عرض: 25 50 75 100 النتائج

نتائج البحث: 25 من أصل 4,123

امنة الصدر (بنت الهدى) 1937 - 1980م : دراسة تاريخية == Amina Alsadir (Bnt Alhuda) 1937 - 1980 (Historical Study)

اسم المؤلف: ريام احمد عبد الزبيدي
اسم المشرف: كريم مراد عاتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study of historical personality consider as one of the significant studies as to its relation to historical events , especially if these personalities experienced unannounced rule , in another hand what add importance to these historical personality that is not limited to men only but also women have widespread rule and that push the researcher to choose these personality in particular as she played a significant rule directly related with modern Islamic movement , nearly a little academic studies have mentioned a feminine personality which strongly attached to historical events in particular those whose practice their deeds secretly and haven’t clearly announced ,accordingly the researcher through this study seeks to spot the light on the social , educational and political rule of woman rule through the study of feminine personality as model of Iraqi woman (Amina Haider Al Sader) whose acted a significant rule on the social , educational and political level. According to the duration of the study is limited with a period (1937 - 1980 a.m) represented by the subject of study which is her personal life that involves on many topics associated with the different suggestions , thoughts and visions of the personality whereas the study includes a discussion for some suggestions and thoughts that associated with woman and the modern Islamic visions toward her also discuss the literature works of Amina Al - Sadir that indirectly oriented toward woman whereas she suggested some problems that face woman in the social life and she also suggested some suitable solutions for them through the principles of Islamic law which rise the woman state, some of these thoughts presented by literature stories. The study include the educational and social rule of Amina Alsadir that presented through many educational and social platforms represented by her supervisions on non - government girl schools in addition to make many awareness conferees by which many of her Islamic visions has been suggested. The study also contain the political activity of Amin Al - Sadir that acted by various periods of her life that consider as completion of her social activity and important part of it, in addition to her directed conflict with political regime until her martyrdom. Through study of this personality the research conclude many finding , the most important are Amina Al - Sadir act one part of modern Islamic movement through her relationship with her brother Mohammed Baqir Al - Sadir, in addition to suggested thoughts and visions that suggested by Amina represented as a link between the modern reality and Islamic principles in a direct way, Amina was so far from of being rigorist to reach her restricted theory to woman to make her feel her state in the society and prepare her in socially and educationally so she can educate a generation whose have aim and restricted destination whereas Amina endeavored the educational base of woman strong to practice her rule in society in a completed way and can stand against to anti - Islamic theories firmly and strongly and in order to achieve this ,Amina started her preparation of woman by identify the importance of her state in Islam and society to support her confidence consequently to prepare awareness generation of women
الملخص:
المصادر:

الاسر الفارسية واثرها الفكري على الحضارة الاسلامية في العصور العباسية 132 - 656هـ/ 750 - 1258م == Persian Familes And Intell Ellectual Impact Boil Islamic Civilization In Abbasid Times (123 - 656 H.D/750 - 1258 A.D)

اسم المؤلف: رؤى رعد علي السامرائي
اسم المشرف: بهجة علي محمد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: We reviewed our tagged (Persian Families intellectual impact on Islamic civilization in Abbasid times (123 - 656 h/750 - 1258 A.d) cultural links that existed between arabs and Persians that were the cause of intellectual exchanges amongciuilization and study contains preliminary to the era in which the Persian Families lived and how they have evolved Cultural life and its evolution the most important intellectual center that were prevalentin that era and then divided the study into three Chapter of the first Chapter Contains Three detectives First section dealt with geographical of Persia and Persain Families said by al Phabet and al - as Frini Family and al - bayhaqi Family and al - Baramkeh Family and al - Jouini Family and al - roiani Family and al - Sarkhasi Family and the Second Section contains al - Samaani Family and al - Shhami Family and al - Shirazi Family and al - Sabone Family and al - Saedi Family and al - Kiahrasi Family and al - qushayri Family. The Third Section wich Included al - Kraei Family and al - Ikaei Family and al - Monagm Family and al - Mazaki Family and al - Masergsi Family and Naubakht Family and al - Nashi Family and al - Nesabori Family. The Second Chapter has Included the Impact of Intellectual Families Parsianin Science Transport , it is divided in two Sections Contained The First Section The Impact of Persian Families in religious Sciences such as tafsir and Hadith and figh. Either the Second contained Contributions Frome Families in literary Sciences such as Poetry and literature and rhetoric. The Third Chapter of the intellectual impact of Persian Families in mentalscience and ensure that Chapter three detectives. The First Section contains the intellectual of Persian Families in medical Science and mathematic and Chemistry. Tither the Second Section contained Following Persian Families Teach Tricks and astronomy and astrology and science of Translation. The Third Section has included intellectual impact in the Persian Families in the Theology and Science of music and The Science of history, And our studies on this subject have reached several outcomes : 1. There were several factors helped development of intellectual life in Abbasid Baghdad especially being the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate became the place for prosperity of the scientific movement which led to attract large numbers of scholars of Persia, left a clear imprint on the March and the most important of these factors the spread of Islam and evolution of translation movement As well as the political situation that prevailed this time and the emergence of independent principalities and sponsoring science and scientific centres have a major cultural role in the prosperity of the Abbasid era.2. The study highlights the geographical location of Persia as Persia enjoyed an important geographical location which is part of the Islamic Orient and Persia and especially by Europeans of the Islamic Orient.3. He was a Persian families significant impact in stimulating intellectual movement and flourish in the Abbasid times as many households in Persian that long and take care of a lot of science, as it was mostly the encyclopedic scientists who take care of a lot of science in various aspects and worked on creating their own schools scientists teaching these families upon their death bury them.4. The study highlighted the intellectual contributions to Persian families and their impact in Islamic civilization where they excelled in multiple domains without a specific science specialization, we find them excelled in religious sciences such as modern interpretation and jurisprudence, which was the bulk of emergence in which scientists and literary Sciences excelled section of poetry and literature and eloquence and another excelled at mental science such as medicine, engineering and tricks, chemistry and other sciences.5. She held the religious sciences ample space for scholars of Persian families and large numbers of them emerged in tafsir and Fiqh and science of greater numbers in modern science and who were most active people seeking knowledge.6. As the study highlighted literary contributions to Persian families, don't overlook that large numbers of Persian families had an important impact in the poetic side, wrote poems and poetry and were among the poets and authors.7. Persian families contributed in mathematics, chemistry and science of scams and wrote many books on Science.8. As the study showed Persian families contributions in astronomy and astrology and popped in this whole science naubakht mine beds baramkeh.9. Scholars of Persian families contributed to traffic and translation and fixed bases in translation and some of them had a material and moral assistance for translators as a family they give me gifts; who mine baramkeh funds on scientis.10. Popped mine family family family Jouini alnobkht in theology and the whole family was prominent in most naubakht this flag.11. The entire family contributed to the mine and baramkeh musicology and wrote much literature on this flag.12. Nishaburi family contributed to the science of history and put several workbooks what our history book Nishapur to father Abdullah nishaburi which count of historical books on the history and mission of Nishapur
الملخص:
المصادر:

مصالي الحاج ودوره السياسي في الجزائر حتى عام 1974م == Messali Al Hadj And His Political Role In Algeria Until 1974

