University location: Diyala

First pages:

Abstract: يعد الاستعداد والاحتياط لمواجهة المتطلبات الجديدة للادارة الحديثة من اساليب التنافس والصراع بين مخططي سياسات منظمات القرن الحادي والعشرين من اجل استثمار القدرات الفردية والجماعية باستخدام اساليب التفكير والدراسة والبحث عن ما هو جديد من اجل تحسين الاداء وي | Preparing and precaution to meet the new requirements of the modern management in competition and conflict methods between planners organizations of twentieth century in order to invest individual and collective capacity by using thinking , study and research methods about what is new in order to improve performance and the capacity of innovation. The role of the concept Total Quality Management comes as a forepart method which is sought by patrons in order to reach the best ways to implement administrative policies as one of the methods that create an atmosphere of harmony, understanding and administrative process forward. In the higher education institutions, this concept has become one of the critical issues in the education system contemporary. It is considered as the savior and hope in each educational institution seeking to reach the levels of competition, considering that the concept of total quality management is a key entrance for excellence and competitiveness by relying on the implementation of the main requirements for the nature work. Since the ultimate goal of the educational process is stimulating aspects mental , psychological and physical aspects in order to reach the achievements which highlight the role of administrative leadership as a major key in the process of guidance and counseling then following up the implementation of the key requirements for the administrative work through the possession of the qualities and characteristics that show as a creative being one of the main obstacles to personal leadership which contribute to the strengthening and monitoring the implementation of administrative policies through interaction and harmony. Thus, the administrative leader may require at this stage is the creative dean who is able to use the newest styles and means by which that will enhance the ability of creativity and motivation and finding some kind of understanding and harmony to implement in the necessary requirements through showing qualities and characteristics of creativity. From here comes the importance of the study which is certainly determined the following points : 1. Highlight the role of deans' creative characteristics at colleges of physical education and identify the implementation of some total quality management at Colleges of Physical Education. The a problem of the study may be developed in the following question What's the possibility may exist in correlation coefficient between some of the total quality management requirements and deans' creative characteristics at colleges of physical education from the viewpoint of the teaching staff. The following questions are : 1 - What is the concept and requirements of Total Quality Management in Higher Education Institutions. 2 - What is the concept of creativity and creative characteristics of the administrative leaders. 3 - What the extent of the relationship between the total quality management requirements and dean's creative characteristics at colleges at Physical Education. The aims of the study are : 1 - Recognizing the concept of total quality management and its requirements in higher education institutions. 2 - Building a scale for deans' creative characteristics at colleges of physical education. 3 - Identifying the relationship between the requirements of Total Quality Management and creative characteristics. Areas of Research - The human field : the staff members of colleges of physical education. - The temporal field : 1/11/2010. - The spatial field : the colleges of physical education in the Central District. Chapter Two : Theoretical and Related Studies. The following chapter contains two axes : - The first axis includes the concept of quality, quality management, the historical development of the concept, the most important requirements and standards, and the principles and foundations of Total Quality Management. - The second axis contains the concept of creativity and some theories that explain this concept with focusing on the Jelfor theory which is adopted by a researcher through building the scale of creative characteristics as well as the creative qualities of the leader and the most important qualities of a creative characteristics in the physical side. Eleventh previous studies are concerned in the study.Chapter Three : Research Methodology and Procedures The researcher uses the descriptive approach through survey style which suitable to the nature of research. As the researcher adopts a scale to a measure Total Quality Management requirements which is designed by the researcher Khaled Aswad (2012) , this scale includes ten aspects identified the scale of Total Quality Management requirements at Colleges of Physical Education in Iraq. It has also been building a measure of deans' creative characteristics at colleges of physical education through four axes viz fluency, originality, flexibility and problems sensitivity. The sample of building a measure consists of (150) instructors representing by the proportion% of the research population through using the factor analysis style as well as to clarify the research sample and its population, also the tools and means of gathering information are presented. Chapter Four : Results Analysis and Discussion This chapter shows the results of correlation coefficient between the scale of Total Quality Management requirements and the scale of creative characteristics , then analysis and discussion to achieve the goals of the research. Chapter Five : Conclusions and Recommendations The chapter includes the most important results or the following conclusions : 1 - Building a scale for deans' creative characteristics at colleges of Physical Education. 2 - Digital data showed that there is no correlation relationship between the two scales according to the results showed. 3 - Data shows the presence of total quality management requirements dictated by the need to print work for the advancement of organizational and administrative work. 4 - The availability of characteristics in the creative leadership figures are not available, all the structural composition of their personalities, but the availability of one or two characteristics. 5 - Attention to the implementation of Total Quality Management requirements requires the necessity of being a regulatory environment and faith by administrative leaders need to follow up the implementation of these requirements as a standard that can be relied upon to nominate of the concept and implementation of duties according to specific criteria. 6 - There are some obstacles that pass by the administrative process in the follow - up represented by external influences such as the environment, considering that the institution is part of the community has considered as the impact of the application of these requirements. Recommendation : - 1 - The necessity of creating a culture of total quality management by highlighting the practice of this concept. 2 - Emphasis on the application of criteria for selecting administrative leaders as the main driver in the implementation process. 3 - The necessity of availability attributes and characteristics in administrative leadership. 4 - Increasing moral support and addressing impediments of the external environment.

