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تقييم خليط الكيتامين والترامادول والباراسيتامول والزايلازين كبرامج للتخدير العام بالحقن في الاغنام == Evaluating of Ketamine, Tramadol, Paracetamol And Xylazine Combination As An Injectable General Anesthetic Protocols In Sheep

Author name: علي اسماعيل جاسم
Supervisor name: ثاير علوان عبد
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Surgery
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الى تقييم استخدام الكيتامين (K)، والترامادول (T)، والباراسيتامول (P) والزيلازين (X) كبرامج تخدير للاغنام باستخدام جرعات مختلفة وطرق اعطاء مختلفة. استخدم في التجربة ثلاثون من الاغنام الكبار البالغة من السلالة المحلية (تراوحت معدل اوزانها 27.4 | The study aim to evaluate the use of ketamine (K), tramadol (T), paracetamol (P) and xylazine (X) as an anesthetic protocol for anesthesia in sheep by using different doses and different routes of administration. Thirty animals of adult local breed sheep weighing (27.4±2.46) kg were used in 6 different anesthetic protocols. The animals were divided into six groups (5 animals of each). The first three groups (without using of xylazine) were giving the drugs by IV injection in the jugular vein : G1 giving K4 and P10 mg/kg IV, G2 giving K4T2 mg/kg IV, and G3 giving K4 T2 P10 IV. In the other groups (G4, G5, and G6) xylazine were adding to the anesthetic protocol. G4 giving K4 T2 P10 X0.05 by IV route. G5 was giving K10 T2 P10 X1 mg/kg by IM route and G6 giving K20 T4 P10 X2.5 mg/kg by IM route. The HR, RR, RT, muscle relaxation, limb, and flank analgesia, and rumen movement were taken before administration of anesthesia (time 0) and consider as the control reading. Then taken at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes or till the end of anesthesia. In the IV groups (without using of xylazine), (G1, G2, and G3). The induction time was 53.2, 60, and 68 seconds, the surgical anesthesia was 2.8, 5, and 5 minutes, and the total recovery time was 4.8, 5.4, and 3 minutes in G1, G2 and G3 respectivily. The RR, and HR were increased, and the RT was decreased. The muscle relaxation was mild, and the analgesia was moderate. In G4 after adding of xylazine and giving the anesthetic protocol by IV route, the induction time, the surgical anesthesia, and the total recovery time were become 50.6 seconds, 23 minutes, and 9.4 minutes respectively. The HR, RR, and RT were increased, the muscle relaxation, and analgesia were moderate. In G5 after increased the dose of ketamine and xylazine and giving the anesthetic protocol by IM route, the induction time, the surgical anesthesia, and the total recovery time were 5, 36, and 5.6 minutes respectively. The HR and RR were decreased, and the RT was increased. The muscle relaxation was deep for 10 minutes, and the analgesia was moderate for 10 minutes also. In G6 after doubling the ketamine, tramadol, and xylazine doses, and giving the anesthetic protocol by IM route. The induction time, the surgical anesthesia, and the total recovery time were 3.6, 73.4, and 7 minutes respectively. The HR started stable, then after 15 minutes decreased sharply, The RR was irregular, with apnea, the RT was increased, the muscle relaxation was deep for 35 minutes, and the analgesia was deep for 45 minutes. In conclusion the addition of tramadol and paracetamol to the ketamine anesthesia of sheep in low doses, improve the induction and recovery time of anesthesia, without increase the duration and depth of anesthesia. Adding of xylazine to the anesthetic protocols increase the duration and depth of anesthesia. The protocol of K10 T2 P10 X1 by the IM route is the best protocol dose among the six protocols used in this study.

دراسة نسجية ,كيمو نسجية وكيمو حيوية لتاثير عقار الكودائين - باراسيتامول في ذكور الجرذان المختبرية == Histological, Histochemical And Biochemical Study of The Effects of Codeine - Paracetamol In Male Sprague Dawley Rats

Author name: اسيل كامل حميد الهاشمي
Supervisor name: عادل جبار حسين | صالح كاظم مجيد
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Anatomy and Histology and Embryos
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Veterinary Anatomy And Histology
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: صممت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة التاثيرات النسجية, الكيمونسجية والكيموحيوية للاستخدام طويل الامد لعقار الكودائين - باراسيتامول على الجرذان المختبرية, حيث استخدمت في هذه الدراسة اربع وعشرون جرذ ذكر (وزن الحيوانات 200غم) قسمت عشوائيا وبالتساوي على اربع مجاميع. احتو | The present study is performed to evaluate the histological, histochemical and biochemical effects of long term use of codeine - paracetamol drug on laboratory rats, this study performed in college of veterinary medicine at university of Basra, there was (24) male rats(Body weight 200g) were divided randomly and equally into four groups, each group consisted of six rats for which codeine - paracetamol drug was orally administered for (90) days as the following : for group (A) normal saline was administered and it served as a control group. Group (B)was administered with (8/500 mg/200g) and served as low dose group, group (C)was administered with (16/1000 mg/200g) and served as intermediate dose group, and group (D) was administered with (32/2000 mg/200g) and served as high dose group. The statistical analysis results of body weight of the long term use of drug for the treated groups showed significant decreases (P?0.05) of body weight of both(L.D) and (H.D) while the (I.D) showed no significant (P?0.05) difference when compared to the control group. The internal organs weight (liver, kidney and spleen) showed significant decreases (P?0.05) of liver weights in both (L.D) and (I.D), while the (H.D) showed no significant difference of liver weight when compared to the control group; the kidney weight showed significant increases in both (L.D) and (I.D), while the (H.D) showed no significant difference when compared to the control group. Spleen weight also showed a significant increase in both (L.D) and (I.D), while the (H.D) showed significant decrease when compared to the control group. The serum lipid profile showed significant increases (P?0.05) in the levels of (cholesterol, triglyceride, High Density Lipo - protein and Low Density Lipo - protein) and no significant difference of (Very Low Density Lipo - protein) of (L.D), while the (I.D) showed significant increases of the levels of (cholesterol, HDL and LDL) and no significant differences of the levels of (triglyceride and VLDL), (H.D) also showed significant increases of levels of (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL) when compared to the control group. The statistical analysis of the results of liver and kidney function enzymes showed no significant differences of total serum bilirubin (TSB) of both (L.D) and (I.D) and a significant increase in (H.D); There was no significant (P?0.05) differences in the level of serum direct bilirubin (D.B) among all treated groups when compared to the control group , while the (H.D) group there was non significant compared with control and other treated groups, while the levels of (Aspartate Aminotransferase AST , Alanine Aminotransferase ALT, Alkaline phosphatase ALP and creatinine) showed significant increases in all treated groups when compared to the control group. Histological results of the liver of (L.D) and (I.D) showed vacuolation of hepatocytes and dilatation of sinusoids in which the vaculation is more severe in (I.D) with early septal fibrosis, while the liver of (H.D) showed severe centrolobular necrosis, hemorrhage, dilation of sinusoids and septal fibrosis. While the kidney of (L.D)and (I.D) showed vaculation of proximal convoluted tubules and glomerular mesengial cells with minimal vacuolation in (L.D), The kidney of (H.D) showed necrosis and vaculation of proximal convoluted tubules with vaculation of glomerular mesengial cells. The nervous system (brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerve) of all treated groups showed vacuolation of nerves cells and axons, severe vacuolation in (H.D). The lung showed edema and aggregation of inflammatory cells in lung of both (L.D) and (I.D) while the lung of (H.D) showed severe edema, enlarged proliferative and aggregation of lipid laden macrophages (pulmonary lipidosis). While the heart showed mild vacuolation of myocardial muscle cells of both (L.D) and (I.D), but the (H.D) showed sever vacuolation of myocardial muscle cells. The stomach also showed mild vacuolation of gastric epithelium in all treated groups. The testes also showed vacuolation and suppression of spermatogenesis in the (L.D) and moderate vacuolation and suppression of spermatogenesis in (I.D) while (H.D) showed present of giant multinucleated spermatid with sever vacuolation and suppression of spermatogenesis. While the spleen showed mild to moderate atrophy of white pulps of the (L.D) and (I.D), (H.D) also showed severe atrophy of white pulp with mild fibrosis and the presence of hemosiderin laden macrophages and foamy vacuolated macrophages. The histochemical study of poly saccharides(glycogen) of liver and kidney showed decrease of poly saccharides composition in mid zonal area and near the central vein, while in kidney, it was present in proximal convoluted tubules and in bowman's capsules in the (L.D) and (I.D), those changes were more severe in (H.D). While the histochemical study of lipid showed increase of lipid composition in hepatocytes near the central vein and in kidney in the proximal convoluted tubules and bowman's capsules, and those lipid compositions increased when the dose increased. The electron microscope study of liver showed mild to moderate swelling of mitochondria and dilation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in both (L.D) and (I.D), while (H.D) showed severe swelling of mitochondria and dilatation with proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

عزل وتشخيص النمط المصلي O78 : K80 لاشريشيا القولون الممرضة للطيور من دجاج اللحم ودراسة اصابتها تجريبيا == Isolation And Identification of Avian Pathogenic E. Coli O78 : K80 Serotype From Broilers And Study of Its Experemintal Infection

Author name: رجاء عبد الزهرة علي
Supervisor name: علي عبد سهم المياح
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Diseases And Poultry Diseases
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: الايشريشيات القولونية مسئولة عن احداث حالات مرضية مختلفة تسبب خسائر اقتصادية ناتجة عن الهلاكات العالية وانخفاض معدل التحويل الغذائي والخسائر في اتلاف الجثث والاعضاء المصابة بعد الذبح.تم في الدراسة الحالية فحص 70عينة من افراخ فروج اللحم الهالكة او التي كا | Escherichia coli (E. coli) is responsible for a variety of diseases conditions which cause high economic losses in poultry due to high mortalities, decreased food conservation rate and condemnation of whole affected carcass or organs after slaughter. In the present study, 50 out of 70 broiler chickens which have been collected from diseased chickens were exhibited lesions of fibrinous perihepatitis, fibrinous pericarditis and/or airsacculitis. Birds with these lesions were subjected for bacteriological examination. The examination revealed isolation of 23 E. coli isolates with incidence of 46%. Concerning the virulence factors , Congo red binding activity of these isolates reveled detection of 6 positive isolates with incidence of 26.08%. Serotyping showed that out of 6 Congo red positive strains, only 3 strains were serologically typed and were belonged to the serotype O78 : K80. Detection of pathogenic E. coli serotypes was confirmed by PCR technique with specific primers for fimA and fimH genes. All these 3 isolates of the serotype O78 : K80 were reacted with these 2 genes. Antimicrobial suscebtibility pattern displayed sensitivity of these isolates to Chloramphinicol and Gentamicin and their resistance to Amoxicillin, Erythromycin and Nalidixic acid. Experimental infection has been made with this isolate. Two groups of broiler chickens were used the first at one day old and the second at 5 weeks of age. Signs, lesions, histopathological changes were revealed that the first experiment was differed from the second through the presence of pus in the bursa of Fabricius, but hemorrhage in the lungs tissue occur in two experiments.

The Role of Cyclosporine In Intra Bone - Bone Marrow Transplantation In Male Rabbits

Author name: عادل جاسب عويد
Supervisor name: Abdulbari A. Alfaris | Alaa A. AL Sawad
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Surgery
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Surgery And Veterinary Obstetrics
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: استخدم فيها 30 ارنبا ذكرا حيث قسمت الى ثلاثة مجاميع متساوية بالعدد كل مجوعه تحوي على عشرة ارانب اثنان منها تم اختيارها كواهب لنخاع العظم والثمانيه الاخرى كانت مستلمه, وكانت المجموعه الاولى هي مجموعه سيطرة وقد اعطيت المحلول الملحي الطبيعي ,والمجموعه الث | Thirty male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups as following : Group one (sham group) consists of ten male rabbits, two of them were used as donors and other eight were administered 12.5ml/kg/BW normal saline (N.S) orally for ten days. At Zero time of the experimental the collection of blood samples (10ml) was carried out on each animal from the heart (cardiac puncture) and by a sterile syringe 22 Gage needle. The (10ml) amount of blood was divided into two parts. (5ml) was deposited into tubes without anticoagulant and then refrigerated for a maximum of 12h and centrifuged at (5000 rpm) for 15 minutes these serum samples were stored in polyethylene eppendorff tubes at - 20?C Estimation of Total interleukin 2 in serum by using an Enzyme - Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The 2nd sample was also (5ml) taken for performing hematological test to measure the WBCs account and their differential, RBCs account, Hb & P.C.V. At Day10 of experimental was collecting the blood as similar procedure at zero time and did a similar examination before operation. At Day11 of the experimental an allogeneic Intra - bone - marrow injection of bone marrow transplantation aspiration method (IBM - BMT) AM was carried out and rabbits were re administered with normal saline after surgical operation until Day21 of experimental. Following that rabbits were anesthetized with Ketamine (20 mg/Kg/BW) and xylzine (9 mg/Kg/BW) intra muscular. Before bone aspiration for bone marrow histological test the smears were stained with Giemsa stain. At the end of this experimental study of there was collection of blood as a same procedure at zero time and DAY10 then made the same test to estimate of blood values and interleukin 2. Then all recipients’ rabbits were sacrificed and bled to death to obtain the Kidney and liver, which were dissected out, trimmed and processed for the histological study with used Heamatoxyline and Eosin Stain. Group two (treated with 12.5ml/kg/BW cyclosporine orally administrated) and same protocol of the sham group was applied except when using (treatment with 12.5ml/kg/bw cyclosporine orally administrated) replacing the normal saline. Group three (treatment with 25ml/kg/BW cyclosporine orally administrated) and same protocol of sham group was applied except when using (treated with 25ml/kg/BW cyclosporine orally administrated) replacing the normal saline. The results of the present study Conclusions cyclosporine effects on the bone marrow, immune system because of decrease of WBCs, lymphocytes, neutrophils and interleukin 2.The study Conclusions cyclosporine caused many adverse effects, where by it caused severe liver and kidney; therefore it was considered predisposing factor to infection with several diseases as well as it is considered the main cause of disorders in renal function renal dysfunction. The results of the present study Conclusion the surgical operation of intra - bone - bone marrow transplantation more safe than other ways of intra vinous bone marrow transplantation also the study the operation increase the hematopoietic cells

Coccidiosis In Poultry

Author name: يثرب خضر عبيس
Supervisor name: نافع صبيح جاسم
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تعتبر الكوكسيديا في الدواجن واحدة من الامراض الرئيسية التي تؤثر على اداء الدواجن المرباة تحت نظام الانتاج المكثف الذي يؤثر على صناعة الدواجن في جميع انحاء العالم، بخسائر اقتصادية كبيرة عن طريق قلة التحويل الغذائي وخفض الانتاجية. هذا ليس فقط يعيق نمو الدجا | Coccidiosis in poultry is still considered as one of the main diseases affecting performance of poultry reared under intensive production system that affects the poultry industry worldwide , having major economic losses in poultry by reducing performance and decreasing productivity.this disease not only hinders the growth of chickens but also facilitates other epidemic diseases. Coccidiosis is mainly controld by prophylactic coccidioststs administrated in the feed. However , the extensive use of these drugs has resulted in the development of drug resistance by Eimeria spp., Which causes Coccidiosis.The aim of the study was to updated the recent information of of infection,gross evaluation of the intestinal tract and microscopic evaluation of wet smear are used as routine diagnostic methods and to acquire data on the prevalence of coccidiosis and drug resistance of field isolated in chickens,Frequent use of anticoccidial drugs ,however , has resulted in the development of resistance in the Eimerian spp. Because farmers mainly rely on the prophylactic and therapeutic use of chemicals for the control of avian coccidiosis. Increasing awareness about populic health hazards associated with drug residues in food chain has also added to the constraints in using synthetic drugs for treatment and control of disease in animals and control methods according to the collected formation chickens were in danger of clinical coccidiosis , and here coccidia generated a certine degree of resistance and not easy ty control in our industry in Iraq because of that the poultry industry in Iraq is not as integrated system without strict biosecurity. The study also highlight the information on the anticoccidial vaccines are in the market with controversial efficacy.

الامراضية السمية لنابروكسين الصوديوم في الجرذان البيضاء مع الكيتوبروفين كعامل تحكم ايجابي == Toxicological Pathology of Naproxen Sodium In White Laboratory Sprague Dawley Rats (Rattus Rattus) With Ketoprofen As Positive Control

Author name: ثائر علي محسن
Supervisor name: زينب وحيد خضير | صالح كاظم مجيد
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Veterinary Medicine
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: ان الغرض من الدراسة هو تحديد السمية المرضية الدوائية لنابروكسين الصوديوم (كعامل مضاد التهاب غير استيرويدي) في الجرذان البيضاء، مع الكيتوبروفين كعامل تحكم ايجابي. لانها ذات فائدة على نطاق واسع في الحيوان والانسان، لتلقي العلاج الميداني، ومعرفة العلامات الس | The purposes of study are : first, to determine the toxicity and pathogenesis of naproxen sodium [as non - steroidal anti - inflammatory agent(NSAIDs)] in white rats in comparison with ketoprofen as positive control, as they are of wide use in animal and human, for treatment of variable disease; and knowledge of the clinical signs, macroscopic changes and microscopic changes by toxic dose of naproxen, second to observe note - 1 the histological changes in comparison with the control group (as untreated group), and note - 2 to examine the biochemical parameters in response to naproxen treatment, note - 3 where naproxen is (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. In the present study, white rats are used. Divided into five groups each group contain 12 rats; these group divided into the following manner : The first group - C, representing untreated group has been treated with normal saline only; the second group - L, representing the low dose which has received (5mg/kg B.W) of naproxen sodium, while the third group - I is the intermediate dose, which has received (10mg/kg B.W); the fourth group - H, representing the high dose, that has received (20mg/kg B.W), and finally the fifth group, representing the positive control group, has received(4mg/kg B.W of ketoprofen). The method of dosing these animals are by oral gavage which continues for three months. All the animal groups have been put in the same conditions of temperature and humidity. This study shows that the treatment with naproxen sodium has led to significant gradually increase in the body weight of both high dose and intermediate dose groups in early treatment period in comparison with the control group. In contrast, the animals which have received low dose of naproxen sodium show only minimal and gradual increase in their body weight in comparison with the intermediate and high dose. As well as there has been noticeable little increase and decrease in some value of liver and kidney enzymes concentrations(AST, ALT, ALK, Urea/Cr as treated with naproxen and positive control of ketoprofen). The study also showed that the treatment with naproxen sodium had led to clinical findings include uterine hemorrhage and still birth which specially occurs in the last period of pregnancy. Infections happen in some regions of body forming abscess in the subcutaneous tissue of neck, leg, cheek. The macroscopic findings include pallor of liver and Abscess of the liver and kidney, also there is increase in size of the spleen as a result of congestion of the splenic red pulp and minimal changes of the mucosa of the stomach. Moreover the microscopic findings include minimal hepatic periportal fibrosis , moderate diffuse vacuolation of hepatocytes, area of vacuolated degenerative centrilobular hepatocyte arround the central vein and subcapsular infiltration of inflammatory cells. There was necrosis of renal cortical tubules and atrophy of glommeruli, vacuolation of mesenchymal glomerulular cells , dilated vacuolated cortical tubules, some with degeneration and loss of epithelial in lumen and degenerative necrotic tubules. In addition there is degenerative and vacuolative changes of myocardial muscle cells, and atrophy of myocardial muscle cells; and there was an evidence of interstitial edema. as well as there is atrophy of white pulp lymphoid tissue and congested of red pulp, also there was increase cellularity of red pulp(present of macrophage cells in red pulp). Furthermore,the present study exposes that the treatment with naproxen sodium would lead to other histo - pathological changes in the stomach and small intestine include vacuolation of mucosal epithelial cells of the stomach and inflammatory cells in the serosa with noticeable presence of prominant ganglion cells in the outer zone of muscularis externa and degeneration of mucosal lining and mucosal glands in the lamina propria of stomach(glandular region). In addition there have been vacuolation and degeneration of mucosal epithelial lining of small intestine , ulceration of the mucosa in the small intestine , increase in length of the villi and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lamina properia and inflammatory cells in the serosa and vacuolation of muscularis externa. In the colon there is vacuolation (prominent mucous gland) and mix of inflammatory cells infiltration, vacuolation (increase mucous gland) and a few mononuclear cells in the lamina propria and there was increase minimal fibrosis.Either in the uterus there was thicken fibrotic lamina propria and few endometrial gland. Finally the pathological changes that have been found for high dose group of naproxen prove to be more severe than both the intermediate and low dose groups.

