الصفحات الاولى:

الفعالية الحياتية لبعض مستخلصات النباتات الطبية على بعض انواع البكتريا والتعبير الجيني لانزيمات الكيراتينز المنتج من قبل Trichophyton rubrum == Biological Activity of some Medicinal Plant Extracts on some Bacteria and Gene Expression of Keratinases Produced from Trichophyton rubrum

اسم المؤلف: علي جليل عبيد حسن عينون

اسم المشرف: جواد كاظم عبود علي الجنابي | وجدان رضا محمود محمد تاج الدين

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The present study aimed to search for safe and effective antifungal agents through investigation of the phytochemical characterization and bioactive properties of medicinal plants (Pimpinella anisum essential oil and Moringa oleifera and Malva sylvestris leaf extracts) and their effect on gene expression of keratinases produced by T. rubrum using Real Time PCR.Phytochemical analysis of active materials of P. anisum essential oil and M. oleifera leaf extracts were carried out, through TLC accompanied autobiography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and GC - MS analyses were proceeded to relate the chemical profile with their antifungal activity. Also, the cytotoxic effects of active compound and crude extract for both plant extracts were determined using MTT (3 - (4,5 - dimethylthiazol - 2 - yl) - 2,5 - diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye) assay. Screening the antifungal activity of Pimpinella anisum essential oil, Moringa oleifera leaf extracts and four traditional antifungal agents against growth and development of two strains of T. rubrum differed in their virulence were conducted. MIC for crud extracts and antifungal agent were also determined using microdilution plate, moreover, the effects of crud extracts and active compounds on gene expression was evaluated.Qualitative TLC, HPLC analysis for the anise essential oil extract revealed the presence of anethole which was identified as a main volatile compound in this extract which was identified as anethole. GC - MS analysis also revealed that trans - anethole is the major compound (96.8%), then Himachalene (1.84%), other components were also present but less than 1% e.g. Estragole, cyclohexene and 2 - Methoxy - 5 - (1 - propenyl) phenol. On the other hand, LC - MS analysis were showed the existence of that keratinase inhibitor (extracted from Moringa oleifera leaf)IICryptochlorogenicacid (C16H18O9), Astragalin (C21H20O11), so the presences of these compounds reflected the inhibitory effects on keratinase enzyme.The results upon screening, revealed that the anise oil inhibited both strains of T. rubrum, since the growth inhibition for first strain were 21, 30 and 39 mm at 15.6, 31.2 and 62.5 μl/ml respectively, while in second strain were 24, 32 and 39 mm at 15.6, 31.2 and 62.5 μl/ml respectively. The tested strains of this fungus revealed substantial sensitivity pattern toward crude extract of essential oil and anethole as well. Results showed that there was considerable growth inhibition for both strains of T. rubrum at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 15.6 μg/mL for crude oil and 7.5 μg/mL for anethole. The inhibition in radial growth due to the effect of anise essential oil increased from 56% at 3rd day to 86% at the 7th day. Sporulation was substantially decreased by anise oil treatment. Anise oil was significantly inhibited conidial germination for both strains. Treatment with anise oil induced morphological changes in the conidial group where the conidia were absent in treated sample. Protease inhibitor isolated from mature leaves of M. oleifera showed great ability to inhibit keratinase activity of T. rubrum.MTT assay revealed that anethole is safe as phototherapeutic agents, when it is having no effects on normal cell, but shown anticancer activity against cancer cell.Anise oil, anethole, M. oleifera crud inhibitor, Cryptochlorogenic acid and Astragalin showed high inhibitory effects on gene expression of keratinase enzyme in both strains of T. rubrum KP979791 and KP979787.

تاثير السموم الكبدية الـMicrocystin - LR على الصفات البايوكيميائية والجزيئية في الكارب الاعتيادي والجرذ == The Effects of Hepatotoxic Microcystin - LR on Biochemical and Molecular Characteristics of Cyprinus carpio and Rattus rattus

اسم المؤلف: ماهر محمـــد خضـــيري الجبــــــوري

اسم المشرف: مؤيد جاسم ياس العماري | اياد محمد جبر المعموري

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2017

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - التلوث

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بابل - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بابل

