algae was collected from Shatt Alarab water in Karmat Ali in Basrah, the green algae was purified and it is Cladophora sp. Polysaccharides was extracted by sodium carbonate Na2CO3. It̓s chemical composition including moisture, ash, protein, fat , carbohydrate and total saccharides was studied and it was moisture 4.16%, ash 29.78%, protein 16.10% at 1.25%, carbohydrate 48.71% and total sharrides 78.4%. The effect of extract conditions on polysaccharides yield were also studied included mixing percentage 1 : 7, 1 : 9, 1 : 12 and 1 : 15 and 1 : 9 exhibited the highest yield (7.48%) and the lowest yield (3.2%) when we use 1 : 15. The extraction was carried on different temperature 60°C, 80°C and100°C the highest yield was 7.53% when extraction on 80°C .The effect of the time of extraction in 2 hrs, 4hrs so the yield was 6.95% and 7.60% for 2 and 4 hrs respectively, the highest yield was 7.49% when extraction on pH 2. The results showed that the best yield was when the extraction on 1 : 9 and 80 °C for 4hrs and pH 2. The physiochemical properties for polysaccharides wer studied and the result showed the relative viscosity was increased with the increase of concentration and decrease with the increase of temperature the highest viscosity was 11.0020 in 30°C and the lowest was 8.0576 in 50 °C. The ability of polysaccharides for water absorbtion and fat binding was noticed that it was increased with the increased of concentration, the percentage of polysaccharides solubility was 69.72%, and it was higher than sodium alginate (65.68%). The results also showed decrease of foaming of polysaccharides because of it̕s high viscosity. The molecular weight of polysaccharides was 875.26 Kdal, the Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was 7% for loss and the residue was 93%. The test of cytotoxicity was appaired that the polysaccharides was no toxic in all concentration and for all incubation periods 10, 30 and 60 min. The extracted polysaccharides and sodium alginate were used in beef patties for 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% and storage for 1, 4 and 7 days, the results showed that there were significant increased (p<0.05) in water holding capacity in all treatments comparing with control and pH increased during storage periode and also noticed that cooking loss was decreased and increased in cooking yield for beef patties treated with polysaccharides and sodium alginate comparing with control. The results showed that addition of extracted polysaccharides and sodium alginate to beef patties improved sensory properties (color, falvor, tenderness, juicness and overal acceptability) during storage periode compared with control.

معالجة مياه الصرف الصناعي لمعمل الاسمدة في المنطقة الجنوبية واعادة استعماها لري نبات الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Mill == Industrial wastewater treatment of fertilizer factory south region and reuse for tomato irrigation( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

اسم المؤلف: سماح رسول جويد العكيلي
اسم المشرف: محمد عبد الله عبد الكريم | نجلة جبر محمد الاميري
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التربة والمياه
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using the effluent originated from fertilizers factory/ south region, Basrah province for tomato irrigation. Effluent samples were collected from urea unite line, ammonia unite lion, and collection basin at nine periods during 3\9\2015 to 5\8\2016. Tap water was used as control water. Three types of filters were used to enhance the characteristics of water collected from the fertilizers factory which are Rice Husk Ash filter, sand filter and Rice Husk Ash + sand filter(75 : 25). chemical characteristics (EC, PH, Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, Cl - , SO4 - - , total hardness, NO3 - , NH4+, urea) were obtained before and after filtration then Removal efficiency (%) was calculated. Basin on above experiment, a pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of fertilizers industry effluents on chemical parameters of soil and its impact on growth parameters of the tomato plant. Each pot was prepared by filling loamy sand soil 10 kg collected from a farm nearby the factory. All the pots were fertilized by manure, phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was applied an equivalent of 0, 50% and 100% of recommended level (300 kg N ha - 1). Tomato seedlings (hybride Newton F1) were transplanted in the pots. The pots were irrigated with above fertilizer industry effluents or tap water after the seedlings standing in the pots. After 90 days, soil and plant samples were collected to measure EC, pH, NO3 - in soil, NH4+ in soil, plant height, shoot dry weight, N concentration,number of flowers plant - 1 and number of fruits plant - 1.The results showed that there was a significant changes among sample periods in all water characteristics. The highest removal efficiency of urea, NH4+, NO3 - , cations and anions were recorded by using Rice Husk Ash filter, while the lowest efficiency were recorded by using sand filter. Data alsoBshowed that chemical parameters (EC, NH4+ and NO3 - ) of soil were differed by different filter used and follow the order : control (without filtration) < sand filter < Rice Husk Ash + sand filter < Rice Husk Ash filter. This result was reflected on plant growth parameters (plant high, shoot dry weight, N concentration ,number of flowers plant - 1 and number of fruits plant - 1) and follow the order : Rice Husk Ash + sand filter < Rice Husk Ash filter < sand filter < control. However soil pH was not affected at different filters used. Increasing the level of nitrogen significantly increased EC, NH4+ and NO3 - in soil and decreased soil PH resulted in increased plant parameters. Soil chemical parameters and plant growth parameters were differed by different source of fertilizers industry effluents and follow : ammonia line < urea line < collection basin < tap water. Data also revealed that tomato plant irrigated with water of ammonia line and filtered through Rice Husk Ash + sand filter showed best growth parameters as compared with other plants with higher shoot dry weight of 11.69 g plant - 1. The pot experiment suggested the possibility to using the water of ammonia line which filtered through Rice Husk Ash + sand filter with 50% of nitrogen recommended level to enhance tomato growth and it would save costs on fertilizer and reduction in pollution load of soil and water.

تقييم كفاءة مستحضر احيائي للفطر Trichoderma viride والاسمدة العضوية في مكافحة مرضي الذبول الفيوزارمي وتبقع الاوراق في الطماطا

