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الكشف عن اصابات بكتريا التدرن Mycobacterium tuberculosis باستخدام تقنيات تشخيصية مختلفة في محافظة بابل == Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections using Different diagnostic Techniques in Babylon Province

اسم المؤلف: عبد الستار اسود كوكز
اسم المشرف: جواد كاظم طراد الخفاجي | هادي محمد علي الموسوي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تهدف الدراسة الى المقارنة بين بعض التقنيات المستخدمة في التشخيص السريع لمرض التدرن في محافظة بابل باستخدام كل من Gene X - pert وAFB وReal Time PCR. وكذلك التحري عن معايير المناعية التي تتضمن التركيز المصلي لكل من IL - 2 وIgG وIgM لمصول مرضى التدرن. جمعت العينات المطلوبة لانجاز العمل من (60) شخص يشتبه اصابتهم بمرض التدرن والذين راجعو المركز التخصصي للامراض الصدرية والتنفسية بمدينه الحلة خلال الفترة من شباط الى حزيران 2015. بينت النتائج ان نسبه مرضى التدرن من الذكور هي 64% والاناث 36%, ضمن مدى الاعمار (15 - 74سنه) .اظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة بان تشخيص مرض التدرن باستخدام كل من Gene X - pert وReal Time PCR نسبة حساسيه لكليهما بالنسبة لAFB موجب 100%. لكن Gene X - pert قد سجل 66% وReal Time PCR قد سجل 58% بالنسبة لAFB سالب. ونسبة الحساسية ل AFB 16,6%.حددت تسعة وثلاثون عينه موجبه لبكتريا التدرن من مجموع 60 مريض مشتبه اصابتهم ببكتريا التدرن قد حددت باستخدام Gene X - pert وكان منها (10 عينات عالية المقاومة و13 عينة متوسطة المقاومة و11 عينة واطئة المقاومة و9 عينات حساسة ) ل Rifampicin.اظهرت المعايير المناعية وجود زياده معنوية في معدل تركيز IL - 2 في مرضى التدرن غير المعالجين على حساب المعالجين ومجموعة السيطرة وكذلك زيادة في المعالجين على حساب مجموعة السيطرة. بين المتوسط الحسابي IL - 2 لغير المعالجين اعلى قيمة (196,429±69,139 بيكوغرام/ملي لتر) ويليه للاشخاص المعالجين (96,997±27,113 بيكوغرام/مليلتر) والاصحاء (78,997±0,909 بيكو غرام/مليلتر). عندما كانت قيمة P. value بين المرضى غير المعالجين والمعالجين (0,003) وجود زياده واضحه. وغير المعالجين ومجموعة السيطرة (0,005) وجود زياده واضحه. والمعالجين ومجموعة السيطرة (0,521) لا يوجد زياده واضحه. اظهرت المعايير المناعية وجود زياده معنوية في معدل تركيز الجسم المضاد IgG في مصول مرضى التدرن غير المعالجين على حساب المرضى المعالجين كالتالي : (22,09±1,299 غرام/لتر و17,376±2,494 غرام /لتر) على التوالي والقيمة الطبيعية في الاشخاص الاصحاء هي (6,3 - 16 غرام/لتر) عندما كانت P. value تساوي (0,01> P ) . لا توجد زياده معنويه في معدل تركيز الجسم المضاد IgM في مصول مرضى التدرن غير المعالجين والمعالجين (1,584±0,559غرام/لتر 1,143±0,492 غرام/لتر) على التوالي والقيمة الطبيعية هي (0,3 - 2,5غرام/على لتر) عندما كانت 0,05P. value > | The study aims at comprise between some techniques using for rapidly detecting tuberculosis cases among Babylon population and to limit the prevalence rate. This objective is achieved by the following : Collection of sputum and blood from study group who are suspected to have TB infection, molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients samples using Real - Time PCR, Gene X - pert, and demonstration of immune response (IL - 2, IgG, and IgM) in TB patients. The samples of sputum and blood were collected from sixty patients suspected of having TB, in the Specialized Chest and Respiratory Center, Babylon, City during the period from February to June 2015. TB patients consisted of 28 (64%) males and 15 females (36%), with an age range from 15 to 74 years old. Gene X - pert MTB/RIF and Real - Time PCR techniques given sensitivity for AFB positive (100%) and AFB negative (66%, and 58%) respectively. AFB sensitivity is (16.6%), and the specificity is (100%) for all in the present study. Gene X - pert showed that forty three were TB positive from sixty suspected TB patients, and there are 10 with high resistance, 13 with medium resistance, 11 with low resistance, and 9 were sensitive to rifampicin. Serum level of Interleukin - 2 (IL - 2) in untreated TB patients, treated TB patients and control group showed significant differences. IL - 2 in untreated TB patients show high mean (169.429±69.139 pg/ml), followed by treated patients (96.997±27.113 pg/ml), and control group (78.997±0.909 pg/ml). The untreated v.s treated P. value (P<0.003) significant, untreated v.s control P. value is (0.005) significant, and treated V.s control P. value is (0.521) non - significant. Serum level means of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in untreated TB patients and treated TB patients show significant difference. The mean of IgG in untreated patients was higher than in the treated patients, there are (22.094± 1.299g/L, and 17. 376± 2.494 g/L, respectively), significantly P. value is (P<0.01) and the normal value of IgG is (6.3 - 16 g/L). Serum level means of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in untreated TB patients and treated TB patients showed non - significant difference. The IgM mean value in whole groups of the study had located in the normal value, the mean of IgM in the untreated patients is (1.584± 0.559 g/L), treated patients is (1.143± 0.492 g/L), (P. value >0.05), and normal value is (0.3 - 2.5 g/l).

علاقة هورمونات الغرلين, اللبتين, غلوكاغون والانسولين بمقاومة الانسولين بمرضى السمنة والناس الغير مصابين بالسمنة == Relationship between Ghrelin, Leptin, Glucagon and Insulin with Insulin Resistance in Obese Patients and Non - Obese Individuals

اسم المؤلف: دعاء مهدي عمران
اسم المشرف: علي حسين البياتي | سعد مرزة الاعرجي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعتبرالسمنة وباءا عالميا حيث انها تؤثرفي حوالي اكثر من 2 مليار شخص حول العالم حتى عام2013, ان ارتفاع نسبة انتشار السمنة في كل من البلدان المتقدمة والنامية كانت نتيجة لعدد من الاسباب والتي تتمثل بالبيئة، الوراثة الطبية مثل اضطراب الغدد الصماء، والعلاج مثل العقاقير المضادة للذهان والمنشطات الستيرويدية, ان اغلب الناس البدينين يكونون عرضة للاخطار الكبيرة حيث تعرضهم للمضاعفات كداء السكري وارتفاع ضغط الدم وتصلب الشرايين، ومشاكل المفاصل، وامراض السرطان وخاصة السرطانات المحفزة بالهرمون، بالاضافة الى مشاكل في الجهاز التنفسي وغيرها من المضاعفات الاخرى, ان الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو اظهار تاثير زيادة الوزن على تمثيل تاهورمونات التالية : الغرلين, اللبتين, الانسولين والغلوكاكون في المرضى المصابين بالسمنة مع او بدون مقاومة الانسولين ومقارنتهم بالناس الغير مصابين بالسمنة مع او بدون مقاومة الانسولين, تم اخذ 100 شخصا منهم 50 شخصا مصابين بالسمنة و50 شخصا غير مصابين للفترة بين شهر كانون الثاني 2015 وشهر حزيران 2016 بمعدل اعمار بلغ (34.00±9.43) بالنسبة لمرضى السمنة و(34.50±7.40) بالنسبة للاشخاص الغير مصابين بالسمنة, تم الاعتماد على معامل كتلة الجسم لتفريق المجموعتين وتم سؤال الجميع حول ان كانوا مصابين بامراض معينة او يتناولون ادوية معينة تؤثر في وزنهم, وتم مختبريا اجراء الفحوصات التالية : فحص نسبة السكر في الدم, هورمون الانسولين, هورمون الغلوكاكون, هورمون اللبتين, هورمون الغرلين وتم قياس مقاومة الانسولين حسب المعادلة بين الانسولين والسكرو اظهرت النتائج وجود فرق معنوي بين المجموعتين (p value ≤ 0.05) فيما يخص اختلاف الجنس والتعليم وكذلك اختلافا معنويا (p value ≤ 0.05) فيما يخص الفحوصات المختبرية لنسبة السكر في الدم, نسبة هورمون الانسولين, هورمون اللبتين ومقاومة الانسولين فيما لم تظهر فرقا فيما يخص هورموني الغرلين والكلوكاكون.اعتمد الباحث في تعريب المصطلحات العلمية على : المعجم الطبي الموحد - انكليزي - عربي. رئيس التحرير د. محمود الجليلي - الطبعة الرابعه 2009 م , مطبعة المجمع العلمي العراقي. | Obesity is representing a global epidemic that affecting more than 2 billion peoples around the world on 2013. The obesity prevalence has risen in both developed and developing countries. Many causes have been implicated for developing obesity such as : environmental, hereditary, medical disease like endocrine disorders furthermore, some medication like antipsychotic drugs and steroids. Obese people are at high risk to develop much complication such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, joints problems, cancers especially hormone dependent, respiratory problems and others. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of increase in weight on the clinical presentation of Ghrelin, Leptin, Insulin, and Glucagon in obese patients with or without Insulin resistance and compare it to that of non - obese individuals with or without Insulin resistance, one hundred people are included in this study attending Marjan medical city from December 2015 till June 2016, a fifty normal non - obese and fifty obese, the overall mean age of patients and controls were (34.00±9.43) and (34.50±7.40) years old, respectively, they are classified according to body mass index after measuring their weight, height, the mean BMI of case patients was (39.23±6.71 kg/m²) and (23.08±1.19 kg/m²) for the control individuals, a general questionnaire were done for all patients and control for diagnosis excluded disease and any treatment that effect on obesity, the investigations that were done include : fasting blood sugar with hormonal testing is performed by ELISA kits examining Serum Insulin, Glucagon, Leptin and Ghrelin and the results of this study showed a significantly higher difference in percentage (p value ≤ 0.05) between study and control groups concerning education and gender. Regarding investigation there is significantly higher difference in percentage (p value ≤ 0.05) between study and control groups in parameters of fasting blood sugar, HOMA IR, Leptin and Insulin, while no significant difference (p value ˃ 0.05) in percentage between study and control for Ghrelin hormone and Glucagon hormone, so the conclusion of the results of this study support the evidence that obesity associated with Insulin Resistance, high level of Insulin and Leptin hormones and low concentrations of Ghrelin hormone, while it did not found a link with Glucagon hormone