تشخيص فايروس التهاب القصبات المعدي في حقول دجاج اللحم في محافظة ذي قار باستخدام تقنية الاليزا (ELISA) وتفاعل سلسلة البلمرة المنعكس في الوقت الحقيقي (rRT - PCR) == Identification of Infectious Bronchitis Virus In Thi - Qar Province In Broilers Farms By Using ELISA and rRT - PCR

Author name: ظافر ياسر عزيز الفاضلي
Supervisor name: نافع صبيح جاسم
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة لتقييم مدى انتشار مرض التهاب القصبات المعدي الفيروسي في دجاج اللحم في محافظة ذي قار, قسمت منطقة الدراسة جغرافيا الى خمسة مناطق (شمالية, جنوبية, غربية , شرقية, مركزية) حيث تمت الدراسة على عشرون حقل دجاج لحم غير ملقحة اربعة قاعات من كل منط | The current study was conducted for evaluation of prevalence of IB in broilers in the Thi - Qar province, which geographically divided into five regions, (Northern, Southern, Western, Eastern and central area), twenty broiler farms without history of previous vaccination, four from each region were included in this study. Serum and autopsies were collected from affected birds after recording of the clinical signs that observed on the birds; positive serum samples that detected by rapid test were used for evaluation the antibodies titrations by ELISA technique, while the histological specimens (trachea, lung and kidney) were used for detection of histopathological changes and detection of presence of the IBV infection by molecular approach (real time - PCR). The clinical manifestation includes : typical respiratory sings of IB infections, with depression, rough feather, and assembling near the heat source, as well as some birds were found dead with mortality rate ranging between 30 - 80%. Also 96 serum samples were collected from other broiler farms as following ( 42 asymptomatic vaccinated, 54 asymptomatic non - vaccinated, 26 symptomatic vaccinated) for ELISA and real time PCR tests. The result of rapid test showed that the percentages were different among the areas of study when the southern area revealed the highest percentage (80%) among the others followed by the northern area and western (70%), then central and eastern(65%). The results of ELISA showed a high titer for antibody of IBV in all these farms in areas of the study, but the highly significant results (P<0.05) were found in the southern area(7032.2±1640.92) and then northern area (5722.18±2060.1), a less significant differences were in central and eastern areas (3188.11±742.45; 3161.8±52.6) respectively. In relation to age, the high titer of IB antibodies in total 20 farm by ELISA were recorded in 12 farms at 4 weeks of age (60%) followed by 4 farms at 5 weeks of age (20%), 3 farms at 3 weeks of age (15%) and 1 farm at 2 weeks of age (5%), while there is no recorded infection in farms at 6 ages. According to history of vaccination and clinical manifestation of tested birds, most of the tested flocks showed high level of antibody titers to IBV by ELISA technique in asymptomatic vaccinated chickens samples 38/42 (90%) followed by asymptomatic non vaccinated chickens 8 (14.8%) and symptomatic vaccinated chickens 6(23.07%). While rRT - PCR showed that 69 ( 80%) sample were revealed positive results. The most important gross lesion observed on immediately the necropsy after death were tracheal congestion, caseous exudates in the trachea, pneumonia, airsacculitis, pericarditis and perihepatitis, as well as, nephritis; while The histopathological changes were summarized by desquamation of tracheal epithelial cells and hemorrhage with infiltration of inflammatory cells specially lymphocyte cells, hyperplasia of epithelial cells with hemorrhage, lung sections showed severe infiltration of inflammatory cells mostly lymphocyte cells and severe congestion with spots of pneumonia and the histopathological changes in kidneys were characterized by tubules degeneration , glomerular distention with severe hemorrhage and lymphocyte infiltration.

الامراضية السمية لكبريتات الثاليوم في الجرذان المختبرية البيضاءSprague Dawley (Rattus norvegicus) == Toxicological Pathology of Thallium Sulfate In White Laboratory Spraguedawley Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

Author name: مازن عادل جايان
Supervisor name: زينب وحيد خضير | صالح كاظم مجيد
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Veterinary Medicine
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في البيت الحيواني التابع لكلية الطب البيطري - جامعة البصرة لمعرفة الامراضية السمية لكبريتات الثاليوم على انسجة الجسم المختلفة وبعض المعايير الكيموحيوية للجرذان المختبرية البيضاء Sprague Dawley (Rattus norvegicus). في هذه الدراسة تم | The present study was conducted at the College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Basrah to investigate the effect of Thallium Sulfate on some physiological parameters and histological changes in the Laboratory White Sprague Dawley Rats (Rattus norvegicus). In this study 48 rats were used, that were sexually mature (16 weeks age and 250±50 gm weighing). These animals were divided into four groups each group contain 12 rats. All of these groups administrated orally with : - normal saline ,0.4 ,0.8 ,1.6 mg /kg b. w. of thallium sulfate respectively for 90 days.After ending of this period, all animals were sacrificed after anesthesia by chloroform inhalation for the study. The study includes the effects of thallium sulfate on some biochemical parameters as estimation of serum liver function enzymes ( AST and ALT ) and kidney function enzymes ( Urea and Creatinine ). This study also includes the estimation of serum acetylcholine (Ach) concentration. The present study revealed histopathological effects of thallium sulfate on nervous system, liver, kidneys, eyes, skin, and testis. In addition to its electron microscopic changes were occurred on mitochondria of hepatocyes and cells of proximal convoluted tubules of kidney. The results of this study showed significant increase (P? 0.05) in liver enzymes and kidney function enzymes and acetylcholine concentration in treated groups in comparison with control group. There is also histopathological changes occurred in nervous tissue (brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve), liver, kidney, testis, eye, and skin. The ultrastructural changes showed swelling of mitochondria and also an increased in number in rats treated with 1.6 mg/kg b.w. of thallium sulfate in comparison with control group.

التحري عن اهم الامراض الفيروسية التنفسية في دجاج اللحم باستخدام فحص الاليزا (ELISA) وتقنية تفاعل سلسلة البلمرة المنعكس في الوقت الحقيقي (rRT - PCR) في محافظة الديوانية == Detection of Certain Viral Respiratory Diseases In Broiler Chickens By ELISA And Real Time RT - PCR Technique In Al - Diwaniyia Province

Author name: عباس هادي جاسم المحمودي
Supervisor name: نافع صبيح جاسم
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: تعد انفلونزا الطيور والتهاب القصبات المعدي والنيوكاسل من الامراض المهمة اقتصاديا في صناعة الدواجن.صممت الدراسة الحالية لتسليط الضوء على دور فيروسات ND, IB, AI , ومعرفة مدى انتشارها في احداث الاوبئة التنفسية في دجاج اللحم باستخدام تقنية الاستنساخ المن | Avian influenza, Newcastle disease and Infectious bronchitis are diseases that have economical importance in poultry industry. This study was designed to clarify the roles of IBV, AIV and NDV in an outbreaks of respiratory diseases in broiler chickens by using ELISA and real time RT - PCR assay in Al - Diwaniyia province , Iraq. A total of 30 commercial broiler flocks with high mortality (20 to 80 %) in Al - Diwaniyia province were investigated.Tracheal swabs and tissue specimens ( Trachea, lung, kidney and cecal tonsils ) were tested initially by rapid test for detection of Infectious bronchitis virus ( IBV ) , Influenza type A virus ( AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV).The total results of rapid immunochromatography assay showed that out of 30 flocks 28 ( 93.33%) were positive for IBV and 21(70%) flocks were positive for AIV while 4(13.33%) flocks were positive for NDV. Blood samples were collected for detection of antibodies against IBV, AIV & NDV in serum samples , the results of indirect ELISA showed that out of 30 flocks were 30(100%) gave positive result with indirect ELISA test for IBV and 23(76.67%) flocks were positive for AIV (H9 ) whereas 5(16.67%) flocks showed positive result for NDV. The result of rRT - PCR showed out of 30 (100%) flocks were positive for IBV and 23(76.67%) positive for AIV (H9) whereas 5(16.67%) flocks were gave positive results for NDV. In conclusion the high positivity in the examined broiler flocks were mainly due to mixed infections of IBV, AIV(H9) and NDV, However we concluded that IBV and AIV were most important causes of respiratory diseases in this study. Also this study demonstrated that Real time qRT - PCR technique and ELISA were rapid and accurate as diagnostic tool in early detection of IBV, AIV and NDV.

التاثيرات السمية المرضية للسايبرمثرين على بعض المعايير الكيموحيوية, وفعالية الاستايل كولين في الجرذان البالغة == Toxicopathological Effects of Cypermethrine On Some Biochemical Parameters And Acetylecholine Activity In Sprague Dawley Rarts (Ruttus Norvegicus)

Author name: طلال جبل حسين
Supervisor name: زينب وحيد خضير | صالح كاظم مجيد
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Veterinary Medicine
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في البيت الحيواني التابع لكلية الطب البيطري في جامعة البصرة لتقييم التاثير السمي للجرع المختلفه للسايبرمثرين على الدماغ والحبل الشوكي والعصب الوركي والكبد والكلية والخصية اضافة الى تاثيره على انزيمات الكبد(AST,ALT) وانزيمات الكلية (ا | The present study was conducted in the laboratory animal house - college of veterinary medicine - University of Basra to investigate the Toxicological effects of different doses of Cypermthrin on Brain, Spinal cord ,Sciatic nerve, Liver, Kidney ,and Testis and also its effect on liver enzymes (ALT and AST), kidney enzymes (urea and creatinine) ,and serum acetylcholine (Ach) in adult Sprague dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus). Fourty eight adult rats were used , they were divided randomly and equally into four groups. Control group orally dosed with normal saline for 90 days. The other three groups were dosed orally with different three doses of cypermthrin , high dose ( 64 mg / kg b.w. ) intermediate dose ( 32 mg / kg b.w. ) and low dose ( 16mg / kg b.w. ). The results showed that there were hitopathological changes of brain, spinal cord and Sciatic nerve that revealed there were a dose dependent increase in vaccuolation in nerves fibers to be affect larg number of nerve fiber in high dose and also affected few numbers of nerve fibers in low dose. Also there were changes in liver ,kidney and testis. Serum AST, ALT, urea, creatinine and acetylecholine concentrations increased significantly ( p ? 0.05) in rats exposed to cypermethrin in comparisons with control. In conclusion cypermthrin affects positivly on histopathological findings of nervous system, liver tissues and enzymes, kidney tissues and enzymes ,and Acetylcholine (Ach) neurotransmitter.

الكشف السيرولوجي والجزيئي لفايروس مرض الحمى القلاعية في الابقار في محافظة البصرة == Serological And Molecular Detection of Fmdv In Cow of Basrah Province

Author name: زينب مجيد سالم الكلي
Supervisor name: عدنان موسى الروضان
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Biotechnology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Microbiology And Veterinary Parasites
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في6 مناطق مختلفة ( شط العرب والزبير والقرنه وابي الخصيب ومركز البصره والمدينه) ممثله لجميع اجزاء محافظة البصره خلال الفتره من شهر تشرين الاول من العام 2012 الى شهر تموز من عام 2013 ولتحديد نسبة انتشار مرض الحمى القلاعيه في الابقار استخد | This study was conducted on local cattle from 6 different regions (Shutt - Alarab,Al - Zubair, Al - Qurna, Abi - Elkhasib, Basrah center and Almdaina) covering all parts of the Basrah province during the period from October 2012 to July 2013. In order to determine the prevalence of foot and mouth disease in bovine species Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay ( ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction techniques( RT - PCR) were used in the testing of serum ,saliva and vesicular fluid samples collected from clinically diseased cattle, moreover this study was also mentioned some clinical aspects of the disease.Diseased animals showed the following clinical signs : depression(92.1%),sever salivation(90.9%) ,vesicles in mouth(90.3%), fever(89.1%) , conjunctivitis(87.9%) and smacking of lips in higher rates( 80.6%).While the vesicles on teat(12.7%), lameness(36.9%)and vesicles on feet (45.5%)appeared in lower rates.The overall prevalence of this disease was(72.7%.).Of 165 serum samples subjected to nonstructural protein (NSP) ELISA screening test (ELISA CHEKIT FMD - 3ABC Bo - Ov ELISA Test ) , 120 were interpreted as positive representing (72.7%.) while the other 45samples were negative representing 27.3%.The seropositivity significantly associated with age groups (p<0.01) and sex (P < 0.01).Depending on sex of these animals , the higher seropositivity rate was observed in females (78.6%).Concerning the age of tested cattle the animals of 2nd age group (>4 - 8 years) appeared in higher rate (84.8 %) of seropositivity followed by the rate (51.7% ) of 1st age group animals(<1 - 4 years).The sero - positivity against FMDV was non significantly different(>P 0.05)among the cattle in Basrah districts and highest sero - prevalence rate was observed in cattle of Basrah center (100%), Al - Mdaina (77.8%), Shut - Alarab(76.3%) and Abi - Elkhasib (70%).The lower sero - positivity rate was observed in Qurna(58.8%)and Zubair (50%) cattle.RT - PCR detection of FMDV for primary and serotype specific diagnosis was used. of eighty three clinically positive samples including, mouth vesicles, saliva and serum samples tested by RT - PCR, only 68(81.9%) were successfully amplified, their identification was done with universal primer sets (1F / 1R, )with expected band of( 328 bp).Of sixty eight universal primer based RT - PCR positive samples tested for serotype A - 1C562(865bp), O - 1C272( 635bp ) and Asia1 - 1C505(911bp) serotypes primers, 19(27.9%) samples were found to be serotype A - 1C562 positive and 26(38.2%) were serotype O - 1C272 positive and nil for Asia1 - 1C505 serotype. The frequency of foot - and - mouth disease viral genome presence in cattle had significant differences concerning the sex (P<0.05) while the difference among age groups was highly significant (P < 0.01) in case of universal gene and not significant(P>0.05) in case of all serotypes genes. Depending on the sex effect, the rate of RT - PCR positive results of universal gene and O - 1C272 serotype gene were higher in females (87.5 and38.8% respectively ),while A - 1C562 serotype RT - PCR positivity rate was higher in males (31.6% ).Different rates of RT - PCR positivity was observed in the two age groups of cattle and the second age group(>4 - 8 year) showed higher rate of positivity as a follow : (universal primer (90.7%),O - 1C272 serotype primer( 40.8%) and A - 1C562 serotype primer(34.7% ).In the studied regions of Basrah province , the FMDV genes were significantly(P<0.05)distributed. The rates of universal gene appearance were100, 93.3 and 83.3%of cattle in Zubair ,Qurna and Shutt - Alarab respectively. The serotype A - 1C562 was distributed in higher rate ( 100 and 40%) of Zubair and Al - Mdaina cattle respectively , while the serotype O - 1C272 was observed in higher distribution rate in cattle of Abi - Elkhasib (44.4%) and Qurna(42.9%), so there is significant differences ((P<0.05) according to distribution of serotypes of FMDV of regions of Basrah province.

دراسة سريرية وتشخيصية لنقص بعض العناصر النادرة في الاغنام في البصرة == Clinical And Diagnostic Study For Some Trace Elements In Sheep In Basra

Author name: بهجة غسان طالب
Supervisor name: اسراء عبد الودود السعد
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Internal and Preventive Medicine
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Veterinary Internal Medicine And Preventive Medicine
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: صممت هذه الدراسة لتحديد نقص النحاس, الخارصين, والكوبالت في الاغنام في محافظة البصرة حيث تم فحص 1400 حيوان ,جمعت النماذج من اربع مناطق مختلفة (شمال, شرق, غرب, وجنوب) من المحافظة ومن خلال الفحص السريري للحيوانات, اظهرت 200 (14.2%) علامات سريريه و25 حيوان كا | The present study was planned to determine the deficiency of copper, zinc and cobalt in sheep serum in Basra province. 1400 sheep were inspected, then samples were collected from 225 sheep from different areas (North, East, West and South). 200 (14.2%) sheep showed a clinical signs, while 25 were clinically normal. The clinical examination was conducted on the sheep that were suspected to have mineral deficiency. In addition, hematological examinations were carried out including (Red Blood Cell Count "RBCc", Packed Cell Volume "PCV", Hemoglobin Concentration "Hb"), The concentrations of copper, zinc and cobalt were tested in the serum samples, and the concentration of (Superoxide dismutase "SOD" and Ceruloplasmin "CP" ) were tested as well. The result of clinical examination, showed there were alopecia (47.5%), parakeratosis (18%), diarrhea (11.5%), pale mucus membrane (49%), lacrimation (6%) and ataxia (4%). The mean value of temperature was within the normal value (39.47±0.33 C?) while there were increased mean values in pulse rate and respiratory rate (33.99±0.29 /Min and 90.48±4.53 Min) respectively in the affected sheep compared to that of the clinically normal.The hematological parameters showed significant decrease in RBCc (6.57±0.10*106/?l), PCV (19.75±0.24 %) and Hb (6.88±0.11 g/dl) compared to that of the clinically normal.The concentrations of copper, zinc and cobalt in the affected sheep were (0.15±0.00 ppm, ppm 0.73±0.03, 0.57±0.01ppm) respectively, which were less than the normal compared to that of the clinically normal.The present results revealed that the concentration of superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin enzymes in serum were significantly low in affected sheep compared to that of the clinically normal (P<0.05). The present results revealed a positive non - significant (P>0.05) correlation for copper with zinc and cobalt. While zinc was correlated negatively with cobalt.The present study has revealed that the concentration of SOD correlates positively with copper and zinc at (P>0.05). While there was a significant positive correlation between CP and copper (P>0.05).

