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الدور الوقائي لبكتريا البفديس ضد خمج الفئران ببكتريا الاشيريكيا القولونية المنتجة لذيفان الشيكا The Protective Role of Probiotic Bifidobacterium Against Mice Infection With Shiga Toxin Producing E.Coli O157 : H7

اسم المؤلف: سمر مصطفى محمد
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اسم المشرف: شادان عباس الوانداوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: Six Bifidobacterum isolates were isolated from fully breast - fed healthy infant faeces on reduced de Man Rogosa and sharp medium (MRS - C). Isolates identified on the basis of, colonial and microscopical properties, biochemical tests, and fructose - 6 - phosphate phosphoketolase enzyme (F6PPK) activity assay in cellular extracts. Carbohydrates fermentation profile used for identification of isolates to species level. All bacterial isolates diagnosed as Bifidobacterium genus where in this study B. adolescntis was the predominant species (50%), (B4, B5 and B6), followed by B. breve (B3), B. longum (B1) and B. dentium (B2) each one represent 16.67%.Bifidobacterium isolates were screened for their antagonistic effects against test organism, clinical isolate of shiga toxin producing E.coli O157 : H7 (STEC), using agar - well diffusion method. The isolates B3 and B6 showed clear inhibitory actions, 22 mm and 15 mm diameter of inhibitions zones, respectively. The rest of the tested isolates did not pronounce any inhibitory activity.B. breve in vivo antagonistic behavior and the possible protective effects against STEC was evaluated, using streptomycin treated murine model. Murine intestines was stably colonized orally with B. breve for 14 days, in conjunction mice were challenged orally with STEC, 103 CFU / mouse / day on day 8 of experiment. Bacterteriological analysis of mice faeces at time intervals, was indicated high levels of bacterial colonization were achieved in intestine by B. breve and STEC.Colonization of mice intestine by B. Breve did not inhibited STEC cells from proliferation during infection phase. Hence, the excretion level of STEC in faeces reached to 2.4 x 10 6 CFU/ g of faeces.STEC infected mice showed no severe clinical signs, characterized by hairloss, lethargy, paralysis of fore limbs, and shed of loose faeces. In the B. breve - colonized group, the mentioned clinical signs were almost completely inhibited, except the lethargic of some animals.Immunological studies showed an increase in the levels of sIgA by 2.7 - fold from that of blood IgA in B. breve - colonized mice while, reversed values were recorded in mice infected with STEC, blood IgA level was 1.95 - fold higher than that of sIgA.Histological changes in spleen, liver, kidney, and intestine tissues of mice were studied. The histological sections clarified the protective roles of B.breve, where no effective histological disorders were appeared in B.breve and STEC - colonized mice. In the STEC - infected mice, the pathological abnormalities within the kidney was the predominant, diagnozed as ulcers in the lining membranes, glomerular and tubular epithelium necrosis, without evidence of glomerular thrombi, mild damages was appeared in liver and spleen, and characteristic attaching and effacing (A / E) lesions appeared in the large intestine sections
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الاصابة ببكتريا Helicobacter pylori وعلاقتها بمرض تصلب الشرايين القلبية Correlation Between Helicobacter Pylori Infection And Atherosclerotic Heart Disease

اسم المؤلف: رواء سعدي سلمان
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اسم المشرف: مي خليل اسماعيل
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: مرض قصور الشرايين التاجية هو النتيجة النهائية لتراكم اللويحات العصيدية ضمن جدران الشرايين التاجية مسببة نقص الاوكسجين وبالتالي حدوث مرض القلب الاقفاري. ويعتبر من الامراض الشائعة واحد الاسباب الرئيسية لحالات الوفاة في العالم. اضافة الى عوامل الخطورة التقلي | Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaque within the walls of the coronary arteries resulting in shortage of oxygen supply and ischemic heart disease (IHD). It was consider as one of the most common diseases and major causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. In addition to traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, nowadays, accumulating evidence indicates that a variety of infectious agents may contribute to pathogenesis of CAD. The present study evaluated the anti - Helicobacter pylori IgG and IgA and the role of virulence factor of H. pylori cytotoxin associated gene (Cag A) and vacuolating associated cytotoxin (Vac A) as a risk factors for CAD.Eighty patients were divided into 2 groups : first group was 70 patients with CAD, the other group contained 10 patients with another coronary artery disease; they were admitted to Ibn Al - Bitar Specialist Center for Cardiac Surgery in Baghdad between October 2013 and January 2014. Ten individuals used as a healthy control group. All blood samples were tested biochemically such as glucose test, urea test, creatinine test and lipid profile test(cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL) and all of them showed normal results. The present study revealed that males were affected more than females (3 : 1); with no relation between their ages and bacterial infection.Serum IgG and IgA was Estimated by indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) whereas Cag A, Vac A and high sensitive C - reactive protein (hs - CRP) measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared to control group results.The incidence of the anti - H.pylori IgG was highly significantly prevalent in CAD patients 78.57% (55/70), than in control group 0% (0/10), also a high significant difference in another CAD patient group 100%(10/10) as compared to control group 0% (0/10) (P? 0.01).Similarly anti - H. pylori IgA in CAD patients and another CAD patient groups showed highly significant increase when compared to control group 37.14% (26/70), 30% (3/10) and 0% (0/10) respectively (P? 0.01).The incidence of the CagA - positivity was significantly prevalent in mean value (2.74±0.19) in patients with CAD and another CAD patient group(2.72±0.31) than in control group (1.64± 0.16) (P? 0.05). Same result was observed with Vac A antigen; mean value of patient group showed significant increase (1.299 ± 0.04) when compared to controls group (1.41±0.13) (P? 0.05). Also significant increase found between another CAD patient group(1.79±0.17) and control group (1.41±0.13) (P? 0.05). Furthermore; the present study revealed significant differences of concentration levels between hs - CRP in CAD patient group (4.95 ± 0.38 µg/ml) as compared to control group (0.77 ± 0.06 µg/ml), as well as a significant differences found between another CAD patient group (3.96 ± 0.96 µg/ml) as compared to control group (0.77 ± 0.06 µg/ml) (P? 0.05).
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التاثيرات السمية لجسيمات الفضة النانوية على بعض الاعضاء لاناث طائر السمان Coturnix coturnix : دراسة نسجية وكيموحيوية Toxic Effects of Nanosilver Particles On Some Organs of Female Quail (Coturnix Coturnix); Histological And Biochemical Study

اسم المؤلف: عبير ساجد عبد علي
اسم المشرف: غزوة درويش النقيب
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: تضمنت هذه الدراسة التعرف على تاثير جسيمات الفضة النانوية في نسجية كل من الكبد والطحال والكلى فضلا عن تاثيرها في وظائف الكبد والكلى من خلال قياس بعض انزيمات الكبد المتضمنة (AST & ALT) وقياس مستوى اليوريا والكرياتنين (Urea & (Creatinine, فضلا عن تاثيرها في | This study was included to identify the effect of silver nanoparticles on histology of the liver, spleen and kidney, as well as it's effect on functions of the liver and kidneys through the measurementof some liver enzymes included (AST and ALT) and measurement of urea and creatinine levels, as well as the effect of silver nanoparticles in the weight of studied samples, numbers and sizes of the eggs were produced through the exposure periods.(45) quail (females) were collected from agricultured research center in Abu - Ghraib, divided into (4) groups including : T1 (12 quails were exposed to 4ppm), T2 (12 quails were exposed to 8ppm) and T3 (12 quails were exposed to 12 ppm) of nanosilver particles solution for (60) days.As well as control group T4(9 birds were exposed to distilled water).After the end of the exposure period samples were sacrificed by discapitation of the neck, and blood was collected for the purpose of serum separation which required for biochemical study, samples were dissected and fixated with Bouin's fluid, histological slides were prepared and stained with Eosin - Hematoxylin.Biochemical study were showed significant decrease in the level of liver's enzymes (AST & ALT), urea and creatinine. This decrease was elevated when the concentration was increased, as well as significant decrease in each of sizes and numbers of the eggs were produced through exposure periods and non - significant decrease in the body weight.Exposed groups with silver nanoparticles showed histopathological alterations for each of liver, spleen and kidney, in liver included congestion of blood vessels, infiltration of inflammatory cells, exudate, appearing of concilman bodies, fatty degeneration in most of hepatocytes which progressed to fatty changes in most of samples were exposed with 12ppm, Hyperplasia for each of blood vessel walls and capsule, atrophy of hepatocytes, and appearing of giant cells, while kidney sufferd from hydropic degeneration in most of renal tubules hemorrhage for each of cortex, medulla and glomerulus, hyaline degeneration of tubules, amyloid precipitation for each of glomerulus and blood vessels, sloughing of epithelial cells of renal tubules from basement membrane, hypertrophy of renal tubules with hyperplasia for cells of tubules and atrophy of renal tubules.Spleen tissue showed decreased in sheets of white pulp and lymphocyte numbers red pulp cells. Severity of these effects varied depending on individual differences between samples and concentration of silver nanoparticles, which increase in samples were exposed with highest concentration.
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دراسة تصنيفية لعويلة الخنافس البرغوثية Alticinaeمن عائلة Chrysomelidae ورتبة غمدية الاجنحة Coleoptera في بعض محافظات العراق Taxonomic Study On The Flea Beetles (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Alticinae) In Some Provinces of Iraq