اسم المؤلف: زهراء عبد اللطيف جاسم العقبي
اسم المشرف: ضياء سالم علي الوائلي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الامراض
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة في قسم وقاية النبات - كلية الزراعة - جامعة البصرة وقد هدفت الدراسة الى تقييم كفاءة المستحضر الاحيائي للفطر Trichoderma viride والاسمدة العضوية في مكافحة مرض الذبول الفيوزارمي المتسبب عن الفطر Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici ومرض تبقع الاوراق المتسبب عن الفطر Alternaria alternata اللذين يصيبان نبات الطماطا ، والكشف عن بعض المركبات الفعالة التي ينتجها المعاملات المختلفة باستخدام جهاز GC - mass . اوضحت نتائج اختبار كفاءة المستحضر الاحيائي للفطر T.viride ضد الفطرين الممرضين F.o.f.sp. lycopersici وA.alternata في المختبر ان نسبة التثبيط 53.01 قد بلغت 62.65 و65.47 % على التوالي . بينت نتائج تطبيق المستحضر الاحيائيT.viride والاسمدة العضوية في مكافحة الفطر F.o. f.sp. lycopersici في الاصص ان اقل شدة اصابة كانت في المعاملة المستحضر الاحيائي وسماد الابقار المخمر M1Tv اذ بلغت 0% مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة البالغة 80.33 % , وكان اعلى ارتفاع للنباتات في المعاملة M1Tv اذ بلغ 77 سم مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة البالغة 47.33 سم وكذلك سجلت المعاملة ذاتها اعلى وزن طري للمجموع الخضري اذ بلغت 67 غم مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة البالغة 28.50غم ، وسجلت اعلى انتاجية للنبات اذ بلغ معدل الانتاج فيها 160.25غم مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة البالغة 34.14غم . اظهرت نتائج التجربة الحقلية ان اقل شدة اصابة بالفطرين F.o.fsp lycopersici وA.alternata كانت في المعاملة M1Tv اذ بلغت 6.25 و9.33 % مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة البالغة 85.71 و51.67 % على التوالي . وكان اعلى ارتفاع للنبات في المعاملة M1Tv واذ بلغ 89.84 سم مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة البالغة 58.67 سم . سجلت المعاملة M1Tv اعلى وزن طري للمجموع الخضري 212.17 غم مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة 53.67 غم وكذلك سجلت اعلى معدل انتاجية اذ بلغ 592.63 غم مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة 211.37 غم . تم استخدام تقنية GC - mass للكشف عن المركبات في المعاملات المستخدمة في التجربة وقد وجد ان المعاملة M1Tv انفردت باحتواءها على المادة 4 - Cloro - 3 - hexyltrahydro - 2H - pyran في حين وجدت المادتين 1,5,9 - Cyclododecanetriol وpropanol 1 2 - Cyclohexyl - في كل من المعاملة M1Tv ومعاملة المستحضر الاحيائي فقط Tv . ويعتقد ان لهذه المواد دور فعال في تقليل نسبة الاصابة وتحسين مؤشرات النمو والانتاجية لنبات الطماطا

استخدام جين الميتوكوندريا COI في تمييز انواع لحوم مختلفة من الحيوانات اعتمادا على تقانة PCR - RFLP == The use of mitochondrial gene COI in Identifying different animal types of meat based on PCR - RFLP technique

اسم المؤلف: زهراء رياض محمود الموسوي
اسم المشرف: اسعد يحيى عايد
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبر د. طالب احمد جايد للوراثة الجزيئية في قسم الانتاج الحيواني التابع لكلية الزراعة في جامعة البصرة. اذ جمعت عينات اللحوم الطازجة والمعلبة من الابقار والجاموس والاغنام والماعز والدجاج والديك الرومي، بشكل عشوائي، من مناطق مختلفة في محافظة البصرة بالاضافة الى عينات من دم الجمال. واجريت هذه الدارسة للتعرف على لحوم الانواع الحيوانية المختلفة (عدا الجمال) ومن هنا تاتي اهمية الاعتماد على كشف الانواع من خلال استهداف الحامض النووي الرايبوزي منقوص الاوكسجين DNA عبر تطبيق تقانة PCR - RFLP. تم استخلاص الحامض النووي منقوص الاوكسجين DNA من نسيج اللحوم 0.2) غم) والدم باستعمال عدة استخلاص الدنا (Invitrogen). اما فيما يتعلق بنقاوة عينات DNA المستعملة في الدراسة فقد قيست اعتمادا على الطول الموجي 260 - 280، حيث تركيز DNA 1.8 - 2.0 نانوغرام.استخدم تفاعل البلمرة التسلسلي PCRلتضخيم جزء من المورثة الميتوكونديرية mt COI DNA باستعمال بادئ عام، ولتحديد هوية الانواع استخدمت تقانة التمييز على اساس تعدد طرز اطوال قطع التقييد PCR - RFLP من خلال استخدام اربعة انزيمات قطع محددة( Hpa II وAva II وRsa Iو Taq I ) والتي تقطع وفقا لتتالي تسلسل DNA الخاص بكل نوع.  ويمكن تلخيص نتائج هذه الدراسة بما ياتي : 1 - اعطى منتج التضخيم لجين COI الحزمة 710 زوجا قاعديا ولجميع الانواع كونه بادئ عام.2 - ميز انزيم TaqIالماعز حيث انتج الحزمة 650زوجا قاعديا كذلك الجمال اذ انتج حزمتين بحجم 303و 403ازواج قاعدي بينما لم يميز بين لحوم الجاموس والابقار والدجاج والديك الرومي بسبب حصولهما على الحزمة 637 زوجا قاعديا عند الهضم في حين لم يتم الحصول على حزم من لحوم الاغنام. 3 - تمكن انزيم HpaII من توليد ملف تعريفي خاص لتمييز انواع اللحوم جميعا على حدة اذ انتج الحزمة 480في الابقار و520 في الجاموس و372 - 336في الاغنام و300 - 410 في الماعز و333 - 234 في الدجاج و533 - 177 في الديك الرومي و130 246 - 213 - زوجا قاعديا في الجمال.4 - انتج انزيم Rsa I انماطا مميزة لجميع الانواع عدا الماعز والدجاج، اذ انتج منتج هضم كل من الاغنام 300 - 350والجمال130 - 580والابقار153 - 193 - 337 والجاموس600 والديك الرومي 214 - 481زوجا قاعديا.5 - انتج انزيم Ava II حزمتين للجمال 224 - 485وحزمة واحدة للاغنام بحجم650 وحزمة بحجم 600 زوجا قاعديا للجاموس. | This study was conducted in the Laboratory of Dr.Talib Ahmed Jaayid Molecular Genetics, Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Basra. Cow, buffalo, sheep, goat ,chicken, turkey meat (fresh or canned) & camels blood samples are randomly collected from different areas of Basra province. The aim of this study is to identify the animal species from their meat except camels by targeting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) through PCR - RFLP technique. DNA is extracted from the tissue of meat (0.2)g and blood using kit (invitrogen). With regard to the purity of DNA sample used in this study it has been measured depending on wave length of 260 - 280 and 1.8 - 2.0 ng DNA concentration.Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the part of the mitochondrial gene (mt COI DNA) by universal primers and to identify the species origin PCR - RFLP technique applied through the use of four restriction enzymes (Ava II, Rsa I, Taq I, Hpa II) that cut according to the following bases of each type of DNA. The results of the current study can be summarize as follows : 1 - PCR product gives the fragment 710 bp in all species for being a universal primers.2 - TaqI enzyme distinguish goats with a fragment of (650) bp, (303 - 403) bp in camels. While it doesn’t distinguish between buffaloes , cow, chicken , turkey meat. As they obtain the same fragment (637) bp when digestion. Whereas, no fragments are obtained from Sheep meat.3 - The enzyme HpaII enables to generate a special file definitions to distinguish all types of meat separately if they yield the fragment of (480) bp in cow, (520) bp in buffaloes, (300 - 410) bp in sheep, (336 - 372) bp in goats, (234 - 333)bp in chicken, (533 - 177) bp in Turkey and (130 - 213 - 246) bp in camels. 4 - Rsa I enzyme generates patterns characteristic for all species except goats and chickens. Whereas, fragments are obtained in sheep (300 - 350) bp, cow (135 - 193 - 337) bp, buffaloes (600) bp, turkey (214 - 481) bp & (130 - 580) bp in camels.5 - AvaII enzyme generates two fragments in buffaloes (600) bp, (224 - 485) bp in camels and (650) bp in Sheep meat

تاثير الرش بالحديد والتسميد الارضي بالبوتاسيوم في نمو وحاصل حنطة الخبز Triticum aestivum L == Effect of Iron foliar applications and Potassium ground Fertilizer on Growth and Yields of bread Wheat Triticum aestivum L.)