اسم المؤلف: رنده زيدان خليف رشيد النعيمي
اسم المشرف: يحيى كاظم حمود المعموري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بابل
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Algeria, which is one of the Arab Maghreb countries, was under French occupation in 1830 after forcing Ottoman occupation out, to become its replacement. National figures, such as Messali Hadj (1898 - 1974), worked hard to establish fronts, groupings, and blocs to challenge the new occupation which tried to Frenchify Algeria. Algerian historians disagreed about this figure, where some of them considered him as obedient to French occupation and accused him of treason while others considered him as a nationalist who struggled through following peaceful methods and international channels to submit the Algerian problem in order to stop or reduce bloodshed. Therefore, this difference about Messali Hadj resulted in different political situations which led to this confusion in general considerations about this figure. In this study, we put the lights on the character of Messali Hadj and we found that he was one of the nationalists who tried to convey his thoughts to get occupation out of the country without using armed force and by peaceful methods. Eventually, he convinced that it is necessary to use force. As a result of existing conflicts between those who stood up to liberate Algeria, he retired from political action, and yet he didn’t participate in the revolution of 1954 which granted Algeria full independence. Through examining the course of events, we found that the results reached by the researcher are : 1 - Messali Hadj is one of Algerian nationalists who affected the Algerian history and spent most of his live in struggle and resisting French occupation. 2 - National movements appeared in Algeria through national and religious figures after second world war and after returning most of young recruits to the country. 3 - Messali Hadj took part in establishing a party which succeeded in north Africa, where he was one of its founding members and hold leadership of the party in 1927. 4 - Messali Hadj was well known for his national spirit through his enthusiastic speeches for Algerian people or in the international forums. However he followed peaceful methods to present claims of Algerian people and achieve them. So, he decided to seek with all of his strength to submit claims of Algerian people in League of Nations and other conferences which were held to make reconciliation between the occupation and people of Algeria in a way that illustrate the sufferings of Algerians
الملخص:
المصادر:

الامام حميد بن ابي حميد الطويل ت 341 ه / 067 م سيرته ومروياته التاريخية == Imam Hameed Bin Abu Hameed Altawel His Biography And Historical Mroyate ( 143 AH / 760 AD )

اسم المؤلف: دلير صلاح عبد الرحمن سليمان الجاف
اسم المشرف: عبود حمود شنتاف الرحالي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The ?rst chapter : his name and the nickname, also known as Family and its inception until his death, also took his time and witnessed the private city of Basra, political events and some parts of the Arab and Islamic countries, because he was born and grew up and died in Basra, and he was interested in the application of science and education without being occupied by these events after realized that the scienti?c and intellectual activity that is famous for the city of Basra in the mosque and scientists houses and supervision, including the markets for Mirbid market and the in?ux from scientists from Makkah and Medina , Kufa , Sham and others, who have become Shaikh to him, and his disciples after he won the holiday. Chapter II : dealt with the Shaikhs of Imam Hameed Altach which numbered more than forty - Shaikh was headed by Anas Ibn Malik and Hasan al - Basri, and T habit ibn Aslam and others. Also addressed the students of the Imam Hamid term whose numbers more than ?fty pupils, was led by the Sufian Al thoawri, and Malik ibn Anas and others, and also included the views of the scholars in it. Chapter III : Historical of Mroyate from Adam (peace be upon him) to the Farewell of the Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) and included mention news some prophets such as Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus (peace be upon I them) and the source of the Prophet (Muhammad peace be upon him) and , emigrated to the Al madiana, Moakhah between immigrants and supporters, and his battles and conquests and Saraya. Chapter IV and the last : Mroyate as varied as the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and rumors of some of the women, and the virtues of companions, and food and drink, but morality and justice, retribution, farms and spaces. Some news of the Caliphs and some news about the Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan, and the Caliph Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz also addressed. The conclusion included the most important ?ndings of the study
الملخص:
المصادر:

دور ائمة اهل البيت (عليهم السلام) في الحياة العامة (183 - 256هـ/799 - 870م) == The Role Ahlulbait (Peace Be Upon Them) In Public Life (183 - 256 A.H\ 799 - 870 A.C)

اسم المؤلف: حيدر عبد السادة شداوي
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم خيطان حسن الياسري
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise be to God, who sent down the Criterion to His servant to be a harbinger for workers and peace and blessings on Muhammad, the illiterate Prophet whom God sent a witness and a missionary and a harbinger and calling for God's ear and lamp illuminating. Did not know the history captured as a family of Abi Talib penned glory crown at the junction of jihad lost her right Vttalbh patiently and consistently struggling bad ones cynical of their armies smiling to die crowned right Va - i - hdoa satisfied them comforting their consciences Sabrin Sabra beautiful raises Avannin admiration and admiration and radiates the colors of appreciation and reverence. Tnaasra enemies of the Immaculate family to fight it and invented the invention colors of doom and bulldozed kinds of heinous murder, And they hated the house (peace be upon them), but accused the owners of the right.Ara rulers haters did the Prophet (peace be upon them), but no edema. Sabo and severe shares on children and women and men to abandon their humanity, and in reckless foolish pigmentation foreheads actors Bhnan evil souls and become another of these martyrs (peace be upon them) newly tells the story circulating stories where people find glory and toughness right tale. Vmutiroa him and on choosing and they wrote with their blood because it contains the seed of renewed life. Despite the large number of enemies of this family were unsuccessful attempts to eradicate them fail.In perpetual trip between sheets of history in search of the truth and Tgosaia experience deep human actors struck me some of the names gleaming leading figures who have had the active role the constant and tender in the Islamic Shari'ah service and movement religious scholars over the centuries, is the most prominent of those figures are Ahlulbait peace who can Mtaatbaan them and researchers through the study of their lives and their careers to learn about the broad effort large and hardship they have made in order to uphold the banner of Islam and the preservation of religion from identity theft wrongdoers and interpretation of the ignorant, in addition to their positive attitude is clear about the serious circumstances surrounding the nation and the Islamic, which tried to change the line of Islam on the track after an absence Great Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon God for leadership Theater.With this in mind we've to choose the subject which deals with the biography of some imams Ahlulbayt and their role in public life in the third century and of religious and secular their interests and their responsibilities towards society and the parish at the time, is no secret that when we study the lives of those Imams peace be upon them as a whole and link the activities and attitudes of some some note that the fabric of one and planning an interconnected complements mutually aims to maintain the frequency of the debt through the generations and show Sharia according to the right approach corresponding to the words of God Almighty and the words of the Holy Messenger, bless God and God and peace, or the purpose behind his choice due to several reasons, including : The study in this letter deals with attitudes and opinions of imams peace and their role for them in social life and the other based on the perception of college instead of a fractional view of any perception of the imams in a comprehensive manner is the image of single every front, this thus gives a clearer picture of the roles they undertake all in the life of the Islamic and arguably that on the basis of that view that we go out the results of the largest and broadest of the total outcome of the fractional studies.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الحركة النقابية العمالية في مصر 1952 - 1970 == The Labaur Union Movement In Egypt 1952 - 1970

اسم المؤلف: حنين عبد الله صالح الحديدي
اسم المشرف: احمد عبد الواحد عبد النبي الحلفي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The historical origins stretch for the emergence of the Egyptian working class to the beginning of the twentieth century come into being where her existence as a class.The selection of the 1952 date for the start of the study because it represents the beginning of the regime shift in Egypt from the monarchy to the republican era in Egypt and became a reality trade union under the Bull of which overthrew the monarchy represents the striking hand that her position in the community through its laws and obtained by the strengthened position , while in 1970 was chosen the date of the end of the study the death of Abdel Nasser's strong support of the trade union movement.The nature of the study required to divide the message into an introduction and four chapters and a conclusion in which the most important conclusions of the study.Since the beginning of the first chapter dealt with the working class and the labor movement of 1921 - 1939 and the labor movement in the wake of World War II until 1952.He revealed the second chapter about the role of the trade union movement Mn1952 - 1958 and the position of the labor movement of the 1952 revolution and internal developments in Egypt and the evolution of trade union reality of the labor movement.The third chapter discusses the role of Egyptians workers of the political developments in Egypt 1958 - 1961 and the evolution of trade union reality.And singled out the fourth quarter on the Egyptian labor movement Anaqbih 1962 - 1970 and the evolution of trade union reality of the labor movement and the evolution of labor legislation, as well as after a setback June 5 on the workers.The message chapters have shown about the role of unions and political attitudes that have changed the course of political events, including the Great was their role in the liquidation of the dispute between Muhammad Naguib and Nasser, and effective and efficient role in the war as the tripartite aggression coming together with the Egyptian working class in the rest of the working classesThe homeland of the Arab and European countries, and the large role played by workers in the tension of the Egyptian - US relations through the crisis of the ship Kilobacrh and force allied countries against the ship to bow at the end of the crisis.vdila positions and the role of the workers in that period, they have received many privileges and legislation issued in their right where they have lifted them as a class position in Egyptian society
الملخص:
المصادر:

عطاء بن ابي رباح (ت115هـ/733م) ومروياته التاريخية == Historical Uarrativco Of Atah Bin Abi Rabah

اسم المؤلف: حميد صبار عواد الزوبعي
اسم المشرف: فاروق عبد الرزاق حسين الالوسي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Messa has given the Islamic Arabian culture the gist of its intellect and introduced to history celebrated intellectuals in poetry prose , linguistics and morality. It is represented by Islamic intellectual and prominent leaders. By the generous effort of the educational circle , the researcher intends to study all aspects of Messa,s intellect in Biography through one of its most prominent figures. i.e, Imam Atah Bin Abi Rabah who is not given attention and studied though he is one of the most famous narrators , in addition to the importance of his historical narrative. Thus he is chosen to be the subject of this thesis because of his importance and because of the necessity of studying this figure. The aim of the study is to present his scientific life that his predecessors started and who made of Mecca a beacon for science and knowledge. It is important to shed light on the heritage of those begotten by Mecca and who through history , are immortalized because of their great deeds and giving's. The historical narrative of Atah Bin Abi Rabah which are found in many source are of great importance in the study of Biography. This is not high lightened before by researchers. Thus this thesis aim at clearing the mystery around this figure by concentrating on him and his historical narratives
الملخص:
المصادر:

البنك المركزي العراقي 1947 - 1964 : دراسة تاريخية == The Central Bank Of Iraq 1947 - 1964 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: حسين زعيل حالوب الموسوي
اسم المشرف: اميرة حسين محمود الكريمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Central Bank is considered the ultimate financial government facility that governs mainly on the banking and financial system of each country. The responsibility of this central bank is to issue the currency and working as an advocate to the government, and monitoring other branching banking systems. In addition, they central bank monitors the credit to support the economic growth of the country. The central bank carries on its shoulder the economic stability of the country. Due to the significance of this facility, it behooves me to uncover the history of central bank of Iraq. The idea of founding the central bank of Iraq goes back to 1920 after the formation of the first Iraqi government. The government decided to obtain and solidify the economic independence. The British experts who were assigned on this mission recommended to form a primary currency committee to be situated later in London. As a result of the consistent demands of Iraqi people to found an independent central bank, the authorities later subdued and issued the Iraqi law of currency No. 44 of the year 1931. Based on this law, the Iraqi committee of currency was formed. After the WWII in 1939 - 1945 the idea of the central bank surfaced the public demands but due to internal and external circumstances interfered and delayed the foundation. The year 1947 witnessed the issuance of Law No.42 of the year 1947. The Central Bank of Iraq was founded accordingly. This Central Bank is considered one of the oldest banks in Middle East. The bank initiated its activities in July 11 1947 and was considered a symbol of national independence. According to the Law No. 42 of 1947 (The Iraqi National Currency Law), the jurisdictions of issuing currency was assigned to the Iraqi National Bank. The Iraqi National Bank influenced the growth of Iraqi economy especially after thoughtfully spreading its financial policy through loans to banking faculties with easy interests and limiting interest levels that the bank receives on discounted offers of the trade banks. Due to that thoughtful banking policy, the country transformed from a depending financial system (Currency Committee) to a semi - independent financial system but connected indirectly to the Sterling Zone of British government. In 1949, the Iraqi National Bank initiated its activities as a fully authorized central Bank. The first currency bills were coined in that year that carries its logo in September 17th 1950. By the same year, the Central Bank started to monitor international transactions in addition to legislating the law of banks monitoring No. 34 of 1950. Moreover, in 1956, the Iraqi government’s accounts and deposits were transferred from Al - Rafidain Bank to The Iraqi National Bank and the same year witnessed the birth of law No. 72 detailing the Iraqi Central Bank policy. According to this law, the terms of the National Bank were drawn and witnessed an increase in its capital to reach 15 Iraqi millions. In July 1958, the Kingdom regime was toppled in Iraq and was replaced by the Republican regime. This transformation of government regime overshadowed many of the Iraqi government laws of which was the Iraqi currency law. In July 1959, the Iraqi government issued law No. 92 of 1959 (The Iraqi law of currency). According to this law, a new set of currency bills was issued that carried the logo of the Iraqi Republic Regime. In the same month, Iraq declared its independence from the Sterling Zone and accomplished the complete economic independence. Later, the mission of managing the Iraqi financial policy was assigned to the Central Bank of Iraq. Fast forward to July 1960, an official decision was made by the Iraqi government forbade the transactions of any currency other than that one carrying the logo of the Republic of Iraq. This decision was implemented in 31st of January 1961. It is worth to mention that the year 1961 witnessed the encoding of another law. The law is entitled 19th to monitor the foreign transactions. According to this law, the Central Bank was assigned main authorities to monitor foreign transactions. Additionally, the very law stipulated that all forms of payment other than Iraqi currency is subject to rules of foreign transactions policies. The Central Bank of Iraq during the period of 1947 through 1964 exercised bureaucratic activities without significant influence on the economic growth since it was chained to proceed according to the Sterling Zone and the internal government policies that crippled and subdued it. In conclusion, on the 14th of July 1964, the Communist laws were legislated to nationalize multiple Iraqi facility from the foreign control. One of the nationalized facilities was the economic facility of which was the national Bank of Iraq
الملخص:
المصادر:

الرواية التاريخية في كتاب (غرر الفوائد ودرر القلائد) للشريف المرتضى المتوفى (436هـ/1044م) == The Historical Novel In The Book (Ghurar Al - Fawaed And Durar Al - Qalaed) For Al - Sharif Al - Murtadha Deceased (436 AH / 1044 Ac)