دراسة بكتريولوجية وجزيئية لبكتريا Proteus mirabilis معزولة من عينات مختلفة == Bacteriological and Molecular Study of Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Different Clinical Samples

اسم المؤلف: ختام فاضل عباس
اسم المشرف: جواد كاظم الخفاجي | ميساء صالح الشكري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تلخصت هذه الدراسة بجمع وتشخيص P. mirabilis حيث عزلت وشخصت سبعة عشر عزلة (12.6%) عائدة الى بكتريا P. mirabilis من 135 عينة جمعت من مصادر مختلفة من المرضى المراجعين الى مستشفى الحلة الجراحي خلال الفترة من (تشرين الاول 2014 الى شباط 2015). عدد ونسبة العزلات التي تم الحصول عليها من مرضى المجاري البولية 11(64%)و التهاب الاذن 3(17%) . بالاضافة الى ذلك نسبة العزلات التي تم الحصول عليها من مرضى الاسهال والجروح والتهابات المهبل من كل حالة 1(5.9%). العزلات التي تم الحصول عليهزارعت في اوساط خاصة وشخصت بايوكيميائيا وبكتريولوجيا.من خلال التحري عن بعض عوامل الضراوة وجد ان جميع العزلات (100%) قادرة على انتاج الهيمولايسين ، اليورييز، البروتسين وظاهرة الانثيال. تم الكشف على انتاج البيتالاكتميزلجميع العزلات المقاومة لمضادات البيتا لاكتام بحسب طريقة Rapid Iodiometric وبينت نتائج الدراسة ان16(94.1%) من العزلات منتجة للبيتالاكتميز. اظهرت نتائج الدراسة قابلية جميع العزلات على مقاومة بعض المضادات الحياتية فقد بينت النتائج بان كل العزلات كانت مقاومة كليا 17(100%) الى Imipenem كما ان اغلب العزلات كانت حساسة الى Ertapenem حيث ان نسبة المقاومة فقط 3(17.6%). علاوة على ذلك مقاومة العزلات لمختلف المضادات الحياتية فحصت وظهرت ان العزلات مقاومة بنسب مختلفة 14(82.3%) منهم اعطت مقاومة الى Amoxicillin وCefotaxime , 9 (52.9%) منهم اعطت مقاومة الى Amoxiclave, 11(64.7 %) منهم اعطت مقاومة الى Ceftriaxone و4(23.5%) منهم اعطت مقاومة الى Cefepime Clavulanic acid.لجينات المشفرة عوامل الضراوة لبكتريا P. mirabilis كشفت باستخدام تقنية تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل PCR)). ظهرت النتائج ان كل عزلات البكتريا اعطت نتيجة موجبة للجين rsbA, luxS, pm1, mrpA ,ureC مع عدد ونسبة ,(53%)9 7(41%), 8(47%),,(35%)6 ,(18%)3 بالتعاقب. | This study is devoted to isolation and identification of Proteus mirabilis; 17 isolates of P. mirabilis have been isolated and identified out of one hundred thirty five clinical specimens obtained from patients attending to Hilla teaching Hospital during a period from October 2014 to February 2015. The number and percentage of isolates obtained from patients with urinary tract infections was 11(64.7%), and ear infection 3(17.6%). Other isolates obtained from patients with diarrhea, wound and vaginal infection that each case has percentage 1(5.9%). The isolates obtained have been cultured in selective media and biochemically assay. Some virulence factors of all isolates are studied, and the results showed that all bacterial isolates 17(100%) produced hemolysin, urease, Bacteriocin (proticin) and swarming. The detection of β - lactamase production is performed according to Rapid Iodometric Method and the result is shown that 16(94.1%) of isolate produced beta - lactamase. Antibiogram of P. mirabilis isolates has been studied and it has been found that all isolates were entirely resistant to Imipenem 17(100%), while most of the P. mirabilis isolates were sensitive to Ertapenem so the resistant only 3(17.6%). Furthermore, the resistance of isolates to a variety of antibiotics has been investigated and found that these isolates have been resistant to more than one antibiotic : 14(82.3%) to Amoxicillin and Cefotaxime, also 9(52.9%) of them were resistant to Amoxiclave, 11(64.7%) of them were resistant to Ceftriaxone and 4(23.5%) of them were resistant to Cefepime Clavulanic acid. Virulence factors encoding genes of P. mirabilis is detected by using polymerase chain reaction PCR. It is found that all bacterial isolates gave positive result for ureC, mrpA, pm1, luxS and rsbA with number and percentage 3(18%), 6(35%), 7(41%), 8(47%), 9(53%) respectively

هرموني اللبتين والرزستين وعلاقتهما مع الجهد التاكسدي في مرض البقع المزمنة للصدفية == Correlation of Leptin and Resistin with Oxidative Stress in Chronic Plaque Psoriasis