اسم المؤلف: رونق منصور جازع العلوي
اسم المشرف: كريم حنون محسن | بهاء الدين محمد محسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - المحاصيل الحقلية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: A field experiment was conducted during The winter season of 2015 at farmer in Al - Dear district, Alshenana (65 km north of Basra) in a loamy clay soil in order to study the effect of foliar nutrition by iron and potassium fertilization on growth and yield quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) The treatment were the spray of iron in three concentrations (0,40,80 mg Fe L - 1) which were (Fe0, Fe1, Fe2) and four levels of potassium fertilizer (0, 20, 40,60 kg K ha - 1) which were (K0, K1, K2, K3). The statistical system was split plot design in randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) in three replications the main plot was Fe and the sub plot was potassium. The cultivar that was used Bohooth 22 and the total experimental units were 36.The result showed the Increase Fe concentrations caused increased period from culture to 75% flowering, plant height, number of tillers, flag leaf area and length of spike. Also, crop content increased and the increase of bio yield and biological yield where the high concentration of Fe produced grain yield 5.86 tons/ha.Potassium fertilizer increased plant height, number of the tillers, flag leaf area and spike length. The high levels of potassium increased yield content which intern increased bio and biological yield. The high level of potassium increased grain yields to 7.01 tons /ha. The interaction between the high Fe and potassium level gave significant effect on most characteristic, the (Fe2k3) caused high grain yield, biological yield content which were 7.17 tons /ha, 13.70 tons /ha.

تاثير اضافة الموننسين في معامل الهضم ومعايير الكرش والصفات الانتاجية للحملان العرابية == Effect of Adding Monensin on Digestion coefficient , Rumen Parameters and Productive Traits and of Arabi Lambs

اسم المؤلف: رشيد حميد عبد الله العايدي
اسم المشرف: عماد فلاح حسن الجاسم | هناء علي جبار الغالبي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study was undertaken in the Field of Animal of the Faculty of Agriculture in Basra University for the period from 1/11/2015 to 10/2/2016. The study included the growth and digestion experiments. The digestion trail included 12 Arabi lambs ranging in age between 5 - 6 months with a mean weight 21 kg were randomly divided into three groups of four animals for each treatment. Ration submitted on the basis of the 3% of body weight, their quantities to be modified on the basis of the new weight of each group every two weeks. .Ration was provided twice daily, in the morning at 8 a.m. and in the evening at 4 pm. Amount of feed and the remaining was calculated daily for the purpose of calculating the amount of feed consumption. At the beginning of the experiment lambs were introduced for adaptation period of 10 days and then weighed, the registration of primary weight as initial weight. The first studied ration was considered as control (without any addition). The second ration was control added to monensin by 100 mg/kg. The third ration was control added to monensin by 200 mg/kg. The results obtained can be summarized as follows : 1 - Final weight was significantly affected by adding monensin with the superiority of the second treatment when adding monensin at a level of 100 mg/kg dry material which were recorded a 33.36 kg, while those of the first and the third groups, which registered 28.61 and 29.20 kg respectively. As for the overall growth rate second treatment exceeded (11.33 kg) significantly (P<0.05) first and third groups (4.75 and 6.01 Kg respectively).2 - The largest amount of feed consumption on the basis of dry matter was shown by second group (65.24 kg), followed by the control,Bwhich reached 60.37 kg. Feed consumption declined (P<0.05) with anincrease in the proportion of monensin until it reached a value of 56.25 kg showed by third treatment, which differed significantly (P<0.05) from the first treatment (control) and second treatment.3 - The best feed conversion efficiency of the diet recorded by the lambs of second treatment (6.97 kg dry matter consumed/ kg weight gain) which was mathematically less than that of control group (12.71 kg dry matter consumed/ kg weight gain), while it differed significantly from that of the third treatment (9.36 kg dry matter consumed/ kg weight gain).4 - The superiority (P<0.05) of the digestion rate of dry matter of the third treatment lambs (66.25 %) in comparison with those of second and first groups (58.52 and 57.02% respectively). While there was a significant fall (P<0.05) in protein digestibility (32.59%) of the third treatment in comparison with 51.27 and 56.15% of the first and second group respectively. There were no significant differences in the average digestibility of fat fibers of the three treatments.5 - A significant fall (P<0.05) in the value of the pH of rumen fluid of lambs received 200 mg monensin/kg dry matter which stood at 6.15 compared with the control group and the second group which reached 6.46 and 6.50 respectively.6 - The lack of significant differences in the number of total bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria of lambs in all treatments regardless of the level of the monensin.7 - Significant decrease in methane and ammonia concentrations in rumen fluid due to adding 100 and 200 mg of monensin (15.19, 14.86 and 12.19 l methane/day and 103.30, 92.75 and 89.45 mg ammonia/l for control, 100 and 200 mg monensin respectively).8 - The lack of significant differences in the mean value of blood glucose, total protein, cholesterol and triglycerides of different treatments.9 - The existence of significant differences (P<0.05) between the second treatment and the others in the average hot carcass weight (17.26 kg) in comparison with 13.12 and 15.29 kg of the first and third treatment respectively.10 - The superiority of thigh and loin cuts weight (P<0.05) of the 2nd treatment (5800, 2136.6 gm) over the mean of control and 3rd treatment (4550.0 and 4630 gm of thigh and 1476.6 and 1735.0 gm of loin respectively).11 - There were no significant differences in the mean of internal organs weight and heart, kidney, pelvic and abdominal fat weights among all treatments, 12 - Significant differences were exist in the mean of carcass length and chest depth of lambs of 3rd treatment (73.0 cm and 26.33 cm) in comparison with those of second and control group (66.33, 61.33 cm carcass length and 25.75, 21.00 cm chest depth).

تحضير بعض المستخلصات النباتية وتشخيص مركباتها الفعالة ودراسة تاثيرها على الصفات النوعية لاقراص اللحم البقري المخزنة بالتبريد والتجميد == Preparation of Some Plant Extracts and Identification of it¸s Active Compounds and Study the Effect on Quality Characteristics of Beef Patties During Refrigerated and Frozen Storage

