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ايران في عهد الشاه سلطان حسين (1694 - 1722م) == Iran In The Period Of Shah Sultan Hussein,S Reign ( 1694 - 1722 A. D.)

اسم المؤلف: نهلة نعيم عبد العالي ال بطي
اسم المشرف: سميرة عبد الرزاق عبد الله العاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Safavid state was formed of Turkumans Toides which known as Aelkezlba and inspite of the hard mysterious situations and accomapanying events that the state came through include the intermittent conflicts with the nighabours states such as oHomanic state which the main reason of conflect between them was the secaterian difference.but the safavid state had kept it,s power somehow specifically in age of first shah - Abas.but after while the state started to fall apart gradually by the age of first shah - Abas. During this time safavid state had seen social and economic problems led it goes down gradually,all this problems due to the first Abas shah because deliberately he killed princes of Safavid fimily ,this scene has been reflected on the desting of de Safavid state and it,s policy later on. When shah safi took the throne he has followed abloody policies later on had created lots of problems and had lost many lands used to be important and strategic for Safavid state. The second factor was the administrative system dispite the different foundations of Safavid,s state it has los it,s efficiency in performance as well as the rulers started. chacing to reach jobs and Salaries ,since the shah was spineless and driven as well as surround by foreign consoltants who did not give him the opportunity to choose snitable cadres to ful fill management positions dep on the former corruptor officers though. The only trouble that been faced by Safavid state was rip.and rivalry between officials,chairmen and rulers though its been clear that these factors drove the state to fall apart soon , as well as they became tax collectors. During the previous factors, arich class had been fromd and negatively affected the society, conflects it was not expected in these situations , to make workhose case for the foundations of safavid state.because these foundations have closed the Gates Upon all people , and became open just for people of benefits.That’s why management, jobs have been baugh, soch as well as money and fortune have always been inhirited infact its due to internal System instability which let the military foundation to be week and powerless after it was the core of Safavid,s state to face all conflects,s parts first Sha - Abas has formed military forces aims to find alteratives for the ancient foundation which has been ruled by Ael kezlbah to make it weak not to cancel It ,as well as this army was completely different than previous ones, Aftermath, Gorgies have poped up and showed these nations later on after weakness of loiality creed for shah and the state. According to this the foundation of religion has faced many changes.and replacements.with in the last years of safavids.Government, as well as religion,s entTiy was correlated to the political and Social situating to circuamstances, Though by this way the destiny of safavids state and its collapse have been the main reason religion entcty collapas. According to this we can figureout the factors of weakness which the safavids state had faced after long age of power either these factors wer characterized in the recipes of shah , leaders or curriculum.Though , Its been clear that the factors of weakness are more specially the character of shah.because shah wasn,t pwerfull authority and able to rule the state with specifications thate.in d time full of events ,conspiracies and internal revolutions, as well as since economic situations.which affected the social and political status, which the outcomes and resources - of commerce became so weak and few.Way the total responsibility of state collapse can not be on the head of shah sultan Husain.because in contrast between his age and ages before him we can find that.who social and conomic problems that state has faced belong to, ruled before him specially, shah suliman , as well as the chargcs against shah sultan Husain have been proved in this study ,that.The main reason of disintergration that happened to the community due to the shah first Abas who delebarately killd the princes of safavids family.
الملخص:
المصادر:

موارد سبط بن العجمي (ت884هـ/1479م) ومنهجه في كتابه كنوز الذهب في تاريخ حلب == Ibn Al - Ajmi Tribe Of Resources (D. 884 AH / 1479 AD) And His Method In His Book The Treasures Of Gold In The History Of Aleppo

اسم المؤلف: نعمة شكر محمود علي الجبوري
اسم المشرف: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: From the former exposition of references and methodology of the author and what is related to it, It could have concluded the most important matters on which " Subt Ibn Al - Ajmi" paid huge concern in his Book " Kinuz Al - Thahab Fi Tarikh Halib" ( Treasures of Gold in the History of Aleppo). I could have concluded it in the following : The Book over mentioned is actually local encyclopedic composition and the author has divided it into two parts , in the 1st part, he planned for Aleppo during the period he has lived , while the 2nd part includes incidents and deaths during the period he contemporized. The author hugely concerned over mentioning references of his information either taken from an individual or from men of religion or doctrine or sect. He paid much attention on varying his methods as to get to the information from its sources as reading, listening and questions. He also has concerned over utterances and methods indicating to the contemporary and has given strength and reliability for his narrations. He did not cease at exposing and showing his narrations and information, but actually he mentioned many sources for the information and balanced between these narrations; besides always choosing the right one. The author is a skillful critic and being accurate in his narrations and writings. He relied on commitment that being considered as an indication for his concern on documentation. The author has bases and laws to accept narrations or refused them or to strengthen or weaken them. He cared to specify the narrator whom he took from, by showing that he descends from a specific country or from a definite doctrine. His text in many places and this indicated that he documented everything. Moreover, he interested the former studies and authors, asking for summary. He got back to books of history, wrote dates and news in addition to writing kinships, translations and poetry. This is indicated that he is prolific and varied in all domains. The author depends on the narrations preserved from the written narrations; he explained some maters and details concerning with the information.
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صبري العسلي ودوره السياسي في سورية (1903 - 1958) == Sabri Al - Asali And His Political Role In Syria (1903 - 1958)

اسم المؤلف: نسرين فيصل داود
اسم المشرف: ظاهر محمد صكر الحسناوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Many authors and researchers shed their attention on the history of Syria , which passed through significant events which had a huge effect in the history of the Arab Homeless therefore , The history of Syria was studied from all sides , especially by Syrian researchers in particular , and Arab researchers in general. However , there are characters which have great role in the events which Syria passed through , and which have not studied and highlighted objectively. Regardless of the roles and positions taken by those characters m but they have become of great significant , which the researcher cannot ignore them without concentrating on those characters , especially outside Syria m because the political situations in Syria were reflected on many researchers m who were not objective in their judgments on those characters we have mentioned , nad it was necessary to study the policy which sabri al - asali adopted in the history of Syria and its effect on the course of events , whether in Syria or the Arab surrounding. The character of sabri Al - asali represented an influential axis in the course of the politic vents not only in Syria , but also in the Arab area , nudging his attitude on the triple charter , Beside his outstanding role in revealing the murderers of Adnan Al Maliki. Which the western countries were responsible for is murder. Beside his role in the issue of suez and the support of Syria to Egypt in this serious issue , respite the warning of the western countries to Syria to participate , still Sabri Al - asali declared that Syria would support Egypt. The thesis aims to study the life of Sabri Al - asali and his prominent political activities the history of Syria , through reviewing his upbringing life , and emergence the course of events his implementing many actions on the internal and external veils and his attitudes about the serious and multiple rab issues. The thesis consists of an introduction , our chapters and a conclusion , The first chapter discuss the origion of the family of Sabri Al - asali , his life activities his attributes and the start of his political activity through the great Syrian revolution in 1925 against the French occupation and joining the rationalist Action league , then joining the national block m and contributing in the elections of 1943 , the contributing in the Syrian ministries , especially minis interior. In the second ministry of fares Al - khoury in 1945 a minister of justice in the third ministry of fares Al - khoury in 1945 , then as aminister of interior once again in 1946 in the ministry of daadallah Al - jabr then joining the national party to become asecretary in 1947 , and his participating in the ministry of Jamil Mardam in 1948 , and the attitude of the National party from the coup of Hosni AL - Zaeem , also the attitude of the National party from the coup of sami AL - Hinawi in 1949. The second chapter deals with the attitude of al - Asali from the combination of 1950 and his attitude from the Ministry of the people‘s party , also the combination of his first ministry in 1954. AL - Asali role in the Arab - syrian relationships, Handling the Internal proticipation in the elections of the minisry of Saeed AL - Ggazzi. As well as the third chapter deals with studying the second ministry of Sabri AL - Asali in 1955, and the position of the ministry from the international alliances, The Internat policy of the ministry ,The Amenric and Bmerican and pressures, on the government of AL - Asali ؛ The Egyptian Support to the attitude of Syria from Baghdad pact and AL - Maliki alliance, Sabri AL - Asali had a role in prosecuting the murders of Adnan AL - Moliki, and the resignation of the ministry. The fourth chapter traces the third ministry of Sabri AL - Asali in 1956, Nehru and Shbelor in Damascus, The Approach of the third ASalian Ministry, The actirity from the internal disagreements in the Military Institution, The Syrian attitude from the nationalization of the Suez canal the ministry and the development of events in the middle east the aggravation of the third ministry in 1975 the attitude of the ministry from Eisenhower doctrine ,new development In The Syrian - Egyptian Relationships New Development To The Iraq - Syrian Relationships Development of The internal Situation in Syria , The Israeli - Arab Conflict ,The Policy of Positive Neutrality , the Deterioration of Relationships With The Arab - Gorden - Iraq - Egypt and Syria Al - Asali as Advice president to the Unity State , The Resignation of Al - Asali and his quitting The political life.
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الادباء ودورهم الاجتماعي في العصر العباسي في القرنين الرابع والخامس الهجريين == Literati And Their Social Role In Abbasid Age At Fourth And Fifth Hijri Centuries

اسم المؤلف: ندى محمد عزيز
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم عز الدين صادق الاعرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study has specified on literati s and their social role in Abbasid age at fourth and fifth Hijri centuries , and it is historical and social study that reveals the different phases of their daily and personal life and its influences on Islamic community in general. The study stands on selective models of the most famous with wide reputation in Iraq and east Islamic states and Levant through the period of this study , who are so famous with their specific literatures , the dignity of their ranks and highness of their values, the study reveals their special position on writing poetry and editing wonderful discourses, and they have succeeded in the field of satisfied and acceptable dealing and correct guide with organized phrases and selective words.There are many reasons to study this thesis which are the close attach with humanitarian activities of nowadays society and another reason most of studies that dealing with Abbasid age in fourth and fifth centuries focused on the political and social upheavals that are likely to lead to disturbances and bloody conflicts and the social life of articles didn’t get enough study with only just few spots on their studies.This study implies three chapters starts with introduction and ends with conclusion and contains concluded results of thesis, and confirmed by main resources and references that are relied on this study.The chapter one contains “The community composition of literati s” that involves three sections , the first section reveals graces and sectarians which are the literati s belonged in, which are Arabic , Persian , Turkish and Romanian. The second section refers to the religious origin of literati which involves the Jewish , Christina , Sabean literati s and their influences on community, the third section deals with careers and crafts of literati which are coats and priories , writer , papermakers, teachers , doctors , businessmen and public career and craft.The second chapter deals with social traditions of literati and includes three sections, first section involves the clothes and their kinds and classes , the second section involves the eating behaviors and foods and drinks , the third section deals with social activities of literati and first one is about family life in affiance marital contract and child education and divorces of literati ,and also included the ceremonies and vacation in Ramadan month and Al - fitir Eid and Adhha Eid and Persian new Year's Day Destival day. The third chapter displays the (living life of literati) which included three sections , the section one is about the study of living life level of literati represnent by special , public and poor ranks, while the section two talks about the social moral of literati that includes the praise and indignity moral, the third section specified with social meetings that include the private and public literati’s meeting , and speaks about the method of entertainment such sports that restricted by chess , nerd and animal , and all the all success came from Allah
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حزب الاتحاد الوطني السوداني الافريقي " سانو" (1958 - 1972) : دراسة تاريخية == National Union Of Sudan African Party ((Sano)) (1958 - 1972) (Historical Study)