اسم المؤلف: حسام داخل علي
اسم المشرف: مثنى فليفل سلمان الفضلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: We have cemented in the mind of many of us, that foreign control of resources of any country, especially if that control directly. It will lead to paralysis and disable a lot of those institutions of a political nature was the mother of the state's social or scientific, but perhaps in all walks of life. However, the specialist study of history, and from the history of Islam, could be up after research and investigation and take the necessary time to study a certain period of time, while making painstaking effort between the folds of historical pages, up to the facts may be a far cry from what we have referred to in advance, but may prove Facts new historical, that the foreign occupation and domination of Atakhlu positive effects in certain aspects of the life of that society. Including the period of our research and tagged {historical novel in the book (and pearls tricked benefits necklaces) for Sharif Murtada deceased (436 AH / 1044 AD)}. Since Albuehip control (334 - 447h / 945 - 1055m), the bulk of the capabilities of the Abbasid state in Baghdad. And who directly. As dazzling and striking at this stage is the development of a lot of aspects, including the activity and the growth of the scientific movement in Baghdad, because of this close association nature of our address, where the spread of the seminars that are part of that growth and intellectual activity and scientific. For this Fmma is no doubt that Mr. Murtada and his family the top is one of those productions for that time period. However, this does not mean that does not lead us to say that without this occupation because it is apparent that Mr. Galilee, but we want to say that with all the negatives that accompanies any foreign control over the destiny of a country, perhaps she the same time be a catalyst for the advancement of society in the areas of what, was the prophet Sharif Murtada, who wowed the Muslim world Bsjalath intellectual many in number and type, and his works, became the flag of the Islamic nation and Jhbma of Jhabztha in that historical period, and this is seen by many scientists and historians until he became named Sharif star with doctrine Imami duodenum, but an old man of the great elders, which issued the religious leadership of the Shia Imami. And he had a clear role in preserving the heritage of the Islamic nation in general, and especially the Shia Ithna; Mr. Sharif alMurtaza was the repository of many of the sciences that Nhlha of his teachers and elders Venerable, who schooled on their hands, and is reflected in the variety of his compositions. It was so scientific encyclopedia for Aanill trough, Venhl of his abundant many students, his home until he became a popular destination and a platform for seminars. That the purpose of the study of this inimitable personal and that was particularly important in forensic science and scientific Bmosusah, which dominated the scientific character, which some called to deny him a depth of knowledge of historical events, which are an essential part of the scientific personality, and that the cave between the folds of novels and historical events for different ages we have quoted in chapters of this letter, which addressed one of his books that we are going to study them. History as we know, is built on the foundations of a very important time and place is human, the group including the individual, and these pillars are often shared by many human sciences, and perhaps in the forefront of forensic science. The study of any authorized branches can not resign from the study of history according to each individual subject. Therefore, we find that the book (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces) has contained a lot of the verses of the Holy Quran and the Hadith, and support Mr. Murtada all that a lot of poetry and prose, was that Mr. Murtada one of Avmaz and the pillars of the Islamic world in general, and Imami jurisprudence duodenum in particular. The fact that all scientific effort is not without its small difficulties were large and is connected nature of the subject to be searched, so we see that the book methodology (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces) for Sharif Murtada had neglected to mention the bulk of the dates of the events and historical novels cited mention poked jurisprudential Besides very brief in the matter of historical facts, which require listed, and the historic nature of our approach to this study, exposure to refer to most of the historical sources that we have reached, and which varied in the disruption. The goal is to reach the origin of the novel or the historic event after viewing the report by Mr. Murtada in his ambiguity on those sources to determine the proportion of congruence and difference and in doing so get out the fact that historic event, and that too with the help of the views of some historians modern and views regarding dictum by writing this letter. One of the things that have been neglected in the book of ambiguity is not to mention the dates of those events. But we and the help of God we were able to evacuate this difficulty through what we mentioned above, the nature of the approach taken, where shows that between the folds of the chapters of this letter which contained this introduction, four chapters and an epilogue, came the first chapter, addressing in three axes, the first of which may be defined on the Biography vitae of Mr. Murtada and his family are honest, while the second axis has included mention of scientific life of Mr. Murtada and definition elders Mr. Murtada who are Oaazationm Imami elders who have the NHL galore knowing Shaykh Saduq (d. 381 AH / 991 AD), and Sheikh useful (d 413 AH / 1022 AD), with claims of Prophet Murtada Imami Twelver after his death, came in this axis also mentioned a number of his students venerable, who popularized prominence throughout the Muslim world Kalnjashi (d. 450 AH / 1058 AD), and Tusi (d. 460 AH / 1067 AD) and others, and is no doubt that such a world must leave the inter literature and workbooks that formed Aretha major scientific percent exceeded author in various forms of knowledge as we got it today, has become an important source should be referred to in the study, each according to its requirements, particularly for students of jurisprudence Imami duodenum, even scientists and historians said the sayings with altitude its status, it is what we see in a few right. Finally, the third axis of this chapter we dealt with the book that we have studied and we were able, with God's help come up with all the information arcane detail about him, the reasons for the book Voahtna named and described the nature of his themes and so on. The second chapter, which collected the historical narrative of the three eras, the pre - Islamic era and the message finally caliphate and the reason for this combination are the requirements of scientific methodology in finding a balance between the chapters of the message. It was the third quarter came under the historical novel of the era of the Umayyad address. And Mr. Murtada Khtmanaha era historical novel, the meaning here Abbasid era... and that was a title for the fourth quarter and last. And we finished our study to prove and install a number of findings that resulted during our trip school with these wonderful and personal meditation in his book (tricked benefits and dryer necklaces), which is also known Balomala... All of this was under Conclusion address. In conclusion, we ask God Almighty to have been successful for the completion of this message and to gain satisfaction and satisfaction of Muhammad and the pure satisfaction of our Lord Sharif al - Murtaza (Jerusalem secret); and finally satisfaction of my professors Distinguished members of the defense committee, which Sevadon the views and perspectives of scientific view and that will fill some of the gaps that scientific effort, which would make it more scientific and sedate. Vdzahm God and the people of prophecy House (peace be upon them), the best penalty box. The penalty for them is to pray for them Bmofiqih safety and security for themselves and their beloved Iraq. Peace, mercy and blessings of God.
الملخص:
المصادر:

اثر النفط في التطور السياسي والاقتصادي في دولة الامارات العربية المتحدة 1881 - 1891 م == The Effect Of Oil In The Political And Economic Development In United Arabs Of The Emirat 1981 - 1991

اسم المؤلف: حاتم احمد حسين سالم العيساوي
اسم المشرف: احمد صالح خليفة الدليمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

الحياة الثقافية في بغداد (1921 - 1933) == Cultural Life In Baghdad (1921 - 1933)

اسم المؤلف: ثامر محمد حميد حسين
اسم المشرف: محمد يحيى احمد الجوعاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The historians, researchers and writers dealt with the contemporary and modernist political history of Iraq in deep details, but they didn't make the cultural history of Iraq as a main part of their interesting. For this reason, the researcher wanted to study this subject and spotlights on the history of the cultural life in Baghdad for the period of (1921 - 1933). Accordingly, Baghdad ranked to the top city among the Iraqi cities in the field of cultural developments during that period. The time - frame of the research had started from 1921 and ended in 1933, which means the study included the monarchal period since the crowning of the prince Faisal as a king until his death. It was necessary to divide the dissertation into introduction, four chapters and epilog, in order to cover the target period. The first chapter entitled the Educational Organization in the City of Baghdad; and this chapter was divided into four sections. Consequently, the first section dealt with the establishment of the Ministry of Educations and its role in organizing and directing the education. The second section dealt with the Primary Education representing by small educational groups, kindergartens and the primary schools. In the same time, the third section focused on the Secondary and professional Education as well as preparing schools and its expansion. The fourth section showed the Higher Education whence the colleges and institutes as well as the elements of its establishment, development and advancement. The second chapter studied the Libraries and Printing Houses, and its cultural role in Baghdadi society. This chapter divided into two sections; the first one dealt with libraries by reviewing the governmental, academic, military and school libraries as well as the private, domestic libraries and storehouses. In addition, the section examined the beginnings of these libraries, its expansion and pervasion. The second section highlighted the printing houses and its pervasion in Baghdad, and its role in the Baghdadi cultural movement. The third chapter talked about the journalism and arts (Theatre and cinema) its role in the cultural life of the society for the target period. This chapter included two sections; the first one studied journalism and its types whether it was independent, factious or specialized which included the literary, religious, womanish, military, humorous and sportive. The second section specialized in studying the theatre and cinema : it's first beginnings and referred to the numbers of the theatrical groups and its artistic activities, in addition to the numbers of the cinematic and theatrical shows. Consequently, the fourth chapter studied the associations, clubs and literary and cultural councils in Baghdad. This chapter divided into three parts : the first one examines the associations whether they were public or womanish and how they were established as well as its cultural role. The second part focused on the cultural clubs; its propagation and time of establishment. Similarly, the third part dealt with the literary and cultural councils and its effect in the cultural aspects and between its preparing and the people who are in charge of as well as the places of its sessions. Finally, the researcher came to logical conclusions through this study; for example in the field of education, the schools had established in many types and the education in this period had been developed, but in a slow way. While the libraries which expanded in all its types and forms in Baghdad as well as it opened its doors for all the people of Baghdad from different levels. Similarly, the propagation of the printing houses also was another element in directing the steering wheel of culture ahead. In addition the process of printing and publishing different books in different specializations and directions led to the edification and development of the society. Concerning the journalism and arts, the researcher found that those two elements had a great effect on the society in Baghdad through the publication of numerous magazines and newspapers that had a clear effect in the process of edification and education of the society. Concerning the arts, Baghdad witnessed the establishment of the theatrical groups and the erection of show rooms which increased year after year. These show rooms showed many cinematic and theatrical works that increased the culture and realization of the recipient as well as it expanded his horizon and consciousness. Last but not least, the associations, clubs and literary and cultural councils in Baghdad prevailed in different years and had a great effect in the development of the society as well as it created the cooperative spirit among the individuals of the society.
الملخص:
المصادر:

كتاب الفتوحات الاسلامية المبكرة للمستشرق الامريكي دونر الفرد ماكجرو : دراسة منهجية نقدية == The Book Of Early Islamic Conquests Of The American Orientalist Fred Mcgraw Donner. Acritical/Methodological Study

اسم المؤلف: تسالي عطية عذير
اسم المشرف: ليث شاكر محمود
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The study consists of a preface, introduction and four chapters in addition to the abstract and the bibliography and references in the light of the historical in formation available in the resources and references ,our design to the thesis comes out as follows; the prefac deals with the Contemporay American oriental and the biography of the oriental fred Donner which combines the four sections;The first section;the American mentaliy directions and its relation with East,as l have illustrated how it developed since the exploration and how the first writers took care in their writings whether ,literary ,historical ,of the East.The second section;The American Orientalism and its relation with the lslamic Arab History as l have stated the consideration with the lslamic studies While the third section; combines the most contemporary American Orientasls ,the fourth section talks about the life of the oriental fred Donner and highlights his scientific life.Ln the first chapter l have dealt with Donners methodology in the book of the Early lslmic conquests and it contains two sections; The first section the methodology of Donner in the Early lslamic conquests book stating the contents of the book and how he divides the book.While the second section is a reading in the method and resources of Donner in the book of Early lslamic conquests.While the second chter includes in the message era and has two section; the first is about the early conquests in the messag era discuss civil biography features of peace be upon him and the start of the lslamic invasions.The second section about the lslamic in vasions of Syria in the message era(622AD/1H - 632AD/11H) as it tackle the invasions the prophe (peace be upon him) sent to northern Syria. And the third chapted is all ocated to the lslamic conquest in Syria and combines two sections ;the first is the lslamic conquest in the era of caliphate of Abu bakr (622AD/11H - 632AD/13H)and about sending of the lslamic armies to Abu Bakr and how to choose the conquest leaders and the most important battes. The second section talks abot the lslamic conquest in the era of Caliphate Omar ibn al - Khattab (634AD/13H - 644AD/23H)as he continues the lslamic conquest after the death of caliph Abu bakr as Syria was conquest in his caliphate. Chapter four is the conquesn of lraq and includes two sections; the first section the lslamic conuests in lraq in the caliphate of Abu Bakr (632AD/11H - 634AD/13H)deals with the conquests during the era of caliphate of Abu bakr and compares it with the Arabic and oriental resources. The second section;the lraq conquests in the era of caliphate omar ibn alkattab (634AD/13H - 644AD/23H)and opening the most important area of lraq and Donner highlights in lraq conuest on the most important battles that have an effect in open of lraq
الملخص:
المصادر:

قبيلة بلي ودورها السياسي والحضاري من عصر الرسالة حتى نهاية العصر العباسي الاول (1 - 247هـ /622 - 861 م)

اسم المؤلف: تحسين احمد سعيد خليف العبيدي
اسم المشرف: عبد الستار مطلك درويش
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Praise to Allah lord of the worlds and prayer and peace upon the prophet Mohamed (peace be upon him ).The study of the Arab tribes is important historical studies. it is an essential pillar and important episode in the study of the political and social history for these tribes as we knew. the most of these tribes were believed in Islam and contributed significantly as well as its contribution of spreading of the Arabic language and Islamic religion because these were the most capable in this area. the tribe Baly (Ble) Alqdiah were one of Hejaz tribes which believed in Islamic religion and contributed to support this religion. Most of their men and characters participate with the prophet Mohamed. In the first and second era and Bader one. They had a great roll in release processes in sham or Egypt or Andalus. My studies included an introduction and four season and conclusion. 1 - the first season : the general condition for Ble tribe. I mentioned the pedigree and their members and the places that they were settled down. As well as I mentioned their alliances with the other tribes. At last I mentioned their religion.2 - the second season : I wrote about Ble tribes roll in the age of the Message (1 - 11) H/ (622 - 632) M. I mentioned their roll in the Islamic calling before the prophets migration (6.9 - 620) M. they participated in the first and second obstacles. more over than I mentioned their roll in the prophets invasion (1 - 11) H ( Bader battle - Uhid battle - Trench battle - Al hudibia reconciliation - Mutach battle - with chains battle - Okash bin Husn faction to other land and Ble - Tabuk battle). Also I mentioned Ble tribe's delegations to the prophet Mohamed (peace is upon him).The third season : special study to the political condition of Ble tribe in the age of Al.Rashidi and All Umayyad. In the beginning their position of the pledge caliph Abu Baker (Allah be pleased upon him) and the companions contribution for eliminative of (Bizakha and Yamama) apostasy. Also their roll in the battle of releasing Egypt and the siege of Babylon's fortress and Alex Andria siege. I also mentioned tribal members participating in killing the caliph Othman bin Afan (Allah is pleased upon him). After that they pledge allegiance the caliph Ali Bin Abi Talib (peace is upon him).They participation in completing to open Egypt, then they entered Africa and Alandluse.The fourth season : the administrative economic and intellectual affection in the age of the message until the first Abbasis age (1 - 247)H. I mentioned in the end the important results that the study reache
الملخص:
المصادر:

جريدة الزمان وموقفها من التطورات السياسية الداخلية في العراق (1945 - 1958) : دراسة تاريخية == Al - Zaman Newspaper And It'S Attitude Towards The Internal Political Developments In Iraq 1945 - 1958 Historical Study

اسم المؤلف: بشار نعيم علي
اسم المشرف: كريم مراد عاتي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The press is still one of the most important means of codification of historical events , because of its importance in the recording and analysis of political positions , especially the events in Iraq after World War II, which saw significant political developments and bitter struggle continued until 1958 to acquire power. And the importance of these events prompted us the essential need to study and learn the opinion of independent civil journalism, of those developments and conflicts. The choice of the newspaper Al - Zaman for the study being published in one of Baghdad's local newspapers that do not belong to any political party , they do not represent any religious component or a class , as well as being a successful Iraqi newspapers, and The complexity of the topics addressed by the Gazette and plentiful and diverse , require limited study on the domestic political front in Iraq between ( 1945 - 1958 ). The message material distributed according to its requirements to the front and four chapters and an epilogue , we addressed in the first chapter : the founding of the newspaper Al - Zaman and factors of intellectual and administrative composition, the process of issuance and follow us sustain and even went through the social , cultural and political composition of the editorial board of the newspaper starting his concession Tawfiq Sam'ani to her through to other editors, then he continued in order to learn their language and the printing press and news sources , classify and structure until the stoppage. Chapter II focused on the study of the position of the newspaper Al - Zaman of internal political developments ( 1945 - January 6, 1949 ). Chapter III continued position of the newspaper Al - Zaman of internal political events during the period (1949 - January 29, 1953 ). The fourth chapter is devoted to the study of the position of the newspaper Al - Zaman of internal political developments between (1953 - 1958). The newspaper Al - Zaman at the forefront of newspapers that called for the resurrection of democratic life and called for constitutional freedoms, and the establishment of political parties , and defended freedom of the press and called for reform of laws that restrict freedom of expression , as noted in many of her articles about the poor condition of the country and the deterioration of its situation, it became pregnant Gazette political responsibility for that degradation. The position of the newspaper Al - Zaman was not confined to the inner side, Apple exceeded that and defended the spirit of nationalism and clear all liberal Arab issues, denouncing the colonial policies of domination against the sons of the Arab nation , although it has avoided more often criticize the attitude feeble than those abuses of the Iraqi government, as of We could promise that the technique that helped her not to draw the government's view in the disabled, has given the plan to continue to work , in order not to be counted among the left - wing opposition newspapers authority. We have proved the newspaper through her articles that it was successful in many of the conclusions that have already got, probably stems from the strength of the culture of the board of writers and editors, who were followers good events, and sustained in the supplement and enrich the numbers Gazette comprehensive information , which came to analyze events and the statement causes. It is also the integrity and its national curriculum confirmed through the nobility of intellectual, political, social and economic purpose, which is drawn on the number of pages, since those ends showed through national and pan constructive articles, which are outlined in a lot of national positions, particularly oil issues and attempts nationalized
الملخص:
المصادر:

الحركة النقابية في السودان (1956 - 1969) : دراسة تاريخية == The Trade Union Movement In The Sudan (1956 - 1969)

اسم المؤلف: بان علي حمد سلمان
اسم المشرف: ابتسام محمود جواد
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Trade Union Movement appeared in Sudan as a result to many projects established by the British colonial. These projects were considered as the first step toward appearing working class which evolved a lot over time because of the British projects needs to manpower. Agricultural projects also contributed to the development of this class, especially cotton planting projects. Sudan was importing cotton from Egypt, but, because of the deterioration of agricultural there it started planting cotton, after proving appropriateness of its soil for planting cotton with high quality. The thesis is divided into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. Chapter one includes a necessary contradictory account of the political developments in Sudan until 1956; the geographical nature of the country; and the competition between British and Egypt on Sudan. It also contains brief accounts of the emergence of the Sudanese National Movement; the general conference of graduates; the formation of the Sudanese parties until 1956; the emergence of the Sudanese trade union movement and its most important organizations, such as Labor Union, Agricultural Union, Student Union, and Feminist Union; the obvious effect of these unions in the Sudanese life; and attitudes of these unions toward the formation of the parliament, the bilateral negotiations in 1950, unions, and Sudan's self - determination and the Declaration of Independence. Chapter two is titled ''Trade Unions and Political Variables 1956 - 1958''. It represents the political developments in 1956; ''Jauda'' projection; and the fall of Al - Azhari government. It also discusses Abdullah Khalil's first government and Sudanese unions; the public opinion from the US aid; unions and discusses Abdullah Khalil's second government; the 1958 election circumstances and its aftermath; and the strike of November 21, 1958. Chapter three focuses on unions under General Ibrahim Abboud's government 1958 - 1964; General Ibrahim Abboud's coup and the public opinion; Military counter - coups to the military rule of 1959; attitudes of students and workers toward the military rule; formation of the Public Central Council; and the reasons for the outbreak of the 1964 revolution and the end of ; General Ibrahim Abboud's rule. Chapter four studies the state of unions during the second democratic period (1964 - 1969). It focuses on unions and Sirelkhatim Khalifa's first government and its effects; unions and 1965 election under Sirelkhatim Khalifa's second government; formation of Mohamed Ahmed Mahjub's first government, which did not continue, and its most significant procedures; Al - Sadiq Al - Mahdi's government and the failed coup attempt by Communist Party and the unions; Mohamed Ahmed Mahjub's second government; Sudan's official and public position against 1967 aggression; and unions and the strike of August 20, 1967. And trade unions and strike Twenty August 1968 The conclusion was where we recorded what conclusions we have reached through our study of the trade union movement in the Sudan (1956 - 1969 And it can say that the trade union movement in the Sudan have a great importance in the Sudanese society through what is provided by the unions of achievements throughout the duration of their struggle
الملخص:
المصادر:

الحياة الاجتماعية والثقافية في سورية 1920 - 1946م

اسم المؤلف: بارق عباس عبيد عباس الراوي
اسم المشرف: محمد يحيى احمد الجوعاني
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The defeat of the ottoman state is considered in the first world war and its retreated towards Anatolia state resulted in getting out all the Arabic territories which were under its control amongst them Syria, the Arabic forces led by Faisal bin Al - Hussein could enter them after the Ottoman armies withdrawal from it and establishing Arabic government in Damascus.The Arabic government continues to govern Syria until 1920, but the allays abandoned of their promises for the Arabs in Sarema conference held in the Italian city San Remo in 1920 where they have agreed that the Arabic territories extended from the Mediterranean cost to the Arab gulf under the mandate, and Syria has become under the French mandate, the matter which effects directly in the political and administration aspects also the economic , social and cultural aspects, a lot of academic studies have illustrated the nature of the effects in the political and political aspects at the time the researchers has avoided counter the studies in the social and culture aspects, what has attracted me to the researcher in this subject to study the developments the social and culture life has witnessed in Syria during the French mandate.The study included introduction and four chapters and conclusion, the first chapter has discussed the social and cultural life in Syria(1919 - 1920) before imposing the French mandate on Syria in which the Syrian population structure of society consisted of Muslims, Christians , Jewish and classes the society consisted of them besides studying habits, traditions for each sect of these sects, also the chapter has displayed that the cultural life has built in it at the time of education, newspapers, magazines at this French political policy pursued against it.As for the second chapter , I have discussed in it the population structure and the society and the classes of the Syrian society along the period of the French mandate(1920 - 1946) and styles of the French policy pursued against the Syrian society and working to confirm one sect or class on the account of other service in favor of the mandate.The third chapter has discussed, the habits and traditions of each sect and the developments occurred on them at the mandate time.The forth chapter investigated the cultural life phenomenon which discussed teaching, newspapers, magazines, press, clubs and societies, cinema and theatre and the authorities fighting the French mandate for each culture activity counter its existence in Syria.
الملخص:
المصادر:

التنظيمات الادارية في العهد الاخميني (550 - 331 ق.م) == Administrative Organizations In The Achaemenid Period (B.C 331 - 550)

اسم المؤلف: اسماء جميل راضي
اسم المشرف: مهدية فيصل صالح الموسوي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In this study The ancient Persian civilization in general. And the Achaemenid civilization in particular Researcher finds Achaemenids that the Kings did not leave written records kept of events that they have experienced. As if to be a glorification of victories or listed the battles they have fought. As well as any mention not up to us the sequence of historical events prepared by scholars and scribes of the royal court by order of any king of kings, the Achaemenids.Especially kings who knew the political wisdom And the efficiency of the state administration, such as King Cyrus II (B.C 530 - 559) and King Darius I (B.C 486 - 521). As they never left only minor administrative records, have been saved in property cupboards indicate that they have succeeded in organizing and managing their empire Therefore, beneficiaries of cultures and peoples systems that bowed under the authority of the Achaemenid Empire. But to say that the existence of such records. It does not mean that prospectors archaeologists were able to provide an archive of the entire administrative nature of the administrative System that the empire.Anumber of reasons, including damage to materials that were used to write it prevented that. And the existence of such records in the capital, PersepolisWas chosen the subject of research in order to identify the nature of the system, which make that a cohesive empire for two centuries (B.C 331 - 550).Before getting into the details of the divisions of research has to besaid what was written. By historians who are interested in studying the Iranian civilizations, especially on the subject of administrative regulations in the Achaemenid era which is a scattered research Therefore, I began to search for the character of the administrative system, which has become Case in the political ,entities that developed on the land of Persia Basically Depending on the circumstances of each entity and nature. Therefore, I divide the study into four chapters. With an introduction and an introductory essay and aconclusion.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الممالك السورية في القرن الرابع عشر قبل الميلاد في ضوء نصوص تل العمارنة == The Syrian Kingdoms In The Fourteenth Century Bc In The Light Of Tall Al - Amarna Texts