التلوث النفسي وعلاقته بالاستقواء والتمرد النفسي لدى لاعبي منتخبات بعض الجامعات العراقية بكرة اليد == Psychological Pollution And Its Relationship With Bullying And Psychological Rebellion At Some Iraqi Universities Teams Handball Players

Author name: سلام محمد حمزة الكرعاوي

Supervisor name: حيدر عبد الرضا طراد الخفاجي

General topic: Sports

Specific topic: Handball

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Babylon - College Of Physical Education And Sports Sciences

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/777/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9%20%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%20%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A9%202015.rar

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: The Researcher : The thesis include introduction of research and its importance of research came to know the relationship between psychological pollution and bullying and psychological rebellion at players of some Iraqi universities handball teams , and then it can benefit of the researchers , trainers and praises the faculty members, as well as players in the diagnosis of habits and behavior is desirable within the sports community as well as to take advantage of it to strengthen and improve athletic and academic behavior. In addition to what this research to enrich the Arabic library and library sports psychology. This new information , as well as the problem which crystallized in the presence behaviors negative undesirable represented Rebellion and bullying at players and are caused by that there are pollutants psychological at the players, a lies the of the research problem , so the researcher decided studying the psychological pollution with variables bullying and rebellion psychological at players relationship of some Iraqi universities handball teams as researcher did not find any study on the relationship between these concepts as the knowledge of the researcher.The objective of this research to : 1. Prepare and rationing psychological pollution the scales on the players of some Iraqi universities handball teams.2. Building and rationing bullying and psychological rebellion scales on players some Iraqi universities handball teams.3. Identify the psychological pollution and bullying and psychological rebellion at the players some Iraqi universities handball teams.4.Identify the differences in psychological pollution and bullying and psychological rebellion at the players some Iraqi universities handball teams according to the University.5. Identify the nature of the relationship between psychological pollution and all of bullying and psychological rebellion at Iraqi universities handball players teams.6.Prediction of bullying and psychological rebellion in terms of psychological pollution at some Iraqi universities handball players teams.The researcher reviewed the literature on pollution and psychological bullying and psychological insurgency as well as previous studies on these three concepts.Researcher descriptive approach has been used by survey methods, and studies of standard and comparison , and relations connectivity, and predictive , for suitability nature of the study, while the included search sample on the 170 players representing the some Iraqi universities handball teams for the academic year 2014 - 2015.In order to achieve the objectives of research has been prepared and rationing scales (psychological pollution), and building and rationing measurements of (bullying, psychological , Rebellion ) by following steps and procedures to build psychological scales and rationed and address data through the use of the bag Statistical Social Sciences (spss), in addition to the prediction of bullying and the rebellion in terms of pollution psychological.And through a presentation , analysis and discuss of research findings was reached the following conclusion : - 1. Psychological pollution scale prepared by researcher and rationing is suitable for measuring psychological pollution at players of some Iraqi universities handball teams.2.The scales of psychological bullying and rebellion that built and rationing by researcher are suitable for measuring psychological bullying and rebellion at some Iraqi universities handball players teams.3.The research sample at four levels individuals are distributed in three measures of the study, namely, a high level , Medium level , low level and the very low level.4.The presence of low levels of psychological pollution , bullying, psychological and rebellion at players of some Iraqi universities handball teams.5.The results showed no differences in psychological pollution and psychological bullying and rebellion among the players some Iraqi universities handball teams.6. The results showed the existence of a positive direct correlation between psychological pollution and psychological bullying and the psychological pollution and rebellion.7. Devise predictive equation for bullying and psychological rebellion in terms of psychological pollution at players of some Iraqi universities handball teams.From these conclusions the researcher recommends.1.Benefit from the current study objective scale as a tool for researchers and the possibility to use in their research and studies.2.Conducting other researchers to reveal the relationship of psychological pollution of some other psychological variables.3.Conduct studies similar players and players of other games (football, basketball, volleyball etc. (...4.The necessity of pushing players tariff sessions of the seriousness pollution and psychological bullying , rebellion and its impact on the level of school success rates, performance and sporting achievement.5. The need for the use of teachers or coaches psychological scales of pollution in order to detect bullying and Rebellion on the bottom of their players (their students) and the possibility to refine and guide their behavior and their actions. 6. Use predictive equation to predict the bullying psychological and rebellion at players some Iraqi universities teams handball in terms of psychological pollution.

تصميم نظام موحد لاختبارات اللياقة البدنية كمؤشر للقدرات البدنية والحركية لطلبة المدارس العراقية == Building A Unified System For Fitness Tests As An Indicator of The Capacity of The Physical And Kinetic Iraqi Schoolchildren

Author name: سالم نجف الياس الطائي

Supervisor name: محجوب ابراهيم ياسين المشهداني

General topic: Sports

Specific topic: Fitness

Degree: Doctorate

University: Mustansiriyah University - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Physical Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: The aim of the thesis to build a unified system for fitness tests and kinetic school students according to Iraqi school uniform card starting from the first grade of primary (boys, girls) and ends at the end of junior high school.The search included all Iraqi schools (except the province of Kurdistan) and all stages Aldersah for boys and girls and includes research on the seven tests of physical and kinetic.The researcher found the following conclusions : The study aimed to : 1 - building a unified system includes card design school sports uniform fitness tests and kinetic accompany the student and the student from entering the school until his graduation from high school. 2 battery design fitness tests and motor stages in line with the study, elementary, middle and junior high in the Iraqi environment.3 calendar bodies instruction and teaching for teachers and school physical education and raise their efficiency in the development of the physical aspects of the students. As for theoretical studies have touched researcher into several sections, including a historical overview of fitness as well as measurement and evaluation and general concepts about fitness and components and their impact on services functional to the human body, including the musculature and Aledma and nervous and circulatory and respiratory systems as well as its relationship to health, , Was also presented similar studies and related research topic. The search follow the steps in the following procedures : - Has been the use of the descriptive method and survey manner. - Distribution of discs (cd) for all Directorates of Education in Baghdad and the provinces and ordered a ministerial issued by the General Directorate of Physical Education and scouting a number (10351), dated 02/02/2014 contains seven tests and the explanation and AVI to all of the tests with illustrations for each test. - Research was conducted on a sample of students and pupils and students of Pan Iraq, except Kurdistan region and for all grades for the academic year (2013 - 2014) - It took seven tests using the search facility, and a kinetic 1 test speed the transition. 2 jump test of fortitude. B3 medical test throw the ball. 4 test Hnao belly. 5 - agility test.6 balancing test. 7 test flexibility. physical and kinetic tests for Iraqi schoolchildren. After analyzing the data using appropriate statistical methods have been gaining access to many of the most important conclusions were as follows : 1 - get the card Unified school sports for all students, starting from a first - grader and finished in sixth grade preparatory and contains seven tests of physical and kinetic study is divided into two classes per year and recorded all of the data 2 - get modified standard grades determine the levels of light and are evaluated on physical abilities and mobility for all tests 3 - discovery of talented students through the selection process The recommendations are : - 1 - urged the educational institution of education to adopt and apply the card Unified school sports and all the students and the whole of Iraq. 2 - the use of modified standard grades in the process of evaluating the students to study Physical Education and dispensing Calendar which is based on the classic Alkiefah and student grades in other materials. 3 - need for familiarity with the teacher or teacher's procedures and methods of application tests are ideal mainly based on the accuracy of time Alachtparokzlk distance test and the number of occurrences of the test.