اسم المؤلف: ندى حسين علي حمد الجبوري
اسم المشرف: منتهى طالب سلمان
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Founded in southern Sudan, a number of political parties during the era of the fifties of the twentieth century was for each of its programs and activities and weight in Sudanese society and its influence in political life and was Among the most important of these parties (the Patriotic Union of Sudan African Party)(Sano), who played a major key role in Silver South Sudan. The importance of this study is to analyze addressed to the ideas and activities of th party And his calls to demand for autonomy for the south Ensure that the first chapter (political transformations in Sudan until 1958)The second chapter is titled (National Union of Sudan African Party and the position of the military government of it until the year 1964) The reasons for determining the subject in the period between (1958 - 1972) where 1958 is the year of the signs of either party establishment in 1972, the year in which the party was able to achieve its goals in South Sudan to get on autonomy.1 - How did Ibrahim Abboud policy problem in South Sudan ? 2 - What is the role of the party (Sano) in the round - table conference in 1965?The third chapter was titledhe fourth chapte (National Union of Sudan African Party Sano civilian government until 1969) T r entitled the National Union of Sudan African Party Sano second military rule 1969. Influenced Ibrahim Abboud's policy towards the problem of southern Sudan through the end the parliamentary system in the country and his arbitrary policy in southern Sudan led to the migration of many intellectuals and southern parliamentarians to neighboring countries and founded a number of organizations and associations and parties such as the Christian Association of Sudan, which turned out to be the Patriotic Union of Sudanese regions Party sealed which turn to the Union National Party Sudanese and African (Sano).Sano Party has led a major role in the Round Table Conference in 1965, especially after the defections, which affected the party between William Deng and Agheri serious and was on its impact on the party split into two wings moderate wing led by William Deng, who called for a federal system between the north and south wing extremist led by Agheri serious which called for the secession of southern Sudan from the north was like two wings Sano Party delegation In Roundtable Conference
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النساء في كتاب الطبقات الكبرى لابن سعد (ت230هـ/844م) : دراسة تحليلية == The Women In The Tabaqaat Al - Kubraa By Ibn Saad (D. 230/844 AC) Analytical Study

اسم المؤلف: جلاء عبد الكريم خليفة
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم عز الدين صادق الاعرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The book of tabaqaat Al - Kubraa by the author Ibn Saad (D. 230 A.H/844 AC) is one of the pride of Muslims which was composed the early movement which was in the process of authorship of the Islamic Arabic history (themes). What increases the importance of this book is the author’s (Mohammed ben Saad 230 AH/844 AC)ability to collect data and referring them to their source. The author cared for women to a great extent and detailed their lives and revealed all the aspects of their scientific, social and economic lives in addition the political and miliarty aspects. He consecrated a section entitled “Tabaqaat Al - Nissa.” The above has motivated to study of women which is regarded as the oldest documentation from the heritage. The necessity required to divide the study into three sections which include many chapters. It includes an introduction and a conclusion and a list and modern references. The first section : tackles the methodology of Ibn Saad (230/844 AC) ad his resources in tabaqaat books includes four chapters : Chapter one is a concentrated in the age of Ibn Saad in many aspects which characterize the Abbasid Caliphate during the period in which Ibn Saad had lived. Chapter Two includes two inquiries; the first is about the biography of the authors his name, nickname and surname and then birth and features and finally his death. While second is concerned with his scientific vitae starting from his travels seeking knowledge and his sheikhs and disciples and finally his writings. Chapter Three tackles the methodology of ibn Saad and resources in Tabaqaat Al - Kubra. Chapter Four tackles the methodology of ibn Saad in tabaqaat Al - Nisaa in five inquiries : the first inquiry tackles the basis of arrangement of Tabaqaat Al - Nisaa, the second tackles the scientific vitae of the women, the third tackles the methodology features of tabaqaat Al - Nisaa and the fifth tackles the sources of tabaqaat Al - Nisaa. The second section is devoted to the study of the women’s efforts in the book of Tabaqaat Al - Kubra in five chapters : the first chapter is devoted to the study of the sources of women culture in the era of mission; while the direct the narration of prophet Mohammed (PBUH), the third tackles the narrations about the prophet (PBUH) and other women and men in that age. Chapter Four is devoted to the study of the role of women in the service of historical narrations.The Third Section is a detailed study of the lives of women in general in Tabaqaat Al - Kubraa including three chapters; the first includes a comprehensive study if the social life of women. The second includes a study of the role of women in the call of Allah and the projection of religious, and the third chapter tackles themiliatry and political role of women through the following themes : the political attitudes of women and the proximateness of women to men in the attacks and wars.The study entitled “The Women in the tabaqaat Al - Kubraa by ibn Saad (D. 230/844 AC)” comes up to many findings such as : 1 - The book of Tabaqaat Al - Kubraais considered as a huge encyclopedia that includes the various aspects of life whethercultural, intellectual, social and economic and constructional.2 - The study gives an analytical perspective of the high ability of ibn Saad to criticize the texts concerning each character and employing them in the biography study. The biography appears complete from birth to death. 3 - The study showed the ability of Ibn Saad to understand the movement of Islamic history starting from the prophetic era for two centuries. 4 - The study proved the diligence of women to get knowledge of religion from their original sources.5 - Women were characterized form men in the era of mission in a high degree of accuracy and scientific honesty in the conveyance of the hadiths and the honorable prophet tradition in addition to being trustworthy in their narrations about the prophet (Peace be upon him). 6 - The book of tabaqaat Al - Kubraa has rendered a sublime service to the science of hadith and Sunna through the exposure of in addition to what Ibn Saad had added. Thus, the structure of the hadith has become complete. 7 - The study showed through the text which was mentioned by Ibn Saad in the era of mission the status of women and their features like honesty, integrity, bravery and frugality.In the end I wish I have been successful in conveying a clear picture about women in all the aspects of their cultural, scientific, social and economic and political lives according to the narrations of Ibn Saad that express his wide knowledge and his methodology and style.
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يهود الفلاشا في اثيوبيا (1950 - 1991) : دراسة تاريخية == The Flasha Jewish (1950 - 1991) Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: ميرفت عبد الكاظم ياسين العامري
اسم المشرف: احسان علي حسين الشمري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Jewish encyclopedia defines the “Ethiopia Flasha Jewish” as troupe descending from Jewish origin , related to one of religion Jewish classes based on old era and external books “bookriva” (the undependable book and other religious books which appeared after the finish of old era record , after appearing the Zionism movement , the attention of Jewish of denomination throughout of World in order to gather it Zionists movement , hence it becomes necessary to study these denominations ,then recognize and identifies their situations and their political , economic and social rule. whereas attraction of Flasha Jewish improve its reputation which characterized , somewhat , by racism.The study divided into introduction ,three chapters and conclusion. the first chapter deals with the naming , historical origin of Flasha Jewish of its correlation with Zionists movement until 1948 , in section one is about naming and geographical distribution in Ethiopia , section two is about historical origin of Flasha Jewish and migration to Ethiopia , while the section three is about Flasha Jewish and its correlation with Zionists movement until 1948.The second chapter deals with social symbols and economic and political activity of Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia , in section one is about doctrines , traditions and folklore of Flasha Jewish. Section two talks about economic and political activity of Ethiopia Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia. While section three bout the prolegomenon of migration in Ethiopia to Israel (1977 - 1950). The third chapter deals with Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia and their relationship with Israel (1990 - 1977). in section one is the growth of Israel immigration (1990 - 1980). section two is the economic and social activity - the economic and military activity , the third chapter is the thought of return condition and reverse migration.Conclusion 1. Religious believes : they don’t belief of Talmud.only belief in external Asfar 2. There is no political rule for Flasha Jewish in Ethiopia as being oppressed minority and semi - restricted socially.3. Economically and socially : the Flasha Community is isolated one , the economic rule of Flash don’t exceed the agricultural rule , they are tribal community , most of them practicing agriculture as farmer , also working on crafts like making cracks and spinning ,which considers as scornful crafts for Ethiopic.4. The thesis reveals the Zionist organization activity : in addition to Jewish agency that works beside United States , by making contracts with Ethiopic government and working to convince Flasha Jewish to migrate to Israel.5. Flasha Jewish in the other hand are scornful and can’t get respected occupations in society , those people realized that promised land is not milk and honey , obviously the Flasha Jewish civilians is third degree in military fields which pushes them to think about return and reversed migration
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حزب الشورى والاستقلال في المغرب الاقصى 1946 - 1962 == Al - Shoura( Consultative And Independence Party In Far Morocco (1946 - 1962)

