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النزاعات الداخلية في المغرب في عصر الدولة الموحدية 541 - 668 هـ / 1147 - 1269م == Internal Conflicts In The Maghreb Of State Al Mohad : 541 - 668Ah/1147 - 1269 AD

اسم المؤلف: عصام عبد حمود عبد الله المرعاوي
اسم المشرف: بديع محمد ابراهيم الكربولي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Muslim world has with nessed throughout its history many countries have at home different aims and circumstances of its inception and its founders, these. Countries appeared necessary to save the Islamic nation from being lost, such as zingid and ayyubid states also featured other countries was the reason for the weakness of the Islamic nation and distract unity.Maghreb region has witnessed the states have a roiein spreading Islamic in the Maghreb and achieving Islamic unity to restore the prestige weakness of the Abbasid state the state Almoravid in in the Maghreb in fluence in the installation of the Islamic presence, while other countries emerged was the reason for the weakness of the Islamic nation. The Mohad dynasty tried to Islamic caliphate be strong instead of caliphs in the Abbasid and Fatimid states, and tried to lead the muslims in the IslamicMaghreb but the canses of Vulnerability entered. The Almohad dynasty shorty after to get to know the nature and causes of conflicts that tore apart the state Almohad and its impact on political life in the Islamic Maghreb chose the title of my thesis.Cinternal conflicts the Maghreb in an era of state the Almohad (541 - 668 AH/ 1147 - 1269 AC) the study included an introduction and preface four chapters and a conclusion the first chapter was the ALMohad dynasty and the extension of its rule to Anddlnsia. It has been divided into three sections. The first section of the definition of the Al Mohad and upbringing and his trip and his meeting with abdul Momin and debate with Al Moravides scientists. the second topic was to organize the AlMohad dynasty and the beging of the conflict with the AlMoravides, and control of the ALmahadis of Maghreb and Andalus and third topic to study cross AlMohades Andalus and their control over same areas. Chapter II included the conflict between AlMohades and theBanu Ghaniya, and was divided into four sections, the first section of The banu Ghaniya , their names, their origins, their role in the ALMoravid state and their relationships with the king of Castile, the second topic of conflict between AlMohades andBanu Ghaniya in the era of lsaac Bin Mohammed and his son Ali and the expansion of the conflict in the sahl Amra Patte, the third topic of the conflict with AlMohades in the era of Yahya bin lsaac and the expansion of the Banu Ghaniya in the Maghreb`s influentcet and trying to control Balearic islands, and the conflict with AlMohades in the era of Nasser AlMohad, section four of the shrinking in fluence of the Benu Ghaniya and their end in the Maghreb nd the control of AlMohades the city of mahdia and theefforts to Ruler Africa Abdul Wahid bin Abi Hafs to eliminate Benu Ghaniya , and unify Maghreb under thr rule of state AlMohades.Chapter III to the study of political disputes in Maghreb in the era of AlMohades, was divided into three section, the first section the political disputes between AlMohades and the Arab tribes, the second section political movements anit - AlMohades, the third section the political conflicts with in the family AlMohad. Chapter IV of the study of the conflict between AlMohades and the benu Marin and the fall of AlMohades state,has divided into three section, secton I Banu Marin, their origin, and their region, political role in Maghreb the conflict with the AlMohades. Section II the conflict with AlMohades in the region of caliph al Rashid AlMohad bin Zian out of obedirnce to AlMohades and control of Tlemsan and his conflict with The AlMohades caliph Al saeed.The Third topic Banu Marin control on some cities in Maghreb and wrested from the AlMohades and expand their in fluence and control over Marrakech and the end the AlMohades dynasty.Ended conclusion thesis presented the main finding in the study were included in the end of thesis contained a list of sources that have been used to complete the thesis
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المصادر:

الصلات العلمية بين العراق ومصر (247 - 334هـ/861 - 945م) == Scientific Links Between Iraq And Egypt (247 - 334 AH / 861 - 945 AD)

اسم المؤلف: عبير غني كاظم الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: محمود تركي فارس اللهيبي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This title of this thesis is ((Scientific links between Iraq and Egypt(247 - 334 AH / 861 - 945 AD))). This thesis was divided into four chapters.The first chapter deals with the study of the most important scientific centers in Baghdad and Egypt, which helped to lay the foundations of the Islamic faith. It included the most important scientific centers, including mosques and Koranic schools, councils and debates and aspects of books and (Al - warakeen) books sellers shops and others. While the second chapter of religious sciences marked by the science of the Koran, which included science readings, cut short as the study of celebrity readings scientists between Iraq and Egypt and learning in their councils.As well as modern science through the concept of the modern and the role of the people of Iraq and Egypt in the supplement of this science and published in Egypt and the journey in the pursuit of knowledge between the two countries.And also a study of Jurisprudence and science as the study focused on the concept of an Islamic Fiqh and its development through historical stages and the emergence of Islamic sects and the motives that led to the emergence of those doctrines. And the study of the most important scholars between the two countries and also in this chapter study of the most important Sufi mysticism and scientists between the two countries.Chapter three, includes language and grammar, the most prominent linguists and grammarians in Iraq, Egypt and the hair and the most prominent poets in Iraq, Egypt and different kinds of prose.And stand on this science scholars between the two countries, Iraq, Egypt, the most important of flights between the two countries in this scientific field. Turning in the fourth quarter to the humanities and included historical, geographical, knew the history and contributions of the two scientists in providing the historical thought. And the most prominent historians in Iraq and Egypt have been in this chapter the study of geographical and highlighted the contributions of scientists and researchers in geographic knowledge.The fourth chapter has been included on the mental sciences between the two countries, Iraq, Egypt, the most important contributions of scientists in providing the scientific movement between Baghdad and Egypt in the fields of medicine, pharmacy, theology, philosophy, translation, astronomy and chemistry.The we record our findings and conclusion through this thesis with a summary of the findings of the results taken from approved sources in the search.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الشيخ محمد مهدي الاصفي ودوره الفكري والسياسي في العراق (1937 - 2015) == Al - Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi And Intellectual And Political Role In Iraq 1937 - 2015

اسم المؤلف: عامر صالح علي سعد العكيلي
اسم المشرف: علي محمد كريم المشهداني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Took a character study an important place in the field of historical studies, the fact that the person is a historic event maker, and understand the nature of his mission is to understand the course of events, composition and causes, so the historical studies of many influencing the course of events, personalities, and Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi one of the personalities that have left have dealt clear imprint in the modern history of Iraq because of the products of intellectual Affersh contributed to a large extent in the development of many of the political, social, historical and cultural concepts, especially as he witnessed the difficult period of the history of modern Iraq. The reasons for choosing this topic back to the desire of a researcher at clarifying biography of Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi and role of the intellectual, political, and which is one of the new themes, which encouraged the researcher on the roads this topic, as well as what ails our library of poverty in specialized in researching academic figures and religious bear to see academic studies Islamist contemporary to incorporate the needs of the community, not to mention the researcher's quest to highlight the role of Sheikh Alasfi in the Islamist movement's activities since the fifties of the twentieth century until his death in 2015. Either approach letter Fassar to conduct scientific research as much as possible and followed the style of the historical narrative sometimes, and analysis at other times, and compare the views and attitudes of Dialogic angle cash in some of the topics that require this style, necessitated the nature of the study of personality, Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi and role of the intellectual and political to divide the message Introduction to three chapters and a conclusion included the main conclusions reached by the study. The first chapter was titled Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi his scientific career and his life and his approach to writing, and touched the second quarter, which was titled intellectual productions of Sheikh Mohammed Mehdi Alasfi to intellectual aspects that distinguish them, while the third chapter, which was titled the political role of Sheikh Mohammed Mehdi Alasfi, activity political inside and outside Iraq. To accomplish our mission modest at best, I tried to use all the scientific material can be utilized within the time frame of our mission, Vofatt Unpublished of the Private Securities Sheikh Alasfi and family documents or security reporting system related to his activity and his important role in strengthening the message information, also contributed personal interviews Researcher prominent role in the addition of information while writing a message, I can not fail to point out the obvious importance of the Arab sources that had occupied the largest space from the margins of the message, and at the forefront of these books are works of Sheikh Mohammad Mehdi Alasfi in various religious, scientific, intellectual, political and social aspects. Reliance on Arab sources did not prevent the use of Persian sources, and do not forget to mention the importance of theses and Alatarih Rphit that the value of the message on the history of the religious establishment and its political role information. The researcher has faced several difficulties hardly uncommon in any scientific academy study that differed in the extent of the study and again. In conclusion, I hope through Trahi for this modest effort before a panel discussion to be tuned to Aptgat of clarifying the truth and the dissemination of science for the benefit.. as I hope to be my act fills a void in our library Islamist, as an added scientific We hope that achieve what we aspire to achieve, the missed Vhspa I'm still at the first step in the path of scientific research and the hard run, and I was Valvdil to the efforts and care for my teachers evacuation Aoun benevolent, they have the thanks and gratitude, as I find myself obliged to provide a multitude gratitude and thanks to the members of the discussion, my teachers Distinguished what Tjhmoh of the trouble in the correct letter order to realize Kamal them to the desired scientific interest, and perfect, but God alone that Mawla Yes and yes protagonist
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حزب الاتحاد الاشتراكي للقوات الشعبية ودوره السياسي في المغرب (1975 - 1996) == Socialist Federation Party Of Public Forces And Political Role In Morocco (1975 - 1996)