تاثير النماذج السمعية البصرية والتمرينات الخاصة في تعلم فعالية قذف الثقل وتطوير بعض القدرات العقلية والبدنية الخاصة والانجاز == Influence of Audiovisual Models And Exercises For Learning Effectively Threw The Heft And Develop Some Special Physical And Mental Capabilities And Achievement

Author name: رنا محمد مطير الجبوري

Supervisor name: عبد الله حسين اللامي

General topic: Sports

Specific topic: Athletics

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Physical Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: يعد التعلم الحركي احد المجالات العلمية المهمة التي حظيت بالمزيد من التطورات والتغيـرات لدوره الكبير في بناء المتعلم البناء الصحيح المتكامل الذي يعمل على حل مشكلاته، لذا ظهرت في هذا المجال اساليب تعليمية عديدة ينتقل فيها الجهد والنشاط في عملية التعلم من ا | The motor learning one scientific task that has received further developments and changes to his big role in building the learner correct build integrated and working to solve problems, so it appeared in this area teaching methods many moves where the effort and activity in the process of learning from the teacher to the learner being longer axis basis of the educational process. The method of modeling audio - visual cognitive styles that one figured many researchers. The importance of research in the study of the effect of the forms of audio - visual and special exercises in learning the effectiveness of the extrusion of gravity and the development of some physical abilities own and achievement is the effectiveness of the extrusion of gravity is one of the events athletics, which is characterized by Riyadyoha specifications strength fast. From follow through researcher in the field of teaching I noticed a weakness and clear in the performance skills of learners in throwing events, including extrusion of gravity in spite of the effort of the teacher, and for this it was necessary to use new methods accompany the educational process and its importance to the effectiveness of the statement to be learned. The research aims to identify the impact of the models, especially audio - visual exercises in learning the effectiveness of the extrusion of gravity., And identify the impact of the models audiovisual exercises, especially in the development of physical abilities of the effectiveness of the special extrusion of gravity. The research hypothesis that there is a significant effect of the models, especially audio - visual exercises in learning the effectiveness of extrusion of gravity. There is a significant effect of the models audiovisual exercises, especially in the development of physical abilities of the effectiveness of the special extrusion of gravity. The researcher used the experimental method and applied research on a sample of students from the first phase of the Faculty of Physical Education (20) students and the researcher conducting the process of homogeneity of the sample individuals in the variables related to the performance of physical been identified the most important tests for the subject of study, including - tests of physical abilities - Tests Performance Evaluation Technical - test achievement. In order to determine the most important physical abilities own associated effectively extrusion of gravity, deliberately seeking to outsourcing and scientific research, Arab and foreign, which dealt with the above subject, and by which they were collected mental capacity and physical and included in (a questionnaire) and then presented to a group of experts and specialists with scientific expertise in the field and track and field, with a view to marking capabilities related to the subject of the research and the researcher used the following means for the implementation of an audio - visual models - Programmed booklet - model organism - CD (CD) and special exercises included physical exercises. - The application of the above by units of tariff and educational and developmental adult (18) units in (9) weeks, according to the vocabulary of the curriculum used to that stage and by two units per week, and held a researcher tests interfaces and includes all the tests carried out in the pre - test and in the same circumstances and finally the post tests conducted and conclusions of the research : 1. Models contributed to audiovisual and special exercises in the evolution of movements of arms and legs, head and torso marked by the development of technical performance clearly.2. Tutorial appeared as a result of the integration of motor performance of the overall skill required, which represents the evolution of the final grade for the performance.3. Models that offer audiovisual by computer gave positive returns in facilitating the learning process through what is seen by the student of the display resolution skills as well as slow motion capability which provided a good opportunity to know the minute movements and speed absorbed.Among the recommendations : 1., We recommend the introduction of specialized colleges all modern technology into their curricula and educational plans to help teach subjects in various stages of study by employing technology in the service of education, with the aim of qualifying graduates to interact with the ocean adequacy and effectiveness and meet the challenges of education.2. Working and we recommend that the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Iraq, on the application of computerized electronic systems of education in colleges and colleges of education, especially sports. And at different stages.3. Deepen the impact of the educational process and its success needs to develop the capacity and skills of teachers in order to improve the selection and use of the means which provide him with educational mechanisms to provide help and guidance material to the learner in the courtyard of the practical lesson.

تاثير تمرينات خاصة في تطوير بعض القدرات البدنية والاداء الفني وانجاز فعالية القفز بالعصا الزانة == The Impact of Special Physical Exercises In Developing of Some Physical, The Technical Performance And Achieving Pole Vault Activity

Author name: رجاء عبد الكريم حميد

Supervisor name: اياد حميد رشيد الخزرجي

General topic: Sports

Specific topic: Fitness

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Basic Education - Department Of Physical Education

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/DHAMYA1/SPORTS/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D9%8A%20%D8%AF%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%81%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF/82.pdf

University location: Diyala

First pages:

Abstract: ان التقدم العلمي الحاصل في المجال الرياضي قد شهد تطورا ملحوظا في مختلف المستويات محققا قفزة نوعية في تحقيق انجازات كبيرة في الالعاب الرياضية، واننا احوج اليوم الى بذل المزيد من الجهود لايجاد اساليب تدريبية علمية تضمن الحركة الرياضية تقدما وتصور | The scientific development under way in sport field has witnessed great changes on different levels bringing about a shift in meritorious work sport games for which we are currently in urgent need to do our best to find scientific training styles to ensure the scientific advance on different levels. The development in the science of sport training put the corner stone for all sports activities ; it is possible to exploit via interaction with other fields , which helps in developing many aspects of the technical performance for any technical sport activity. Pole vault is considered one of the basic and interesting activities of track and field sports. It is one of the activities that calls for high physical , skill and psychological needs , which is , in turn , reflected on aesthetic performance through relating skillfully sport performance to physical attributes which leads to symmetrical movement. Besides, it includes many technical skills when performing steps of the jump which needs effort and patience on the part of the coaches and athletes.The advance in performance can be attained through setting special physical programs and exercises. Besides , there should be a link between these exercises and skillful performance in accordance with proper scientific bases ; this is so because the development in these aspects basically depends on the good physical training. Thus , the most important requirements of pole vault is stressing on the developing all the special physical attributes because of its role in giving effect to the technical performance which must be available in pole vault athletes. In the light of the above mentioned , the significance of the current study lies in using special physical exercises , similar and identical , which are connected to motor track in each step of the technical vaulter's performance done on the basis of the special exercises of using various equipments to develop some physical abilities (volatile power, speed - marked power and power endurance).The problem of the study is the technical performance fall - off of pole vault activity and its fallback as it is a difficulty activity which requires muscle - neural and high motor agreement in all pole vaulting steps for a proper technique in addition to the vaulter's special physical attributes. The researcher uses special physical exercises with complicated formulae on the basis of the vaulter's technical performance with special physical and skillful attributes of the technical steps of the athletes. The study aims at : 1. Setting special physical exercises to develop the technical performance and achievement for pole vault.2. Finding out the effect of the special physical exercises to develop the technical performance and achievement for pole vault.The hypotheses are : 1.There are statistically significant differences between pre - and post - test in favor of the post tests. 2.There are statistically significant differences between post tests in favor of the experimental group. The study is limited to : 1. Human domain : the students of college of Physical Education/ university of Diyala ; they are (10) students.2. Time domain : from 21/4/2013 to 15/7/20143. Spatial domain : the field and the chest rooms of the college of the Physical Education. The researcher uses relevant specialized references of pole vault, especially those which are related to the stages of the skill performance, the special physical exercises , special physical attributes and relevant studies The sample of the study includes (10) vaulter students from the college of Physical Education - university of Diyala. They were divided by lot into two groups ; experimental and controlling. The experimental group were trained on the basis of the research - based physical exercise, while the controlling group used the traditional ones.The training units are (24) and the period of the unit is from 60 - 90 minutes up to two training units per week. The total period is three months. Different statistical tools are used, the most important ones are : 1. Twist correlation of homogeneity.2. T - Test for independent samples 3. Development ratio calculation ( unlikeness rule ) 4. SPSS program The researcher comes up with a number of conclusions : 1. Using the special exercises leads to develop some of physical attributes to develop some physical attributes (volatile power, speed - marked power and power endurance) 2. Using special exercises leads to develop the technical performance3. Using special exercises leads to develop the technical performance.3. The aid means used helped in developing the physical attributes which is reflected on developing the technical performance and achievement.In the light of the conclusions, the researcher recommends the following : 1. Emphasizing special physical exercises when using the physical attributes for the vaulters.2. Using the aid means and the recommended physical exercises.3. Using the recommended program by the researcher in developing the physical attributes and technical performance and achievement.4. Conducting similar studies and researchers for both male and female with different age levels when training pole vault athletes.

اثر برنامج نفسي مقترح للتقليل من الاحتراق النفسي وبعض المتغيرات الفسلجية والعلاقة بينهما للاعبي كرة اليد المتقدمين == The Effect of The Program Psychology A Proposal To Reduce Burnout And Some Physiological Variables And Their Relationship To The Handball Players Seniors

Author name: جنان محمد نوروز

Supervisor name: مها محمد صالح الانصاري | رافع صالح فتحي

General topic: Sports

Specific topic: Handball

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Diyala - Faculty Of Physical Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Diyala

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت الاطروحة خمسة ابواب : اذ تطرقت الباحثة في الباب الاول الى اهمية العلوم النفسية وارتباطها بالعلوم الفسلجية لان تداخل هذين العلمين يعد ذو اهمية عالية لرفع مستوى الاداء الرياضي، اما مشكلة البحث فتكمن وصول اللاعبين الى ظاهرة الاحتراق النفسي الناتج عن | CHAPTER ONE : - It touched a researcher at the first door to the importance of psychological science and its relation to science physiological because the overlap of these flags is a high importance to raise the level of sports performance, the research problem lies and the arrival of the players to the phenomenon of burnout caused by the accumulation of psychological stress, which have some of the effects of physiological inside the body rights and hence the low level of athletic performance, some coaches tend to address this weakness by increasing loads and physical and tactical skills, and lack of attention to the psychological aspects, leading to a worsening of the size of the problem and the threat to the life of the player sports.The Objectives of the research are : - 1 - Preparation of program myself a proposal to reduce burnout and some physiological variables of the handball players applicants.2 - Understand the psychological impact of the program proposed to reduce burnout and some physiological variables of the handball players applicants.3 - Identify the percentage of development in the tests reported in the tribal dimensional variables to search for the two experimental and control groups.4 - to identify the relationship between burnout and some physiological variables of the handball players applicants.The research proposals : 1 - There are significant differences in the variables in question in the tests reported in the tribal posteriori for the control and experimental groups.2 - There are significant differences in the post tests for variables in question between the control and experimental groups.3 - There are differences in the rates of evolution of the research variables for the control and experimental groups4 - .There is a correlation between burnout and some physiological variables for the control and experimental groups.CHAPTER TWO : Through this door touched the researcher to general psychology and sports in addition to the psychological pressure and the stages of the process of psychological pressure and combustion of an athlete and then burnout and concept in the field of sports and its relationship to psychological pressures and burnout as a case associated with the pressure and the sources and causes and symptoms and theories that explain the combustion and the methods proposed to prevent it in addition to the variables hormones and biochemical such as salts and functional variables such as pulse , blood pressure and percentage of oxygen in the blood in addition to previous studies.CHAPTER THREE : - the researcher used the experimental method for the suitability of the research problem, objectives, and the research sample handball players applicants number (14) players were selected in a deliberate, and (4) players have been testing the exploratory three on them, and distributed the sample randomly into two groups : experimental and control and by (7) players per group, conducted a researcher them Parity and homogeneity, then touched upon the tests that belong to the research and pre - test and the preparation of the vocabulary of the proposed program and present it to the experts to give their comments and then conduct a post - test after the application of the program on the experimental sample for a period of 9 weeks , a researcher with the use of appropriate statistical methods.CAPTER FOUR : - offered the researcher results with analysis and discussion, was presented the data in tables and forms, the results indicate the presence of statistically significant differences between pretest and posttest for the experimental group, while there was a slight twist relatively to the control group, then the experimental group surpassed the control group in the test posttest, as well as the existence of a correlation between burnout and bite biochemical and functional variables, and this is what achieves its objectives and hypotheses.CHAPTER FIVE : The most important conclusions : - 1 - . Proposed that the program had a positive impact in reducing the burnout of players the research sample.2 - That the arrival of the players to burnout does not necessarily mean their reluctance to play a final and leave the stadiums only if certain conditions for it.And was the most important recommendations : - 1 - . The need to use the proposed program to reduce burnout on the handball players.2 - Need to examine burnout and its relationship to some other physiological variables that were not addressed in the researcher