اسم المؤلف: منى عبد الكريم شريف
اسم المشرف: عبد الله حميد مرزوك حسين العتابي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The history of Maghreb countries remains in general and history of the Morocco kingdom in particular is in need of more academic study and research for its topics richness, the Arabic Maghreb is the only which maintains its independence and sovereignty across history and did not subjected to any foreign occupation including the Ottoman occupation which controlled all a parts of the Arabic homeland for four century with the exclusion of the French and Spanish protection lasted for forty four years from(1912 - 1956). The Morocco adopted the Moroccan thought in its modern history since early time back to the beginning of the twentieth of the twenty century, where the Moroccan political parties are constitutes represented by national necessity conditioned by the struggle circumstances against the colonist for liberation and restore the national sovereignty, and Al - Shoura( consultative and independence party in far morocco was one of these oldest political parties in Morocco where the party is established at the time of constitution of the independence party in 1944 by laeder Mohammed Hasan Al - Wazani and Al - shora and independence party performed an essential role in the national movement and it was constituted a nerve of this movement with the independence party in morocco.Al - shora and the independence party is considered one of the opponent political parties in Al - Maghreb, as for extending the time frame and restricted between(1946 - 1962) because this period represented an essential historical stage in Al - Maghreb history and it is rich by events, besides the political developments and death of king Mohammed v in 1961 and prince Hasan took the crown in the name of king Hasan II and set constitution and hold elections, the first chapter devoted to study the political situations in Maghreb in(1930 - 1936) and it is in three categories, the first category included historical items concerned the national labor block objectives, programs and the challenging facing it and the factors contributed in establishing the Maghreb national movement, as for the second one displayed the objectives and slogans of the patriotism movement and the party influenced by the principles of the French revolution and also reviewed journals of Nationalist Movement party, and the third one titled the Nationalist Movement and the second world war(1939 - 1945), in it illustrated the movement attitude from war and its developments on the Maghreb areana and the party activity during it and its aptitude from the Palestinian issue and its supporting to it.As for the second chapter titled the emerging of al - shura and independence party included three categories, the first one the starting of the party, nomination and its objectives also the national chapter for the party in 1946 and the party attitude from multiparty and its role in establishing the protection league of Maghreb in Paris in June in1946. As for the second chapter displayed the intellectual and the organization frame of the general objective for the party, means and the membership of the party also the political ,economical and social program and the authorities efforts in an attempt to unify the national movement between two parties( Al - shora and independence and the independence party).As for the third one discussed the political role of the essential parties leaderships in Al - shora and independence party in struggle for independence of Maghreb.As for the third chapter titled the party activity during the stage of Al - Sultan exile Mohammed V, the first category in illustrating the party attitude from the unseat and exile of the Sultan, and the second category to shed light on the eternal and external activity of the party represented by bureau of the Arabic Maghreb in Cairo in 1947 and the role of the Maghreb national parties participated in it, also illustrated the role of the party in committee of liberation Morro also discussed internalization of Morocco issue and the activity of Al - Shoura and independence party in this respect, the third one discussed the party attitude in the independence negotiations concerned the circumstances of holding Pecan Lakes conference and the developments accompanied it till announcement of the independence and confession of Morocco as an independence state at the 3rd of March 1959 followed by confession of some of independence by the Spanish government in 7th of April in the same year. As for the forth chapter where displayed the role of party in the constitutional institutions, in the first category discussed the party attitude concerned laying the state institutions and participating in them, where the party had participated in establishing the first government and establishing the consultation national council established in 1956 and the party was with the participants in decision including recommendation in choosing the prince Hasan as crown. And at the time of establishing the second government where the party had transferred to work with the opponent parties and contributed in backing with the other opponent parties towards backing laying the constitutional institutions.As for the second one titled the internal and the external activity of the party manipulating the party attitude from Morocco Jews and the attitude evacuation of the USA bases in Morocco, besides its activity in the desert and its struggle with the independence party and also its attitude from issues of Al - mashriq Al - arabi. The third category discussed contributing the party in the municipality and town elections and its active role in contributing and backing in stipulating of the constitution for Morocco in 1962.As for the results which the researcher has reached as follow : - 1. The emerging of the political parties in Morocco amongst Al - shora and independence party - the national movement as threshold for reorganizing the Morocco national movement activity according to the bases of modernization including the unity of thought and objective and contributing in framing the mass towards mobilizing the people in resistance and requesting freedom and independence.2. Al - shora and independence party had national role in contributing in presenting the demand document for independence which confirmed a biding by constitution and democracy as method for political work and admitted the municipality and ruling after independence and this confirmation reflected an early awareness for the party at time most of the world states under the colonist control.3. Al - shora and independence party is considered the first which put forward to the constitutional issue in Morocco whet ether in document requesting independence and via presenting 23 of December memorandum in 1947 and the necessity to set democratic constitution for Morocco according to contexts known in the democratic organization.4. The early care of Al - shoura and independence party in demanding the Maghreb human rights at a time this demand was neglected totally in the Arab home states and Maghreb Al - arabi states.5. Contributing of the party in the national governments after independence, in the national and consultation council also the municipality and town elections.6. The party coherent with the necessity to set constitution by elected national council and its contribution in referendum of the constitution in spite of its opposition for some of the constitution texts. And despite of this the political role after independence did not reached the national heritage level despite adopting the pioneer and political opposition in independent Morocco
الملخص:
المصادر:

عبد اللطيف البغدادي ودوره السياسي في مصر حتى عام 1964 == Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi And His Political Cole In Egypt Until 1946

اسم المؤلف: مروة ابراهيم مصطفى حسين المعموري
اسم المشرف: بيداء علاوي شمخي جبر الشويلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Many authors and researchers shed their largest attention an the history of Egypt , As one of the important Arab countries, which has the greatest effect in the events witnessed by the Arab world, Therefore the history of Egypt was studied from all sides and in different Eras, Especially by the Egyptian researchers particular and Arab researchers in general , However. The events of Egypt , chinch have not studied and highlighted objectively , egardless of the roles and positions taken by those character but they have become of great significance , which the searcher cannot ignore them without concentrating on the characters, especially outside Egypt, because the political situation in Egypt maybe were reflected on a number researcher who were not objective in their judgments those characters. Abdul hatif is the most prominent of those characters we have mentioned , The need is essential to study his administration and attitudes in the Egyptian politics , because he contributed greatly to the revolution of Egypt 1952 and defended it. As he was the most prominent its men. Who defended the achievements of that evolution in critical circumstances experienced by the evolution during (1952 - 1964). Abdul Latif distinguished comall of his colleagues, men of the revolution, by his imitable ability to accomplish, So he was able to develop me appropriate plans to implement projects, Known for is high degree of self - confidence and dignity, that was me biggest reason. for the successive disagreements between him and Jamal Abdul Nasser, Which mede him mentally quits the political action Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi took over five different ministries at the level of ministerial action. As well as the position of vice resident , that position which oblige him to supervise so many different sectors of the state. He also had the high prestige among his colleagues and in the conscience of the people , his name was related with genuine and rapidly achievement. The thesis tried to answer several quiries the most prominent were the causes of disagreement between Abdul Latif AL - Baghdadi and Jamal Abdul Nasser and the accuracy of what had sever. Historians mentioned about the fear of Jamal Abdul Nasser from the power and influence of Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi which was the reason behind his quitting the alitcal action because Jamal Abdul Nasser imposes his opinions always in mast decisions , which resulted from that a bad relation ship between Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi and Jamal Abdul Nasser , there were numeral harassment after his recent resignation in 1964.The thesis consists of four chapters and a conclusion, the first chapter was entitled "the emergence of Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi and his entering the political world", and this chapter deals with his life, emergence, his entering the Military college his promotion in the military service, the emergence of the organization of aviation officers in 1940, his participation in the war of Palestine against the Zionist entity in 1948, and his role in regulating the liberal officers which he participated in after the war. While the second chapter was entitled" the role of Al - Baghdadi in the revolution of 23 of July 1952 - 1954", through studying the main issues which was Egypt suffering from before the evolution and made him and his colleagues to start the revolution, Al - Baghdadi took over the responsible of flying in the mooring of 23 of July over the sky of Cairo and Alexandria in order to control the situation and his presided over the revolutionary court , which we formed in 1953, to trial those accused in betraying the homeland , or against its safety insid and outside or those who help in the corruption of the government , as well , the chapter includes the crisis of march and the outcome represented by the conflict of the members of the revolutionary command council with Mohamed maguey and the disagreement between Jamal Abdul Nasser and Abdul Latif Al - Baghdadi who made Al - Baghdadi submits his first resignation. The third chapter was entitled "Al - Baghdadi and his took over the legislative and executive duties", it reviews the role of Al - Baghdadi in the formation of the Egyptian government from (1953 - 1957), accompanied by responsibilities and accomplishments and the subsequent proposals in the national union and the issuance of nationalization resolutions in 1961 the so - called" the social revolution and his entering the parliamentary elections which resulted in his presided over the national Egyptian assembly while.The fourth chapter was entitled "Al - Baghdadi and his position on the course of events and the internal political developments in Egypt", it reviews the evacuation agreement and the triple aggression on Egypt in 1956, Al - Baghdadi accompanied Jamal Abdul Nasser thoroughly the period of the war , As well as the chapter includes the efforts for the establishment of Egyptian - Syrian unity in (1958 - 1961) that emanated the united Arab republic are his role in it the formation of the boad of presidency in Egypt after the secession had ahuge effect in the determination of Al - Baghdadi to quit and not to return to politics once again.
الملخص:
المصادر:

سياسة بريطانيا تجاه امارات الساحل المتصالحة 7491 - 7491 == Britain'S Policy Towards The Trucial Coast Emirates 1947 - 1968

اسم المؤلف: محمد نصر سعيد
اسم المشرف: حسين علي فليح الخزرجي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The historical period of the search has a great importance since it associated with significant international changes that reflected on British policy in India in general and the Gulf region in particular, as it has transferred the British responsibility of India after independence in 1947 from the India office to the Foreign Office, which had a clear impact on the rulers of the Arabian Gulf. This study came to complete previous academic studies which dealt with part of British policy in the Gulf region, and provide the Iraqi historical library with a needed study. The years 1947 - 1968 constitute a new phase of British policy, which led in the end to the emergence of the United Arab Emirates after British announcement of its withdrawal from the region in January 1968. The studying of the history of British relations with the Trucial Emirates represents the fundamental basis of British policy in the Gulf region and confirms British interests in proportion to the international changes after the end of World War II and the resulting economic and social impact in the Trucial Emirates. In addition Britain adopted a new approach in dealing with the rulers of the Emirates after World War II by concentrating power and prestige in the region as expressed by an important British document.Also, this study provides important information about the role of the sheikhs of the Emirates and their relations with Britain in drawing the political map of the Emirates and the region in this historical period.The study came according to historical scientific methodology based on investigation, research, access to consulting relevant historical sources and analysis of many documents, sources, newspapers, magazines, encyclopedias and interviews that show British policy in the Gulf region, especially Trucial Emirates and its attitudes towards political, economic and social issues in this period of research.The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion stating the main findings. The first chapter (Britain and the Trucial Coast Emirates until 1947) studies British policy towards the Trucial Coast until 1947. This chapter has two sections, the first (political and economic realities of the Trucial Coast Emirates until 1918), discusses several topics First : British treaties with Coast Emirs who were control key of the Gulf, second : Britain and internal conditions of the Coast Emirates, third : Britain's role in the border problems, fourth : Britain and Coast Emirates during World War I, fifth : Britain's policy towards foreign Participation in the pearling. The second section(British policy towards coast Emirates 1919 - 1947) which tackles several topics, first : Britain 's policy towards Emirates between the two wars, second : the problem of the borders, third : the economic effects of the war on the Coast Emirates, fourth : aviation agreements and the establishment of stations, fifth : oil, sixth : Trucial Emirates in World War II until 1947, Both sections discuss the British attitude towards the political and Economic developments of these Emirates between 1805 and 1947.The second chapter (Britain's attitude towards the political issues in the Trucial Coast), which contains nine sections : the first, the issue of the external borders 1949 - 1964, the second : the internal borders 1947 - 1968, the third : The Board of Trucial Emirates 1947 - 1968, the fourth : the power of the coast of Oman 1949 - 1965, the fifth : The Role of Arab League States in the Trucial Emirates 1952 - 1966, the sixth : British intervention in changing the rulers of the Trucial Coast 1948 - 1967, Seventh : Britain and administrative and judicial conditions of the Trucial Emirates 1947 - 1961, Eighth : Britain's attitude about the openess of the rulers of the Trucial Coast Emirates towards abroad 1951 - 1967, Nineth : British withdrawal from the Arabian Gulf and dual union 1952 - 1968.The third chapter (Britain's economic policy towards the Trucial Emirates) consisted of five sections, the first : Britain's attitude towards the banking activity in the Trucial Emirates 1947 - 1968, second : Britain's attitude towards the oil concessions in the Trucial Coast 1949 - 1966, third : trade 1947 - 1968, fourth : Agriculture 1948 - 1967, fifth : pearling and fishing career 1948 - 1967. The fourth chapter (Britain's policy towards social issues in the Trucial Coast) contains four sections to study the social changes in the Trucial Emirates by tracking the stages of development in several fields : First, the British attitude towards Education 1947 - 1968, second : Health 1949 - 1968, third : Britain and development projects in the Trucial Emirates 1950 - 1968, fourth : Britain's attitude towards the public social life, by focusing on the British policy towards mentioned fields 1948 - 1968.
الملخص:
المصادر:

التعليم في اليابان (1868 - 1912) == Education In Japan (1868 - 1912)

اسم المؤلف: مثنى عبد الجبار عبود
اسم المشرف: وليد عبود محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Education is a reflection to society background, philosophy and history, as well as its development and horizons for its future prospects and aspirations. In this respect, the Japanese experience has become an example that should be followed to achieve improved didactic and scientific performance. This success has been achieved so quickly that it has made Japan one of the most advanced countries. Though having a small area, tough geographical conditions and high population density, and lacking raw materials, Japan has managed to make the brains of its citizens a substitution to face lack of natural and materialistic resources. This has positively reflected on its economy growth and on its social, educational, and cultural development.There are two reasons for selection of this topic (Education in Japan 1768 - 1912) : first, it is one of the most successful experiences in the world since everyone agrees that the Japanese experience and its didactic development is an integrated and exceptional human effort which has drawn the attention and interest of the entire world. Japan, the Asian country, has broken the rule that development is associated with the West and there is no hope to enjoy development unless a person is a foreigner or an expatriate. So, this experience deserves not only to be studied once; rather, many studies should deal the educational policy of Japan. Second, most academic studies on Japan have focused on the political and economic sides and overlooked the social side of which education is the most important pillar and the effective channel in the state policy and community. To underline this, most political and economic problems are attributed to education problems. Besides, development in developed countries is considered an equilateral triangle (political, economic and social “educational” development). It is known that development of the social aspect positively reflects on the political and economic aspects, and vice versa. Thus, education is pivotal in the development process in any developed country including Japan. The period covered by the thesis is 1868 - 1912; the first date (1868) is the date of accession of Emperor Mutsuhito (1868 - 1912) to the throne. The reign of this Emperor is known is Meiji. He was committed to the fifth principle of the Imperial Charter Oath : “Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundations of imperial rule”. This Charter marks the end of two centuries of solitude. It has made Japan open to international and regional countries. The second date represents end of the Meiji Era where Japan reached to an advanced stageof education development. Japan completed the foundation of the education structure starting from kindergartens to imperial universities.The hypothesis that the thesis deals with is an attempt to explore and analyze data and information about the development of education in Japan up to 1912, and review its basic elements and key factors of its rise. It also explores the effect of struggle between traditional and modern education, and plans developed by the government and stance of the Emperor to these plans. The researcher adopted the scientific, analytical and historical approach, and tried to reconcile between the historical sequence and unity of subject to reach objective and accurate answers. The thesis consists of four chapters, conclusion and annexes. The first chapter deals with roots of education in Japan up to 1868. It involves three topics : the first one tracks development of education during the reign of Nara and Heian (710 - 1185), changes in the reigns of Kamkura and Muromachi (1185 - 1568), and reign of Azuchi Momoyama (1568 - 1600). The second topic include education in the era of early Tokugawa (1600 - 1853); it shows the educational policy adopted by the shogun Ieyasu Tokugawa (1603 - 1615) to reform education; explores his disputes with opponents; reviews the effect of solitude of Japan of education during the years 1616 - 1786; and outlines the effect of tribal schools and First Opium War on education (1787 - 1853). The third topic focuses on reviewing development of Education in the Tokugawa Era (1853 - 1868), outlining the effect of Perry expedition in wakening up the Japanese nation of the dormant Chinese thinking, directing them to explore mysteries of modern western education and sciences (1853 - 1868), and getting acquainted with the role of foreign missionaries and Japanese scholars in the development of education (1859 - 1868) and their role in introducing modern sciences which had contributed to preparing Japanese education elite that, in turn, encouraged Japanese to the west, resulting in increased scholarships to the west and Europe to get closer picture of the development of modern science (1863 - 1868).The second deals with the beginnings of modern education in Japan (1868 - 1877). It includes three topics; the first involves the attempts to reform government education as a result of a call by the Meiji Emperor in 1868, and the effect of his call to open old schools and seeking foreign assistance to develop and modernize these schools. The second topic deals with education modernization projects, including establishment of the Ministry of Education and development of the first Educational Plan (Gakusei), as well as the lwakura expedition and its impact on revising the Educational Plan and encouraging women education and establishment of educational associations. The third topic copes with teacher preparation, establishment of normal schools for female and male teachers, development of curricula, and problems facing implementation of the plan.Chapter three tackles establishment of the Japan University and development of education plans (1877 - 1885). It includes three topics. The first topic involves establishment of Japan University and development of a proposed second National Education Plan (1877 - 1880). It also includes an overview of the impact of People for Liberty Movement and stance of the Emperor of this Movement. Topic two deals with the steps for the review and development of the third National Education Plan (1880 - 1885). Topic three involves development of the fourth Education National Plan (1885 - 1890), its announcement, implementation and stance of the Emperor to it. Chapter four tackles development of modern education in Japan (1890 - 1912). It includes three topics; the first highlights development of the education system in primary schools by issuance of new legislation. These include kindergartens and primary and secondary schools. The second chapter sheds light on the education system in the secondary schools, normal schools which graduate professional staff to meet the need of education expansion in primary and intermediate schools and vocational schools and its impact on the Japan economy, as well as, female high schools and their role on the education of women. The third topic deals with the development of high education institutions which are preparatory schools for those wishing to complete study after university; it also deals with private schools and imperial universities since these are high academic institutions for graduating social, economic and administrative elites to serve in and develop different state institutions.The researcher used considerable number of references, official Japanese documents developed in English by the Ministry of Education, as well as many other documents, letters, Arabic and English theses, periodic both magazines and newspapers. The Arabic and Foreign books, researches and studies, and foreign encyclopedias have contributed so much to this thesis by providing valuable information
الملخص:
المصادر:

الداعي الاسماعيلي ناصر خسرو وعلاقته بالخلافة الفاطمية == The Ismaili Preacher Nasser Khosrow And Its Relationship To The Fatimid Caliphate

اسم المؤلف: ماجد حميد رشيد
اسم المشرف: غنية ياسر كباشي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Featuring Ismaili sect from the rest of the Islamic doctrines and preaching difference structure, organization and sophisticated. While disappeared advocacy organizations affiliated Islamic Umayyad teams during the two (40 - 132h / 660 - 749m) and Abbasid (132 - 656h / 749 - 1258m) led after the purpose of the establishment of a religious entity - a political difference to those groups, continued imams and preachers Ismailis to maintain this institution and the development of knowledge as the vital nerve of the doctrine, without which strengthened the call and continued survival.Whereas the Fatimid state had, on the basis of which the policy is intertwined with religion, to the extent that every political organization in this country, it was a reflection of the spirit of the Fatimid doctrine itself, until it became, believe an example of religious states in Islam, This invitation "was the backbone of this state, and the most important thing distinguishes itself from other Islamic regimes have looked to call a sacred institution and a religious duty practiced it faithfully and activity, and sought to power in order to be able to achieve this goal, safe and easy, they were looking at them It was a lot for them as an ideological weapon of the system.Caliph was the "imam" Fatimid chooses from among his supporters most powerful tongue, and believe them Jnana, and Olhnhm argument, and Ogzarhm note Vigolh in the position of calling for it following the status of the Imam of the confessional, relying in that much from any Holy Qur'an interpretation of the meaning (O prophet! Truly We have sent , thee s a witness , a Bearer of Gold Tidings , and Warner (45) And as one who invites to Allah (46) `s (grace) by His leave , and as a lamp spreading light) and any Holy Qur'an interpretation of the meaning (Invite (all) to the way of thy lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching , and argue with them in ways that are best and most gracious , for thy lord knoweth best , who have strayed from his path , and who receive guidance). That was our choice for the study of personality, "the Ismaili Nasser Khosrow (d. 481 AH / 1088 AD) and its relation to succession of the Fatimid" not to mention the ideological side "in the Fatimid state" as one of the Ismaili dignitaries, one talent evident owners in the political and religious messages field across the Fatimid call Aban Fatimid rule, in "the fifth century AH / atheist century AD" and who spent years of his life in the Caliph Al - Mustansir Billah "427 - 487h / 1036 - 1094m service." Preacher who is vested with a variety of tasks, administrative, diplomatic, religious, has arrived to the top of the shrine, an advocate and an argument Persia and Khorasan in the Fatimid invitation. The conduct of research was required to be having four classes led by an introduction, followed by a conclusion showed the most significant results, and proven sources and references that were adopted in the preparation of the message.The introduction : he mentioned the importance of the subject and the reasons for his choice, and the research plan and the approach that I walked it. Devoted the first chapter to the study of biography and scientific Nasser Khosrow, as touched upon in the first section to : the biography of his life (his name, lineage, his nickname, his birth, his family, and growing up, and his death), and in the second section of his travels, and in the third section touched on the scientific status, indicating the His printed and manuscript, and the views of the scientists. And I ran to the second chapter has dealt with the Ismaili da'wa in Khorasan in the fifth century AH / atheist century AD, has been included on the three sections, too, it was at the forefront of those detectives Ismaili da'wa in Khorasan during the era of Nasser Khosrow, and the second section preachers who Asarham Nasser Khosrow, The third chapter Achtmt Balambges assets Ismaili doctrine from the standpoint of calling for Nasser Khosrow. Then I ran to the third quarter, which was entitled calling Nasser Khosrow and its relation to succession of the Fatimid, it has included three sections, covered in the first section of succession Al - Mustansir Billah and the crown prince, and in the second section of Cairo in the era of Nasser Khosrow, and in the third section the offices of the state administration and fees and celebrations. And another classroom fourth quarter in which public life in Egypt dealt with through text Nasser Khosrow trip, which included a three axes , namely : First : Army, Navy , and secondly : economic conditions , and thirdly social conditions.The letter highlights the conclusion of the most important findings after a comprehensive study of the subject good and thorough study , also caused appendixes and appended a list of sources and references relied upon in keeping with the traditions of theses. It has faced several difficulties, in the forefront of all the works of Nasser Khosrow written by the Persian language, and did not stand on the interpreter of which only three books did not find enough male and adequate for the life of Nasser Khosrow in basic references and we had sometimes rely on modern references, which may be due burning processes for many of the books of Shiites in general, especially in the east and Ismailia practiced by many of the Islamic Orient rulers anti - Ismaili, the most prominent day ordeal Ismailia grand a year (331 AH / 942 AD) as well as what he has done Mahmud of Ghazni (361 - 421h / 971 - 1030m) as well as what he did to the Mongols the year (654 AH / 1256 CE). Historical descriptive approach was adopted based on the analysis of some of the information and criticism and comparing opinions, to get to the facts, has necessitated the nature of the study rely on a variety of historical resources and doctrinal and moral geography.
الملخص:
المصادر:

عبد الحسن زلزلة ودوره الاقتصادي والدبلوماسي == Abdul Hassan Zalzala Economic And Diplomatic Role

اسم المؤلف: لمى محمود رشيد العبيدي
اسم المشرف: عفراء عطا عبد الكريم الريس
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study deals with the character of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala as homage to this figure which has contributed in his intellectual role to confront the political and economic phenomena of the era following the monarchy (the republican era). This stage of history includes many of the political, economic and social events on the national and Regional levels. Among the negative phenomena which Abdul - Hassan Zalzala is putting the right solutions for the problems. That appeared in his economic proposition in relation to the financial economic aspect inherited from the monarchy regime. He focused on the relation of Iraq to the sterling zone and the effect of that on the political structure of the country. That person worked in the shades and was not concentrated on because of his nature and one side and the overwhelming of other people on the other. The study is divided into an introduction, a preface, four chapters and a conclusion. The Preface entitled “Abdul - Hassan Zalzala the Family upbringing and the social and intellectual character,” also which we tackled the cultural and intellectual composition. Chapter One traced the beginnings of the work of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala in the state of Iraq and his political attitudes in some of the internal issues. It includes a brief account of his work in Iraq and some of the attitudes towards the internal political issues. Chapter Two studies the propositions of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala in the structure of the Iraqi economy. It includes the relation of Iraq with the Sterling zone and the monetary opinions of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala. Chapter Three is devoted to the views of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala of the Arab economic integration and his intellectual products in the economic field. It includes the common Arab work and the chapter also shows the most outstanding writings of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala in the economic field. The study was concludes with Chapter Four by treating the activity of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala in the diplomatic career and his work in the Arab League. It includes the work of Abdul - Hassan Zalzala as an ambassador in Iran and Egypt and the Arab League 1976 - 1988. Abdul - Hassan Zalzala did not ignore in his opinions the Arab side and the burden on the political decision to condense the common Arab work and the development of the light of a comprehensive integrated imagining putting the national aims in the advance position, specially the interior developmental aim is the first obstacle for achieving the required development. He sees that when speaking about the Arab common integration, we should put in advance the efforts made to achieve this Arab common integration which did not become at best in the form of economic cooperation. It is very minor compared to the relations of the Arabs with the external world. The opinions and proposes of Abdul - Hassan Zazlala and his attitudes towards some of the political issues is undoubtedly represent reform course that represents solutions to these to say the least.
الملخص:
المصادر:

وزارة المعارف العراقية 1920 - 1958 : دراسة تاريخية == The Iraqi Ministry Of Knowledge 1920 - 1958 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: فلاح حسن كزار عباس
اسم المشرف: كريم مراد عاتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Ministry of education considered as one of important Iraqis' offices which formed in Iraq for the period 1920 - 1958, it's important was that it’s the only one that responsible about preparation and build generations , and support all state institutions and it's offices with the functional individual scientific and administrative , that reflect it'd scientific and civilized role and the range of progress of Iraq in both levels in internal & external.The study of ministry in it’s administrative sides in that period was not discussed in the other studies , which stimulate the researcher for study it, also the administrative sides for any ministry have the important which many of modern academic study concentrate on it, to know the structure organization of the ministries, from it's specialized offices and the officials that operated and their scientific and educational specialism, and how many wealth which assigned from public budgetary of state for it's scientific and administrated duty and that reflect the size of administrate development and other.The ministry have seen many administrative development , at the beginning with direct British occupation (1914 - 1921) , at the period (1914 - 1918), it's works relative with (incomings officials ) in Basra and Baghdad , on August 1918, it's become as establishment named as ( public knowing attendance), when Iraqi temporary kingdom has been established in 23 august 1921, it's been self - governing ministry when ministry of health has been separated, and know it's named as (Ministry of knowledge ) it still as that until the royal regime has been drop down on 14/July/1958. Offices whose managed this ministry development it's administrated works and continue with global growth has been founded in this field , specially form whose of them that have superior specialized certification, also they called for (international committee) for help in put plans that making the rising of it's works.The works that accepted from ministry have the clear role in put the first basis of acts and instructions for the Ministry of knowledge in Iraq , and establishment of natural foundations and specialized the work of ministry and it's officials , when we see the historical stage , the level of scientific progress and the general situation in the country
الملخص:
المصادر:

كتاب الجمل والنصرة لسيد العترة في حرب البصرة للشيخ المفيد (ت 413هـ/ 1022م) : دراسة تحليلية تاريخية == Camel And The Victory Of Mr. Strain In Basra War To The Sheikh Al - Mufied (D 413 AH/ 1022 AD) ((An Analytical Study))

اسم المؤلف: فائق محمد حسين الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: نعمة شهاب جمعة اليوسف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: well as the conclusion and a list of sources and references that Aolna in this study.• Boot biography of Sheikh useful and ensure that, his name, his nickname , his birth , lineage , and death as well as his children and that presents for the first time in modern academic studies.• Chapter One : Under was titled doctrinal views about the allegiance of the faithful Meer Ali bin Abi Talib • Chapter Two : historical novels was under heading out on the Caliph Uthman.• Chapter III : Historical Almruyat for the Battle of the Camel.• In the final conclusion, which includes the most prominent findings and a list of sources and references, and summary in English. The Yes of God for this religion that he raised him in every age range of scientists and dignitaries from Mashra virtuous so late, Vohassanoa Madarsthm and built bases , and left us with an enormous wealth and great heritage , Anbthaga to its sources , the purest and its tributaries. Of these extraordinary , Sheikh useful ( 413 AH / 1022 AD) , may God rest his soul and make paradise resting place , which is aware of the flags of centuries fourth and fifth Hijri and one of the leaders of his time , as one of the men who excelled in science and classification throughout the years of his life. It is an excellent choice with the help of Dr. Nehme Shihab was I faced some difficulties as any student looking at the subject and especially as it combines the science of history and learned men of modern science because this led me to refer to the many specialized in these three Knowledge and other sources is not easy to master , who is running experience student academic research for the first time in his life, and with all the grace of God has been able to overcome the difficulties in the curriculum and resources and with the help of my teacher and supervisor wise direction. Has necessitated the need for this letter is organized with an introduction and preface, three chapters and a conclusion , and here it should be noted that this division is inspired by the book (the sentences and the victory of Mr. strain in Basra War) as Analysis of sources : This study, like other academic studies relied on a large number of sources, references and research that were distributed among the different fields in history, local history or in the translations and biography or geographical books and travel literature as well as modern references The following presentation and analysis of a summary of the most important sources and references that were It has a clear impact for the preparation of this letter : - • General history books : It is books that are meant to take the flag campaign and others in the country as a book (the date of the Apostles and the Kings), to Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir (d. 310 AH / 922 AD), in which historical events show, the book (the history of the city of Damascus (for Sakba, Abu Kassim Ali Bin Hassan Ben God's gift to bin Abdullah Shafi'i (d. 571 AH / 1175 AD) has served us so much Vengda encyclopedia in the history of the Islamic civilization has reviewed the conduct of men and women also, who emerged fields of public life, particularly in science, knowledge, and the book (regular in the history of the kings and the UN), to Ibn al, Abu Faraj Abdul Rahman bin Mohammed bin Ali (d. 597 AH / 1200 AD) and the book "full of history" to Ibn al - Athir (d. 630 AH / 1232 AD) there is no doubt being a Guinness in Islamic history.• genealogy books : We based our knowledge of the lineages of some scientists and their assets, including book (genealogy), of heard me, Dad Said Abdul Karim bin Mohammed al - Tamimi (d.562 AH / 1166 AD) and book (the pulp in the refining lineages), the son of ether, Abul Hassan Ali bin Abi Karam Mohamed Bin Mohammed bin Abdel - Karim al - Shaibani (d.630AH/1232 AD).• Geographic wrote : The geography books that enriched the various search information, whether concerned with the nomination of the city or location, including a book "Dictionary of countries," authored by Sapphire Hamwi (d. 626 AH / 1228 AD), which is a record of many historians, geographers who came after him. Note that we relied on a variety of other sources for Aasa numerous to mention in this introduction also enlisted some modern references that did not have a key role in building the structure of the messageFinally, the perfect God Almighty alone, and we praise and thank him for what we have from grace in writing this letter , I ask God to guide our steps and bless us in our humble service of science that he listens and responds
الملخص:
المصادر:

تجارة الرقيق في شرق افريقيا والخليج العربي (1820 - 1914) == The Slave Trade In East Africa And The Arabian Gulf 1820 - 1914