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: صممت الدراسة الحالية لدراسة تاثير السموم الكبدية الـMicrocystin - LR على الصفات البايوكميائية والجزيئية في الحيوانات المختاره (الكارب الاعتيادي والجرذ) حيث كان تركيز microcystin - LR المنقى من Anabaena circinalis وOscillatoria splendida 74.832 مايكروغرام / مل61.85 مايكروغرام/ مل على التوالي الذي تم الكشف عنه وجمعه بواسطة الكروماتوكرافية السائلة فائقة الاداء التحضرية بينما كان تركيزه في Westiellopsis prolifica وStigonema sp هو 28.385 مايكروغرام/مل و23.591 مايكروغرام/مل على التوالي. استخدمت تراكيزالــmicrocystin - LR للجرذ واسماك الكارب الاعتيادي عن طريق حقنها تحت الغشاء البريتوني خلال التعرض الحاد الحادة (96 ساعة) , كانت ( 60 , 40 , 20 ) مايكروغرام /200 غرام من زون الجسم , ومن ثم تحديد الجرعة المتوسطة المميتة للجرذ واسماك الكارب الاعتيادي وكانت (52.48 و67.95) مايكروغرام / 200 غرام من وزن الجسم على التوالي . بينما في التعرض المزمن ( 30 يوم ) ،كانت التراكيز المستخدمة هي (3 و6 و9) مايكروغرام/ 200 غرام من زون الجسم. بينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية زيادة معنوية في كل المؤشرات البايوكيميائية مع زيادة الجرعة الــMicrocystin - LR في دم وكبد الجرذان واسماك الكارب الاعتيادي خلال التعرض الحادة ، لكن خلال التعرض المزمن ايضا ازدات كل المؤشرات البايوكيميائية زيادة معنوية مع زيادة تركيز الــMicrocystin - LR ، بينما قلت تركيز مضادات الاكسدة الكلية والسايتوكروم P450 والفوسفيتيز القاعدي في الدم والكبد والـGOT في دم الجرذ بشكل معنوي مع زيادة تركيز الجرعة الــmicrocystin - LR بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة ، بينما في اسماك الكارب الاعتيادي ، تركيز فيتامين C والسايتوكروم P450 في الدم والكبد ، والفوسفتيز القاعدي والـGPT في الكبد حيث قل بشكل معنوي مع زيادة تركيز الـmicrocystin - LR بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. بينت ايضا نتائج الدراسة الحالية الحصول على ست انواع من التشوهات الكروموسومية هي الكروموسومات الحلقية والكروماتيد المتكسر وكروموسومات المتقطعة وكروموسومات القلة وثنائية المركز خلال الفترة المزمنة في نخاع العظم للجرذ والكبد الاسماك الكارب الاعتيادي ، فان عدد كل نوع من التشوهات الكرموسومية في الجرذ واسماك الكارب الاعتيادي ازدادت بشكل معنوي مع زيادة تركيز الــmicrocystin - LR ، اظهر التحليل الاحصائي ارتباط معنوي موجب بين التشوهات الكروموسومية والمؤشرات البايوكيميائية ومؤشرات تحطم الـDNA ، اما دليل الانقسام الخلوي ازداد بشكل معنوي مع .زيادة الجرعة في نخاع عظم الجرذ وكبد الكارب الاعتيادي بالمقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة . المؤشرات الجزيئية للــDAN المتحطم كالطول المذنب Comet lengthو طول الذنب Tail length وهجرة الذنب Tail moment في دم وكبد الجرذ واسماك الكارب الاعتيادي ، والتي ازدادت بشكل معنوي مع زيادة جرعة الــmicrocystin - LR ، ايضا اظهرت النتائج ارتباط معنوي موجب مع المؤشرات البايوكيميائية والتشوهات الكرموسومية ، ايضا بينت الدراسة الحالية بان تحطم الـDNA في الكبد اكثر مما في الدم . | The presents study was designed to study the effects of hepatotoxic microcystin - LR on biochemical and molecular characteristic of selected animals (Cyprinus carpio and Rattus rattus) Whereas the concentration of microcystin - LR obtained from Anabaena circinalis and Oscillatoria splendida that purification and collection by utilizing preparative high performance liquid chromatography was 74.832 µg/ml and 61.85 µg/ml respectively. While its concentration in Westiellopsis prolifica and Stigonema sp was 28.385 µg/ml and 23.591 µg/ml respectively The concentrations of toxin that used for rats (Rattus rattus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) via intraperitoneally injection during acute period (96 h) was (20, 40, 60) µg/200g body weight and then determination of median lethal dose for rats and C. carpio was (52.48, 67.95) µg/200g body weight respectively, While in chronic period (30 days), the concentrations used for above animals was (3, 6, 9) µg/200g body weight . The results of presents study was showed all biochemical markers significantly increased with increasing dose of microcystin - LR in blood and liver of rats and C.carpio during acute period, but in chronic period also all biochemical markers in blood and liver of rats and C.carpio have been significantly increased with increasing concentration of microcystin - LR, Whereas the total antioxidant concentration, Cytochrome P450 and Alkaline phosphatase in blood and liver, and GOT in blood of rats were significantly decreased with increasing concentration of dose of microcystin - LR as compared with control groups, While in C. carpio, the concentration of vitamin C and Cytochrome P450 in blood and liver, and Alkaline phosphatase and GPT in liver were significantly decreased with elevated concentration of microcystin - LR as compared with control groups. The presents study was shown six type of chromosome aberration which are ring chromosomes, chromatid break, fragmented chromosomes, aneuploidy and dicentric chromosomes that are obtained during chronic exposure period in bone marrow of rats and liver of C. carpio, the number of each type of chromosome aberration in rat and C .carpio have been significantly increased with increasing microcystin - LR concentration, the statistical analysis appeared positive significant correlation between chromosome aberration, biochemical markers and marker of DNA damage. The mitotic index was significantly increased with increasing microcystin - LR concentration in bone marrow of rats and in liver of C .carpio as compared with control groups. The molecular makers of DNA damage such as comet length, tail length and tail moment in blood and liver of rats and C .carpio were significantly increased with increasing concentration of microcystin - LR, also appearance of results positive significant correlation with biochemical markers and chromosome aberration and also presents results shown the DNA damage in liver more than in blood.

