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تقييم عدم تزامن انقباضية البطين الايسر لدى مرضى ارتفاع ضغط الدم ممن يمتلكون قوة ضخ ضمن المعدل الطبيعي == Echocardiographic assessment of Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony in Hypertensive Patients with Normal Systolic Function

اسم المؤلف: مروة طارق محمد
اسم المشرف: علي ال ياسين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: congestive heart failure,the majority of such patients have systemic hypertension. Recent studies have demonstrated Left Ventricular dyssynchrony among patients with heart failure and normal systolic function.The co - existence between Left Ventricular dyssynchrony and hypertension with normal systolic function (with no clinical evidence of heart failure), is less well understood.The Aim of study : To assess the Left Ventricular dyssynchrony among hypertensive patients with normal systolic function by using Tissue doppler imaging.To find out the associations between the LV dyssynchrony and other global echocardiographic findings like (LA volume index, LVmass index , LV sephericity and LV filling pressure E/E) .Patients and method Prospective case - control study conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospital from 1st of June 2015 to 30th of May 2016 .Study included two groups of people, a 40 age_ matched healthy (control) group (group1) and 60 patients with established hypertension (group 2). A Complete 2 - D and TDI echocardiography studies with simulitnous ECG were performed for all patients. Examination involved LV septal and posterior wall thicknesses, internal dimensions, left atrial size, ejection fraction and tissue doppler derived waves velocities E', E/E.' Dyssynchrony was determined by measuring T - P max ( the maximal time difference from the onset of QRS to peak systolic velocity on TDI between any opposing LV wall in 3 apical views) .Results : The study included 40 age - matched control people, 27males (67.5%) and 13 females (32.5%) with a male to female ratio was 1.8 : 1, ranging from (42.4 - 58y) with mean age was (50.2 ±7.8y ) (group 1) and 60 hypertensive patients, 38 males (63.3%) and 22 females (36.7%) with a male to female ratio was 1.7 : 1, ranging from (48.5 - 66.5y) with mean age of (57.5± 9.0 y) (group 2) .Left Ventricular dyssynchrony was identified in 20 of 60 patients (33.3%) .Dyssynchrony had no significant association with age and BSA. Dyssynchrony was significantly associated with LA volume index (r = 0.61, p=0.001), LV mass index (r=0.52 ,p=0.001) , LV sphericity index (r= 0.5, p = 0.003) ) and LV filling pressure (r=0.6 , p value=0.001) . Dyssynchrony had significant negative correlation with ( E) velocity (r= - 0.7 ,P =0.001) .

شيوع متلازمة الم الليف العضلي بين عينة من النساء العراقيات المصابات بالعقم == Prevalence of Fibromyalgia among a Sample of Women with Infertility

اسم المؤلف: رسل عبد الامير شاكر
اسم المشرف: نزار عبد اللطيف جاسم | الاء حازم بدر
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Fibromyalgia is the current term for chronic widespreadmusculoskeletal pain for which no alternative cause can be identified, itfrequently affects women of fertile age. Fibromyalgia is a debilitating andfrustrating syndrome that is usually triggered by psychological orphysical stressful events. Infertility is failure to achieve pregnancy in a 12month period for patients under 35 years of age and failure to conceive ina 6 months period for the over 35 years that causes major psychosocialimpact on infertile person life whether male or female.Aims of the studyTo estimate the prevalence of fibromyalgia among a sample ofinfertile women; and to study its correlation with age, duration ofmarriage, and duration and type of infertility.Patients and MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted in Kamal Al - SamarraeeInfertility Center & Infertility Clinic in Baghdad Teaching Hospital on202 infertile women. Personal information, sociodemographic featuresand obstetrical history of each patient were recorded and fibromyalgiawas diagnosed according to 2012 Canadian Guidelines for Diagnosis andManagement of Fibromyalgia.ResultsFibromyalgia was reported in 48 women (23.8%). There wassignificant association between fibromyalgia and age (P=0.023), longerduration of marriage (P=0.001) and longer duration of infertilityVIII(P=0.04), but no significant association with type of infertility whetherprimary or secondary(P=0.32).ConclusionsThe prevalence of fibromyalgia among infertile women was higher than reported in general population and its occurrence was significantly associated with age, longer duration of marriage and infertility.

نوعية الحياة اثناء العلاج الشعاعي الخارجي للراس والرقبة == Quality of Life During Head and Neck External Beam Radiotherapy

اسم المؤلف: علي غالب محمود
اسم المشرف: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Worldwide, head and neck carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer accounting for 2.8% of all malignancies. Radiotherapy plays an integral role in their management and it is used in approximately 60 - 70% of cases. Even withrecent advancements in the radiation therapy it is still associated with certain treatment - induced reactions that may affect the quality of life of patients during and after treatment. This study aim to evaluate the radiation induced early side effects in patients receiving external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of a head and neck carcinoma.Patients and methods This study is an observational descriptive cross - sectional survey, with the target population being patients whom had external beam radiotherapy for a head and neck tumor whom are within 180 days from starting treatment. Forty patientswere included, all received external beam radiotherapy to the head and neck region at the Oncology Teaching Center / Radiation Therapy Department at the Medical City Complex with either a radical or adjuvant intent. The data were collected from 1st of January 2016 to 1st of March 2016. All patients were evaluated for the early side effects of external beam radiotherapy to the head and neck region including fatigue, skin dermatitis, voice changes, xerostomia, altered taste, oral mucositis, and dysphagia. As well as the incidence of patients who required a tracheostomy and/or a gastrostomy after initiation of radiotherapy, and that of those who developed a significant weight loss (>10% of their initial weight).ResultsIn this study, dysphagia occurred in 88% of the studied patients, only 1 patient (3%) developed a grade 4 dysphagia and required a gastrostomy. Of the 40 patients who were studied, 14 patients (35%) had a significant weight loss ≥10% of their initial weight. Xerostomia occurred in 85% of the studied patients, while fatigue occurred in 83% of the studied patients. Oral mucositis and skin dermatitis had similar incidences, each occurring in 63% of the studied patients.Voice changes and altered taste occurred in 55% and 53% of the studied patients respectively.ConclusionsDysphagia and xerostomia were the two most common early side effects of radiotherapy to the head and neck region. More than half of patients with dysphagia had a grade 2 or higher dysphagia, and about three - quarters of those with xerostomia had a grade 2 or higher xerostomia. To spare the salivary glands and pharynx during radiotherapy plan preparations as much as possible is highly recommended to reduce those two side effects.Although fatigue ranked third in incidence after dysphagia and xerostomia, the majority of those patients complained of only a mild fatigue over baseline.Skin dermatitis and oral mucositis had a similar incidence occurring in 63% of the studied patients. More than half of those patients had only a mild reaction (grade 2 or less). Regular use of soothing agents is recommended to counteract these two side effects.

تاثير القلق او الاكتئاب او كلاهما على الالم والتيبس والوظيفة البدنية لعينة من المرضى المصابين بالفصال العظمي الاولي للركبة : دراسة مقطعية عرضية == Impact of Anxiety and/or Depression symptoms on Pain, Stiffness, and Physical Function in Patients with Primary Osteoarthritis of The Knee : A Cross Sectional Study

اسم المؤلف: عياء عبد الامير محمد
اسم المشرف: سامي سلمان شهاب
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Osteoarthritis is the most common articular disease of thedeveloped countries and a leading cause of pain and disability. The presenceof anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis canadversely affect pain and physical function. There is also a proposed adverseeffect of anxiety and depression symptoms on joint stiffness.Objective : To examine the effect of anxiety and/or depression on pain,stiffness, and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Patients and Methods : A cross - sectional study was conducted on a totalof 101 patients with diagnosis of primary knee osteoarthritis according tothe American College of Rheumatology criteria. Each patient completed theWestern Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Indexand the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist - 25 for anxiety and depression (HSCL - 25). The presence of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms was determined,and their effects on the WOMAC scores were assessed.Results : According to the study, 83.2% of patients were found to haveanxiety and/or depression symptoms while only 16.8% have no symptoms ofthese disorders. Patients with anxiety symptoms only had significantlyhigher mean pain score than those with none (p. value = 0.042). while theeffect of anxiety symptoms only on the mean physical function, stiffness,and total WOMAC scores was not statistically significant, (p .value = 0.18,0.87, 0.08) respectively. Patients with depression symptoms only hadsignificantly higher mean pain, physical function, and total WOMAC scoresas compared with those with none, (p .value = 0.044, 0.021, 0.013)respectively. While there is no statistically significant effect for the presenceof depression symptoms only on mean stiffness score (p. value = 0.094).Patients who have symptoms of both anxiety and depression had higherABSTRACTVIImean pain, physical function, stiffness, and total WOMAC scores comparedwith those with none , (p. value <0.001, <0.001, =0.013, <0.001). The totalnumber of patients with anxiety and/or depression symptoms hadsignificantly higher mean pain, physical function, stiffness, and totalWOMAC scores as compared with those with none, (p. value <0.001, <0.001, =0.01, <0.001) respectively. After performing multiple logistic regressions to control any confounding effect, the pain, Stiffness and total WOMAC scores were significantly associated with the presence of anxiety and or depression, (P. value<0.05), after adjustment for other variables.Conclusions : 1. According to anxiety and depression scores most of the patients with KOA had anxiety or depression symptoms or both.2. The presence of anxiety and/or depression symptoms was associated with significantly higher pain, stiffness, and total WOMAC scores, but the association with physical function scores was not significant.