اسم المؤلف: شيماء عبد الوهاب عبد الشمري
اسم المشرف: نغم سلام ابراهيم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of political parties history in Morocco has been considered worthy to be researched in the modern and contemporary Arabic history. The independence of Morocco on 3r of March 1956 , has been regarded as a turning point for setting out the parties ' political work in the contemporary Morocco, that is linked to the virtual role of political parties and organizations in the resistance against the French occupation and in mobilizing the publics as to achieve its goals in freedom , independence and progression. But, the new political reality has found a state of struggle between ownership institutions from one side and political parties from another side, this resulted into having the latter divides into opposing and supporting the ownership institution. The socialist Federation Party of Public forces was one of these parties. , where stages of party's development have embodied as reflection on the development of political events in Morocco in the contemporary and modern history. The thesis aims at studying the historical roots of the socialist federation party of public forces as apposition party since its establishment in 1975 until the year 1996. The exceptional holding of the party in 1975 has been considered as a starting point for crystalizing the social, economic and political directions to continue to play its role and its virtual activity in Moroccan political domain. The thesis 's boundaries ceases at the announcement of constitution in 1996 that represented as a turning point toward democratic transition in the political process. The importance of research lies within studying the Socialist Federation Party of public forces since it is considered one of opposing political parties. The study of this party has been a transparent reflection on political parties development in Morocco since getting its independence in 1956, along with the issuance of law of multi - parties in 1959 that established legal bases of political life in Morocco and being considered as a starting point for setting out the regular political work. The activity and political practice of the party considered an important matter for being one of parties that represented parties opposition embedded with law. The study has been based on the historical context and analyzing descriptive method as to show most important developments Morocco has witnessed , along with the role of the socialist Federation party until 1996. In the light of the research's methodology , the thesis has divided into an introduction, preface , four chapters and conclusion. The preface comes with the title " Socialist Federation party of Public Forces and internal political developments in Morocco 1956 - 1975"in which I have explained the conditions that help contribute into dissenting the Socialist Federation party from the National federation of public forces in 1972 until the announcement of the party in 1974. The chapter one comes with the title " Socialist Federation party of public forces and holding exceptional conference , along with the political developments in Morocco (1975 - 1977). The study has focused on the most important events prior to the holding of exceptional conference of the party in 1975; besides , the organizational structure of the party together with its goals , and its role in the rural and provincial elections in 1976. It has been also explained the role of the party in the legislation election in 1977 and its stance in constituting the government and parliament. Ending with the matter of the dessert. The second chapter includes ( Fronts of political activity of the socialist federation party and its stance in respect to internal matters (1978 - 1983); this chapter has emphasized on its most important activities lying in the establishment of democratic co - federalism for occupying the laborers union of the party , the holding of 3rd conference of the party in 1978 and the party 's attitude toward unrests in 1979 - 1981. The chapter has also included the party's attitude toward the Nairobi conference decisions and toward the parliament in 1981. It has also explained its attitude toward Fas peak in 1982 , its role in the rural and provincial elections in 1983 and the government of Mohammed Kareem Al - Umrani in 1983. The chapter three discusses the internal developments of the socialist federation party and its attitude toward the national matters ( 1984 - 1989) ; it has exposed the party's attitude toward the Jewish sects conference in Marrakesh in 1984 and the holding of fourth national conference of the party. It deals with the establishment of Africa - Arab Federation and the party 's attitude thereof in 1984, along with its role in the legislation election in Morocco in 1984 and in forming the government in 1985. The chapter has also shown the party's objection to the meeting of Aifran in 1986 between the king Al - Hasan the second and Shimon Perez, it deals with the party's attitude toward Arab Morocco Federation in 1989 ( supported it); besides, referring to the fifth conference of the party held in April 1989 and the party's attitude toward the Arabic National matters ,Palestinian Liberation Organization , Lebanese matter and Iranian - Iraqi war. The chapter fourth comes with the title" the role of the party in boosting democracy and constitution amendment until year 1996. It exposes the party's attitude toward unrest happened in 1990 and government 's vote of confidence in 1990 , the announcement of forming democratic bloc in 1992. The chapter explains the party's stance in respect to death of AbdulRaheem Bu Ubaid in 1992 , the attitude of announcement of constitution in 1992 , along with the developments , role of the party in the massive elections in 1992, in addition, the party's attitude toward the legislative elections in 1993 and finally the announcement of new constitution in 1996 and its positive stance of it. The study has conclude with conclusions included the most important results which are : 1. The political domain has witnessed appearance of new political organizations after the issuance of law of parties that have aimed at preventing to establish Sole Party system and to place bases of multi - Party system. Thus the Monarchy institution got succeeded in its struggle with the independence party and began forming a government loyal to the monarchy institution. It is confirmed that the institution has lonely achieved its goals and confirmed its loyalty on Morocco's political life.2. The struggles have not only confined between the opposition and the monarchy institution , but rather have transferred unto the opposition parties. Thus , we have noticed that in 1972 it has happened disputes inside the National Federation of Public forces and led to dissention inside the party. The latter has got divided into two parts , one part ( Rabat) led by AbdulRaheem BuObaid and the other (Al - Dar Al - Baydha) led by Abdullah Ibrahim. The dissention led to freeze the national bloc and resulted into reflecting that on its role in the political life and establishing to have every party works independently. 3. The exceptional conference held in 1975 has been considered as a turning point for appearing the socialist Federation Party of Public Forces and specified its political , social and intellectual trends and directions in adopting the socialism and democracy as that confirmed by participating into legislation election in 1977 where the party has not wined as for there have been forgeries in the election. 4. Despite , the socialist federalism Party of public forces has been considered one of opposition parties , but it has tried in more than one occasion to adopt positive stances in respect to monarchy institution , especially , when the matter concerned with the national benefit of Morocco 's sovereignty , most outstandingly, is the matter of Morocco Desert where the party has played a grand role in defending it as to be part of morocco.5. The party has adopted virtual political stances and attitudes in praising the labor sector, as a result, it worked on establishing Democratic con - federalism as to activate the workers union , where the party has used it as to have its voice get to the parliament and monarchy institution by supporting the union.6. The party's activity along with its directions have virtually confirmed on principles of democracy which the party has called for since its establishment. The observer who followed up the activity of the party since 1975 until the year 1996 , has found that this party is opposition one as to reinforce and boost its methodology to practice democracy; besides , stressing its links with the Morocco republics and its adherence to the national benefit of the people and freedom from one side and Morocco unity quarantine from other side. Moreover, the positive sides of the party in respect to the Arab matters in contemporary and modern history. 7. The party's political directions and trends have been largely crystalized by calling for constitutional and political reforms. The 90s decade of 20th century has represented an essential phase for the party by emphasizing the party's role to call for reform and change. This represented by getting the King " Al - Hasan the second " accept suggestions of Democratic blocs that led to occurring positive change for the democratic process through
الملخص:
المصادر:

ابرز احداث الحروب الصليبية بين مؤرخيها المعاصرين العرب واللاتين : دراسة نقدية مقارنة (489 - 895هـ/ 1095 - 1489م) == The Most Outstanding Events Of The Crusader Wars Between The Contemporary Arab And Latin Historians (A Comparative Critical Study 489 - 895 A.H./ 1095 - 1489Ac)

اسم المؤلف: شروق مجيد محيبس السراج
اسم المشرف: عباس عبد الستار عبد القادر الزهاوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This thesis deals with the most outstanding events of the crusader wars between the contemporary arable and Latin historians (a comparative critical study, an image that is governed in two opposite views, an Islamic view towards a Latin topic of the crusader wars, by all its events and consequences. These are the topics of our thesis from the beginning of the Crusades and the results it comes up with. The thesis concludes that in spite of the difference of the two views, there are many agreements and similarities that led to the signing of conventions and between the two parties, and also led to attitudes that were governed by tolerance like the attitude of Salah Alden Al - Ayubi towards the residents of Jerusalem when liberated it from the Crusader control, and how he treated the Crusader prince who were captured in Haotin Battle. Also, a notable example was how Al - Kamil Al - Ayubi, sultan of Egypt, treated the emperor Fredriech II. There was a friendly relationship at the hands of the Crusades. The thesis also concludes through some of the Latin historians that there were admiration and praise as a result of following the policy of tolerance and pardon as well as recognition of their knighthood and heroism like the case of EmadAldinZenki and his son Nor - Aldin Mahmoud and Salah Aldin. The research proves that failure which afflicted the mogul - Crusade against Muslims, especially in the Levant and Egypt, had reasons and consequences the most importance reason was the solidarity and coherence among the Muslim factions for the reason of evacuate the Holy Lands for any foreign existence. It shows that the divisions among the Crusaders princes, monarchs and knights, especially the English and the French, and the French and Germans, were not divisions because of competition and the capturing of authority, but mostly due to the feeling in Europe in general and in Papal feeling that those monarchs and princes do not serve the Crusader and the Cross cause, but they were out of the papal claim that they were out of law. Therefore, the Pope made a decree to excommunicate the German Emperor Friedrish II. Also, the weakness form which the crusaders suffer becomes clear when the sought support by the Moguls. But the Crusaders were not united in that alliance with the Moguls. Antakya allied with them and some refused the alliance as in Akka. The research concludes that the Muslim husotrianswere not neutral and objective in dealing with the Crusader leaders and they were described as ‘damned and outlaws’ and ‘heretics who worship the trinity.’ Many of the historians did not mention the name of the king but they only mention the title like ‘the Prince,’ ‘the King’ or the Emperor’ and the like. The study concludes that the mutual civilizational effects between the Muslim east and the Latin west were one - sided which resulted in the future European Renaissance that includes all the intellectual, military and social fields. The civilizational sharing which happened after warring and aggressing andhostility made the Europeans recognize not only their defeat but also they acknowledged the crimes which they had committed. Finally, this thesis is like a work that contributeswith other researches and studies about the Crusader movement as a suitable place, before the judges of history, for the disasters and pains it caused and has left behind.
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مرويات ال البيت (عليهم السلام) في مؤلفات السيد نعمة الله الجزائري (1050 - 1112هـ)

اسم المؤلف: سوزان ازاد نوري
اسم المشرف: بهجة علي محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
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المصادر:

اسرة ال اعين واثرهم في الاسلام == The Aain Family And Their Impact In Islam

اسم المؤلف: سهيل صالح جالي المالكي
اسم المشرف: صباح شاكر فليح الغراوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: All pries is to do Allah and peace and blessing be upon Muhammed and his househeld. The Islamic message were not addressed to a particular nation or nationalism, but it was a message to all the nations of different religions and origins and nationalities, and that is absorbed by all these elements and was able to collect in Bodqp which all loyalties melted, and became the only loyalty to the religion and resulted in great human civilization which emerged humanitarian features and scientific, and study the history of families is one of the important studies in Islamic history, no doubt they dealt with the study of the lives of numerous characters and contain so many different roles carried out by those personalities emerge in stages. This was the nature of the research required to make it in the introduction, three chapters, that chapters was not equal; and according to the scientific article that are available for each chapter, and that has been reached and gathered from sources, began to head - in which showed the importance of the subject and the reason for choosing the subject, the contents of the chapters , and the methodology and the difficulties encountered and overview of sources and references,.. then fundamental conclusion we have drawn them to this thread points, and supplement, as well as proven sources and references. the first chapter title : ( definition of the family of Al Aain of the political, intellectual, and their era) in which we highlighted on (Sensn) family grandfather, and find out the origin of the family, then find out (the Aain) and the father of the family that his name, and how to enter in Islam and joining the tribe of Bani Shiban which We lived Kufa, and then we reviewed and audited in the some of his soons , and the different narrators in it, and the piography of each person of men Al Aain and their, soons who were linked to the Imams (peace be upon them), and then we talked about the home of the family, their mosque, and we ended to the Chapter to speak about the political their time and intellectual especially in the reigns of Imam Muhammad al - Baqir and Ja'far al - Sadiq (peace be upon them); Because of their close contact with them, and their commitment to the pace of the household (peace be upon them).The second chapter entitled (interpretative impact, and ethical impact, historical impact) talked about the importance of interpretation, and aware of the readings. One of the sons of the family the readings scientists, and looked at the impact of family men in interpretative area, as well as a review of some models of their novels in interpretation Quran and divided it into : what came in the prophets and their people, and the other in the Imams (peace be upon them) and the Shiites, then the moral impact, and a profile science ethics, their talks for Imams (peace be upon them) in the moral side, the choice of divided it into sections models, according to the alphabet, then historical events, it dealt with the display models of the age of the message events, and the Umayyad era, and in the novel Mahdism And singled out the third chapter and last title (verbal impact and impact idiosyncratic) which dealt with the impact of verbally family, and divided into three points : the first : for theology defined and its origins and its importance, and the second : Speakers of the Al Aain and their role in the debate the people of deviant beliefs, and. Ideological talks in (Theology), while the impact idiosyncratic talked about jurisprudence, and the history of jurisprudence, and scholars of the family, and especially the role of Ben Zuraarah in this area, and the rest of the men of the family, and in the jurisprudence(branches of religion). The curriculum in writing is to deal with the sources of cash closer reading and analysis of information on sources and compared with each other through information analysis and linked with each other and the information that conclusion describes the impact of the family, and especially in relation to novels.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الاسر العلمية في المغرب العربي واثرها في الحياة العامة من القرن الثالث الهجري حتى نهاية القرن الثامن الهجري == The Scientific Families In The Arab Maghreb And Their Impact On The Public Life From The Thirteen Century A.H. Until The End Of The Eighth Century A.H

اسم المؤلف: سندس غني عريبي الحديثي
اسم المشرف: سهيلة مزبان حسن
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعتبر الاسرات العلمية من الظواهر البارزة في الثقافة العربية الاسلامية منذ العصور القديمة ولقد شجع الفتح الاسلامي في المغرب بعد انتشار الاسلام ورسوخ الحضارة والفكر الاسلامي في المغرب العربي على ظهور العديد من الاسر العلمية التي كان لهم الدور البارز والمميز | The scientific families are considered is one of the prominent manifestations of the Arabic Islamic culture since old times. The Islamic conquest encouraged the emergence of many scientific families after the spread of Islam in the Mghreb. They had an eminent role in the history of the Arab Maghreb states. The scholars and scientists have got the care and the interests through the different Islamic ages not only of the authority but also the social strata. They are, as the Holy Scripture stipulates, the inheritors of the prophets. That made their circle lofty. Each family of the scientific families has a tangible impact in that. Among them there were families who succeeded science and art and knowledge. They assumed the highest social statuses, and their role was not sufficed to the other fields like trade, judiciary and ministration. That is attributable to the emergence of the role of families as the nuclei of the Islamic society in which the individual is raised and are cultivated. Among the many reasons that led me up to choose that subject is the care of scholars in old and modern times, and the impact of that in the various aspects of life in general. However, no study has tackled scientific families comprehensively. I endeavored to explain the features of the scientific families from which many scholars and scientists descent, in every field. Each one followed the course of that who preceded him, and it was among the reasons is to reveal the role of scientific families which were spread in the Maghreb state. The nature of the study requires the division into an introduction, a preface, four main chapters and an introduction as well as abstracts in Arabic and English. The Introduction tackles the geographic position of the state of Maghreb, and the states which were established there starting of the Aghalibiya state and ending with the Hafsiya state. Chapter Two was devoted to the study of the role of scientific families and the most prominent sciences with which they mastered. Chapter Three was devoted to the study of the impact of scientific families in the administrative, political and military aspects.Chapter Four is devoted to the study of the role of scientific families in the social and economic life. The Conclusion includes the summary of the findings and then the references and sources.
الملخص:
المصادر:

انطون سعادة واثره في الحياة السياسية والثقافية في سوريا ولبنان (1904 - 1949) == Antoun Saadeh And His Effect On The Political And Cultural Life In Syria And Lebanon 1904 - 1949

اسم المؤلف: سندس عبد الله عيسى
اسم المشرف: احمد عبد الواحد عبد النبي الحلفي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of characters has always assumed growing significance for researchers in modern and contemporary history. The history of Lebanon is rich in characters that have influenced the political and cultural lives in Syria and Lebanon. One of most notable of these characters is Antoun Saadeh, who was an outstanding, influential character. The circumstances surrounding his activity led to crystalizing the dimensions of his political and cultural character. He was coeval with the First World War and the negative results ensuing from it. Such results left a conspicuous mark in his intellectual production and political activity in both his homeland and the diaspora. Furthermore, he was the founder of the Syrian Social National Party to oppose the French Mandate and to raise the Syrian Nation and save it from the state of chaos and confusion it was living.The studies that have dealt with the Syrian Social National Party have referred to Antoun Saadeh, but they have never covered his intellectual and cultural activity, whether in Lebanon or in the diaspora, in a comprehensive, deep manner. The idea of the current study stemmed from this fact.When Saadeh's character is studied, a number of questions might be raised : - Did his travel to the United States of America then to Brazil has an effect on the emergence of his intellectual and political activity? - Did his intellectual production contribute to finding a solution for the Syrian nation's issues and to enriching the culture at his home nation and the diaspora? - Why did he found the Syrian Social National Party? - How did the internal developments in Lebanon affect his return to his home nation in 1947? - What were the reasons behind the 1949 coup attempt and how did it end? - What were the circumstances of his arrest and trial?The study tries to answer these questions and sheds the light on important aspects of Antoun Saadeh's life and his intellectual and political activity since his travel to USA and Brazil till the failed upheaval trial in 1949. The study is divided into a preface, an introduction, three chapters and appendices and ends with a conclusion including a collective of conclusions. The preface focuses on the cultural and political conditions in Syria, especially in Jabal Lubnan during the Ottoman era till the time of Antoun Saadeh's birth. As to the first chapter (Antoun Saadeh, his lineage, bringing up, intellectual and political activity 1904 - 1930), it addresses his lineage, family and bringing up, and then his travel to USA and Brazil later on. It also sheds the light on his father's intellectual and cultural influence, his work in the press field, and shows his political activity through his affiliation to the associations and the establishment of parties until his return to Lebanon in 1930. The second chapter is dedicated to the study of his intellectual and political activity (1930 - 1938) and sheds the light on his literary and political activity. It is also specified to the study of the reasons and motives of his establishment of the Syrian National Party, it refers to its structure and principles, it also mentions his three imprisonments and states the attitude of the Lebanese authorities towards him and their impact on his departure from Lebanon in 1938. The third and last chapter sheds the light on his intellectual and political activity (1938 - 1949) dealing with his travel to Brazil then to Argentina and his intellectual and political activity, it also treats the internal developments in Lebanon and its impact on his return to Lebanon in 1947, and it sheds the light on the failed upheaval trial in 1949 and his imprisonment circumstances. The chapter ends up with his trial and execution. The researcher faced many difficulties, like lack of books touching on Saadeh in our academic institutions. This led her to travel to Lebanon to obtain the required sources and get in touch with Lebanese characters that had lived the events covered by the study.In conclusion, I place this study before my revered professors, Discussion Committee President and members, who will definitely enrich it with their accurate academic notes. From Allah success comes.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الجوانب الاقتصادية في المغرب والاندلس من خلال كتاب مسالك الابصار في ممالك الامصار لابن فضل الله العمري المتوفى سنة (749 هـ / 1348م) == The Economical Sides In Morocco And Andalus Through The Book Of Msalik Al - Absar In Momalik Al - Amsar For Ibn Fdhl Allah Al - Omari Died In 749A.H. / 1348 A.D

اسم المؤلف: سعد قاسم علي السويعدي
اسم المشرف: محمود تركي فارس اللهيبي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Ibn Fadl Allah Al - Omari is consider bright scholar in the horizon of writing and creating and the best scientist who left his finger prints in the different areas on the politic sociology, economy and intellectual fields.The study of the economical sides are not less important of studying the political and social sides, where studying the economical sides which are represented by agriculture, industry, and commeres in consider important in that they reflect the range of progress and prosperity which the countries have reached wether in morocco or andalus.The study was divided into four chapters, where chapter one was the maine gate to enter to the dissertation where tackle the writers life history (his name, surname, his instructors, his age, his occupations, other scientists's opinion on him, and his books which reached twenty books, the most important was msolik Al - Absar in mamalik Al - Amsar.As for chapter two we tackled the agricultural side in morocco and andalus, mentioning the most important tools used in orgicultur, the types of farming lands, the water sources of rains and springs, the most important crops eg. Serials, fruits and the fruitful and non fruitful trees, in addition to the fortune of animals in morocco and Andalus and their place of existence. Ending the chapter with the most important factors that effecting the agricultural production.And in the third chapter we tackled the industrial side starting with the metals like gold, silver, copper and non metallic metals like mercury, vermilion, crystals and rare stones like Rubies, agate, der and the most important industries like food staff, iron industries, lechear industries, paper industry, pottery, ships, and fobric industries conclusing the chapter with the most important were the security deterioration and the political instability.And in chapter four we tackled the commercial side starting with the markets in their two types the perminant and the temporary and the most importants weight and pecks which were used in morocco and Andalus and the types of currency and mony, the most important hotels, the prices which were almost effected by the public situations in the country in addition to the most important commercial roots wither in land or in marine, and the most important materials which were exported between maroccan cities from one side and between The different countries like morocco, sudon, The East, and Europe and The most important imports of Andalus from then from Rhe other side concluding The chapter with The most important factors effecting commerce like politics and fraud and also The Natural factors represented by The storms and Their effect in ships drawing.
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر الموالي في الحياة الفكرية في بغداد من خلال كتاب تاريخ بغداد للخطيب البغدادي ت 463هـ/1070م == Pro In The Intellectual Life In Baghdad During The Impact Of The Book On The History Of The Baghdad Khatib Al - Baghdadi (D. 463 AH / 1070 AD)