اسم المؤلف: رغد عـبيد خضير
اسم المشرف: سعدون ابراهيم اسماعيل
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: تناول البحث لهذه الرسالة دراسة تصنيفية لعويلة الخنافس البرغوثية Alticinae في بعض محافظات العراق، علما ان هذه العويلة لم تدرس تصنيفيا في العراق.اختير النموذج Longitarsus ballotae Marsham. لتجسيد صفات العويلة. ولقد درست الاجزاء الرئيسة للجسم وهي الراس والص | The Subject of thesis is a taxonomic study of Subfamily Alticinae in some provinces of Iraq. Knowing that this Subfamily has not been studied taxonomically in Iraq.Was chosen as the model for Longitarsus ballotae Marsham. To embody the gualities of the Subfamily. The detailed study of the head, thorax, abdomen and their appendages was made to evaluate the reliability of the external characters in classifying the species of the Subfamily.There are eight genera and thirteen species for these Subfamily The species are : - Altica deserticola Weise.Aphthona fuentei Reitter.Aphthona sp. Chaetocnema montenegrina Heikertinger.Chaetocnema persica Baly. Epitrix atropae Foudras.Hermaeophaga ruficollis Lucas.Longitarsus ballotae Marsham.Longitarsus membranaceus Foudras.Longitarsus reichei Allard. Longitarsus succineus Foudras.Phyllotreta nemorum Linnaeus.Podagrica fuscicornis Linnaeus.6 Species Register in Iraq are : - Chaetocnema montenegrina Heikertinger.Epitrix atropae Foudras. Longitarsus succineus Foudras.Longitaarsus membranaceus Foudras.Podagrica fuscicornis Linnaeus.Two species Taxonomic keys were designed and developed to is olate the genera of Subfamily Alticinae, sa wellas the genera mentioned and studied in this thesis for each species.
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عزل وتشخيص بكتريا Streptococcus spp المسببة لالتهاب اللوزتين من الاطفال وتاثير بعض عزلات بكتريا حامض اللبنيك عليها Isolation And Identification of Streptococcus Spp Caused Tonsillitis From Children And The Effect of Some Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lab) Strains On It

اسم المؤلف: رند ثائر عبد اللطيف
اسم المشرف: ندى صباح رزوقي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: بحثت الدراسة جمع 100 مسحة من اطفال مصابين بالتهاب اللوزتين الحاد والمزمن ممن راجعوا استشارية الانف والاذن والحنجرة في مستشفى اليرموك التعليمي للمدة مابين كانون الاول للعام 2013 ولغاية اذار للعام 2014. وكانت نتيجة الزرع المختبري موجبة في 67 مسحة منها وبالا | In this study 100 swabs were collected from infected children with acute and chronic tonsillitis who attended at Al - Yarmook Teaching Hospital (Eear Nose Tonsils consultation clinic) from December 2013 until March 2014. The result of laboratory culture were positive in 67 samples. Depending on their cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates : (37.31%) of them were identified as Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria and the diagnosis is confirmed by the use of Remel Rapid STR System. Whereas (34.33%) belong to S.parasanguinis, (11.94%) S.mitis, (11.94%) S.oralis and (4.48%) S.thoraltensis were identification of them are confirmed by using Vitek - 2 System also. As well as Sensitivity test for S.pyogenes cultures for some of the antibiotics done and the results revealed that all cultures were sensitive to tetracycline and chloramphenicol drugs 100%, while it was different in their sensitivity for other drugs. According to age (2 - 13) years revealed the highest percentage of infection for both male and female, however the percentage of acute and chronic tonsillitis was higher in males than females. In this study, during investigation of the antagonist action of lactic acid bacterial isolates against these pathogenic bacteria, results revealed that the method of L.acidophilus discs gave a high inhibition zones with a diameter of 11.3 mm, while L.fermentum discs yielded a high inhibition zones with a diameter of 7 mm 24 hrs following incubation in comparison with well diffusion method by using suspension of L.acidophilus produced a high inhibition zones with a diameter 7.25 mm 48 hrs after incubation. L.fermentum suspension produced a high inhibition zones with 10 mm diameter 24 hrs following incubation. Also the study included measurement of the inhibition activity for bacteriocins produced by L.acidophilus bacteria against the pathogenic bacteria S.pyogenes on nutrient agar by well diffusion method in which results revealed stability of the bacteriocins effects under different PH (4, 5, 6) with percent (100, 60, 50)% respectively for 24 hrs at higher stability and the highest stability of bacteriocins during PH was 4 with percent 100%, while it lost a lot of its activity with acidic PH less than 2 and basal pH more than 8. During the study the effect of Nacl, Kcl and MgSo4 with different concentrations (1 - 5%) with constant inhibitory effect for bacteriocins produced by L.acidophilus against pathogenic S.pyogenes, The result revealed that Nacl had little effect in inhibition zone with 1&2% concentrations. The salt MgSo4 and Kcl showed reduction in the inhibitory activity with 1, 2, 3% concentration, however the higher concentration of salt caused great reduction as 5% concentration led to loss of inhibitory activity for bacteriocins completely.Also this study showed light on the inhibitory effect of probiotics suspensions against the adhesion property of S.pyogenes after treated with L.acidophilus and L.fermentum.where the Result shown that L.acidophilus inhibit the adhesion of S.pyogenes with percent 68.92% either L.fermentum inhibit the adhesion of this pathogenic bacteria to epithelial cell with percent 30.28%. The study is consisted of showed the inhibitory action for suspensions of L.acidophilus and L.fermentum on biofilm formation by S.pyogenes, it was noticed the action of L.acidophilus in the side more than from the action of L.fermentum. During the study of the effect of suspension and filter of L.acidophilus and L.fermentum on the production of Hemolysin enzyme by S.pyogenes, it was noticed that the ability of suspension belong to L.acidophilus and L.fermentum to reduce the diameter of hemolysis zone which was beta type more than the ability of filter L.acidophilus and L.fermentum to reduce of the hemolysis zone which was beta type.
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توصيف العاثيات الحالة للمكورات العنقودية الجلدية (S. epidermidis) Characterization of Lytic Phage Against Staphylococcus Epidermidis

اسم المؤلف: ريام سليم هندي الزيادي
اسم المشرف: غانم عبود جابر المولى
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: لحصول على عزلات Staph. epidermidisتم جمع (160 عينة) من حالات سريرية مختلفة كالتهاب المجاري البولية, التهابات جلدية, البلعوم, الانف, والاذن. تم الحصول على 51 (875¸31?) عزلة للمكورات العنقودية الجلدية Staph. epidermidis خلال فترة امتدت من ايلول 2014 الى كان | In order to isolate Staph. epidermidis, 160 clinical specimens were collected from (urinary tract infection, skin infection, pharynx, nose, and ear). Only 51(31.875 %) Staph. epidermidis isolates were obtained during a period from September 2014 to January 2015, depending on some biochemical tests and VITEK2 system. The Staph. epidermidis was given (gram stain, catalase , urase) positive, (coagulase, manital fermentation, oxidase, motility) negative, non haemolytic to human blood with some exception, most of the strain were able to produce biofilm, and (100%), (64.70%), (74.50%) resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, and amoxicillin respectively. The Staphylococcus species identified during study were 44 (27.5%) isolates of Staph. aureus, 5 (3.125 %) Staph. haemolyticus, 4 (2.5 %) Staph. saprophyticus, 8 (4%) isolates other Staphylococcus spp. such as Staph. hominis ssp. hominis, Staph. capatis, Staph. xylose, Staph. simulanus, Staph. lentus, and 48 (30 %) from unknown genera. To isolate bacterioghages from sewage water, several sewage water samples were assayed using plaque assay of double agar overlay as a source of Staph. epidermidis phages. The bacteriophages were described depending on plaques size and shapes, phage 1 was the most predominant and frequent in the bacterial lawn and able to infect other S. species such as S. aureus. It has been selected to study it is titer, latent, rise period, and burst size were calculated. The effect of temperature, pH , and NaCl ions on it is original titer were studied.The results revealed a gradual decreasing in the phage titer with increasing dilution number. Latent period extended to (30 minutes) , while rise period was started with (40 minutes) extending to (60 minutes) , burst size was 2.346. Each temperature at several incubation periods , pH , and NaCl ions was significantly varied depending on phage titer. The optimum temperature was 40 ° C, while the 80 ° C was represented the inhibitor temperature. L.S.D. at level (0.05) for interaction was 39.552. The pH 6.5 - 7.5 represented the optimal pH for the best phage activity while the phage titer beginning to declining in above and below this range of optimal pH, L.S.D. at level 0.05 was 17.898 , the optimum NaCl ions concentrations were (0.1 M and 0.25 M), while the titer was significantly decreased with increasing the NaCl ion concentration in the culture solution, the L.S.D. at level 0.05 was (10.696). In conclusion of this study found that Phage1 was considered as predominant phage because of their ability to infect other Staphylococci species such as Staph. aureus.
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دراسة تصنيفية لبعض مراتب الجنس Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae في العراق A Taxonomic Study of Some Taxa of The Genus Ranunculus L. (Ranunculaceae) In Iraq