اسم المؤلف: رسل علي عدنان العذاري
اسم المشرف: البشر حميد جابر الموسوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الزراعة
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: الاغذية
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة البصرة
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: البصرة
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة تحضير مستخلصات مائية وكحولية لكل من الزنجبيل Zingiber officinale والفلفل الاسود Piper nigrum والقرفة Cinnamomum verum والقرنفل Eugenia caryophyllata والكركم Curcuma longa ثم تم دراسة فعاليتها المضادة للاكسدة والقوة الاختزالية واقتناص بيروكسيد الهيدروجين وقابليتها على ربط ايون الحديدوز، اذ اعطت المستخلصات المائية فعالية مضادة للاكسدة اعلى مقارنة من المستخلصات الكحولية عدا القرنفل لذلك تم تشخيص المركبات الفعالة في هذه المستخلصات بواسطة جهاز كروماتوغرافيا الغاز المتصل بمطياف الكتلة ((GC - MS Sepctrometry Mass/ Gas Chromatography ادخلت المستخلصات المائية بتراكيز 0.05% و0.1% و0.15% في اقراص اللحم البقري وخزنت بالتبريد ( 4±1) م لمدة 12 يوما تم خلالها متابعة الصفات الكيميائية التي شملت قيمة البيروكسيد وحامض الثايوباربتيورك ونسبة الاحماض الدهنية الحرة والصفات الفيزيائية التي شملت قابلية حمل الماء والرقم الهيدروجيني، ونسب صبغة المايوغلوبين والاوكسي مايوغلوبين والميتامايوغلوبين للمدد 0 و4 و8 و12 يوما وقد اعطى تركيز 0.15% افضل النتائج لذلك تم ادخاله في اقراص اللحم المفروم وخزنت بالتجميد لمدة 100 يوم وثم متابعة التغيرات الكيميائية والفيزيائية المذكورة اعلاه للمدد 1 و10 و40 و60 و80 و100 يوم وقد كانت نتائج الدراسة كالاتي : 1 - احتوت المستخلصات المحضرة على عدد من المركبات الفعالة التي تفاوتت نسبها بحسب نوع المستخلص، فقد احتوى مستخلص الزنجبيل على مركب Gingerol بنسبة 60.47% وـمـــــــــــــــــــــركب Piperine بنسبة 57.25% في الفلفل الاسود ومركب Cinnamic acid بنسبة54.54% في القرفة ومركب Caryophllene بنسبة 25.81% في القرنفل ومركب 3 - Decen - 5 - one بنسبة 14.50% في الكركم.2 - اعطت مستخلصات الزنجبيل والفلفل الاسود والقرفة والقرنفل والكركم فعالية مضادة للاكسدة بلغت 84.24% و56.0% للزنجبيل و83.2% و57.6% للفلفل الاسود و85.3% و59.6% للقرفة و63.2% و88.4% للقرنفل و72.9% و48.0% للكركم والقوة الاختزالية بلغت 88.6% و102.64% للزنجبيل و88.18% و109.77% للفلفل الاسود و113.4% و113.39% للقرفة و81.05% و114.09% للقرنفل و83.7% و102.29% للكركم وربط ايون الحديدوز بلغت 88.5% و71.37% للزنجبيل و93.41% و61.37% للفلفل الاسود و89.65% و63.7% للقرفة و70.8% و94.22% للقرنفل و79.91% و55.3% للكركم واقتناص جذر بيروكسيد الهيدروجين بلغت 88.73% و65.33% للزنجبيل و86.22% و69.76% للفلفل الاسود و90.5% و63.86% للقرفة و56.44% و89.0% للقرنفل و74.81% و52.7% للكركم للمستخلصات المائية والكحولية على التوالي.3 - انخفضت قيم كل من قيمة البيروكسيد(PV) Peroxide Value وحامض الثايوباربتيورك Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) ونسبة الاحماض الدهنية الحرة (FFA) Free Fatty Acids معنويا(P<0.01) في اقراص اللحم المفروم المعامل بالمستخلصات النباتية المحضرة مقارنة بعينة السيطرة وكانت اقل قيم لهذه المؤشرات عند معاملة اقراص اللحم البقري بمستخلص القرفة، اذ بلغت 42.0 ملي مكافئ/كغم و35.0 ملغم مالون الديهايد/كغم و26.0% ثم مستخلص الزنجبيل 47.0 و38.0 و29.0 ثم مستخلص الفلفل الاسود 56.0 و41.0 و30.0 ثم مستخلص الكركم 57.0 و41.0 و32.0 واخيرا مستخلص القرنفل 59.0 و0.46 و37.0 اما في عينة السيطرة فقد بلغت 61.0 و51.0 و41.0 لكل من رقم البيروكسيد وحامض الثايوباربتيورك ونسبة الاحماض الدهنية الحرة على التوالي كما تاثرت هذه المؤشرات معنويا(P<0.01) عند الخزن سواء بالتبريد او التجميد، اذ ارتفعت قيم كل من رقم البيروكسيد وحامض الثايوباربيتيورك ونسبة الاحماض الدهنية الحرة بتقدم مدة الخزن ولكن هذا الارتفاع كان اقل مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة.4 - لوحظ انخفاض معنوي (P<0.01) في قيم الرقم الهيدروجيني لاقراص اللحم البقري المعاملة بالمستخلصات مقارنة بعينة السيطرة ولكنها ارتفعت بتقدم مدة الخزن سواء بالتبريد او التجميد كما لوحظ ارتفاعا معنويا (P<0.01) في قابلية حمل الماء (WHC) Water Holding Capacity لاقراص اللحم المعاملة بالمستخلصات مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة اذ بلغت اعلى WHC عند المعاملة بمستخلص القرفة للتركيز 0.15% 15.1 مل في نهاية مدة الخزن بالتبريد والتجميد. 5 - لوحظ انخفاض معنوي((P<0.01 في تكوين صبغة الميتامايوغلوبين في اقراص اللحم المعاملة بالمستخلصات النباتية مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة وازدادت نسبة الصبغة معنويا(P<0.01) بتقدم مدة الخزن سواء بالتبريد او التجميد ولكن هذه الزيادة كانت واضحة جدا في عينة السيطرة، اذ وصلت بعد 12 يوما من الخزن بالتبريد الى 68.35% و33.%65 بعد 100 يوم من التجميد اما بالنسبة لصبغة المايوغلوبين والاوكسي مايوغلوبين فقد لوحظ ان الانخفاض فيها نسبتيهما كان اقل مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة خلال مدة الخزن بالتبريد والتجميد.6 - اظهرت النتائج ان هناك انخفاضا معنويا(P<0.01) في نسبة الفقد بالوزن اثناء التذويب ونسبة الفقد بالوزن اثناء الطبخ ونسبة الانكماش في اقراص اللحم المعاملة بالمستخلصات النباتية مقارنة مع معاملة السيطرة ولكنها ارتفعت معنويا ((p<0.01 باستمرار مدة الخزن بالتجميد وكان الارتفاع عند المعاملة بالمستخلصات اقل بالمقارنة مع عينة السيطرة كما لوحظ ارتفاع معنوي (P<0.01) في نسبة حاصل الطبخ لاقراص اللحم البقري المعاملة بالمستخلصات مقارنة بمعاملة السيطرة وانخفضت تدريجيا بتقدم مدة الخزن بالتجميد.7 - اظهرت النتائج ان اضافة المستخلصات الى اقراص اللحم البقري ادت الى تحسين صفاتها الحسية التي شملت اللون والنكهة والطراوة والعصيرية والقبول العام مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة ، وقد تفوق مستخلص القرفة في الحفاظ على الصفات الحسية لاقراص اللحم لغاية انتهاء مدة الخزن بالتجميد البالغة 100 يوم. | The study included preparation of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of plants included Zingiber officinale , Piper nigrum ,Cinnamomum verum , Eugenia caryophyllata and Curcuma longa. Antoxidant activity, reducing power chelating ions and scavening hydrogen proxide were assessed. Aqueous extracts were the highest antioxidant activiy comparing with alcoholic extracts except clove. Bioactive compounds of these extracts were identified by Gas Chromatography Mass Sepectrometer GC/MS. Aqueous extracts were used in three concentration 0.05% , 0.1% and 0.15% in beef patties and stored under(4±1)Cº for 12 days and thiobarbituric acid and free fatty acid, Physical properties included water holding capacity, pH , hmyoglobin, oxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin pigments were assessed. Concentration 0.15% was the best their for it used in beef patties and stored in freezing for 100 days during this period the chemical indicators and physical properties were studied. The resultus showed : 1 - All extracts containing many bioactive compounds differented in their percentage. Ginger contained Gingerol , %60.47 Black piper contained Piperine 57.25% , Cinnamon contained Cinnamic acid 54.54% ,Clove contained Caryophllene 25.81% and Turmeric contained 3 - Decen - 5 - one .%14.50 2 - All aqueous and alcoholic extracts exhibited antioxidant activity as following ginger 84.24% , 56.0% , Black piper 83.2% , 57.6% , Cinnamon 85.3% ,59.6%, Clove 63.2% , 88.4% and Turmeric 72.9% , 48.0% , Reducing Power as following ginger 88.6%, 102.64%, Black piper 88.81%, 109.77%, Cinnamon 113.4%, 113.39% , Clove 81.05%, 114.09% , Turmeric 83.7%, 102.29% , Chelating ferrous Ion as following ginger 88.5%, 71.37%, Black piper 93.41%, 61.37%, Cinnamon 89.65%, 63.7%, Clove 70.8% , 94.22%, Turmeric 79.91%, 55.3%, Hydrogen Peroxid Scavenging as folloing ginger 88.73% , 65.33%, Black piper 86.22%, 69.76%, Cinnamon 90.5%, 63.86% , Clove 56.44% , 89.0%, Turmeric 74.81% , 52.70% respectively.3 - Significant decrease (P<0.01) in peroxide value , thiobarbituric acid and free fatty acid percentage in beef patties treated with plant extracts compared with control the results showed that the lowest value was in Cinnamon extract 0.42, 0.35, 0.26% then Ginger extract 0.47 , 0.38 , 0.29 , Black piper 0.56 , 0.47 , 0.30 , Turmeric 0.57 , 0.41 , 0.32% , Clove 0.59 , 0.46 , 0.36% and this indicators increased during refrigerated and frozen storage but this increase was lowest in beef patties treated with plant extract compared with control.4 - Values of pH were significantly (P<0.01) decresed in all treated beef patties compared with control but it incrcased duning the storage periode. The result showed that their is significantly (P<0.01) increased in WHC, cinnamon extract exhibit the highest value in the end of freezing storage. 5 - There is significant decrease (P<0.01) in metmyoglobin formation in beef patties treated with plant extracts compared with control and also noticed thein is decrease in percentage of myoglobin and oxymyoglobin was lower that control during storage.6 - There is asignificant decrese (P<0.01) in pecentages of thawing loss , Cooking loss and shrinkage in treated beef patties compared with control but these percentages increased during storage period in control highest treated patties. Significant increased (P<0.01) in cooking yield for treated beef patties compared with control but decresed during frozen storage.7 - The results showed that addition of plant extracts to the beef patties improved sensory characteristics (Color , Flavor, Tendernees , Juicness and overal acceptability) compared with control and the highest significant effect in improving patties characteristics to the end of frozen storage 100 days was to cinnamon extracts