استخدام المكملات الغذائية على وفق منهج تدريبي لتطوير القدرات البدنية الخاصة وتاثيرها على الاداء الفني لبعض المسكات لمصارعي الحرة اعمار (16 ـ 17) سنة == The Usage of Feeding Supplements According To A Training Method To Improve Special Bodily Abilities And Its Impact On The Technical Performance of Some Grips For Free Style Wrestlers Aged (16 - 17) Years

Author name: جمال محمد شعيب القيسي

Supervisor name: حمدان رحيم رجا الكبيسي

General topic: Sports

Specific topic: Wrestling

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تضمنت دراسة استخدام بعض المكملات الغذائية ( الكرياتين والاحماض الامينية ) من اجل تحقيق زيادة في الاحمال التدريبية والتي تفي بطموحات الرياضيين بعيدا عن اضرار المنشطات التي تسبب لمتعاطيها اضرارا جسيمة لذلك تعد المكملات الغذائية البديل الامن الذي لاقى رواج | Chapter One : IntroductionThe study included the use of feeding supplements (Creatine and Amine acids) in order to achieve an increase in training loads that meet the ambitions of athletes away from the negative effects of drugs which cause bad effects, thus feeding supplements are considered the safe substitute that became largely common among athletes for they are derived of natural resources. Therefore, the study attempts at setting that feeding supplements, along with a training method based on sound scientific bases, may add a great deal to the development of physical, functional and biochemical abilities and high sports achievement in addition to the importance of applying modern methods in training and feeding with feeding supplements, specifically for ages (16 - 17) years for they are regarded of the most necessary requirements in building a fortified basis of wrestlers to gain the best sporting achievements in worldly fields. 1.2 The problem The wrestling game is considered of the most games which need the energy in away that the wrestler do high effort during the training when performing training units with high tension or doing more than one training unit in one day. Also when the wrestler compete and play more than one match ,as well as his suffering from the continuous lack of weight and less recognition to the complete and balance ways for food , as a result the player can’t perform all training course syllabus in a convincing way due to his needing of sufficient energy, thus the wrestler is not to benefit of such training which leads then to a lack of effort and time economy, and also a delaying in reaching the high level of performance and gaining best results. Therefore, the researcher figures out the urgent need of studying this problem through the use of some feeding supplements in the light of a training method to Improve Some Special Bodily Abilities and Its Impact on the Technical Performance of Grips For Free Style Wrestlers to achieve the best performance for Aged (16 - 17) Years. 1.3 The TARGETS1. Using feeding supplements in the light of a training method to improve special bodily abilities and its impact on the technical performance of some grips for free style wrestlers aged (16 - 17) years.2. Finding out the influence of using feeding supplements in the light of a training method to improve special bodily abilities and its impact on the technical performance of some grips for free style wrestlers aged (16 - 17) years. 3.Finding out the influence of the training course without using feeding supplements to improve the special body abilities and their affect on the technical performance of grips for free style wrestlers aged ( 16 - 17 ) years. 1.4 Hypotheses1. There are significant differences between pre and post tests after using feeding supplements in the light of a training method to improve special bodily abilities and its impact on the technical performance of some grips for free style wrestlers aged (16 - 17) years in favor of the post test.2. There are significant variations between the post tests after using feeding supplements in the light of a training method to improve special bodily abilities and its impact on the technical performance of some grips for free style wrestlers aged (16 - 17) years in favor of the first group.1.5 Scope of Study1.5.1 Humanistic Scope : Diyala junior wrestlers aged (16 - 17) years, weight (58 - 63 kg). 1.5.2 Time Scope : The period from October/ 20th/ 2011 to Des / 10th/ 2011.1.5.3 Location Scope : Specialty training wrestling hall/ Diyala/ BaqubaChapter Two : History of Literature The researcher deals with the following themes; free wrestling and the requirements of special bodily of technical performance (grips), and the training method prepared by the researcher. A group of topics in relation to feeding supplements, their types, ingredients, benefits, the way of usage and their side effects, feeding supplements used in the study in addition to topics of vital energy, energy production systems, Chapter Three : Methods and ProceduresThe experimental method is applied to solve the study’s problems, the sample is chosen in the vertical way from Diyala free style wrestling team aged (16 - 17) years. Wrestlers are divided into three groups; two experimental and one controlling with (6) wrestlers each. Moreover, the tools, methods and devices used in the study are specified in addition to setting the tests and doing an explorative experiment, then performing the pre tests to decide the sample’s level. After that the suggested training method is applied along with using some feeding supplements (Creatine and Amine acids) in addition to the feeding method, followed then by performing the post tests within the same circumstances of the pre tests in addition to the statistical tools used by the researcher to achieve scientifically accurate outcomes. Chapter Four : DiscussionThe study’s first aim, which includes using some feeding supplements according to the usage of a training method to improve some special bodily abilities and its impact on the technical performance of grips is achieved in chapter three, while the second is figured out when verifying the paper’s hypotheses. The two hypotheses are certified through statistical operations. There appeared significant differences in favor of the post test according to the first hypothesis, and significant variations in favor of the experimental group due to the suggested training method, the exercises used in it and its relying on accurate scientific bases. Chapter Five : Conclusions and RecommendationsConclusionsIn the light of the achieved results obtained through applying the field experiment and using some statistical methods, the following conclusions are set : 1. All results of bodily variations and technical performance level of grips tests were in favor of post tests. The first experimental group achieved best results, followed by the second experimental group and then by the controlling group.2. The feeding supplements used accompanied by a training and feeding method showed a clear cut impact in developing the special bodily abilities and, in turn, improving the technical performance of grips.3. Mixing creatine phosphate with amine acids helps in achieving high technical performance in activities of high tension and short time.RecommendationsIn the light of the achieved results, the researcher recommends : 1. Using creatine phosphate and amine acids composition in the training of activities falling within non - aerial energy system (phosphagenic and lacitic). 2. Making use of the training method prepared by the researcher in national team training, especially with wrestlers aging (16 - 17) years. 3. Getting use of the feeding program prepared by the researcher for national teams.4. Applying the biochemical signs, especially enzymes, when affording feeding supplements, for they form a verified signal mirroring the activity of most of the supplements in the body muscles.5. The need to increase the knowledge of trainers concerning feeding supplements and the process of using them within specific activities through training courses held by central and sub sports federations.6. Setting similar studies using different types of feeding supplements in other individual or choral activities and on different age levels.7.Make a continuous tests when giving the feeding supplements to confirm the safety of the functional systems , lever and kidneys.