اسم المؤلف: علي طالب محمد الطائي
اسم المشرف: مازن نواف عبود العاني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: “The current research dealed with fourteen taxa belonging to the genus Ranunculus L., Family Ranunculaceae that grown in Iraq. The study included the gross general morphological and micromorphological characters, the Pollen grains also were studied and the chemical compounds (Flavonoids), Ecological and geographical distribution and taxonomic treatment have been done. Also botanical key was puted to separate the Taxa”.“General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa spread in, and the result was a large crowds of samples, and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded. The specimens in the Iraqi herbaria were studied after ensuring that it was correctly identified”. “Comparative morphological study was undertaken to all plants parts of taxa including the roots, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts. Charts, diagrams, tables were drawn and accompanying with natural images for different morphological characteristics, as well as the field images that are important for the study. This study showed that all the taxa of the genus were herbs that are annual or perennial. There was agreat important for the roots, stems and there Indumentum, the presence orabsence of stipules, shape and size and margin of basal leaves and cauline leaves and leafy bract, the shape of sepals and their numbers and their Indumentum, the numbers and shape of Petals and their colors, the number of Stamens and the colors of Anthers, the shape of ovary and their indumentum, presence or absence of style as it was very useful for the taxonomic identification and separation of the studied taxa. As well as the fruiting parts including the length of fruiting peduncle, the fruiting receptacle, the fruiting head and its shapes and their dimensions, the number of Achene Fruitlets and their sizes, colors and Beak shape. Also the surface configuration of the fruitlets Surface has been studied by (SEM) as it wae either hairy or tuberculate - hairy or Transversely rugose or muricate or reticulate or reticulate - minutly rugose or granular or granular - hairy or granular - hairy tuberculate or spinulose”.“The study of the micro - morphological characters of hairs, leaves epidermal cells and the stomatal complex, have a taxonomic importance of supporting the morphological characters in separation and identification of the genus taxa”.“The study show that the pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because of their difference in shape, dimensions, the wall thickness and their ornamentation. It was either apolar which was spheroidal and pantoporate, or isopolar which has different shapes in the equatorial view it was spheroidal, subprolate and oblate - spheroidal, it was either 3 - colpate, 4 - colpate or 5 - colpat.the colpate where either zonocolpate or syncolpate in the form of parasyncolpate. The ornamentation were verucate, echinateand scabrate”. “The chemical study also has an importance in separation of the genus taxa, six flavonoid compounds were diagnosed by using” HPLC wich are Kaempferol, Vitexin, Orientin, Quercetin, Iso - vitexin and Iso - orientin. According to the presence or absence of those structures cluster analysis where done for the results of the flavonoid compounds and the taxa where divided into groups that reveal the chemical relationships between them.dendogram where performed which also show the chemical relationships between the taxa by using UPGMA method and NTSYS program issue 21. the study shows that the presence and distribution of those compounds vary according to the variation in the plant distribution the study shows that some of the taxa have “the same compounds which enhance its belonging to the Ranunculus genus”. “Through field surveys and information installed on the herbarium samples, the taxa where distributed on their growth areas, and maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical. Most of the taxa were distributed in N. and N.E of Iraq regions districts especially in MAM, MSU, MRO, and FBF districts. We notice that MSU district has a great number of the plants under the study as we found there are all the taxa accept one”. This study helps to detect distribution areas for some taxa that have been not mentioned in the Iraqi flora or other records which are R.kotschyi and R.trichophyllus var.trichophyllus. Also the study records distribution for the new species R.chius in MAM district which hasn't been mentioned in the Iraqi flora in this district before. Finally all the taxa were classified and the botanical key was done to separate them.
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تاثير الادينوسين ثلاثي الفوسفات على اخصاب وتطور الاجنة الاولي خارج الجسم الحي في الفئران كنموذج للجنس البشري Effect of Adenosine Triphosphate On In Vitro Fertilization And Early Embryonic Development In Mice As A Model For Human Being

اسم المؤلف: مهند علي مشكور
اسم المشرف: محمد باقر محمد رشاد فخر الدين نوال خيري العاني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان - الاجنة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: يعد الاخصاب خارج الجسم الحي (IVF) من احد اهم التقنيات المستخدمة لانتاج اعداد كبيرة من الاجنة لبحوث التطور الاساسيه والبيولوجيا الجزيئية لنضوج البويضات المختبري والاخصاب. يعتمد الاخصاب خارج الجسم الحي وظروف حفظ الجنين المثلى على مكونات الوسط الزرعي كونها ا | In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most important techniques used to produce large numbers of embryos for research into the basic development and molecular biology of in vitro oocytes maturation and fertilization. Optimal IVF and embryo culture conditions depend on the composition of culture media being the most important determinants of success in vitro interaction of the gametes and subsequent embryo development. Adenosine 5 - triphosphate (ATP) is a fundamental factor to maintain life, by providing energy, and controlling the cell function and metabolism. Objectives : The present study aims to investigate the effect of ATP supplied to SMART medium on a rate of fertilization and early embryonic development (ED) in mice as a model for human beings.Materials and Methods : The female mice (90) were superovulated using superovulation program to produce a large number of oocytes. These were divided into three groups, the first group was inseminated with vassal sperm in vitro alone (control); the seconed group (G2) was inseminated with vassal sperm in vitro using SMART medium enriched with low concentration of ATP(1.25mM). The third group (G3) was inseminated with vassal sperm in vitro using SMART medium enriched with high concentration of ATP (2.5mM). Mouse spermatozoa were collected from both vasdeferens. Then sperm parameters were assessed after 30 min. IVF technique was performed for 3 groups, and assessed after 20 - 22h. Then, percentages of early embryonic development stages and abnormal embryos morphology (%) for each embryo stage were assessed.Results : Results of the present study revealed significant increment (P<0.05) in the in - vitro fertilization (%) when using 1.25mM ATP as compared to 2.5 mM ATP and the control group. Significant differences (P<0.05) in the 1 - cell stage were assessed in 2.5mM compared with 1.25mM groups and the control group. Also, Significant differences (P<0.05) in the 2 - cell and 4 - cell stage were assessed in 1.25mM ATP compared with other groups. However, non significant differences in the percentages of abnormal embryos morphology were reported between both treated groups of ATP.Conclusion : From the results of present study it was concluded that the low ATP concentration (1.25mM) enriched to the culture medium improved the percentage of in vitro fertilization and early embryonic development.
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تقييم التعبير الجيني للجينات CK19, MGB, MUC1 microRNA - 195 and microRNA - let 7a في نساء عراقيات مصابات بسرطان الثدي Evaluation of MGB1, CK19, MUC1, microRNA - 195 and microRNA - let - 7a Expression In Iraqi Women With Breast Cancer

اسم المؤلف: جودت نوري غائب
اسم المشرف: عبد الحسين مويت الفيصل
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: The present study aimed to shed light on the identification a panel of genes with distinct expression patterns in breast cancer patients as a useful tool for breast cancer early detection and progression. The present study designed to investigate the levels of genes expression of five genes panel (MGB1, CK19, MUC1, miR - let7a, and miR - 195) in circulating free mRNA and miRNA from blood of breast cancer patients versus noncancerous samples (benign tumor and healthy controls) to establish a biomarker panel potentially useful for early detection and progression of disease. The expression patterns of the identified genes were then compared with certain clinical features (age, lymph node status, and tumour size).Blood samples from 55 patients with different stages of newly diagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma were provided by certain Iraqi hospitals. Two control groups were used in this study; 10 samples of patients with benign breast tumors, and 20 samples from healthy donors. The samples preservation with TRIzol was done. Samples subjected to total RNA extraction, and then molecular study by using reverse transcription and real time PCR at Molecular Oncology Unit in Guy´s Hospital - Kings College / London.The study reached the following results : 1. The patients’ age range was 24 - 70 years and the median was 49 years with high frequency of patients in the range of 40 - 59 years. According to the family history, 50(90.91%) of patients were have negative family history. According to the clincopathological features (lymph node status and tumor size) the percentages of patients with multiple lymph nodes and tumor size 2.0 - 2.9 cm were the highest groups, which showed statistically highsignificant differences.2. For MGB1 gene expression, the result showed that 30(54.5%) patients were MGB1 - positive while 25(45.4%) patients were MGB1 - negative.According to malignancy status the percentage of patients with high level of MGB1 gene expression 22(40%) was significantly high. In correlation with age groups there was statistically no significant differences in the levels of gene expression with age. In correlation with clincopathological features, lymph node status showed that the highest percentage of MGB1 positive patients 18(66%) were multiple for lymph node status, and the tumor size results showed that there was decreasing in the MGB1 geneexpression with increasing of tumor size. 3. For CK19 the results of present study showed that 41(74.54%) patients were CK19 - positive, while 14(25.46%) patients were CK19 - negative.According to malignancy status the percentage of patients with high level of CK19 gene expression 30(54.45%) was significantly higher in compare with benign tumor patients and healthy controls. In correlation with age groups there was statistically no significant differences in the levels of gene expression with age. In correlation to the clincopathological features, lymph node status results showed that the highest percentage of CK19 positive patients 24(88.89%) were multiple for lymph node status, and there was increasing in the CK19 gene expression with increasing of tumor size.4. Mucin 1 (MUC1) gene expression results showed that the percentage of MUC1 - positive breast cancer patients 72.73%(n=40) was significantly higher when compared with benign tumor patients and healthy controls. According to the age groups the results showed no significant correlation with patients age groups. The clincopathological features results showed that the highest percentage of MUC1 positive patients 84.21%(n=16) have few lymph node status, and there was statistically significant association between the increasing of MUC1 gene expression and tumor size. 5. The miR - 195 gene expression results showed that the percentage of patients with positive miR - 195 gene expression 83.64%(n=46) was significantly higher than patients with negative miR - 195 expression 16.36%, the study also showed that the percentage of high miR - 195 expression samples 69.09% (n = 38) was significantly higher in compare with benign tumor patients and healthy controls. According to the clincopathological features, patients with multiple and few lymph node metastasis were found to have significantly the highest percentages of miR - 195 expression, while the tumor size results showed that there was increasing in the miR - 195 gene expression with increasing of tumor size. 6. The percentage of miR - let 7a - positive breast cancer patients 81.82% was significantly higher, when compared with miR - let 7a - negative patients 18.18%. In correlation to the clincopathological features, results showed no significant correlation in miR - let7a gene expression levels with patients age groups, for lymph node status, the results showed that the highest percentages of let 7a positive patients were those with multiple lymph node and few lymph node metastasis. The tumor size results showed that there was increasing in miR - let 7a gene expression with increasing of tumor size.7. According to genes combinations, three genes combination (CK19, miR - 195 and miR - let 7a) was significantly positively expressed with percentage of 60%(33/55), which reflect their potential diagnostic and prognostic value.8. The study concluded that the three genes combination (CK19, miR - 195 and miR - let 7a) may have potential applications as a diagnostic and prognostic markers for breast cancer.
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تاثير بعض المستخلصات النباتية في معايير بيولوجية مختلفة للفئران Effect of Some Plant Extracts On Different Biological Parameters On Mice