اسم المؤلف: سرى سلام عطية الابراهيمي
اسم المشرف: عبد الستار نصيف جاسم العامري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After it was founded in the city of Baghdad (145 - 146 AH / 762 - 663 AD) became this city a prominent role in the intellectual life became not only in the Muslim world but also in the whole world known in that era course science, it worked to attract scientists from different religions and countries for reasons of scientific, social and other political and economic. The importance of the study of the subject of the importance of the history book of Baghdad, which includes translations of Arab and pro - eating male genealogy and scientific journeys and their elders and their pupils and their works, and the fact that Baghdad was the capital has become a pilgrimage site for students of science and of them pro who was the offspring intellectual apparently comparable to the product of the Arab Muslims has contributed to supplement Islamic Arab libraries and for this reason that prompted Balbagesh Valley midst of their search for pro in Baghdad through the history book of the Baghdad Khatib al - Baghdadi. The letter came on the unprecedented three chapters with an introduction and followed by a conclusion and supplements and a list of sources and references. The first chapter, entitled (life - Khatib al - Baghdadi, social, scientific and factors that contributed to attracting loyal to Baghdad) has included a brief introduction about his social and scientific existence of several studies leading up about that, and also ensure that the factors that contributed to attracting loyal to Baghdad. The second chapter was titled (per pro in religious studies) included Quranic science of knowledge of interpretation and readings also included modern science and jurisprudence. The third chapter is entitled (per pro in the humanities and sciences Pure "Applied") was developed humanities and sciences Pure "Applied" and anyone to separate in order to balance the message and the reason for this is the limited number of these translations for them in pure science compared to religious sciences and humanities and mentioned in this chapter pro in language and grammar, poetry and prose branches of public speaking and writing the role, and we dealt with stated theology, mysticism and science of history, either pure science Vtnolna scientists from pro in Science said the account included Conclusion prominent our findings through what provides us the information. the most prominent the significance of the date in Baghdad said translations and pro about the social and intellectual life, and the study proved that the pro was their contribution is clear and prominent in the intellectual life and measured the number of intellectual works that have contributed to supplement the Arab Islamic libraries
الملخص:
المصادر:

الالهة الشابة المذكرة بين الموت والانبعاث في الشرق الادنى القديم : دراسة في الوظائف والصفات == The Male Young Deiteis Between Death And Resurrection In Anceint Near East A Studty In The Characters And Functions

اسم المؤلف: سرى حسين علي الحسوني
اسم المشرف: غسان عبد صالح
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The subject of this thesis is on of the most important subjects that is because it dealt with a content didn’t exist in any other study, it is also an attempt to understand the role of cosmos. The thesis also compared between the roles of these deities and show there and the role of each of them ,the role of them and what had been left of prints on his their society. So, to comprehend the subject as much as it could be, this study has been divided into four chapters preceded by a prelude devoted to explain the geographical sphere of the area of the research and a brief summery about each state of the enceinte Near East States and a conclusion : The first chapter : Includes the male young deities names and their worshiping places. It consisted of three sections ; the first section dealt with the deities names and there references where in it presented the meaning of each deity's name and its references. The second section dealt with the male young deities signals , which shows that each deity has signals distinguish it from the other deities. The third section emerges the geographical diffusion of the male young deities worshipping where the section shows the extent of the geographical spheres that these deities worshipped in them and the most distinguished temples of them. The second chapter : Includes the male young deities' functions and characters and it consisted of three sections. The first section dealt with the functions of the deities and emerges the importance of each function. The second section dealt with the character of these deities where we emerged in it the characters that distinguished each deity. The third section includes a comparison of these deities functions and characters. The third chapter : Dealt with studying the temporary death of the male young deities through three sections. The first section presented the ancient near east people thought about death and its terrors which represent the greatest enigma for human being. the second section detailed the temporary death of the male young deities where as for human being the immortal death is his fate , his deities were meeting a temporary death , and the section dealt with a comparison study of the male young deities. The forth chapter : Includes the male young deities resurrection and divided into three sections. The first section narrated the ancient near east people thought about resurrection which represents a solution to the enigma of death and an exit from it. The second section includes the resurrection of the male young deities which it was an attempt to understand the return of the breed and grow season return. While the third section consisted of a comparison to these deities resurrection. The conclusion of this study was an attempt to shed a light on the idea of death and resurrection of the male young deities in the ancient near east that reached to the following conclusions : Meanings references that are derivate from its functions which it has. Also the study explained the ancient worshipping of deity Dumuzy before the other deities where it worshipped in the forth millennium then the deity Auzeer then after it Baal and finally Telpino; so that is mean that worshipping the deity Dumuzy diffused from Mesopotamia to the rest of the near east countries to reach to the Nile Valley. Each of these deities has temples according the old instructions and texts. All these deities are associated in two functions which are the growth and life ; the death and resurrection. Also it was clear the functions of the deity Auzeer in the first state then the deity Baal then Dumuzy and finally Telpino , in adition to that the role of the deity Auzeer in the upper and lower worlds other than the other male young deities, and that was emerging from the religious Egyptian faith which interested in the lower world more than the upper world. Like the functions were the characters of the male young deities in similarity and differences. The study proved the belief of the ancient near east people in death and it is the fate of all people but at the same time the were afraid of it , so they put on the world of deaths nominees like darkness terror and also those who are running it of deities and devils. The study emerged the absence of all deities from the upper world , but that doesn't mean their all subjection to the real death; where the deity Telpino excepted from that because he canceled and didn't dye; and that absence was for a limited time according to the environment of each society ; except the deity Auzeer which remains in the lower world. The methods of death are associated among the three deities(Dumuzy,Azeer,Baal), according to one of the narratives they all killed, while differ in other narratives; this state also similar in wives.Resurrection wasn't strange on the people of Mesopotamia but they didn't adopt its faith not like the Egyptians who believed in it and considered it the exit of their worry on death , so they drew a nice picture to the after death world ; the same thing was for the Augharets and Hittites. The resurrection of deities were different. The resurrection of Dumuzy can not be happened without the existents of a another one go to the deaths world instead of him, while Auzeer resurrected by Izeas magic ways, the deity Baal resurrected by killing the enemy of the deity Mout and burning it and throwing its ash ; Telpino resurrected by a bee sting after that they held ceremonies to purify him from its anger.Finally the study emerged the importance of the male young deities role in the ancient near east in all the life joints, starting with the growth of plants passing to human being ending with animals
الملخص:
المصادر:

زكريا محيي الدين ودوره العسكري والسياسي في مصر حتى عام 1968 == Zacariya Muhyiddin And His Military And Political Role In Egypt Until 1968

اسم المؤلف: ساهرة سلمان حمادي الطائي
اسم المشرف: علياء محمد حسين الزبيدي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Many researchers and authors were interested greatly in the history of Egypt as one of the important Arab countries which had a great effect on the events witnessed by the Arab Homeland. However, there were effective characters who had a great role in Egypt's events and the Arab Homeland on whom the light was not shed and they were not studied objectively despite their different roles and situations. Zakariya Muhyiddin is regarded as the most prominent of these characters, so we need to study his life and his military, political and national role in Egypt because he was the most prominent political characters close to the president Jamal Abdul Nasir, making some characterize him with the second man of Egypt at that stage. The study nature necessitated dividing it into an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and a number of appendices. The first chapter addressed Zakariya Muhyiddin's family background and the construction of social self It included four sections. The first section contained a display of his social roots, a follow - up of his family, life, education, characteristics, hobbies, the medals and badges he gained, and the beginning of his relationship with Jamal Abdul Nasir. As to the second section, it was dedicated to his role in Palestine war 1948, while the third section was specified to the establishment of Al - Dhubat Al - Ahrar Organization and his membership in it, whereas the fourth section addressed the political developments in Egypt for the years (1950 - 1952). As to the second chapter, it was specified to his role in the revolution of 23rd of July 1952 including three sections. The first section tackled his role in the rise of the revolution of 23rd of July 1952. The second section dealt with his political and economic activity, while the third section comprised his political and international situation towards the revolution of 23rd of July 1952, whereas the fourth section discussed his situation towards Sudan issue and the conclusion of evacuation agreement. The third chapter came to shed the light on his role, the political developments in Egypt and his situation towards Arabic and international issues for the period (1954 - 1968), including four sections. The first section mentioned his situation towards the political developments for the period (1954 - 1956), while the second section addressed his role and the path pf the Egyptian political developments (1957 - 1964), whereas the third section was specified to his situation towards Arabic and international issues, the fourth section was confined to his role and the path of political and domestic developments for the years (1965 - 1967). We also showed the end of his political activity and his death. The study was ended by a conclusion dedicated to the most important conclusions within the light of the works and achievements fulfilled by Zakariya Muhyiddin in the fields he was responsible of.
الملخص:
المصادر:

تاريخ امانة العاصمة بغداد (1958 - 1968) == History Of The Secretariat Of The Capital Of Baghdad 1958 - 1968