تقييم المعرفة حول هشاشة العظام في عينة من النساء البالغات في بغداد, العراق, 2016 == Assessment of Knowledge about Osteoporosis among a Sample of adult Women in Baghdad, Iraq, 2016

اسم المؤلف: هند صلاح محمد
اسم المشرف: فارس حسن اللامي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • Osteoporosis
  • Iraq
  • OKAT
  • Adult women
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Osteoporosis is a global growing health problem and contributor of mortality and morbidity. It causes a significant personal and societal impact and increases the burden of healthcare services. The objective of this study is to assess the level of knowledge about osteoporosis among a sample of adult women in Baghdad, Iraq, 2016.Methods : A cross - sectional study conducted on a sample of adult women in Baghdad (age ≥ 25 years old) who attended consulting clinics in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. The estimated sample size was calculated to be 384. We used a questionnaire to gather socio - demographic data and life habits that may affect osteoporosis risk, and the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) to measure osteoporosis knowledge of women. The maximum score of the total knowledge was out of 100 points. The score had been categorized as follow weak (<50%), moderate (50% - 75%), good (>75%).Results : The mean level of knowledge scores is 53.53±13.04, and the range is 5 - 85%. Around 70% had correctly answered half of the questions. On Binary analysis, we found the level of education and source of information were the only significant risk factors (p value=0.001). On application of Logistic regression analysis; educational status was the only significant (OR=1.41, 95% CI : 1.2 - 1.7).Conclusion : Iraqi women had moderate level of knowledge about osteoporosis.More work is needed to ensure more women having the right knowledge, attitudes and practices.

التصنيف الجزيئي لعينة من مرضى سرطان الثدي العراقيين وعلاقته بحالة المرضى السريرية والنسيجية : دراسة وصفية == Molecular Classification of Iraqi Breast Cancer Patients and Its Correlation with Patients’ Profile (Observational Study)

اسم المؤلف: مصطفى خضير جاسم
اسم المشرف: منور عبد الاله النقاش
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • Iraqi breast cancer
  • molecular classification
  • Luminal B like.
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Breast cancer is a complex, multifaceted disease encompassing a great variety of entities that show considerable variation in clinical, morphological and molecular attributes. Traditional classifications including histological assessment and clinical staging are used to guide patient management. In recent years, there has been exponential progress in molecular analysis with profound implications for our understanding of breast cancer biology and, hence, classification.Objective : The aim of this study to assess Iraqi breast cancer patients’ clinical profile (tumor size, lymph nodes, etc…). Evaluate patients’ molecular profile (Estrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor, HER2/neu and Ki - 67).Patients & Methods : This is a cross - sectional descriptive study was done in Baghdad oncology teaching hospital from the 1st of December 2015 to the 1st of April 2016, carried on 100 breast cancer female patients with their age range from 27 to 73 years old and with their histopathology reports and immunohistochemical (IHC) results including Estrogen (ER), Progesterone (PgR), HER2/neu and Ki - 67. The patients in this study underwent surgical intervention either by a biopsy or mastectomy with axillary clearance, and the formalin - fixed paraffin - embedded tissue blocks were sent to the hospital’s laboratory for H&E and IHC.Results : The mean age ± SD (51 ± 10) years, the highest incidence of breast cancer among patients in 5th (40 - 49 years) and 6th (50 - 59 years) decades of life and each group is (32%), while the lowest incidence in 3rd decade of life (2%). In regards of tumor size, T1 was (28%), T2 was (56%), T3 was (15%) and T4 was (1%). According to lymph nodes, Nx was (33%), N0 was (16%), N1 was (25%), N2 was (17%) and N3 was (9%). ER and PgR values were observed in 74% and 75% respectively, regarding ER receptor there were 14 patients (14%)XIwith +1, 17 patients (17%) with +2, 43 patients (43%) with +3, and 26 patients (26%) with negative score, while PgR receptor there were 11 patients (11%) with +1, 20 patients (20%) with +2, 44 patients (44%) with +3, and 25 patients (25%) with negative score. In regards of the immunohistochemicetry of Her2/neu there were 26 patients (26%), 28 patients (28%), 30 patients (30%) and 16 patients (16%) for score 0, +1, +2, +3 respectively, score +3 considered positive, score 0, +1 considered negative, while +2 equivocal, and 31 patients (31%) with Ki - 67 <14, while 69 patients (69%) with Ki - 67 ≥14. There was a negative correlation between the tumor size and Her2/neu, with statistically significant P value = 0.013, and there was a weak correlation between the lymph nodes and the tumor size with insignificant P value = 0.181. Also there was a strong correlation between ER and PgR with highly significant P value < 0.0001, and a strong correlation between ER and Her2 with significant P value = 0.009. On the other hand, our results reported a weak correlation between PgR and Her2 with insignificant P value = 0.165. Luminal B - like were 53 patients (53%), Luminal A - like were 29 patients (29%), Triple negative were 15 patients (15%) and HER2 overexpressed were 3 patients (3%). The highest frequency was seen among patients with Luminal B - like followed by Luminal A - like and triple negative, while the lowest frequency was seen among patients with HER2 overexpressed.Conclusions : Highest incidence of breast cancer in the studied patients was seen ≥ 40 years in the 5th & 6th decades of life, and the most common tumor size was T2, beside the most common assessed axillary lymph nodes were N1. Luminal B - like was the most common molecular subtype of the breast cancer patients in the studied group mostly due to high Ki - 67 index. Most of the breast cancer patients in the current study were ER and PgR (Hormonal) positive 74%, 75% respectively

تقييم الاضرار الجانبية المبكرة للعلاج الشعاعي في مرضى سرطان الثدي == Assessment of early side effects of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients

اسم المؤلف: ايلاف علي حسين
اسم المشرف: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الكلمات الدلالية:
  • Breast cancer
  • Conventional fractionation
  • Hypofractionation
  • Radiation Dermatitis
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: سرطان الثدي هو السرطان الاكثر شيوعا" عند النساء في العراق والعالم. العلاج الشعاعي يلعب دورا" اساسيا" في علاج سرطان الثدي. عند الممارسة العامة لعلاج الاورام بالاشعاع, سرطان الثدي نموذجيا" يشكل حوالي 25% من مجموع حالات المرضى.هذا يجعل فهم ماهية الضرر المتوقع من الاشعاع لسرطان الثدي وعلاجه ذو اهمية اولوية بما انه يؤثر على عدد قيم من المرضى يوميا".الاضرار الجانبية الناتجة عن الاشعاع في مرضى سرطان الثدي يمكن ان تنقسم الى اضرار جانبية مبكرة (حادة ومتوسطة) واخرى متاخرة. الاضرار الجانبية المبكرة تحدث خلال مدة المعالجة وحتى ستة اشهر بعد انتهاء العلاج.هذه الدراسة هي مسح استبياني ((cross - sectional survey مع مكونات تحليلية تهدف لتقييم الاضرار الجانبية المبكرة للعلاج الشعاعي الخارجي المساعد في 60 مريض بسرطان الثدي عولجوا في قسم العلاج الشعاعي في مستشفى الاورام والطب النووي في مدينة الطب من فترة كانون الثاني لنيسان 2016 بعد استئصال الثدي (44 مريض) او عمليات الحفاظ على الثدي (16 مريض).الاضرار الجانبية الناتجة عن الاشعاع الاكثر حدوثا" كانت تهيج جلدي 81.6%, ارهاق 70%, الم في المناطق المشععة 66.6%, حرقة البعوم 58.3%, غثيان 41.6%, صعوبة البلع 35% وتورم الذراع 28.3%.كان هناك فرق ذا قيمة احصائية بين حدوث التهيج الجلدي بين جرع الاشعاع الثلاث المستحدمة. تهيج الجلد الشديد (الدرجة الثانية والثالثة) كان حادثا"بصورة قيمة اكثر في المرضى المستلمين لجلسات الشعاع الاعتيادية (5000 cGy/25 F (CF)) منه في المرضى المستلمين لجلسات العلاج الشعاعي المختصرة (hypofractionation). وهذا متوافق مع المصادر.نسبة حدوث التهيج الجلدي كانت اكثر ايضا" في المرضى المعالجين بعمليات الحفاظ على الثدي 87.5% منها في الذين استاصلوا الثدي 79.5%, لكن العلاقة لم تكن ذات قيمة احصائية.استنتجنا ان هناك الكثير من الاضرار الجانبية الحادة تحدث بعد العلاج الشعاعي لمرضى سرطان الثدي ليس منها فوق الدرجة الثالثة. ولكنها تؤثر على جودة الحياة الصحية ويجب تجنبها ان امكن. تهيج الجلد كان اكثر اضرارالاشعاع الجانبية شيوعا وكان متعلقا بتقسيم الجرع. الارهاق كان الثاني وكان ذو صلة بمرحلة المرض. | Background : Breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women In Iraq and globally. Radiation plays an essential role in the management of breast cancer. In a general radiation oncology practice, breast cancer comprises approximately 25% of total patient caseload. This makes understanding what type of toxicity to expect from radiation for breast cancer and its management of prime importance since it affects significant numbers of patients daily. Radiation induced side effects (RISE) in breast cancer patients can be divided into early (acute and subacute) and late side effects. Early radiation toxicities occur during treatment time and up to six months after treatment has finished. Objectives : assessment of the early side effects of adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in breast cancer patients.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional survey with analytic component conducted on 60 patients treated in the radiotherapy department of oncology teaching hospital of medical city from the first of January to the 30th of April 2016 after mastectomy (44 patients) or breast conserving surgery (BCS) (16 patients).Results : The most prevalent RISE were radiation dermatitis (81.6%), fatigue (70%), pain in the irradiated area (66.6%), sore throat (58.3%), nausea (41.6%), dysphagia (35%), and arm edema (28.3%). There was a significant difference between prevalence of dermatitis with different radiation doses used. Dermatitis was more prevalent with conventional fractionation (CF), than in hypofractionated radiotherapy. The prevalence of dermatitis was also more in patient treated with BCS (87.5%) than those who had mastectomy (79.5%), but this relation was not statistically significant. Fatigue was found to be related to disease stage.Conclusion : Much acute toxicity were developed after radiotherapy to breast cancer patients, none of them was above grade 3; however they affect health related quality of life (HRQL) and should be avoided if possible. Dermatitis was the most common acute toxicity of radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. It was related to dose fractionation. Fatigue was the 2nd common. It was correlated with disease stage.