اسم المؤلف: احمد محمد فاضل جواد المختار
اسم المشرف: عبد السميع حسن الطائي | محمد كاظم الحطاب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الصدفية هو مرض جلدي شائع يصيب 1 - 3 ٪ من سكان العالم ويتميز بالتهاب مزمن في خلايا بشرة الجلد مع تغيرات غير طبيعية في نضوج الخلايا الكيراتينية. تتراكم الادلة على دور السايتوكينات بما في ذلك الاديبوكينات مثل اللبتين والرزستين في التسبب بمرض الصدفية. ومن ناحية اخرى تتزايد الادلة على شمول الصدفية في الاجهاد التاكسدي نظرا لتعرض الجلد لاصناف الاوكسجين الفعالة، والتي تلعب دورا مهما في الاستجابات الالتهابية .الاهداف : تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى تقييم مستويات هرمونات اللبتين والرزستين، اضافة الى تقدير الاجهاد التاكسدي عن طريق قياس مستويات مضادات الاكسدة الكلوتاثايون والقدرة الكلية لمضادات الاكسدة وناتج اكسدة الدهون المالونيل ثنائي الالديهايد كمؤكسد في مرضى الصدفية ومجموعة من الاصحاء كمجموعة سيطرة في دراسة للحالات والشواهد. كما تهدف الدراسة الى التقصي عن العلاقة بين الاجهاد التاكسدي ومستويات اللبتين والرزستين فضلا عن دور هذه الاديبوكينات في توليد الاجهاد التاكسدي عند المرضى والاصحاء. المواد وطرق العمل : صممت هذه الدراسة كدراسة للحالات والشواهد. وشملت هذه الدراسة خمسين مريضا (30 ذكرا و20 انثى) مصابين بمرض الصدفية واربعين شخصا ( 20 ذكرا و20 انثى) اصحاء ظاهريا كمجموعة سيطرة بسن وجنس متوافقين. وكان متوسط العمر (45.47 ± 17.58) للذكور و(30.4 ± 19.33) للاناث لمرضى الصدفية ، وكان متوسط العمر لمجموعة السيطرة (46.35 ± 16.66) للذكور و(29.8 ± 12.25) للاناث. وقد اجريت هذه الدراسة في عيادة الامراض الجلدية في مستشفى مرجان التعليمي في مدينة الحلة، خلال الفترة من تشرين الثاني 2015 الى حزيران 2016. شخص مرضى الصدفية سريريا من قبل طبيب مختص. واجريت الاختبارات البدنية مثل مؤشر شدة مرض الصدفية ومؤشر كتلة الجسم بطرق منهجية.قدر هرموني اللبتين والرزستين بواسطة تقنية الفحص المناعي للانزيم المرتبط. وقدر الكلوتاثايون بوساطة تقنية كروماتوغرافيا السائل عالية الاداء، في حين تم تقدير القدرة الكلية لمضادات الاكسدة والمالونيل ثنائي الالديهايد بوساطة الطرق اللونية.النتائج : اظهرت نتائج الدراسة زيادة معنوية في مستويات هرموني اللبتين والرزستين والمالونيل ثنائي الالديهايد ، في حين اظهرت انخفاضا معنويا في مستويات الكلوتاثايون والقدرة الكلية لمضادات الاكسدة عند مرضى الصدفية بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. لم يكن هناك ارتباطا معنويا بين الاديبوكينات اللبتين والرزستين مع مؤشر كتلة الجسم، بينما كان هناك ارتباطا معنويا موجبا مع مؤشر شدة مرض الصدفية. ووجدت علاقة معنوية سالبة بين الاديبوكينات ومضادات الاكسدة. في حين كانت العلاقة بين الاديبوكينات وناتج اكسدة الدهون المالونيل ثنائي الالديهايد علاقة معنوية موجبة. ووجدت ايضا العلاقات بين مؤشر شدة مرض الصدفية مع متغيرات الاجهاد التاكسدي كما هو الحال في علاقاته مع الاديبوكينات. الاستنتاجات : تقترح الدراسة الحالية شمول مرضى الصدفية بالاجهاد التاكسدي بوضوح من ملاحظة الانخفاض المعنوي في مستويات مضادات الاكسدة الكلوتاثايون والقدرة الكلية لمضادات الاكسدة والزيادة المعنوية في مستويات ناتج اكسدة الدهون المالونيل ثنائي الالديهايد، وكان ارتباط الاجهاد التاكسدي هذا ارتباطا معنويا مع شدة الصدفية.وجدت الدراسة ارتفاعا معنويا في مستويات هرموني اللبتين والرزستين في المرضى، وكان هذا الارتفاع يتناسب بشكل معنوي وطردي مع شدة مرض الصدفية. ووجدت الدراسة الحالية علاقة معنوية بين مستويات هرموني اللبتين والرزستين مع متغيرات الاجهاد التاكسدي، الامر الذي يدعم فكرة مساهمة اللبتين والرزستين في توليد الجذور الحرة والاجهاد التاكسدي في الصدفية. لذلك تقترح الدراسة ان هرموني اللبتين والرزستين قد يكونان السبب او قد يساهمان في توليد الاجهاد التاكسدي المرافق للصدفية وبعدة طرق | Psoriasis is a common skin disease affects 1 - 3% of the worldwide and is characterized by chronic inflammation of the skin epidermal cells with abnormal changes in the maturation of keratinocytes. There is accumulating evidence on the role of cytokines including adipokines such as leptin and resistin in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. On the other hand, increasing evidence was reported that psoriasis is involved in oxidative stress due to exposure of skin to reactive oxygen species, which play an important role in inflammatory responses. Objectives : The present study aims to evaluate the levels of leptin and resistin as well as, oxidative stress via measuring the levels of antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidant in patients with psoriasis and healthy controls in case control study. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and leptin and resistin levels as well as the role of these adipokines in the generation of oxidative stress in patients and healthy control.Subjects and Methods : This study was designed as a case control. Fifty patients (30 males, 20 females) with psoriasis and forty (20 males, 20 females) apparently healthy persons as control with the compatible age and sex were enrolled in this study. The mean age was (45.47±17.58) for males and (30.4±19.33) for females psoriatic patients, and the mean age for healthy control groups was (46.35±16.66) for males and (29.8±12.25) for females. The study was conducted in Dermatology Clinic of Merjan Teaching Hospital in Hilla City and Clinical Biochemistry Department in Babylon University College of Medicine during the period November 2015 to June 2016. Patients with psoriasis were diagnosis clinically by specialist physician. Physical examination like psoriasis area severity index PASI score and body mass index BMI were determined by systematic ways. Leptin and resistin adipokines were estimated by enzyme - linked immunoassay ELISA technique. GSH was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography HPLC, Whereas TAC and MDA were determined by spectrophotometic methods.Results : The results present in this study were shown as a significance increases in leptin and resistin levels as well as MDA, whereas significant decreases were found in the antioxidants levels GSH and TAC of psoriatic patients when compared with healthy control. There was no significance correlation between adipokines leptin and resistin with BMI, while there were significance positive correlations of adipokines with PASI score. The relations between adipokines and antioxidants found a significance negative correlations. Whereas, the relations between adipokines with lipid peroxidation end product MDA were significant positive correlations. Also, the disease severity as expressed by PASI score relation with oxidative stress parameters were found to be the same as that of adipokines correlations. Conclusions : The present study obviously suggested an involvement of the patients with psoriasis in oxidative stress by observing the significant decrease in TAC and GSH levels as well as the significant increase in levels of MDA, and this oxidative stress was significantly correlated with the severity of psoriasis. This study has found a significant elevation in levels of leptin and resistin in patients, and this elevation was significantly and directly proportional to the severity of the psoriasis. The current study has found a significant relationship among leptin and resistin levels with oxidative stress parameters, which supports the opinion of the contribution of leptin and resistin in the generation of free radicals and oxidative stress in psoriasis. Therefore, the present study suggested that the leptin and resistin may be the cause or may contribute in the generation of oxidative stress associated with psoriasis by many ways

اثر الموالي في الحياة الفكرية في بغداد من خلال كتاب تاريخ بغداد للخطيب البغدادي ت 463هـ/1070م == Pro In The Intellectual Life In Baghdad During The Impact Of The Book On The History Of The Baghdad Khatib Al - Baghdadi (D. 463 AH / 1070 AD)

اسم المؤلف: سرى سلام عطية الابراهيمي
اسم المشرف: عبد الستار نصيف جاسم العامري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: After it was founded in the city of Baghdad (145 - 146 AH / 762 - 663 AD) became this city a prominent role in the intellectual life became not only in the Muslim world but also in the whole world known in that era course science, it worked to attract scientists from different religions and countries for reasons of scientific, social and other political and economic. The importance of the study of the subject of the importance of the history book of Baghdad, which includes translations of Arab and pro - eating male genealogy and scientific journeys and their elders and their pupils and their works, and the fact that Baghdad was the capital has become a pilgrimage site for students of science and of them pro who was the offspring intellectual apparently comparable to the product of the Arab Muslims has contributed to supplement Islamic Arab libraries and for this reason that prompted Balbagesh Valley midst of their search for pro in Baghdad through the history book of the Baghdad Khatib al - Baghdadi. The letter came on the unprecedented three chapters with an introduction and followed by a conclusion and supplements and a list of sources and references. The first chapter, entitled (life - Khatib al - Baghdadi, social, scientific and factors that contributed to attracting loyal to Baghdad) has included a brief introduction about his social and scientific existence of several studies leading up about that, and also ensure that the factors that contributed to attracting loyal to Baghdad. The second chapter was titled (per pro in religious studies) included Quranic science of knowledge of interpretation and readings also included modern science and jurisprudence. The third chapter is entitled (per pro in the humanities and sciences Pure "Applied") was developed humanities and sciences Pure "Applied" and anyone to separate in order to balance the message and the reason for this is the limited number of these translations for them in pure science compared to religious sciences and humanities and mentioned in this chapter pro in language and grammar, poetry and prose branches of public speaking and writing the role, and we dealt with stated theology, mysticism and science of history, either pure science Vtnolna scientists from pro in Science said the account included Conclusion prominent our findings through what provides us the information. the most prominent the significance of the date in Baghdad said translations and pro about the social and intellectual life, and the study proved that the pro was their contribution is clear and prominent in the intellectual life and measured the number of intellectual works that have contributed to supplement the Arab Islamic libraries
الملخص:
المصادر:

مصالي الحاج ودوره السياسي في الجزائر حتى عام 1974م == Messali Al Hadj And His Political Role In Algeria Until 1974

اسم المؤلف: رنده زيدان خليف رشيد النعيمي
اسم المشرف: يحيى كاظم حمود المعموري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Algeria, which is one of the Arab Maghreb countries, was under French occupation in 1830 after forcing Ottoman occupation out, to become its replacement. National figures, such as Messali Hadj (1898 - 1974), worked hard to establish fronts, groupings, and blocs to challenge the new occupation which tried to Frenchify Algeria. Algerian historians disagreed about this figure, where some of them considered him as obedient to French occupation and accused him of treason while others considered him as a nationalist who struggled through following peaceful methods and international channels to submit the Algerian problem in order to stop or reduce bloodshed. Therefore, this difference about Messali Hadj resulted in different political situations which led to this confusion in general considerations about this figure. In this study, we put the lights on the character of Messali Hadj and we found that he was one of the nationalists who tried to convey his thoughts to get occupation out of the country without using armed force and by peaceful methods. Eventually, he convinced that it is necessary to use force. As a result of existing conflicts between those who stood up to liberate Algeria, he retired from political action, and yet he didn’t participate in the revolution of 1954 which granted Algeria full independence. Through examining the course of events, we found that the results reached by the researcher are : 1 - Messali Hadj is one of Algerian nationalists who affected the Algerian history and spent most of his live in struggle and resisting French occupation. 2 - National movements appeared in Algeria through national and religious figures after second world war and after returning most of young recruits to the country. 3 - Messali Hadj took part in establishing a party which succeeded in north Africa, where he was one of its founding members and hold leadership of the party in 1927. 4 - Messali Hadj was well known for his national spirit through his enthusiastic speeches for Algerian people or in the international forums. However he followed peaceful methods to present claims of Algerian people and achieve them. So, he decided to seek with all of his strength to submit claims of Algerian people in League of Nations and other conferences which were held to make reconciliation between the occupation and people of Algeria in a way that illustrate the sufferings of Algerians
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر تغيرات اسعار النفط الخام العالمية في تمويل الموازنة العامة للمدة 2003 - 2014 : دراسة مقارنة العراق والسعودية == Effect of Change In Global Crude Oil Prices In The Financing of The General Budget For Period (2003 - 2014) A Comparative Study of Iraq And Saudi Arabia