الاوضاع السياسية في كينيا حتى عام 1963 == The Political Situation In Kenya Until 1963

اسم المؤلف: فائزة شاكر هاشم الياسري
اسم المشرف: حسين جبار شكر البياتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Kenya's political conditions experienced in the relavant period a lot of updates and changes with the search. It didn't begin with aspecific date , but the beginning was from statements and the arrival of colonial powers to the East of African cast. And contributed directly or indirectly in the country's political history , regardless of Whether this negatively or positively and became Kenya and other country East African Harbor. Colonial rivalry between majar powers , this rivalry peaked in the 19th century. However , sharing between thes countries in accordance with the treaties and agreements among themselves to determine the spheres. Of influence and most of these convention and treaties are Treaty of Heligoland became a British protectorate as Kenya under British protection. Announced that state in 1895 to start a new phase in its history. In this period became manged by the British Government in 1905 with the transfer of responsibility to the ministry of colonies arrived in Kenya during this period msny Euro peans , especially the British backed them for settlingand turn it into a colony of whit man began to Kenya in the early 20th century and Overtime these became dominate everything in the country and in particular the political military and administration centres to be salient. Charactevistics in the countryوs political history is the conflict between Europeans and Indians. The Indians has also from foreign elements who came to Kenya with large community and they make up a hub between Europeans and Africans demands was proclaimed by Africans as fair representation in the legislature and his equality with others with respect to land which counted Europeans belong to them and wouldn't let them presence.All these factors contributed to fuelling revolt by Africans in the 1952 until the Government paid to the Declaration of a state emergency in the country. Which lasted until 1960 , despite military revolution failed because the proportion between armanent and military power between the rebels and Government forces pushed the British Government to carry out a new phase called the stage of constitutional reforms which began since 1954 and continued to develop until the countryوs independence in 1963
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شارل الاول ودوره السياسي في انكلترا حتى عام 1649م == Charles The First And His Political Role In England Until 1649

اسم المؤلف: حسين علي كاظم السلطاني
اسم المشرف: نعيم عبد جودة
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
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جعفر محمد نميري ودوره السياسي في السودان حتى عام 2009م == Jaafar Mohammed Numeiri And His Political Role In Sudan Until 2009

اسم المؤلف: دعاء محمد عبد علي الهر
اسم المشرف: حسين جبار شكر البياتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The ruling era of Field Marshal Jaafar Mohammed Nimeiri in Sudan, which lasted sixteen years (1969 - 1985), has left a deep impact in the hearts of the Sudanese people, which was characterized by variables have taken place in the political arena imposed on Nimeiri changed his political leanings, including Hashem Atta coup in 1971, which distanced him from its beginnings of communism, then Nimeiri turned towards the United States of America and capitalism, and finally adopted the Islamic Sharia law and its application in wrong was the tragic consequences of the Sudanese people, it has sowed Nimeiri chaos in Sudan, its policies indiscriminate and unwise, and which were not derived from people with experience, lived up to The Sudan and its people, the result was not in favorof Nimeiri, who surrounded himself with people who were close to his eye, which falsifies his case of the Sudanese people and convey a different picture of what is experienced by the people and which was the cause of the reasons for the vengeance of the people on its leader and deposed in an uprising in 1985.
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المصادر:

تاريخ ملكية الارض في شبه الجزيرة العربية حتى نهاية العصر الاموي 132 هـ/ 749 م == The History Of Land Ownership In The Arabian Peninsula Until The End Of The Umayyad Period