اسم المؤلف: احمد عطا الله حسن الفهداوي

اسم المشرف: عادل مشعان ربيع

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة المائية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

العلاقة بين مؤشر الموت الخلـوي المبرمج (ربيطة فاس الذائبة) وقلة النطاف عند الرجال == Correlation Between Apoptotic Marker (Sfas Ligand) And Oligozoospermia In Men

اسم المؤلف: احمد حسين علي الزاملي

اسم المشرف: صباح ناصر العلوجي | انعم رشيد الصالحي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: The Fibroblast associated (Fas) system in the testes has been identified as a key regulator of apoptosis, a process that greatly influences the germ cell population of the testes. and the soluble Fas Ligand (sFasL) may be a competitive inhibitor to induce apopto¬sis of the Fas baring cells. Therefore, this study measures the level of sFasL in the semen of oligozoospermic men evaluating the association between seminal plasma sFasL and spermatogenesis.A total 58 oligozoospermic men and 29 normozoospermic volunteers were included in this study. They were attending the Infertility Clinic of the High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, AL - Nahrain University\ Baghdad. Their age mean was 31.77± 5.48 years and a median of 30 years. Semen samples were evaluated according to World Health Organization 2010 standard parameters. The Seminal plasma was separated from the cellular elements after centrifugation and the supernatant was transferred to plane tubes and frozen at - 20 ?C till using for measurement of sFasL. These patients were classified into patients with severe oligozoospermia (sperm concentration ?5 million / ml) which include 29 patients, and patients with mild and moderate oligozoospermia (sperm concentration ranging between 5 - 15 million / ml) which includes 29 patients as well. The control group comprised of 29 men with normospermic parameters according to WHO 2010 standard (Normal volunteers). The sFasL was measured using ELISA enzyme immunoassay for quantitative determination of sFasL Kit. Data were analyzed statistically using Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Least Significant Difference (LSD) and Correlation Coefficient (r).The sFasL level was found significantly higher (P< 0.01) in seminal plasma of oligozoospermic men, with weak correlation of the level of sFasL with the degree of severity of oligozoospermia. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that sFasL is a novel marker found in the seminal plasma of oligozoospermic men. It's level was higher in cases of oligozoospermia regardless of its severity.

تكامل جرعة منخفضة من مبيد الترفلان مع مخلفات زهرة الشمس في مكافحة الادغال وتحسين نمو محصول الماش لتقليل الاعتماد على المبيدات والحد من مخاطرها == Integration of Reduced Dose of Trifluralin Herbicide With Sunflower Residues For Weed Control In Mungbean Field

اسم المؤلف: اﺭﻭﻯ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ

اسم المشرف: اﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺪﺍﻭﻱ

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الفسلجة

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Two field experiments, several greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted during the course of study to evaluate the allelopathic potential of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars on companion weeds and weeds grown in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. R. Wilczek) field alone and in combination with reduced rate herbicide, and to determine the chemical and genetical bases of allelopathic traits in the test cultivars. The aim of the first experiment was to test whether the variation in weed growth between the sunflower cultivars (Shumoose and Sin Altheeb), which was observed in the field, was due to differences in their allelopathic potential. Results showed the ability of both cultivars to reduce weed population and biomass with the superiority of Shumoose cultivar in suppression of weed density at 60 and 120 days after sowing compared to Sin Altheeb. Weed biomass was significantly reduced up to 90 and 71% by Shumoose and Sin Altheeb cultivars, respectively. Stair case experiment indicated that root exudates of Shumoose cultivar showed more suppression to weeds than Sin Altheeb giving additional evidence for the superiority of Shumoose cultivar in its allelopathic weed suppression. Chemical analysis by High performance liquid chromatography indicated the presence of 9 compounds in root exudates of Sin Altheeb and 8 compounds in Shumoose, and all are Phenolic in nature. However, total of the isolated phenolics was doubled in Shumoose than in Sin Altheeb. Most of the isolated chemicals are reported to have inhibiting ability for germination and growth of plants, including weeds. Second field experiment was undertaken to explore the response of weeds and mungbean crop to soil incorporated with sunflower residues in combination with lower rate of a pre - plant herbicide (trifluralin). Sunflower residues of the two cultivars Shumoose and Sin Altheeb at 3.2 and 6.4 t ha - 1 were used either alone or in combination with trifluralin at 1.2 L ha - 1 (50% of label rate). Weedy check (control), trifluralin at full label rate (2.4 L ha - 1), and weed free treatments were also included for comparison. Plots treated with 50% of label rate of herbicide and amended with sunflower residues of cultivar Sin Altheeb recorded least weed density and dry biomass and this suppression was much greater than the residue treatments alone and more than cultivar Shumoose. Application of herbicide at 50% rate in plots amended with Sin Altheeb residue resulted yield 64 % more than with the label rate of herbicide treatment. Chromatographic analysis of sunflower amended field soil revealed the presence of several potent allelopathic compounds in the residues of both cultivars with greater quantity (355.5 µg/ml) in Sin Altheeb than in Shumoose (250.9 µg/ml). Dynamics of release, decomposition and degradation of allelochemicals into the soil showed that different compounds exhibited differential behavior for these processes. Overall quantity of allelochemicals started to increase after 2 weeks of decomposition and peaked at 4 week of decomposition (180.1 ppm) then declined sharply in their quantities thereafter. Periods indicating higher quantities of total phenolics as shown by chromatographic analysis was coincided with the periods in which higher suppressive activity against weeds grown under field conditions. Bioassay of sunflower residues decomposed in soil at different times on Echinochloa colonum L, one of the weeds dominated the mungbean field, revealed that residues of both cultivars suppressed growth of E. colonum weed. The phytotoxicity started after 2 weeks and persisted for 8 weeks. However, Sin Altheeb residues showed greater inhibition than Shumoose cultivar at the last three decomposition periods. Shumoose residues recorded appreciable reduction to the growth of test weed compared to Sin Altheeb. The effect of residues of both cultivars on chlorophyll content and ions uptake in Amaranthus retroflexus L. weed revealed that residues of both species reduced chlorophyll content of leaves and the reduction increased with the increased residue rate. Sin Altheeb cultivar residues were more inhibitory than Shumoose at the lower residue rate. In the same weed, ions uptake was significantly averted by the residues of both cultivars. P and K was significantly increased over control, while Ca, Mg an Fe were found to be decreased over control due to application of sunflower residues in soil at 8 g per kg soil. N was the only test element that did not significantly influence by the residue treatments. No significant differences were found in the test ion uptake between the test sunflower cultivars. Results of using RAPD technique on the sunflower genomic DNA revealed that all the 19 primers used in this study scored different amplification monomorphic and polymorphic bands in the tested genotypes with 12 primers generated polymorphic bands. These bands present in one cultivar and absent in another. They could be responsible for allelopathic trait or secondary compounds associated with this phenomenon. Further work is recommended to analyze the sequence of this band to find out whether it is related to allelopathic trait or not.