الحالة السريرية والمرضية النسيجية لمرضى سرطان الرئة في العراق وقت عرض الحالة == Clinical And Pathological Profile Of Iraqi Lung Cancer Patients At Time Of Presentation (An Observation Study)

اسم المؤلف: هالة ساطع طه
اسم المشرف: منور عبد الاله النقاش
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: الخلفية العلمية : في جميع انحاء العالم يمثل سرطان الرئة 13% (1.6 مليون) من مجموع حالات السرطان و18% (1.4 مليون) من الوفيات الناجمة عن السرطان على اساس تقديرات عام 2008 وسرطان الرئة في العراق سبب شائع في للوفاة في كلا الجنسين اهداف الدراسة : التقييم السريري والتصويري للحالة المرضية وايجاد علاقة بين الانواع الفرعية النسيجية المرضية وغيرها من معلومات المريض .طريقة البحث : تعتبر هذه الدراسة من نوع دراسة المراقبة (دراسة مقطعية) تتكون من 60 مريض يعانون من مرض سرطان الرئة متوسطة اعمارهم 60 عام 38 ذكور و22 اناث (نسبة الذكور الى الاناث 1.7 : 1) تم جمع حالات المرضى من العيادة الاستشارية في مستشفى الاورام التعليمي في مدينة الطب من شهر كانون الثاني الى شهر نيسان 2016 تم تقييم جميع الحالات واجراء الفحص السريري والتشخيصي والنسيجي.النتيجة . تم دراسة (60) مريضا اثبتت اصابتهم بسرطان الرئة سن الحد الادنى للمرضى هو 32 سنة والحد الاقصى 81 سنة بمتوسط عمر 60 عام 38 من الذكور و22 اناث معظم المرضى لديهم صعوبة التنفس في وقت العرض (21%)، ونفث الدم (20%). تليها السعال (16 %). اما المكان التشريحي الاكثر اصابة بسرطان الرئة الفص العلوي الايمن 14 (23%). ثم الفص العلوي الايسر 9 (15%). يعد الغسل القصبي اختبار الخلايا 22 (36%) اكثر وسيلة مستخدمة لتشخيص المرض يليها فحص الخلايا المسحوبة بواسطة الابرة الناعمة 9 (15 %)، طموح السائل الجنبي 8(13.3%) الخزعة الاستئصالية 7 (11.7%)، الخزعة الجراحية 5 (8.3%)، علم خلايا البلغم 4(6.7%)، الخزعة الماخوذة بمساعدة الجهازالطبقي المقطعي 2 (3.3%) النتيجة التشريحيةالمرضية الرئيسية هي سرطان الخلية الحرشفية (41.7%) ثم الغدية (36.7%) بعدها سرطان الرئة صغير الخلية ، ورم الظهارة المتوسطة (8.3%) اخيرا يمثل سرطان الخلايا القشرية هو الشائع في الذكور 20(52.6%) ولكنه في الاناث 5 (22.7%) ومع ذلك السرطانات الغدية هي الاكثر شيوعا في الاناث 12 (54.5%) من الذكور 10 (26.3%) هنالك علاقة طردية بين نسبة حدوث سرطان الرئة من نوع الخلايا الصغيرة مع التدخين حيث ان جميع المرضى هم مدخنين بينما في الخلايا الحرشفية فان (47.8%) هم مدخنين (P=0.003) اغلب المرضى لديهم ورم خبيث منتشر وقت تشخيص الحالة (56%) و(33.3%) لديهم استسقاء رئويالاستنتاجات : 1 - اكثر عارض مرضي يعاني منه مرضى السرطان في العراق هو ضيق التنفس ثم النفث الدموي.2 - الفص العلوي الايمن هو الاكثر اصابة بالمرض 3 - الغسل القصبي وفحص الخلايا هو اكثر طرق التشخيص شيوعا 4 - سرطان الخلايا الحرشفية هو النوع النسيجي المرضي السائد في الذكور بينما سرطان الرئة من نوع الغدي هو السائد في الاناث 5 - هناك علاقة ذات دلالة احصائية بين سرطان الخلايا الحرشفية والتدخين (P=0.003) واغلب المرضى يعانو من مراحل متقدمة في وقت عرض الحالة | Background; Carcinoma of the lung is currently the leading cause world wide of death . The disease has become an epidemic as incidence rates and lung cancer deaths have risen dramatically over the last century, Throughout the world, lung cancer accounts for 13% (1.6 million) of the total cases of cancer and 18% (1.4 million) of the cancer - related deaths based on 2008 estimates. Among males, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death. Among females worldwide, it is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death.Aim of study : 1 - Identify the most common stages of lung cancer at time of presentation2 - Estimate the anatomical distribution of lung cancer according to histopathological subtypes3 - Find the acorrelation between histopathological subtypesAnd other parameters of patient profilePatients &Methods : Methods;An observation study ( A cross sectional study) of 60 patients with lung cancer with mean age of 60 years old.38 male;22 female (male : female 1.7 : 1). cases were collected from consultant clinic at the Oncology Teaching Center in Medical City. The data were collected from 1st January to 30th of April/2016. All patients were evaluated from history ,physical examination ,sent for investigations &review of histopathology samples.Results : A total of 60 lung cancer patients were studied,mean age of patients 60 yrs old , male : female ratio 1.7 : 1 ,most patients are smoker, Sequamous cell carcinoma is commonest type (41.9% ) of all patients, and its male predominant (33.3%) .Most patient diagnosed by bronchial wash and cytology (36%) ,Right upper zone is commonest site of malignancy (23.3%) ,most patients presented in advance stage and metastasis (56%).Conclusions*Lung cancer is commonest cause of cancer related death.*Proper stage of disease is recommended as mediastinscopy found 15% of occult lymph node metastasis in radiologically normal nodes.*Most patients have metastasis at time of presentation so we can use new radiological modalitiy to diagnosed occult metastasis.*use molecular biology to proper diagnose the histopathologiac subtypes and identify the response to treatment and give a prognosis idea*Active surveillance of primary small lung lesion