التهاب الامعاء التنخري في الدواجن الامراضية, وطرق السيطرة والعلاج == Necrotic Enteritis In Poulry Pathogenesis, Prevention And Curative Measures

Author name: سهى نجم الربيعي
Supervisor name: علاء عبد العزيز عبد
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Diseases - Poultry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:

تاثير بعض معطلات الغدد الصم على بعض المعايير الفسلجية والتغيرات النسجية في ذكور الجرذان البالغة Rattus norvegicus == The Effect of Some Endocrine Disruptors On Some Physiological Parameters And Histological Changes In Adult Male Rats “ Rattus Norvegicus“

Author name: سارة جعفر سعدون الازيرجاوي
Supervisor name: جاسم محمد احمد الكلبي
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Physiology, Pharmacology And Chemistry
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في البيت الحيواني لكلية الطب البيطري / جامعة البصرة خلال الفترة الممتدة من 22/2/2013 الى 1/6/2013. لتقييم التاثيرات الصميه والتكاثرية لمعطلات الغدد الصم وايجاد الرابط بينهما في الذكور البالغة. استخدم في هذه الدراسة عقارين : بروبيل | The present study was carried out in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine /University of Basrah during the period extending from 22/2/2013 to 1/6/2013. To evaluate the endocrine and the reproductive effects of endocrine disruptors chemicals and find the link between them in adult male rats. This study was done using two drugs : propylthiouracil (PTU) and flutamide (FLU) (anti - thyroid and anti - androgen agents) respectively, as a model of endocrine disruptors; to reveal their effects, they were used separately and in co - treatment manner for the first time using adult male rats (Rattus norvegicus) as animal models. For this purpose the study was divided into two experiments : The first experiment : forty adult male rats weighed (146 - 200) gm were divided into four equal groups (10 rats/group). The first group (control) was administered 0.3 ml/rat of distilled water, the second group was administered (PTU) (15mg/ kg B.W), the third group was administered (FLU) (37.5 mg/ kg B.W), and the fourth group was administered (PTU+ FLU) (15mg/kg + 37.5 mg/kg B.W ) respectively, in co - treatment dose. The treatments extended for 45 days; in the end of experiment the rats were euthanized and blood was collected and stored for hormonal and biochemical parameters and some of internal organs were weighed and kept in 10% formalin for histological examination. The results of the first experiment revealed the following : 1 - A significant decrease (P?0.05) in body weight gain in 2nd and 3rd periods (The animals were weighed four times in the begining of the experiment and every 15 days till the end of the experiment) in PTU and PTU+FLU treated groups.2 - A hypothyroidism state were induced after treatment with PTU and PTU+FLU by significant decrease (P?0.05) of Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) and significant increase (P?0.05) of TSH.3 - A significant decrease (P?0.05) in testosterone (T), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) of PTU group while a significant increase (P?0.05) in T, FSH, and LH of FLU group. Moreover a significant decrease (P?0.05) in T and LH of PTU+FLU group occurred.4 - A significant increase (P?0.05) in Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) in all treatments, except in FLU no significant change has been observed in ALT. 5 - A significant increase (P?0.05) in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein in all treatment, while, there was a significant decrease (P?0.05) in high density lipoprotein in all treatments as well.6 - A significant decrease (P?0.05) in serum glucose and a significant increase (P?0.05) in total protein in PTU and PTU+FLU groups, while, a significant decrease (P?0.05) in total protein of FLU group occurred.7 - A significant decrease (P?0.05) in sperm count of FLU and PTU+FLU groups. And a significant decrease (P?0.05) in individual motility in all treatments, while, a significant increase (P?0.05) in dead and abnormal sperm was observed in all treatments.8 - A significant increase (P?0.05) in thyroid relative weight of PTU and PTU+FLU groups and a significant increase (P?0.05) in liver relative weight in all treatments, while, a significant decrease (P?0.05) in kidney relative weight of PTU and PTU+FLU groups observed. Prostate relative weight significantly decrease (P?0.05) in FLU group and seminal vesicles relative weight significantly decrease (P?0.05) in FLU and PTU+FLU groups.9 - At the end of experiment six rats of each group was sacrificed and some of internal organs has been removed for histopathological examination and it was revealed changes as follows : 1 - Thyroid gland of PTU and PTU+FLU groups show increased number of different sizes of thyroid follicles with some vacuolation of colloid. Some follicles are misshaped. 2 - Testis of PTU group, most of seminiferous tubules are normal, a little number of them suffers from dilated lumen containing little number of spermatogonia and abnormal arrangement with degenerated Sertoli cells, little number of immature spermatid in the lumen, some vacuolation in the spermatogonia and edematous of interstitial tissue, FLU group shows clear degenerative changes in the Sertoli cells, there are few spermatogonia in some tubules and clear vacuolation in the cell with empty lumen (no spermatids). PTU+FLU group show most of the seminiferous tubules contain large number of spermatogonia but there are very thin irregular lining epitheliums, and nearly disappearance of interstitial tissue. 3 - Prostate of PTU group shows clear destructive changes in the lobules of the prostate. FLU group shows misshaped acini of the prostate lobules some of them are very enlarged and contain a large amount of secretion, others are empty with thickened irregular lining epithelium. Absence of inter acinar tissue, and PTU+FLU group show irregular shape of multiple number acini of the lobules of the prostate gland filled with shrinkage prostatic secretion. Moreover, the interstitial tissue between acini somewhat thickened with enlarged nuclei of many cells in addition to degeneration of others.4 - The liver of PTU group shows flattening of hepatocyte, clear enlargement of pyknotic nuclei and disarrangement of hepatic architecture, FLU show normal central vein, engorged with blood, disarrangement of hepatocyte architecture, and enlarged nuclei of hepatocyte. PTU+FLU show engorgement of central vein with clear flattening of hepatocyte containing enlarged nuclei.5 - The kidney of PTU group shows narrowing of lumen of renal tubules, engorgement of blood vessels, irregular sizes of glomeruli and different structure of their Bowman's capsule, FLU group shows a complete disappearance of Bowman's capsule of some glomeruli. Other glomeruli shows shrinkage and destructive changes of the content. The cuboidal epitheliums of the renal tubules shows some disarrangement of basement membrane with clear enlarged nuclei, and PTU+FLU group shows an irregular shape of renal tubules with absence of walls of the cuboidal lining epithelial cells with enlarged nuclei and shrinkage of Bowman's capsule of some glomerli. The second experiment : This experiment was carried out on 32 well experience female rats. They have been mated with 16 adult male rats which remained from the first experiment; they were divided into 4 groups : The first group : Untreated 8 female rats mated with 4 untreated male rats, the second group : Untreated 8 female rats mated with 4 treated male rats with PTU, the third group : Untreated 8 female rats mated with 4 treated male rats with FLU, the fourth group : Untreated 8 female rats mated with 4 cotreated male rats with PTU +FLU. The results of second experiment revealed a decrease in number of offspring as well as reduction in percentage of fertility and pregnancy rates.

تقييم مستوى بعض المعادن في الجاموس المحلي في محافظة البصرة == Evaluation of Some Minerals In Buffaloes In Basra

Author name: دنا حسن علي
Supervisor name: محمد عبد الحسين يعقوب العامري
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Internal and Preventive Medicine
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Veterinary Internal Medicine And Preventive Medicine
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the levels of copper, zinc iron and calcium in buffaloes from different regions in Basra province /south of Iraq.Samples of serum were collected from (255) head of buffaloes, (20) multiple samples of soil from their pastures as well as (20) multiple samples of green forage grazed by the animals were also taken. Samples of serum, soil and forages were prepared and digested by acids then minerals were estimated by the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometer.All animals of the study were clinically examined to record the signs of mineral deficiency including alopecia, discoloration of the coat, emaciation, parakeratosis, abortion and abnormal gait, in addition to the vital signs(temperature of the body, pulse and respiratory rate). Two hundred seventeen buffaloes with characteristic clinical signs of mineral deficiency and thirty eight clinically healthy buffaloes which recommended as a group of control were selected while buffaloes those suspected to have infectious diseases were neglected.According to the results, the first group 38(14.9%) which was clinically healthy , revealed the highest levels of copper, zinc, iron and calcium and as the following (70.3±0.867, 154±4.459, 320±2.844) ?g/dl, and (9.9±0.106) mg/dl, respectively. The second group 217(78,4%) which characterized by clinical signs of mineral deficiency had significantly lower (p<0.05) levels of copper, zinc, iron and calcium in comparison with the first group and as the following (48.4±3.040 , 79±0.639 , 276±4.011) ?g/dl and (7.6±0.316) mg/dl respectively.It was evidenced from the examination of soil that the levels of copper, zinc, iron and calcium were (0.20 ±0.039, 0.72±0.032, 5.8±0.389 and 575.1±26.704) ?g/g respectively, and these results sign to the presence of the deficiency in copper and zinc while the levels of iron and calcium were in the normal limit of them in the soil.In relation to green forage, the levels of copper, zinc, iron and calcium were(2.3±0.269, 23.8±0.486, 25.5±0.641)?g/g, and (0.35±0.110) g/100gm respectively, and these results revealed a deficiency in the levels of copper, zinc and iron while the level of calcium was within the normal limit of it in the green forages.

التحري عن داء المقوسات في النساء والنعاج بواسطة طرق مصلية مختلفة في محافظة ميسان - العراق == An Investigation of Toxoplasmosis In Women And Ewes By Different Serological Assays In Maysan Governorate, Iraq

Author name: مرتضى شهاب جبار
Supervisor name: منى محمد جوري
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Microbiology And Veterinary Parasites
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تم جمع 291 عينة من الدم الوريدي من النساء في سبعة مناطق مختلفة في محافظة ميسان للفترة من تشرين الثاني 2012 وحتى اذار 2013 للكشف عن داء المقوسات باستخدام ثلاثة اختبارات هي اختبار التلازن الحبيبي وانزيم الادمصاص المناعي واختبار المنفايدس ثلاثة مجاميع من الن | In this study, venous blood sample were collected from 291 women in seven different regions of Maysan province during the period from October 2012 to March 2013 for detecting the toxoplasmosis by using three tests (Latex agglutination (LAT), enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA - IgG) and minividas. Three groups of women ( pregnant ,non - pregnant and aborted ) and 283 ewes which represent 18 herds from nine regions of Maysan province were selected for the study in order to diagnose the toxoplasmosis by using ELISA and LAT tests. The results showed that the ratio of Toxoplasma seropositivity in aborted women was significantly the highest (69.23%) followed by pregnant group (60.16%) by using LAT. Moreover, the ratio of seropositivity was highest in aborted women (47.43%) followed by pregnant (36.58%) and non - pregnant (26.66%) groups, respectively by using ELISA test. With Minividas assay, the results showed the highest seropositivity percentage in aborted women (26.92%) followed by the pregnant (17.88%) and non - pregnant (11.11%) groups, respectively. According to regions of the study, there was higher seropositivity against T. gondii in women in Al - Musharah subdistrict by LAT (68.09%) and ELISA (44.68%) test, respectively. However, the seropositivity by using minividas assay in three regions in AL - Majar district, Al - Musharah subdistrict and AL - Maymona district were 23.52% , 23.40% , 23.52% , respectively in comparison with other regions in Maysan governorate. The significantly high (P? 0.05) seropositivity detected by LAT (72.63%), ELISA (50.52%) and minividas (28.42%) were in women of age group > 30 years. The results showed that the ratios of Toxoplasma seropositivity in aborted ewes group was the highest (73.33%) followed by pregnant group (65.38%) after using the LAT, while the seropositivity in aborted ewes detected by the ELISA test was 40%. The results from Al - Musharah subdistrict that showed highest seropositivity against Toxoplasma by using LAT and ELISA tests were 78.26% and 39.13%, respectively. The highest Toxoplasma seropositivity in the two - years age - group ewes was 65.57% and one - year age - group was 65.30% after using LAT test, while was 32.65% in the age - group more than a year by ELISA. The statistical analysis showed significant difference (p ? 0.05) between the LAT and ELFA tests conducted for women samples, but there were no significant differences (p? 0.05) between LAT and ELISA carried out for women and ewes samples with regarded to Toxoplasma seropositivity.

تاثير نخاع العظم وحامض الهيالورونيك في اصلاح وتر القابضة الاصبعية السطحية المرفو في الحمير == Effect of Bone Marrow And Hyaluronic Acid Bioscaffold of Repair of SDFT Tenorrhaphy In Donkeys

Author name: حميد عبد غاطي
Supervisor name: عبد الباري عباس ساهي الفارس
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Surgery
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Surgery And Veterinary Obstetrics
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The study was designed to assign the effectiveness of bone marrow and hyaluronic acid to repair of experimentally induced transected of the SDFT in donkeys by macroscopical, ultrasonical and histopathological evaluation.A total of 18 clinical healthy donkeys of both sexes with the age of 2 - 3 years weighting of 70 - 130 kg (mean ±SE, weight 97.77 ± 8.11 kg), were used for this study. The animals divided randomly into three equal groups (six animals/groups), the (group A) was used as a control group. The treatment groups were classified into and the bone marrow group (group B) and the hyaluronic acid group (group C) and the animals were generally anesthetized.In all animals of this study a mid - metacarpal linear skin incision was made in the palmer aspect of the left forelimb, the SDFT then was transected transversely and then the cut ends of the tendon were approximated by (0.2) Nylon suture and skin closure by using (0.2) silk suture. In group (B), two ml of bone marrow was applied to the sites of anastomoses tendon. In group (C), use a two ml of sodium hyaluronate on the sites of anastomoses tendon.Macroscopical examination showed adhesions between the tendon and surrounding tissues which were severe in the group (A) than in group (B) and lesser than that in group (C).Histopathological findings with the group (A) showed edematous fluid and collagen fiber in 30 days postoperatively and the presence of the edema and irregular collagen fiber were observed at day 60th. In group (B) showed a marked increase in neo blood vessels (angiogenesis) and collagen fiber in 30 days postoperatively and observed a moderate number of new blood vessels and collagen fibers at 60 days postoperatively.In group (C) demonstrated a numerate new blood vessels ,the collagen fiber and edema at 30 days postoperative and the prominent fibroblast at 60 days postoperative.Ultrasonographic examination for the tendons of the group (A), 30 days postoperatively showed the presence of marked fluid in SDFT with anechoic over the site of operation (dark area) while, 60 days postoperatively there is moderate fluid the SDFT appear as area of anechoic to hypo echoic.In tendons of group (B) in 30 days postoperatively notice the presence of lesion in a tendon, which appear as hypo echoic area with slower to demonstrate evidence of healing on ultrasound. In 60 days post operatively there is corresponding longitudinal fiber, alignment grade with hyper echoic appearance of operation area. In tendons of group (C) in 30 days postoperatively ultrasonography shows the presence of moderate fluid and the hypo echoic area within the SDFT. In 60 days postoperatively notice the presence of mild fluid in the site of operation that reflected as hypo echoic to hyper echoic area.The results of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of (Bone marrow) in acceleration the process of tendon healing and reducing fibrous adhesions that occur after the exposure of the tendon to injury compared to the (Hyaluronic acid), which has the same effect but to a lesser extent

تاثير التمنيع الميسر ضد وحدات الانهبين الفا وبيتا اي وبيتا بي في نمو وتطور الغدة اللبنية لاناث الجرذان == Effect of Passive Immunization Against Inhibin - ?, ?A, or ?B Subunits On Mammary Gland Growth And Development In Female Rats

Author name: منهل جبار عبد السعيدي
Supervisor name: جبار عباس احمد الساعدي | جاسم محمد احمد الكلبي
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Physiology, Pharmacology And Chemistry
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: هنالك علاقة وثيقة بين اعضاء عائلة عوامل نمو بيتا الانتقالية TGF - ? مع توجيه الاحداث المتعلقة بالتكاثر. اجريت الدراسة الحالية في قسم الفسلجة بكلية الطب البيطري في جامعة البصرة خلال المدة بين شهر نيسان، 2013 وكانون الثاني، 2014، لاختبار دور التمنيع ضد وحد | The present study, which has been carried out at the department of physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, during the peroid extended from April, 2013 to May, 2014, has been designed to examine the role of immunoneutralization of endogenous inhibin - ?, ?A, and ?B subunits on mammary gland growth and development in primiparous female Wister rats, by evaluating serum growth and differentiation hormones, expression levels of pituitary GH and PRL, and mammary GH - r and PRL - r genes, and immunohistochemical expression of pituitary somatotrophic and lactotrophic cells, and mammary GH and prolactin.Eighty four pregnant female rats were randomly divided into four groups (21 per each). On 5th and 10th day of gestation, control was injected with saline (100?l, i.p.), Ta group was injected with inhibin - ? antiserum (1µg in 100?l of saline, i.p.), Tba group, was injected with inhibin - ?A antiserum (1µg in 100?l of saline, i.p.), and Tbb group was injected with inhibin - ?B antiserum (1µg in 100?l of saline, i.p.). Each group was allocated to 3 equal subgroups : pregnancy, delivery, and lactation subgroups was sacrificed on the 16th day of gestation, on the 1st day after parturition, and the 11th day of lactation, respectively. Body weights of females have been monitored during pregnancy. At parturition and 11th day of lactation, litters weight have been recorded. At the end of each subgroups period, females were anesthetized, dissected and blood samples were obtained for assessment of inhibin - A, - B, activin - A , - B, - AB, GH, and prolactin levels. Pituitary and mammary glangs from each female were removed for evaluation of expression levels of GH, PRL, GH - r, and PRL - r genes using qRT - PCR technique and other samples for histophysiological and immunohistochemical study.The results demonstrate significant increase in cumulative dam weight in Tba group during pregnancy period starting from 8th of gestation compared with control, Ta, Tbb groups. Litters of Ta group at parturition, revealed siginificant higher weight compared with Tba group, and no siginificant difference compared with control and Tbb groups. Litter of Tba group recorded a highest siginificant weight gain among experimental groups.Serum inhibin - A in Tbb group during pregnancy, recorded higher level among experimental groups. During delivery, the higher significant level has been registered in control and Tbb groups. During lactation, no siginificant difference has been recorded between groups. In comparison between periods, the level in control during delivery showed the higher level compared with pregnancy and lactation periods, whereas Ta and Tba groups recorded no difference between periods, while Tbb group showed significantly higher level during pregnancy and decreased during delivery and lactation. Inhibin - B during pregnancy in control females recorded the highest level among the experimental groups. During delivery, higher levels have been recorded in control and Tba groups. At lactation, there is no siginificant difference between Ta, Tba, and Tbb groups but they were significantly higher than control. In comparison between periods, the concentration in control during pregnancy recorded higher level than other periods. Ta, Tba, and Tbb groups recorded no siginificant differences between pregnancy and delivery periods but they were significantly higher in lactation period.Activin - A concentration during pregnancy and delivery in Tbb was higher among experimental groups. During lactation, there is no difference between experimental groups. In comparison between periods, all groups showed higher levels at delivery. Activin - B during pregnancy and delivery in Tbb group recorded the lowest concentration. During lactation, no differences has been shown between groups. In comparison between periods, the levels in all groups was higher at lactation followed by pregnancy period and delivery periods. Activin - AB concentration in control and Ta groups were higher during pregnancy and delivery periods, while no siginificancy was recorded during lactation. In comparison between periods, all groups showed higher levels at lactation period followed by pregnancy and delivery periods.Serum GH in Ta group during pregnancy recorded higher level among groups During delivery, the higher level has been recorded in Ta and Tba groups. During lactation, the higher level has been recorded by Ta group among groups. In comparison between periods, the levels in all groups were higher at delivery followed by pregnancy and lactation. Serum prolactin during pregnant, delivery, and lactation showed no siginificant difference between experimental groups. In comparison between periods, the levels in all groups showed higher levels at delivery followed by lactation and pregnancy.Result of pituitary GH gene expression levels in Ta and Tba groups increased significantly compared with Tbb in all of studied periods.Result of pituitary PRL gene expression levels during pregnancy increased siginificantly in Tba group among experimental groups. During delivery, the fold changes in Ta and Tba groups showed no significant difference between each other, but they were significantly higher than Tbb group. At lactation period, there is no siginificant difference between groups.Result of mammary GH - r gene expression levels during pregnancy and delivery registered siginificant elevation in Ta, whereas lactation period showed no siginificant difference between groups. Mammary PRL - r gene expression levels during pregnancy was higher in Tbb group, whereas delivery and lactation showed siginificant elevation in Ta and Tba groups.Expression of pituitary somatotrophic cells during pregnancy showed significant higher score (number of positive stained cells and intensity of staining) in Ta group among the experimental groups. At delivery and lactation, scores of Ta and Tba groups, increased significantly. In comparison between periods, in all groups, higher score has been shown at delivery, whereas the lowest score recorded at lactation. Expression of pituitary lactotrophic cells during each periods showed no difference between groups. In comparison between periods, in all experimental groups, higher score of staining was recorded at delivery and lowest score recorded at pregnancy.Expression of mammary GH during pregnancy showed significant higher score in Ta group among the experimental groups. At delivery, the score of Ta group increased siginificantly. At lactation, Ta and Tbb groups registreted no siginificant difference between them, whereas they were siginificant higher than control and Tba groups. In comparison between periods, in all groups, higher scores have been shown at parturition and the lowest at lactation. Expression of mammary PRL during pregnancy and lactation revealed no siginificant difference between experimental groups. In comparison between periods, in all experimental groups, higher score of staining has been shown at delivery, whereas the lowest score recorded at pregnancy.Histological findings in treated groups, pituitary sections reveals progress in the morphological appearance of secretory cells which appeared larger and contains profuse cytoplasmic secretory granules. Ta females reveals more proliferation and cytoplasmic secretory granules. These differences continued at delivery and retarded at lactation. Mammary glands of treated groups at pregnancy showed marked development in alveolar morphogenesis. At delivery, Ta and Tbb females showed high number of lobules and alveoli. Lactation period showed well - developed vacuolated epithelial cells.In conclusion, passive immunization against inhibin - ?, ?A, subunits but not ?B subunit, at 5th and 10th day of pregnancy, have potent role in mammary gland growth and development in primiparous female Wister rats.