التنميط الجيني لفايروس التهاب الكبد نوع اي لمرضى الاصابة الحادة في محافظة المثنى - العراق == Genotyping of Hepatitis E Virus Among Patients With Acute Infection In Al - Muthanna Province / Iraq

اسم المؤلف: ازهار صبري مسلم الذهبي

اسم المشرف: رغد حربي مهدي العزاوي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - الفيروسات

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is found worldwide. It is responsible for large outbreaks in East and South Asia. This study was carried out to identify the distribution of acute HEV infection in AlMuthanna province and then determine the genotypes responsible for the disease spreading. This is the first investigation about the occurrence of hepatitis E genotypes in Al - Muthanna province patients. The study included 270 jaundiced patients of both sexes From AlMuthanna province which included out patients in public health laboratory in Samawah city, for the period from October 2013 to June 2014. All these patients were tested for anti - HEV IgM antibodies by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In Al - Muthanna province, 72 patients (26.66 %) out of 270 patients showed positive results for anti - HEV IgM antibodies, and all those patients were tested for confirmatory test at central public health laboratories (CPHL) in Baghdad province. Those patients consist of 45 females and 27 males with age ranged between (4 - 74) years old, were all negative for routinely screened markers of Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, Ten normal healthy individuals, used as normal control in this study. This study showed that the HEV IgM is more common among younger age group (15 - 24), with a percentage of) 41.67%(, and it was higher in females (63%) than in males (37%). Highly significant differences (p ? 0.01) appeared among age groups. The levels of liver function enzymes demonstrated significant differences (p ? 0.05) in HEV patients as compared with healthy controls. The levels of Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) were (23.41 ± 12.38) mg/dl, Serum Aspartate transaminase (SAST) were (887.17 ± 9.87) U/l, Serum Alanine transaminase (SALT) were (859.91 ± 13.28) U/l, and the levels of Serum Alkaline phosphatase (SALP) were (206.56 ± 5.04) U/l higher than healthy controls (0.884 ± 0.05) mg/dl, (37.27 ± 4.58) U/l, (34.14 ± 7.63) U/l, (48.09 ± 15.42) U/l respectively. RNA was extracted from sera of positive anti - HEV IgM antibodies by using a QIAamp® Viral RNA Mini Kit. Nanodrop and Quantus™ Fluorometer instruments were used to determine the RNA yield and purity according to the standard kit protocol. High levels of RNA concentration were measured by Nanodrop and Quantus™ Fluorometer. Forty - six samples have high RNA concentration out of 72 samples were detected for genotypes I, III & IV by using Applied Biosystems Real time PCR 7500 machine. In this study, HEV type I and III were detected in 23 samples out of 46 samples by using Real Time PCR systems. Ten samples were positive for this test. Thirteen samples (56.52%) were negative for this test. The distribution percentage of genotypes I and III was (43.48%). The results appeared significant difference (P ? 0.05). Also by using the same technique (Real time PCR systems) the HEV type IV was detected in 23 samples out of 46 samples. Which included, 13 samples that recorded negative results by I & III genotypes kit and only 2 samples from it recorded positive results and 11 samples recorded negative result for HEV genotype IV. From other 10 samples, only 3 samples recorded positive result and 7 samples recorded negative result for HEV genotype IV. In a total, 5 samples were positive for HEV genotype IV and 18 samples (78.26%) were negative. So that the distribution percentage of genotype IV was (21.74%). In this study, the samples that showed negative results in both kits have not been tested for other genotypes. This study indicated that the acute HEV infection is highly endemic in Al - Muthanna province in Iraq. Genotypes I & III were the most distribution than genotype IV in patients from Al - Muthanna province in Iraq. These results suggest that the genotypes I & III are the main causative agents of sporadic HEV infection in Al - Muthanna province

التحري الجزيئي عن النمط الثالث لداء السكري البادئ عند النضج (MODY 3) في مرضى السكري العراقيين == Molecular Investigation of Maturity Onset Diabetes of The Young Type 3 (MODY 3) In Iraqi Diabetic Patients

