البحث — المستودع الرقمي العراقي

نتائج البحث: 3 من أصل 3

Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from wheat plant Triticum aestivum L. and barley plant Hordeum vulgare L. cultivated in a Qurna fields

اسم المؤلف: Fatima Gaaid Ali

اسم المشرف: Mohanad Khalaf Mohammed Ameen

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة - كلية العلوم

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

العزل والتشخيص الجزيئي للفطريات المعزولة من التربة المنتجة للمواد الايضية المضادة للميكروبات == Isolation and Molecular Identification of Antimicrobial Metabolites Producing Fungal Isolated from Soil

اسم المؤلف: سرى رحمن نوار المسافر

اسم المشرف: نداء شهاب حمد

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم للبنات - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبرات كلية العلوم للبنات / جامعة بابل للتحري عن الفطريات المنتجة للمركبات الضد ميكروبية في تربة محافظه بابل للمدة من ايلول ,2015 الى ايلول ,2016 . حيث جمعت عينات التربة من مناطق مختلف وشملت الترب الزراعية والترب الغير مزروعة كذلك الترب الملحية وترب الشاطئ والترب الصناعية ,تم تنقية 200 عزله فطرية عشوائيا واختبرت قدرتها التضادية مع عدد من الاحياء المجهرية الممرضة لتحديد قدرتها الانتاجيه .تم اختبار 200 عزلة فطرية بواسطة المسح الاولي لتحديد قابليتها على تثبيط البكتريا الممرضة السالبة والموجبة والفطريات المرضية خارج الوسط الحي .بينت نتائج التضاد ان 72 عزلة كانت قادره على تثبيط 3≤ من الكائنات الممرضة وقد اختبرت هذه العزلات لتحديد انتاجيتها للحوامض حيث وجد ان 13 فقط كانت غير منتجه و59 عزله منتجه بنسب مختلفة .استثنيت العزلات المنتجة للحوامض من الدراسة لان نسبه الحامض ادت الى قتل الاحياء المجهرية الممرضة . اما العزلات غير المنتجة فقد اختيرت منها العزلات الاكثر فعالية في التثبيط وذات مدى تثبيطي واسع . تم تشخيص العينات الفطرية مظهريا باستخدام المجهر الالكتروني واوساط زرعيه تشخيصية مختلفة ,اما التشخيص الجزيئي للعزلات فقد تم باستخدام البادئ العامITS1و ITS4 لتضخيم منطقة Internal transcribed spacer ,حيث بينت نتائج التشخيص المظهري والجزيئي للعزلات بانها تعود للجنسين Aspergillus fumigates وTrichoderma longibrachiatum. اما نتائج فحص الحساسية فقد اوضحت ان العزلتين 104وS4 هما الاقوى في الانتاج على وسط مخلفات البطاطا الصلب بالمقارنه مع الاوساط السائلة وتحت ضروف مثلى من درجة حراره واس هايدروجيني وزمن انتاج .بينت النتائج بان المركبات المعزوله كانت ذات تاثير واسع الطيف ضد مجموعة من البكتريا الموجبه والسالبة لصبغة كرام لذالك تم اختبار فعاليتها ضد مجموعة من الخمائر والاعفان الممرضه للانسان والمعزوله من مختبرات مستشفيات محافظة بابل.عند مقارنه النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها مع نتائج المضادات الصيدلانية وجد ان تاثير المضاد المنتج يفوق تاثير كل من Tetracycline, Amikacin, Ampicillin, Gentamycin, بصورة كبيرة بالاضافة الى تاثيرها على مجموعة من الاعفان الممرضة. اما اعلى قطر تثبيط تم الحصول علية يعود للعزلة S4 ضد البكتريا Bacillus seraus بقطر 43.35mm بعد تنمية الفطر على وسط مخلفات البطاطا الصلب لمدة 9 ايام بدرجه حراره 30 ◦م. وهو اعلى من قطر تثبيط المضاد Meropenem ضد البكتريا المذكوره.تضمنت الدراسة جوانب اخرى وهي استخلاص المركبات الفعالة من وسط التخمر باستخدام خلات الاثيل والماء المقطر ثم تنقيه المركب باستخدام تقنية كروماتوكرافيا الطبقة الرقيقة .كذلك تم تشخيص المركبات الفعالة باستخدام التحاليل الكيميائيه التالية(FTIR,HNMR and CHNS ) لمعرفة المجاميع الفعالة والتركيب الكيميائي للمركبات المستخلصة. | This study is conducted in the laboratories of Science College for Women’s / University of Babylon to investigate the antimicrobial producing fungi in the soil of Babylon province from September 2015 until September 2016 . Soil samples are collected from different regions included agricultural, non - agricultural, salty, sandy and carbonate soil, purified 200 fungal isolates randomly and tested the antagonism with a number of pathogenic microorganisms . The 200 fungal isolates are tested by primary screening method to determine their ability to inhibit in vitro Pathogenic gram positive and negative bacteria and pathogenic fungi. The primary screening illustrate that 72 isolate were able to inhibition 3≤ pathogenic organisms. These isolates were tested to determine the acid productivity which found that only 13 were non - acid production and 59 isolate are product in different concentration. The acids producing isolates are excluded from the study because the rate of acid led to killing of test pathogenic microorganism .The selected isolates are non - acid productive and most effective in the inhibition of test pathogenic microorganism with a wide range. The samples are morphologically identified using the electron microscope and different diagnostic agricultural media (PDA, CYA, MEA), either molecular diagnosis of isolates have been using ITS1 and, ITS4 primer to amplify the Internal transcribed spacer region, the morphological and molecular identification results of the isolates showed that it belongs to Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The sensitivity results illustrate that the isolates 104 and S4 are the strongest in the production on potatoes peals solid media in compared with liquid residues media under the optimal production condition including temperature, hydrogen power and time of production. Results show that the isolated antimicrobial compounds were broad - spectrum against both G+ve and G - ve bacteria so it has been tested its effectiveness against a group of pathogenic yeasts and molds isolated from laboratories of Babylon hospitals.When comparing the results obtained with the results of pharmaceutical antibiotics found that the effect of the product exceeds the effect of Tetracycline, Amikacin, Ampicillin, Gentamycin, in addition to significantly impact on a range of pathogenic molds. The highest inhibition zone is obtained due to the isolation of S4 against the bacteria Bacillus seraus with diameter 43.35mm after the incubation the isolates on the potato peals solid media for 9 days at a temperature of 30 ◦C. These diameter is higher than the inhibition zone of Meropenem antibiotics against the same bacteria.Other aspects of this study include an extracted of the active compounds from the fermentation media using ethyl acetate and distilled water and then purifying the compound using thin layer chromatography(TLC) technique. Also it has been diagnosed the active compounds using the following chemical analysis (FTIR, HNMR and CHNS) to illustrated the type of effective compound.