التحري عن بعض عوامل الضراوة للزائفة الزنجارية المعزولة من الحليب الخام والجبن الطري == Detection of Some Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Raw Milk And Soft Cheese

Author name: عبد الكریم كاظم عبد الحسین الحسب
Supervisor name: علي حسن احمد الشمري
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Food Hygiene
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: In order to detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in food - chain especially from Cows raw milk and soft cheese with its whey, this study was designed in some regions of Baghdad (College of Veterinary Medicine, Abu - Ghraib, Al - Sadrya & Al - Radwaniyah), in which a standard isolation methods were used with some modification processing by new, modern and rapid technology tools such as chromogenic medium CNP agar and Electronic rapid Microbact TM 24E panel identification system supported by standard color differential chart and online American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) Codes; aids in rapid and precise identification, differentiation, confirmation and enumeration of P. aeruginosa isolates from raw dairy samples; as well as, detection of biofilm producing versatile morphotypes with chameleon phenomenon and fruity odour; and demonstration the activity of food spoilage enzymes (protease, lipase & lecithinase) of isolates with thermo - stability and viability in different temperatures with bitty cream and ropy fermentation phenomenon. The results profile showed : 1. Isolation of 46 (76.7%) isolate of P. aeruginosa from a total of 60 Cow Dairy samples : 30 Raw Milk samples (pooled from milk cans and apparently healthy Cows with a history of mastitis cases) as 19 (31.7%) isolates from regions of College of Veterinary Medicine, Abu - Ghraib and Al - Sadrya (10 from each region); and 30 Soft Cheese with its Whey samples (pooled from unhygienic processed cheese and containers in unclean dirty environment and apparently carrier or diseased workers) as 27 (45%) isolates from regions of Abu - Ghraib, Al - Sadrya and Al - Radwaniyah (10 from each region). Isolation percentages of oxidase positive P. aeruginosa from selected Regions in Baghdad Province indicates significant differences among regions at a level (P?0.05), in which highest isolation percent of P. aeruginosa from Abu - Ghraib as 20 (33.4%) isolates (10 isolates from raw milk and 10 isolates from soft cheese) in accordance to 17 (28.4%) isolates from Al - Sadrya (9 isolates from raw milk and 8 isolates from soft cheese), 9 (15%)SUMMARYisolates from Al - Radwaniyah (9 isolates from soft cheese) without any isolate from College of Veterinary Medicine, which may indicate good hygienic measurements.2. Segregation of isolates into two Haemolytic Patterns : Livestock type origin, lysis only sheep blood (L - type) as 19 (41.30%) isolates from raw milk samples; and Zoonotic type lysis, both blood (Z - type) as 27 (58.70%) isolates from soft cheese with its whey as high prevalence due to critical processing chain, risky carrier individuals and contaminated environment or polluted water supply. This may indicate indirectly genetic diversity and host or cross individual tropism in haemolysins - phospholipases activity according to different types of samples, regions and hosts.3. The study revealed isolation and segregation of versatile morphotypes and five pigments with fruity odor (Chameleon phenomenon) with mucoid drippy due to alginate or small colonial variants smooth or rough or both especially in isolate code M7 from mastitic milk and isolate code C27 from contaminated soft cheese and its whey. Wrinkled - Corroded green morphotypes were more evident in blood agar due to secretion of siderophore pyoverdine in order to chelating iron for activation of isolate. Motility Pattern with TTC salts was evident in all isolates with three types of motility : swarming, swimming and twitching, that noticed obviously in M7 isolate.4. New technology biochemical identification panel system (Microbact TM 24E) confirm that isolates were P. aeruginosa at level (P?0.01) after online matching with standard Remel ATCC Octalcodes bank of P. aeruginosa, in which 5 octalcodes typical and atypical were documented, that indicate genetic diversity in biochemical reactions of isolates and their morphotypes, modified microbial gene sharing protocol of P. aeruginosa with other bacteria and highly Sensitivity and Specificity of the test panel.SUMMARY5. Detection and isolation of Biofilm producing isolates by five methods, in which microtiter plate assay was the most sensitive and realizable technique while Congo red agar test detect quantity and type of biofilm production through colour of colonies (black very strong and huge, gray strong, pink moderate and white fair or non - producer). Biofilm produced in most morphotypes with pellicles at liquid interphase and ropy viscous threads (sliminess) and bitty cream especially in isolate codes M7 and C27. Small colonial variants of some morphotypes can revert to mucoid drippy variants. M7 showed unusual ropy thread of 30 cm long.6. The results showed secretion of thermo and psychro stable and labile food spoilage enzymes (protease, lipase and lecithinase) from isolates, in which versatile morphotypes showed indirectly diverse genetic ability, this may indicate variation of thermal tolerance mechanisms (heat shock proteins and biofilms formation) in isolates in accordance to time and temperature of processing, that linked genetically with the quorum sense mechanisms of acyl homoserine lactone gene regulatory region (AHL) in P. aeruginosa isolates (Stress Hardening phenomenon).7. The results showed the genetic ability (indirectly) of some isolates to resist, tolerate and proliferate in acidic environment at pH 2 & 4 especially isolate M7 & C27, while intermediate to susceptible tolerance of pH were noticed in others. This may indicate the power of electromagnetic charged net field of complex polymeric matrix of alginate exopolysaccharide layers in protecting some isolates from adverse acidic environment due to quorum sensing behavior of M7 & C27.Therefore, it could be concluded from this study that P. aeruginosa was prevalent in food chain especially from Cows raw milk and soft cheese with its whey samples from some regions in Baghdad, and Biofilm producing isolates with their thermo and psychro stable enzymes complex system and their tolerance to acidic environment stressors were more dangerous thus, we recommend monitoring these products periodically for insurance of public health.

الكشف الجزيئي والمصلي لداء المقوسات في الانسان والاغنام في محافظة واسط == Molecular And Serological Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii In Human And Sheep In Wasit Province

Author name: عباس حسن خلاطي السراي
Supervisor name: نعمان ناجي عايز
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Parasites
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحاليه خلال الفترة من تشرين الاول 2013 الى ايار 2014 في محافظة واسط للكشف عن الاصابة T. gondii في الانسان والاغنام باستخدام الطرق الجزيئية والمصلية. تم جمع خمس مئة وثمانية عينات 500 عينه دم و8عينات من انسجه المشائم و305 عينه 300عينه دم و5ع | The present study was conducted during the period from October 2013 to May 2014 in Wasit province to detect the infection of T. gondii in women and sheep using Molecular and Serological methods.Five hundred and eight samples 500 blood samples and 8placenta and 305samples 300 blood samples and 5placenta were collected from both suspected women and sheep respectively. The sera samples were separated and examined by ELISA for human and Latex agglutination test for sheep to detect the infection with T. gondii serologically, then many blood and placental tissue samples (89 blood samples and 8 placental tissue samples for women, whereas 100 blood samples and 5 placental tissue samples for ewes) were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to detect the infection molecularly.The Serological results showed that 17.8% of women were positive for the private screening ELISA detects toxoplasmosis (17 % with chronic infection and 0.8% with acute infection), it was noted that the highest rate of infection was in women who ranged in age between 20 - 29 years, reaching 19.9%, but with no significant difference (P>0.05) between the ages studied. On the other hand the rate of sheep infection by latex agglutination test with 2 - mercaptoethanol amounted to 33.33% (31.33% with chronic infection and 2% with acute infection) and most positive cases were among the ages which were equal to or more than 3 years (?3 years) with significant difference (P<0.05) between these ages. The present study indicated a lack of months effect on the distribution of parasite infection rates where these different months recorded relatively close rate ranged between 14.45% - 23.07% in women and 31.42% - 35.97% in sheep with no significant difference (P>0.05).Regarding to polymerase chain reaction test, a fragment of 399bp was amplified from B1 gene, the result showed that 6.74% and 4% of blood samples and 100% and 80% of placental tissue samples which taken from women and sheep respectively were positive to this test.

تحديد القرابة الوراثية لعزلات عراقية ضارية لفيروس مرض النيوكاســــل من تتابع القواعد النتروجينية في موروث الهموكلوتنين نيورامنيديز == Phylogenetic Determination of Newcastle Disease Virus Hn Gene Sequences Iraqi Virulent Isolate

Author name: مرتضى عبد المهدي محمد حسن المظفر
Supervisor name: هدى عبد الهادي علي النصراوي | احمد مجيد حمزة الشمري
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Common Diseases
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: يعد مرض النيوكاسل من اخطر الامراض الفيروسية المعدية التي تصيب قطعان الدواجن وتسبب خسائر اقتصادية كبيرة في صناعة الدواجن واول تسجيل لمرض النيوكاسل كمرض مشترك بين الانسان والحيوان كان من قبل العالمBurnet في سنة 1943. والهدف من الدراسة هو عزل وتحليل تسل | Newcastle disease is considered to be the most contagious poultry disease and may cause severe economic loss in the poultry industry. The first report in which Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was consider as zoonotic disease and a human pathogen that was published by Burnet, in 1943. The aim of this study was to isolate and determination of nucleotide sequence of the Hemagglutinin - neuraminidase gene (HN) of two NDV Iraqi virulent isolates. These isolates were named as Najaf isolate (Najaf APMV1/ Chicken/ Iraq - Najaf/ ICCMGR/2012) and Baghdad isolate (Baghdad ICCMGR). This work was conducted in Iraq for the first time, the reason behind it was to correlate phylogenetically between these two isolates and the NDV strains in the countries of the region. This will help in determining the source of NDV outbreaks occurred in Iraq. Both Najaf and Baghdad isolates were propagated in embryonated chicken eggs, after inoculation of 11 days embryonated chicken eggs was showed and embryos were killed in different times (more than 40 hours and less than 72 hours). To assess the activity of both virus isolates, the main features of the infected embryos that reflect characteristics of congestion and sever hemorrhage was compared with control one. Hemorrhage was markedly severed in the infected embryos and it was similar in its severity by both isolates. The allantoic fluid was harvested post infection and the agglutination activity reflected titer of 1024 for Najaf isolate and 512 for Baghdad isolate. In order to isolate the Hemagglutinin - neuraminidase gene (HN) from both Najaf and Baghdad NDV isolates, specific primers for this gene were designed. After viral RNA purification, one - step reverse transcriptase - PCR was undertaken to amplify the NH gene and isolated it from the gel. Nucleotide sequence of the isolated NH gene from both virus isolates was determined. The purpose was to focus on molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin - neuraminidase (HN) gene in both Iraqi isolates. The resulted nucleotide sequence of 647 nucleotides of the HN gene for both isolate were submitted to the GenBank database under the accession numbers KJ632972. To determine the origin of both Iraqi virulent isolates, HN gene sequence of both isolates was aligned with sequences of NDV isolates previously published in GenBank. The resulted alignment was then analyzed in terms of phylogenetic relation and variation. phylogenetic analysis of the isolated virus showed that both Iraqi isolates share significant similarity with 14 other international stains. Two strains of India origin and 12 was China isolates. The identity percentage was 99% - 100% with clustered group. Interestingly, Iraqi isolate was different from the neighbor countries such as Iran, and other Middle East countries. These results may indicate that certain migratory birds might have contributed to the distribution of NDV in Iraq. However imported infected beards from south East Asia may contribute to the current NDV outbreaks caused by foreign strain.

دراسة جزيئية مصلية وكيميائية عن الاصابة بطفيلي انابلازما مارجينالي في الابقار في محافظة الكوت == Some Molecular ,Sero - Prevalence And Biochemical Study of Anaplasma Marginale In Cattle In Al - Kut Province

Author name: علا عبد الحسين عكار الكفاري
Supervisor name: غيداء عباس جاسم الجبوري
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Veterinary Medicine
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة للبحث في انتشار مرض الانابلازموسسس بين قطعان الابقار في مناطق مختلفة من محافظة واسط وقد اجري البحث على 184 عينة دم جمعت من ابقارمشكوك في اصابتها تعاني من الحمى (°41c) , فقر دم شديد , شحوب الاغشية المخاطية ,هزال شديد وانخفاض في انتاج الحليب. و| The study was designed to investigate the prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis among cattle from various area in Wassit governorate , the investigation is performed on 184 blood samples collected from suspected cattle suffering from fever (41°C), severe anemia ,pale mucus membrane , progressive emaciation and drop in milk yield , includes (85) males and (99) females , aged < 1year to 2 - 3 years, during October 2012 to April 2013 from AL - Kut , AL - hayy , AL - Bashair , AL - Moufaqia and AL - Noamania areas to investigate antibodies against Anaplasma parasite by using indirect ELISA test and to determine the species Anaplasma marginale by using RFLP - PCR technique, also measuring some biochemical parameters to indicate the effect of the disease on liver function. Results of ELISA test showed that the rate of infection was 13.04 % , and there were different between age groups without significant difference were give 8 % , 11.25 % and 16.45 % in ages < 1year , 1 - 2 year and 2 - 3 years respectively. There was no significant differencerecorded between females that give study revealed that females were give 14.14 % rate of infection and males with 11.7 % rate of infection.The highest rate of infection was recorded in AL - Kut 17.14 % followed by AL - hayy and AL - Bashair were give 14 % ,10 % respectively and the lowest rate was recorded in AL - Noamania and AL - Moufaqia 8.33 % , 5% respectively, the study showed significant differences in incidence of disease between study districts and area in Wassit province under p > 0.05. The most sensitive method used for the diagnosis of anaplasmosis was polymerase chain reaction , DNA extraction was performed only on 24 blood samples which were positive for Anaplasma parasite by ELISA test, the extracted DNA from blood cells were analyzed by PCR and PCR - RFLP technique using primers derived from 16S rRNA gene and restriction endonuclease Bst1107I enzyme which recognized the sequence (GTATAC) in corresponding PCR product of A. marginale and cut it in the position 68, whereas the used restriction enzyme can not cut the corresponding PCR product of other Aanaplasma spp. and the result was 20 from 24 was positive for Aanaplasma spp. by PCR and 18 from 20 was positive for A. marginale. The results of liver enzymes activity showed significant increase in serum AST, ALT, CK and TBIL level in infected cattle (96.8±0.97), (42±0.52) , (406±2.06) and (0.95±0.24) respectively as compared with control (65.5±1.26 ), (21.4±0.45 ) ,( 142±14.17 ) and (0.27±0.05 ) respectively.

تشخيص وتوصيف جراثيم الاشريشيا القولونية والمكورات العنقودية الذهبية ذات الاحتمالية المرضية المعزولة من الحليب الخام للابل والجاموس بالطرق الاعتيادية والجزيئية == Identification And Molecular Characterization of Potential Pathogenic Staphylococcus Aureus And Escherchia Coli Isolated From She - Camel And Buffalo Raw Milk

Author name: اسراء تلفان عناد
Supervisor name: باسل عبد الزهرة عباس | بسام ياسين خضير
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Microbiology - Biotechnology
Degree: Master
University: University Of Basrah - College Of Veterinary Medicine - Department Of Microbiology And Veterinary Parasites
Language: English
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تم جمع 430 عينة ,215 عينة من حليب الجمال الخام جمعت من مناطق مختلفه من محافظة البصرة ومحافظات بالمنطقة الجنوبية للعراق و215عينة من حليب الجاموس الخام جمعت من مناطق مختلفة من محافظة البصرة خلال فترة ثمانية اشهر(اب 2012 - اذار 2013) حيث تم جمع الحليب يدويا | During a period of eight months (August 2012 to March 2013), a total of 430 samples were collected from 215 camel milk samples, 215 buffalo milk samples from different regions in Basrah city and other cites in southern area in Iraq. All specimens were screened for the presence of E. coli and S.aureus by cultured on MAC, EMB and MS agar media.A total of 51 (11.8 %) of suspected E. coli isolates were obtained; 23 (10.6%) from camel milk samples and 28 (13.0%) from buffalo milk samples. The study showed higher occurrence of E. coli in buffalo milk samples than camel milk samples. All suspected E. coli isolates were tested with Api 20 and 35(68.6%) were confirmed as E. coli. Staphylococcus aureus were also isolated as suspected staph, A total of 39 (9.06) were obtained; 17 (7.9) from camel milk samples and 22 (10.2) from buffalo milk samples. The study showed higher occurrence of S.aureus in buffalo milk samples followed by camel milk samples. After test the suspected staph with api test appear 27 (69.2) were confirmed as S.aureus.All the isolates of E.coli and S. aureus were tested to at least 12 antibiotics to which they were subjected. All the isolated bacteria (100%) of E. coli isolates were susceptible to gentamycin,imipenem and amikacin but resistant (100%) to amoxicillin, trimethoprim, azithromycin ,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, cefixime and cefoxitin. Some of them (50%) were resistance to nalidixic acid. Three isolates 75% were resistance to tetracycline whereas 75% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin. Intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin ,nalidaxic acid , nitrofurantoin and tetracyclin was observed among 25% of the E. coli isolates whereas 25% showed resistance to nalidixic acid. Therefore, all these isolates were considered to be multidrug resistant.E. coli were further examined by PCR technique using two pairs of primers to amplify both itsf and pai genes. The results revealed that all (85.7%) of the isolates were positive for itsf gene, 57.1% of isolates yielded amplification products with Pai - PCR gene. Staph aureus examined to presence of mecA gene by technique using pairs of primers and it was found that 51.8% of strain contain that gene. Clustalw multiple sequence alignment of icd gene of E.coli and arcC gene of S.aureus isolates and three previously reported E.coli and S.aureus was done.