اسم المؤلف: اسراء عدنان ابراهيم البغدادي

اسم المشرف: نورية عبد الحسين علي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: شملت الدراسة 63 مريضا مصابا بداء السكري غير المناعي المنشا في اعمار مبكرة من ذوي التاريخ العائلي بالاصابة بمرض السكري ممن لايعانون البدانة الذين تم اختيارهم من مرضى السكري من مراجعي المركز التخصصي لامراض الغدد الصم والسكري في الرصافة/ بغداد للفترة من ايار | This study included 63 non obese patients having early onset of non immunogenic diabetes with strong family history of diabetes selected from diabetic patients attended the specialized center of endocrinology and diabetes at Alrusafa/ Baghdad during period from the begging of May 2011 till the end of February 2013. The demographic study revealed that there is no association between the disease incidence with neither the gender nor the blood group. But there is a significant difference in the distribution of the patients according to age of the first diagnosis and gender, as the study showed that majority of male patients (53.846%) were first diagnosed with hyperglycemia below the age of 20 while the majority of females (72.972%) were first diagnosed with hyperglycemia after the age of 20.The distribution of patients according to the type of treatment also reveled association between the gender and both age of diagnosis and type of treatment of the hyperglycemia as the study showed that there is a higher percent of male patients (80.768%) using insulin at the beginning of their diagnosis with hyperglycemia or transferred later to insulin than those of females (67.565%).The present study reported for the first time in Iraq the presence of monogenic diabetes (maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3) as major cause of diabetes within non obese diabetic patients' early onset of non immunogenic diabetes with strong family history of diabetes. The sequence analysis of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1? gene showed that Iraqis have mutational hot spot at exons 3 and 4 of this gene responsible for maturity onset diabetes of the young type 3, and that mutations in the promoter region or exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 are a rare cause of diabetes.

التحري عن التشوهات الكروموسومية وطفرات المورث FLT3/ITD في مرضى ابيضاض الدم النخاعي الحاد == Screening For Chromosomal Aberrations And Gene Mutations FLT3/ITD In Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia

اسم المؤلف: سمارة كاظم محمد

اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين مويت الفيصل

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2015

الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: صممت الدراسة الحالية من اجل تسليط الضوء على تاثيرات مرض ابيضاض الدم ((AMLفي بعض معايير الوراثة الخلوية والجزيئية الحاصلة في كريات الدم البيضاء في ثلاثة حالات للمرضى اشتملت على مرحلة ما قبل العلاج, في اثناء العلاج وبعد العلاج الكيميائي. كما شملت الدراسة ا | The present study was designed to shed light on the cytogenetic and molecular effects caused by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis in three stages before, during and after treatment with chemotherapy (in vitro) in lymphocytes. It was also aimed to investigate chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation and FLT3/ITD point mutations in CN - AML region 100 - 300 bp compared with healthy control. The study was comprised of forty - seven AML Iraqi patients their ages ranged between 2.5 - 81 years. It included twenty females and twenty seven males compared with twenty - six healthy control. The following results were obtained : AML is most common leukemia in adults and uncommon in children. It was found that 46.8% patients suffer from AML, who were under 15 years old, while 19.15% patients their age ranged between 16 - 30 years; 19.15% of patients their age were more than 45 years and 14.9% of patients their age ranged between 31 - 45 years of the total AML patients. AML is more common in males than females. The percentages of females and males were 42.5% and 57.5% respectively representing 1.35 : 1.00 male : female ratio. Two AML patients 5.3% have diploid cells when examined under light microscope. The highest mitotic index was 7.498±1.7 occurred in patients before taking treatment while recorded 6.784±4.5 during treatment and 7.000±2.5 after treatment. Nuclear anomalies such as nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds were observed in AML patients, Micronucleus mean values recorded 0.033±0.018, 0.020±0.00015 and 0.036±0.01for AML patients before, during and after treatment respectively when compared with the control which recorded 0.002±0.00002. Nuclear division index (NDI) means before, during and after treatment of AML patients were 1.658±0.2, 1.000±0.022 and 1.424±0.19 respectively. Significant differences occurred among the three groups when compared with the control group (1.282±0.09). Extracted DNA from 30 AML patients was amplified by PCR to obtain FLT3/ITD gene from exon 11 to intron 12 and ten of them sent for sequencing. Two patients showed larger bands (470 and 460) bp when compared with wild type (330) bp. Among six patients, three displayed point mutations of deletion and substitution while others were normal since no mutations were detected. The percentages of mutation types were substitution 57.78% and deletion 22.2%. The effect of mutations was missense mutation (55.54%), deletion (22.22%) and nonsense (22.22%). It has been concluded from the current work that AML is more common in adult males, patients suffer from AML exhibited high MI, NDI, MN and point mutations are present in such patients including deletion and substitution causing missense, nonsense and deletion.