اسم المؤلف: سارة عبد الكاظم ثجيل
اسم المشرف: ابتسام محمود جواد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The secretariat of the capital's oldest department was founded in Baghdad in 1868 as the Baghdad Municipality and concurrent with the issuance of municipal law in 1877 that divided Baghdad into three sections, and then replaced its name from the Baghdad municipality to the capital secretariat under municipal law in 1931, and was linked to the Interior Ministry, but after the establishment of the fourteenth of July revolution in 1958 and the issuance of municipal law in 1960 have been disengage from internal and attached to the Ministry of municipalities and considered one of its departments. The message consisted of an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter included the beginnings of the establishment of the Capital City in the era of the Ottomans, and the most important laws passed at that time, and the most prominent formations administrative, with the definition of the most prominent figures who served as mayor during the period (1923 - 1958) and the most important achievements, as well as the most important services provided by the secretariat of the capital of Tzivat and streams and liquefaction of water and The second chapter entitled (the Capital Secretariat and the revolution of July 14, 1958), brought together four topics focused on the establishment of the Ministry of Municipalities under the Executive Authority Act No. 74 of 1959, with a statement of the main terms of reference of the ministry and the main administrative formations, and the most important imports Secretariat in 1963 developed administrative and formations in 1964, in addition to addressing the formations Secretariat introduced in 1967, and the most prominent figures that came to the post of Secretary of the capital during the period (1958 - 1968) the most prominent statement with their achievements and their actions. The third chapter contains five sections touched them to the capital, Baghdad planning, including the basic outline drawn up by the Greek Dokxiaods company in 1959, and the outline of Paul Service Company Polish in 1965, in addition to addressing the most important streets and bridges carried out by the Secretariat at the time, and the gardens and parks that accorded Secretariat of particular importance, as well as monuments and multiple statues set up by the Secretariat in Baghdad in order to give a new civilized swab and commemorate the past, the most important monument of the Unknown Soldier, and the Freedom Monument, as well as talk about the most important buildings constructed in that time, including the Presidential Palace Building, and the Opera House, and Building C While Chapter IV, which contained three sections touched on the most important activities and events of the Capital Secretariat and focusing on basic services to the secretariat, which consisted hygiene, sewage and water and organize transport within the capital and extinguish fires, as well as humanitarian and health services, also addressed the role of the secretariat of the capital in the treatment of Abaiv which were scattered in Baghdad through the construction of new residential neighborhoods revolutions (Sadr City) currently, the torch, Latifiya, and Rashad, in addition to the most important events and festivals organized by the secretariat of the capital and in the various religious and national occasions addressed 0ouncil The Ministry of Economic Planni Through this study, we concluded some Alomourahmha : - The capital, the secretariat of the ten - year period from 1958 - 1968 golden era in the long Tarueha analogy for their achievements and partisan task, as the Secretariat has been able to play Bamran capital Baghdad and give them the character of the beautiful taste Secretariat has embarked on since the fourteenth of July revolution to study evolution urban estimated in the capital and you need to show capital projects rightful appearance between the capitals of the civilized world, and acted wisely targeted leader Abdul Karim Kassem (working hour is better than a thousand hours of speech).ng and Building of the National Council.Paid capital, the secretariat of the cultural movement importance and care of the language from prestigious culture, intellectuals and innovators in public life, the fact that the city of Baghdad, one of the most important radiation cultural, scientific and cultural centers, the Secretariat has sought to find the steps artistic and cultural events enrich the value of Baghdad in art and culture, including works of art and monuments which promised steps upgrading of technical and aesthetic level of capital.
الملخص:
المصادر:

هجرة الاتراك الى المانيا الاتحادية 1961 - 1990م == The Migration Of Turks To Federal Germany (1961 - 1990)

اسم المؤلف: ريزان جلال احمد
اسم المشرف: صباح مهدي رميض القريشي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After the Second World War, Turkey has confronted hard economic conditions, in addition to the defeat of Germany in the Second World War; a matter caused great destruction in its infrastructure and economic facilities as well as great causalities. All these reasons caused shortage in the labor market; a matter affected the country reconstruction capabilities, especially after creating Berlin's wall, which means that the man power was required, therefore the immigration was opened to many countries including Turkey since 1961. Thus, the dissertation was titled (The Immigration of Turks to Federal Germany 1961 - 1990, historical study). The dissertation was divided into four chapters, introduction and conclusion. The first chapter viewed the course of the political situations in both countries after the Second World War until 1960). This chapter contained two inquiries; the first one consisted of three articles, the first one was (Turkey and the developments of the political internally and externally), while the second one came under the title (The Democratic party and establishing the Turkish state’s Firms 1950 - 1960). The third one was titled (Turkey and the foreign relations system 1945 - 1960). The second inquiry discussed the problems of the Second World War and its consequences on Germany, reconstruction plans and the economic developments during the period (1945 - 1960). The second chapter discussed the subject of Turks immigration reasons, motivations and attraction factors of the receiving country the first migration attempts, where it included three inquiries, the first on came under the title (The Turkish immigration, its motivations and reasons), while the second one was titled (The attraction factors of the receiving country (Federal Germany) for the Turkish immigrants). The third inquiry was allocated to the (First attempts of Turkish workers migration and looking for work opportunities in Federal Germany. The third chapter discussed the (Turkish - German migration agreement, its terms, conditions and reflections on the Turkish immigrants in Federal Germany 1961 - 1974), where it consist of five inquiries; the first one discussed the prefaces of concluding the agreement and its conditions, while the second inquiry was allocated to the (Agreement of 30 November 1961 and its legal frame and joint work mechanisms). The third inquiry continued a brief on the (Geographical distribution map according to the rates of the immigrants from the Turkish governorates 1961 - 1974). The fourth inquiry discussed the (Backgrounds of Turkish immigrants and categorizing them according to educational qualification, professional diversity and the internal and external effects. The fifth inquiry was allocated to the (First generation of Turkish immigrants, review to their social and living conditions in the new home 1961 - 1974). The fourth chapter was titled "increasing the level of the Turkish immigration to Federal Germany and the position of the federal government of it 1974 - 1990). It included four inquiries, the first one came under the title (The Turkish immigrants and the pressure of the German laws to restrict the migration), while the second inquiry has discussed (The problems of Turkish immigrants to Federal Germany). The title of the third inquiry was (The Muslim Turks immigrants between the acceptance of Germans and their rejects). The fourth inquiry, was (Interfaces activity of Turkish immigrants in Federal Germany 1974 - 1990). The dissertation has reached several conclusions, including the declined Turkish economy, which caused wide protest among the people against the economic policy of Turkish government that caused economic problems especially in countryside; in addition to the increase of unemployment rates, which led to immigration to Federal Germany. Turkish Kurdistan suffered from severe backwardness in comparison with other Turkish regions. They also suffered from forcing the displacement to the west areas of Turkey, which caused the emergence of several Kurdish movements in these areas, but all were depressed by the state, a matter led to the migration of those people to Federal Germany, escaping oppression and demanding better life conditions. The Turkish migration to the Federal Germany called the guest workers according to the Turkish - German agreement of 30 October 1961, to fill the gap of working hands, to reconstruct Germany. Women had a share in the Turkish migration, but less than the men. The Turkish migration to Germany continued in spite of the ban of employment in 1973, and the strict procedures imposed by the German government. Perhaps the most outstanding problem from which the Turkish migrants suffers was the identity and assimilation to the new home, where many Germans consider Muslims as unable to assimilate to the Western culture. The guest workers of the first generation were not considered immigrated workers, but they are formed with their families a Turkish cultural and economic community known as the ghetto. The Turkish migrants to Germany established societies and political organizations, which took the task of demanding their rights in Turkey. For the reverse immigration, a very little portion of the Turkish immigrates, especially the first generation decided to return home, while the second and third generations had preferred to stay in their new home. However, the decision to reunite the two Germanys had affected the level of Turkish migration to, and did not prosper until more than 3 years.
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المصادر:

امنة الصدر (بنت الهدى) 1937 - 1980م : دراسة تاريخية == Amina Alsadir (Bnt Alhuda) 1937 - 1980 (Historical Study)

اسم المؤلف: ريام احمد عبد الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: كريم مراد عاتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of historical personality consider as one of the significant studies as to its relation to historical events , especially if these personalities experienced unannounced rule , in another hand what add importance to these historical personality that is not limited to men only but also women have widespread rule and that push the researcher to choose these personality in particular as she played a significant rule directly related with modern Islamic movement , nearly a little academic studies have mentioned a feminine personality which strongly attached to historical events in particular those whose practice their deeds secretly and haven’t clearly announced ,accordingly the researcher through this study seeks to spot the light on the social , educational and political rule of woman rule through the study of feminine personality as model of Iraqi woman (Amina Haider Al Sader) whose acted a significant rule on the social , educational and political level. According to the duration of the study is limited with a period (1937 - 1980 a.m) represented by the subject of study which is her personal life that involves on many topics associated with the different suggestions , thoughts and visions of the personality whereas the study includes a discussion for some suggestions and thoughts that associated with woman and the modern Islamic visions toward her also discuss the literature works of Amina Al - Sadir that indirectly oriented toward woman whereas she suggested some problems that face woman in the social life and she also suggested some suitable solutions for them through the principles of Islamic law which rise the woman state, some of these thoughts presented by literature stories. The study include the educational and social rule of Amina Alsadir that presented through many educational and social platforms represented by her supervisions on non - government girl schools in addition to make many awareness conferees by which many of her Islamic visions has been suggested. The study also contain the political activity of Amin Al - Sadir that acted by various periods of her life that consider as completion of her social activity and important part of it, in addition to her directed conflict with political regime until her martyrdom. Through study of this personality the research conclude many finding , the most important are Amina Al - Sadir act one part of modern Islamic movement through her relationship with her brother Mohammed Baqir Al - Sadir, in addition to suggested thoughts and visions that suggested by Amina represented as a link between the modern reality and Islamic principles in a direct way, Amina was so far from of being rigorist to reach her restricted theory to woman to make her feel her state in the society and prepare her in socially and educationally so she can educate a generation whose have aim and restricted destination whereas Amina endeavored the educational base of woman strong to practice her rule in society in a completed way and can stand against to anti - Islamic theories firmly and strongly and in order to achieve this ,Amina started her preparation of woman by identify the importance of her state in Islam and society to support her confidence consequently to prepare awareness generation of women
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المصادر:

الاسر الفارسية واثرها الفكري على الحضارة الاسلامية في العصور العباسية 132 - 656هـ/ 750 - 1258م == Persian Familes And Intell Ellectual Impact Boil Islamic Civilization In Abbasid Times (123 - 656 H.D/750 - 1258 A.D)