اسم المؤلف: شيماء عبد الهادي حسين الشريفي
اسم المشرف: خالد حسين علي المرزوك
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: العلوم المالية والمصرفية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The impact of fluctuations in crude oil prices in the financing of the general budget for the period (2003 - 2014) and the extent of the link between the two as linked to balance all of the Iraqi economy and the Saudi closely linked to prices of global crude oil, which confirms the existence of a direct correlation between where increasing public budget increased prices and reduced the signal decreases and to approve both countries balance heavily on unilaterally source (oil) to get a large portion of overall revenues and this in turn has led to an imbalance structure of production as the majority of the GDP and output of the commodity sectors derived from the oil sector (mining and extractive industries) as it acquired this sector the largest proportion during the period of research. As for other sectors, it does not constitute a tiny alansph of GDP, has reached a researcher to several conclusions, including that oil revenues are the foundation of the specified public expenditure, which was characterized by imbalance as a result of the focus on the running costs of more than investment expenditure, this reflects consumer nature for both countries and that of oil exports the largest proportion of total exports and the adoption of the GDP in Iraq's biggest oil sector occupied than it is in Saudi Arabic. In light of results have been achieved for a number of recommendations, including the need to diversify sources of revenue (non - oil) and then by raising tax awareness among the citizens, raising the efficiency of tax systems in my sample as recommended by the researcher to the need to address the imbalance in the structure of GDP through activating the role of other sectors, and the need to provide for the activation of the role of investment expenditure in all production areas favorable investment environment, leading to the diversification of the productive base.

اثر سعر الصرف الاجنبي على النمو الاقتصادي في العراق للمدة (1990ـ2015) == The Impact of Foreign Exchange Rate On Economic Growth In Iraq (1990 - 2015)

اسم المؤلف: حوراء عبد الزهرة جواد السلطاني
اسم المشرف: احمد خليل الحسيني
الموضوع العام: الادارة والاقتصاد
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاقتصاد
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدف البحث الى ايضاح الاثار الاقتصادية لتقلبات سعر الصرف الاجنبي امام الدينار العراقي في معدلات النمو الاقتصادي خلال المدة (1990 - 2015)، وتحديد اتجاه تلك الاثار وطبيعة تاثيرها على الاقتصاد العراقي، كما ان الاقتصاد العراقي شانه شان جميع البلدان النامية تع | The study aimed to clarify the economic effects of the Iraqi dinar exchange fluctuations in economic growth rates during the period price (1990 - 2015), and to determine the direction of these effects and the nature of their impact on the Iraqi economy. The Iraqi economy, like all developing countries exposed to many of the economic imbalances and even more sharply since the early nineties and until now, which led to the loss of the factors of economic stability, and then the absence of an enabling environment for economic growth, due to wars and blockades Iraq experieuced, the weakness of domestic resource mobilization, and the increased reliance on external financing, in addition to the external debt problem. However these are the wrong economic decisions which had an influential role in most of the distortions and crises the Iraqi economy suffers from. Thus the importance of the study lies in the role that could be played by the exchange rate in effect on economic growth rates in Iraq and the advancement to overcome the problems. The study starts from the premise that " The fluctuations of the Iraqi dinar exchange rate has a negative impact on economic growth variables and their impact more pronounced as compared to the stability of the exchange rate; a neutral effect". To achieve the objectives of the study, there are three chapters, the introduction and conclusion.Chapter One : the theoretical and conceptual framework of the exchange rate and economic growth.Chapter TWO : The indices measure the exchange rate trends and economic growth in Iraq.Chapter Three : Measuring the impact of exchange rate in the economic growth of the Iraqi economy. The current study used a form of analysis record (VAR) and through a standard program (E - views), that depending on the stability of the time series as preprocessing results indicate. all model variables as stable at the level of the moral level of 1% and the level of significance of 5%, and then tested joint integration, that proved the existence of a long - term equilibrium relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable, then the estimate vector autoregressive (VAR) to the variables of the study.

اثر تدريس قائم على الدفاع عن وجهات النظر في تحليل النصوص الادبية عند طالبات الصف الخامس الادبي == The Impact Of Teaching Based On Defending Points Of Views In The Analysis Of Literary Texts By Fifth Literary Female Students

اسم المؤلف: ميادة حمزة عبد الواحد حمادي
اسم المشرف: رغد سلمان علوان الجبوري
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان البحث الحالي يهدف الى معرفة اثر تدريس قائم على الدفاع عن وجهات النظر في تحليل النصوص الادبية عند طالبات الصف الخامس الادبي، لذلك اخضعت الباحثة تدريس الدفاع عن وجهات النظر للتجريب لمعرفة اثره في تحليل النصوص الادبية لدى طالبات الصف الخامس الادبي في ما | The current research aims at understanding the impact of teaching based on defending points of views in the analysis of literary texts by fifth literary female students. To this end, the researcher applies this kind of methodology to trace its impact in the analysis of literary texts by fifth literary female students. To achieve this aim, the researcher has chosen Al - Zarqaa preparatory school for girls randomly. Similarly, class section B has been chosen to represent the experimental group which amounts to (21) students, whereas class section A to represent the control group which amounts to (21) students as well. As such, the total number of the participants is (42) students. The students of the two groups (the experimental and the control) have been proved to be compatible with reference to the following parameters : 1 - their ages counted by months2 - their fathers' educational attainment3 - their mothers' educational attainment4 - their first course final results in the Arabic language subject of the year (2015). The researcher has limited the teaching material used during the experiment period and she has also put forward the behavioural aims for the eight topics that she has taught to the two groups. They are (116) behavioural aims. The researcher has taught the two groups by herself during the experiment period which lasts for eight weeks. It starts on the 21st of February 2016 and ends on the 19th of April 2016. Another point is that the researcher has prepared teaching plans for the materials to be taught during the experiment period. Some of these teaching plans are handed to experts and specialists to check their validity. At the end of the experiment, the researcher has applied a literary text to be analyzed by the students and the answers are checked according to, after its validity and credibility has been showed by the researcher, Al - Esawi's criteria (2005). The researcher has used the following statistic means : 1 - T - Test for two independent samples; 2 - Chi - Square; 3 - Pearson correlation equation; and 4 - The percentage equation After statistically analyzing the findings, the researcher reaches the following conclusion that is the experimental group students, those who are taught literary texts according to the modern way of teaching, have exceled over the control group, those who are taught according to the traditional way. In the light of these conclusions, the researcher recommends that : 1. Teachers should resort to the strategy of defending points of views in the analysis of literary texts because of its impact on students' performance and this is evident through the positive results of the current research.2. Teachers should be taught how to use the strategy of defending points of views. Put in other words, the ministry of education should establish a special program to guide teachers through the process of this strategy in the analysis of literary texts.3. Experts and specialist supervisors from the ministry of education should explain the importance of using the strategy of defending points of views because of its important impact and its brilliant results. They should guide teachers how to use this strategy and its bright steps so that students can adequately be taught the literary texts.4. Teachers should go in line with the new advanced directions and ways used in teaching the Arabic language and one of these directions is the strategy of defending points of views. This strategy has been found of pivotal importance in creating thinking and guiding serious teaching to achieve the required results. The researcher suggests the following : 1. The application of a similar study on students of other preparatory stages.2. The application of a study to understand the reasons behind students weaknesses in the analysis of literary texts with the intention to discuss these weakness to delimit their difficulties. 3. The application of a comparable study between the strategy of defending points of views and other recent strategies that work on developing students creative thinking
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر مخططات التعارض المعرفي في اكتساب المفاهيم الكيميائية وتنمية التفكير الابداعي لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط == The Effect Of Cognitive Contradiction Schemes In Chemical Concepts Acquisition And Developing The Creative Thinking For The Second Intermediate School Students