اسم المؤلف: فادية جمعة اسماعيل العبادي
اسم المشرف: احمد عبد الواحد عبد النبي الحلفي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Slavery knew since ancient times, its age estimated as long as history, its treatment varied from people to another, and Islam came and found slavery vested in the social and economic entity, it did not canceled at once, but rather sought to drain its resources and the expansion of its banks, and slavery was known in the African continent, which was spending the each other, and the Arabs knew the African slavery and traded it on a small scale, but the expansion of trade is done by Europeans in the modern ages through their geographically discovery which leads them to the African continent , so they have to trade slavery for four centuries, and the slave trade increased after the discovery of America.The West worked in the slave trade in West Africa, while the Arabs worked in the east of the continent, and what increased the Arab needs at the beginning of the 19th century is to plant the cloves trees and the increased need to the working labor, and the Arabs used the internal roads to get to the center of the continent and bring slave to the coastal areas in the east of Africa, Zanzibar became the main center of the slave trade, and then transferred it to the Arabic Gulf.Britain tried to prohibit that trade Olive to human causes, while the prohibition not for that reason as it says, but to extend its control and influence over the region, and to protect its economic and political interests, as well as to fight the French influence and to prevent its spread in the Arabic Gulf and East Africa, and to hit and weaken the Omani coast tribes and weaken the denominators, and dismantling of the African - Arab sultanate. In spite of the Britain procedures to prevent the slave trade and the abolition of slavery later, but the trade continued until the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, but there are documents that confirm the continuation of trade until the forties of the 20th century through smuggling.And required nature of the subject is divided into an introduction and preliminary and four chapters and a conclusion, according to historical research methodology, turning in the boot to the definition of slavery and the historical dimension of slavery, servitude, slave conditions and their treatment, and enslavement methods. The first chapter it has meant the impact of geographic interdependence between East Africa and the Arabian Gulf and its role in the development of trade between them, and the impact of geographic explorations in the European slave trade, chapter II focused on the role of Zanzibar in the growth of the slave trade and its role as a Center for the slave trade between the Interior of the continent's coastal and Gulf sources. internal and external trade and slave track, markets, prices, and the volume of the slave trade , And economic viability, as well as the work of slaves, and the role of the Indian community in the slave trade, The third chapter was devoted to the study of British policy in the fight against the slave trade in the Arabian Gulf and East Africa in the first half of the nineteenth century. And the fourth and final chapter of Britain's role in the total abolition of the slave trade and slavery in the second half of the th century.
الملخص:
المصادر:

موقف الامم المتحدة من العراق خلال حربي الخليج الاولى والثانية 1980 - 1993م == Thesis Title The United Nations Attitude Towards Iraq In The First And Second Gulf War (1980 - 1893)

اسم المؤلف: عمر عناد حمود
اسم المشرف: فواز مطر نصيف
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study contains an introduction, an introductory chapter and four chapters followed and a list of sources and seferences. The first chapter entitled : the situation of the united nations regarding traq during the first Gulf war (1980 - 1993 ). It discussed the events and developments of the first gulf war and the resulting decisions issued by the security council to deal with these decisions, it discussed the situation of the permanent members within the international organization, it sheds light on the decision No. (589) issued in 1987.The second chapter : the private interests of the permanent members of the security council and its impact on the united nations " decisions regarding the first gulf war". The chapter also discusswd the political, economic and military interests and the private goals of the five permanent members of the security council and its impact on the united nations decisions concerning the first gulf war and the five permanent member countries attempt to exploit its influence within the organization to achieve its goals.The third chapter : the situation of the united nations regarding Iraq since Kuwait invasion and until cease - fire decision ( 1980 - 1991 ). It discusses the events and developments of the second gulf war since the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on the second of august 1990 and the resulting decisions issues by the security council to deal with these events until the security council decision no. (687 ) of ceasing fire.The fourth chapter : international sanctions and their impact on the demarcation of the Iraq - Kuwait borders ( 1990 - 1993 ). It discusses the international sanctions issued by the security council against Iraq in accordance with its decisions scince the decision (661) passing the decisions of building safe areas in north and south Iraq and reparations imposed on it and the impact of these sanctions on the Iraq people and the process of demarcation of the Iraq - Kuwait broders, according to Security Council decision No.(833) issued in 1988.Several resources have been adopted in the study : Published and unpublished documents, a variety of arab and foreign studies on the same subject of the study, in addition to a number of arab and foreign reviews publications.We cannot see the situation and the behavior of the united nations Iraq as a normal and regular one, the united nations of the first and second gulf war containment have witnessed different situations regarding Iraq.Its space and timid interval in the first gulf war reflects a state of negligence towards a major regional crisis and allowed it to continue for eight connecting years until the security council issued the decision no.These factors overlapped and produced reactions and movements which seem to be contradictory during the two wars if we assumed that the United Nations has a free decision, which was proved to be not free one by the movement of the permanent member countries. What makes the UN interval into Iraq and special thing guring the two Gulf wars is that fully achieved its goals despite the suffering that the Iraqi people had witnessed.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الاراء الاقتصادية في كتاب المسند للامام زيد بن علي (عليه السلام) (122هـ/739م) == The Economic Opinions In The Book Of Al - Musnad By Imam Zaid Ben Ali (Peace Be Upon Him) (122 AH / 739 AC)

اسم المؤلف: عمر سعدون حمود
اسم المشرف: مقتدر حمدان عبد المجيد الكبيسي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the economic and financial aspects of important and distinctive in the life of human societies at different ages and times studies, has expressed his Islamic religion widespread attention to economic issues and financial transactions that regulate the relationship of man with Bari (the Almighty), what should be done from the duties and what should be left taboo this is emphasized by the Shari'a and tried to sow in the hearts of Muslims. In this sense it excelled scholars and scientists Muslims to the classification of books that have had a clear impact in highlighting the Islamic economic approach and address the economic issues that have had impact in the Muslim individual structure and then the structure of society.Among these scholars Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) who has dedicated his life to the right and to serve humanity and the reform of society when the solution in which injustice and tyranny through the takeover of the Umayyad most of the economic resources of the state, so is the book (Musnad) forward Zaid bin Ali (Peace be Upon Him), (Tel : 122 e / 739 m), one of the important doctrinal and rare books in that period, namely the period of the beginning of the era of blogging, which dealt with through the issues and questions of financial and economic transactions that were practiced in the Islamic state markets.I have tried through this study to identify the economic and financial views in a book (Musnad) forward Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) has been reached : - 1 - The book Musnad of important doctrinal books that dealt with many economic and financial issues in Islamic law and which are indispensable for every urge in this area.2 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) accurate and trustworthy and sincere remembrance of the bond when he was mentioned conversations sometimes was little talk Bkdhirh Sindh from the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and his family) and sometimes for the faithful Ali bin Abi Talib (Peace be Upon Him).3 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) jurist and pious individual Mstenbta provisions legitimacy so he was answering some doctrinal issues that arise upon an armrest to the Book of Allah (God) and the Sunnah of the Prophet (Allah bless him and his family).4 - became a disciple of Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) at the hands of his father, Imam Zainal Abidin (Peace be Upon Him) and his brother Imam Baqir (Peace be Upon Him) and senior scholars of the city in that period and a student of his hands dozens of Islamic sons doctrines, especially the Imam Abu Hanifa (may Allah have mercy on him).5 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the principle of social solidarity in the Islamic economic thought through the premise of Zakat when cited verse 60 of Surah Repentance, and how Islam addressed the issue of poverty and the right of both the poor and the poor and workers to collect Zakat.6 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to charity and charity - Fitr on relatives (a womb) and replace him sadaqah is not permissible for him. The stresses (Peace be Upon Him) to charity password and their reward with Allah (God).7 - raised Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) to an important issue, but it does not Zakat in women's Costume whether what she is wearing or paid in, as he was not focused on Zakat in gems like Durr and rubies, pearls and all that comes out of the sea.8 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) on the important provisions of the legitimacy and expressed her great interest in his book (Musnad) provisions which have a significant impact on the economic and financial transactions of Islamic society. He referred to the provisions of the loan and mortgage company and to the divine and the snapshot and leasing, deposit, including detailed provisions and explained its importance and usefulness in economic deal on the principle of Islamic Sharia law.9 - Treated Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) issue of five Booty and shamrock and Alglul and select their amounts and how it was spent in Islamic law derived from the Book of Allah and the Sunnah.10 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the types of agricultural land controlled by the Islamic State of Arab and defined quality : decimal land and the land of Foreign Affairs. He stressed the legality of the farmer because of the investment of agricultural land and the conditions of the farmer and his views were his own in it.11 - The Imam Zaid (Peace be Upon Him) the provisions of the sales and earnings Muslim usury and exchange between the right of the sales that were in circulation in Islam and warned sales corrupt and Terminator them legally, which should not be practiced by Muslims.
الملخص:
المصادر:

النشاط الصناعي في مصر الفاطمية (358 - 567 هـ / 969 - 1171م) == Industrial Activities In Fatimid Egypt ( 358 - 567 H / 969 - 1171 M )