عزل وتشخيص المبيضات من المرضى المصابين بداء السلاق الفموي في محافظة النجف الاشرف مع دراسة جزيئية لبعض عوامل الضراوة == Isolation And Identification of Candida Spp. From Patients With Oral Thrush In Al - Najaf Province And Molecular Study of Some Virulence Factors

اسم المؤلف: ايهاب يحيى جابرالعلياوي

اسم المشرف: فاطمة عبد الحسين التميمي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: النجف

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: تشمل هذه الدراسة بعض المعايير السريرية لمرضى نقص المناعة (مرض السكري والسرطان وزرع الكلى)، والمصابين بداء المبيضات الفموي والتي تضمنت العمر والجنس. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو عزل وتشخيص انواع المبيضات. بطرق مختلفة بما في ذلك التشخيص المباشر، والتحضين في الم | The present study was conducted to isolation and identification of Candida spp. Isolated from immunocompromised patients with (Diabetes, Cancer & Kidney transplant) by different identification methods including direct examination, laboratory culture, biochemical tests and molecular method using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and determine the virulence factors phenotypic to Candida spp. and genetic polymorphism in Candida albicans in secreted aspartyl proteinase (SAP2). During the period from October 2013 to February 2014, a total of 140 oral swab were collected from immunocompromised patients with attending to the three center in AL - Sadder Medical City (Oncology center and kidney center and Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology).In AL - Najaf Governorate, the samples were collected as following : - 110 mouth swabs from patients suffering from leukemia, prostate, stomach and bowel cancer, also 10 mouth swabs from kidney transplant patients and 20 mouth swabs from diabetes. The percentage of female to male was as following, female (86) 64(72.7%) infected, 22(42.3%) uninfected and male (54) 30(57.7%) uninfected, 24(27.3%) infected, with age range between (5 - 64) years. In this study, the results show that the incidence of candidiasis in women was higher than the male also the most cases of candidiasis in patients age range between (45 - 54) years. The results of the present study reveal that the prevalence of oral candidiasis from patient with cancer was more than diabetes & kidney transplant patients which was 72(81.18%), 12(13.65%) & 4(4.54%) respectively. When culturing oral samples on the primary isolation media Sabouroud dextrose agar (SDA) and the secondary media on CHROM agar, The results reveal the presence of 88 isolates belong to Candida spp.which include : - 42 (47.68%) belong to Candida albicans, 20 (22.72%) belong to Candida. dubliniensis, 18 (20.5%)belong to Candida krusei, 6 (6.8%) belong to Candida glabrata & 2 (2.3%) belong to Candida parapsilosis. According to this result, Candida albicans was found the most frequently isolated species and the occurrence of the other non - albicans isolates such as Candida dubliniensis and which followed Candida albicans in frequency of the isolates in oral candidiasis. In this study, the ability of C.albicans & non - albicans was tested to produce some virulence factors such as production of enzymes phospholipase, lipase, germ tube, chlamydospore & biofilms when culturing Candida spp. on different media. The results of the culture show that Candida albicans produces all virulence factor included germ tube, chlamydospore, biofilms & phospholipase. Some species share several phenotypic characteristics ability to produce enzymes of phospholipase such as C.krusei while C.dubliniensis produce chlamydospore, when culturing in the Casein agar & produce biofilms, In addition the molecular tests to was used for Candida albicans confirm the ability to secreted aspartyl proteinase (ASP2). This study showed the amplified from the Candida spp. as following : - C.albicans 306 bp, C.glabrata 594 bp, C.parapsliosis 387 bp, C.krusei 651 bp & C.dubliniensis 451 bp.

الكشف عن بعض عوامل البيئة الداخلية للخلايا السرطانية للنساء العراقيات المصابات بسرطان الثدي == Detection of Some Microenvironment Factors In Tissue Samples of Iraqi Women With Breast Cancer

اسم المؤلف: فاطمة سمير عبد الرزاق الزبيدي

اسم المشرف: اخلاص مشرف عيدان

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية - المناعة

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - كلية العلوم للبنات

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer - related deaths in women. It continues to rank as one of the top killer of women. This cancer increased in frequency in the last years in Iraq. The aim of this study was to shed light on the immunohistochemical for some factors that could be affect on development of microenvironment in breast cancer of Iraqi patients. And these factors include CD133 as a marker for breast cancer stem cells (BCSs), and also studying tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF - ?) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF - ?). 53 samples Formalin - fixed, paraffin - embedded (FFPE) wax block appeared their ages were range from 29 - 70 year with a mean age of 48.45 years. 32 patients with breast carcinoma and 21 patients with benign breast lesions were included in this study for comparison. The results of this study show that the CD133 positive expression was found in (56.2%) of Iraqi breast cancer cases. Also the result of this study show that (62.5%) positive expression from both (TNF - ? &TGF - ?) of breast cancer cases, compared with sample of benign breast lesion. The results show (52.3%) positive expression of TNF - ? and (28.57%) positive expression of TGF - ? of samples with benign breast lesion, there is a significant different between studied samples, compared with (19.05%) samples positive expression of CD133 of sample with benign breast lesion so there is a significant different between the samples with breast cancer and benign breast lesion. Also the results show there is a positive relationship correlation between (TGF - ?) expression and (TNF - ?) expression, while there were no relationship correlation between (TGF - ?) and CD133 and no relationship correlation between TNF - ? and CD133. The results show there is a positive correlation between the grade and breast cancer with the three different expressions of marker but in different strongest correlations between (TNF - ?) and (TGF - ?) with the graded but this correlation becomes weak with CD133 marker the value of significant. According to the relationship in breast cancer case in this study between the studied markers and stage of case it shows (TNF - ?) has a strong positive correlation while the correlation appear week between the stage of this studies case and end each of TGF - ? and CD133. For this we concluded from the results there high expression of CD133 and TNF - ? indicators and TGF - ?. CD133 could use in diagnosis of the cancer cell and the high expression of TNF - ? & TGF - ? indicate that these factor play important roles in tumor microenvironment metastasis. And the strong correlation between the expression of these markers with grade and stage of breast cancer