اسم المؤلف: حازم جاسم سحيب الشريفي
اسم المشرف: سعيد حسين علي الثلاب | محمد هادي شنين
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: هدف البحث الى التعرف على اثر استراتيجية مخططات التعارض المعرفي في : 1. اكتساب المفاهيم الكيميائية لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط في مادة الكيمياء.2. تنمية التفكير الابداعي لدى طلاب الصف الثاني المتوسط في مادة الكيمياء. ولغرض التحقق من هدفي البحث تم صياغة | The research aims to identify the effect of Cognitive Contradiction schemes strategy on : 1 - Aqusition of the chemical concepts for Intermediate second class students in chemistry subject.2 - Developing the creative thinking Intermediate second class students in chemistry subject.In order to achieve the goals of the research ,two Zero hypothesis were formulated : 1 - There are no statistical significant on the guidance level(0,05) between the average differences in the marks of the experimental group students who studied chemistry subject according to the schemes ,and cognitive contradiction between the disciplined group students who studied the sane subject according to the traditional method in the test of chemical concepts acquisition. 2 - There are no statistical significant on the guidance level(0,05) between the average differences of marks of the Pre - post tests for the experimental group students who studied chemistry subject according to the cognitive contradiction schemes ,and between the disciplined group students who studied the sane subject according to the traditional method in testing the development of creative thinking. 3 - There are no statistical significant on the guidance level(0,05) between the average differences in the marks of the experimental group students who studied chemistry subject according to the cognitive contradiction schemes ,and between the disciplined group students who studied the same subject according to the regular method in the post - test to develop the creative thinking. In order to investigate the truthiness of these hypotheses, the researcher made a test for two completed months depending of the following procedures : He used the experimental design (partial disciplined) with two equal experimental controller groups.According to that design, the ample of the research was selected(Al - emam Al - mahdi Intermediate school) intentionally.This school was selected because it is very close to the researcher ,and the school administration was helpful during applying the researcher's experiment.The e of the intermediate second class student was 104 student distributed on three sections. Section A was selected randomly to represent the experimental group that consisted of 23 student studied according the conflict scheme strategy. While, the disciplined group represented by section E which consisted of 31 student studied according to the regular method. The researcher has used statistically the following variables : age counting it with months, Education of Father ,Education of mother ,the average of the academic subjects for the intermediate second class students for the first semester ,previous Education in chemistry subject ,test of previous information and the Pre - post test of the creative thinking. The scientific subject was determined for the three last chapters(fifth ,sixth, seventh) from the chemistry book for the second class students( 6 method - 2015).The researcher elicited 13 main concept and 29 branch concepts for theses chapters, and the behavior goals were formulated.The final number was 113 a behavioral goal. Additionally , the researcher prepared 16 teaching plan for both the experimental and disciplined groups, after displaying them on experts and arbitrators the appropriate amendments were done. The researcher prepared two tool of the research represented by the testing of chemical concepts acquisition depending on the main and subordinate concepts. He gave three test terms for each concept relying on the three knowledge operations (definition ,distinguishing, application). So, the terms of test became 45 term of multi - choice (4 alternatives).The apparent reliability ,construction reliability, difficulty coefficients, distinguishing coefficients and the false alternatives, then elicit the test constancy by two ways : the homogenization coefficients 84 method(Keodor - Richardson,20) Retest which is about 0,982.The second tool represented by testing the creative thinking which is consisted of five sections each section consisted of two term determined by Sayed Khair - alah : 1981 for creative thinking ,and the reliability was accounted with term liability.The constancy of choice was elicited by retest that reached 0,82. The experiment was applied in the second semester of the academic year 2015 - 2016 for 8 weeks. The beginning of the real teaching was on Sunday 28 - 02 - 2016,and it was end on Monday 25 - 04 - 2015. After applying the tools of the research and analyzing results that obtained by the researcher by using Microsoft Excel program, the results showed the superiority of the experimental groups who studied according to the cognitive contradiction schemes for the experimental school students who studied according to the traditional method in both tests of chemical concepts acquisition and developing the creative thinking. According to the results of the research, the researcher recommended to the necessity on relying the cognitive contradiction schemes strategy in teaching chemistry subject for the second intermediate class students for its positive impact in raising the level of chemical concepts acquisition and develop the creative thinking for students. Also, the researcher suggested to make similar study to show the effect of cognitive contradictive schemes strategy in other variables and other academic stages
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر مدخل الوعي الادبي في تدريس الادب والنصوص وتنمية الكتابة الابداعية لطلاب الخامس الادبي == The Impact Of Entrance To The Literary Awareness In Teaching Literature And Texts And The Development Of Creative Writing For Students Of Fifth Literary Stage

اسم المؤلف: تاميم خلف عبد ندة الطائي
اسم المشرف: ضياء عويد حربي العرنوسي | اسعد محمد علي النجار
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: يهدف البحث الحالي تعرف " اثر مدخل الوعي الادبي في تدريس الادب والنصوص وتنمية الكتابة الابداعية لطلاب الخامس الادبي "ولتحقيق هدف البحث وضع الباحث الفرضية الصفرية الاتية : " لا يوجد فرق ذود لالة احصائية عند مستوى (0.05) بين متوسط درجات طلاب المجموعة التجريب | The current research is aimed to identify "the impact of entrance the literary awareness in teaching literature and texts, and the development of creative writing for students of fifth literary stage"To achieve the aim of the research ,The researcher put the following null hypothesis : "There is no difference statistically significant at level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group that studying literature and texts by adopting entrance literary awareness and between the average scores of the control group that studying literature and texts in the traditional way of creative writing".The researcher adopted the following experimental method and chose the experimental design of two empirical and control group and test the creative writing.The current research community is the students of literary of fifth stage in preparatory and secondary schools day which fall within the center of holy city of Karbala.The researcher adopted Al - makasenb preparatory for Boys randomly to conduct his experience , in a manner of random withdrawals chose group n (a) to represent the experimental group which studied the material of literature and texts, and the group (b) represent a control group that studied the same material by adopting the normal way, the sample was (77) students by 37 students in the experimental group and 40 students in the control group.The researcher conducted a statistical equivalence between the two groups in the following variables : (degrees of Arabic language for the first semester, literature , expression for the first semester also, the chronological age measured in months for the f a se, educational attainment of parents, academic achievement and career for parents).The researcher selected an academic subjects that will be examined during the duration of the experiment, and formulated the goals of behavior, these subjects were (122) behavioral target.Researcher prepared plans for teaching the subjects to be taught during the duration of the experiment, the researcher has been studied by himself the two groups for the duration of the experiment, which lasted an entire semester ( second semester of the academic year 2015 - 2016).The researcher prepared a creative Writing test, this test is concluded from (12) question woks, proving the sincerity of the test, its stability , the level of difficulty and strength to distinguish it.The researcher used the following statistical methods in research procedures and access to results : (T - Test) for two independent samples, equation of Chi - square, Pearson correlation coefficient, equation of Spearman - Brown, equation of difficulty coefficient, equation of discrimination paragraph coefficient, and equivalent effectiveness incorrect alternatives).After statistical data analysis , the researcher reached the following conclusion : Superiority of experimental group who have studied the material literature and texts on the control group who have studied the material of literature and texts in the usual way in creative writing test, this test is statistically significant.In basis of the results shown by the current study, the researcher can be deduced as follows : 1. The use of the literary awareness has led to the development of thinking skills.2. The students that owning literary awareness led to the expression of what happen in themselves , vent their emotions and express their problems that they face in different life situations.3. The methods, strategies and techniques that student - centered given results better than of methods, strategies and techniques that the teacher - centered and memorization. In the light of the outcome, the researcher recommended series of recommendations, including the following : 1. The adoption of the entrance awareness in teaching particular expression of creative expression, because it proved highly effective in the understanding of literary texts and the development of creative writing.2. Teachers should benefit from the existing plans in the message to be adopted in the preparation of lessons.Complementing the aspects of the research, he suggested a set of proposals that including the following : 1. Conducting a similar study to determine the impact of the entrance to the literary awareness in teaching literature and texts and the development of creative writing in mixed classrooms ed (male and female) to see the difference between the performance of students in the degree of creativity.2. Conducting a study that use of language awareness in creative writing development.
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر معينات الذاكرة في تحصيل قواعد اللغة العربية واستبقائها لدى تلميذات الصف الخامس الابتدائي == The Impact Of Memory Aids In The Collection Of Arabic Grammar And Retain The Pupils The Fifth Grade