اسم المؤلف: احمد عبد الله فاضل الدليمي
اسم المشرف: احمد حسين احمد الجميلي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ القديم
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: الانبار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: In the 4th century B.C. what was called the “Syrian Kingdoms” represented the economic and cultural core of the political events. They became like that for its strategic and political place. Even that those kingdoms were not one political entity, they shaped a cultural entity inside Syria. For the previous reason, those kingdoms were unable to defend themselves against the continuous raids. Those raids came from more than one direction and particularly from Mesopotamia, Nile valley, Mitani, and Hittite kingdoms. Those kingdoms [Syrian Kingdoms] were not also capable of holding back the tribes’ immigrations that went deeply into them and some of these tribes destroyed and conquered like what was known as Khabeero tribe and those facts are proven by excavations.The main cause behind choosing such subject was to know the avidity of the great countries towards Syria in the prehistoric period and the results that came after. The political and cultural significance of that era and its effects on Syrian kingdoms that time made the researcher seeks to find out the kingdoms’ role in that epoch through cuneiform resources that were discovered in Egypt in (1887 A.C.) in Tall - Amarna. That discovery had a big reverberation among the historians. It is also regarded as one of the most important sources of the Syrian history in the 14th century A.C. they are letters between Babylon, Assyrian, Mitannies and Hittite kings from one hand and Syrian kings from another, especially the kings of the coastal parts that were somehow related to pharaohs the Egyptian rulers through that period that became widely known as Amarna era. The language used in those letters was Acadian (Babylon middle accent) except one letter was written in Assyrain (EA15), another in Mitanni language (EA24 ) and two others were in Hittite (EA 31 - 32). The content of those letters included the political issues of the old east generally, the Syrian’s rulers attitudes towards Egypt pharaohs and it showed the political Egyptian effects and the alliances held to encounter Hittite dangers which was aimed on north Syria. The letters also depicted theloyalty differences among the Syrian kingdoms towards the main political powers (Egypt, Hittite kingdom and Mitanni kingdom) and how that influenced in their schism. That led to disturbed political situation that its impact extended to cease the cultural development and prevent the unity of the small entities; contrarily it made each Syrian ruler seeks for his own interests that ensures the continuity of his reign.The thesis consists of three parts preceded by an introduction and followed by an ending.The first part deals with the coastal kingdoms in the 4th century B.C. and it has two subdivisions the coastal parts and the other is entitles as the internal kingdoms.The second part includes the Syrian coastal kingdoms in the 4th century B.C. in accordance with Tall - Amarna Texts. It also has two subparts which are the relation between Egypt and coastal kingdoms in conformity with Tall - Amarna Texts , whereas the other is the coastal kingdoms economic conditions according to Tall - Amarna Texts.The final part is about the Syrian internal kingdoms in the 4th century B.C. according to Tall - Amarna Texts. The third part is divided into two subparts. The first one shows the internal kingdoms’ political relationships with Egypt according to Tall - Amarna Texts and the second includes the internal kingdoms’ economic conditions with Egypt according to Tall - Amarna Texts.
الملخص:
المصادر:

الخطيب الخوارزمي الموفق بن احمد (ت 568هــ/1172م) موارده ومنهجه في كتابه المناقب == Al - Khateeb Al - Khawarizmi Al - Muwafaq Bin Ahmed ( Dead 568A.H - 1172A.D),His Sources And Method In His Book Al - Manaqib

اسم المؤلف: احلام لواف صكبان الخفاجي
اسم المشرف: طه جميل احمد النعيمي
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الاسلامي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
الملخص:
المصادر:

سياسة بريطانيا تجاه ايطاليا 1886 - 1896 == Britain Policy Towards Italy 1886 - 1896

اسم المؤلف: صادق صكبان دوشان
اسم المشرف: حسن زغير حزيم
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The responsibility of the situations development is held by Bismarck allies in the German chancellor position.The foreign policy of Bismarck was Pragmatic.The agreement of reinsurance with Russia was against his understanding with Britain or with the te
الملخص:
المصادر:

الـشيخ احمد البارزاني واثره الاجتماعي والسياسي في كردستان العراق (1896 - 1969) == Sheikh Ahmed Barzani And His Social And Political Impact on Kurdistan Iraq (1896 - 1969)

اسم المؤلف: مهند علي فرحان
اسم المشرف: عبد الرحمن ادريس صالح
الموضوع العام: التاريخ
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: التاريخ الحديث والمعاصر
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ديالى
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: The Kurdish issue is considered as one of the most complicated issues in the Middle East especially after the first world war 1914 - 1918. It became one of the issues that kept the public busy regionally and internationally. During all those complications
الملخص:
المصادر:

التحليل المكاني لتملح التربة في قضاء الهندية واثره في انتاج المحاصيل الحقلية == The Spatial Analysis Of The Soil Salinity In Al - Hindiyah District And Its Impact On The Production Of The Field Crops

اسم المؤلف: دعاء عباس رشيد جاسم الطرفي
اسم المشرف: سلمى عبد الرزاق عبد لايذ الشبلاوي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية التطبيقية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: كربلاء
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تعد مشكلة تملح الاراضي من اهم المشاكل التي تعاني منها الزراعة في المناطق الجافة وشبه الجافة التي هي اثمن الاراضي, حيث تحد من زراعة الكثير من المحاصيل , اذ ينجم عنها هجرة الاراضي الزراعية المتملحة وزيادة الضغط على الاراضي الاقل تملحا واستغلالها بشكل كبير , | Soil salinity is one of the most important problems that faces agriculture in the dry and semi - dry areas which are the most precious lands for their ability to be planted with more than one crop yearly in addition to the ease of their exploiting.That problem (soil salinity ) limits the planting of a lot of crops leading to the migration of the salty agricultural lands , the increase of the pressure on the lands with less salinity ,and exploiting them largely that results in the deterioration of the soil qualities as well as its organic materials which are important for the plant growth. The salinity problem has even taken a global impact that interests the researchers in agriculture and plants production for its close connection with the source of humans food. Accordingly, this study intends to know the effect of the geographical factors (the human and the natural) on the salinity of Al - Hindiyah district lands and point out the most prominent factors that lead to the appearance as well as the growth of that problem. Throughout its chapters, the thesis has found out that the geographical ingredients in that area have paved the way for the appearance of that problem. The climate in those areas is dry where there is an increase in the temperatures and lack of the rain falling that are accompanied by evaporation during Summer.All this leads to the appearance of salinity in addition to the weathering processes that are regarded as a source for most ions which are the components of salts especially the sedimentary rock. Furthermore, the other natural factors also have helped in the appearance of that problem such as the regression and the geological structure. The study reveals that the type of water (the surface and ground water) which is used in the irrigation process contains a rate of salts.After examining the water taken from the area under study and according to the American salinity standard, it is found out that the irrigation water belongs to (C3, C4) criteria which is not used in irrigation process without the availability of specific conditions (network puncture). The appearance of seepage problem in some provinces of the areas under study results from the inefficiency of the brook padding material as it comes across cracking and breaking processes that cause water filtration.This, in its turn, leads to the increase of ground water levels , its rising by capillary property , and then its deposition on the structure after evaporation leaving salts. The human factors , in addition to the natural ones , also play a vital role in the salinity problem.The researcher's direct observation as well as the questionnaire form show that leaving the land without agriculture ,using the christa perfusion ,enlarging of Summer agriculture , and the much use of fertilizers have a great effect in the growth of salinity problem in addition to the bad human administration for water and soil. The difference in the effect of those factors (natural and human ) leads also to the difference in saline soils distribution in the area under study.Such difference has appeared either among those three administrative units (District Centre ,Aljadwal Alghrby ,and AL - Kyratt) or in the administrative unit itself. Lastly, the study shows the direct and in direct impacts of salinity (soil, water) on the lands and the production of agricultural crops (field crops). According to those conclusions, some solutions and suggestions have been recommended to treat the salinity problem and it is possible to apply them on lands to reclaim soil again