تاثير تمرينات خاصة مع تناول كونزيم 10 والكارنتين في تحمل الاداء وبعض المتغيرات البايوكيميائية لدى لاعبي كرة اليد الشباب == Impact of Particular Exercises With Having Konzzam 10 And Carnitine On Endurance of The Performance And Some Biochemical Variables of Young Handball Players

Author name: بهاء محمد تقي الموسوي

Supervisor name: عقيل مسلم عبد الحسين | عبد الجبار سعيد محسن

General topic: Sports

Specific topic: Handball

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - Faculty Of Physical Education

Language: Arabic

University location: Qadisiyah

First pages:

Abstract: تكمن اهمية البحث في استخدام تمرينات خاصة مختلفة والمكملات الغذائية(كونزيم 10 والكارنتين) في دعم عملية التدريب الرياضي ولا سيما في تحمل اداء اللاعب من خلال عمل هذه المكملات في زيادة مخزون الطاقة للخلايا وكذلك محاربة الجذور الحرة الطليقة التي لها دور سلبي و| Professor Aqeel Muslim Abdul - Husein (Ph.D.) & Professor Abdul - Jabbar Saeed Mohsin(Ph.D.)The importance of research lies in the use of particular exercises and dietary supplements (Konzzam 10 and carnitine) in supporting the process of sports training, especially on endurance of the performance of the player through the work of these supplements in increasing the energy reserves of the cells as well as fighting the free radicals that have a negative role and it arises through increasing the physical effort during the exercises of endurance of the performance of the young handball players. The research problem is that physical effort as a result of exercises needs a high - energy as well as the impact of free radicals on the efficiency of the player which is one factor of the emergence of early fatigue. Therefore, is it possible to supply products for energy and antioxidants to increase the endurance of the performance of the player? The researcher wants to know the extent of the usefulness through the use of these substances to develop the endurance of the performance of the player and its impact on free radicals as a support of the process of feeding the athletes. The research has the following objectives : 1 - Preparing training exercises within the program and using substances Konzzam 10 and L - carnitine to develop the endurance of performance and some biochemical variables of young handball players. 2 - Understanding the differences in the pre and post tests and measures on the endurance of performance and biochemical variables for the three experimental groups of young handball players.3 - Understanding the differences among the three experimental groups in the post tests and measures on the endurance of performance and biochemical variables of young handball players.The following hypotheses are adopted in this study : 1 - There are moral differences between the pre and post tests and measures on the endurance of performance and some biochemical variables for the three experimental groups and in favor of the post test. 2 - There are moral differences among the the three experimental groups in the post tests and measures on endurance of performance and some biochemical variables. The researcher used the experimental method in the style of three equal groups to solve the problem and objectives of the research (first experimental group, second experimental group, and third experimental group). He conducted his study on the sample of the research represented by Wasit Province handball players (youth category) deliberately. The research procedures included a withdraw of a blood sample to measure the blood picture to make sure of the safety of the players and that they are free of diseases and then analyze the research variables represented by (GOT, GPT, GSH, MDH, UERA, CREATININ) and then the application of physical tests of defensive and offensive endurance of the performance and the endurance of defensive - offensive performance. Then, he applied the food method represented by the supply of food supplements which are (Konzzam 10 and carnitine) and the training program represented by exercises to develop the endurance of the performance of (48) training units for (16) weeks. Finally, he applied the posttests in the same conditions of pretests. The obtained results treated statistically to extract the standard deviation, the coefficient of sprain , the coefficients of variation and (T) test for correlated and independent samples ,and (F) test to analyse the variance and LSD to find the least significant difference between the three research groups.The results had been presented, analysed, and discussed in the form of detailed tables to show the significance of differences between the pretests and posttests, as well as tables to show the least significant difference between the physical and functional variables for the three research groups in a clear manner which enabled the researcher to arrive at his goals and hypotheses and to state the results, and in doing so the researcher drew the following conclusions : 1 - The particular exercises implemented on the research sample contributed to the development of endurance of the performance (defensive endurance ,offensive endurance, and defensive - offensive endurance) for the three research groups. 2 - The dietary supplements (Konzzam 10 and L - carnitine ) as energy producers contributed to the development of endurance of the performance (defensive endurance ,offensive endurance, and defensive - offensive endurance) for the first and second experimental groups in a way better than the third experimental group. 3 - The use of dietary supplements (Konzzam 10 and L - carnitine) as antioxidants has a positive impact on improving the levels of evidences of antioxidants (GSH, MDA) for the first and second groups. The recommendations are as follows : 1 - Endurance should be given the necessary attention for it is the main base for the bearing of the player's performance. 2 - The adoption of the particular exercises which include (the physical and the skilfull side) for they have better effect in the possibility of developing the performance of the handball player. 3 - Good attention should be given to dietary supplements that help in energy production and antioxidants during workouts for they achieve a double benefit through education and how to use it securely