اسم المؤلف: شفاء غني راضي عبد السيد
اسم المشرف: سيف طارق حسين العيساوي | سعد حسن عليوي
الموضوع العام: العلوم التربوية
السنة: 2016
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: ان لغتنا العربية هي سيدة اللغات، وهي اجمل وارقى واعظم لغة في العالم على الاطلاق، فلا تجاريها وتعادلها اي لغة اخرى في الدقة والروعة والجمال، واللغة العربية هي هوية الامة العربية ولسانها، لغة الادب والعلم، ولغة الحياة بكل معانيها، وهي التي شاء الله عز وجل | The current research aims to : determine the impact of assistant memory in the collecting of Arabic grammar and retain it in the pupils of the fifth primary, and in order to achieve the goal , the researcher chose Almdharah Primary School for Girls randomly, and the same way of the Division chose group A to represent the experimental group, and the group B to represent the control group, the sample size has been reached (72) schoolgirl, and by (36) a student at each of the two groups. The researcher conducted an equivalent statistical between the pupils of two groups in the variables of , namely : (chronological age of the students measured in months, the academic achievement of the parents, and the degrees of Arabic language for the first semester). The researcher used an experimental design of the two groups (experimental and control).The researcher limited topics that will be examined during the probation period, was reached to (6) subjects, the researcher formulated (50) behaviorally target deposited by a questionnaire, and presented to a group of arbitrators in the methods of teaching Arabic language, educational and psychological sciences, in order to ensure their validity, and completeness content topics to be taught during the duration of the experiment, which lasted eight weeks.The researcher prepared plans of educational topics to be studied and the two sets of research, she had taught the schoolgirls of two groups of search itself, she taught the schoolgirls from empirical group the rules according to assistance of memory, and taught pupils from the control group according to ordinary method, and deposited two models of these plans questionnaire, then presented a number of arbitrators in the Arabic language and methods of teaching, educational and psychological sciences.The search tool was : the test achievement. The researcher offered the test to group of arbitrators and specialists in the methods of teaching Arabic language, educational and psychological sciences, After that conducted a researcher an exploratory experiment on a sample of the research community itself, and the strength of a hundred schoolgirl to ensure the clarity of the paragraphs and ambiguity, and the time needed for the test, as well as to extract the reliability coefficient. After confirming the test sincerity and persistence of it, the researcher applied the test on the sample of schoolgirls , After analyzing the results statistically researcher found the following two outcomes : 1. There is no difference with a statistical significance at the level (0.50) between the average scores of the experimental group who were her students studied Arabic language rules according assistance memory and the control group degrees whom her students studied the same material according to the usual method of collection.2. There is no difference with a statistical significance at the level (0.50) between the average scores of the experimental group who were her students studied Arabic language rules according assistant memory and the control group who studied her students the same article on according to the normal method of retention.The researcher used the following statistical methods : (a test formula (test.t) for two independent samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, correct Sbierman - Brown formula ,difficult equivalent coefficient, the equivalent power of discrimination and the effectiveness of the equation wrong) alternatives. After analyzing the results statistically reached to : 1. superiority of pupils from the experimental group who studied the use of memory assistant to pupils in the control group in the achievement test2. superiority of pupils of the experimental group who studied the use of memory assistant to pupils in the control group test retention.In view of the search results the researcher concluded a number of conclusions, including : 1. The adoption of contributed assistant memory to increase the collection of grade five pupils in Arabic language rules.2. assistant memory instrumental in retaining informationAnd the researcher recommends the following : 1.Adopt memory assistant in teaching Arabic grammar from the presence of teachers substance rules.2. insert a memory assistant within the vocabulary teaching methods and educational colleges : As a complement to search the researcher suggests the following1.conducting a similar study of anecdotal evidence by a researcher at the other stages of the study And the other study materials and for both sexes2.further studies on the use of memory assistant in teaching in variables other than the collection and retention
الملخص:
المصادر:

نقض الغرض في العربية : دراسة صرفية نحوية == Refutation Of Purpose In Arabic (A Morphological And Grammatical Study)

اسم المؤلف: حيدر حسين عبيس
اسم المشرف: حامد عبد المحسن كاظم الجنابي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: معلوم ان الموانع في العربية كثيرة ومن يتتبع مواطنها لمعرفة ما يختلجها من علل او اسباب يتطلب منه ان يكون ملما بالحقائق اللغوية، مدركا بتصورات اللغويين اتجاه تلك العلل، وهذا ليس بالمطلب السهل بل يحتاج الى حسن التفكر وطول التدبر، وكان من بين هذه | It is known that there are so many ways refutation forms in Arabic and the person who wants to investigate how they work to know their limits or functions should own a wide comprehension concerning linguistics facts. He should realize the aim behind these forms. Of course, understanding that concept is not easy and it needs a high mental ability in addition to rich material from the researcher. He must know what exactly he looks for among many topics inside the linguistics which is known as ( Refutation of Purpose).The importance of studying this aspect comes from that it depends to one of the chapters of the book of (the features ) for Ibn Jiny which is ( Prevention of Refutation of Purpose) which implies lingual matters that avoid refutation forms that Arabians used to use in their common language styles what motivated me to continue studying this concept to reach its aims and the reason behind that concept according to certain principles that submit to mental logic. Through preface chapter, I have discussed the concept of (negation of purpose) and how it could be explained. Through the first chapter which is titled as (negation of Purpose in grammatical chapters). Inside the subdivision of the first chapter, I discussed negation of purpose in singular and plurol forms. In the second subdivision, I have discussed it form origin point of view. The second chapter is under the title (Refutation of Purpose in grammatical Phenomenon). In first subdivision, I have discussed refutation of purpose in brief. In the second subdivision, I discussed refutation of purpose in grammatical issues. In the third subdivision, I mentioned refutation of purpose in definite and non - definite. The fourth subdivision is about refutation of purpose from rink side. The fifth subdivision talks about refutation of purpose in deletion and finally in the sixth subdivision refutation of purpose with multiple means.The third chapter deals with (Refutation of Purpose in grammatical styles) which is listed as the first subdivision is about refutation of purpose in statement styles and it contains (speciality style) ( exception style) ( preference style) (certainty style). The second subdivision deals with refutation of purpose in request composition styles such as ( interrogative style) (warning style) and (calling style). The third subdivision implied refutation of purpose in non - request composition style such as (astonishment style) (appreciation and dis appreciation styles). With God's help to finish this research, I 've got some results. The research has put a definition to a concept of (Refutation of Purpose) as being the preventer to prevent any purpose to deform an aspect whether it has been lingual or in meaning. The research has also clarified that (Refutation of Purpose) is a clear phenomenon in existence and meaning and it forms an important notice in any linguistics job while they are discussing the general body of Arabian language as its being an essential part of Arabic that cannot be ignored. The first linguist who mentioned that concept was Abo Ali Al - Farisi who has transmitted this branch of knowledge to his student Ibn Jiny under the title of (Refutation of Purpose). Finally, I thank God for granting me luck and good will to finish this research.

المركز والهامش في القصيدة النسوية العراقية (2003 - 2013) == The Centre And The Margin In The Iraqi Feminist Poem (2003 - 2013)

اسم المؤلف: شهد سلام عبد حسون
اسم المشرف: ايمان عبد دخيل
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise be to God, the creator of the universe, including, inclusive and people for the day no doubt, prayer and peace of God's creation Mohammed bin Abdullah, and his family, his companions, believers him elected, and afterCultural studies focused on post modernism (center\ margin) to break the idea of dominant center focus on crushed categories, it don’t specify a particular direction, but reflected on the joints of all life.Thus, this dualism either case conflict between them or need each other, then came the feminist movements (emanating from cultural studies) focus on feminist product, who put the margin position for long phases of monetary studies, as it remained stationed around the male and speech output from text, exceeding what you write women to express themselves or their surroundings. And it was our attention more the accomplished creative Iraqi women, especially issued after 2003 until 2013 (study period) and that this selection does not necessarily mean that we dealt poets careers of poetry began in this period specifically, but our intention hair who wrote and published after the war, both whether the poet calculated on this generation or the previous one. The attempt to stand at (center/ margin) at the thought of women and product creative take directions several, but openly in this work we have tried to knowledge of more than one side, as is the study of topics and try to develop dual - core and the margin by which the first chapter, to try to stand on these bilateral Using verses followed in writing Alharafa the second quarter, leading to alpges about feminism and identity of the center and the margin in the final chapter. During our study of the poem women in this stage we have reached awide range of names and count the larger aggregates, to allow the field of study to cover them all, so we have tried in our choices to diversify the forms, to show an overall vision , and a clearer picture of the poem women at thatPoint, not limit ourselves to the names of famous or high - value experiments only.

الانساق الثقافية في رسائل الجاحظ (ت255هـ) == Cultural Formats In Jahez Messages (255 AH)

اسم المؤلف: مثنى حسن عبود الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: عباس محمد رضا حسن البياتي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Cash studies have done and did not sit in the modern and contemporary on Cultural done protruding cash and reality, and had Abu Usman among trace a few of the old intelligentsia unbroken attention counterpart on the part of the largest public vast majority of researchers and scholars Arabs, and remained read mine fertile and Mcnza thickly lesson literary and rhetorical and even cash in the Arab culture, but what draws attention really is the scarcity of cultural studies that have been the heritage of bigeye through the ages and offset to some extent lack extinction and annihilation, and this is what stimulated the researcher and encouraged him towards the foot on the approach Gahzi text, Baltae cultural exchange tools, procedures and strategies monetary mechanisms large numbers, that deal with cultural material, including linguistic texts as cultural speeches overflowing serious connotations and brimming with heavy contents and the carrier of the culture of the times, which were produced under Islamic rule, and the heir to the features and Twabah and brands negative and positive, and is involved with its institutions and overlapping with their contexts and responsive to the bets and requirements and influenced and influential Bhawwadth all the circumstances, and here the central dogma espoused by cultural criticism believes in the need to approach the texts in light generated culture him; which requires the development of texts in the womb of cultural contexts snare him from all sides, if, seeking access to the results of Ttoshh specific and respectful of accuracy, objectivity and scientific far, these are cash mental nominated by the study and adopted by the researcher Barutea grasped the most trustworthy in the bigeye read messages and relentless pursuit to discover the cultural formats mingled in the cultural discourse year, which is the fundamental objective of the study diligently in order to nail him. It was Astefaina messages bigeye, among other writings to be material anatomical these to our study, the starting point of fully represent us to the awareness of cultural criticism and responsive to him, who is trying to focus on the margins of cultural material, and struggling for the sake of all phenomena care and practices that were suffering from neglect and oppression and suffocation and repression The expulsion and absenteeism on the part of the previous monetary practice, as naive and menial and trivial and practices vile and despicable and ridiculous does not deserve attention phenomena does not require study, Vrsail bigeye not partaken so large share of the study, which won him the other writings Kalpaan and Signifying, animals and even stingy, here is worthwhile to point that we adopted in our study on three different editions investigation messages bigeye, the first achievement of Dr. Abdul Salam Mohammed Haroun, the second investigation, Dr. Ali Bou Melhem third achievement Mr. Hassan Sndoba; in order to accommodate all Almtozaah messages on the three editions written by bigeye. Material research, nature and recalled that the study is divided in three chapters : above each one entrance represents the threshold is a must to enter the Mnachath and ambiance and tourism in the internal Aoualemh, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion included the most important findings of the research through the study, and download the first chapter address (assets, buildings and cultural exchange) and included four topics are : the concept of cultural criticism, and the roots of cultural criticism, and the concept of the text in cultural criticism perspective, the concept of the cultural pattern, and carry the second chapter title (format obedience to the Abbasid authority and defend), and included two topics, namely : the other dropping sectarian represented the people of modern Salafi doctrine Imami Shia religious other and suppress incarnated the Christians, carrying the third quarter and the last address (coordinated social Almadlj aligned), and included two topics is the other two : aligned chromatography (concentrated blacks and the marginalization of the egg), and sexual bias (concentrated men and the marginalization of (women