العوامل المرتبطة مع سرطان الثدي وتاثيراتها في عينة من المرضى لمستشفى الامل الوطني لعلاج السرطان في بغداد == Factors associated with Breast Cancer Impact in a sample of Al - Amal National hospital for Cancer management in Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: اسامة مدحت لفتة
اسم المشرف: احمد سمير النعيمي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب المجتمع
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Breast cancer (BC) known to be the most common cause of cancer - related death among females with excess of more than a million inflicted with this disease every year. In Iraq, breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy among the Iraqi population in general. The disease affects physical and mental health among breast cancer survivors. The true impact of a successful medical intervention could be understood by the degree to which the treatment has a positive influence on patient’s immediate and /or future well - being. Assessment of quality of life among breast cancer is vital to identify area of concerns to the patient and health professional, and to suggest means to improve disease outcome and reduce patient’s suffering. The current study aimed at measuring the impact of Breast Cancer on different aspects of health related quality of life. In addition, to studying the association between the impact of breast Cancer and sociodemographic characteristics or treatment modalities.A cross - sectional study was conducted on a total of 250 randomly selected females with an established diagnosis of breast cancer attending Al - Amal National hospital for Cancer management in Baghdad. Data collection took place during the period from January to April, 2016, each participant was asked to fill The questionnaire composed of three parts : The first one covered sociodemographic characteristics including : age, gender, educational attainment, marital status, living arrangement, finical status, BMI and blood pressure. The second part contained the ABCIS (Arabic Breast Cancer Impact Scale) with 14 questionnaire items. The third part of the questionnaire gathered data about disease associated factors like duration, treatment modalities. The answers that reflect the impact of the disease on specific life domains were anchored to a 5 points Likert - scale type rating scale. It ranges from large extent to no impact. Higher rating reflects higher negative impact. In addition, the importance of each domain rated on 4 points likert - scale ranges from very important to not important. Higher rating reflects greater importance.Breast cancer had negative impact on patients quality of life. The psychological domain was the most affected among the three domains of quality of life, while theviisocial domain was the least affected. The retest part of the study supported a high reliability for the tested instrument among Iraqi Breast Cancer patients. A quarter of study subjects described the quality of their life as poor. This group of females is at risk for bad prognosis and deterioration of their conditions later on.The study failed to detect an association between type of treatment (whether radio or chemo - therapy) and negative impact of breast cancer on quality of life. Most cancer patients in Iraq fail to cope with the new events and changes in their body image and daily activities that resulted from their disease, neither in their social or occupational life. This might be related to the lack of the psychological therapy and rehabilitation program, which should be provided in all stages of management.

تصنيف المرضى العراقيين المصابين بالاورام العصبيه الغديه وتقدير مدى استجابتهم لعقارالساندوستاتين (الاوكتيريوتايد) == NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS CLASSIFICATION AND RESPONSE TO LONG ACTING SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE; AN IRAQI EXPERIENCE

اسم المؤلف: مروة خالد عبد الفتاح
اسم المشرف: منور عبد الاله النقاش
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The lack of studies regarding the incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is related to the rarity of these tumors (25/1,000,000). Chromogranin A is a useful tumor marker for NETs diagnosis & follow - up. Octereotide LAR is an established treatment for NETs by both providing symptomatic relief & inhibiting tumor growth. However, studies regarding incidence of NETs & their response to SAS - LAR are still insufficient.Aim of studyTo shade the light on the incidence of NETs, the clinico - pathologic characteristics of Iraqi patients with NETs & their response to long acting Octereotide.Patients & methodsThis is a cross - sectional observational study that was conducted in Oncology teaching hospital/medical city complex using patients’ follow - up sheets. Data recruitment included all NET patients diagnosed after October 2013 to April 2016.ResultsIn our registry, 38 patients were recorded; most patients (60.5%) were over the age of 50 years with male to female ratio (1.2 : 1). We found the gastroenteropancreatic tract being the most common primary organ followed by pelvis . With respect to the GI tract we found that pancreas (26.3 %) was the commonest primary organ. Metastatic disease at presentation was found in (44.7%) of patients with the Liver (15.8%)was the most common metastatic site.Notably, most of our patients presented with G3 disease (44.7%) & (13.2%) with G1 . Serial CgA tests were performed in (17/28) patients used SAS - LAR, with a change in mean value from (225.3 U/L) pre - using the agent to (17.5 U/L) two months after use & to (8.7 U/L) four months after use(p=0.001) while the change in mean of CgA level was from (205.9 U/L) to (200.9 U/L) in 10 patients who did not use octereotide.(p=0.2). After a period of 2 years ,the median time of remission following SAS - LAR administration was 3 months compared to 7 months in patients received other modalities of treatment. In our study, a statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the two groups of patients.(p=0.003).Conclusion Plasma CgA is the most reliable marker for NETs, reflecting the clinical evolution of the disease. Aids in diagnosis & response assessment to different therapies.Octreotide LAR provides symptomatic response & contributes to disease stabilization & tumor regression in both functional & non functional NETs.1 - INTRODUCTION Neuroendocrine tumors are thought to arise from cells throughout the diffuse neuroendocrine system that is composed of peptide - and amine - producing cells that may secrete different hormones depending on the site of origin. NETs are composed of monotonous sheets of small round blue cells with uniform nuclei and cytoplasm(1). They compromise a broad family of tumors, the most common of which are carcinoid tumors (most commonly arise in the lungs & bronchi, small intestine, appendix rectum, or thymus)& pancreatic NETOther neuroendocrine tumors arise from parathyroid, adrenal, pituitary gland, & in calcitonin - producing cells of the thyroid (causing medullary thyroid carcinoma)( 2).Most NETs seem to be sporadic; risk factors for sporadic NET are poorly understood. Risk factors for the development of midgut carcinoid tumors include age, male sex, and increased body mass index, and menopausal hormone therapy (1).NET may also arise in the context of inherited genetic syndromes, include multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 1& 2 (2).The incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) NETs is 6.2 per 100,000 populations and has been steadily increasing. The increasing incidence of NETs reportedIn many studies is likely multifactorial and includes increased awareness and improved endoscopic methods of detection.As these tumors are indolent and patients survive a long time, the prevalence is quite high, making them the second most prevalent GI tract tumor, second only to colon cancer. Some are clinically silent and have been detected only at autopsy (incidence 8%). Further ,patients with GI NETs have a higher risk of other noncarcinoid primary tumors. The overall 5 - year survival rate of all patients with GI NETs is 28.5%.(1) Of all NETs ∼25% are located in the respiratory tract. Typical carcinoids (TCs) comprise ∼1% - 2% and atypical carcinoids (ACs) only 0.1% - 0.2% of pulmonary neoplasms. According to the surveillance, epidemiology and end results program (SEER) database from 2003, the combined incidence has been 1.57/100 000 inhabitants . The prevalence of thymic NET is ∼3% of the total number of NETs at all sites. In the last SEER database, a reported incidence of thymic NETs is 0.02/100 000 population per year . They constitute ∼5% of all thymic tumors. Both bronchial and thymic NETs may be part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome (MEN - 1, 5% - 15%). The median age at diagnosis for bronchial NETs is 64 years and for thymic NETs 59 years.(3) The incidence of G1NET increased from 2.0 to 3.0; there was a large increase in G2NET from 0.01 in 1990 to 0.2 in 2010, and of the G3 - LCNET from 0.01 to 1.8, respectively. In G3 - SCNET incidence in men decreased from 21.3 to 10.1, whereas in women it increased from 4.5 to 7.7.(4).

تاثير عمر الام على نتائج الحمل == Effect of maternal age on pregnancy outcome

اسم المؤلف: حلا نعمان محمدعلي
اسم المشرف: جواد كاظم الديوان
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلفية البحث : في العقود القليلة الماضية ،كان هناك تاخير في الحمل الاول ، ومعدل عمر النساء في وقت الولادة تزايدت. يرافق المراهقات الحوامل والحوامل المتقدمات بالعمرمضاعفات اثناء الحمل والولادة. هدف الدراسة : لدراسه تاثير عمر الام على صحه الام والوليد .المنهجية : دراسة مقطعية اجريت في مستشفى بغداد التعليمي للفترة من بداية شهراذار وحتى بداية شهر حزيران من سنة 2016 ،العينة متكونة من( 500امراة) اختيرت بطريقة العينات العشوائية المنتظمة من ملفات المرضى في قسم الاحصاء .تمت جمع المعلومات من قبل الباحثة من فايلات المرضى اللذين دخلوا او رقدوا في ردهات قسم النسائية لسنة 2015 ، ثم تم تصنيفهم حسب العمر الى ستة فئات عمرية المجموعة(<20 )، المجموعة (20 - 24 ) ،المجموعة (25 - 29) ،المجموعة (30 - 34 ) المجموعة(35 - 39)،المجموعة (40≤) .النتائج : اظهرت الدراسة بان هناك فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين المجاميع العمرية المختلفة ،بالنسبة لوجود ارتفاع ضغط الدم اثناء الحمل ،داء السكري الولادة المبكرة ،وزن الوليد ،التشوهات الولادية ، وفاة الجنين داخل الرحم ،وطريقة الولادة. ولايوجد فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بالنسبة لوجود الاسقاط ،ولادة جنين ميت ،فقر الدم ،والحمل المتعدد. الاستنتاج : اثبتت الدراسة ان مضاعفات الحمل والولادة والمشاكل المتعلقة بالجنين عند الولادة تكون نسبتها اعلى عندالمراهقات الحوامل والنساء المتقدمات بالعمر . | Background : In the last few decades, there has been a delay in first - time pregnancies, and the average age of women at the time of delivery has increased in many countries. Teenage and advanced maternal ages are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.Objective : To demonstrate the effect of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes in different age groups mothers.Subjects and methods : Across sectional study was conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospital, data was collected in obstetric \gynecology department from 1st of March until 1st of June 2016 .Total of 500 women were included in the study using the systemic random sampling, every 10th case was selected, then divided into six age groups, a list of information was taken from hospital record at statistic department.Results : The results showed that there was statistically significant association among different age group, regarding presence of pregnancy induced hypertension, diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, birth weight, congenital anomalies, IUD, mode of delivery (p value<0.05). Interestingly there was no statistically significant association regarding presence of fetal loss (miscarriage, stillbirth), anemia, and multiple pregnancies (p value> 0.05).Conclusion : Maternal and neonatal complications are higher during the teenage years and advanced maternal age.Keywords : Maternal age, outcome of pregnancy