اسم المؤلف: هدى سعيد مهدي الشهرستاني
اسم المشرف: زمان عبيد وناس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study looked at the land ownership history of the Arabian Peninsula since the pre - Islamic era until the end of the Umayyad dynasty in (132 AH / 749 AD), and consisted of four chapters preceded by a preface, followed by a conclusion, and arranged the chapters on the basis of chronological order, talked the geographic boot peninsula Arab influence in the patterns of land ownership, followed by the first chapter, who explained the concept of ownership in the Islamic economic system, And patterns of ownership in the era of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, I wrote in the third chapter in learning new patterns of ownership of the land in the Umayyad period, and discuss the fourth quarter the effects of those patterns on the economic, political and social aspects She studied thesis of land ownership and development patterns, and their impact on the political, economic and social life, as this era known as the emergence of new patterns of land ownership and multiple reasons, including the diversity of the geographical nature of the Arabian Peninsula, And influenced by previous civilizations and regulations left by the Sasanian Empire and the Byzantine Empire, and the study found a collection the results of which are worth reading.
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الشعائر الحسينية في كربلاء المقدسة : دراسة تاريخية في التاسيس والتطورات حتى عام (1958م) == Al - Hussiania Rituals In Holy Karbala As A Historical Study At Its Establishment And Development Until 1958

اسم المؤلف: علي جليل عبد الحسن الفتلاوي
اسم المشرف: علي حمزة سلمان الحسناوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Al - Husseini rituals and decrees are a religious and social phenomenon because of their particularity in the Islamic world , which stands humble to the commemoration of the Imam Hussein (p.b.u.h) , That Embodied all the epics of the injustice and oppression that was afflicting the Islamic nation, Al - Husseini rituals are also one of the main sources of a continued human connection to the case of Ahl Al - bayt (peace be upon them) , A case that cast of tears on history. Al - Husseini rituals shed light on the truth of the eternal struggle between right and wrong , As it forms the identity of the Islamic nation and gives it the true affiliation of the school of islam, So it is an extension of the message of the prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) when he said "Hussein is part of me and I am part of him , May Allah love those who love Hussein It is also a test and a difficult test in terms of reviving it. Where the rituals were subjected to the most restriction and prevention during the periods that preceded the period until 1958 and the positions of the government to them, As well as the Historical events experienced by these processions during this period. Through my study of this subject, the following facts will be very obvious. Al - Husseini rituals , in the city of Karbala for all its forms, are civilizational practices when they compared to the rest of the rituals of non - Muslims , at the same time , the city of Karbala is an incubator of Al - Husseini Rituals in the whole world , Because it has the holy shrines of imam Hussein and his brother AL - Abbas , as it attracted thousands of visitors from around the world , Al - Husseini rituals are Considered as a weapon of the people who have been subjected to colonialism, therefore, these rituals were given more importance and holiness to their ability to expose every unjust and oppressor. At a time when these rituals aimed at a social, political and economic function besides their spiritual function , As it aimed to achieve unity of class and emphasis on the spirit of tolerance between our people and different sects and religions. Al - Husseini rituals have undergone multiple roles, on of which is widening and the other shrinking , depending on the nature of the ruling policy. Many types and practices are inserted to Al - Husseini rituals coming from Islamic countries neighboring Iraq, at a time they weren’t Known such as consider and walking on the embers and hit chains. The process of organization and management of these rituals are managed and organized in coordinated and controlled way be the people without government intervention in that period in the recent periods of the history of contemporary Iraq (1921 - 1958) where the government policy began to intervene partially in term of prevention or allowance sometimes. In fact , Al - Hussieni rituals were not only for the Iraqi Shiites, but they were attended by Muslims from all Iraqis and even non - Muslims. And that these rituals have an honorable position on Arab national issues as well as their position on Iraqi national issues. In conclusion, Karbala has he hearts of the believers for its ancient place and traditions where it remains the Centre of the population of the city and the pivot of their social life. It became a station for the influx of visitors from all over the Islamic world, which was reflected on its social and economic reality, where the city has flourished greatly and this is due to the presence of the holy shrine of Imam Hussein and his brother Al - Abbas (peace be up on them) which have become a sanctuary to the Islamic world.
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مملكة الفرنجة : دراسة في تطور الاوضاع الاقتصادية 768م - 814م == Kingdom Of The Franks (A Study In The Development Of Economic Circumstances ) 768 - 814 AD

اسم المؤلف: علي ابراهيم هادي العبادي
اسم المشرف: محمود شاكر حميد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Medieval Intermediate History (476 - 1458 CE) is one of the most important periods of history in general and of European history in particular. The significance of this term is many. This long historical period of the episode constituted a basis for understanding modern European history and a "natural" continuation of ancient history. Thanx The Outsiders of the Secession of the Professor of the Instigation. After the isolation of the Phoenician Emperor Chaldek III Childric III, who ascended the Francophone throne of the year 743 - 751 AD, the last of the Meroving kings, then Pope Stephen II Stephen E. Bibben) In 751 AD to be the king of the Franks and after Babin the short founder of the Carolingian kingdom with the help and blessing of the Church.After the death of Beben al - Qusair in 768 AD he left two sons (Carluman and Charlemagne). The period of 768 - 814 AD is the duration of the joint rule between the brothers. The division of the kingdom of the Franks between the two brothers, after agreeing with the General Council of the people, (Charlemagne) ruled the southern part of the kingdom, which was in particular the short Pippin, while Carollman ruled the northern section of his uncle Carluman, but the rule of the latter did not last long. "He ruled for only three years and died at the age of 771 the disease.We note that despite the external events that the Kingdom was going through between wars and disturbances, but the French economy was not affected by the Andak because the economy in the Kingdom of the Franks of a different nature, as it is a closed economy depends on self - sufficiency, as well as "agriculture, which is the first activity I rely on The French economy, whether it was agriculture in the royal or religious feudalism. The industrial activity also had its role in the French economy, whether in the monastic or royal fiefdoms, and the internal and external commercial activity which had a great impact on the circulation of the French economy. N the Kingdom of the Franks and the rest of the countries that were bound together with the political interests of the Kingdom of the Franks essentially, came business processes to enhance those relationships, as well as "financial systems and currency, which formed the focus of" essential "in the organization of economic policy in the Kingdom of the Franks.The third chapter was entitled "Trade Policy and Financial Systems in the Kingdom of the Franks 768 - 814 CE". The chapter was divided into two sections. The first topic dealt with internal and external trade in the Kingdom of the Franks, 768 - 814 AD. Trade is the most important element of the strength of the African economy. Agriculture, due to the dimensions formed by this policy of In addition to the strengthening of the internal economy of the Kingdom. This topic also dealt with an important type of trade, which is trade with the Jews, as it produced the way the Franks dealt with the Jews in this field and the extent The political wisdom enjoyed by the Kingdom, represented by its leader, Charlemagne, in exploiting the experience and relations enjoyed by Jewish merchants to provide the market needs of goods and supplies of living. In addition to the study of the importance of transport routes in the process of trade within and outside the Kingdom.The second topic focused on financial systems in the Kingdom of the Franks 768 - 814 AD, the monetary policy of the currency exchange in the Kingdom at that time, and the taxes imposed in the Kingdom of the Franks and their types.The researcher encountered many difficulties, including the difficulty of obtaining sources and decrees related to the subject, especially as our offices lack sources related to the history of the Central European Era, as well as the scarcity of specialists in the study of this area, in addition to the subject of the study is part of the policy of the Kingdom of the Franks despite its importance, but at the same time, studies on this subject are very few. In addition to the conclusion at the end of the research it has provided a list of sources and references foreign, Arab and Arabized. As well as "for supplements and allocated by the researcher to highlight some of the decrees issued by Charlemagne during his power in the kingdom of the Franks, which serves as the documentation procedures of the Authority Carolingian put the direction of the economic side at the time. In the annex maps I would point out that some maps on the subject of study Some of which were not colored images, and what was normal and the reason for this was the date of issuance of these maps, as some of us were able to control them through special devices for mapping, and others could not for the reason mentioned above.In conclusion, I hope that I have succeeded in my study of this subject, which formed an important link in the series of procedures followed by the Kingdom of the Franks during the rule of the Carolingian family, and ask God to reconcile and repay and accept the benefit of business, and thank God the Lord of the Worlds
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المصادر:

عبد الله الطريقي ودوره في السياسة النفطية للمملكة العربية السعودية حتى عام 1962 == Abdullah Al - Tariki And His Role In The Petroleum Politics Of Saudi Arabic Kingdom Unitil 1962

اسم المؤلف: حسين كاظم رحيمة عباس الحسيناوي
اسم المشرف: حسام علي محسن المدامغة
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The struggle around Oil is considered a battle in its true sense that is revealed by the contradictory results for the progress of Arab economy Arabs has accomplished a limited success with other Oil producers in this battle. However , that amount at success , which was very little , was followed by a counterattack from the opposite side that has taken different types of shapes.Without doubt , many studies and researches have dealt with a variety of political and economic aspects for that vital raw material since it is the most important resource of energy. On the other hand , that vital material is considered a crucial resource for economic development and the progress and prosperous of nations. Even though , there has been no academic study that deals with an efficient persona who represents the difficult equation for those companies and exactly in that battle such as Abdullah Al - Turaiky. He was number one in the fifties and early of sixties , the times which had been referred to as the Golden Age in oil manufacturing.This research consists of an introduction four chapters , and appendixes. Chapter one deals with the earlier stages of Al - Turaigs life , his life , and his project of the division of profits and also his participation in Venezuela National confronting 1951. Chapter Two refers to the role of Turaiky in petroleum company and his presence in the crucial conferences. Chapter Three has concentrated on the role of Al - Turaiky in achieving the great accomplishment that is the foundation of OPEC organization. Chapter fore shows the most important mental productions of Al - Turaiky during his work in the ministry and even after that period. Also , this chapter refers to the seminal articles of Al - Turaiky that were focusing on his thinking that leads to the publication of his book entitled (Arabic petroleum : A weapon in the Battle).In the conclusion there will be summary of the results that were reached to by this study.This study has reached the following conclusions : 1 - Al - Turaiky has diagnosed the bad role of the international petroleum companies apon the export countries and their role in shadowing the facts.2 - Al - Turaiky has realized a very important fact that those companies were practicing a political role by imposing their authority on the Arabic States and their attempts to marginalize the Arabic domination. 3 - All the decisions and recommendations that were reached to in the conferences , where Al - Turaiky was present , were similar in its essence , texts , and decisions made for fulfillment.4 - Al - Turaiky had attempts to deduce the lessons from others experiences and make benefit of them such as the Venezuelan experience of the division of profits and also the Iranian experience of nationalization project. 5 - Al - Turaikys belief in the justice of OPEC through its decisions to achieve the required cooperation between the producers and the consumers so that a fair formula of defining the products and price stability will be reached
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ظاهرة ادعاء النبوة والنسب العلوي واثرها في قيام حركات المعارضة في العصر العباسي حتى نهاية القرن الخامس الهجري == The Phenomenon Of Allegation Prophecy And Alwain Relationship And Its Effect In Appearence The Resistence Movement In Abbasian Erra Untill The End Of Fifth Century Of The Hegira

اسم المؤلف: افراح رحيم علي الغالبي
اسم المشرف: محسن راشد طريم الغزي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Phenomenon of allegation prophecy is found in most societies. It is built on the basis of distinguished feature that discriminates one person from others and what is brought by this person to refer that he has the evidance to be a prophet. In most Cases , it depends on magic and then it is believed by their societies. This study tries to limit the liars from the beginning of Abasian Erra untill the end of fifth century of the hegira. There are several reasons which help them such as spread of magic. This is the first side.The second pivot is the phenomenon of ALwain relationship and its effect on the societies. In addition to the branching of ALBait relationship. This sophisticates the matter. This relationship has a number of justifications like the social and spirtual ones.This relationship is used by some persons to achieve their aims and benefits. All those phenomena are canceld by verses of Quran and AL Hadith. Without those two things, there will be difficulty to discover them.The importance of this subject leads to study it and there are other reasons. The important one is the social, Political and economical sides. Since those two phenomena are related to each other and to know more about their effects on common people as well as the few number of studies about this subject. All these are reasons behind studying this subject.This study is divided into four Chapters and each one is subdivided in sections and introduction as well as a number of Conclusions. At the end , there is a list of references.The first Chapter is dealt with the Phenomenon of allegation prophecy before the Abasian era. The second Chapter deals with those persons who claim prophecy in Abasian era and their effects on resistance movements. The third Chapter deals with those who claim their ALwain relationship in Abasia era. The last Chapter deals with the main groups which relate with AL Imamh like AL Ismoiliah and AL Fatimiah state in addition to study AL Mehdawia allegation because it is closely related with prophecy and AL Alwain relationship.It comes up with the Conclusion that all those movements which claim prophecy aims to get more suporters to them and cover them with legitimacy to achieve their goals. They threat the Abasian state. The Power of AL Abaseen at the beginning prevent them from appearence. But the inner differences inside AL Abasain state increase those movements to achieve their special goals.
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زوجات الائمة المعصومين (عليهم السلام) من غير العربيات : دراسة تاريخية == Shia Imams' Non - Arab Wives : A Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: حياة ناصر حسين عليوي الغزي
اسم المشرف: فاضل كاظم صادق العبادي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The reason behind choosing this topic to be the subject matter of this study is to delve into one of Islamic history cases which is shia Imams' marring non - Arab women. This study deserves much focus for its involving many important things of which the reason behind Imams marring non - Arab women is the most important one. The prophet's household Imams are the best representatives of Islamic values of which equality between all human beings and their enjoying rights of marriage to any human being are the most important ones. Marriage is considered the cornerstone of preserving humankind from extinction and maintaining love and stability. In the holy Quran Allah says " And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell in tranquillity with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts) : verily in that are Signs for those who reflect.". The present study falls into three chapters in addition to an introduction and a conclusion. The first chapter tackles marriage in Islam and it involves three sections. The first section is about marriage in pre - Islamic era, concept of marriage, forms of marriage in pre - Islamic era, polygamy, the attitude of Islam towards it, the number of women man can marry and equality between wives. The second section focuses on the purposes of marriages in Islam like saving humankind from extinction, satisfying desires, maintaining social relationship through the cooperation between husband and wife and preventing human from making an illicit relationship. The third section includes the philosophy of marriage to shia Imams, Islam urging it, choosing a spouse depending on piety not fortune or beauty and the interdependence of rights between husband and wife. The second chapters concentrates on non - Arab slaves in Islam and it also comprises three sections. The first section is about the definition of slaves and their sources. The second section is about the prophet and his household treating slaves depending on piety. The third section includes the religious belief of women slaves and the involvement of men and women slaves in Alttaf combat and supporting Imam Hussain. The third chapter is about the reason behind shia Imams marring non - Arab women. It falls into three sections. The first section delves into Imams marring non - Arab women such as Imam Hasan's wives, Imam Hussain's wives, Imam Ali bin Hussain's wives, Imam Sadiq's wife, Imam Kadhim's wives, Imam Ridha's wifves, Imam Jawad's wife, Imam Hadi's wife and Imam Alhasan Alaskary's wife. The second section concentrates on the relationship of Imams to their wives and their wives caring them. The third section focuses in the role of Imams' non - Arab wives in spreading justice and supporting oppressors in addition to rearing their daughters. The present study reveals the prophet's household philosophy of marriage with non - Arabs women and their great role in all cases that are related Imams in addition to their sacrifice for the sake of their husbands
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صحافة لواء الناصرية (1939 - 1969) : دراسة تاريخية == Press Of The Nassiriyah Brigade (1939 - 1969) : Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: ربيع محمد ناصر حسن
اسم المشرف: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
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تاريخ الشرطة في لواء المنتفك 1921 - 1958