اسم المؤلف: عقيل حيدر عطا الله
اسم المشرف: مؤيد صبري شوكت
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية للتحري عن المركبات النشطة الموجودة في المستخلص الخام المائي والميثانولي لاوراق الاس والنعناع والريحان ودراسة تاثيرها على فعالية انزيم الاسيتل كولين استريز ومستوى الدهون ومستوى السكر ومستوى انزيمات الكبد(ALP وSGPT وSGOT) ومستوى الانتر | The present study was conducted to investigate the active constituents found in aqueous and methanolic crude leaf extracts of Myrtus communis, Mentha piperita and Ocimum basilicum, and studies it effect on the acetylcholinesterase activity, levels of lipids, level of glucose, level of liver enzymes (ALP, SGPT and SGOT) and level of Interleukins (IL - 2, IL - 4, IL - 6 and IL - 10) in laboratory mice (in vivo). The results of the phytochemical analysis of the crude aqueous and methanolic extracts of Myrtus communis, Mentha piperita and Ocimum basilicum contain active compounds : Phenols, Flavonoids and Tannins and missing of Steroids and Coumarines in all extract but Saponins and Alkaloids found in alcoholic extract only, while terpens were present in Mentha piperita and Ocimum basilicum and absent in Myrtus communis. The results of administrating animals with different extracts showed no significant difference on blood Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) compared with ethanol liquid diet, while the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum in the serum of decreased Acetylcholinesterase level significantly(p?0.05), liver and brain [(1.25 ?pH/30 min, 1.23 ?pH/30 min, 1.28 ?pH/30 min, 1.20 ?pH/30 min, 1.26 ?pH/30 min, 1.28 ?pH/30 min), (0.35 ?pH/30 min, 0.34 ?pH/30 min, 0.34?pH/30 min, 0.36?pH/30 min, 0.42?pH/30 min, 0.39?pH/30 min), (0.32?pH/30 min, 0.37?pH/30 min, 0.39?pH/30 min, 0.36?pH/30 min, 0.34?pH/30 min, 0.37?pH/30 min)] respectively compared with animals fed on ethanol liquid diet [(1.37 ?pH/30 min), (0.47 ?pH/30 min), (0.45 ?pH/30 min)] respectively. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum reported a significant decrease in level of the total cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) [(181mg/dl, 186mg/dl, 175mg/dl, 172mg/dl, 181mg/dl, 184mg/dl), (118mg/dl, 121mg/dl, 114mg/dl, 109mg/dl, 118mg/dl and 120mg/dl)] respectively, when compared with animals fed on ethanol liquid diet [(195 mg/dl), (132mg/dl) ] respectively while no effect was reported on High Density lipoprotein. The level of triglyceride reduced after the treatment with ethanol liquid diet, and then the level increased after the treatment with M. communis and O. basilicum extracts. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum have led to a reduction in the level of glucose in the serum which increased after the treatment with ethanol liquid diet. Methanolic and aqueous extracts decreased the liver enzymes (ALP, SGPT and SGOT) significantly to the normal level (18, 17, 21, 18, 20 and 21) KAU, (19, 19, 16, 13, 17, 17) IU/L and (21, 24, 17, 15, 17 and 19) IU/L respectively after the increase by the treatment with ethanol liquid diet (24) KAU, (26) IU/L, (28) IU/L as compared to control (20) KAU, (12.2) IU/L, (13.5) IU/L, respectively. The level of Interleukin - 2 and Interleukin - 4 in the serum significantly increased in the treatment of alcoholic and aqueous extract of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum [(18 pg /ml, 17 pg /ml, 20 pg /ml, 18 pg /ml, 20 pg /ml, 20 pg /ml), (100 pg/ml, 110 pg/ml, 119 pg/ml, 108 pg/ml, 90 pg/ml, 92pg/ml)] in comparison with ethanol liquid diet treatment [(14 pg /ml), (77 pg/ml)] respectively. While the level of Interleukin - 6 and Interleukin - 10 increased significantly in the serum, when animals were fed with ethanol liquid diet [(259pg/ml) and (501pg/ml)] respectively, and then decreased significantly after the treatment of methanolic, aqueous extract of M. communis, M. piperita and O. basilicum reported [(198 pg/ml, 202pg/ml, 202pg/ml, 201pg/ml, 214pg/ml, 217pg/ml), (370 pg/ml, 385pg/ml, 200pg/ml, 280pg/ml, 350pg/ml and 350pg/ml)] respectively.
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التاثيرات المعدلة - مناعيا للمعززات الحيويه ضد بكتريا Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium المعزولة من حالات الاسهال لدى الاطفال في ذكور الفار الابيض Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics On Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated From Diarrheal Children In Albino Male Mice

اسم المؤلف: صفا خليل ابراهيم
اسم المشرف: عبد الواحد باقر الشيباني علي حسين ادحيه
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: This study aimed to determine the frequency of Salmonella Typhimurium and its multi - drug resistance (MDR) status as a diarrheal causative pathogen in children younger than five years old, as well as to investigate the role of four probiotic microorganisms(L.acidophillus, L.casei, S.cerevisiae, S.boulardi) in controlling such infection.For this purpose, 128 stool samples of patients (76 males and 52 females) was included in this study. They were children suffering from diarrhea and fever who admitted to the “Central Pediatric Hospital” in Baghdad during the period from April to September, 2012. Their ages ranged from six days up to five years.The immunological effects of probiotics and MDR S. Typhimurium isolate in the experimentally infected and probiotic - treated mice were investigated via assessing the level of ten cytokines (IFN - ?, IL - 1?, IL - 4, IL - 10, IL - 12, IL - 17A, IL - 21, GM - CSF, RANTES and IP - 10) in the lavage of small intestine. Accordingly, five groups of mice were used in the in vivo part of this study; Mice in group I received probiotic for 7 successive days, challenged with S. Typhimurium on day 8, and dissected on days 14 and 21. Group II wassimilarly treated, but the probiotic was continued for 14 days. Group III was given the probiotic only, and group IV was challenged with S. Typhimurium, while group V was the control.Results obtained in this study could be summarized as follows : 1. Out of 128 stool samples, S. Typhimurium was isolated and identified in 9 samples only (7.03%). All isolates were totally resistant to nalidixic acid, with the exception of one isolate which showed intermediate sensitivity.Furthermore, only one of these isolates (symbolized B) was found to be resistant to three antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin and nalidixic acid).Therefore, this isolate was considered as an MDR isolate and selected for further experiments in the study.2. When the susceptibility of MDR S. Typhimurium isolate B was further assessed in vitro by using four probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. boulardi, Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. casei), results showed that S.cerevisiae and L. acidophilus were the most efficient by recording the highest inhibition zones (12.6 and 16.3 mm, respectively), therefore, they were further investigated for their anti - S. Typhimurium effects in vitro and in vivo. 3. By using the unconcentrated and (one - fold, two - fold, three - fold) concentrated filtrates of these two probiotics, it was found that the three - fold filtrates were most efficient in their antibacterial activity by recording the highest inhibition zones (25.0 mm for S. cerevisiae and 31.0 mm for L. acidophilus.4. Significant increases in the values of liver index were observed in mice of group I treated with L. acidophilus at 21 days (10.73%) compared to the corresponding group treated with S. cerevisiae (7.41%) or other four groups. For spleen, index value in L. acidophilus groups was higher than the corresponding groups in S. cerevisiae. Mice treated with a probiotic alone or in a combination with the pathogen showed significant increases in the spleen index values of all groups compared to the untreated mice (group V).5. Both probiotics were effective in reducing S. Typhimurium colony forming units per plate (cfu/plate) in the liver and spleen. In liver, mice in group IV showed a count of 224.4 cfu/plate, which was significantly higher than any count in groups of L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae. Group II mice recorded better results than group I mice, while the lowest counts (21.6 and 27.8 cfu/plate for L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae, respectively), were observed at day 21.6. The ten investigated cytokines showed different levels in the small intestine wash; such differences were subjected to the group of mice underinvestigation and type of probiotics used. In addition, variations in IFN - ?/IL - 4, IFN - ?/IL - 10, IL - 4/IL - 10 and IL - 17A/IL - 10 were also observed.
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دراسة تصنيفية حياتية مقارنة لمراتب من الجنس Onobrychis Mill. (Fabaceae) في العراق