خطاب النقد الادبي عند ادوارد سعيد == Edward Said Discourse On Literary Criticism

اسم المؤلف: حيدر علي عبود الطفيلي
اسم المشرف: هناء جواد عبد السادة العيساوي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings on the beloved and descriptive and good creature Secretary Muhammad, his family and the divine good and lasting curse their enemies to do the day of judgment, and yet... The Edward Said of the most critics controversial intellectual of the twentieth century, due to Grandma in cash speech, in addition to numerous factors, including upbringing, education and exile, but the topics covered and private (identity remain, Orientalism, culture, imperialism, and the other, worldly criticism ) is the biggest reason for his feisty critical features mostly, and abroad for critical theory of modern lines being sees it did not meet the aspiration to detect significant text and scaled the reader into the trap of specialization, academic and wandering in the maze of text. Speech came (Said) speech opposed to the structure of Western discourse, being made culture and history which afford grand narratives, revealing knowledge of the system that drives the self - made and the other, and the statement of the concept of cultural power that drives the literary and cultural production process, according to what you are. Said cash speech represents a long legacy of philosophical and linguistic, cultural, and so you see dealt with most of the themes that are the focus of conflict and a mismatch between the intelligentsia conflict, and Ajtrah through cash Amaagath a different understanding and new.Class (Said) of the most important pioneers who sat and contributed to the emergence of cultural criticism that dealt with cultural issues and the mechanism in a way out of the curriculum in schools and literary texts address the way. Said hybrid cosmic also see it, it is named compound (Edward Said) to the birth of Palestine and his travels between Egypt and Lebanon, study the migration to America and Britain made him exiled by force and act all this was stressful to deal with topics dominate the self - free industry and the other spunResearch methodology required to deal with the topic as it goes to be divided in four chapters and boot, and see that it has been able to focus on the concept or question revolved around the thesis, which are worldly critical discourse when (said)? The boot under the title (the speech, awareness and concept) and search the boot so problematic discourse and critical literary and the comprehensiveness of literary criticism and its limits, in other words, is the meaning of criticism mainly about the high literature? What is the meaning of literature in the product of any text? And how the role of culture and history in the text? That is why we stood on the word speech in the broad sense that brought him (Foucault) and used (Said) and thus move (Said) in all Ntegath within this holistic vision that sees the speech includes literary aesthetic criticism as well as a natural extension of cultural factors that affect the text. The first chapter was titled (the foundations and pillars in the said cash speech) As mentioned a little while ago it was (said) hybrid philosophical, linguistic, psychological and social thought, so we raised four axes represent the foundations and pillars that influenced them (Said) and Interview by directly sometimes indirectly at other times.Axis philosophical forward it to most philosophers who came mentioned in the monetary his speech, although we did not stand on most of them but we believe they are the most important in the visions that carried a private in the monetary his dominance, as well as goes the rest of the other hubs in a simple introduction to his life and ends with research in this chapter focus on topics which carried the earthly dimension for each axis and therefore Find walking towards the detection of intellectual heritage of the worldly (said).The second chapter was titled (worldly cultural criticism of Orientalism example) Because the (said) represents one of the pioneers of cultural criticism Find the concept of cultural criticism concept and references that led to his appearance began to have these terms of reference agreed with the terms of reference (Said) in terms of focusing on the worldly events in read the text and move away from the pillars of the metaphysical, then envisioned research and cultural exchange mechanisms, which focuses on non - adherence to monetary theory and the institution and after this introduction Turn Search towards the vision (said) to the concept of cultural criticism worldly theoretically through some of the visions and ideas put forward in embedded which was written by, and applied through book Orientalism and thus was read culturally analysis Tabakie worldly and this is what search him.Download Chapter III Title (worldly Monetary Alabestama culture and imperialist example) is an exchange of knowledge and based on Arcologgio Foucaultian fossils of the earliest mechanisms of cultural criticism and criticism worldly in particular, and this is what Layer (said) in the book of culture and imperialist, The path of research about the concept of imperialism and its manifestations holds concept different cultural authority controlling peoples colony and how to make them search for the conflict of knowledge / power zone, and then between research worldly cash engage through the concept of narrative and cultural resistance and a series of novels adopted by the (said) in a statement narrative move in the field of cognitive detection, said to see I've dish ( Foucault) Drilling Alarclogi revealing worldly knowledge - based analysis of the dimensions of the imperialist narratives.Three chapters made search was more like a development critical to speech (Said) of cultural criticism to criticism of knowledge and then to the idea of basic research on the nature of the secular criticism, came fourth chapter under the title (the secular foundation cash and achievement) questioned this chapter theoretical research for the book (the world's text and critic) which represents Based theoretical research on the development of cash, according to (Said) and the necessity to find a criticism of worldly beyond cultural criticism and critique of postmodernism, has treated research issues addressed by the (said) within the book and of the concept of the worldly, text, text, identity, and intellectual cosmic, or the concept of critic, and theoretical migratory, and the American Monetary left - wing, religious and cash, these concepts overlap on the one hand with the culture on the other hand are cash concepts touches the spirit of criticism, bearing movement (Said) Cash visions of a three - start of the world's text critic, so the search is going on about these essences.The conclusion of this journey is the station with the most prominent search results that were ultimately to this outlook in a speech (Said) cash. It must be noted that the search has not committed to a specific approach and the need to request this topic has relied on the analytical method, texts, research and Dialogue The reason that the subject taught monetary field. I would like to extend my thanks and that was a minor for the best fulfillment of the right of the professor and the mother noble tender overwhelmed me and the beauty of the great spirit of Dr. Hana Abdul AL - saida of all that effort and provided guidance was Mother Yes and yes oriented.Have been made in this work do my best despite the circumstances that were surrounded and God knows it, it was the lack of a decent enough to incorrigible your fingers voltage least bounty to God and to my teachers and virtuous Praise be to Allah

الحذف والتقدير في كتاب : كشف المشكلات وايضاح المعضلات لجامع العلوم الباقول ت : 345 هـ : دراسة نقدية == Omission And Prediction In The Book Of “Kashf Al - Mushikilat Wa Eedhah Al Mu’Athilat” For Jama’ Al U’Lum Al - Baquly (543 A.H.) Critical Study

اسم المؤلف: هند مناضل عباس
اسم المشرف: حسن عبيد المعموري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Omission is a vast topic in the study of Arabic. Arabic is a language of terseness. Omission is one of the two methods of terseness in Arabic. These two methods are : terseness of limitation and terseness of omission. Arabic native speakers averted from complicated structures; they were more inclined to use simple and easy structures. Quran was revealed in Arabic; it is, however, a heavenly book, miraculous in its lexical, semantic, and stylistic systems. Each word in Quran serves a purpose and is accurately placed, not arbitrarily. Therefore, the statement : there is omission of a particle, word, phrase or sentence is unsettled argument amongst classical and modern scholars. Hence, grammarians adopted the approach of omission and prediction in Quran since their purpose is to parse, to teach the grammar of Arabic, and to find out the abrogators and abrogated. Nonetheless, this approach does not necessarily befit Quran since it is imperative to understand Allah&#39;s speech without omission - dropping words - or prediction - adding non - existent words which are not mentioned in the original text to refer to certain meaning. Accordingly, there would be deviation the intended meaning (referent) to which utterances - particles, verbs, phrases, and sentences - are used. Essentially, in Quran, each particle, word, and Sura is connected to one another in meaning and reference as if they are connected rings that should not be separated which, in turn, shows one secrete of the Quranic miraculousness.The reason of choosing this topic is basically motivated by the suggestion of my supervisor. After having read Keshif Al Musshkilat (Revealing Conundrums), I found it, for the most part, basing the analysis of the Quranic text on omission. Almost all the pages contain a parsing possibility or a grammatical explanation that is based on omission. Accordingly, I came to the realization that this topic is of critical importance and worthy of investigation and study. Therefore, seeking the help of Allah, I entitled my topic of inquiry as : Omission and Prediction in the book of “Kashf al - mushikilat wa Eedhah al Mu’athilat” for Jama’ Al U’lum Al - Baquly (543 A.H.) - Critical Study.The study is divided into three chapters prefaced by a prologue entitled “The concepts of omission and prediction and Al Baquly&#39;s approach” and followed by epilogue contains the findings of the investigation. The three chapters are as follows : chapter one, omitting particles, includes the discussion of omitting prepositions, the interrogative “hamzah”, “in” of infinity, “fa’a” of the result clause, and “waw”. Chapter two, omitting nouns, focuses on omitting “Mubtada, khabar, object, the praised, the disrepute, and tamee’z, mudaf, and matu’uf, and a’aid. Chapter three, omitting sentences and clauses, includes omitting the result clause in the conditional sentence, the answer of the oath, the sentence of qaul, the sentence modified by an adverb, and the clause of a preposition.