اسم المؤلف: حميدة مكي فرهود وذيح السعيدي
اسم المشرف: عبد الرسول شهيد عجمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
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جورج كليمنصو ونشاطه السياسي في فرنسا 1841 - 1919 == George Clemenceau And His Political Activity In France 1841 - 1919

اسم المؤلف: حوراء علي حسين الموسوي
اسم المشرف: عباس حسين الجابري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: George Clemenceau is one of the influential figures in the course of world events not only in French but also he is one of the most prominent politicians who have impact on the events of the modern and contemporary history which had kept his name and nations name and made his glory among the great people he controlled to a large extent on the formulation of Republic affairs in France and the world. As a result his popularity increased in his country and the world beyond what distinguishes him from the different ideas and principles this shaped his character as a radical republican because he was born in an environment that embraced the concepts of the republic and formed the opposition for all Royal systems. He did not however depend on the legacy of his family ; he depended on himself and imposed himself firmly on the political area through his views and political speeches in the parliament and outside. Therefore his enemies feared him while the politicians of the world respected him , he defended his country wherever the man of the street in France because he led his country in the years of the first world war until the opponent politicians realized that he is the best ruler of the country through the war , since he does not believe in the surrender because he believes that the settlement must be from a position of strength until achieving the complete victory. In addition to the political geniuses he was a military man from the first class and this permanent motto is (the war is not easy and cannot be left the military commanders) , he ruled France by the power and he achieved the victory to his country and became the national hero and then he reached to the climax of his political life. In spite of all what has been mentioned the Reed and Iraqi academic studies did not mention him in detail hence the importance of the study to the character and the year 1841 namely is the starting of the study because this year is the year of Georges Clemenceau's birth 1841 and the year 1919 considered the end of the study for this year is his retirement from politics generally. The study consists of four chapters introduction , and a conclusion. The Chapter one involved his life and political activity (1841 - 1874). His life , his family , and his teaching. The Chapter two involved his parliamentary activity from (1875 - 1902) and his entry to the parliament to represent the opposition and the retirement from politics. Chapter three involved his political and administrative activities from (1909 - 1914). While chapter four Presented and his role in the first world war and his receiving the ministry during the difficult conditions of the country. And his role in Versailles conference (1919). The study found the following results. The environment in which a significant role in the refinement of his republic personality and grew up making political future of the family is known for its opposition to the royal , the ancestors of the top republicans who have embraced the principles of the French revolution since its inception and one of the most aggrieved at the catholic which is based on the imperial system and depending on the prevailing conditions and the policy of arbitrary the Napoleon III , So it seemed to gravitate toward political work since the early stage. In the Mean while the war clouds began over France , and he felt it. He welcomed the war and wished the defeat to his enemies and the regime that he hated since his child hood in order to starting new regime ruled France through controlling the republican elements. He was surprised by the emergence of two trends , each claimed adherence to the principles of the free republic that the moderate movement won. And the initially espoused against the other party extremist but eventually became one of the strongest opponents of the policy of colonial and religious trends until he was expelled from power and took after them the radical republicans the regime. Because of him , the radical republicans established to year 1940 after the fall by Germans. He was with very interested in social problems from that is was suffering the society. He was a supporter of labor strikes and improved the conditions of the working classes, the elimination of poverty and he appeared as advocate social reform. But the relation stressed between them during took over the ministry of interior against strikes in the estranged and began machinations against him. And they objected to took over the prime minister again , He united the military leader ship of allied armies in the war and then achieved the victory against the German who threatened on the democracy principles.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الرقابة الادارية منذ تاسيس الدولة الاسلامية حتى خلافة الامام الحسن عليه السلام 1 - 41هـ / 622 - 661م == Administrative Control Since The Establishment Of The Islamic State Until The Succession Of Imam Hassan (PBUH) (1 - 41 AH/6 22 - 661 AD )

اسم المؤلف: خالد شاكر كاظم الشمري
اسم المشرف: حسن علي الشرهاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2017
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The administrative control in the era of early Islam is one of the most important topics because it relates to the goals that the tolerant law(shari'a) of Islam which came out to apply. Additionally, it is also concerning with the realizing of those goals in order to change and reform the personality of Muslim. Absolutely, the administrative control derives its principles and components from the Qur'an and Sunnah. So that, it includes the implementation of Islamic teachings in the oversight of State administration and the device of the administrative reform. And therefore, Islam prepares the human to the life and the afterlife.Accordingly, the study discusses this subject within three chapters in addition to preface, introduction and conclusions, as well. So, the preface concerns with the meaning of control linguistically and terminologically, its implications in Quran, the concept of control within the modern administration, and the forms of control in the Islamic curriculum. The first chapter relates to "the preventive control", the criteria of the selection of the employee. Moreover, this chapter is divided into three sections : firstly, it is devoted to present the standards of the selection of the employees that the Prophet Mohammad(PBUH)and the Caliph Abu Bakr based on. Secondly, it discusses those criteria according to the Caliphs Omar's and Uthman's (GBT)standards. And then, the third section presents them in relation to Imams Ali's and al - Hassan's (PBUT)standards.Consequently, the second chapter exposes "the directive control" of the directives and instructions which are issued to the employees. This chapter is also of three sections where the first section presents the guidance before starting the work. The second one concerns with the guidance of the letters of the employment's orders. Whereas, the third one deals with the specialized guidance to the staff during work.The third chapter is set to study "the curative control", procedures, the demonstrative methods to get rid of the corruption and demonstrative deviation. Relatively, those issues are presented within two sections : the first one deals with the precautionary procedures which are adopted in the Islamic demonstrative control. However, those topics are also exposed within two subdivisions : the first one titled, ''the curative procedures'' while the second one discusses the rights and privileges of the employees. Correspondingly, the procedures of the deterrent punishment are discussed in the second section of this chapter.
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