اسم المؤلف: زينب جواد عامر
اسم المشرف: عذية ناهي سلمان المشهداني
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: استــهدف البــحث الــحالي دراســة تصــنــيفية مقارنة لاحدى عشر مرتبة تصنيفية تابعة للجنس Onobrychis Mill. من العائلة الفراشية (البقولية) Papilionaceae النامية بريا في العراق وهي O. acaulis وO. caput - galli وO. carduchorum وO. crista - galli بضربيه O. cri | A comparative systematic study was carried out for eleven taxa belong to the genus Onobrychis Mill., Family Papilionaceae grown widely in Iraq, and they are O. acaulis, O. caput - galli, O. carduchorum, O. crista - galli with two varieties O. crista - galli var. crista - galli and O. crista - galli var. trilophocarpa, O. galegifolia, O. haussknechtii, O. kotschyana, O. megataphros, O. ptolemaica, O. schahuensis. The Study included the gross general Morphological characters and Micromorphological characters, also the Pollen grains studied and Anatomy, Chemistry, Enviroment and Geographical distribution and Taxonomic treatment, also botanical key was putted to separate the taxa. General survey for the Phytogeographical districts where the taxa of genus distributed, in order to detect the distribution of the studied taxa of the genus Onobrychis. Therefore many collections obtained and new locations of taxa distribution were recorded, the specimens studied, and correct the mistake naming specimens were identified and reidentified some miss identified specimens. A comparative morphological study was undertaken to all taxa plants parts include the root, stems, leaves, stipules, flowering parts and fruiting parts and drew charts diagrams, tables and accompanying, with natural images for different morphology characteristics, as well as the field images. This study indicates that the characters of Leaf, Inflorescence, Flowers and Fruit were collectively contributed in the separation and identification of taxa. The pollen grains have a taxonomic importance because their different shape, dimensions of polar and equilateral view and wall thickness. The anatomical study showed the importance of Taxonomic support to the morphological characters in the diagnosis and isolation different taxa, and this study showed different in the anatomical characters of leaf include the characters of Epidermis, Stomata and the characters of a cross sections in stems. The current study showed that the trichomes were very important taxonomic in isolate different taxa because their variation in density, dimensions and the shape of epidermis cells that the trichomes arise from them and dimensions of the epidermal cells and the nature of their walls. The current study identified nineteen protein - amino acids by using High - Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the distribution of these compound was variable among various taxa of the genus and that was useful in isolation different taxa. and the aliphatic amino acids, Glutamic acid, Glycine, Serine, Arginine, Alanine, Tyrosine, Valine, Methionine, Isoleucine and Lysine had a wide presence in the studied taxa, which means that they belong to the same genus. The ecology and geographic distribution of the taxa were studied using area survey and information of herbaria specimens, maps have been drawn for taxa distribution in the Iraqi natural geographical provinces. At last, a taxonomic treatment has been carried out for the taxa of the genus Onobrychis, as well as a detailed key to isolate them.
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دراسة عدد من ملوثات الهواء وتاثيراتها البيئية في منطقتين مختارة من جانب الرصافة في بغداد Study of Several Air Pollutants And Their Environmental Effects In Two Regions In Al - Rusafa Site In Baghdad

اسم المؤلف: شيماء هادي حمادي الدليمي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اسم المشرف: محمد نافع علي العزاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: Several air pollutant concentrations such as Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), carbon oxides (COx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), methane (CH4), ozone (O3) and some heavy metals such as lead (Pb) , chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni). Were measured in selected areas of the Rusafa in Baghdad, Anda’lus square (as a commercial site) and Wazeria district (as industrial site).The results showed that the concentration of air pollutants from gases, SPM (NO2, CO, SO2, and SPM) and heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, and Ni) were exceeded globally and locally permissible limits in both study sites, while the concentration of O3, CO2 were within the globally and locally standard limits in both study sites. Commercial site had recorded higher concentrations of (CO2, SPM, Pb) than those of industrial site. While the industrial site had more pollution with (NO, NO2, CO, CH4, Cr). Results showed a relationship between climate factors and air pollutants, where windspeed, temperature, and relative humidity had influenced on the concentration of air pollutants.Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) to nitrogen dioxide gas was identified, by exposing a community of 30 adult male mice. The mice weights were between 23 - 31gm and their age was 8 - 12 weeks. The mice were randomly divided into five groups (6 male of each group). The exposure periods were 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 minutes using different concentrations 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm.The results showed a higher mortality during 150 and 200 ppm concentrations, for exposure periods of 80 and 100 minutes, but other concentrations have not been recorded. LC50 was calculated 161.86 ppm for 80 minutes and 110.53 ppm for 100 minutes.
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دراسة التاثيرات الحادة والمزمنة للمبيد العشبي - 4, 2 دايكلوروفينوكسي اسيتك اسد في نوعين من اسماك الكارب Study The Acute And Chronic Effects of The Herbicide 2, 4 - Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid In Two Species of Carp Fish

اسم المؤلف: ضحى زكي السويفي
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اسم المشرف: احمد جاسم محمد العزاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة - التلوث البيئي
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية التاثيرات السمية الحادة والمزمنة لمبيد 2, 4 - d في نوعين من اسماك الكارب (الاعتيادي والعشبي)، استعمل في دراسة التاثيرات الحادة عدة لكلا النوعين قيد الدراسة وكانت ((170, 165, 160, 155, 145, 140, 130 و(140, 130, 115, 95, 70)ملغم/لتر ع | This study included acute and chronic effects of 2, 4 - d pesticide in two species of carp fish (Cyprinus carpio and Ctenopharyngodon idella) using several concentrations for the two carp fish species that were (130, 140, 145, 155, 160, 165, 170) and (70, 95, 115, 130, 140) mg/l respectively for 96 hours, to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the behavioral changes was used as a standard of those effects. Whereas three concentrations (20, 40 and 60) and (10, 15, 25) mg/l respectively for the two carp species were used in the chronic exposure for six weeks. The behavioral, histological and hematological changes were used as a standard to observe these effects through the study period. The value of LC50 for common carp fish were 157.77, 157.25, 156.41 and 152.62 mg/l. For grass carp, LC50 were 115.92, 114.92, 112.94 and 96.52 mg/l for 24, 48, 72, 96 hrs of exposure to 2, 4 - d pesticide concentrations respectively.Behavioral changes were recorded more effects in high concentrations than in low concentrations. To discover the toxic effects of this substance on fish, many parameters were used. They included the clinical symptoms by erratic swimming, hyperactivity, loss of equilibrium with respiratory effects such as rapid gill movement and swam near the water surface. While in chronic effects, blood parameters were changed in Red Blood Cell R.B.C., White Blood Cell W.B.C., Packed Cell Volume P.C.V., Haemoglobin Hb and liver enzyme (GPT & GOT).Values elevated significantly according to the pesticide concentration (P?0.001) and exposure periods (P?0.05) in comparison with control. The histological examination of the gills, liver and kidney of the common and grass carp fish after chronic exposure to 2, 4 - d herbicide showed pathological changes and alterations such as fusion of the secondary lamella, epithelial lifting, blood congestion, epithelial hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium and epithelial necrosis. In the liver, pathological changes were seen, including hepatocytes hypertrophy, cytoplasmic vacuolation, blood congestion and cellular necrosis. Degenerative changes of the renal epithelium, necrosis in renal tubules and occlusion of the tubular lumen where the pathological alterations in the kidney.
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انتشار داء المقوسات العيني مع تقييم لبعض جوانب الحالة المناعية في عينة من المرضى العراقيين Prevalence of Ocular Toxoplasmosis And Evaluation of Some Immune Status Aspects In A Sample of Iraqi Patients