اسم المؤلف: رؤى رعد علي السامرائي
اسم المشرف: بهجة علي محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: We reviewed our tagged (Persian Families intellectual impact on Islamic civilization in Abbasid times (123 - 656 h/750 - 1258 A.d) cultural links that existed between arabs and Persians that were the cause of intellectual exchanges amongciuilization and study contains preliminary to the era in which the Persian Families lived and how they have evolved Cultural life and its evolution the most important intellectual center that were prevalentin that era and then divided the study into three Chapter of the first Chapter Contains Three detectives First section dealt with geographical of Persia and Persain Families said by al Phabet and al - as Frini Family and al - bayhaqi Family and al - Baramkeh Family and al - Jouini Family and al - roiani Family and al - Sarkhasi Family and the Second Section contains al - Samaani Family and al - Shhami Family and al - Shirazi Family and al - Sabone Family and al - Saedi Family and al - Kiahrasi Family and al - qushayri Family. The Third Section wich Included al - Kraei Family and al - Ikaei Family and al - Monagm Family and al - Mazaki Family and al - Masergsi Family and Naubakht Family and al - Nashi Family and al - Nesabori Family. The Second Chapter has Included the Impact of Intellectual Families Parsianin Science Transport , it is divided in two Sections Contained The First Section The Impact of Persian Families in religious Sciences such as tafsir and Hadith and figh. Either the Second contained Contributions Frome Families in literary Sciences such as Poetry and literature and rhetoric. The Third Chapter of the intellectual impact of Persian Families in mentalscience and ensure that Chapter three detectives. The First Section contains the intellectual of Persian Families in medical Science and mathematic and Chemistry. Tither the Second Section contained Following Persian Families Teach Tricks and astronomy and astrology and science of Translation. The Third Section has included intellectual impact in the Persian Families in the Theology and Science of music and The Science of history, And our studies on this subject have reached several outcomes : 1. There were several factors helped development of intellectual life in Abbasid Baghdad especially being the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate became the place for prosperity of the scientific movement which led to attract large numbers of scholars of Persia, left a clear imprint on the March and the most important of these factors the spread of Islam and evolution of translation movement As well as the political situation that prevailed this time and the emergence of independent principalities and sponsoring science and scientific centres have a major cultural role in the prosperity of the Abbasid era.2. The study highlights the geographical location of Persia as Persia enjoyed an important geographical location which is part of the Islamic Orient and Persia and especially by Europeans of the Islamic Orient.3. He was a Persian families significant impact in stimulating intellectual movement and flourish in the Abbasid times as many households in Persian that long and take care of a lot of science, as it was mostly the encyclopedic scientists who take care of a lot of science in various aspects and worked on creating their own schools scientists teaching these families upon their death bury them.4. The study highlighted the intellectual contributions to Persian families and their impact in Islamic civilization where they excelled in multiple domains without a specific science specialization, we find them excelled in religious sciences such as modern interpretation and jurisprudence, which was the bulk of emergence in which scientists and literary Sciences excelled section of poetry and literature and eloquence and another excelled at mental science such as medicine, engineering and tricks, chemistry and other sciences.5. She held the religious sciences ample space for scholars of Persian families and large numbers of them emerged in tafsir and Fiqh and science of greater numbers in modern science and who were most active people seeking knowledge.6. As the study highlighted literary contributions to Persian families, don't overlook that large numbers of Persian families had an important impact in the poetic side, wrote poems and poetry and were among the poets and authors.7. Persian families contributed in mathematics, chemistry and science of scams and wrote many books on Science.8. As the study showed Persian families contributions in astronomy and astrology and popped in this whole science naubakht mine beds baramkeh.9. Scholars of Persian families contributed to traffic and translation and fixed bases in translation and some of them had a material and moral assistance for translators as a family they give me gifts; who mine baramkeh funds on scientis.10. Popped mine family family family Jouini alnobkht in theology and the whole family was prominent in most naubakht this flag.11. The entire family contributed to the mine and baramkeh musicology and wrote much literature on this flag.12. Nishaburi family contributed to the science of history and put several workbooks what our history book Nishapur to father Abdullah nishaburi which count of historical books on the history and mission of Nishapur
الملخص:
المصادر:

مصالي الحاج ودوره السياسي في الجزائر حتى عام 1974م == Messali Al Hadj And His Political Role In Algeria Until 1974

اسم المؤلف: رنده زيدان خليف رشيد النعيمي
اسم المشرف: يحيى كاظم حمود المعموري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Algeria, which is one of the Arab Maghreb countries, was under French occupation in 1830 after forcing Ottoman occupation out, to become its replacement. National figures, such as Messali Hadj (1898 - 1974), worked hard to establish fronts, groupings, and blocs to challenge the new occupation which tried to Frenchify Algeria. Algerian historians disagreed about this figure, where some of them considered him as obedient to French occupation and accused him of treason while others considered him as a nationalist who struggled through following peaceful methods and international channels to submit the Algerian problem in order to stop or reduce bloodshed. Therefore, this difference about Messali Hadj resulted in different political situations which led to this confusion in general considerations about this figure. In this study, we put the lights on the character of Messali Hadj and we found that he was one of the nationalists who tried to convey his thoughts to get occupation out of the country without using armed force and by peaceful methods. Eventually, he convinced that it is necessary to use force. As a result of existing conflicts between those who stood up to liberate Algeria, he retired from political action, and yet he didn’t participate in the revolution of 1954 which granted Algeria full independence. Through examining the course of events, we found that the results reached by the researcher are : 1 - Messali Hadj is one of Algerian nationalists who affected the Algerian history and spent most of his live in struggle and resisting French occupation. 2 - National movements appeared in Algeria through national and religious figures after second world war and after returning most of young recruits to the country. 3 - Messali Hadj took part in establishing a party which succeeded in north Africa, where he was one of its founding members and hold leadership of the party in 1927. 4 - Messali Hadj was well known for his national spirit through his enthusiastic speeches for Algerian people or in the international forums. However he followed peaceful methods to present claims of Algerian people and achieve them. So, he decided to seek with all of his strength to submit claims of Algerian people in League of Nations and other conferences which were held to make reconciliation between the occupation and people of Algeria in a way that illustrate the sufferings of Algerians
الملخص:
المصادر:

العلاقات الامريكية - البحرينية 1971 - 1988 : دراسة سياسية عسكرية == The Us - Bahrain Relations 1971 - 1988 A Political Military Study

اسم المؤلف: رجاء رحيم مرسول ال نصر الله
اسم المشرف: قبس ناطق محمد الدليمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: دكتوراه
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Unitd State of America interest in Arabian Gulf began since 1833 represented by send commissionaires as first step.It seeks to show its interest and provide services to strengthen the relations with people of Arabian Gulf through teaching and health services. The American preacher represented American interests and they established centers in Bahrain and other Arabian Gulfs regiins. American interests were developed after its oil companies were awarded the charter of Bahrain oil in the time when it had no true policy towards Arabian Gulf before Second World war It considered it as British domination region.After It particioate in the Second World War with Allies in 1939 its foreign policy started to move. Arabian Gulf entered the regional interests. The negotiations began with Gulf countries to give it military facilitations causing the competition between United States and Britain which its severity eased after end of Second World domination. Through the discussion of the dissertation it appears that the strategic location and huge oil treasures in Arabian Gulf attracted colonists and invaders which saw that liberation of the region from colonialism means eliminate all forms of exploitation and colonialism.Arabiam Gulf exposed to conflicts of greed colonial countries specially Britain an United States that connect Arabian Gulf interests with their monopoly oil companies to maintain the current situation and fight national powers and stand against advaanced thoughts to Arabian Gulf Area. The end of the Second World War is considered as turn point in the nature of American policy towards Arabian Gulf specially its military existence in Bahrain as resulted from Britain withdraw from Arabian Gulf in 1968 and abandin its historical responsibilities in this region. It occurred because of world changes in the end of the Second World War that led to appearance of United State power that entered the region as a strong competitor of Britain policy specially when direct colonialism became not worthy after appearance on indirect forms in which colonial countries maintain their interests without use of military force. Bahrain fears appeared from the results of Britain withdrawal from Arabian Gulf as it feared from Iran greed to control it. Iran use Britain withdrawal to have regional role to serve American interests in Arabian Gulf through American Administration introduce of Nixon principle based on balance of two pillars Saudi Arabia and Iran. Iran occupied the three Arabic islands in cooperation with Britain that controlled Arabian Gulf. Thus the political and military relations was developed after it acquired independency in 1971 where American officials said that Bahrain is the strategic ally out of NATO specially after the change of Iran regime, fall of Shah Mohammed Ridha Baglawy in 1979 and Iran - Iraq war.All that led to establisd Gulf Cooperation Council with Bahrain as Active member in 1981.Also the beginning of American military and political support as it considered it as Arabic organization that aims to make communication and cooperation between the six countries of the Gulf. The military and political cooperation was crystalized between United State and Bahrain as the six consequent and a center for protecting American interests in and a location to watch Iran movements in Gulf coasts. Also United States sought to support military and security defennses of Bahrain defense force. Thus several military and political agreements were made between United States and Bahrain. It provide Bahrin with weapons and military instruments.It supplied modern Bahrain army and strength it for stability of security and protect Bahrain regime from any conspiracy to overthrough it. This study aims to analyze political and military relations between United States and Bahrain in the period (1971 - 1988). The reason behind choosing this period as it is the date of independence of Bahrain in 1971 from Britain occupation that last for one hundred and fifty days in which it spread discrimination between the components of Bahrain and interfere in its internal relation. The year 1988 represented historical stage in Arabian Gulf with the end of Iraq - Iran War and the influence of American role in international politics in Arabian Gulf in general and in Bahrain policy specially. This study explained that the roots of American belongs to earlier stages of modern history. Bahrain state was distinguished by great strategic importance because its geographical relations as it locate on the strait that stretched along Arabian Gulf towards Hermiz strait and to Oman Gulf to represent cross point of communication roads among Asia Africa and Europe. All oil and non - oil exports and imports of the Gulf pass through this road. These reasons give Bahrain exceptional importance for the powers that seek to protect naval transport and oil fields or to attack it.It represent military importance used by United States to established military bases to secure its strategic interests. Also,Bahrain was an important center of energy after the discovery of oil and beginning of production in commercial amounts.Thus the aim of United States in continue flow of oil is behind the trends of American policy towards Bahrain. The policy of Bahrain was not an easy matter after independence. It face several difficulties such As Iran claims of sovereignty on Bahrain Islands. In the beginning the thought was at wide union that includes (Q atar, Bahrain, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Shariqa,, Aas Al Kahima, Um - elqiween, Fujairah and Ajman),but its union with UAE was not successful for many reasons such as the difference of ministerial representation and choose of the union capital. Finally it declare its independence as a sovereign state internationally and Arabic recognized.After overthrough of Shah of Iran in 1979 and declare on Iran Islamic Republic which works against American interests the attitude of Bahrain from new regime in Iran which contrast it ideologically and the reflection of influence of Islamic revolution in iran of internal situation because of Shiite majority that support Iran. These reasons made United States to find a solution to maintain it interests that cinfront risk after the fall of its ally Shah of Iran (the policeman of the gulf). It works on break a long war between Iraq and Iran to weaken the tow countries and deplete their powers. This war achieved many objectives for the United States the most important was to hold Soviet expansion towards Arabian Gulf. It works to find permanent military bases in Bahrain and other Gulf countries. Thus it works to militarize the region to defend its vital interests. This matter made the six gulf states to cooperate to confront international and regionl conflict. They established Gulf Cooperation Council to face the influences of first Gulf War (Iraq - Iran War). United States support Gulf Cooperation Council and deals with it as a world organization. Thus American administration began to interest in Bahrain and makes political and military relation with it. It considered Bahrain as a strategic ally although it is a small country with limited economic. It is from American point of view has a great military features made it of great value to watch Iran coasts through establishing radars devices on the boraders with Iran which seeks to develop its nuclear program to spread its domination on the region. The United States refuses Iran acquiring these weapons which cause other countries attempt to acquired it as well as it sends the Fifth American Squadron to intervene in case of a war breakout or face threat of external force especially Bahrain is politically unstable country. That makes it asking United States for aid and support to stable its internal situation and protect its foreign boarders. The reason behind the researcher choosing this subject is the lack of Arabic library to this subject studies and few studies that deals with this subject. That made the researcher face difficulties in gathering the references and resources related to the study American - Bahrain relation specially in the period of the study Second, it is difficult to travel to Bahrain state to bring documents. The researcher met UAE Ambassador Mr. Salah El - Maliky who refused to give the visa to Bahrain.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الامام حميد بن ابي حميد الطويل ت 341 ه / 067 م سيرته ومروياته التاريخية == Imam Hameed Bin Abu Hameed Altawel His Biography And Historical Mroyate ( 143 AH / 760 AD )