دور العمليات الجيورفولوجية في تشكيل المظهر الارضي لمحافظة بابل باستعمال نظم المعلومات الجغرافية GIS == The Role Of Geomorphological Processes In The Forming Of Earth Surface In Babylon Governorate By Using Geographic Information Systems GIS

اسم المؤلف: امير هادي جدوع الحسناوي
اسم المشرف: قاسم يوسف شتيت الشمري
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: This study deals with '' The Role Of Geomorphological Processes in The Forming Of Earth Surface in Babylon Governorate By Using Geographic Information Systems GIS '' In which The Researcher depends on field study , literature publications and Topographical maps along with an explanation of visual images with the GIS 9.3 program The study aims at finding out the effect of natural elements in Babylon Governorate and clarifying their effect on the Geomorphological processes. Another aim this study makes a movetowards it is to inuestigale the nature of Geomorphological processes, record the activities, specify the prevailing earthy forms in the lerritory, classify and measure their dimensions, then produce a detailed Geomorphological map that includes most of the Geomorphological forms. The study area is considered part of the Sedimentary plain from a Geological point of view when its Geological formation is connected Somehow with the Geological developments that happened in Iraq and the surrounding areas. The Geological formations on the surface of the study area include rocks, apparent residuals, and rocks belong to era before the quadrilateral age forming a simple part of the apparent rocks such as (Injana formation) which is related to the high Blayoseen andmayoseen ages, 0n the other hand, the residuals are the quadrilateral age residuals that cover the whole area to be classified accordingly into river residuals and air residuals. Weather of the study area can be featurized with temperature changes, rain short age and humid,so its characterized as a dry desert weather. moreouer, in this study, the nesearcher depends on data collected Rom Al - Hilla station for weather measurement during the period(1983 - 2014) to detail the area weather by taking readings of solar radiation, tamperature, rain, wind, humidity and eva poration).This led to the formation of certain earthy forms such as : First earth forms that nesult from wind erosions which are(the desert pauemeuts, bed, holes and windy cause); Second, forms that are resulted from wind residuals. being represented by sand dunes that take many forms and shapes like(crescent dunes, logitadinal and waue sands); Third, the earth forms that one formed because of water erosions such as (turns,river folds ,side sculptures for river banks, matercavities on banks and river terraced); Forth, Those resulted from water residualing such as(water islands, tongues rivers, natune sholdevs, emannation of splays, flood plains); Fifth, the earth forms being resulted as a cause of hydrogeological processes such as (the spread Sabah in the area) ; sixth, those forms resulted because of human being such as (the ancient hills, ancient cities and other forms) The study came out with certain conclusions.

تملح تربة قضاء الخضر وتاثيرها على الانتاج الزراعي == Salinization Of Al - Khider Soil And Their Impact On Agricultural Proudaction Study In Physical Geography

اسم المؤلف: اسمهان محمد فخري سعيد ابو العينين
اسم المشرف: رحيم حميد عبد ثامر العبدان | طالب عكاب حسين الربيعي
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: ذي قار
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: Salinity problem is one of the most important problems of the land, especially the study area so it was a study salinization of soil spend AL - Khder and their impact on agricultural production as has been the study of geographical factors natural and human affecting the salinization of the soil as well as the study of the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the study area and see how impact on soil salinization, were also study the effect of salinity on agricultural crops and contribute to the deterioration and lack of agricultural production.The site has been knowing the study area (geographically and astronomer), it is geographically, is one of the districts of the province of Muthanna study area is bounded on the north - east the administrative borders of the province of DhiQar, and the north - west the administrative borders of the province of Diwaniyah to the south by Salman spend.The site study area astronomer. They are located between latitudes (30.50 - 31.39) in the north, and between longitudes (45.52 - 45.37) to the eastHas a way of working through the collection of samples of soil, surface and ground water and then conduct laboratory analyzes necessary for soil and water samples and to analyze the data and information about the visit vdila official circles in the province of Muthanna, and then typing the message in its final form.During field studies Gps device was used to determine the coordinates of the soil and water samples sites has also been used Auger hole device in the drilling and extraction of soil samples from specific areas of study, and the use of tug to pull samples from groundwater rThe study found that geographic factors (natural and human) impact on soil salinization, and the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil of the region an important role in exacerbating the problem of salinity, and that this soil salinization in the study area led to the deterioration and lack of agricultural production

اثر العمليات الجيومورفولوجية على مشروعي (الحسينية وبني حسن) الاروائية في محافظة كربلاء == The Impact Of Geo - Morphological Operations On The Irrigation Projects Of Al - Hosaynyya And Bani Hasan In Karbala Governorate

اسم المؤلف: هند صباح عبد الجبار
اسم المشرف: سلام هاتف احمد الجبوري
الموضوع العام: الجغرافية
السنة: 2016
الموضوع الدقيق: الجغرافية الطبيعية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
الصفحات الاولى:
المستخلص: تناولت الدراسة المشاريع الاروائية المكتملة الانجاز في محافظة كربلاء وهي مشروع (ري الحسينية) الذي يقع على الجانب الايمن لنهر الفرات ضمن محافظتي بابل وكربلاء، يعد جدول الحسينية هو الجدول الوحيد الذي يؤمن احتياجات الارواء الزراعي ومياه الشرب للسكان، اما مشرو | The study deal with the completed irrigation projects in Karbala government the project of Al - hosaynyya irrigation located on the right side of the Euphrates River into the provinces of Babil and Karbala and Al - hosaynyya river consider the only one that secure the needs of irrigation for the project and cleaning water needs for population.For Bani Hasan project is from old projects that depend on its irrigation on Bani Hasan river and project lands located to the right side of Euphrates River within the provinces of Karbala, Najaf and Babil.The study included natural factors affecting the region represented by the geology of the region, it fall within the time of quaternary deposits, and it is modern deposits don't exceed of a few centimeters to a several meters and with semi - flat plain topography covered by flood sediments in different levels ranging from zone level from the highest point 45 m above sea level and ends at lowest point 17 m above sea level and on this basis the surface gradually slope from the North to the South, the most important characteristic of this slope is that the ground move to decrease from the east and west toward the center and have the impact on the act of cutting, orientation and slope of irrigation rivers and this form has played a key role in directing the irrigation canals in the area easily from the rivers canals towards the nearby lowlands. Region characterized by desert dry and semi dry climate, which reflected its effects on the activity on geomorphological work in the irrigation projects and the only human factor is the agricultural activity, which has great influence in changing of flow geomorphology and on the hydraulic pressure forces.The study showed the characteristics of the prevailing geomorphological processes in the river represent by erosion processes and the carving and sedimentation the study showed activity to the process of erosion is compatible with high discharge rates because higher rates appeared during July (21, 94 m3/s) and is compatible with the upper limit of the suspended loads amounted its quantity (0, 52 tons).For the process of carving and sedimentation, the study showed the activity of these processes taken to (9) places of measurement has appeared (6) places occurred act of carving in Al - hosaynyya project, and (14) measured position appeared ( 11) points where the process of carving occurred in Bani Hasan project, the study also showed sedimentation activity that total of ( 9) of measured places showed ( 3) points where process of sedimentation of Al - hosaynyya irrigation project for Bani Hasan as (14) position appeared (3)that act of sedimentation occurred.The study revealed the presence of(carving, sediment forms) represented by river turns and carving, sediment forms of represented by river islands.It was found that the course of projects did not divert its course but study showed that new islands appear never existed previously and also the emergence of river tongues
1 ... 125 126 127 128 129 ... 165