دور فحص المرونة وسرعة الموجات المقصوصة في التفريق بين الاورام الحميدة والخبيثة في الثدي == USE OF SHEAR WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT BREAST MASS

اسم المؤلف: اوان حكمت محمد
اسم المشرف: ليث احمد خلف
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة التشخيصية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Shear wave elastography is a new method of obtaining elastography images based on the combination of a radiation force induced in a tissue by an ultrasonic beam and an ultrafast imaging sequence capable of catching in real time the propagation of the resulting shear waves.Aim of studyTo assess the performance of shear wave elastography in differentiating between the malignant and benign breast tumors. Patients and Methods A cross sectional study carried out in Breast Clinic at Oncology Teaching Hospital - Baghdad Medical city for period from 1st of November, 2015 to end of June, 2016 convenient sample of 80 women with suspected breast tumor. After full history and examination, enrolled women were examined with ultrasound by the researcher with help of Radiologist.ResultsA highly significant association was observed between women with BIRADS V and high shear wave elastography ratio (p<0.001). Women with BIRADS V had significantly malignant fine needle aspiration findings of breast (p<0.001) and women with high shear wave elastography ratio were significantly had malignant FNA findings (p<0.001). The cutoff shear wave elastography ratio of 3.75 had good validity results (87% sensitivity, 82.4 % specificity).Conclusions Shear wave elastography is non - invasive reliable diagnostic method facilitating characterization of breast tumor.

العلاقة بين متلازمة الالم الليفي العضلي والبهاق : دراسة مقدمة الى كلية الطب - جامعة بغداد - قسم الامراض الباطنية == Relationship Between Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Vitiligo

اسم المؤلف: علا سفير خضير
اسم المشرف: عمار فيصل حميد
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common, chronic, and highly disabling syndrome characterized with chronic widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders. Vitiligo is an acquired pigment disorder which causes disfigurement to skin and negative effect on quality of life (QOL) for patients. There is no previous study on relationship between FMS and vitiligo.Objective : To assess relationship between FMS and vitiligo in a sample of Iraqi patients and to evaluate the predictors of this relationship if present.Patients and methods : A case controlled study involved 100 Iraqi patients with vitiligo and 200 healthy individuals matched for age and sex as a control group. The 2012 Canadian Guidelines criteria were used for the diagnosis of FMS and applied to all Vitiligo patients and controls included in the study. Baseline characteristics of patients with vitiligo and controls were recorded in form of : age, sex, employment condition, and marital status. Body mass index (BMI) was measured for both groups. Patients with vitiligo were fully assessed for : type, duration, severity of disease and medications used.Results : Prevalence of FMS in a sample of Iraqi patients with vitiligo was12% compared to 7% in controls (p=0.15, OR=1.81,95% CI=0.8 - 4.08). FMS symptoms in vitiligo patients were : fatigue 46%, diffuse body pain 34%, sleep disturbance 33%, cognitive dysfunction in 30%, mood disorders 23%, and visceral symptoms : central nervous system (CNS) 52%, skin 35%, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 32%, cardiovascular system - respiratory system (CVS - RS) 16%, genitourinary tract(GUT) 8%, and ear nose throat (ENT) 7%).There was significant association between the FMS in vitiligo patients and : females with vitiligo 22.2% compared to none among males with vitiligo 0% (P

الخصائص الوبائيه للحروق في مستشفى بغداد للحروق, بغداد, العراق 2015 == Epidemiological Characteristics of BurnInjuries in Baghdad Burn Hospital,Baghdad, Iraq, 2015

اسم المؤلف: رنا خالد الناصر
اسم المشرف: فارس حسن اللامي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الوبائيات التطبيقية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Burns are a global public health problem, accounting for an estimated 265,000 deaths annually, in 2013 fire and heat resulted in 35 million injuries. This resulted in about 2.9 million hospitalizations and 238,000 deaths. This makes it the 4th leading cause of injuries after motor vehicle collisions, falls, and violence. About 90% of burns occur in the developing world. This has been attributed partly to overcrowding and an unsafe cooking situation. Iraq burn injuries are the second cause for visiting emergency room after gun fire according to World Health Organization (WHO) Injury Surveillance Pilot Project, Iraq, 2008.Objectives : To describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics, estimate the case fatality rate and identify the main determinants of death among burn cases in Baghdad Burn hospital, Baghdad, Iraq during 2015.Patients and Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted in Baghdad Burn Hospital. The study population was all the burn cases that were admitted to these hospitals during 2015. The files of the patients were obtained from the statistics department in the hospital. All burn patients with different types and degrees of burn injuries who were admitted to this hospital during 2015 were included in the study. Patients with minor superficial burns treated in the emergency department as out patients and cases that admitted for surgical treatment of old scars were excluded.Data was collected using a form included demographic data, etiology, burn type, anatomical location and percentage of body surface area burned, operating procedures and outcome were recorded.Results : This study involved 676 patients, 32.90% of them were females. 26.62% patients were below 10 years of age. Two thirds had less than 20% of body surface area burns (66.42%) and only 9.46% had more than 50% body surface area burns.Flame burns were the commonest (71.59%) followed by scalds (23.37%) and electrical 2.52%. Scalds were common in children. About 76.33% of patients improved 8.28% left on their responsibility and 2.07% shifted to other hospitals. Case fatality rate was 13.30%, Mortality was 44.4% with sepsis as the leading cause, multiple organ failure, and shock were other causes of mortality.Conclusions : Burns injury is a major public health concern and is associated with high mortality. Flame, scald and electrical burns are commonly a result of domestic and occupation accidents and are preventable. Strict follow up to the infection control guideline can minimize the high case fatality rate.

انتشار اكتناف العين لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين البالغين المصابين بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد == Prevalence of Ocular Involvement in a Sample of Iraqi Adult Patients With Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome

اسم المؤلف: ايناس عدنان مجيد
اسم المشرف: محمد هادي العصامي | نجاح كاظم القريشي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: خلفية البحث : تعرف متلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد بانها اضطراب النسيج الضام الوراثي الذي يتميز بالام عضليه هيكليه ونطاق المرونه المفرطه في المفاصل , الكثير من مظاهر العين موجوده عند مرضى متلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد بعضها مشهورة الترابط مع المرض والاخرى مخبر عنها في تقارير حاله .الهدف : تقييم انتشار وخصائص اكتناف العين لدى عينة من المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد .المرضى والطرائق : شملت الدراسة ( 300) فرد في الدراسه المقطعيه , )100( مريض بمتلازمه فرط المرونه و)200 (من الافراد الاصحاء وهم مطابقين في العمر والجنس للمجموعه التي اخذت كمجموعه تحكم .خضع كل المرضى للفحوصات العينيه والتي تضمنت تقييم حده البصر مع مخطط سنيل , فحص القطعه الاماميه والخلفيه للعين مع مصباح سلت , فحص شيرمر , صبغه الفلورسين القرنيه وتقدير ضغط داخل العين مع مقياس توتر العين بالنفث الهوائي . تم استبعاد المرضى اللذين لديهم رضح سابق في العين اوالمرضى المصابين بفرط ضغط الدم وداء السكري او تراكب مع امراض الانسجة الضامة الاخرى او التهاب المفصل الالتهابي . جمعت بيانات المرضى الديموغرافية والسريرية بما في ذلك العمر والجنس ومعيار كتلة الجسم ,مده الاعراض , بيانات مرتبطه بمظاهر المرض الريئسيه وميزات اخرى مرتبطه بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد . تم قياس تقدير مرونه المفاصل بالنسبه الى طريقه درجه بايتون لكل المشتركين في الدراسه .النتائج : من مجموع 100 مريضا مصابا بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد ممن التحقوا في هذه الدراسه . تم تحديد انتشار الاخطاء الانكسارية في (%78 (, وحسر)قصر البصر(في (49%) ثم لابوريه (20%) وطول البصرفي (9%) منهم.وجدت المظاهر العينيه الاخرى المحدده جفاف العين في (15%) , بينما التهاب الجفن الامامي والخلفي في (%5) و(4%)من المرضى على التوالي .شخصت متلازمه الصباغ التشتتي في (3 %) واخر المظاهر العينيه المحدده ساد في (2%) من مرضى متلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد .ان كل النتائج السابقه ذات دلاله احصائيه ماعدا ساد حيث لم تصل الى حد الدلاله الاحصائيه .لايوجد رابط معتد بين العمر , الجنس , نوع المفصل الاكثر شيوعا ودرجه المفصل في حرز بايتون مع زياده خطر المظاهر العينيه . الاستنتاجات : مظاهر العين في عينة المرضى العراقيين المصابين بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد شائعه نسبيا. ان اكتشافات العين المتعلقة بمتلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد الاكثر شيوعا هي حسر البصر ثم لابوريه ثم طول البصر .لقد كان جفاف العين , التهاب الجفن الامامي والخلفي ومتلازمه الاصباغ التشتتي وساد قليله الحدوث في متلازمه فرط مرونه المفاصل الحميد . | Background : Benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder, characterized by musculoskeletal pain and an excessive range of motion in joints . Many ocular manifestations of BJHS have been described, some being well - known associations and others reported for the first time in case reports .Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence andcharacteristics of ocular involvement in a sample of Iraqi patients with BJHS. Patients and methods : A total of 300 individuals were included in this cross sectional study, 100 patients had benign hypermobility syndrome and another 200 healthy individuals matched in age and sex were taken as a control group.All patients undergone for opthalmological examination involved visual acuity assessment with Snellen chart, examination of anterior and posterior eye segments with the slit lamp, Schirmer test and corneal fluorescein staining and assessment of intraocular pressure with air puff tonometer.Patients had history of previous eye trauma, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and overlap with other connective tissue diseases or inflammatory arthritis were excluded. Demographics and clinical data were collected including age, sex, BMI duration of symptom, data related to main disease manifestations and other related features to BJHS. The assessment of joint mobility was measured according to Beighton score method for all the participants in the study.Results : A total of 100 patients with (BJHS) enrolled in this study. Prevalence of refractive errors detected in 78% patients, myopia was detected in (49%), followed by astigmatism (20%) and hypermetropia (9% ) .The other identified ocular manifestation was dry eye (15%), While anterior & posterior blepharitis (5% and 4%) respectively. Pigment dispersion syndrome diagnosed in (3%) of patients and The last identified ocular manifestation was cataract which detected in about (2%) of BJHS patients.All previous findings were statistically significant except cataract not reach to statistically significant level. There were no significant correlation between age group, gender, type of common joint involved or degree of beighton score with increase risk of ocular manifestations .Conclusions : Ocular manifestations in a sample of Iraqi patients with BJHS were relatively common. The most common BJHS - related ocular findings were Myopia followed by, Astigmatism and hypermetropia. Dry eye symptoms, anterior and posterior blepharitis, pigment dispersion syndrome and cataract are rare in patients with BJHS.