اسم المؤلف: دلير صلاح عبد الرحمن سليمان الجاف
اسم المشرف: عبود حمود شنتاف الرحالي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The ?rst chapter : his name and the nickname, also known as Family and its inception until his death, also took his time and witnessed the private city of Basra, political events and some parts of the Arab and Islamic countries, because he was born and grew up and died in Basra, and he was interested in the application of science and education without being occupied by these events after realized that the scienti?c and intellectual activity that is famous for the city of Basra in the mosque and scientists houses and supervision, including the markets for Mirbid market and the in?ux from scientists from Makkah and Medina , Kufa , Sham and others, who have become Shaikh to him, and his disciples after he won the holiday. Chapter II : dealt with the Shaikhs of Imam Hameed Altach which numbered more than forty - Shaikh was headed by Anas Ibn Malik and Hasan al - Basri, and T habit ibn Aslam and others. Also addressed the students of the Imam Hamid term whose numbers more than ?fty pupils, was led by the Sufian Al thoawri, and Malik ibn Anas and others, and also included the views of the scholars in it. Chapter III : Historical of Mroyate from Adam (peace be upon him) to the Farewell of the Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) and included mention news some prophets such as Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus (peace be upon I them) and the source of the Prophet (Muhammad peace be upon him) and , emigrated to the Al madiana, Moakhah between immigrants and supporters, and his battles and conquests and Saraya. Chapter IV and the last : Mroyate as varied as the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and rumors of some of the women, and the virtues of companions, and food and drink, but morality and justice, retribution, farms and spaces. Some news of the Caliphs and some news about the Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan, and the Caliph Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz also addressed. The conclusion included the most important ?ndings of the study
الملخص:
المصادر:

دور ائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) في الحياة العامة (183 - 256هـ/799 - 870م) == The Role Ahlulbait (Peace Be Upon Them) In Public Life (183 - 256 A.H\ 799 - 870 A.C)

اسم المؤلف: حيدر عبد السادة شداوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم خيطان حسن الياسري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise be to God, who sent down the Criterion to His servant to be a harbinger for workers and peace and blessings on Muhammad, the illiterate Prophet whom God sent a witness and a missionary and a harbinger and calling for God's ear and lamp illuminating. Did not know the history captured as a family of Abi Talib penned glory crown at the junction of jihad lost her right Vttalbh patiently and consistently struggling bad ones cynical of their armies smiling to die crowned right Va - i - hdoa satisfied them comforting their consciences Sabrin Sabra beautiful raises Avannin admiration and admiration and radiates the colors of appreciation and reverence. Tnaasra enemies of the Immaculate family to fight it and invented the invention colors of doom and bulldozed kinds of heinous murder, And they hated the house (peace be upon them), but accused the owners of the right.Ara rulers haters did the Prophet (peace be upon them), but no edema. Sabo and severe shares on children and women and men to abandon their humanity, and in reckless foolish pigmentation foreheads actors Bhnan evil souls and become another of these martyrs (peace be upon them) newly tells the story circulating stories where people find glory and toughness right tale. Vmutiroa him and on choosing and they wrote with their blood because it contains the seed of renewed life. Despite the large number of enemies of this family were unsuccessful attempts to eradicate them fail.In perpetual trip between sheets of history in search of the truth and Tgosaia experience deep human actors struck me some of the names gleaming leading figures who have had the active role the constant and tender in the Islamic Shari'ah service and movement religious scholars over the centuries, is the most prominent of those figures are Ahlulbait peace who can Mtaatbaan them and researchers through the study of their lives and their careers to learn about the broad effort large and hardship they have made in order to uphold the banner of Islam and the preservation of religion from identity theft wrongdoers and interpretation of the ignorant, in addition to their positive attitude is clear about the serious circumstances surrounding the nation and the Islamic, which tried to change the line of Islam on the track after an absence Great Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon God for leadership Theater.With this in mind we've to choose the subject which deals with the biography of some imams Ahlulbayt and their role in public life in the third century and of religious and secular their interests and their responsibilities towards society and the parish at the time, is no secret that when we study the lives of those Imams peace be upon them as a whole and link the activities and attitudes of some some note that the fabric of one and planning an interconnected complements mutually aims to maintain the frequency of the debt through the generations and show Sharia according to the right approach corresponding to the words of God Almighty and the words of the Holy Messenger, bless God and God and peace, or the purpose behind his choice due to several reasons, including : The study in this letter deals with attitudes and opinions of imams peace and their role for them in social life and the other based on the perception of college instead of a fractional view of any perception of the imams in a comprehensive manner is the image of single every front, this thus gives a clearer picture of the roles they undertake all in the life of the Islamic and arguably that on the basis of that view that we go out the results of the largest and broadest of the total outcome of the fractional studies.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الحركة النقابية العمالية في مصر 1952 - 1970 == The Labaur Union Movement In Egypt 1952 - 1970

اسم المؤلف: حنين عبد الله صالح الحديدي
اسم المشرف: احمد عبد الواحد عبد النبي الحلفي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The historical origins stretch for the emergence of the Egyptian working class to the beginning of the twentieth century come into being where her existence as a class.The selection of the 1952 date for the start of the study because it represents the beginning of the regime shift in Egypt from the monarchy to the republican era in Egypt and became a reality trade union under the Bull of which overthrew the monarchy represents the striking hand that her position in the community through its laws and obtained by the strengthened position , while in 1970 was chosen the date of the end of the study the death of Abdel Nasser's strong support of the trade union movement.The nature of the study required to divide the message into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion in which the most important conclusions of the study.Since the beginning of the first chapter dealt with the working class and the labor movement of 1921 - 1939 and the labor movement in the wake of World War II until 1952.He revealed the second chapter about the role of the trade union movement Mn1952 - 1958 and the position of the labor movement of the 1952 revolution and internal developments in Egypt and the evolution of trade union reality of the labor movement.The third chapter discusses the role of Egyptians workers of the political developments in Egypt 1958 - 1961 and the evolution of trade union reality.And singled out the fourth quarter on the Egyptian labor movement Anaqbih 1962 - 1970 and the evolution of trade union reality of the labor movement and the evolution of labor legislation, as well as after a setback June 5 on the workers.The message chapters have shown about the role of unions and political attitudes that have changed the course of political events, including the Great was their role in the liquidation of the dispute between Muhammad Naguib and Nasser, and effective and efficient role in the war as the tripartite aggression coming together with the Egyptian working class in the rest of the working classesThe homeland of the Arab and European countries, and the large role played by workers in the tension of the Egyptian - US relations through the crisis of the ship Kilobacrh and force allied countries against the ship to bow at the end of the crisis.vdila positions and the role of the workers in that period, they have received many privileges and legislation issued in their right where they have lifted them as a class position in Egyptian society
الملخص:
المصادر:

عطاء بن ابي رباح (ت115هـ/733م) ومروياته التاريخية == Historical Uarrativco Of Atah Bin Abi Rabah

اسم المؤلف: حميد صبار عواد الزوبعي
اسم المشرف: فاروق عبد الرزاق حسين الالوسي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Messa has given the Islamic Arabian culture the gist of its intellect and introduced to history celebrated intellectuals in poetry prose , linguistics and morality. It is represented by Islamic intellectual and prominent leaders. By the generous effort of the educational circle , the researcher intends to study all aspects of Messa,s intellect in Biography through one of its most prominent figures. i.e, Imam Atah Bin Abi Rabah who is not given attention and studied though he is one of the most famous narrators , in addition to the importance of his historical narrative. Thus he is chosen to be the subject of this thesis because of his importance and because of the necessity of studying this figure. The aim of the study is to present his scientific life that his predecessors started and who made of Mecca a beacon for science and knowledge. It is important to shed light on the heritage of those begotten by Mecca and who through history , are immortalized because of their great deeds and giving's. The historical narrative of Atah Bin Abi Rabah which are found in many source are of great importance in the study of Biography. This is not high lightened before by researchers. Thus this thesis aim at clearing the mystery around this figure by concentrating on him and his historical narratives
الملخص:
المصادر:

البنك المركزي العراقي 1947 - 1964 : دراسة تاريخية == The Central Bank Of Iraq 1947 - 1964 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: حسين زعيل حالوب الموسوي
اسم المشرف: اميرة حسين محمود الكريمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Central Bank is considered the ultimate financial government facility that governs mainly on the banking and financial system of each country. The responsibility of this central bank is to issue the currency and working as an advocate to the government, and monitoring other branching banking systems. In addition, they central bank monitors the credit to support the economic growth of the country. The central bank carries on its shoulder the economic stability of the country. Due to the significance of this facility, it behooves me to uncover the history of central bank of Iraq. The idea of founding the central bank of Iraq goes back to 1920 after the formation of the first Iraqi government. The government decided to obtain and solidify the economic independence. The British experts who were assigned on this mission recommended to form a primary currency committee to be situated later in London. As a result of the consistent demands of Iraqi people to found an independent central bank, the authorities later subdued and issued the Iraqi law of currency No. 44 of the year 1931. Based on this law, the Iraqi committee of currency was formed. After the WWII in 1939 - 1945 the idea of the central bank surfaced the public demands but due to internal and external circumstances interfered and delayed the foundation. The year 1947 witnessed the issuance of Law No.42 of the year 1947. The Central Bank of Iraq was founded accordingly. This Central Bank is considered one of the oldest banks in Middle East. The bank initiated its activities in July 11 1947 and was considered a symbol of national independence. According to the Law No. 42 of 1947 (The Iraqi National Currency Law), the jurisdictions of issuing currency was assigned to the Iraqi National Bank. The Iraqi National Bank influenced the growth of Iraqi economy especially after thoughtfully spreading its financial policy through loans to banking faculties with easy interests and limiting interest levels that the bank receives on discounted offers of the trade banks. Due to that thoughtful banking policy, the country transformed from a depending financial system (Currency Committee) to a semi - independent financial system but connected indirectly to the Sterling Zone of British government. In 1949, the Iraqi National Bank initiated its activities as a fully authorized central Bank. The first currency bills were coined in that year that carries its logo in September 17th 1950. By the same year, the Central Bank started to monitor international transactions in addition to legislating the law of banks monitoring No. 34 of 1950. Moreover, in 1956, the Iraqi government’s accounts and deposits were transferred from Al - Rafidain Bank to The Iraqi National Bank and the same year witnessed the birth of law No. 72 detailing the Iraqi Central Bank policy. According to this law, the terms of the National Bank were drawn and witnessed an increase in its capital to reach 15 Iraqi millions. In July 1958, the Kingdom regime was toppled in Iraq and was replaced by the Republican regime. This transformation of government regime overshadowed many of the Iraqi government laws of which was the Iraqi currency law. In July 1959, the Iraqi government issued law No. 92 of 1959 (The Iraqi law of currency). According to this law, a new set of currency bills was issued that carried the logo of the Iraqi Republic Regime. In the same month, Iraq declared its independence from the Sterling Zone and accomplished the complete economic independence. Later, the mission of managing the Iraqi financial policy was assigned to the Central Bank of Iraq. Fast forward to July 1960, an official decision was made by the Iraqi government forbade the transactions of any currency other than that one carrying the logo of the Republic of Iraq. This decision was implemented in 31st of January 1961. It is worth to mention that the year 1961 witnessed the encoding of another law. The law is entitled 19th to monitor the foreign transactions. According to this law, the Central Bank was assigned main authorities to monitor foreign transactions. Additionally, the very law stipulated that all forms of payment other than Iraqi currency is subject to rules of foreign transactions policies. The Central Bank of Iraq during the period of 1947 through 1964 exercised bureaucratic activities without significant influence on the economic growth since it was chained to proceed according to the Sterling Zone and the internal government policies that crippled and subdued it. In conclusion, on the 14th of July 1964, the Communist laws were legislated to nationalize multiple Iraqi facility from the foreign control. One of the nationalized facilities was the economic facility of which was the national Bank of Iraq
الملخص:
المصادر:

الرواية التاريخية في كتاب (غرر الفوائد ودرر القلائد) للشريف المرتضى المتوفى (436هـ/1044م) == The Historical Novel In The Book (Ghurar Al - Fawaed And Durar Al - Qalaed) For Al - Sharif Al - Murtadha Deceased (436 AH / 1044 Ac)

اسم المؤلف: حسام داخل علي
اسم المشرف: مثنى فليفل سلمان الفضلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: We have cemented in the mind of many of us, that foreign control of resources of any country, especially if that control directly. It will lead to paralysis and disable a lot of those institutions of a political nature was the mother of the state's social or scientific, but perhaps in all walks of life. However, the specialist study of history, and from the history of Islam, could be up after research and investigation and take the necessary time to study a certain period of time, while making painstaking effort between the folds of historical pages, up to the facts may be a far cry from what we have referred to in advance, but may prove Facts new historical, that the foreign occupation and domination of Atakhlu positive effects in certain aspects of the life of that society. Including the period of our research and tagged {historical novel in the book (and pearls tricked benefits necklaces) for Sharif Murtada deceased (436 AH / 1044 AD)}. Since Albuehip control (334 - 447h / 945 - 1055m), the bulk of the capabilities of the Abbasid state in Baghdad. And who directly. As dazzling and striking at this stage is the development of a lot of aspects, including the activity and the growth of the scientific movement in Baghdad, because of this close association nature of our address, where the spread of the seminars that are part of that growth and intellectual activity and scientific. For this Fmma is no doubt that Mr. Murtada and his family the top is one of those productions for that time period. However, this does not mean that does not lead us to say that without this occupation because it is apparent that Mr. Galilee, but we want to say that with all the negatives that accompanies any foreign control over the destiny of a country, perhaps she the same time be a catalyst for the advancement of society in the areas of what, was the prophet Sharif Murtada, who wowed the Muslim world Bsjalath intellectual many in number and type, and his works, became the flag of the Islamic nation and Jhbma of Jhabztha in that historical period, and this is seen by many scientists and historians until he became named Sharif star with doctrine Imami duodenum, but an old man of the great elders, which issued the religious leadership of the Shia Imami. And he had a clear role in preserving the heritage of the Islamic nation in general, and especially the Shia Ithna; Mr. Sharif alMurtaza was the repository of many of the sciences that Nhlha of his teachers and elders Venerable, who schooled on their hands, and is reflected in the variety of his compositions. It was so scientific encyclopedia for Aanill trough, Venhl of his abundant many students, his home until he became a popular destination and a platform for seminars. That the purpose of the study of this inimitable personal and that was particularly important in forensic science and scientific Bmosusah, which dominated the scientific character, which some called to deny him a depth of knowledge of historical events, which are an essential part of the scientific personality, and that the cave between the folds of novels and historical events for different ages we have quoted in chapters of this letter, which addressed one of his books that we are going to study them. History as we know, is built on the foundations of a very important time and place is human, the group including the individual, and these pillars are often shared by many human sciences, and perhaps in the forefront of forensic science. The study of any authorized branches can not resign from the study of history according to each individual subject. Therefore, we find that the book (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces) has contained a lot of the verses of the Holy Quran and the Hadith, and support Mr. Murtada all that a lot of poetry and prose, was that Mr. Murtada one of Avmaz and the pillars of the Islamic world in general, and Imami jurisprudence duodenum in particular. The fact that all scientific effort is not without its small difficulties were large and is connected nature of the subject to be searched, so we see that the book methodology (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces) for Sharif Murtada had neglected to mention the bulk of the dates of the events and historical novels cited mention poked jurisprudential Besides very brief in the matter of historical facts, which require listed, and the historic nature of our approach to this study, exposure to refer to most of the historical sources that we have reached, and which varied in the disruption. The goal is to reach the origin of the novel or the historic event after viewing the report by Mr. Murtada in his ambiguity on those sources to determine the proportion of congruence and difference and in doing so get out the fact that historic event, and that too with the help of the views of some historians modern and views regarding dictum by writing this letter. One of the things that have been neglected in the book of ambiguity is not to mention the dates of those events. But we and the help of God we were able to evacuate this difficulty through what we mentioned above, the nature of the approach taken, where shows that between the folds of the chapters of this letter which contained this introduction, four chapters and an epilogue, came the first chapter, addressing in three axes, the first of which may be defined on the Biography vitae of Mr. Murtada and his family are honest, while the second axis has included mention of scientific life of Mr. Murtada and definition elders Mr. Murtada who are Oaazationm Imami elders who have the NHL galore knowing Shaykh Saduq (d. 381 AH / 991 AD), and Sheikh useful (d 413 AH / 1022 AD), with claims of Prophet Murtada Imami Twelver after his death, came in this axis also mentioned a number of his students venerable, who popularized prominence throughout the Muslim world Kalnjashi (d. 450 AH / 1058 AD), and Tusi (d. 460 AH / 1067 AD) and others, and is no doubt that such a world must leave the inter literature and workbooks that formed Aretha major scientific percent exceeded author in various forms of knowledge as we got it today, has become an important source should be referred to in the study, each according to its requirements, particularly for students of jurisprudence Imami duodenum, even scientists and historians said the sayings with altitude its status, it is what we see in a few right. Finally, the third axis of this chapter we dealt with the book that we have studied and we were able, with God's help come up with all the information arcane detail about him, the reasons for the book Voahtna named and described the nature of his themes and so on. The second chapter, which collected the historical narrative of the three eras, the pre - Islamic era and the message finally caliphate and the reason for this combination are the requirements of scientific methodology in finding a balance between the chapters of the message. It was the third quarter came under the historical novel of the era of the Umayyad address. And Mr. Murtada Khtmanaha era historical novel, the meaning here Abbasid era... and that was a title for the fourth quarter and last. And we finished our study to prove and install a number of findings that resulted during our trip school with these wonderful and personal meditation in his book (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces), which is also known Balomala... All of this was under Conclusion address. In conclusion, we ask God Almighty to have been successful for the completion of this message and to gain satisfaction and satisfaction of Muhammad and the pure satisfaction of our Lord Sharif al - Murtaza (Jerusalem secret); and finally satisfaction of my professors Distinguished members of the defense committee, which Sevadon the views and perspectives of scientific view and that will fill some of the gaps that scientific effort, which would make it more scientific and sedate. Vdzahm God and the people of prophecy House (peace be upon them), the best penalty box. The penalty for them is to pray for them Bmofiqih safety and security for themselves and their beloved Iraq. Peace, mercy and blessings of God.
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