تاثير التقنية المعرفية الادراكية (CogniPLUS) في تطوير النضج الانفعالي وبعض المتغيرات الفسيولوجية المصاحبة ودقة الاداء الدفاعي للاعبين الشباب بالكرة الطائرة == The Effect of Using Cognitive Perception Technique On Developing Emotional Maturation And Physiological Variables And The Accuracy of Defense Performance In Youth Volleyball Players

Author name: جنان ناجي زوين الجبوري

Supervisor name: مؤيد عبد علي الطائي

General topic: Sports

Specific topic: Volleyball

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Babylon - Faculty Of Physical Education

Language: Arabic

Full text from the source: https://basicedu.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/777/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3/%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9%20%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%8A%202013.rar

University location: Babylon

First pages:

Abstract: Chapter one (Introduction) : This chapter consisted of the introduction and the importance of the study. The importance lies in Cogniplus which is one of rehabilitation psychology techniques that mixes cognitive abilities with computer skills. This technique diagnoses, rehabilitate and develop emotional maturation. This technique using computer according to session system will improve the development of emotional maturation of youth volleyball players through a set of psychological tests.The problem of the study : The lack of interest in the psychological and physiological aspect that are based on modern systems using computers in diagnosing, treating and developing the psychological conditions of athletes using Cogniplus. This technique has a great effect on te accuracy of youth volleyball playersAims of the Study : 1. Identifying the effect of CogniPlus in developing emotional maturation and some physiological variables in youth volleyball players.2. Identifying the effect of CogniPlus in developing the accuracy of defense in youth volleyball players.Hypotheses of the study : 1. CogniPlus has a positive effect on developing emotional maturation and some physiological variables in youth volleyball players.3.CogniPlus has a positive effect in developing the accuracy of defense in youth volleyball players.Fields of the study : Subjects : Youth volleyball aplyers of the season 2012 - 2013 Baghdad Club.Duration : from 15/5/2012 - 1/2/2013Place : University of Baghdad/ Al Jaderia/ Educational Studies and psychological Research Center, modern psychology lab, the indoor court of college of physical education.Chapter Three : (Procedures) : In this chapter the researcher tacked the method used in the study which is the experimental. The subject were 12 players from Baghdad youth volleyball club of the ages 17 - 19 years. The subjects were divided into two equal groups. The experimental group went through special developmental sessions for emotional maturation according to CogniPlus as well as the usual training program. The controlling group only followed the usual training program. The pretests were conducted according to Vienna testSystem for measurement and diagnoses as well as Biofeedback system on Wednesday 20 - 21/6/2012. Following that, the experimental group applied the developmental sessions according to CogniPlus starting in 26/6/2012 ended in 2/7/2012. The sessions lasted for two weeks with 8 - 9 sessions per player with 4 - 5 session per week. Skill pretests were conducted on Tuesday 24 - 25/6/2012 in the indoor court of the physical education college/ University of Baghdad. Posttests of ps ychological and physiological tests were conducted in 3 - 4/7/2012 followed by skill tests in 7/7/2012. The researcher used proper statistical methods to treat the data.Conclusions : 1. CogniPlus has a positive effect on developing emotional maturation 2. CogniPlus has a positive effect in developing some physiological variables.3. CogniPlus has a positive effect in developing the accuracy of defense in youth volleyball players (reception and court defense).The researcher recommended the following : 1. Using Cogniplus in psychological and cognitive tests to develop most psychological and cognitive weaknesses like attention, concentration, perception, maturation and intelligence.2. Using Vienna Test System for diagnosing and measuring any psychological or cognitive aspect due to is accurate results.3.Using Biofeedback system in measuring physiological measurements like neruo - muscular activity, etc.

المناخ التنظيمي وعلاقته في تحقيق الرضا والاداء الوظيفي لمدرسي التربية الرياضية وفقا لبعض المتغيرات == Organizational Climate And Its Relation With Attainting Satisfaction And Performance Career For Teachers of Physical Education According To Some Variables