دراسة تاثير مستخلص الشاي الاخضر مقارنة بالانسولين على بعض الصفات الفسلجية والتعبير الجيني في الارانب المستحدثة تجريبيا بالسكري == Study The Effect of Green Tea Extract As Compared With Insulin On Some Physiological Parameters And Gene Expression In Experimentally Induced Diabetic Rabbits

Author name: ماهر مهدي صالح العارضي
Supervisor name: حيدر عبد الكاظم نغيش الزاملي
General topic: Veterinary Medicine
Specific topic: Physiology
Degree: Master
University: University of Al-Qadisiyah - College Of Veterinary Medicine
Language: English
University location: Qadisiyah
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسه الحاليه لتحديد التاثيرات المحتملة للمستخلص المائي للشاي الاخضر200 ملغم / كغم في اناث الارانب المستحدث فيها السكري تجريبيا. استخدام 35 انثى ارنب بالغة من النوع المحلي تراوحت اعمارها 6 - 10 اشهر معدل اوزانها 1 - 1،5 كغم. قسمت الى خمسة مجاميع مت | The present study aimed to determine the effect of aqueous extract of green tea (200 mg / kg B.W) in experimentally induced diabetic female rabbits.Thirty five female rabbits with arange age of 6 - 10 months and 1 - 1.5 kg weight were used.They are divided into five equal groups.The first group used as negative control (C),The diabetes melltitus (DM) was induced in T1,T2 and T3 by injection of single dose of alloxan 100 mg /kg B.W in marginal ear vein , The T1 assigned as positive control. The T2 treated with 200 mg / kg B.W of aqueous extract of green tea for 8 weeks.The T3 treated with 3 IU/ SC of insulin for 8 weeks while the T4 was given 200 mg / kg B.W of aqueous extract of green tea alone for 8 weeks. After 5 days of diabetes mellitus induction the blood samples were taken from the same vein, the rabbits which have blood glucose more than 200 mg / dl blood consider as diabetic. At the end of the experiment blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture and the blood serum was separated by Centrifuge to measure glucose , albumin, total protein ,liver enzymes and lipid profile and histological sections for pancrease,liver and kidney were done. the Real - time PCR was done to measure the gene expression of (Ins 1) and (Ins 2) which are responsible for insulin hormone production.the results were revealed that there is significant ( p <0.05) decrease in glucose,Low density lipoprotein,very Low density lipoprotein , Triglyceride , Total cholesterol , Alkaline phosphatase , Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine transaminase and significant increase (p <0.05) in Highy density lipoprotein , albumin and total protein in T2 group compared with T1, there is non significant differences in these parameters with T3 group , also there is significant decrease in ( p < 0.05) in Low density lipoprotein,Very Low density lipoprotein , Triglycerid , Total cholesterol and significant increase ( p < 0.05) in Highy density lipoprotein in T4 group compared with all groups. The gene expression results revealed that there is significant ( p < 0.05) increase in Ins 1 and Ins 2 gene expression in T2 compared with T1.The histological study of T1 was explain that there is severe congestion in pancrease with necrosis and absent of islets of langerhans while in the liver there is congestion with large thrombus in central vein with hepatic necrosis. In the kidney there is thrombus and congestion in renal tissue and destruction in renal tubules. While in T2 most damage caused by alloxan was disappeared through regeneration of cells of studied organs

كفاءة التنظيف لمبرد XP - endo Finisher بالمقارنة مع انظمة الارواء بالتردد الصوتي والتردد فوق الصوتي : دراسة خارج الجسم == Cleaning Efficiency of Xp - Endo Finisher File In Comparison With Sonic And Ultrasonic Irrigation Systems (An In Vitro Study)

Author name: مهند غازي عزاوي
Supervisor name: جمال عزيز مهدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficiency of XP - endo Finisher, EndoActivator sonic irrigation system and the NSK Varios ultrasonic irrigation system in removing dentin debris at three levels of root canals and to compare the percentage of dentin debris among the three levels for each irrigation system. Sixty freshly extracted upper molar teeth with straight palatal root canals were used in this study. All canals were prepared with ProTaper NEXT rotary files to size X4, 1mm from the anatomic apex with irrigation of 1 ml 2.0% NaOCl between the files. After that the samples were randomly distributed into three groups of twenty samples each, irrigated with 1 ml 2.0% NaOCl, followed by irrigant activation for 60 seconds with three different irrigation systems; group one, by using the XP - endo Finisher; group two, by sonic irrigation using the EndoActivator system; and group three, by ultrasonic irrigation using the NSK Varios, then all the groups received a final rinse of 5 ml 2.0% NaOCl. After the final rinse, the roots were split longitudinally into two parts and photographed with a professional digital camera. The digital images were then transferred into a computer and opened in Adobe Photoshop CC 2015 software and the canal was magnified 200x. The percentage of dentin debris remaining at the apical level (0 - 3mm), the middle level (3 - 6mm) and the coronal level (6 - 9mm) was calculated by dividing the number of pixels occupied by the dentin debris at each level by the number of pixels representing the entire canal area. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and LSD at 1% and 5% significant levels. This study showed that cleaning the canal with the XP - endo Finisher or NSK Varios ultrasonic irrigation system resulted in significantly cleaner canals (P<0.01) than the EndoActivator sonic activation system at all canal levels. The XP - endo Finisher resulted in cleaner canals than the NSK Varios ultrasonic irrigation system at all levels, but the difference is not statistically significant (P>0.05). The apical level of all the canals showed a greater amount of dentin debris (P<0.01) compared to the middle and coronal levels, regardless of the irrigation device used.

تحليل القوى المستقرة لثلاثة انواع مختلفة من المواد الراتنجية بطريقة عملية وعددية == Static Stress Analysis For Three Different Types of Composite Materials Experimentally And Numerically

Author name: محمد وائل سعيد
Supervisor name: حكمت عبد الرحيم الغراوي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: t is important to analyze and compare the stresses induced in different composite material types during load application to know which type of composite will behave as preferred under the loading in the same circumstances. This study aimed at measuring and comparing the stress induced in Filtek ™ Z350 XT (3M ESPE) composite, Tetric EvoCeram ® (ivoclar vivadent) composite and BRILLIANT ™ NG (Coltène/Whaledent) composite experimentally and numerically.Experimental analysis included cavity preparation in the Brass block with a concave (U - shape) cavity which represent a proximal cavity preparation. This cavity was used as a mold for sample preparation. The internal line and point angles of the cavity (mold) were rounded and the dimensions of the cavity (mold) were 10mm × 10mm × 10mm (Total height of the box × Width of the top side of box × Length of the top side of box). The internal diameter of “U” was 5 mm at the base of the box. The mold was used to prepare forty five samples, fifteen samples for each type of composite material. So, three groups were prepared : Group A filled with Filtek ™ Z350 XT composite material, Group B filled with Tetric EvoCeram ® composite material and Group C filled with BRILLIANT ™ NG composite material.Electrical strain gauge (Tokyo Sokki, Japan) was embedded in composite material horizontally at the same level in each sample. Static load of 50 N was applied perpendicular to the center of the occlusal surface of composite restoration in each sample testing. The strain gauge was connected to a Wheatstone bridge with a signal amplifier which measures the strain during load application and gives the amplified signal from (0 to 4.8 volt) to LabJack data acquisition where a stream software give the final values of strain with the aid of a scaled equation of voltage. Then, the von Mises stress (effective stress) was calculated by using equations. Numerical analysis was done by using ANSYS 16.1 - (2015) (finite element tool) software that was used to create the 3 - Dimensional models represented the same materials and dimensions used experimentally. The physical characteristics of the composite models were inserted in the software which included Elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio (?). Analysis was selected in a finite element method according to boundary conditions. A mesh size and an element size were estimated during the study. The stresses were calculated at static load of 50 N with the ANSYS 16.1 - (2015) software.The data were analyzed statistically by One - way ANOVA test and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. One - way ANOVA test and LSD test results showed that there was a highly significant difference (P<0.001) presented between groups A and B, groups A and C and between groups B and group C. The Stress induced in BRILLIANT ™ NG composite after load application was the lowest stress value followed by Tetric EvoCeram ® composite and followed by Filtek ™ Z350 XT composite which was the highest stress value experimentally and numerically.

التسرب المايكروي لنوعين من القشرة الخزفية بوجود وعدم وجود الحشوة الراتنجية تحت جهاز التحميل الدوري == Microleakage of Two Porcelain Laminate Veneers Materials With And Without Composite Filling Under Cyclic Loading

Author name: ياسر علي النقيب
Supervisor name: عمار عطا الله علي السعدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Although investigators have evaluated the microleakage of porcelain laminate veneers, there is insufficient data regarding the durability of porcelain laminate veneers bonded to existing composite fillings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of porcelain veneers restorations fabricated from two types of CAD/CAM ceramic blocks bonded to teeth with or without composite class V composite filling.Forty eight sound, crack - free human maxillary first premolar extracted for orthodontic reasons were selected for this study. Teeth were divided randomly into.2 main groups, which further divded into 2 groups (12 sample each). Group A1 : IPS e.max CAD veneers with standardized class V composite filling, Group A2 : IPS e.max CAD veneers, Group B1 : VITA Suprinity veneers with standardized class V composite filling, Group B2 VITA Suprinity veneers. The class V cavities was restored with nanofilled composite (Filtek™ Z350 XT, 3M ESPE). Standard veneer preparations were made using Ceramic veneer burs system (Keramikveneers. de, Komet). All the veneers were milled by CAD/CAM technology (CEREC MC XL, inLab SW 15, Sirona Dental Systems) Composite fillings (groups A1 and B1) were sandblasted with alumina oxide.Porcelain veneers were cemented in place using light - cured resin cement (Rely Veneer Cement, 3M ESPE), Then the specimens were stored at 37? in distilled water for 2 weeks. Then mechanical load cycling (50,000 load cycle of 49 N at 2.5 Hz) and thermocycling procedure (500 cycles of 5 - 55 Co with 20 sec dwell time) were done. The specimens’ crowns were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for two days, then mounted in clear acrylic before sectioning with a 0.35 mm microtome. Microleakage percentage were recorded using stereomicroscope and ImageJ program. Results were checked for normality of distribution (Kolmogorov - Smirnov test and Shapiro - Wilk test), and were analyzed with twoway ANOVA and independent samples t - tests. Two way ANOVA shows the significant effect of type of ceramic restoration and the highly significant effect of composite filling, however, the interaction between the main factors was non - significant. The results showed that the lowest mean of microleakage percentage was recorded for group A2 (4.6058% ± 1.5091) which considered statistically significant compared to group B2 (6.105%±1.456), and statistically highly significant compared to group A1 (6.6075%±1.3259) while group B1 recorded the highest mean of microleakage percentage (7.3158%±1.38713). In conclusion, the type of ceramic restoration and the presence of class V filling both had significant effects on microleakage of porcelain veneers. IPS e.max CAD veneers had significantly lower microleakage percentages compared to VITA Suprinity veneers. The presence of class V composite filling within the cervical finishing line of porcelain veneers had a highly significant higher microleakage percentage compared to groups without composite filling.

احتمالية حدوث العيوب في عاج الجذر نتيجة لاستخدام انظمة مختلفة من مبارد النيكل تيتانيوم == The Incidence of dentinal root defects caused by different Nickel Titanium instruments

Author name: نور الدين علي سعيد
Supervisor name: ايمان محمد الزقة
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: يعد الاعداد الميكانيكي الاحيائي لقنوات الجذر احد الخطوات الرئيسية لتحقيق حشوة جذر ناجحة بسبب امكانية ازالة الاجسام البكتيرية والحطام المتراكم وتسهيل وضع حشوة الجذر داخل القنوات. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو لملاحظة ومقارنة احتمالية حدوث العيوب في عاج الجذر نتي | Vertical root fracture and crack formation can be seen in root dentin during and after endodontic procedures. Vertical root fracture is one of the most frustrating complications of root canal treatment, which often results in tooth extraction. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of different Nickel Titanium instruments (ProTaper Universal, EndoSequence, ProTaper Next and RECIPROC) on the dentinal wall in term of dentinal defects.Seventy - five straight palatal roots of freshly extracted human maxillary first molars teeth were used in this study, the palatal roots were sectioned at 11 mm from the apex and wrapped with two layers of aluminum foil, then placed in the center of elastic silicon mold. Fifteen roots were left unprepared to serve as a negative control group, the remaining 60 roots were divided into 4 groups, each group contained 15 roots : • Group I was prepared by rotary ProTaper Universal system.• Group II was prepared by rotary EndoSequence system.• Group III was prepared by rotary ProTaper Next system.• Group IV was prepared by reciprocating RECIPROC system.All canals were prepared to MAF # 40. After each file size of the (rotary files) or after three pecking motion of the (reciprocating files), the file was removed from the canal and the canal was irrigated with 1 ml of 2% of sodium hypochlorite. All files were cleaned periodically to prevent clogging of flutes during instrumentation. The canal remained patent by insertion size 15 K - file.When the instrumentation was completed, the roots were then embedded in a clear acrylic resin blocks and each root was sectioned into three levels : apical, middle and coronal. All samples were examined from coronal direction under Stereomicroscope. The number and the type of dentinal defects were recorded and classified. The collected data was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using chi - square test.The EndoSequence group showed the lowest number of dentinal defects followed by ProTaper Next group and then ProTaper Universal group. The highest number of dentinal defects were observed in RECIPROC group. Chi - square test showed that there were highly significant differences among groups (P < 0.01). The results showed a non - significant difference between EndoSequence and Protaper Next group (p > 0.05), and a significant difference with ProTaper Universal group (P < 0.05) and a highly significant difference with RECIPROC group (P < 0.01). The ProTaper Next group showed a significant difference with ProTaper Universal group and a highly significant difference with RECIPROC groups. There was no significant difference between RECIPROC and ProTaper Universal groups.

انسلاخ المبيضات اللعابي المقاس بواسطة تفاعل البوليميراز المتسلسل الكمي اللحظي كاداة تنبؤ لحصول التهاب المبيضات الفموي عند مرضى الربو المتعاطين لدواء بيكلوميتازون المستنشق == Salivary Candidal Shed Measured By Real Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction As A Predictor of Oral Candidiasis In Asthmatic Patients On Inhaled Beclomethasone Dp Therapy

Author name: نغم قطران رحيم
Supervisor name: رعد محي الدين حلمي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الربو القصبي المزمن يمثل مشكله صحيه جديه في كل العالم وهو عادة يبدا في عمر الطفوله ويبقى المريض في كثير من الاحيان يتعاطى العلاجات المستنشقه مدى الحياة.انتشار الربو القصبي يزداد في كثير من دول العالم مما يجعله احد الامراض المعيقه والمهدده للحياة باعتبا | Asthma is a serious global health problem that usually starts in childhood and continues along patient’s life and most of them have to take inhaled therapy lifelong. The prevalence of asthma is rising in many countries of the world, making asthma one of the most disabling and life threatening diseases effecting patients with different age groups and social classes with variable clinical spectrums and outcomes starting from mild to severe disabling syndrome rendering nonproductive individuals to severe life threatening and sometimes fatal disease. Those patients continue inhaled steroid therapy for long duration, considered by GINA as first line treatment , however such a treatment is associated with local adverse effects on oral tissues, and one of the main concerns is the development of oral candidiasis, a chronic, potentially invasive, infection of oral tissues with fungus candida species resulting in failure of treatment. The scientific interests about such a serious complication have been raised over the past years and debates continued as the candida is considered one of the normal flora of the oral cavity in most of healthy population, however oral candidiasis in pathogenic forms still occur in immunocompromised patients including asthmatics on inhaled corticosteroid therapy.Aim of the study1. To investigate the effect of inhaled corticosteroid therapy in form of Beclomethasone Dipropionate250 microgram/dose CFC free in asthmatic patients on salivary candidal shed estimating by Real Time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT qPCR) applied on direct unstimulated saliva samples.2. Evaluation of this shed as prediction of occurrence of oral candidiasis. Patients, Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted at Al Zahraa consultational Asthma and Allergy center - Baghdad Al Karkh Health Directorate from September 2013 to February 2014.The included patients were divided into 3 groups. Group A included asthmatic patients on inhaled Beclomethasone therapy, group B included asthmatic patients that never used any form of inhaled steroid therapy and group C was those asthmatic patients on inhaled Beclomethasone therapy who developed oral candidiasis. All patients were receiving two daily doses. The same exclusion forma was applied to choose Group D who were control healthy individuals. Each included patients and control cases were instructed to give saliva samples in the standard way and samples taken for estimation of candidal count by real time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction.Results During the study period, 698 patients were examined, however only 63 patients were included in the study. Those 63 were classified as follows : 28 patients were found on group, 28 were found on group B and only 7 patients were found on group C and 20 cases were selected in group D as a control.Group C patients were having the highest salivary candidal shed (mean=58.7x106 cn/ml) and longest duration of asthma (Mean=2718 days) and longest duration of Beclomethasone therapy (Mean=2224 days) and this was significantly higher than other groups (p<0.05).Group A patients were having the second highest rank after group C in regard of salivary candidal shed and both duration of asthma and Beclomethasone therapy. Inside each group, duration of asthma and duration of Beclomethasone therapy were associated with moderate positive correlation with salivary candidal shed (R>0.5).Age difference between groups were insignificant and age factor had no correlation with salivary candidal shed inside the groups.Discussion : Salivary candidal shed over the groups was directly related to the duration of inhaled Beclomethasone therapy and duration of asthma. They are significantly higher (p<0.01) as we go further from each group to the next, both appear as the reason behind increased candidal shed in groups A and C.The salivary candidal shed curve will gave us a very useful tool for follow up those patients on inhaled steroid therapy ,In addition , predict the risk of developing oral candidiasis and when to interfere prior to the establishment of Oral Candidiasis state as that we have noticed in the group C, in which it was recommended to stop inhaled steroid therapy and the patients would lose the benefits of the therapy.Conclusions1. Resting saliva samples with realtime quantitative PCR was a rapid and accurate tool in diagnosis of oral candidiasis.2. Salivary Candidal Shed could be used as a tool in predicting oral candidiasis in asthmatic patients on inhaled Beclomethasone therapy.3.Longer duration of asthma and longer duration of Beclomethasone therapy were associated with increased salivary candidal shed and established oral candidiasis have the highest amount of shed.4. Candida albicans are present in the oral cavity of any individual of our population

تقيم التسريب الجزني لمركبات الراتنج للحشوات الخلفية سونك فل مركب مستند على السيلورين ومركب نانوفل مستند على الميتاكرليت في : دراسة مقارنة == Microleakage Evaluation of Sonicfill