اسم المؤلف: عبير فاروق ساكن الحكيم
اسم المشرف: اسراء قاسم العبيدي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: اجريت الدراسة الحالية على 104 مريضا من المراجعين لوحدة الشبكية في مستشفى ابن الهيثم التعليمي للعيون في بغداد للمدة من بداية شهر كانون الاول 2013 لغاية شهر حزيران 2014. قسمت مجموعة المرضى استنادا للتشخيص السريري وفحص اختبار التلازن Latex test الى 50 مصابا | The current study was conducted on 104 patients whose underwent to the retina unit in Ibn Al - Haitham Hospital of Eyes in Baghdad from December 2013 to May 2014. The patients groups were divided according to the clinical diagnosis to 50 patients infected with ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) and 54 patents with uveitis, in addition to these groups acontrol group was also included 96 healthy apparent persons without any infection in their eyes.Some epidemiological characters were studied like age, that showed a little effect on two groups OT (Mean of age 38.07 ± 15.14) and uveitis (Mean of age 35.1 ± 17.6). The two groups were found in range 20 - 40 year while the control group include individuals with different age due to the randomly collection. The occupation factor play arole in the prevalence of infection with highly significant differences (P<0.05) in (house wife, workers) with a percentages 35(70%) 35(64.8%) in OT and uveitis groups respectively but the control group expend to include house wife, workers and officers with a total rate 92.7%.The education level also showed significant differences (P<0.01) among the studied groups, the most of ocular toxoplasmosis and uveitis samples were found in highly frequency at the primary, intermediate and secondary educational level with total rate 74% and 77.81% respectively while the control group was found at the secondary and under graduate educational level in 77.1%. The residency character was also examined and no revealed significant difference (P<0.05).The infection path was also set by the presence of animals especially cats which ware existed leading to statistical differences, p? 0.01 for OT group with rate 18%. The visual activity character showed no significant difference (P?0.05) between the patients of OT and uveitis who affected their visual acuity in right eye while the doubling response was recorded for uveitis patients with rate 55.6% in comparable with OT patients with rate 38% for the left eye. The intra ocular pressure was normal in both groups and for both eyes without significant difference.Latex and ELISA IgG. IgM serological tests were used in this study. The results were showed that latex test is easier and it is appear that OT patients were diagnosis with 100%, while the uveitis patients didn't show any positive result. Control group showed that 21 individuals were infected with rate of 21.9%.ELISA - IgG toxo. antibodies confirmed that the infection rate of OT patients was 39 (78%) versus 11(22%) with negative result, while the study also confirm that uveitis patient that have OT disease was 12 patient from 54 case, 42 case didn't diagnosis for OT. The control group was re - evaluated showed 28 case with toxoplasmosis infection from 96 case which from the subclinical group. The antibodies levels were measure by international unit/ ml for all groups, the IgG level was 3.186 ± 1.703 Iu/ml in positive control group followed by OT patients with 2.927 ± 2.417 and uveitis group 0.637 ± 0.803, finally the negative control group 0.276 ± 0.163. IgM levels were low and its presence didn't have any positive case. This study also showed that there was a relation between the IgG level and the pathological effect on eyes which resulted from infection for both groups OT and uveitis, it was high rate 73.5% with 50 patient, for posterior uveitis causing significant differences (P<0.05) followed by anterior uveitis with rate 13.2%.As for the results of cytokines there was a high level of IFN - ? in positive control group 793.7 ± 3461.6 pg/ml followed by OT group 550.6 ± 210.6 pg/ml, the uveitis group that in infected with ocular toxoplasmosis and negative control recorded 524.1 ± 173.6 and 506.6 ± 104.6 pg/ml levels respectively, this rise in the level of IFN - ? cause a significant differences at (P<0.05) for OT, uveitis (non infected) and positive control groups. TNF - ? recorded arise of its level in positive control group 34.89 ± 12.29 pg/ml followed by OT group 32.24 ± 9.91 pg/ml then positive uveitis group 23.61 ± 12.91 pg/ml after them negative control 14.62 ± 5.43 pg/ml finally negative uveitis group with 7.76 ± 4.04 pg/ml.High level of 1L - 12 was gotin positive control group in a concentration 827.00 ± 224.25 pg/ml followed by OT group with 811.28 ± 179.40 pg/ml. An increase in 1L - 17A was recorded in positive control group with mean 327.65 ± 77.89 pg/ml while converged concentration in OT group 263.73 ± 47.48 and positive uveitis group 252.57 ± 61.55 pg/ml. The lowest level was in negative control group 421.6 ± 168.14 pg/ml. MCP - 1 showed a rise in its level in positive control group 274.09 ± 92.05 pg/ml and reduce in OT patients 217.68 ± 98.70 pg/ml, while the two groups negative and positive uveitis recorded levels 155.71 ± 99.51 and 132.60 ± 99.02 pg/ml respectively. The lowest level was register in negative control 97.56 ± 79.17 pg/ml.
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العلاقة بين متلازمة تكيس المبايض وهرمون المضاد لمولر وبرامج تحريض الاباضة عند اجراء عملية التمنية داخل الرحم

اسم المؤلف: عبير ناظم جاسم
اسم المشرف: محمد باقر محمد رشاد فخر الدين صباح مهدي حسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: دبلوم عالي
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: تعد متلازمة المبيض متعدد الا كياس هي من اكثر امراض الغدد الصماء شيوعا عند النساء حيث يصاب من النساء في سن الانجاب مايقارب (5 - 10%). الاعراض الرئيسيه لمرض متلازمة المبيض متعدد الاكياس هو اضطراب الدوره الشهريه مع فشل لاباضه وظهور اعراض زيادة الهرمون الذكر
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التحري الجزيئي عن بعض التغيرات في الدنا المايتوكونديري للنطف لمرضى يعانون من وهن حركة النطف Molecular Screening of Some Changes In Sperm Mitochondrial DNA In Asthenozoospermic Patients

اسم المؤلف: عدي عدنان مهدي
اسم المشرف: اسماعيل عبد الرضا عبد الحسن
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: من خلال البحوث والدراسات التي اجريت على اسباب وهن حركة النطف لدى الرجال الا انه هناك عدد من المسببات لم تحدد والى الوقت الحاضر. الا انه بالرغم من ذلك بعض الدراسات تشيربان العامل الوراثي يلعب دور في ذلك والمتمثل بعضيات المايتوكوندريا والحاوية على الدنا الم | Through researches and studies done on the causes of the asthenozoospermia in men, although there was no specific reason so far responsible for the infertility in people, but some of the studies were indicated that the genetic factors plays a role in the sperm dysmotility through the mitochondria that contained mitochondrial DNA responsible for providing the energy required for the sperm motility by production of ATP, which serve as the fuel that is consumed by sperm during motility. This study is conducted to determine the changes that could occur in the sperm mtDNA which included (common deletion, mtDNA copy number per cell and mutations in the ATPase8 and ATPase6 genes).This study was consisted of two parts as follow : The first part was consisted of two steps : The first step conducted on 71 samples from subjects suffering from the weakness of the movement of sperm and 12 samples from subjects who have a normal movement of sperm, total samples were 83 samples were divided patient samples into 5 groups depending on the percentage of the sperm motility under the classification adopted by the World Health Organization as well as a control group, that it has become 6 groups, these samples were subjected for investigation about the mitochondrial DNA deletions and mitochondrial DNA copy number by using real time PCR.On the other hand was taking 66 sample dispersed sample 56 patients and 10 healthy samples were subjected to the tests of ATPase6 and ATPase8 genes sequences for detection about mtDNA mutation.The second step was included the use of discontinuous gradient centrifugation (percoll) , which are 40 % and 80 % which represent both progressive and non progressive motile sperms, bringing the total samples 166 samples that collected and fractionated in a hospital, Kamal Al - Samarrai to treat infertility and IVF in Baghdad and examined for further molecular investigations for the period from February 2012 to October 2013.The second part was included the molecular tests that carried out after DNA extraction from the cells and this part include three steps : The first step was to investigate the common deletion in mtDNA where the results showed that the total number of deleted samples in the group (0 - 5) in the nonprogressive sperm was 81.25 %, which ranged between 6.8 - 74.7% while the ratio between the other groups 6 - 10, 11 - 15 , 16 - 20, 21 - 25 where were 75, 35.72, 28.5 , 36.3, and 12% for control group respectively. The second step was to investigate the sperm mtDNA copy number. The same groups where the results showed that the content of DNA in subjects with impaired movement of sperm was high compared with the control group where scored in some samples the highest level of gene expression 246.9 copies per cell in the group (0 - 5%) either other groups have shown lower levels were observed in groups (6 - 10) , (11 - 15) , (16 - 20) and (21 - 25) were 203.1, 180.7, 133.5 and 128.3 copies per cell, either the highest level of DNA content of the control group was 94.7 copies per cell, there was also a significant difference (P>0.05) between the normospermic motile isolated from 80% class and poor sperm movement isolated from 40 % class. The third step was included the detection of mutations by analyzing the sequences of the MT - ATAase8 and MT - ATPase6 genes which documented 59 mutations that were 23 missense and 36 silent mutations where all of them were heteroplasmic mutation except for a single mutation of the type missense (A8860G) which was homoplasmic mutation was noticed in all mtDNA copies of patients and control subjects also in progressive and non progressive sperm cells. Thought this current study novel nucleotides changes in MT - ATAase8 and MT - ATPase6 genes among groups where 3 novel missense mutations in MT - ATAase8 gene at positions (8378, 8483 and 8558), the changes of nucleotides bases were A>G, A>C, A>C and A>C respectively, replacing Asparagine to Aspartic acid, Leucine to Proline and Proline to Alanine respectively. Also two novel missense mutations were observed in MT - ATPase6 gene at positions nt (8822 and 9055) where the changes nucleotides were (C >T and G>A) that replaced amino acids (Serine to Phenylalanine and Alanine to Threonine) respectively. Silent novel heteroplasmic change as a transition substitutions in ATPase8 gene at position nt (8371) by replacing C>T without any changing in amino acid of protein. Results of this present study showed novel heteroplasmic silent mutations in ATPase6 gene at positions nt (8899, 9048 and 9060) nucleotides changes (C>T, T>C and C>A) respectively, without changing in amino acid of protein which were observed in infertile group
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تشخيص بكتريا Neisseria gonorrhoeae بالطرق التقليدية والجزيئية في المرضى الذكور ودراسة مدى تاثيرها في حدوث الحذوف في موقع AZF Conventional And Molecular Diagnosis of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae In Male Patients And Study Its Suspected Effects In Microdeletions In Azf Locus