اسم المؤلف: علي نصيف جاسم علو التميمي
اسم المشرف: سامي حمود الحاج جاسم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study is one of the most important and modest branches of historical knowledge for it is one of the most prominent aspects of Economic Activity. That historians and researchers ignored longly. In addition to that, most of the studies of Fatimid Egypt focuse on Political and Military Studies that exhaust most of the efforts. While we find that studies related to industrial activities are rare and mostly are quotations found here and there within the general researches and books that treat the history the Fatimid State. The Fatimid State period in the Egyptian Islamic history is considered one of the most important and flourishing periods of the Egyptian history in general because it witnessed important civilizational developments that changed the history in different aspects of life. Egypt has become really independent for a period of time of more than two centuries from the Abbasid Stade in Baghdad. It has become the center of the Shia Khaliphate that competes with the the Abbasid State. This of course has lead to speed up of the economical development because the resources of Egypt have been spent inside Egypt and not as has been always shared with the Capital Baghdad before the Fatimid era. This period of time participates in a good part of the development of the economic development in Egypt. It really gives us a vivid picture of the important aspects of the Egyptian Islamic history. Despite the fact that this period has been studied with focus but it still needs more especially for the industrial activities that characterizes this era. From this point comes the motivation for a study of this aspect (The Industrial Activities in Fatimid Egypt 358 - 567 A.H./ 969 - 1171 A.D.). The choice of this subject relays upon two reasons : the first one is that the research period is more than two centuries and consists of a big share of the Economic History of Fatimid Egypt, while the second is that the subject has never been studied separately in a way that covers all aspects of life specially industry. Therefore after dependence on Almighty God I have made the decision of introducing a study that covers all aspects of the industrial activities in Fatimid Egypt. The difficulties faced by the subject are the shortage in historical references and resources, for most of the resources as has been mentioned, deal with political, military and social aspects and not economy. Another issue that the researcher wants to refer to is the lack of balance between the number of pages of the chapters because of the differences in the availability of resources. According to the requirements of the research it has been divided into an introduction, a preface, four chapters and an epilogue that contains the most important conclusions that the research finds in addition to appendices, and references. The preface consists of three points : the first is related to industry and profession linguistically and idiomatically and the difference between industry and profession. The second point deals with the indications of both industry and profession in the Holy Quran and how the Holy Quran urges for work. The third point shows the importance of industry and profession in Islam and the prophets' industries and professions according to the Sunna and Ahlulbeit (PBUH) sayings. Chapter one is entitled (Factors that have helped to development and prosperity of industry in Fatimid Egypt). The chapter consists of three aspects : the first is the security aspect and consists of two parts : first securing the boarders with other states like Nobah and BiladulSham and facing challenges like Qaramita and the Turkish movement of Aftakin, as well as the elimination of Interior revolutions and insurgencies like Abu Rawah, Luatah Arabs, and Kanzuldawlah revolutions, while the second part deals with security services presented to citizens like professionals and tradesmen security and monitoring the markets. The religious aspect consists also of two parts : the first is Islamic tolerance with the Copts and the people of disclosure by the Fatimid caliphs, while the second part is related to commercial installations and facilities created by the Fatimid state to support industrial and craft professionals and merchants for their business practice and the conduct of their products such as Alkiesr, hotels, agencies, and stores and other facilities set up by the state. It provided the security and stability for the people of Trades and Crafts and traders both for those coming from outside the country or from within. As for the economic side it has included five parts : the first part is how the Fatimid state has worked to address the economic crisis that was experienced by Egypt since the year (352 AH / 963 AD), which lasted for three years. While the second part deals with Agriculture and Irrigation. The third was for livestock. Part IV deals with providing the necessary raw materials for various industries, as a metal, gold, silver, emeralds, alum and Nitrite, oil, timber and the like. The fifth deals with the monetary system in the Fatimid era, which includes dinar and the dirham and the Fils. The second chapter focused on the types of industries in Fatimid Egypt and its evolution, this chapter has been divided into two main aspects, the former devoted to the study of basic industries in Fatimid Egypt, as industry textile and food industry types and industry of soap, wax and Industry of Sparkling wines and other food industries, as well as the metallurgical industry as the industry of iron, copper and ivory, mosaics and timber industry, ships, glass, crystal, porcelain, paper - making and binding and leather goods, perfumes and medicines, and the arms industry. The second aspect in which we have considered the secondary industries, which include the popular industries and crafts Statistics that everyone needs to in their daily lives, as an industry and a few baskets, ropes and burlap, and other industries and crafts. The third chapter dealt with industrial and craft communities in Fatimid Egypt, where the correlation of the people of the industrial and craft markets sects in addition to regulations and fees that were imposed by the Fatimid state on those markets. This chapter also includes organizations craftsmen and artisans, it states these organizations initiated by the baseline, a boy and then a manufacturer and Usta "teacher" Captain "Captain sect" At the summit, there were both industrial and professional range head or official in charge known as the "Sheikh of the sect". It also deals with traditions that are controlled in the industrial and craft communities, as we talk about the close connection between the place of residence of industrial and craft activities, and at the end of this chapter comes to deal with the production and sale of goods. The fourth chapter is titled calculation and calculated (AlMuhtasib WalHisbah) and their role in the supervision and control of the industry in Fatimid Egypt. It also consists of two parts : The first comes to know the calculation Hisbah linguistically and idiomatically, and its importance in the Holy Quran and Sunnah and origins and evolution, then Mahzbo the Fatimid era, their deputies and their aides, and place of their council and their clothes and fashion. The second part has been allocated to mention the economic role of Mohtasib in Fatimid Egypt, such as his role and his aides in the supervision and control of markets and shops as well as other jobs in the health, social, moral and religious aspects, concluding this chapter by talking about the sanctions imposed on violators by the Mohtasib and his aides. In conclusion, I hope that I have been able to fulfill the requirements of writing this dissertation asking Almighty God the help and guidance.
الملخص:
المصادر:

المواقف السياسية للبدريين بعد وفاة رسول الله (صلى عليه واله وسلم) الى نهاية العصر الراشدي == Political Stances For Badraiyn After The Death Of The Messenger Of Allah " Mohammed "(Peace Upon Him) Till End Of Al - Rashidi Era

اسم المؤلف: علي محمود حاجم المالكي
اسم المشرف: نعيم دنيان عبيد الغراوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the history has not been regarded as thinking in the past that blocked the reality and its questions , but rather it has been considered as an introduction to build the selfness and to achieve change and renaissance. The history , to implement that goal should depend on a set of factors including the deep understanding of the history and balanced vision for the past. Actually, we do not bear responsibility of what others did ,but what they did formed a strong base for any new activity. Reading the history and leading the same way others has led , provide important lessons having to be considered , as Allah Said in Quran " Have not they walked on earth and see how was the consequence of those preceded them”. Of those people were 'Badryun" who formed a significance in the Islamic history and that reached to holiness among most of Muslims. This holiness gets from their prestige via defending the religion in the battle of "Badr". The Islamic History in all its phases endowed with outstanding stages led to important results, of those stages is the battle of "Badr" in the second year of immigration. This stage has been considered as a decisive one where Muslims appeared strong that bewildered Quraish and others who were enemy to Islam and that they should re - considered their instance toward Islam. Due to victories "Badr" achieved , the Badryun became and represented the basic base for Muslims at that time. "The Badryun" that represented a huge significance in the Islamic history reached to holiness stage among many Muslims , but they had been considered as a justice hugely adhered to legislative measures the Islamic religion called for. This holiness got from their prestige that clearly reflected in their defense their religion in the Battle of " Badr". The idea of circulating theory of justice of fellows has been started and the goal behind this circulation was to make the justification a convinced one to have " Maawya Bin Abi Sufyn" ascend "'Caliphs". This theory makes " Maawya Bin Abi Sufyn" equal to fellows of the messenger "Muhammad" (Peace upon him) despite his prestige and rank and despite "Maawya 's violations. The historic reality indicated that " Maawya Bin Abi Sufyn" had become " Caliphate " for Mulsims where many "Badryun" are still alive.This is naturally that the political benefit necessitates to circulate the idea to have all fellows justice
الملخص:
المصادر:

مدينة غزنة : دراسة جغرافية تاريخية (334 - 617 هـ / 945 - 1220م) == Ghazni City Historical Geography Study (334 - 617 AH / 945 - 1220 AD)

اسم المؤلف: علي عبد المحسن راشد
اسم المشرف: ناجي حسن هادي الموسوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of cities in the Islamic countries gains a great benefit as it demonstrates their roles and effects on all fields of life, such as religious, political, social or scientific and shows their statues in the world. Studying cities lately in the twentieth century interested researchers who thoroughly studied cities typography and their architecture buildings which help finding out other aspects of the cities and their development.Therefore the researcher opted to study the city Ghazni by a study entitled (Ghazni City : A Geo - Historical Study 334 H/617 AD). The study covers the city geographically, historically, politically and scientifically. The reason behind choosing Ghazni, which was among the first cities conquered by pioneer men of Islam, is its importance because of : 1 - It's important location in the Islamic eastern part, Sajistan in Afghanistan which borders India. From Ghazni Muslims launched their conquests towards the region of Sind and the other parts of India. Ghaznavids had the greatest role in spreading Islam to India launching their conquests from Ghazni, until the Ghurids came and concluded the conquests and stabilized the foundations of Islam there.2 - Being a juncture of trade roads among the cities of Khorasan and Persia and the cities of Sajistan and India. It was prosperous in trade and its citizens were wealthy.3 - Its role in science and the contributions of Ghaznavids in enriching Islamic sciences and spreading Islamic civilization in India.It is worth mentioning that the researcher encountered difficulty in finding resources, particularly Persian one that deal with Ghazni. However, this didn't hinder the researcher from fulfilling this study. The study is divided into three chapters as well as appendices. Chapter one is a geographic study to the city of Ghazni; its location, borders and cities surrounding it as well as its economic activities, social sects, plans and the most prominent civilization sites and villages.Chapter two discusses with the political life of the city of Ghazni. It shows the political situation in the city in (334H/617AD) and the nations ruled it; Samanids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids and Khawarismis, as well as mentioning the nature of power of each nation, the transition of poweramong these nations, how did they took power, reasons behind this, and fall of each and the reasons, Sultans and Emirs who ruled it.Chapter three discusses the scientific situation of Ghazni, the embrace of scientists by Sultans. It also mentions teaching centers and sciences studied in Ghazni whether intellectual or material as well as scientists.In the conclusion the researcher includes what outcomes the study has arrived at.
الملخص:
المصادر:

المنهج التاريخي عند مصنفي الفهارس الرجالية الشيخ منتجب الدين الرازي (ت 585هـ) انموذجا == The Historical Approach For The Writers Of Biography Books Sheikh Muntajabaldeen Al - Razi (585 AH ) As A Model

اسم المؤلف: علي عباس نسيم الوائلي
اسم المشرف: سامي حمود الحاج جاسم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Islamic Sharia depends in great part in its principles - especially those imposed by Allah Almighty on his creatures - on worshipping. The last one depends on the principle of the good and the bad which Allah only knows and has determines to reform the condition of the people in life and hereafter. This is called worship. Islam has left a great space for man to ponder depending on his taste to see the good and the bad, and the right from the wrong, and has left him free in many of his behaviors that have no effect in the interests. This is called the permissible things. Attaining the knowledge of the stipulate principlesdepends on two important sources : the holy Quran and the Sunna taken from the narrators which is the hadith of Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) and his caliphs. The narrators are the human means who inform us the divine codes, from whom we take and apply them. Therefore, we should be confident that what they have given us is the right thing. On that basis the science of Almalrijal (biography) was founded. Many books were written in that basis like the book of Al - fahares, the treatise of Al - Razzi, the biographies of al - Kishi, fihrist Al - sheikh al - Toussi. During the last decade the academic studies tackled in the higher studies for the departments of history some of the books of the imamate history which is rarely studies in other histories.The importance of this study is in being a study of the approach of biography, which is (Al - fahares) which had not been studies. That gives the thesis an originality. The thesis consisted of the following Davidsons and subdivisions : Chapter One tackles the meaning of firistand the sincerity of the narrator in determine the meaning of the sheikhs of Ejiaza , sheikh of narration. Then we defined the arts which we come up with.The second inquiry is about the narrators and the codntion of justice in their documentation, we also studied their private and general documentation. Chapter Two tackled the approaches of the fahares with a review of the first fahares. We displayed in the first inquiry the meaning of the approach and the method of conveying the information for the writers. The second inquiry tackles the study of eight old fahares which one of the materials that are in our hands. Chapter one of the second inquiry tackle in its first inquiry the biography of Al - skiekh al - MuntajabAldeenAlrazzi displaying important aspects of life, especially the scientific biography. The second inquiry tackles the environment in which he al - MuntajabAldeenAlrazzi lives.The second inquiryof the first Chapter tackles the environment in which Muntajab AldeenAlrazzi lived, i.e. the city of Ray, displaying the hsitorym geography economy and politics.Chapter two tackled the study of the fihrist of Al - Muntajab Aldeen Alrazzi study of the importance.The Conclusion includes the ideas resulted from the study. Then a list of references and resources and an abstract in English.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الرسول الكريم وعترته الطاهرون (عليهم السلام) في مصنفات ابن تيميه : دراسة تحليلية مقارنة == The Glorious Prophet And His Etra (P) In The Classifications Of Ibn Taymiya - A Comparative, Analytical Study