Author name: مهند احمد الحداد
Supervisor name: حكمت عبد الرحيم الغراوي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Resin composites have improved greatly since their introduction and are now the materials of choice for most of the restorations. This study was conducted with aim of comparing in vitro the marginal adaptation of three different, low shrink, direct posterior composites Sonic fill™ (nanohybrid composite), Filtek™ P90 (Silorane - based composite) and Filtek™ Z350 (nanofill composite) of a standardized Class V cavity after thermoal cycling. Sixty sound, freshly extracted human premolars were prepared with standardized Class V cavities. The specimens were divided into three groups of twenty teeth each according to the material used : Group A : The teeth were restored with Sonic fill™ posterior composite unidose capsules, Group B : The teeth were restored with a silorane - based posterior composite (FiltekTM P90), Group C : The teeth were restored with nanofill methacrylate - based composite (Filtek™ Z350 XT).After specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7 days, all specimens were subjected to thermocycling at (5° to 55 °C), then immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. For each group microleakage at the occlusal and gingival regions was estimated by determining dye penetration using scoring system under steromicroscope (10X). The statistical analysis of the results showed that, Filtek™ P90 silorane based composite exhibited the lowest mean of microleakage, with statistically highly significant difference (P < 0.01) when compared with Sonicfill™ composite and Filtek™ Z350 XT nanofill composite. On the other hand, the results of this study showed that Sonic fill™ composite exhibited no significant difference (P > 0.05) as compared with Filtek™ Z350 XT nanofill composite. Also, the results in this study showed that there is a highly significant difference (P < 0.01) in dye penetration between occlusal and gingival regions for each group

تقييم اصابة المفصل الفكي الصدغي عند مرضى الصدفية باستعمال التصوير المقطعي المحوسب للكشف عن التغيرات المفصلية == Evaluation of The Involvement of The Tempromandibular Joint In Patients With Psoriasis Using Computed Tomography For Detection of Psoriatic Arthritis Changes

Author name: منتهى فوزي صالح
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اضطرابات المفصل الفكي الصدغي تشير الى مصطلح مركب يحتوي على عدة حالات تتضمن المفصل الصدغي,التركيبات المحيطة او كلاهما.اضطرابات المفصل الفكي الصدغي هي مجموعة اعراض معقدة اكثر من كونها حالة معينة واحدة, ويعتقد انها تنتج من عدة عوامل مثل : العوامل الجينية, ال | Tempromandibular disorders is a collective term, embracing several clinical problems involving the muscles of mastication, temporomandibular joint (TMJ), or both.Tempromandibular disorders is a symptom complex rather than a single condition, and it is thought to be caused by multiple factors like : genetic, developmental and metabolic.TMDs form a cluster of related disorders with common symptoms which include localized pain, limited or asymmetric movement, and clicks or grating on opening.Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory arthropathy that affects patients with psoriasis. Psoriatic arthritis is most commonly a seronegative oligoarthritis found in patients with psoriasis and therefore occurs more commonly in patients with tissue type HLA - B27. The clinical findings for Tempromandibular Psoriatic arthritis are pain, tenderness, limitation of movement , joint stiffness, clicking as the jaw is opened or closed, difficulty in opening the mouth, locking of the jaw,and crepitations. These findings are essentially the same as for Tempromandibular disorders.• Objective of the study : • To determine the extent of tempromandibular joint involvement in patients with psoriatic arthritis.• To correlate between clinical findings and radiographic finding.Materials and method : In this study 98 patients were selected ,50 male and 48 female, their age ranged between(18 - 68)years. They were collected at Al - yarmook teaching hospital/department of dermatology during the period from ( NOV 2014 - May 2015).They were diagnosed as having psoriatic arthritis by a dermatologist according to (Moll and Wright diagnostic criteria 1973).These patients were sent to rheumatoid factor test RF to exclude the presence of rheumatoid arthritic disease, then the patients were exposed to CT scanning for the Tempromandibular joint in Al - Yarmook teaching hospital for screening the involvement of TMJ with psoriatic arthritis by the presence of any radiographic changes such as erosion, flattening,osteophyte and sclerosis in the condylar head.Results : The result of the study showed that the mean age of psoriatic arthritic patients in TMJ was (44.2) years, and the female percentage was (48.4%) and the male was (51.6%). Psoriatic arthritis in TMJ showed high significance in the unilateral side symptoms (100%) it was significant in patients with positive family history (54.8%), and non significant in the right/left ratio (41.9%). Oligo type was found in twenty six patients (83.9%) with significant p - value. Clinically, all symptoms including clicking, tenderness and tempromadibular joint pain were highly significant, limitation showed (54.8%), TMJ pain showed (64.5%) and tenderness showed (54.8%).Radiologically : CT scan showed sensitivity for erosion in TMJ (54.8%), for osteophyte (32.3%), for condylar flattening (16.1%) and for sclerosis (9.7%) while specificity for all were (100%). Association between clinical symptoms and radiological changes showed non significant correlation. Conclusions : Psoriatic arthritis of TMJ has been found oftenly unilateral (oligo type). Female/ male ratio is about 1 : 1. nearly 50% of patients were having limitation in mouth opening. Most of the patients were having positive family history.The development of psoriatic arthritis in TMJ is related to the duration of the disease. Plaque psoriasis is the most associated type with the psoriatic arthritis in TMJ. Most of patients with psoriatic arthritis show psoriatic nail changes. The most radiographic findings found in patients with psoritic arthritis was erosion in the condylar head. There is association between clinical and radiologic findings for psoriatic arthritis in TMJ.

ضبط الحواف ومقاومة الكسر لاغلفة ال Ceramill Sintron المعدنية المصممة والمصنعة بالحاسوب مكسوة بثلاث انواع مختلفة من الخزف == Marginal Discrepancy And Fracture Resistance of CAD\CAM Ceramill Sintron Metal Copings With Different Porcelain Materials

Author name: مصطفى نبيل عبد الغني
Supervisor name: عمار عطا الله علي السعدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: دقة الحواف والقوة، لاي ترميم معوض للاسنان هي صفة مهمة. ويمكن اعتبارعدم تطابق للحواف او قلة القوة سبب مهم يؤدي الى فشل التعويضات الاصطناعية للاسنان.لذلك تم اجراء هذا البحث لغرض تقييم اختلاف ظبط حافات ومقاومة الكسر لتيجان السيراميك المصنعة من اغلفة الC | Marginal fit and strength are important criteria for any restoration; poor marginal fit and low strength may be considered as a source of prosthesis failure. This study was performed to compare the marginal fit changes and facture resistance of metal ceramic crowns constructed from Ceramill Sintron metal coping veneered with three different porcelain veneering materials (Vita Master Koromikos VMK, Willi Geller Creation CC and GC initial MC). Also evaluating the influence of thermocycling on load at fracture value. The method included the use of master brass die which was milled to represent the prepared maxillary central incisor. Sixty metal copings were milled directly using Ceramill Sintron blank, then divided randomly into three groups. Each group consist of twenty metal copings, then veneered with porcelain : VITA for group A, Creation for group B and GC for group C. The marginal gap was measured before and after porcelain veneering for each group using travelling light microscope, then marginal fit changes was calculated. Fracture resistance test was done by Instron®, the master die was duplicated to sixty analogs then each analog was fixed into acrylic base. After that each crown was cemented onto the corresponding die analog using zinc phosphate cement. Ten samples of each group were subjected to compressive loading to fracture and other ten subjected to thermocycling followed by compressive loading to fracture.The result showed that GC group was highly significant different from other tested groups in marginal fit changes, whereas there was no significant different between VITA and Creation group. While there was significant difference among tested group at (P < 0.01) in fracture resistance, and the effect of thermocycling process did not significantly reduce the load at fracture for all groups.This study concluded that GC group present the least marginal fit changes, while the fracture resistance was highest for VITA group follow by Creation then GC. Thermocycling reduce load at fracture but not significantly.

A Comparative Study To Evaluate Canal Transportation And Centering Ratio At Different Levels of Simulated Curved Canals Prepared By Irace, Protaper NEXT And Protaper Universal Files == A Comparative Study To Evaluate Canal Transportation And Centering Ratio At Different Levels of Simulated Curved Canals Prepared By Irace, Protaper NEXT And Protaper Universal Files

Author name: محمد علي فاضل
Supervisor name: Hikmet A. Sh. Al | Gharrawi
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: تحضير قناة الجذر يشمل كلا من تشكيل وتوسيع المساحة اللبية بالاضافة الى تطهيرها من الجراثيم، من دون اي خطا اجرائي هو من اقصى درجات التفضيل. حديثا، في مجال تطبيقات حشوات الجذور، ادوات النيكل تيتانيوم اصبحت تستخدم بصورة شائعة لتنظيف وتشكيل قناة الجذر. ادوات ا | Root canal preparation includes both shaping and enlargement of the endodontic space in conjunction with its disinfection, without any procedural error is of the utmost preference. Recently, in endodontic practice, the nickel - titanium instruments are used commonly for the preparation of the root canal space. Nickel - titanium instruments are much more flexible than stainless steel files and have superior cutting efficiency. Super - elasticity of nickel - titanium rotary instruments allows the clinicians to produce the desirable tapered root canal form with a reduced tendency to canal transportation and instrument fracture. The target of this study was to measure and compare the canal transportation and centering ability of iRaCe and ProTaper NEXT nickel titanium instruments with ProTaper Universal instruments in simulated curved canals at different levels and compare canal transportation and centering ability among different levels for each tested instrument.Sixty simulated curved canals of 40°curvature were randomly divided into three groups of twenty canals each; the first group (group A) was prepared with iRaCe instruments, the second group (group B) was prepared with ProTaper NEXT instruments and the third group (group C) was prepared with ProTaper Universal instruments. The canals were prepared to an apical size 30 by crown - down instrumentation technique. Removal of material was measured at five different levels : at the canal orifice (O), half way to the orifice in the straight sections (HO); the beginning of the curve (BC); the crest of the curve (AC); the end point (EP). Pre - and post - operative photos of the simulated canals were taken in a standardized technique at magnification of 40X. An assessment of canals shape has been determined using Photoshop CC 2014 and AutoCAD 2014 software program. The data of canal transportation as well as centering ratio were analyzed statistically using Shapiro - Wilk, ANOVA and LSD tests.Within the limitation of this study, it is shown that canals preparation with the three designs of NiTi instruments produced canal transportation. However, the iRaCe instruments showed a significantly less canal transportation and a significantly better centering ability than both ProTaper NEXT and ProTaper Universal instruments at all levels of measurements, followed by ProTaper NEXT instruments that showed a significantly less canal transportation and significantly better centering ability at all levels when compared with ProTaper Universal, while the ProTaper Universal instruments showed the highest values of canal transportation and the worst ability to stay centered in the canals at all levels. Considering the direction of canal transportation, the iRaCe instruments showed minimal transportation towards inner aspect of canal at coronal and at the apex of curve and towards outer aspect of canal at middle, beginning of curve and at the end point of the preparation, while ProTaper NEXT instruments were showed transportation usually towards the inner aspect of the canal at middle part of the canal and towards the outer aspect at coronal, beginning of curve, apex of curve and at the endpoint of the preparation, while ProTaper Universal files were usually towards the inner aspect at middle part of the canal and towards the outer aspect at coronal, beginning of curve, apex of curve and at the endpoint of the preparation.

الانتشار والعلاقة بين اضطرابات المفصل الصدغي بين طلاب طب الاسنان على اساس معايير التشخيص والاجهاد والاضطرابات الفموية == Prevalence And Correlations Between Temporomandibular Disorders In Dental Students Based On Diagnostic Criteria (DC/TMD) , Parafunctions And Psychoemotional Stress

Author name: علا علي خلف
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اضطرابات المفصل الصدغي والاضطرابات الفموية يبدو انها مشكلة متكررة في المجتمعات الحديثة. ويرتبط الباثولوجيا السببية المفصل الصدغي الى العضلات، واقواس الاسنان، ودواعم الاسنان. وتشمل الاسباب الرئيسية على حد سواء العوامل الفيزيولوجية المرضية والنفسية وا | Bagkground : The temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral parafunctions seem to be a frequent problem in modern societies. The etiopathology of the temporomandibular joints is related to muscles, teeth arches, and periodontium. Their main causes involve both pathophysiological and psychosocial factors. In the literature, a significant impact of the psychoemotional factor is reported, comparable to the impact of other factors concerning physical health such as systemic diseases, malocclusions, loss of teeth, and traumas. Stress, fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and a fast pace of life affect negatively the human psyche.Aim of study : The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and oral parafunctions, as well as their correlation with psychoemotional factors among dental students by using diagnostic criteria (DC/TMD).Subjects, materials and methods : the sample’s size of 407 students (169 males and 238 females) of dental college (100 fifth stage , 102 fourth stage ,99 third stage and 106 second stage ). Firstly students subjected for stress questionnaire (perceived stress scale - 10) , secondly they subjected to different clinical and questionnaire measures according to diagnostic criteria of temporomandibular disorders DC/TMD (axis1) which have standerized series of diagnostic tests based on clinical signs and symptoms , finally the dental students subjected for oral parafunctions questionnaire using oral behavior checklist.Results : the results obtained from this study showed that the prevalence of TMDs was significantly greater among students with oral parafunctions. We also observed that the prevalence of TMDs according to DC/TMD was higher among students with headache.In this study, the prevalence of psycho - emotional stress , TMD according to DC/TMD and oral parafunctions were higher in females than males and in fifth stage greater than other stages.Conclusion : • the prevalence of TMDs according to DC/TMD were significantly higher among females than males.• Oral parafunctions ( bruxism , cheek/lips biting , objects biting and nail biting ) showed greater prevalence in fifth stages than others and higher in females than males • In all stages females showed greater prevalence of psycho - emotional stress than males and among students of fifth stage the prevalence of psycho - emotional stress was higher than other stages.

قوة الدفع الرابطة الى الخارج والتسرب القمي للمواد (MTA Plus, Biodentine and Bioceramic) بتقنية حشوة ثلث القمي للجذر : دراسة مختبرية == Push - Out Bond Strength And Apical Microleakage of (Mta Plus, Biodentine, And Bioceramic)As Apical Third Filling (An In Vitro Study)

Author name: عبير علي عباس
Supervisor name: جمال عزيز مهدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هده الدراسة المختبرية لتقيم قدرة ختم لثلاث مواد استعملت ( بتقنة حشوة ثلث القمي لقناة الجذر ) باستعمال اختبار قوة الربط الدفع الى الخارج ودراسة التسرب القمي.ستين جذر حلقي الاسنان العلوية ذو قناة مستقيمة ذات فتحة قمية مكتملة التكوين مختارة بعناية وفق | This study was conducted to evaluate the sealing ability of three materials used as apical third filling by using push - out bond strength test and apical microleakage study.Sixty straight palatal roots of freshly extracted maxillary first molars were selected. All teeth had mature apices, selected carefully according to specific criteria. The roots were instrumented using crown down technique with rotary Protaper universal system, instrumentation were done with 5ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite used as irrigation between files, 17% buffered solution of EDTA was used as final irrigant followed by 2.5% sodium hypochlorite then 10ml distilled water to remove any remnant of irrigant. Roots were randomly divided into three groups according to the filling materials used ( twenty roots for each group) : Group (1) : MTA Plus ( 4mm thickness) using as apical third filling. Group (2) : Biodentine (4mm thickness) using as apical third filling.Group (3) : Bioceramic root repair material (4mm thickness) using as apical third filling.Easy and Quick (E&Q) obturation system were used to complete obturation of roots. After incubation period at 37 °C for three days. Ten roots from each group were used for push - out test, after root were embedded in clear acrylic resin, sectioned at apical level in 2mm and 4mm from root apex to provide slice 2mm in thickness. The bond strength was measured using computerized universal testing machine, each section fixed in the machine so that the load applied from apical to coronal direction at 0.5mm/min speed and the computer drew curve to show the higher bond force before dislodgment of the filling material. These force were divided by surface area to obtain the bond strength in MPa.After debonding each sample was examined under Stereomicroscope and the type of failure mode was recorded. The result showed non significant different between Biodentine group and MTA Plus group. Biodentine group showed a very high significant difference with Bioceramic material group. Also high significant difference between MTA Plus group and Bioceramic material group. The Biodentine group showed highest mean of bond strength in comparison to other test group.Ten roots remain from each group used for apical microleakage study. The roots submerged in 2% methylene blue for three days. The roots were cleared and the degree of linear dye penetration was measured in millimeter by stereomicroscope under 40 X magnification with calibrated scale ocular grid. The result showed the Biodentine group lowest mean of microleakage than other group while Bioceramic material group showed high mean of microleakage than other groups. There are no significant difference among groups. There is positive correlation between push - out bond strength and an apical dye penetration in microleakage for each group of material.

فشل القشور الخزفية المصنوعه من السيراميك باستخدام تقنيات اللصق المختلفة : دراسة مقارنة مختبرية == Failures of Porcelain Laminate Veneers Using Different Techniques of Bonding (A Comparative In Vitro Study)

Author name: صفا عدنان كعيد
Supervisor name: عمار عطا الله علي السعدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Esthetic dentistry as a concept and adhesive materials development as a functional element make the new dawn of dentistry especially with the continuous development of adhesive techniques. This study is to evaluate the failure patterns of porcelain laminate veneers used to esthetically restore maxillary first premolar by bonding them to enamel and dentin with two different techniques.Forty eight extracted human maxillary first premolar were used for this study. Teeth were divided randomly into one control group and three experimental groups of twelve teeth eachGroup (A) were prepared in enamel (0.5 mm) depth of preparation. Group (B) were prepared in dentin (1 mm) depth of preparation and their veneers were bonded by DDS technique. Group (C) were prepared in dentin (1 mm) depth of preparation and their veneers were bonded by IDS technique. Standard preparation for each tooth in the experimental groups with ceramic veneer set burs especially designed for laminate veneer preparation. All the experimental groups were restored with the same type of veneer which was lithium disilicate ceramic CAD/CAM blocks (IPS e. max CAD, ivoclar vivadent) and were milled by CAD/CAM technology (CEREC inLab 4.02 milling system, Sirona).For all the experimental groups, Choice™2 veneer cement (Bisco, USA) was used for the luting of veneers. After cementation, teeth were stored in distilled water in 37°C for one week. The specimens were loaded to failure using instron universal testing machine. Specimens in experimental groups were examined by stereomicroscope at magnification of 20x to evaluate the mode of failure.Results were statistically analyzed and showed that the highest mean of failure load was recorded for the control group (548.1 N ± 93.2), for group (A) the mean of failure load was (393.4 N ± 84.2), and for Group (B) had the mean of failureAbstract IIIload was (237.8 N ± 91.6), and for group (C) the mean of failure load was (318 N ± 82.2).The one way ANOVA test was carried out and showed that there is a statistically high significant difference among the groups.Then the LSD test have shown that there is a statistically high significant difference between the control group and all three of the experimental groups, and there was a statistical high significant difference between group (A) and group (B), while group (C) have shown that there is a statistical significant difference with groups (A) and (B).The mode of failure varied from only debonding in groups (B and C) to deboning and fracture in group A.In conclusion, this study found that although enamel is still the most favorable tooth substrate for indirect adhesive restorations, the development of bonding techniques like IDS made dentin as acceptable tooth substrate for indirect adhesive restorations when it's unavoidable.