عزل وتشخيص مركب ايضي ثانوي جديد لكل من الفطرين Fusarium Trichoderma harzianum وsolani المعزولين من السواحل الرسوبية في محافظة البصرة وتقييم فعاليتهما الحياتية == Isolation and Identification of Novel Metabolic Compound From Both Fusarium solani and Trichoderma harzianum Isolated From Sedimentary Coast of Al - Basrah City and Estimate their Activity

اسم المؤلف: فردوس نوري جعفر

اسم المشرف: محمد لطيف علي | نيران جاسم الصالحي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2016

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفطريات

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة البصرة

اللغة: العربية

مكان الجامعة: البصرة

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: with the interest of medical and pharmaceutical uses of the natural products from marine fungi , thirty species of fungi belong to ninteen genus were isolated and identified from sea coast sediment of Al - Faw and Al - Seeba .The fungi Acremonium strictium , Geotricum candidum, Fusarium solani ,F.oxysporum , Penicilium sp. ,Trichoderma harzianum exhibited high inhibition activity toward growth of two reference strains of bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (NCtC 6571). The six selected fungi were grown in liquid culture media PDB at 25°C for two weeks ethyl acetate was used to extract the active compounds from thefermentation liquid media while ethanol was used to extract the active compounds from fungal mycelia .The crud extracts (fermentation and mycelium ) showed different inhibition activity against the pathogenic bacteria , Proteus mirabilis , S. aureus, isolates E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsella pneumoniae. and pathoginic yeastes Candida albicans, C.tropicals,Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytic fungi Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporium canis . The results revealed that the fermental fungi extracts has more inhibition activity than mycelial fungal extracts.The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fungal crude extracts were determined against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and pathogenic yeasts and fungi . antagonisum between studied fungi were evaluated , and the fungus T.harzianum has been the more antagonistic effect against other fungi. The toxicity of the fungal crude extracts were tested by using of human RBC at different concentration the result of this experiment showed that all extracts are non toxic except F.oxysporum extract.From all the above results the both F.solni and T.harzianum extracts showed higher activities ,thus these two extracts chosen for further studies. The anticancer activity of both extracts were studied against Hela cell line and the anticancer activity appeared at 250 Mg/ml and 62.5Mg/ml respectivily. The antioxidant activity of extracts were examined by three different methods ,B - carotene ,hydrogen peroxide scavenger and ferrus ion reduction , the results of three methods showed that both fungal extracts have antioxidant behaviours and the T.harzianum extract had more antioxident activity than F.solani extract and the antioxidant activity of both fungal extracts were increased as the concentration of the extracts increase.An optimization of the fungal growth and bioactivity of both fungi were conducted, by using different Nitrogen sources ( Asparagine , Yeast extract , peptone , Ammonium chloride , Sodium nitrate , Ammonium sulphate ) and carbon sources ( Maltose , Galactose , Glucose , Dextrose , Sucrose ,xylose and Starch ) the results elucidated that yeast extract was the best for growth of both fungi on solid and liquid media and high inhibition activity appear with T.harzianum against bacteria isolates , the carbon source starchenriched the growth of F.solani with more activity in inhibition the bacterial growth while the sucrose give high enrichment to the growth of T.harzianum in solid and liquid media with high activity toward bacterial growth. The study also indicates that the beast temperature and pH which gives the higher activity and growth 25°C and pH6 . The effect of different concentration of salinity were studied as well (1%,2%,3%,4%,5%,6% NaCl)and 2% showed the best concentration .The activity of two studied fungal extracts were superior than commercial antibiotic toward bacterial isolates .Preliminary qualitative chemical tests were carried out on the extracts and their chemical nature were identified .TLC technique were used and the chemical analysis showed that F.solani extract consist of two components with constant Rf values, the components marked as A1 and A2 . A1 shows higher activity against bacterial strains while T.harzianum extract consist of one component.The chemical structures of the isolated compound were