دراسة بعض الجوانب المناعية والبكتريولوجية لمرضى ذات الرئة Pneumonia == Study Some Immunological And Bacteriological Aspects of Pneumonia Patients

اسم المؤلف: كرم رياض حسن الجراح

اسم المشرف: رسمية عبد ابو ريشة

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية

الدرجة: ماجستير

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: جمعت 120 عينة قشع من اشخاص مصابين بمرض ذات الرئه للمدة من ايار 2013 الى شباط 2014 من ثلاثة مستشفيات في مدينة بغداد وشملت مستشفى اليرموك التعليمي, مستشفى دار التمريض الخاص, مستشفى بغداد التعليمي. شخصت العينات باستخدام الفحوص البايوكيميائية, نظامApi 20 E و| From May 2013 to Feburey 2014, 120 sputum and Aspiration samples of patients with pneumonia disease were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad included : Al Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Hospital Nursing Home sector and Baghdad Teaching Hospital. All samples were diagnosed by biochemical tests, Api 20 E and Api20 strep. Systems, The results was found to be 28 isolates (23.3%) belong to K.pneumoniae, 26 isolates (21.7 %) belong to S.pneumonia while 66 isolates(55%) belong to causes : E.coli, Pseudomonas sp., Moraxella catrrhalis, S.pyogens, Monilia and S.aureus. From (55) blood samples of pneumonia patients and 30 blood samples from healthy individuals, number of white blood cell (Neutrophil) counts were measured, percentage of Neutrophil cell count in female (53%) higher than the cell count in male(47%). Some markers of pneumonia disease were studied such as ratio of infection between male and female, chronic and acute cases and smoker and non smoker, the results were showed the ratio of infection in female more than in male, (60%, 40%), respectively. And number of acute cases of pneumonia patients 41(74.55%) more than chronic cases 14(25.45%). While infection ratio in smoker patients more than nonsmoker patients at ratio 24(57.14%)18(42.86%), respectively. The result of interleukin - 8 level through acute and chronic phases in pneumonia patients sera was showed high level in patients compared with healthy persons (86.4403 ± 25.50919 vs. 58.7636 ± 4.73152 pg / ml, respectively) with a non significant difference statistically (P?0.05). Also in the age group (age 15 - 60years), The results showed the results interleukin 8 levels higher than the age groups of (2month - 3years) and (age 60 - 85) (93.63 ± 51.65, 68.88 ± 17.17, 65.68 ± 11.73 pg / ml, respectively) with non significant difference (P?0.05). The result of Leukotriene B4 level through acute and chronic phases in pneumonia patients sera showed high level in patients compared with healthy persons (36.00 ± 3, 82 vs. 25.96 ± 4.44 pg / ml, respectively) with a significant difference (P?0.05). Also in the age group (two months - 3 years) were showed the results interleukin 8 levels higher than the age groups (age 15 - 60) (age (60 - 85)(33.61 ± 11.06, 19.29 ± 4.67, 16.86 ± 4.51 pg / ml respectively) with no siginificant difference (P?0.05), the correlation coeifficient between interleukin - 8 and leukotriene B4 was (0.12) with no siginificant difference. The phagocytic activity was determined in pneumonia patients sera according to measurement C3 protein level through acute and chronic phases, the result were showed the ratio of C3 protein levels in healthy persons more than in patients (135.93 ± 12.74, 133.19 ± 12.01 pg / ml, respectively) with a difference was not significant statistically (P?0.05).

التنميط الوراثي لمستضدات التطابق النسيجي في عينة عراقية من مرضى السكري النوع الثاني == Hla Genotyping In A Sample of Iraqi Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

اسم المؤلف: احمد كاظم محمد

اسم المشرف: محمد ابراهيم نادر | بتول حسن الغرابي

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة بغداد - معهد الهندسة الوراثية والتقنيات الاحيائية - قسم التقانة الاحيائية