تقييم صحة الفم والبروتينات اللعابية لدى المرضى المصابين بمرض باركنسن == Assessment of The Oral Health And Saliva Proteins In Patients With Parkinsons Disease

Author name: صباح فرحان مشتت
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله | مروان صالح النمر
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Background : Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder related to the loss or absence of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The deficits caused by PD result in slowness of movement, tremor, rigidity, and dysfunction of behavior and these symptoms negatively influence the patient’s capability to carry out the daily oral hygiene manoeuvres.Aims of study : This study aims at using saliva as a biological fluid for assessment in detecting the biomarkers of Parkinson's disease and to assess the impact of this disease on the oral health of patients.Materials and methods : A total number of fourty participants were involved in the study; twenty subjects who appeared healthy (Group I) and twenty Parkinson's patients (Group II). Patients who are eligible for this study were cases of Parkinson's disease treated with anti - Parkinson's medications, both genders and their ages ranged from 40 - 75 years. Specific information related to the demographic characteristics and illness is obtained from each patient. The Brain Bank Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson’s disease established by United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society was used. Each patient was subjected to oral examination during which DMF index was scored, oral health impact Profile OHIP - 14 was used and from each participant the whole unstimulated saliva was collected for biochemical analysis including total salivary protein, direct determination of saliva proteins and determination of ? - synuclein. Results : many oral and clinical signs and symptoms elsewhere in the body were reported in the patient with Parkinson's disease while the clinical features of Parkinson's disease observed in all patients despite of their treatment. Static tremor observed in 100%, rigidity in 70%, disturbances in the autonomic nervous system reflected on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, orthostatic dizziness observed in 75%, dry mouth in 65% difficulties in swallowing in 40% and constipation in 70%. Teeth examination revealed that Parkinson's patients have a non - significant high means of decay and missing teeth compared with healthy subjects. The total saliva protein in Parkinson's patients is significantly higher than the corresponding value of healthy subjects. The extinction coefficient of uncontaminated protein in Parkinson's patients is significantly less than the corresponding values of healthy subjects and salivary ? - synuclein level is significantly less in Parkinson's patients than healthy subjects.Conclusions : Salivary ? - synuclein may serves as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Specific protein with extinction coefficient 27.5 M.Cm - 1 is secreted in saliva of Parkinson's patients. The characteristic saliva protein produced in patients with Parkinson's disease is deficient in tyrosine level and Dental care is required for both groups (Parkinson's patients and healthy subjects).

الاستريتين الفموي مقابل غلوكونات الزنك عن طريق الفم : دراسة علاجية مقارنة وعبورية في علاج مرض بهجت == Oral Acitretin Versus Oral Zinc Gluconate As A Comparative Cross - Over Therapeutic Study In Treatment of Behcet,S Disease

Author name: سناء عبد الحميد حسين
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله | عادل عبد الغفور النعيمي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اساس البحث : مرض بهجت هو اضطراب جهازي حيث ان اسبابه المرضيه ليست محدده جيده.المظاهر الاكثر شيوعا هي الاغشيه المخاطيه الجلديه ولكن يمكن ان يشمل العين, انظمة القلب,الاوعيه الدمويه والجهاز العصبي. هناك العديد من طرائق المعالجه الموضعيه والجهازيه. تمت محاول | Background : Behcet’s disease is a systemic disorder where its etiopathogenesis is not well determined. The commonest manifestations are muccocutaneous but can involve eye, cardiovascular and neurological systems. There are many modalities of therapy topical and systemic.Isotretinion has been tried as an effective therapy of muccocutaneous manifestations. In present work was to try a new retinoid like acitretin which has longer half life than isotretinoin.Aims of the study : To evaluate the effectiveness of oral acitretin versus oral zinc gluconate in the treatment and prophylaxis of Behcet’s disease as a new therapeutic model.Materials and methods : This cross over controlled therapeutic study that conducted in the Department of Dermatology - Baghdad Teaching Hospital the period from August 2013 - May 2014.Twenty patients with fulfilled criteria of Behcets’s disease was included in this work. History and full examination were done for all patients regarding all demo - garaphic points related to the disease. They were given acitretin 25 mg orally once daily for three months to be seen on the day fourteenth firstly and then monthly to be assessed depending on the clinical manifestation index for Behcets disease. After three months, acitretin was stopped and patients were given zinc gluconate 25 mg twice daily for another three months. Results : Twenty patients were treated 12 males (60%), and 8 females (40%), with male to female ratio 1.5 : 1. All these patients completed the study and their ages ranged between 20 - 59 years with mean± SD (37.3±12.3). Pathergy both ordinary and oral were also minimized by this therapy while C - reactive protein was not much effective by this therapy. Zinc gluconate also had the same therapeutic action against these manifestations. Clinical manifestations index before treatment ranged between 1 and 11 with mean ± SD of 5.65±1.98.After acitretin therapy the mean of CMI started to decline to reach 2.65 ±2.03 in first month of the therapy with (p=0.00001) which was statistically high significant and continued high significant till the end of the third month with (p - value > 0.000001). After cessation of acitretin and zinc gluconate started the mean continued to decrease to reach 2.05±2.52 at the end of the first month with (p=<0.000001) which was statistically high significant then; started to increase to reach 3.3 ±2.31 at the end of six month of the therapy but statistically remained high significant (p - value=0.0007). Both acitretin and zinc gluconate have statistically significant effect in reducing severity and frequency of oral ulcers, genital ulcers, skin and rheumatologic manifestations. Conclusions : oral acitretin was found to be an effective therapy in addition to its prophylactic action in treatment of muccocutaneous manifestations of Behcet,s disease. Also zinc gluconate had effective therapeutic action against these features of Behcet’s disease.

تاثــير مستوى الاسترادايول والبروجستيرون في اللعاب على حالة صحة الفم عند النساء اثناء الحمل == Effects of Salivary Level of Estradiol And Progesterone On Oral Health Status In Women During Pregnancy

Author name: زينة كامل كاظم
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: الحمل هو حالة فسيولوجية تجلب مجموعة واسعة من التغييرات في حياة المراة، بما في ذلك التعرض لامراض اللثة، ربما بسبب التغيرات الهرمونية المرتبطة مع الحمل. قد تؤثر الهرمونات الجنسية على اغشية الفم واللثة وربما هذا يؤدي الى العديد من الامراض اللثوية. ان هرمونا | Pregnancy is a physiological state that brings a wide range of changes in a woman’s life, including a susceptibility to gingival disease, probably due to hormonal changes associated with pregnancy. These female sex hormones may modify the oral mucosa and may lead to various degrees of gingival inflammation. The hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy may be associated with pregnancy gingivitis and gingival bleeding. Sex hormones are specific regulatory molecules have long been considered to play an influential role on periodontal tissues especially gingiva, bone turnover rate, wound healing and periodontal disease progression. Aims of the study1. Assessment of oral hygiene level and dental status in both second and third trimester pregnant women and compares results.2. Assessment salivary hormonal levels of endogenous female sex steroids in both second and third trimester pregnant women and compares results.3. Comparison of oral health status and endogenous female sex steroids salivary hormonal levels between gingivitis and non - gingivitis subgroups of both second and third trimester pregnant women groups.4. Find out the association between the gingival health status and salivary hormonal levels of endogenous female sex steroids (Estradiol and progesterone).Materials and methods This study was carried out on seventy - eight pregnant women who were attended for routine and regular follow up visits in obstetrics and gynecology department at Al - Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, from February 2013 to July 2013. This study was approved by the scientific committee in the department of oral medicine college of dentistry Al - Mustansiriya University. They were divided according to gestational age in to second trimester group and third trimester group. Fifty pregnant women (age range 18 - 38 years) and at gestational age was ranged between (20 - 27 weeks) were recruited as 2nd trimester group and Twenty - eight pregnant women (age range 18 - 39 years) at gestational age ranged between (28 - 33 weeks) were recruited as 3rd trimester group and according to Loe and Silness gingival index these two groups subdivided into gingivitis and non - gingivitis groups. Oral clinical examination including an assessment of gingival inflammation (Loe and Silness Gingival Index), Plaque amount (Silness and Loe Plaque Index), dental status (Decayed Missing Filling Teeth), and salivary flow rate (SFR) had also been done. Samples of whole unstimulated (resting) saliva were collected from all participants then investigated for sex steroids salivary hormonal levels of Estradiol, Progesterone. Results and discussion Oral health measurements including : GI, PLI, SFR and DMFT showed no significant difference between 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester groups. Sex steroids salivary hormonal levels of Progesterone showed a significant difference with higher mean value in 3rd trimester pregnant women than 2nd trimester pregnant women while sex steroids salivary hormonal levels of Estradiol showed no significant difference between two groups. Comparisons between gingivitis and non - gingivitis subgroups of 2nd trimester pregnant women group showed that there was highly significant difference in SFR with higher mean value in non - gingivitis group, and there was highly significant difference in PLI with higher mean value in gingivitis group, DMFT showed non - significant difference between the subgroups and (Estradiol and progesterone) salivary hormonal levels showed highly significant difference with higher mean values in gingivitis group. Comparisons between gingivitis and non - gingivitis subgroups of 3rd trimester pregnant women group showed that there was a non - significant difference in SFR, DMFT and a highly significant difference in PLI with higher mean value in gingivitis group, while progesterone salivary hormonal levels showed non - significant difference and Estradiol salivary hormonal levels showed a highly significant difference with higher mean value in gingivitis group. Comparison of GI between gingivitis groups of both 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnant women showed that there was a significant difference with higher mean value in 3rd trimester. Estradiol and progesterone salivary hormonal levels were non - significantly correlated with PLI and GI for gingivitis and non - gingivitis group of 2nd trimester pregnant women. Progesterone salivary hormonal level was non - significantly correlated with PLI and GI for gingivitis and non - gingivitis group of 3rd trimester pregnant women while Estradiol salivary hormonal level was non - significantly correlated with PLI and GI for non - gingivitis group and significantly correlated with PLI and GI for gingivitis group. GI and PLI for gingivitis groups of both 2nd and 3rd trimester revealed that there was a highly significant correlation.Conclusions Female Sex steroids hormones (Estradiol and Progesterone) salivary hormonal levels significantly increase from the second to the third trimester especially Estradiol and Play an important role in influencing gingival inflammation during pregnancy. These hormones are neither necessary nor sufficient to produce gingival changes by themselves. However, they may alter periodontal tissue responses to microbial plaque and thus indirectly contribute to gingivitis. Dental status in pregnant women is not significantly different between 2nd and 3rd trimester pregnant women groups. Women should be offered training in good oral hygiene habits, and community awareness programs should be conducted to increase their awareness of the crucial importance of such habits especially during pregnancy

قياس قوة الدفع للخارج لحشوات الجذور GuttaFlow 2 , Thermafil وGuttaCore : دراسة مختبرية == Push Out Bond Strength of Guttaflow 2, Thermafil, And Guttacore Obturation Materials (An In Vitro Study)

Author name: حيدر طالب فاضل
Supervisor name: جمال عزيز مهدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسه المختبرية لقياس قوة ارتباط لثلاثه مواد مختلفة لحشوات قنوات الجذور باستخدام قوة الدفع للخارج.ثلاثون جذر حلقي مستقيم من الاسنان العلوية الخلفية استخدمت في هذه الدراسه وهذه الاسنان تم تحضيرها بتقنيه التاج السفلي باستخدام نظام المبارد الد | This in vitro study was carried out to investigate the push out bond strength of three different obturation materials GuttaFlow 2, Thermafil and GuttaCore at different levels.Thirty extracted upper molars were collected and the platal roots were sectioned at the CEJ of the tooth. The platal roots were instrumented with Hyflex CM rotary files to the size of 40/0.06.The instrumented samples were divided into three groups of ten samples each, the first group were obturated with GuttaFlow 2, the second group were obturated with Thermafil and the third group were obturated with GuttaCore obturating materials.After an incubation period of 7 days, each sample were sectioned into three sections of 2 mm thickness (apical, middle, coronal), each slice then introduced to the push out testing using a universal testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The result of this study showed Push - out bond strengths were significantly higher when canals were filled with GuttaCore than those filled with Thermafil and GuttaFlow 2. And Thermafil showed a higher significant difference than the GuttaFlow 2. It also showed that the bond strength values decreased from the coronal to the apical direction.In conclusion, the thermoplasticized gutta - percha appears to achieve higher push out bond strength values than the cold flowable gutta - percha. With GuttaCore showed higher push out bond values than Thermafil.

التاثيرات الدوائية لمادة - كاپا كراجينان - في مهنية طب الاسنان : دراسات داخل وخارج الانبوب == The Pharmacological Effects of Kappa Carrageenan In Dental Practice : An In Vitro And In Vivo Studies

Author name: اسيل جاسم علي
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله | مروان صالح النمر
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: كاراجينان هومركب يحتوي على پولي كلايكان الكبريتي وهو مستخلص من الطحلب الاحمر. الكراجين بطبيعته الغروية المائية يمتلك خواص هلامية,مثخنة ومستحلبة تسمح باستخدامه بكثرة في الصناعات الغذائية,مستحضرات الصحة الفموية والكماليات.وبسبب مركباته الحياتية الفعالة فقد

Evaluation of the Involvement of the Tempromandibular Joint in Patients with Osteoarthritis and the Accuracy of Ultrasonography as Compared to Computed tomography for Detection of Osteoarthritic Changes.

Author name: احمد عادل عثمان
Supervisor name: هاجر ابراهيم عبد الله
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: خلفية البحث : اضطرابات المفصل الفكي الصدغي تشير الى مصطلح مركب يحتوي على عدة حالات تتضمن المفصل الصدغي ,التركيبات المحيطة او كلاهما , تظهر على شكل الم في منطقة المفصل والعضلات المرتبطة,وتحدد بالقدرة على الحركة الطبيعية مثل المضغ, الكلام والبلع. مرض التهاب | Tempromandibular joint disorders is a collective term embracing a number of conditions affecting the TMJ, the surrounding structures or both,manifested by pain in the area of joint and associated muscles, and limitation in the ability to make normal movement like mastication,speech and swallowing. Osteoarthritis is a group of mechanical abnormalities involving degradation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Symptoms may include joint pain, tenderness, stiffness, locking, and sometimes an effusion. A variety of causes—hereditary, developmental, metabolic, and mechanical deficits may initiate processes leading to loss of cartilage. When bone surfaces become less well protected by cartilage, bone may be exposed and damaged. As a result of decreased movement secondary to pain, regional muscles may undergo atrophy, and ligaments may become more lax.Objective of the study : • To determine the extent of tempromandibular joint involvement in patients with osteoarthritis.• To evaluate the correlation between clinical and radiographical findings. • To evaluate the accuracy of sonography in detection of osteoarthritic changes compared to Computed tomography.Materials and method : A comparative study had been done using thirty six symptomatic patients(24 female and 12 male) above 40 years diagnosed as osteoarthritis by specialist rheumatologist in Alkarkh general hospital, with clinical finding related to osteoarthritis like pain,tenderness,crepitation, clicking and limited mouth opening. these patients were exposed to computed tomography(CT) scan (Philips - Brilliance 64) in Al - Karkh general hospital and then the results were compared with sonographic findings (Philips 12.5 MHz transducer) to see the disc displacement, effusion, erosion, flattening, osteolytic and osteophytic lesions in the condylar head.The period of the study started from (october - 2013 to june - 2014).Results : The result of the study showed that the mean age of osteoarthritic patients was (49.69) years, and female percentage (66.7%) and male(33.3%). Chief complaine showed more predilection in the left side (28%) and bilateral showed(56%).Clinically : limitation in mouth opening (50%),crepitation(36.11%), clicking (27.7%), and tenderness (20.8%). Radiographically Computed tomography(CT) scan showed disc displacement (50%), joint effusion (37.5%), flattening(36.11%), osteophyte(18,05%), and erosion(11.1%). There was significant correlation between clicking and joint effusion in computed tomography(CT),while tenderness showed significant correlation with osteophyte and joint effusion in sonography. Other correlations were non significant correlation between clinical and radiological changes. Association between computed tomography(CT) and sonography showed fair agreement in osteophyte detection,fair agreement in joint effusion,moderate agreement in detection of joint erosion,moderate agreement in reduction of space and anterior disc displacement and also moderate agreement in condylar head flattening. Conclusions : Osteoarthritis in tempromandibular joint may be unilateral or bilateral. About 50% of Patients with osteoarthritis have limitation in mouth opening. Clinical findings play a major role in diagnosis of osteoarthritis. The tempromandibular joint changes in osteoarthritis were the results of degenerative processes, in contrast to rheumatoid arthritis were the changes as a result of the disease. Sonography was more likely to be sensitive rather than specific in detection of osteoarthritic changes

حدوث وشدة الالم بعد استخدام ثلاثة انظمة مختلفة لتحضير قنوات الجذور == Incidence And Severity of Pain Following The Usage of Three Different Root Canal Instrumentation Systems

Author name: احمد حمد عبيد
Supervisor name: جمال عزيز مهدي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dental Treatment
Degree: Master
University: Mustansiriyah University
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Postoperative pain after endodontic procedures is an undesirable occurrence for both patients and clinicians. Certain factors may predispose to the development of postoperative pain. Knowledge of the causes and mechanisms behind interappointment pain in endodontics is of utmost importance for the clinician to properly prevent or manage this undesirable condition. The causative factors of interappointment pain encompass mechanical, chemical, and microbial injuries to the pulp or periradicular tissues, which are induced or exacerbated during root canal treatment. Ninety patients were recruited and included in this study out of one hundred and twenty patients, those patients requiring endodontic treatment on their permanent upper or lower molar teeth with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis preoperatively, access opening and instrumentation was performed at the same visit.Patients ranged in age from 19 to 50 years old, and all were in good health, as determined from a written health history and oral interview.The patients were assigned randomly into three groups of 30 patients each : ? First group (n=30) : Teeth were instrumented using Universal ProTaper System (Full Rotary technique).? Second group (n=30) : Teeth were instrumented using ProTaper Next System (Full Rotary technique).? Third group (n=30) : Teeth were instrumented using WaveOne System (Reciprocating technique).Pain assessment carried out at day 1, 2, 3 & 7 using Verbal Rating Scale (4 - Point Scale). Patients recorded the incidence and severity of pain experienced.Patients were called at 24, 48 and 72 hours to obtain their reports for the first three days. Seven days after treatment their records were reviewed and percussion test was performed. Result showed that all groups induced Post - operative Pain, the difference is some systems cause more Post - Operative pain than other do : group 3 (WaveOne group) showed higher incidence and severity of PostoperativePain, followed by group 1 (Universal ProTaper group) that has shown less incidence and severity of Post - operative Pain than group 3 (WaveOne group), last group which it was group 2 (ProTaper Next group) has shown the lowest incidence and severity of Post - operative Pain. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Chi Square test, total score for Verbal Rating Scale at day 1, 2, 3, and 7 showed that there was a highly significant differences between ProTaper Next group and other twogroups (P ? 0.001), and non - significant differences between ProTaper group and WaveOne group (P ? 0.05).