اسم المؤلف: علي ابراهيم عبيد الجميلي الموسوي (البصير)
اسم المشرف: سامي حمود الحاج جاسم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This Ph. D. dissertation is divided into four parts. The first part is titled (Ibn Taymiya in his true image). It contains three chapters, the first of which is titled (His social and scientific biography). The second chapter focuses on (The features of his time). It is divided into two main essays; the first of which is titled (His political and social time). The second essay is titled (His intellectual and religious time). The third chapter studies (His style with the others and the opinions of scientists about him). It contains two essays; the first of which is about the style of Ibn Taymiya with the others. The second essay is about the opinions of scientists about him. First, the opinions of those who praised and supported him are cited. Then the opinions of those who opposed and criticized him are cited. The second part is titled (The biography of the prophet (P) in the heritage of Ibn Taymiya). It includes four chapters, the first of which is titled (Ibn Taymiya's position towards the characteristics of the prophet (p)). The second chapter is titled (Ibn Taymiya's position towards the shrines of the propher (P)). The thirds chapter is titled (Ibn Taymiya's Offences towards the prophet of Allah (P)). The fourth chapter is titled (Ibn Taymiya's opinions about some of the Hadeeth quoted from the Prophet).The third part is titled (Biography of the Prince of the believers Imam Ali Bin Abi Talib in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). It is divided into three chapters, the first of which is titled (Ibn Taymiya's position towards some of the Ayat of Quran which praise the prince of the believers). The second chapter shows (Ibn Taymiya's position towards the narrations praising the prince of believers). The third chapter discusses (What events Ibn Taymiya denied in relation to the prince of believers (P) until his martyrdom).The fourth part is titled (Biography of the holy lady Fatima Al - Zahraa and her infallible sons in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). It is divided into three chapters, the first of which is titled (Biography of the holy lady and her two noble sons in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). The second chapter illustrates (The biographies of the guiding Imams in the classifications of Ibn Taymiya). This chapter focused on four of the guiding imams; Imam Zain Al - Abideen Ali Bin Al - Hussein, Imam Mohammed Bin Ali Al - Baqir, Imam Jaafar Bin Mohammed Al - Sadiq, and Imam Mousa Bin Jaafar Al - Kadhim (P). The final chapter in this part shows the opinions of Ibn Taymiya towards the rest of the guiding Imams, starting with Imam Ali Bin Mousa Al - Ridha, then Imam Mohammed Al - Jawad, and his son Imam Ali Al - Hadi, his grandson, Imam Hassan Al - Askari, and concluding with the Imam of the age (may Allah precipitate his relief). This dissertation reached a number of conclusions, foremost among them : 1 - One of the main reasons for the extremism of Ibn Taymiya and his stray is the political, social and environmental conditions in which he lived. Those conditions had a negative effect on his personality, in addition to what he suffered as a result of not having any tribal ties. Nobody was able to find out his tribe, even those closest to him. His most known name, Ibn Taymiya, attributes him to a woman on whom there are no known facts to illustrate her personality, position and role. 2 - The opinions of Ibn Taymiya and his ideas show a clear disturbance in his personality, as he did not agree with any scientist of his time. In fact, he disagreed with all the scientists who preceded him, including those of his own Hanbali sect, and their Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal. The severity of disagreement with others led to the issue of prison sentences against him a number of times. 3 - In all of his opinions, there was not a trace of a scientific advancement or contribution to any field. Instead, his opinions clearly reflected a similarity, if not a match, to those of the Kharijites. He would attack his opponents with curses, name calling, and foul language. Then he would revile them as infidels, and confiscates their lives, families, and wealth. His fanatic opinions had a distinctive effect on some of the people. They were influenced by his opinions in a way that distorted the features of the Islamic religion. 4 - The opinions of Ibn Taymiya lacks the simplest elements of a scientific opinion. They were not built on sound scientific foundations. They only matched his whims. He would support a certain theory at some time, only to contradict it at other when the conditions of the time and trends change. That goes for his positions towards other scientists; he would support them when he agrees with them, and attacks them when he disagrees. 5 - The most distinctive feature in the heritage of extremism and hatred of Ibn Taymiya is his vile animosity towards the prophet and his descendants. He strayed from the general trend of the nation, by contradicting every praise and miracle that were ever mentioned about the prophet's family.
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المصادر:

الاحوال العامة للاكراد في المشرق 132 - 565هـ / 749 - 1258م == General Conditions For Kurds In The Orient (132 - 656A.H\749 - 1258A.C)

اسم المؤلف: علاء حبيب عبد العذاري
اسم المشرف: كاظم ستر خلف العلاق
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of the history of peoples to know the political, economic, social and scientific studies of their situations that are difficult to access them, because of the uncertainty surrounding it and overlap with neighboring clans.There is no doubt that the Kurdish people have been playing an important role on the overall events, as a human species that inhabited the Muslim Levant.It differed greatly in determining the areas of their presence in this region (Mashreq), which are difficult to quantify the different Albuldanyen in drawing boundaries, so it was the Kurds who are in different forms in terms of well - traveled areas, and just as likely in other.Our study has focused them on multitude areas, due to the clarity of the civil features in terms of stability.The limits of our study them within the area bounded by the south of Armenia and even the boundaries of the country beyond the river without crossing.Researchers made no mention of this region clearly, but previous studies determined certain city, where Kurds Ooomarh presence, such as a study researcher Hossam El Din Naqshbandi City Aldeanor, study researcher Riad al - Zubaidi, the emirate Al - husnoah.This thesis consisted of six chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion and supplements.The first chapter discusses : the historical origins of the Kurds in the Orient, and was on the three sections, the first taking him to nominate the Kurds and the origin of the label, as well as eating the difference in the origin of the Kurds.The second topic addressed the geographical distribution of the Kurds in the Levant saying they are the areas, while the third section devoted to learn the language of the Kurds and their religion, the Islamic conquests of the Levant.The second chapter : dedicate the contributions of political and administrative Kurds in the Orient, and was the first of it Section eat ambitious Abu Muslim political Khorasani, while the second section may display the UAE, which created the Kurds in the Levant, and the third section dealt with the study of the contributions of administrative Kurds.The third chapter : to show the contributions of military Kurds, as well as their participation in the opposition movements of the Abbasid Caliphate, was on the three sections, the first taking him to accredited to the Kurdish military regime, while touched second section the military for their contributions and their relationships with the UAE their neighboring countries, and it was the third section has allocated to find out contributions to the Kurds in the opposition movements.The fourth chapter handled the economic conditions of the Kurds in the Orient, and was on the three sections, the first of it dealt with agricultural activity and livestock, while the second section allocated for industrial activity, was Conclusion Chapter III Section, which touched on the commercial activity of the Kurds.The fifth chapter : to give us a clear picture of the social life of the Kurds in the Levant across three sections, we dealt with it layers of the Kurdish community, and the place of women in it, as well as the religious doctrines deployed in their country, while the second section Vtm the study of public life for the Kurds, and it was the third is dedicated to find out the mostimportant customs and traditions that were prevalent in the Kurdish community.Finally, chapter six : life science for the Kurds in the Orient, the first section dealt with the prosperity of the scientific movement factors, while the second section devoted to the scientific contributions to the Kurds in the field of religious studies, while the third section Vtm know their contributions in the field of language and humanities.
الملخص:
المصادر:

ال حمويه الجويني ودورهم السياسي والعلمي في مصر والشام في القرنين السادس والسابع الهجريين == Al Hamaweh Al Jweni And Their Political And Scientific Role In Egypt And Levant In The Six And Seven Centuries A.H A Study Of The Essenion Community

اسم المؤلف: علاء حامد احمد محمود
اسم المشرف: مشتاق كاظم عاكول المياحي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: We saw the Levant and Egypt during the sixth and seventh centuries AD upswing in the scientific movement, and this activity led to the delegations of many of the Senate and science students who accuse the supply of science, especially after scientists DAI with great interest by the sultans and princes in the Levant and Egypt became their status and a great degree of high - have, especially after the Levant saw a semblance of stability in a state of Nur ad - Din and Saladin, is the science flights of the most important factors that help the activity and prosperity of the country to attract many of the learners, most of the elders who move between Islamic countries were hold boards of scientific and workshops, and was among the senators who came from the Islamic Orient to the Levant Imad Eddin Omar bin febrile year (564 AH / 1168 AD) and his son Mohammed, Prince Nur al - Din Mahmoud Zangi has honored him and assigned him the position of Sheikh Sufi sheikhs, even this has become Family great prestige of sophistication including notorious for its science and knowledge and became an active role in the revitalization of intellectual movement in the Levant and Egypt, then it soon this family that entered in the political and the diplomatic corps Vtoloa Study diplomatic embassies in the Ayyubid era fair King Mohammed full and his son, Then they turn away military positions and Adhawwa leaders and warlords and armies of soldiers, and took control the Sultanate administration, until it reached their case that consulted in the inauguration of some Ayyubid sultans, and adopted them sultans, princes Ayyubid heavily in various military and political fields.Busy and some members of the family in the scientific aspects more than the political aspects even ended up to authorship, classification and became her prestige in the Muslim communities in the Levant, Egypt and the rest of the country Islamic.The reasons that led me to write on this subject, there were several things to choose the subject.1. Statement of the original home and the society in which it was formed this family, and the statement of its position in the new society that has moved him in the Levant and Egypt.2. Clarify the role played by the family of febrile Jouini in the political, military and intellectual aspects in the Levant and Egypt during the sixth and seventh centuries AD.3. The lack of an integrated study of the achievements of febrile Jouini family, and stand on the details of those achievements that characterized it.4. After reviewing the most of what has been said about this family in most sources and references, and found it worthy of a study that examines the life of this and the impact of scientific, political and military family, according to a scientific Platform correct
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