تاثير الارتجاع العضوي المزمن للصمام الاكليلي على وظيفة البطيي الايمن الانبساطية باستخدام دوبلر صدى القلب في عدة مراكز للقلب في بغداد == Impact of chronic organic mitral regurgitation on Right Ventricular Diastolic Function using Doppler echocardiographic study in Multi Cardiac Center in Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: عطاء خليل طه
اسم المشرف: غازي فرحان حاجي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : To date, little is known regarding the effect of left ventricular volume overload on right ventricular diastolic function. We hypothesized that patients with chronic organic mitral regurgitation and preserved left ventricular systolic function might have subclinical right ventricular dysfunction, and related to pulmonary artery systolic pressure.Objective : To study the effect of left ventricular volume overload on right ventricular diastolic function by Doppler echocardiography in patients with chronic organic compensated mitral regurgitation.Patients and methods : A cross - sectional study held in multi cardiac center in Baghdad. From April 2015 to June 2016. Patients categorized in to two groups; Thirty - one were without pulmonary hypertension (group I, mean age 32±7.1 years) and thirty of patients were with pulmonary hypertension (group II, mean age 36.1±5.7years). All of them compared with sixty - one healthy individuals serving as a control group (group III, mean age 32.1±6.6 years). Transthoracic echocardiography (multiple views) M - mode, Two - dimensional and Doppler were done for all groups of study.Results : Conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular diastolic function revealed impairment in up to 44.3% of patients, (19.4% in group I vs 70% in group II, P<0.001). Patients had lower right ventricular E - wave velocity, lower E/A ratio, and prolonged right ventricular isovolumic relaxation time compared to control. Tissue Doppler analysis showed lower E', and lower E'/A' ratio. All changes were statistically significant at P < 0.001). Patients with pulmonary hypertension were older with higher E/E' ratio in comparison to the other two groups (5.79±1.75 in group II vs 3.91±0.41, 4.08±0.93 in group III and I, respectively, P <0.001).

التدخين بين الكوادر الطبية والصحية في مستشفيات بغداد 2016 == Smoking among Health Care Workers in Baghdad Hospitals, 2016

اسم المؤلف: ولاء طالب یوسف
اسم المشرف: ايمان عدنان القصير
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الوبائيات التطبيقية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, shisha or argela and cigars. Smoking causes diminished overall health, increased absenteeism from work, and increased health care utilization and cost. Quitting smoking lowers the risk for smoking - related diseases and can add years to life. The global tobacco epidemic is predicted to kill 10million people annually over the next 20 to 30 years (mainly in developing countries). Health Workers have potential role in preventing smoking among patients as they are health educators and counselors for quitting smoking.Objectives : To determine smoking prevalence among Health Care Workers and to study HCWs knowledge and attitudes toward tobacco smoking during work.Methods : A cross sectional study was conducted on three general hospitals in Baghdad Al Karkh side that were chosen randomly and all Health Care Workers that agree to participate during time of visit to their hospitals were included in the study and they were 448; from end of June to end of August 2016; data collected through self - filled questionnaire then data was entered and analyzed by excel sheet and SPSS software. Results : Mean of age of participants was 35.6±10 years; the prevalence of current smoker was 12.5%; most of particip ates were aware about smoking complications (92%); most of participates expressed positive attitudes towards smoking control irrespective of their own smoking status; about 90% of participates were bothered from Second Hand Smoking; the mean of cigarette smoking was 20±12 cigarettes per day; the mean of 1st age for starting smoking was 21±8 years & the mean of period of smoking was 13.7±8 years. About 39% of smokers had signs of nicotine addiction.Conclusion : The prevalence of smoking was relatively low; males were significantly more prone to smoke (96%) compared to females; there was no significant association between smoking and profession; females were significantly bother from Second Hand Smoking; smokers that get sickness from smoking were more prone to stop smoking and there was significant association between periods of smoking with nicotine addiction.Recommendations : Activation of penalty fines on smoking during work or induce Official penalty & Provision of special places for smoking in work places.

قيمة السلالة الطولية مقابل تصوير الاوعية التاجية في الكشف عن مرض الشريان التاجي == The Value of Longitudinal Strain versus Coronary Angiography in Detection of Coronary Artery Disease

اسم المؤلف: حسان نوري محمود
اسم المشرف: معتز فوزي حسين
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Introduction : Coronary artery disease is characterized by atherosclerosis in the epicardial coronary arteries. The reduction in coronary artery flow may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, occurs with exertion or at rest, and culminate in a myocardial infarction or angina, depending on obstruction severity and the rapidity of development. Speckle - tracking echocardiography is a new noninvasive ultrasound imaging technique that allows for an objective and quantitative evaluation of global and regional myocardial function independently from the angle of insonation and from cardiac translational movements.Aim of the study : to assess the value of longitudinal strain versus coronary angiography in detection of coronary artery disease Patients and method : A cross sectional study was conducted in Ibn - Albitar hospital during the period between March 2015 and March 2016 and a sample of 72 patients was selected with positive coronary angiography. Results : The mean age of patients was 56.4 ± 10.1 years; furthermore, 73.6% of the patients aged more than 50 years. About half of the patients, (51.4%) were smokers, (73.6%) were diabetic, (33.3%) were hypertensive and (58.3%) had hyperlipidemia. the findings of 2D LV Longitudinal strain - speckle tracking, positive LADA (left anterior descending artery) stenosis was reported in (86.1%), the CX artery stenosis reported in (76.4%) and the RCA stenosis was found in (84.7%) of the patients. for the stenosis in LADA, the current study showed that the longitudinal strain was a good predictor with a sensitivity of (93.8%), specificity (75%) and accuracy (91.7%) compared with coronary angiography, with good performance of the test between tests, good predictive value and accuracy of the test.The longitudinal strain showed that there was a good performance in detection of stenosis in CXA with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The performance and validity of 2D LV longitudinal strain in detection of RCA stenosis in comparison with angiography, it had a sensitivity of (93.5%), specificity of (70.0%) and accuracy of (90.3%).Conclusion : The current study revealed that the Speckle - tracking echocardiography technique has a good performance and validity in detection of coronary artery stenosis with very good agreement with angiography.