تقدير الظواهر الفمويه والعوامل المناعيه في اللعاب عند مرضى سرطان الغدد اللمفاويه قبل وبعد العلاج الكيميائي == Assessment of Oral Manifestations And Salivary Immunological Markers In Patients With Lymphoma Before And After Receiving Chemotherapy

Author name: محمد حسن عبد الشهید
Supervisor name: فواز داوود الاسود
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Higher Diploma
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Lymphomas are group of diseases caused by malignant lymphocytes that accumulate in lymph nodes and caused the characteristics lymphadenopathy.Occasionally, they may spill over into blood or infiltrate organs outside the lymphoid tissue The major subdivision of lymphomas is into Hodgkin's lymphoma and non - Hodgkin's lymphoma and this is based on the histologicpresence of Reed - Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Aims of the study : The aims of this study were to determine the percentage of oral manifestations and identify the levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interluekin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor - ? in lymphoma patients before the treatment and after receiving three cycles of chemotherapy in comparison with healthy control individuals.Subjects, materials and methods : The study included 25 patients( 15 male and 10 female ) with non - Hodgkin's lymphoma (B - cell type), 25 patients( 16 male and 9 female ) with Hodgkin's lymphoma and 25 ( 15 male and 10 female ) healthy control group with no signs and symptoms of any systemic disease and age, sex match with patient groups.Those patients were examined pre and post chemotherapy to see the oral manifestations and compared with healthy control group. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected to determine the level of salivaryimmunological markers which measured by Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay.IVResults : The percentage of oral manifestations was taste alteration in non - Hodgkin's lymphoma patients ( 36% ) and in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients ( 16% ) , followed by burning mouth syndrome ( 20% ) in non - Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and ( 16% ) in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and lastly dry mouth was ( 12% ) in both non - Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma groups. In the present study there was no oral manifestations in both study groups before starting chemotherapy, and the mentioned oral manifestations incident after receiving chemotherapy regimens. The levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interluekin - 6 and tumor necrosis factor - ? were significantly higher in pre - treatment patients in comparison with control group, and there was a significant decrease after chemotherapy treatment when compared to their base line levels in both study groups.Conclusions : The most frequent oral manifestations in lymphoma patients was taste alteration followed by burning mouth syndrome and dry mouth , and male patients affected more than females.The salivary immunological markers levels were higher in lymphomapatients than control, then these markers showed obvious decrease in patients after chemotherapy treatment

تاثير مستخلصات الشاي الاخضر على مسببات امراض انسجة الاسنان الرابطة (بكتريا البورفايروموناس اللثوية وبكتريا اجريجاتيباكتر اكتينومايستيمكومتانس) : دراسة مختبرية == Antibacterial Effects of Green Tea Extracts On Periodontal Pathogens (Aggregatibacter Ctinomycetemcomitans And Porphyromonas Gingivalis) (In Vitro Study)

Author name: ميس جمال مجيد
Supervisor name: سيف سهام سليم
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Around the Teeth Diseases
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Department Of Periodontics And Peridontics
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: المقدمة : الشاي الاخضرهو واحد من المشروبات العلاجية القديمة والشعبية المستهلكة في جميع انحاء العالم، وهو مشتق من ورقة للنبات "كاميليا سينينسيس", يمكن ان يحضر كمشروب، والذي يمكن ان يكون له العديد من الاثار الصحية الشاملة او "مستخلص" يمكن الحصول عليه من الاو | Background : Green Tea is one of the most ancient and popular therapeutic beverages consumed around the world, it is made from the leaf of the plant “Camellia sinensis”. It can be prepared as a drink, which can have many systemic health effects or an “extract” which can be made from the leaves to be used as medicine. Green tea is reported to contain thousands of bioactive ingredients including catechins, catechins found in the tea have shown promise for having antimicrobial effects.Aim of study : to test the effect of green tea extracts on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in comparison to 0.2% chlorohexidine gluconate and distilled water in vitro.Materials and Methods : plaque samples were collected from 20 patients with no signs of any systemic disease suffering from chronic periodontitis with probing pocket depth of at least 6 mm, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were isolated and diagnosed according to morphological characteristic and biochemical test. Green tea leaves were extracted by using water and alcohol. This study involved two experiments in vitro concerning the effects of green tea extracts on these bacteria in addition to analysis of the extracts to determine the concentrations of the catechins in each extract. The first experiments involved testing the sensitivity of A.a and P.g to different concentrations of the extracts in addition to chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% and distilled water using agar well diffusion method, the second experiment involved determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts that inhibits the bacterial growth and then determination of the minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract that was requires to kill the bacteria. The present study also involved laboratory analysis of green tea extracts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results : Both green tea extracts were effective in inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using agar well diffusion method, 90% and 100% concentrations of alcoholic extract showed larger inhibition zones than chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% with statistically significant difference, CHX showed higher inhibition zones than all aqueous extract concentrations.The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of alcoholic green tea extract that inhibit Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 60% and it was the same for Porphyromonous gingivalis.The MIC of aqueous green tea extract that inhibits Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 70% and MIC of aqueous green tea extract extract that inhibits Porphyromonous gingivalis was 80%.The MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) of alcoholic green tea extract that kills Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was 80%, the MBC of alcoholic green tea extract that kills Porphyromonous gingivalis was 90%, the MBC of aqueous green tea extract that kills Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth was 90%, which was also the same for Porphyromonous gingivalis.HPLC analysis of aqueous and alcoholic green tea extracts that were used in this study revealed that alcoholic extract contained higher concentration of EGCG while aqueous extract had higher content of catechin and epicatechin.Conclusion : green tea extracts were effective against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, alcoholic green tea extract showed inhibition ability more than the aqueous green tea extract and more than chlorhexidine gluconate and it showed bactericidal activity at 80%, 90% and 100% concentrations.

الطريقة السريرية للتنبؤ بكثافة العظام السخية في المنطقة الواقعة بين الضاحك الثاني والطاحن الاول في البالغين العراقيين اصحاب الاطباق الطبيعي == Clinical Method For Prediction of Alveolar Bone Mineral Density In The Area Between The 2Nd Premolar And 1St Molar In Iraqi Adults With Class I Occlusion

Author name: مها علي حسن الجبوري
Supervisor name: هديل علي حسين الهاشمي
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Orthodontics
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad - Faculty Of Dentistry - Orthodontics Department
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Orthodontic mini - implants are increasingly used in orthodontics and the bone density is a very important factor in stabilization and success of mini - implant.The aim of this study was to observe the relationship among maximum bite force; body mass index; face width, height; masseter muscle length, width and thickness; and bone density in an attempt to predict bone density from these variables to eliminate the need for CT scan which have a hazard on patient.Computed tomographic images were obtained for 70 patients (24 males and 46 females) with age range 18 - 30 years. The cortical and cancellous bone density was measured between maxillary and mandibular 2nd premolar and 1st molar at two levels from the alveolar crest (3 and 6 mm). Face height and width and masseter muscle length, width and thickness were measured from CT. Clinically; Maximum bite force was measured on first molar region unilaterally by a digital device. The sample was divided into two groups according to the body mass index into; normal and overweight.The results that were obtained showed that there were no significant differences in bone density or maximum bite force in both genders. Only the cortical bone density in maxilla in overweight group tended to be higher than normal body mass index group. The face width and height correlated significantly negatively with or maximum bite force which correlated significantly positively with cortical bone density and masseter muscle width.It was concluded that a prediction of cortical bone density of preselected areas can be made from maximum bite force, body mass index and inter - zygomatic width

التقييم النسيجي والميكانيكي للتكامل العظمي لزرعات التتانيوم بعد تحرير تصميم الجزء المسنن من الزراعة او طلائها بمادة بذور الكتان : دراسة تجريبية على الارانب == Histological And Mechanical Evaluation of The Osseointegration of Titanium Implants By The Modification of Thread Design And/Or Coating With Flaxseed (An Experimental Study On Rabbits)

Author name: مصطفى هادي جواد
Supervisor name: عذراء يحيى الحجازي | نبيل كاظم عبد الصاحب
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral Histology
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Dental implant surface technologies have been evolving rapidly to enhance a more rapid bone formation on their surface and hold a potential to increase the predictability of expedited implant therapy.Numerous surface modification approaches have been developed for all classes of dental implants to modulate biological responses and improve the osseointegration and primary stability. Hence, Implant threads should be designed to maximize the delivery of optimal favorable stresses while minimizing the amount of extreme adverse stresses to the bone implant interface. In addition, using of biomaterial coating of implant surface for the enhancement of bone formation has been achieved through the modulation of osteoblasts adhesion and spreading that induced better stability and more implant surface contact area.The aims of the study are : 1. Evaluation of titanium implant osseointegration by the modification of thread design and I or coating its surface by Flaxseed.2. Evaluate the new surface modification of titanium implant, histologically, mechanically and radiographically.Materials and methods : One hundred and twenty eight commercially pure titanium (CpTi) screws were implanted in rabbit tibiae. Implants were divided as follows : 1. Dual - threaded group (32 implants). 2. Single - threaded coated with grinded flaxseed group (32 implants).3. Single - threaded with central groove (32 implants).4. Single - threaded (control) group (32 implants).Histological, mechanical and radiographical analysis were performed for all implants after each healing periods (2,4,6 and 8) weeks.Results : 1. Dual - threaded implant illustrated the highest mean value in thread width and removal torque, and it showed mature bone at 8 weeks.2. Grooved implant illustrated close opposing threads. 3. Coated implant illustrated highest mean value in osteoblast cell count and showed a proliferating cartilage zone that later on degenerated and replaced by bone.Conclusion : The present results conclude that each modified implants shows a different benefits whether a modification of the implant surface mechanically (dual or grooved thread) or by coating the implants with Flaxseed.

الظهور الكيميائي النسيجي المناعي للاوستيوكالسين، OC عاملا لنمو المحول بيتا واحد TGF - B1 وبروتين الشكل العظمي سبعة BMP - 7 في خلل التنسج الليفي والورم الليفي المعظم في عظام الفك : دراسة مقارنة == Immunohistochemicalexpression of Osteocalcin, Transforming Growth Factor Beta - 1And Bone Morphogenetic Protein - 7 In Fibrous Dysplasia And Ossifying Fibroma of The Jaw Bones Acomparative Study

Author name: فرح غسان ابراهیم
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Fibrous Dysplasia & Ossifying Fibroma of the jawsare maxillofacial fibroosseous lesions sharing anoverlapping clinicopathological characteristics. This can be diagnostically challenging for pathologists& surgeons. It is important to make the distinction because of differences in their clinical behavior, modes of treatment and prognosis.Osteocalcin is an immunohistochemicalmarker; secreted by osteoblasts and its high serum levelsare correlated with increased bone mineraldensity. It is therefore, used as biomarker for boneformation process and also has a role in regulationof osteoblast function.Transforming growth factor beta - 1 is a multifunctional regulator of cell growth which will either stimulate or inhibit proliferation of mesenchymal cells depending on the presence of other growth factors. It is secreted by osteoblasts and is very abundant in bone matrix. Bone morphogenetic protein - 7is a member of transforming growth factor - b superfamily; it is widely expressed during embryonic growth, and is an essential morphogen in renal, skeletal, and eye development.Aims of the study : This study aimedto evaluate and compare the Immunohistochemical expression ofosteocalcin, transforming growth factor beta - 1 andbone morphogenetic protein - 7in the pathogenesis of Fibrous dysplasia and Ossifying fibroma of the jaw bones,correlate the expression of the aforementioned markers in these lesions.Analyze theimmunohistochemical expression ofosteocalcin, Transforming growth factor beta - 1 & bone morphogenetic protein - 7 inFibrous dysplasia & Ossifying fibroma, in order to assess its potential role in differentiation between these two disease entities.Materials&Methods : A total of 30 retrospective formalin - fixed, paraffin - embedded tissue blocks were included in this study, 15 were diagnosed asFibrous dysplasia of the jaws and 15 were ofOssifying fibroma of the jaws. Animmunohistochemicalstaining method using ofosteocalcin,transforming growthfactor beta - 1 andbone morphogenetic protein - 7 monoclonal antibodies were performed.Results : The results revealed that the majority of cases (73.33%) were females for each Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma. the age range was (8 - 35)years for Fibrous dysplasia and (7 - 50)years forOssifying fibroma. For Fibrous dysplasia most cases presented in maxilla (66.76%) while for Ossifying fibroma most of the cases presented in mandible (73.33), with more predominant Fibrous dysplasia cases in molar area (60%) and more presented Ossifying fibroma cases in premolar & molar area (33.33%). Statistically significant difference was found between Fibrous dysplasia&Ossifying fibroma cases regarding jaws & site distribution (P=0.02&0.04) respectively.Osteocalcin positive immunohistochemicalexpression was found in fibroblast - like cells in 4 cases(26.66%) of Fibrous dysplasia and in 7 cases (46.67%) of Ossifying fibroma, according to Chi - square test the result showed statistically significant difference regarding osteocalcin expression in Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma (P=0.04). Transforming growth factor beta - 1 was positivelyexpressed in 8cases (53.3%) of Fibrous dysplasiaand 10 cases (66.67%) of Ossifying fibroma. Bone morphogenetic protein - 7showed positive expression in 2 cases (13.3%) of Fibrous dysplasia and 4 cases (26.7%) ofossifying fibroma.Statistically non - significant difference regarding the immunohistochemicalexpression of transforming growth factor beta - 1 and bone morphogenetic protein - 7in Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma. Moreover significant correlation was found regardingtransforming growth factor beta - 1 expression in response to bone morphogenetic protein - 7in Fibrous dysplasia (P=0.03)and osteocalcin expression in response totransforming growth factor beta - 1 in Ossifying fibroma (P=0.01).Conclusions : Transforming growth factor beta - 1 expressin the majority of Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma cases indicate its important role in the process of osteogenesis. The significant correlation seen regarding the expression of some of the studied markers with each other suggest their cooperative role in the pathogenesis of Fibrous dysplasia &Ossifying fibroma

الظواهر الفمية، مؤشرات عامل الغلوبولين المناعي اللعابي A، الانترلوكين واحد بيتا وعامل تنخر الورم الفا في لعاب مرضى - الكلى المزمن الخاضعين للغسل الكلوي في محافظة ميسان == Oral Findings, Salivary IgA, Interlukin - 1 Beta And Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Markers In Saliva of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis In Missan Governorate

Author name: فارس عبد حاتم
Supervisor name: زاهدة جاسم محمد
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease refers to an irreversible deterioration in renal function which classically develops over a period of years, the ageing of populations along with the growing prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension is leading to worldwide increase in the number of chronic kidney disease patients, the patients suffering from chronic renal failure face oral health related problems because it affects the bone and soft tissue structures.During hemodialysis, blood contact with a foreign surface, such as a complement - activating dialytic membrane, promotes a variety of complex and interrelated events, leading to an acute inflammatory response.Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling, they are released by cells and affect the behavior of other cells, they are important in health and disease, specifically in host responses to infection, immune responses, inflammation, trauma, sepsis, cancer and reproduction.Aims of study : The aims of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral findings, salivary flow rate and evaluation of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis treatment in comparison with healthy control, and investigate if there is a relation between these salivary parameters (salivary flow rate, salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels) in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis (less and more than one year) and finally find the correlation between salivary parameters in patients group.Methods : Ninety (90) subjects were participated in this study, they were divided into two groups : Patients group comprised of 45 subjects undergoing hemodialysis with chronic kidney diseases; Control group comprised of 45 subjects with no history of any systemic diseases.Intra oral examination was done for each individual to record the prevalence of oral findings in chronic kidney diseases patients. Saliva collected was measured and levels of salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa).Results : The most frequent oral findings in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis, in this study were dry mouth (77.7%), uremic breath (bad odor) (55.5%) , taste alteration (55.5%), angular chelitis (35.5%), mucosal pallor (26.6%), burning mouth syndrome (28.8%), staining of teeth (26.6%), oral ulceration (11.1%) and petechia and ecchymosis (2.2%), and the present study showed that no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found in oral findings distribution except angular chelitis which showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis for less than one year & for more than one year. According to salivary flow rate, the present study found that there was a significant difference in patients with chronic kidney disease in comparison to healthy control subjects, also statistically there was no significant difference in salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? and salivary flow rate) in chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis for less than one year & for more than one year. The present study showed that there was no correlation between salivary parameters (salivary immunoglobulin A, interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? and salivary flow rate) except salivary immunoglobulin A and interleukin - 1? showed positive significant linear correlation (r=0.368, p=0.006) and negative significant linear correlation between salivary immunoglobulin A and salivary flow rate (r= - 0.275, p=0.009).Conclusions : Cytokines may play roles in pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases represented by increasing interleukin - 1? and tumor necrosis factor ? levels in saliva of those patients, the chronic kidney diseases patients on hemodialysis recommended comprehensive professional oral care and self - care instructions

العلامات الالتهابية اللعابية وعلاقتها بحالة الفم الصحية بين مجموعة من الصبيان الذين يعانون من السمنة بعمر 21 سنة == Salivary Inflammatory Biomarkers In Relation To Oral Health Status Among Obese Boys Aged 12 Years

Author name: عاتكة رسول عزيز
Supervisor name: احلام طه محمد
General topic: Dentistry
Specific topic: Preventive Dentistry
Degree: Master
University: University of Baghdad
Language: English
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: Worldwide, obesity trends are causing serious public health concerns and significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. It has an effect on the person`s general health including the oral health. Aims of the study : This study was designed to investigate the oral health status among a group of obese boys in relation to salivary inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin - 6 and Creactive protein) and selected salivary elements.Materials and methods : The study group consists of forty obese boy of an age 12 year, and forty normal weighted boy of the same age as a control group. Assessment of nutritional status was done by using Body Mass Index specific for age and gender. Dental caries severity was recorded by using the index of Muhlemann (1976). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964) was used for plaque assessment, calculus component of periodontal disease index of Ramfjord (1959) was used for calculus assessment and gingival condition assessed according to gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963). Unstimulated salivary samples were collected under standardized condition, salivary flow rate was determined and then the salivary samples chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of salivary interleukine - 6, Creactive protein, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.Results : Caries experience of permanent dentition (DMFS) among study group was lower than that among control group with significant difference (P<0.05) for D2, while caries experience of primary dentition (dmfs) was significantly (P<0.05) lower among study group compared with control group with significant difference (P<0.05) for ds and highly significant difference (P<0.01) for d4.Salivary flow rate was lower among study group compared with control group with no significant difference. No significant correlations (P>0.05) were recorded between salivary flow rate and dental caries, oral cleanliness and gingivalhealth conditions among both groups. The mean value of plaque, calculus and gingival indices were not significantly lower among study group compared with control group. A positive highly significant correlations (P<0.01) were recorded between gingival and plaqueindices among both groups. The level of salivary interleukin - 6 (pg/ml) was higher among study group compared with control group with no significant difference between them; whereas there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding C - reactive protein (?g/ml) level. Salivary calcium and magnesium levels (mg/dl) were highly significantly (P<0.01) lower among study group compared with control group, whereas salivary phosphorus level (mg/dl) was not significantly higher among study group compared with control group. Salivary interleukin - 6 and C - reactive protein were negatively correlated with dental caries of both dentitions among study group with significant correlation (P<0.05) between IL - 6 and D2, while they were correlated positively with dental caries of both dentitions among control group with highly significant correlation (P<0.01) between IL - 6 and D3 and significant correlation (P<0.05) between IL - 6 and d4. Salivary calcium was correlated positively highly significantly (P<0.01) withDMFS and significantly (P<0.05) with D4 among control group. Salivary magnesium was correlated positively significantly (P<0.05) with DMFS and D2 among study group; also it was correlated negatively highly significantly (P<0.01) with d3 amongcontrol group. Salivary phosphorus was correlated significantly (P<0.05) in positive direction with d3 among study group; also it was correlated highly significantly (P<0.01) in negative direction with DMFS and significantly (P<0.05) in positivedirection with d3 among control group.
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