Author name: ماجدة عبد الاله عبد الستار الحياني

Supervisor name: نوال مهدي العبيدي | لمى سمير الشيخلي

General topic: Sports

Specific topic: Physical Education

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: تكمن اهمية البحث في : دراسة المناخ التنظيمي السائد بمجالاته المختلفة في المداراس الاعدادية ببغداد ودوره بتحقيق الرضا والاداء الوظيفي لمدرسي التربية الرياضية بعدهم الشريحة المهمة التي تسهم في خلق شباب واعي فضلا عن معرفة دور المتغيرات الاخرى، ومنها : ( الجنس | The importance of research is the organizational climate with different fields in secondary schools of Baghdad and its role to attain stratification and performance career for teachers of physical education who consider them to create apperception of youth , knowing the role of other variables out of ( gender/place of work/period of service)of different view of sample of three of variables(Organizational climate, satisfaction career and performance career ,the researcher treats some administrative problems that leads to flooding the requirements of teachers in order to make great environment to performed activities. The researcher tries to enrich the library with studies of this subject.The Problem of Research : The summary of problem there is difference views of teachers in satisfaction of career that they work also the differences of performance of career. As the researcher is one of that official staff ,she shows the differences of Organizational climate in secondary school in Baghdad. Some of secondary schools have weakness in Organizational climate others have good Organizational climate.So these differences cause differences in efficiency and levels of work according to difference of requirements to do the lesson of in right way.The researcher get across that differences of (Organizational climate / satisfaction career and performance career) may effect with differences of variables (gender/place of work/period of service).The researcher will make this study to enrich Physical library with this subject.The researcher deals with this study with one or two variables although there is poverty in such this study locally.The aims of Research : 1 - Making Measure (Organizational climate / satisfaction career and performance career) for teachers of physical education in secondary schools of Baghdad. 2 - Knowing To Organizational climate , satisfaction career and performance career For teachers of physical education in secondary schools of Baghdad.3 - Knowing the relation of Organizational climate of secondary schools in Baghdad and attain satisfaction career and performance career for teachers of physical education.4 - Knowing The defenses of variables of research (Organizational climate / satisfactioncareer and performance career)according to (gender/ place of work /period of service)Hypothesis of Research : 1 - There are relation which have statistically significance among Organizational climate of secondary schools in Baghdad and attain satisfaction career and performance career for teachers of secondary schools in Baghdad.2 - There are Differences that have statistically significance in variables of research(Organizational climate / satisfaction career and performance career)according to (gender/ place of work /period of service) Chapter Two(Similar ,Theoretical Study) : This chapter has many scopes that deals with the subject of research ,So organizational climate , its importance ,characteristics ,elements ,programs , satisfaction career and its importance ,elements that effect on it , performance career its importance ,elements that effect on it, also the lesson of physical education , activities of school and work of teachers of physical education. Chapter three ( Programs of Research & Field Procedures) The researcher has used descriptive program as to proper to this study.The society of research is limited by teachers of physical education in secondary schools of Baghdad.The society is chosen by vertical style for two gender(male & Female) ,their number (457) teachers of physical education for year (2012/2013), Distribute of (212)schools that belong to (6)directorates ( Alkharkh Alolaa , Alkharkh Althaniaa , Alkharkh thaleetha ,Alrosafaa Alolaa , Alrosafaa Althaniaa , Alrosafaa Althaleetha) to represent original society.(133)teachers will be away.The totally of sample(major experience) is (324) teachers with rate (897,70%) from original society. The Special Questionnaire is distributed to teachers of physical education. The Special Questionnaire makes from three measures(Organizational climate / satisfaction career and performance career) after shown to Experts in order to Find validity. The data is treated by statistic means (statistic system SPSS). Chapter Four (Show Results ,Analysis & Discussion) : This chapter contains show , analysis and discussion for three measures (organizational climate / satisfaction career and performance career) The results are shown in tables to be clear to show and be easy of comparative degree.Chapter five (Conclusion & Recommendation)The researcher reaches to the following according to results above : 1 - Organizational climate is poor in secondary school in Baghdad.2 - There is performance career for teachers of physical education.3 - There is relationship positive among three measures (Organizational climate / satisfaction career and performance career).Recommendation : 1 - Be attention to Organizational climate from ministry of education because has effected ofSatisfaction of teachers inside School. 2 - Be attention to evaluate Infrastructure of establishments that belong to directorate of education by (ministry of education) in order to stand of negative fields and treat them in positive fields.3 - Make another studies to know Organizational climate of attaining satisfaction career not only for teachers of (physical education) but for all teachers with all subjects.

تحديد مسافات وفق نظام الطاقة السائد لقياس التحمل الخاص للاركاض القصيرة والمتوسطة وعلاقتها بالانجاز لناشئة العراق == Indentify Distances According To General Energy System To Measure Special Endurance For Short And Middle Distances And It'S Relation With Performance For Iraq Young Runner

Author name: وصال صبيح كريم المياحي

Supervisor name: شاكر محمود زينل الشيخلي

General topic: Sports

Specific topic: Jogging

Degree: Doctorate

University: University of Baghdad

Language: Arabic

University location: Baghdad

First pages:

Abstract: احتوى الباب الاول على مقدمة البحث واهميته التي تضمنت فعاليات الاركاض القصيرة والمتوسطة التي لها متطلباتها من الناحية البدنية وانظمة الطاقـة ونواحي فنية التي تعمل من خلالها، وتشترك جميعها في احتياجها من قدرة بدنية خاصـة ومن هذه القدرات تحمل السرعة الخاص | The researcher put special speed endurance tests which are they above or below official race distance, and manipulated these tests in a proper way to be standard tests to measure tolerance ability for special speed endurance by running short and middle distances, to help coaches and specialists to ensure training process in perfect way according to scientific and experimental study.The problems of study were : there is un agreement abut there is specific distance that will be used in training, beside used to measure ability to tolerance special speed endurance for running events, 2 - there is no specific distance (tests) to measure ability to tolerance special speed endurance, and which one is proper or important to use according to it's energy bath way.The proposes of the study were : Indentify distances to measure special speed endurance for short and middle distances for Iraqi runners age 14 - 16. 2 - Indentify distances to measure special speed endurance and it's relation with short and middle distances performance for Iraqi runners age 14 - 16, 3 - Indentify distances to measure special speed endurance for short and middle distances. The sample was Iraqi short and middle distances runners, the study was conducted between 3/21/2009 t0 9/28/2009, in AL - shab International stadium, Al - kashfi stadium and anther center provinces field. The second part of the study contained theoretical and identical studies, like Abas study (2009) that has relation with our study.The researcher used descriptive method, on sample individuals, which present Iraqi short and middle distances runners : 35 runners in 100m, 35 runners in 200m, 40 runners in 400m, 30 runners in 800m, 30 runners in 1500m.The tests that are recommended : 1 - For 100m event (80m, 110m, 120m, 130m)2 - For 200m event (150m, 180m, 220m, 230m, 250m)3 - For 400m event (300m, 350m, 450m, 500m)4 - For 800m event (600m, 650m, 700m, 850m, 900m)5 - For 1500m event (1200m, 1300m, 1600m, 1700) tests were distributed accordingly between Individuals, and on experimental days to ensure that runners will have recovery, and the time between two test was 7 days. After conducted special speed endurance tests, the result revealed that there is significant result between proposal distances when connected with performance, but in variety percentage, and the best distances were : the best distance to tolerate speed endurance event110m 100m220m 200m500m 400m600m 800m1600m 1500mThe researcher used SPSS to compare the tests results.The conclusions are : 1. It was confirm that the recommended distance is really good to measure that ability.2. All recommended timing distances were significant with it's distance, but in different percentage.3. All recommended distances were more than official distance (100m, 200m, 400m, 1500m) to tolerate speed endurance, except 800m which was less than official distance.4. We can predicted from the results to know players level in special endurance, this very helpful to coaches and athletes. The recommendations are : 1. Depending on the distance that reveal in this study, which are the best for official distances (100, 200, 400, 800, 1500m), and they are standard to measure tolerate speed endurance.2. Using these norms and standard distances to train and develop speed endurance for these distances (100, 200, 400, 800, 1500m).3. Using the testes for runners to make norm and standards. 4. Using this study on alit and women athletes.5. make another study on long distance and hurdle events and for all ages.