عوامل الخطورة وتصنيــف اورام الرحــم وتدريجاتـه == Risk factors and histopathological types of uterine cancer 2016

اسم المؤلف: رشا زكــــي شكــــــر
اسم المشرف: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: سرطان الرحم نسبيا يعتبر من الاورام الشائعه بين النساء حيث انه ياتي في المرتبه الرابعه بين الاورام الخبيثه التي تصيب النساء خاصة النوع الشبيه ببطانة الرحم.ان التصنيف حسب التشريح النسيجي المرضي ومرحلة الورم وعوامل الخطوره للمرض لم يتم تقييمها بصوره جيده في النساء العراقيات من اللواتي اصبن بهذا المرض.الغرض من الدراسةان الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو لمعرفة نوع الورم حسب التشريح النسيجي المرضي ومرحلة المرض عند تشخيص المرض وعوامل الخطوره للمرض بين المريضات العراقيات المرضى وطرق البحثتشمل هذه الدراسة خمسه واربعون مريضة مصابة بسرطان الرحم من مراجعات مستشفى الاورام التعليمي في مدينة الطب في بغداد للفترة من شهر كانون الثاني لغاية شهر نيسان 2016.لقد تم جمع المعلومات الضروريه من خلال الاستبيان المعد مسبقا من قبل فريق البحث وقد تم جمع المعلومات المطلوبه من فايلات المرضى المراجعين لمستشفى الاورام التعليمي في مدينة الطبالنتائجفي هذه الدراسة كانت 77.8% مريضة بعمر اكثر من 50 سنة ,86.7% من المريضات كان لديهن تاريخ احاظه مبكره,86.7% من المريضات كن في مرحلة سن الياس.كانت هناك نسبه قليله من المريضات ممن كان لدين تاريخ دوائي باستخدام الهورمونات او عدم الانجاب او وجود تاريخ مرضي للمرض في العائله وان نسبة 51% كن في المرحله الاولى من المرض اثناء تشخيص المرض ابتدائيا | Uterine cancer is relatively common; it’s the fourth most common malignancy in women. Histopathological types, staging and risk factors for uterine cancer are not yet well evaluated in Iraqi patients with uterine malignancy.Aim of study : - To classify uterine carcinoma patients according to histopathological type, risk factors and stageing.Patients and method : Cross - sectional study was conducted for 45 patients in Oncology Teaching Hospital, Medical city, Baghdad, Iraq between Jan.1st - April 1st2016. The data were collected from the medical records of patients with uterine cancer who’s attending to the hospital for completion of treatment through questionnaire which was developed by research team.Results : - The results of this current study on total of 45 patients showed that 77.8% 35 patients were older than 50 years, 86.7% 39 patients with history of early menarche, 86.7% 39 patients were in post - menopause phase, 33.3% of patients had history of hormonal therapy, infertility and family history of the disease. Endometrioid and Papillary serous types represented the highest percentage (42.2%, 28.9%) respectively. Highest percentages (51%) of patients were in stage one at the time of diagnosis.Recommendation : - - Further studies on uterine tumor. - Early detection programs should be activated. - Close follow up on patients from Stage 1. - Awareness programs on risk factors should be activated. - Patients educational sessions should be conducted regularly in the Hospitals.

معالجة اورام الدماغ في العراق 2016 == Management of brain Tumors in Iraq 2016

اسم المؤلف: هدير رياض سعيد
اسم المشرف: خضير جاسم صبيح الرواق
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الاشعة العلاجية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: CNS tumors constitute 2% of all cancers, and are observed in 4 - 5 in 100,000. CNS tumors exhibit different behaviors according to age, histology, and location.Aim of study1 - Detect the rate of incidence of CNS tumors in relation to age, sex, geographical distribution, environmental factors & genetic factors in our country2 - Explaining of the associated clinical features3 - Determine the effect of radiotherapy & chemotherapy on the patient’s outcome.Patients and methodsProspective study of CNS tumors started from the beginning of Jan 2016 to the end of Apr 2016. The patients were taken from the outpatient clinic of Oncology Teaching Hospital / Medical City in BaghdadAll patients (47) underwent surgery and the surgeons then sent them to our out patients clinic with their Histopathological reports seeking for further management.(42) Patients received Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy while the remaining (5) patients didn’t followed up after surgery because they didn’t attend to our out patients clinic according to their dates.The outcome of management was divided into : Good outcome, Fair outcome and Poor outcome.ResultsThe 5th decade is the most commonly involved age with male incidence more than females and the incidence is higher in the south of Iraq. There is little IIassociation of CNS tumors with family history and high association with environmental factors. Neurological deficit was the main chief compliant and headache was present in most of the patients at time of diagnosis. Frontal region was the commonest site for CNS tumors with size of 1 - 5cm and mostly associated with edema and +ve enhancement. Meningioma was the commonest histological type.Conclusions1 - There is a poor relationship between family history & CNS tumors2 - There is significant relationship between environmental factors & CNS tumors.3 - Headache is not the dominant chief compliant in compare with neurological deficit .4 - Total resection of the tumor followed by radio and/or chemotherapy has the best prognosis.Recommendations1 - Further researches with larger sample size to be collected from all oncology hospitals in Iraq are needed to generalize the results to national level .2 - Make the total resection of the brain tumor the aim of the surgeon because it is the golden stone in brain tumor management.3 - Use the new technique of radiotherapy like gamma knife and IMRT for the

التقييم الكهروفسلجي للانواع الفرعيه لمتلازمة غوليان - باريه لشريحه من الاطفال العراقيين == ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF GUILLAIN - BARRE SUBTYPES IN A SAMPLE OF IRAQI CHILDREN

اسم المؤلف: لميس منصور حسين
اسم المشرف: نجيب حسن محمد
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الفسلجة العصبية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Guillain - Barre syndrome represents the most common cause of acute motor paralysis in children. It is clinically characterized by an acute non - febrile, post - infectious illness marked as ascending weakness, and areflexia. However; sensory, autonomic and brainstem abnormalities may also be seen.This study aimed to assess the role of electrophysiological study (NCS and EMG) in the diagnosis of Guillain - Barre syndrome subtypes in children, estimate the frequency of subtypes whether demyelinating or axonal form of Guillain - Barre syndrome and match the electrophysiological results with the findings of CSF protein analysis.Two groups of either sex are involved in this study, children with Guillain - Barre (19 males and 11 females) with a mean age of (5 ± 2) years and normal healthy children served as control group (16 males and 14 females) matched for gender and age with a mean age of (6 ± 3) years. Each child submitted to medical history, brief clinical examination, and electrophysiological study. This study was performed at the unit of neurophysiology of Baghdad teaching hospital and Nursing house hospital in a period from December/2015 to June/2016.The electrophysiological assessments involve the following tests : 1 - Sensory NCS for bilateral median, right ulnar and bilateral medial plantar nerves in which latency, sensory nerve action potential amplitude (SNAP) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) were studied.2 - Motor NCS for bilateral median, right ulnar and bilateral common peroneal nerves (fibular nerve) in which, distal motor latency (DML),compound muscle action potential amplitude (CMAP), motor nerve onduction velocity (MNCV), conduction block and temporal dispersio were performed.3 - Minimal F - wave latency for bilateral median, right ulnar and bilateral fibular nerves.4 - H - reflex latency of bilateral tibial nerve.5 - Needle EMG for bilateral proximal and distal muscles of upper (first dorsal interosseous) and lower limbs (tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum brevis) in which insertional activity, spontaneous activity, motor unit action potential MUAP and interference pattern were applied.The results of this study revealed that acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) is the most frequent subtype followed by acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) respectively. Children with an age (3 - 6) years among other age groups are more vulnerable to develop GBS following infection in the preceding 3 months.The sensory nerve parameters (sensory latency is prolonged, SNAP is reduced and SNCV is slowed) are significantly changed between GBS children and control groups.The motor nerve parameters (DML is prolonged, CMAP is reduced and MNCV is slowed) are significantly changed between GBS children and control groups. Moreover among the GBS subtypes, there were significant differences in which the prolonged (DML) mostly in AIDP subtype, while the reduced (CMAP) mostly in axonal subtype was reported.Concerning minimal F - wave, it was absent in lower limbs more than upper limbs (46.6% and 26.6% respectively). Whereas H - reflex was absent in (73.3%) of children.Needle EMG had showed reduced recruitment in all GBS subtypes in addition to the evidence of spontaneous activity particularly in axonal subtype.In conclusion, this study detected that the AIDP was the most frequent subtype of GBS compared to others. Motor nerve conduction study is more useful than sensory nerve conduction study in GBS subtyping.Additionally Late responses (minimal F - wave and H - reflex) are very informative in the early course of the disease since they reflect the involvement of proximal nerve segment, which is more vulnerable to demyelination than terminal and intermediate nerve trunk segments, in addition CSF protein analysis showed no significant differences between GBS subtypes.

