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هجرة الاتراك الى المانيا الاتحادية 1961 - 1990م == The Migration Of Turks To Federal Germany (1961 - 1990)
Author name:
ريزان جلال احمد
Supervisor name:
صباح مهدي رميض القريشي
General topic:
History
Specific topic:
Modern and Contemporary History
Degree:
Doctorate
University:
University of Baghdad - Ibn Rushd College Of Education For Human Sciences
Language:
Arabic
University location:
Baghdad
First pages:
11T2796 - p.pdf
Abstract:
After the Second World War, Turkey has confronted hard economic conditions, in addition to the defeat of Germany in the Second World War; a matter caused great destruction in its infrastructure and economic facilities as well as great causalities. All these reasons caused shortage in the labor market; a matter affected the country reconstruction capabilities, especially after creating Berlin's wall, which means that the man power was required, therefore the immigration was opened to many countries including Turkey since 1961. Thus, the dissertation was titled (The Immigration of Turks to Federal Germany 1961 - 1990, historical study). The dissertation was divided into four chapters, introduction and conclusion. The first chapter viewed the course of the political situations in both countries after the Second World War until 1960). This chapter contained two inquiries; the first one consisted of three articles, the first one was (Turkey and the developments of the political internally and externally), while the second one came under the title (The Democratic party and establishing the Turkish state’s Firms 1950 - 1960). The third one was titled (Turkey and the foreign relations system 1945 - 1960). The second inquiry discussed the problems of the Second World War and its consequences on Germany, reconstruction plans and the economic developments during the period (1945 - 1960). The second chapter discussed the subject of Turks immigration reasons, motivations and attraction factors of the receiving country the first migration attempts, where it included three inquiries, the first on came under the title (The Turkish immigration, its motivations and reasons), while the second one was titled (The attraction factors of the receiving country (Federal Germany) for the Turkish immigrants). The third inquiry was allocated to the (First attempts of Turkish workers migration and looking for work opportunities in Federal Germany. The third chapter discussed the (Turkish - German migration agreement, its terms, conditions and reflections on the Turkish immigrants in Federal Germany 1961 - 1974), where it consist of five inquiries; the first one discussed the prefaces of concluding the agreement and its conditions, while the second inquiry was allocated to the (Agreement of 30 November 1961 and its legal frame and joint work mechanisms). The third inquiry continued a brief on the (Geographical distribution map according to the rates of the immigrants from the Turkish governorates 1961 - 1974). The fourth inquiry discussed the (Backgrounds of Turkish immigrants and categorizing them according to educational qualification, professional diversity and the internal and external effects. The fifth inquiry was allocated to the (First generation of Turkish immigrants, review to their social and living conditions in the new home 1961 - 1974). The fourth chapter was titled "increasing the level of the Turkish immigration to Federal Germany and the position of the federal government of it 1974 - 1990). It included four inquiries, the first one came under the title (The Turkish immigrants and the pressure of the German laws to restrict the migration), while the second inquiry has discussed (The problems of Turkish immigrants to Federal Germany). The title of the third inquiry was (The Muslim Turks immigrants between the acceptance of Germans and their rejects). The fourth inquiry, was (Interfaces activity of Turkish immigrants in Federal Germany 1974 - 1990). The dissertation has reached several conclusions, including the declined Turkish economy, which caused wide protest among the people against the economic policy of Turkish government that caused economic problems especially in countryside; in addition to the increase of unemployment rates, which led to immigration to Federal Germany. Turkish Kurdistan suffered from severe backwardness in comparison with other Turkish regions. They also suffered from forcing the displacement to the west areas of Turkey, which caused the emergence of several Kurdish movements in these areas, but all were depressed by the state, a matter led to the migration of those people to Federal Germany, escaping oppression and demanding better life conditions. The Turkish migration to the Federal Germany called the guest workers according to the Turkish - German agreement of 30 October 1961, to fill the gap of working hands, to reconstruct Germany. Women had a share in the Turkish migration, but less than the men. The Turkish migration to Germany continued in spite of the ban of employment in 1973, and the strict procedures imposed by the German government. Perhaps the most outstanding problem from which the Turkish migrants suffers was the identity and assimilation to the new home, where many Germans consider Muslims as unable to assimilate to the Western culture. The guest workers of the first generation were not considered immigrated workers, but they are formed with their families a Turkish cultural and economic community known as the ghetto. The Turkish migrants to Germany established societies and political organizations, which took the task of demanding their rights in Turkey. For the reverse immigration, a very little portion of the Turkish immigrates, especially the first generation decided to return home, while the second and third generations had preferred to stay in their new home. However, the decision to reunite the two Germanys had affected the level of Turkish migration to, and did not prosper until more than 3 years.
Summary:
11T2796 - A.pdf
References:
11T2796 - R.pdf