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: بغداد

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: داء السكري مرض واسع الانتشارعالميا تختلف نسبة الاصابة بين البلدان المتطورة والنامية ويعتبر المسبب الرئيسي للاعاقة والموت في العالم.داء السكري النوع الثاني هو الاكثر حدوثا حيث تبلغ نسبة الاصابة (90 - 95%) من مجموع المصابين بالسكري للانواع الثلاثة الرئيسية. | Sixty of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients who were diagnosed according to American Diabetes Association criteria (ADA) 2007 were selected from the specialized center of endocrinology and diabetes (Baghdad AL - Russafa Health Directorate) during the period between first of May 2013 to last of October 2013.Their age ranged 35 - 70 years. Fourty apparently healthy individuals their age ranged (35 - 70) years were considered as control. Enzymatic colorimetric methods used for measured FBS (fasting blood sugar) and HbA1c (glycohemoglobin) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for hormones and enzyme markers. Fasting blood sugar revealed high significant in patients with median (11.6 mmol/L vs. 5.9 mmol/L) and (P<0.001) in comparison to control groups.Elevation of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with mean (9% vs. 5.5%) in comparison to control groups. Another reliable marker are the concentration Adpionectine hormone, Insulin hormone and adenosine deaminase activity the results of those estimated significantly difference between levels mean (20.7 vs. 34 ng /ml) in patients compared to healthy subjects (P<0.001) for adiponectin ; mean (106.6 vs. 59.3 ng/ml) for ADA (adenosine deaminase) with (P<0.001) and the median (12.1 vs. 16 uIU/ml) for insulin hormone with (P 0.001). In order to investigate the accuracy of previously mentioned tests, a statistical analysis [Receiver - Operator Characteristics (ROC)] has been applied to show the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the tests under test.This analysis revealed that serum ADA activity is the best marker with highly specificity 100%, sensitivity 100%, and accuracy 100% while; FBS was the best test with highly specificity 100%, sensitivity 100% and 100% accuracy in comparison with other tests. It was denoted that type2 DM was associated with certain HLA class II alleles were analyzed for their genotyping by Polymerase Chain Reaction - Sequences Specific Olegionucleotide (PCR - SSO) technique. The present study revealed that diabetic patients were positively associated with HLA - DQB1*0201 (83% vs. 5.0%) which is the most prevalent in patients followed by DRB1*1137 (46.7% vs. 0.0%); DRB1*0401 (41.7% vs. 2.5%), and DRB1*1306(15% vs.0.0%) while HLA, A*0201;B*3559;Cw*0410 and DQB1*0501 is negatively associated in type 2DM in comparison with healthy control groups.This study has shown that there is no significant association between FBS, HbA1c, serum insulin, HOMA2(Homeostatic Model Assessment2) ? - function, HOMA2 - IR, serum adiponectin, serum ADA and HLA alleles(DQB1*0201, DRB1*1137, DRB1*0401, DQB1*0501, DRB1*1306) in spite the significant associated between FBS and serum ADA and HLA - DRB1*0701 allele with (P 0.021, P 0.008) respectively.The current result concluded that there may be an important role for HLA genotyping in arising the chance for enhancing the susceptibility for either disease development or protection against its initiation.

اسم المؤلف: زاهد سعدون عزيز

اسم المشرف: عباس شاكر جواد المحنة | سلمان عزيز عدوس

الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة

السنة: 2014

الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية

الدرجة: دكتوراه

الجامعة: جامعة الكوفة - كلية العلوم - قسم علوم الحياة

اللغة: الانكليزية

مكان الجامعة: النجف

الصفحات الاولى:

المستخلص: هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تقييم انتشار جينات البيتا لاكتاميز ? - lactamases ومنها جينات البيتا لاكتاميز الواسعة الطيف lactamases - Extended Spectrum ? وجينات اخرى مثل جينات المقاومة للكوينولونات Quinolones المرتبطة بالبلازميدات plasmid mediated quinolones | The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of plasmid mediated ? - lactamases including Extended Spectrum ? - lactamases and non - lactamases and study the horizontal gene transfer. A total of 800 of urine samples were taken from patient suffering from urinary tract infections had been collected during a period from February, to September of 2012, from the hospitals of AL - Najaf province. All the samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. From those 300 samples gave positive bacterial growth , 250 were lactose fermentative isolates, which were submitted to conventional tests including IMVIC and motility tests ultimately lactose fermentative, non motile isolates were candidate to Vitek 2 system to confirm the identification. the results revealed that there were 42 (16.8%) of isolates identified as Klebsiellae represented by Klebsiella pnumoniae ssp pneumoniae, 9(3.6%) of isolates diagnosed as Raoultella ornithinolytica, and 1(0.4%) for both K. pnumoniae ssp.ozeanae and Raoultella planticola. Screening tests were performed , disk diffusion test revealed different pattern of resistance, screening of ESBLS by MacConkey agar medium supplemented with 2 mg /l of Ceftazidime showed that 31 (58.5%) of isolates were initially ESBLS producers.Phenotypes confirmatory tests were conducted to different classes of antimicrobial agents, Disk synergism test revealed that 20(37.74%) of isolates were ESBLS positive, while Disk combination test by Ceftazidime + clav and Cefepime + clav revealed that 28(52.83%) and 43(81.13%) were ESBLS producers respectively, disk replacement test pointed that positive isolates were 26(49%), vitek2 system revealed 33(62%) of isolates were ESBLS producers.Imipenem - Ceftazidime antagonism test revealed that there was no isolate produce induced AmpC beta - lactamase, AmpC disc test revealed that no one of isolates were AmpC producer.The result of MHT(Modified Hodge test) revealed that all isolates were not Carbapenemases producers. Molecular study of different antimicrobial resistance genes were performed, the results reveald high percent of occurence as follow : blaTEM genes (90.6%), blaSHV gene(81.13%), blaCTX - M genes (88.6%), sul genes (88.6%), aac(6')Ib - cr genes (84.9%) and qnr - B genes (41.5%).the study also highlighted an association between studied genes. Finally many attempts to study of gene transfer by conjugation were conducted but all of them were failed, except one isolate (No. 5) was succeeded with frequency of conjugation (0.5×10 - 7). This study concluded that there were high prevalence of some plasmid mediated genes of isolates with clear multi gene resistance patterns as compared with some other genes which propose the high selective pressure of these genes and isolates might acquired resistance by mobile elements such as plasmids and integrons.