تاثيرات الامراض المتزامنة على فاعلية المرض والحالة الوظيفية للمرضى المصابين بالتهاب الفقار المقسط == Comorbidities Effects on Disease Activity and Functional Status in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

اسم المؤلف: غسان مكي كاظم
اسم المشرف: نزار عبد اللطيف جاسم
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic, multisystem inflammatory disorder that primarily involving the sacroiliac joints and the axial skeleton and less frequently the peripheral joints, entheses as well as other extra - articular organs such as eyes, skin, and cardiovascular system.Patients with ankylosing spondylitis frequently suffer from comorbidities that may either be linked to the disease process, to the treatment, or may be an independent finding and they contribute to the burden of the disease.Objective : To evaluate the relative frequency of comorbidities in ankylosing spondylitis and their effects on disease activity and functional status. Patients and methods : A longitudinal study was conducted on (402) ankylosing spondylitis patients. Patients who had irregular registration were excluded.Demographic and clinical data were collected including age, sex, duration of disease, previous and current treatment, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index score (BASDAI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index score (BASFI) were applied to all patients. All patients were asked to confirm the presence of any of five comorbidities which were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer, heart failure and cerebrovascular accident, then presence of many of these comorbidities were confirmed by data from patient’s medical reports or physician prescriptions.Results : The most frequently reported comorbidity in the current study sample was hypertension(20.1%), Peptic ulcer is (17.2%), diabetes mellitus is (9.5%), heart failure and cerebrovascularVIaccident were very rare, accounting both for (2%) of all cases. At least one of these comorbidconditions was present in (30.6%) of cases.Presence of hypertension was associated with significant increase in BASDAI and BASFI at baseline. Additionally it was found that presence of any comorbid condition or multiple comorbidities was associated with higher mean BASDAI and BASFI. Presence of the remaining comorbidities had no significant differences.Hypertension is associated with a significantly higher mean reduction in BASDAI score after six months of biological treatment compared to those with no hypertension. Similarly the presence of any comorbid condition or multiple comorbid conditions are associated with significant mean reduction in BASDAI score after six months, The remaining comorbid conditions had no significant association with the mean change in BASDAI score.None of the tested comorbid conditions had an important or statistically significant association with the mean change in BASFI score after six months. Conclusions : Comorbidities are relatively frequent in ankylosing spondylitis and hypertension is the most common comorbid condition. Multiple comorbid conditions or hypertension with ankylosing spondylitis are associated with more active disease and functional impairment.

دراسة فاعلية وسلامة التغييرات المختبرية ومعلمات التنبؤ للاستجابة لعقار الاداليموماب في علاج المرضى المصابين بالتهاب الفقار المقسط النشط == Efficacy, Safety of Laboratory Changes and Predictors of Response to Adalimumab in Treatment of Patients with Active Ankylosing Spondylitis

اسم المؤلف: ليث محمود شاكر
اسم المشرف: خضير زغير معيوف البدري
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الامراض - المفاصل
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Ankylosing Spondylitis belongs to a family of rheumatic diseases known as spondyloarthritides that characteristically cause spinal joint inflammation and bony fusion of the spine. Ankylosing spondylitis is the prototype of the Spondyloarthritides and is typified by ankylosis of the axial skeleton.There is no cure for ankylosing spondylitis, although treatments and medications are available to reduce joints pain and stiffness with subsequent improvement in quality of life.Adalimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody of the Immunoglobulin G1isotype that neutralizes the biological function of tumor necrosis factor - α, has been used as effective treatment in ankylosing spondylitis in the last years.Objective : To assess the efficacy and safety of laboratory changes of Adalimumab in treatment of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis, as well as to assess the predictors of response to Adalimumab in treatment of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis.Patients and methods : An open labeled single group prospective study that was conducted over 17 months period on 61 Iraqi patients with ankylosing spondylitis diagnosed according to Modified New York criteria (1984) for diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis and ASAS classification criteria for axial SpA .All the patients included in the study were given Adalimumab vial at a dose of 40 mg by subcutaneous injection every other week. Each patient was followed at regular intervals of baseline, 3 months and 6 months for disease activity including Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and functional assessment including Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index and for laboratory changes in hemoglobin, white blood cell count, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea and serum creatinine . In addition, the study assessed eight different patients’ characteristics : age, gender, disease duration, human leukocyte antigensubtype B27, smoking, using steroids, using disease - modifying antirheumatic drugs (methotrexate, sulfasalazine), and drug history of using of other biological drugs (Etanercept, Infliximab) as predictors of response to Adalimumab treatment.Results : Data analysis showed that Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index 50% response rate was 59% after three month of treatment and reached to 85.6% after six months of treatment, the analysis also showed that the age and a positive history of using other biologic agents as apart from ( gender, disease duration, human leukocyte antigensubtype B27, smoking status , using steroids, and disease - modifying anti rheumatic drugs ) had a statistically significant association with reduced response to treatment, for each one year increase in age, the risk of being a respondent is decreased by 4% (P=0.026), and a positive history of using biologic agents is associated with decrease in the risk of being a respondent by 2.5 times (P=0.016) , all the variables were statistically significant effect on treatment and were evaluated as a strong effect (Cohen’s d>0.8). In Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index ≥5 group, data analysis showed that their is statistically significant reduction by a mean of 2 units after three months of treatment and reached to a mean of 2.5 units after six months of treatment, the data analysis showed that increase age and a positive human leukocyte antigen - subtype B27 had a statistically significant association with reduced response to treatment, all the variables were statistically significant effects on treatment and were evaluated as a strong effect (Cohen’s d>0.8).In Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index ˂5 group, data analysis showed that their is statistically insignificant reduction in the score of by a mean of 0.5 units after three months, and 0.6 units after six months of treatment, all the variables were statistically insignificant effects on treatment and were evaluated as a weak to moderate effect.The treatment effect of Adalimumab was evaluated as a moderately strong reduction in white blood cell count (Cohen’s d=0.43). While treatment effect on (hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea and serum creatinine) was evaluated as week effects (Cohen’s d<0.3).Conclusion : Adalimumab drug is effective and relatively safe in treatment of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis. Increase in age, positive history of using of other biological drugs (Etanercept, Infliximab) and positive human leukocyte antigen - subtype B27 had significant correlation with reduced response to treatment.

جدوى قياس سرعة الانتشار في الشريان الابهر النازل كمعيار تنبؤي لامراض الشرايين التاجيه في اثنين من مراكز القلب في بغداد == The Value of Measuring Propagation Velocity Of The Descending Aorta as Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease in Two Cardiac Centers in Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: دنيا حامد كاظم
اسم المشرف: امال نوري المراياتي
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: صدى القلب
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Background : Elastic properties of the aorta affect the left ventricular function and epicardial arteries blood flow. Thats why several parameters are used to assess those properties in order to predict the likelihood of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Those parameters include aortic strain, aortic distensibility and early diastolic velocity of the anterior aortic wall.Objectives : Testing the value of aortic propagation velocity as a parameter of aortic stiffness in predicting coronary artery disease. The strength of this parameter in predicting the number of affected coronary arteries is also assessed.st of August 2015 to the 1 st Study population and methodology : From the 1 of July 2016, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 120 patients were included in this comparative multi - center study. They were assessed for demographic criteria and risk factor profiles. Trans thoracic echocardiographic examination was done, all the needed measurements were obtained as well as measuring the carotid intima media thickness by Doppler, then the results of their coronary angiography were revised, 60 patients were included in the coronary artery disease group and another 60 in the non - coronary artery disease group.Results : Aortic propagation velocity was found to be related to the aortic distensibility, strain, early diastolic anterior aortic wall velocity and the overall carotid intima media thickness to a statistically significant level (r=+0.481, p<0.001; r=+0.548, p<0.001; r=+0.595, p<0.001; r= - 0.361, p<o.oo1 respectively). It was found that aortic propagation velocity predicts coronary artery disease (p<0.001) and correlates with the number of affected coronary arteries (r= - 0.711, p<0.001).Conclusion : Aortic propagation velocity is an easily applied echocardiographic parameter of aortic stiffness that can predict coronary artery disease caused by vascular atherosclerosis in a non - invasive way. It also correlates with the number of the affected coronary arteries.

معرفة ومواقف النساء الحوامل حول طرق الولادة == Knowledge and Attitudes of Pregnant Women towards mode of Delivery In Baghdad Teaching Hospital - 2016

اسم المؤلف: هند عامر ناهي الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: نادية عزيز ناصر
الموضوع العام: الطب
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: طب العائلة
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Delivery is one of the most important issues for human being and generation in the world. The process through which childbirth naturally occurs is called natural vaginal delivery. Caesarean is delivery of child through incisions in abdominal wall (Laparotomy) or uterus (Histrotomy).Aim of the study : To assess the knowledge, attitude of pregnant women and the associated factors with attitude towards the mode of delivery.Patients and method : A cross sectional study conducted in prenatal clinic in Baghdad teaching hospital for four months duration from the 1st of Feb. 2016 to the end of the May 2016.Results : A total of 300 pregnant women were included in present study with mean age as 28.3±9.8 years; Most of studied women were housewives. More than half of pregnant women (54.3%) married at younger age. The information of pregnant women about delivery modes were obtained mainly from social relationships (82.6). Half of pregnant women had good knowledge of delivery modes, 90.3% of them had good attitude toward normal vaginal delivery, 51.3% of them had poor attitude toward cesarean section .A significant association was observed between older age women and poor knowledge of them regarding delivery modes (p=0.01). There was a significant association between employed women and good knowledge score.Conclusion : The knowledge of pregnant women regarding vaginal delivery was relatively low and the attitude was high, while their attitude toward cesarean section was low. The main associated factors for women's knowledge were women's age, job, educational level, husband's age and abortion history and the main factors for women's attitude were women's age, educational level of women and their husbands and history of previous cesarean section.
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