اسم المؤلف: غزوان علي مسلم الرماحي
اسم المشرف: عبد الرضا عبد الحسن اللامي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: التقنيات الاحيائية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: This study includes 82 clinical samples from male patients suspected to have gonorrhea (urethral discharge with dysuria). Two types of samples were collected from each patient, urethra swab and blood samples from patients who attended Al - Yarmouk teaching hospital in Baghdad city, Clinics and private laboratories during a period from December 2012 to April 2013. All of them were married and have children's, and 20 samples were taken from apparently healthy subjects.Cases caused by gonococci were diagnosed by finding the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria in the samples using microscopic examination and culturing on rich media chocolate agare for growth bacteria and selective media modified Thayer martin agar (MTM) contact antibiotic to prevent growth of all the types of bacteria except N. gonorrhoeae.Microscopic examination using specific kit for gram stain, showed gram negative diplococcus, like bean shape. Culturing on rich media revealed that 82 (100%) samples positive but re culturing on Modified Thayer martin media revealed that 76 (92.68%) out of 82 positive. Then biochemical test had the same results.Results of the molecular diagnosis of the bacteria causing gonorrhea using specific primers that were specific for the Orf1 gene, revealed that 80.26% of samples (61 out of 76) were positive. Results of the microdeletion in Y chromosome AZFc region revealed that no microdeletion were occurred in SY - 254 STS and BPY - 2 gene.This study, provided high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of gonorrhea using PCR technique which is cheaper and faster than traditional methods. Also, PCR - based method for detection of N.gonorrhoeae can be readily used in hospitals and laboratories.
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الكشف عن السمية الوراثية لمستخلص نبات الصبار Aloe vera باستعمال المؤشرات الجزيئية والخلوية Genotoxic Effect of Aloe Vera Extract Using Molecular And Cytogenetic Markers

اسم المؤلف: غيث منذر فاضل
اسم المشرف: نضال نعمة حسين
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات - الوراثة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: نبات الصبار Aloe vera L. من النباتات المهمة والتي تستعمل حاليا بشكل واسع في مجال صناعة الادوية ويضاف هلام الصبار الى اغلب مستحضرات التجميل مع بعض المواد الغذائية في جميع انحاء العالم, لذا تم دراسة التاثيرات السمية الخلوية والوراثية لتراكيز مختلفة من المس | Aloe vera L. is one of the important plants in the world.It is currently and widely used in pharmaceutical industry, and its gel in some time added to some foods all over the world. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic and genetic effects of crude, alcohol and aqueous extracts of Aloe vera gel toward the onion(Allium cepa L.) roots (as a biological system) exposure at different periods. Onions roots were treated with different concentrations of the extracts : 2% , 5%, 10%, 20% and 40% (v/v)of the crud extract , 5%, 10%, 20% 30% and 50% (v/w) of alcohol extract and the concentration 25%, 50%, 100%, 150% and 200%(v/w) of aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel exposed for different period (24, 48 and 72) hour. The investigation were focused on the effect of these extracts on onions roots length rate and some cellular properties (mitotic index, phase index, the percentage and type of chromosome aberrations, as well as a genetic study using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) of onions roots treated with different concentration of this extracts. Results showed that all Aloe vera gel extracts had inhibit activity toward onion roots length rate. The inhibition associated positively with the increasing concentration. The effective concentration (EC50%) were 10% of the crude extract, 20% of the alcoholic extract and 100% of aqueous extract, indicating the effectiveness of the crude extract followed by alcoholic extract and then the aqueous extract. Cytological study showed that all Aloe vera gel extract revealed a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI%) of the onion roots cells compared with the control group, and the effect was positively associated with the increasing concentrations of the extract. However, the effect was independent on the exposure period. The concentrations 10%, 20% and 150% of the crude, alcohol and aqueous extract respectively indicated a reduction of the mitotic index to almost 50% of the control treatment. Therefore, this concentrations considered as sub - lethal concentrations for this extracts respectively while the higher concentrations than 30%, 50% and 200% of the crude, alcohol and aqueous extract which reduced the mitotic index to almost 22% of the control treatment were considered as lethal concentrations. The results also showed a significant decreases in prophase and an increase in metaphase in onion roots cells treated with extracts comparison with control treatment. Many of chromosomal abnormalities were appeared due to the treatments of the onion roots with different concentration of the extracts, the percent abnormalities was increased with the increasing concentration of the extract and exposure period. The most frequent of chromosome abnormalities were chromosomal stickiness, disturbed chromosome, chromosomal bridges, C - mitosis, vagrant chromosomes in addition to the other chromosomal abnormalities star telophase. The toxicity effect of Aloe vera gel were studded on molecular level by using random amplification polymorphism of DNA(RAPD). Ten random primers were used, seven of them gave polymorphic bands in all the studied samples and their molecular weights were ranging from 100 to 1600 base pair. The results of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) showed significant difference in the number of DNA band and their molecular weight of the onion roots treated with Aloe vera extracts compare to control treatment. The high concentrations(higher than EC50%) of extracts were showed to be more effective on the DNA through the appearance or disappearance of larger number of DNA band in comparison with control. The genetic template stability (% GTS) was significantly decreased in DNA of onions root treated with high concentrations (higher than EC50%) of Aloe vera extracts, therefore the high concentrations of Aloe Vera extracts were considered to be genetically toxic. The genetic dendrogram was obtained using Jaccard factor of genetic divergence and the result showed segregation of the samples treated with heights concentrations (%40 200% and 50%) of crude, alcohol and aqueous extract from other samples and control treatment. Therefore, the RAPD method can be considered as an efficient method in detecting for assessment of genotoxicity of crude, alcohol and aqueous extract of Aloe vera gel.
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التفكك الحياتي لمبيدي الملاثيون والدورسبان باستخدام مزارع احاديه وخليطه من البكتيريا Biodegradation of Malathion And Dursban By Mono And Mixed Bacterial Cultures

اسم المؤلف: فائزة كاظم عمران
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اسم المشرف: عادل مشعان ربيع
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: البيئة
الدرجة: دكتوراه
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2015
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: عزلت 45 عزلة بكتيرية محليه من مجموع 30 نموذج تربه ملوثة بالمبيدات والتي جمعت خلال فترات زمنيه مختلفة ومن مناطق مختلفه في بغداد. اختبرت قابلية العزلات البكتيريه على تفكيك مبيدي الملاثيون والدورسبان. اجريت غربلة اولية وثانوية باستخدام وسط الاملاح المعدنية ا | Forty five local bacterial isolates were isolated from thirty different soil sample contaminated with pesticide, These samples were collected from different Baghdad regions at different periods. The bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to biodegrade certain pesticides (Malathion and Dursban). Primary and secondary screenings were carried out using solid Mineral Salts Medium (MSM) and Liquid (MSM) with 100 ppm Malathion and Dursban at 37 0C, pH 7. Twenty seven isolates resistant to Malathion and Dursban were isolated. Out of 27 bacterial isolates from different locations in Baghdad. Results from primary screening showed that the 10 isolates had good growth, 5 isolates gave moderate growth, 12 showed weak growth and only 9 isolates failed to show any growth.According to current results, 10 bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban in liquid medium, However, secondary screenings results by using minimal inhibition concentration(MIC) revealed that only four bacterial isolates had the highest ability to degrade Malathion and Dursban and subsequently were identified as Pseudomonas putida, Esherichia coli, Escherichia hermanii and Staphylococcus vitulinus by Vitek compact system respectively.The optimum conditions (incubation period, pH, temperature) for growth and biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban were examined. The obtained results indicated that the best incubation period was after 7 days, pH =6 and favorite temperature was 350C.Measurement physicochemical properties for soil pH, temperature (C°), electrical conductivity EC (µs/cm) for both Dursban and Malathion concentrations(ppm) collected from six different locations within Baghdad city. Biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban in soil inoculated with different bacterial mono - cultures and mixed - cultures were investigated. soil pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, cations and anions, on the population of native Malathion - Dursban tolerant bacteria in the cultivated soils of six sites. The result showed that soil physical properties like temperature and electrical conductivity affect significantly to native Malathion - Dursban tolerant bacterial density. Similarly, the soil chemical properties like pH, cations and anions had more effect on the abundance of Malathion - Dursban tolerant bacteria in the soil. However, the impact of soil organic carbon, organic nitrogen and available phosphorus was very significant. The results of the present study can be utilized for the development of effective bioremediation process for pesticide - contaminated soil. Under optimal conditions, Malathion and Dursban degradation was measured by using GC - MS analysis. The results revealed that Pseudomonas putida was the best isolate for degrading Dursban by monoculture isolate (47.18%) , while mixed culture(P.putida and S.vitulinus) was the best in degrading Malathion and Dursban that gave 90.84% and 81.055% respectively. Results also indicated that the number of byproducts produced by mono and mixed culture of Malathion and Dursban biodegradation. Whereas the results obtained from GC/Ms analysis revealed that not detected of toxic byproduct Malathion and Dursban degradation by Pseudomonas putida and Staphylococcus vitulins respectively.Moreover, under natural conditions.The study tested the ability of selected bacterial isolates (P. putida and S. vitulins) in biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban, the results showed slower biodegradation by selected bacterial isolates compared with laboratory conditions but study showed a intermediet product like phenol, diethyl phosphorothioate and oxon.The GC - MS results showed that the number of metabolic intermediates formed during the degradation of Malathion by bacterial mixed - culture were relatively higher in number than by bacterial mono - culture.The mass spectra of malathion containing samples treated with bacterial mono and mixed culture showed no any known toxic intermediates. The result indicated that the two main degradation products resulted from bacterial degradation, namely malathion monocarboxylic (MMA) and malathion dicarboxylic acid (MDA), the first one may convert into the latter over time. Some other degradation products may occur such as ethyl hydrogen fumarate (EHF) but in negligible amount.The result indicated that the main degradation products resulted from bacterial degradation of dursban is trichloropyridinol(TCP) and then de - chlorinated into 2 - pyridinol.The mass spectra results obtained in this study showed that the dursban was degraded to many metabolites.The results suggested that the bacterial isolates were not forming any toxic intermediates but no any intermediate was identified till R.T. 22 minutes. This indicated that dursban is probably completely metabolized by the isolates into smaller intermediatesThe isolate Pseudomonas putida isolated from soil contaminated with pesticides was identified genotypic tests. Molecular typing was performed by RAPD - PCR and comparison of the results to other Pseudomonas isolates. The result shows that genotyping differences between isolates and found the convergent percent biodegradation between this isolates of both selected pesticide, although from these differences, there was no more effect to biodegradation, which means that the biodegradation of Malathion and Dursban not related to genotype
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دراسة امكانية الاستفادة من تركيز بروتين المصل الفعال نوع سي بروتين التفاعلي CRP في التشخيص المبكر للاصابات البكتيرية لحديثي الولادة وتحديد توقف اعطاء العلاج من خلاله The Study of Usefulness of C - Reactive Protein Concentration In The Early Diagnosis And Determining The Duration of Antibiotic Therapy of Suspected Neonatal Bacterial Infection