فساد الراي النحوي في العربية == The Corruption Of Grammattical View In Arabic

اسم المؤلف: عهود صبر راهي الزيادي
اسم المشرف: حامد عبد المحسن كاظم الجنابي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Chpter one studiesthe corruption of grammatical view'in nouns, it consists thses sections, the first deals with symptoms structurs, the secerd studies Al - Tawabea, while the third deals with miscellaneous. Chapter two deals with the corruption of grammatical view in verbs. It consists of these sections preceded by introduction a bout the verbin Arabiclanguaga. Sectionone studies kana and its sister " verbs to be "and what like them. The seand seation treats what is related to the verbs and its parts. Seation three studiesthe rauns of the verbsand transitive verb.Chapter three studiesthe corruption of grammatical view in letters, It consists three srctions, section one deals with the corruption of grammatical view in mono letters, section two andiesition dual and triple letters , while the third seation deals with the corruption of grammatical view in quadrilateral letters.Chapter four consists of three seations, the first concerns with the corruption of grammatical view in the exception, the sucand different - in rnost cases - from one grammerion to a nother and from school to a nother. This lead some grammrtians to reject many of previous and contemporary provisions when ~ they realize that this view is corrupted and describe it as break the rules of compatibility and harmony between the grammatical phenomena and effairs. From this, the searchin this topic doesnot slope at theseproblems, but it goes to search in grammatical roots, standing and questioning what is behind thses problems. In order to be grammatically corrupted or corruption ~iew of the grammarians.That is why this study is under the title (The Corruption of Grammattical View In Arabic)·Following these views and standing upon their reasons lead to expansion of this research, and analyzing the grammatical is sues is to reach to the essence of its corruption. So, this study contains in troduation, foun chapters, and followed by conclusion of what the search gets efreasults. The intereduction consists of the concept of the corruption and its roots In The name of Allah, The merciful and Compassionate. Thanks for God who makes the thanks as a key for - his mention. He creates the fhings speaking in his praise andthanks. The pray and peace are upon the prophet Mohammed whose name is derivative of God's name (Al - Mahmood) , upon his pure family of virtues and generosity , upon his selected followers , and upon those who follow them in charity to the day of judgment. The corruption of view for Grammarias - has special importance for what cansequentit of effairs and provisions which relate to grammatical phenomena by the grammerians a bout linguistic material, observing what changes might occur and takeing carefor it's use. All these allow the grammarian to take these viwsand select between them dependanding upon evident in his acceptance or rejection of grammatical view or material. So, normally for these view are to be varified, depending upon the source which they are taken from according to mductive effort. This effort is by the ancient grammarians whose views because essential, to build upon it theprovisions and results. They are

مقبولية الانسجام في النقد الادبي العربي حتى نهاية القرن الخامس الهجري == The Acceptability Of Coherence In Arabic Criticism Till The End Of The Fifth Century Of Hegira

اسم المؤلف: علي قيس حمزة الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: محمد شاكر ناصر الربيعي
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الادب
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Title of this thesis has been based on two important technical terms taken from text linguistics : (acceptability) and (coherence), in order to coin a new term, i.e. the acceptability of coherence. The aim of doing so is to investigate the critical conceptions and applications written by ancient Arab critics which might be congruent with the intended significance of this new critical term. This is especially true according to the fact that the significance of the acceptability of coherence has gained important attention by the ancient Arab critics as this research has shown. The Arabic literary and critical movements had depended on what could be called (acceptability) in accepting the literary products or in putting them in hierarchical ranks since the acceptability was declared by (very well qualified persons) according to the most important criterion of the seven textual criteria of the text linguistics, i.e. coherence. Yet, the researcher will try to extend the concept of the coherence and make it more congruent with the topic of this study. The non scholarly treatment has been very helpful in this respect; moreover, making use of this concept has enabled in shedding light on the topic of this research.The topic has been based on a plan of three chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion which included the most important and salient results. Then, a full bibliography of reference and consulted books has been supplied.The first chapter, entitled (The Acceptability of Coherence in the External Rhythmic Dimension) which is divided into two subsections : the first, (The Acceptability of Coherence in the Prosodic Dimension); and the second (The Acceptability of Coherence in the rhyming Dimension). The second section deals with (The Acceptability of Coherence in the Internal Rhythmic Dimension). The second chapter is devoted to discuss (The Acceptability of Coherence in the Syntactic Dimension). It includes two sections : the first studies (The Acceptability of Coherence in the Syntagmatic Axis), and the second investigates (The Acceptability of Coherence in the Poetic Necessity). The third chapter, which is entitled (The Acceptability of Coherence in the Semantic Dimension), also includes two sections : (The Acceptability of Coherence in the Semantic Correlation) and (The Acceptability of Coherence in the Reproduction Dimension). All these chapters have been dealt with two critical points of view : the theoretical critical conceptualization and the application efforts concerning central the concept of the acceptability of coherence.Investigating the data of the ancient Arabic criticism has shown that the referential concept of almost all critical judgments is coherence. As a result, it is noticed that whenever this criterion is available, the acceptability will be achieved. Since coherence focuses on the semantic aspect of the ideas and thoughts found in the text, then the process of judging the consistency in the syntactic aspect will be, according to the theoretical point of view adopted in this research, either through the coherence of the semantic concordance of all the elements of a given text, or through several texts. The same is true in case of information and whether it is based on the semantic factors or on the contextual factors. This point can be achieved according to whether it tries to join the situation & the intended significance and the intentionality as the relational link between intention and the given semantic significance in the text. Accordingly, intertextuality, i.e. the inevitable relationships between literary texts, is just the semantic linkage of the syntactic components of several diverse texts on one hand and the components of the new text on the other hand. This means that coherence is linking thread between these elements which necessitates that acceptability of the coherence can be achieved whether this coherence is semantic, consistent, informative, contextual, intentional, or contextual. Using the techniques and terminology of the text linguistics in studying the Arabic critical texts covering the period of pre - Islamic decades till the end of the fifth century of Hegira has shown that every critical behaviour or speech can be rendered to only one specific foundation the acceptability. This term be very useful in pinpointing the main characteristics of the Arabic unified critical conceptualization of literature and poetry. Subsequently, this type of conceptualization can present a comprehensive account of its issues, solve its problems, and reveal its diverse attitudes. It also shows that modern criticism is able to get deep insights in the ancient Arabic criticism and make use of its vivid and active features. It also reveals the type of coherence, its examples, and throws light on the area of acceptability and its activeness in the ancient Arabic criticism.

اثر الاستعمال اللغوي لاسلوبي الاستفهام والنفي في الدلالة القرانية

اسم المؤلف: زاهد جميل هاشم الحسيني
اسم المشرف: علي عبد الفتاح محيي الحاج فرهود الشمري
الموضوع العام: اللغة العربية وادابها
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: اللغة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The topic of the research is "The Effect of Lingual Usage of interrogative and negative in The Quran's connotation" , and it has great importance at the field of indicative studies, because it shows or (for showing) the type of negation or (denial), and interrogative as lingual and typecast. As well as modern connotation rely on the type of lingual way and its connotation' s Indicatives and through this kind of study could understand the development In the public field of life for all people relying on the depiction of the lingual type, and what it produces of semantics with regard to target audience (addressee). The Thesis included introduction , and it has research summary and flatten (pave) the language of "Quran" , and its knowledge mysteries, and the first chapter deals with the grammatical effects towards connotation. On the other hand the second chapter ; the effect 'of interrogative type in connotation. Finally, the third chapter deals with the effect of negation on connotation, at the end of it we find the results of the research as well as resources and references

التنظيم القانوني لسلطة الادارة في سحب اجازة الاستثمار في التشريع العراقي : دراسة مقارنة == The legal regulation to Administration's to withdrawal of investment commission in Iraq law : comparative study

اسم المؤلف: قاسم محمد حنتوش الهيمص
اسم المشرف: صادق محمد علي حسن الحسيني
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الاداري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

الاختصاصات غير التشريعية للبرلمان : دراسة مقارنة == Non - legislative competences of the Parliament : A comparative study

اسم المؤلف: شيماء نعمة عبود الكعبي
اسم المشرف: عدنان عاجل عبيد
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدستوري
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

اثر اختلال التوازن العقدي في تحديد القانون الواجب التطبيق : دراسة مقارنة == The impact of the disruption of the nodal balance in determining the applicable law : A comparative study

اسم المؤلف: ارم عصام خضير العيسى
اسم المشرف: فراس كريم شيعان
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون الدولي الخاص
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:

التنظيم القانوني للانتفاع بالاجنة البشرية : دراسة مقارنة == The legal system for the use of human embryos : A comparative study

اسم المؤلف: مشتاق عبد الحي عبد الحسين بدر
اسم المشرف: سلام عبد الزهرة عبد الله الفتلاوي
الموضوع العام: القانون
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: القانون المدني
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
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