اسم المؤلف: قاسم ابراهيم حسين
اسم المشرف: ايمان ناطق ناجي البياتي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: الاحياء المجهرية
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: ان التشخيص السريع لاصابات تجرثم الدم في الاطفال حديثي الولادة من الامور المهمة وذلك لخطورة الاصابة المؤدية الى الموت.الغرض من دراستنا هو امكانية استخدام فحص سي - البروتين الفعال في التشخيص المبكرلهذا المرض البكتيري وكذلك استخدامه في تحديد نقطة التوقف عن ا | Rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections of newborn infants is very important itcause of morbidity and mortality. Aim of the studyThe aim of the studyis to examin the possibility of using C - reactive protein in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, as well as its use in determining thestop point of the antibiotic treatment.Patent, Materials and methods This study was conducted at the Hospital of Ibn - Albaladi for children and women in Rusafathe Healthoffice / Baghdad.Iraq from February 2013 to February 2014.The number of patients with bacterial infection was 102 (62%) of the total number of patients (165) who were admitted to the neonatal care unit aged less than 28 days and their weights was more than 1500 g,. The number of males was 92 (56%) and the number of females was 73 (44%), the number of patient withearly onset sepsis EOS (less than three days) was 43 (42%) and with late onset sepsis LOS for (more than three days) was 59 (58%), 43 (57%) ofEOSwas normal deliveries infected and cesarean deliveries infected 33 (43%), while51 (57%) of LOS was normal deliveries infected and cesarean deliveries in LOS was 38 (43%). Blood samples were collected and divided into three portion : bloodculture, CRP andhematological profile.1 - Blood culture.Blood was collection from neonatal sepsis patientinto special blood culture bottle and incubate in bact /Alert 3 D device when growth of bacteria then subcultured on blood agar, MaCconkey agar, and incubatedusingvitek /2 to diagnose bacterial infection anddeterminetheir susceptibility to antibiotic treatment.ResultThe Compact results indicated that 63 (38%)of patient were negative and 102 (62%) were positive out of them 23 patients (22.6%)were infected with gram negative bacteria including {Klebsiella pneumonia 30%, Acinetobacterlowffi 17%, Enterobacter cloaca 13%, } while 79 (77.4%) were infected with gram positive bacteria including { staph Homins and staph hemolyticus each 28% then staph epidermidis 13% and staph aureus 10%, while strep spp was 6% }. 2 - c - reactive protein.It was done by twomethod for the same samples in order to characterize the accuracy of the diagnosis. The first method was agglutination test (method 1) the cut off value for positive result ? 6 µg % 79 (48%)were negative, while 86 (52%) werepositive, while the second method was immune test (method 2) µµµusing Nycocard device werethe cut off value for positive result ? 5 µg % the results 102 (62%) were positive while 63 (38% negative.3 - hematological profile.The hematological profile of our patient included PCV, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, count were measured using Emerald automated Hematology device. The results of these tests werenot compatible with the results of the blood culture, but normal result were compatible with negative blood cultures. The results adopted of blood culture confirm the presence of bacterial infection and then compared with theresults CRP test and blood profilefor the same samples.Negative result of blood culture and CRP test were 54 (33%) while positive results of blood culture and CRP test were recorded and improved after taking treatment for (, 3, 5, 7,) days for (40, 31, 5)patients respectively.ConclusionWeconcluded C - reactive protein test was useful in the diagnosis of bacterial blood infections and determine the stop - point otreatment. Gram negative bacterial isolates were sensitive impinim, livofloxacin and Amikacin while they were resistant to Ampicillin, Ampicillin /Sollbectam and Gentamycin. on the other hand gram positive bacteria were sensitive to Amikacin, Ampicillin/sulbactam Ciprphloxacin, and Tigecyclin and were resistant to Erythromicin, and Oxacillinand Benzylpencillin.
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تحديد شدة الاصابة الحادة والمزمنة لداء المقوسات الكوندية بواسطة مستويات (IL - 6, IL - 8, TNF - ?) Determination of Acute And Chronic Toxoplasmosis By Estimation of IL - 6, IL - 8 And TNF - ? Levels

اسم المؤلف: لينا قاسم كاظم الزهيري
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اسم المشرف: بان نوري القاضي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: الحيوان
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: المقوسات الكونديه من الطفيليات الشديده النجاح في انشاء اصابة مزمنه طويلة الامد. وقد اجريت الدراسة الحاليه على 366 امراة (117 مجهضات، 141 حوامل، 108 غير متزوجات) جمعت من مستشفيات مختلفة في بغداد. جمعت عينات الدم لجميع المجاميع المدروسة خلال الفترة مابين تش | Toxoplasma is a highly invasive parasite which establishes a life - long chronic infection. The present study was performed on 366 women (117 miscarriages, 141 pregnant and 108 singles) aged (17 - 35) years old from different hospital in Baghdad. Blood samples were collected from all patients during the period of Oct.2013 until of Jan. 2014. Anti - toxoplasma antibodies in the sera of all samples by using two tests, Latex test (LAT) and ELISA (IgG), (IgM) while, the proinflammatory cytokine were estimated by evaluation of the cytokine such as (IL - 6, IL - 8, TNF - ?). The results were showed that : ? The infection rate of toxoplasmosis by LAT was (41.53%) which was more sensitive than ELISA IgG (36.85%), and miscarried women were diagnosed by higher anti - toxoplasma IgG antibodies 62/117(52.99%), while pregnant result were lower 30/108 (27.78%). ? The most frequent age group of chronic infection with T.gondii was (23 - 28) year in both miscarriage and pregnant women, and represented by 45.16%, 40% respectively. While the most frequent age group for a single woman was (17 - 22) years, and represent 46.511% of the total number of this group.? Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis by ELISA IgM test revealed low sensitivity in different studied groups 25/366(6.830%), and miscarried women were diagnosed by a highly significant (P ?0.01) percentage of acute toxoplasmosis14/117(11.965%).and The age group of (17 - 22) years old diagnosed high significant (p?0.01) percentage of acute toxoplasmosis in all studied groups.? According to the distribution of infected miscarried women with toxoplasmosis and gestational age by ELISA IgM the result showed that most of miscarriages were occurred at the first trimester which considered high significant (p? 0.01) 8/14(57.42%). While, chronic infected women at the second trimester (4 - 7 month) diagnosed by significantly (P?0.01) higher percentage of miscarried 24/62(38.71%).? The level of pro - infalmmatory cytokine (IL - 6) in acute infected miscarried women with toxoplasmosis distincted with a significantly high increase (P? 0.05) (177.31±12.53 Pg/ml) in comparison to chronic infected one (119.36 ±14.07 Pg/ml).While, chronic infected pregnant women was low significantly (P ?0.01) (48.41± 2.79 Pg/ml) in comparison to acute infected one and other studied groups, ? The acute infected singles was (118.98± 15.68 Pg/ml) higher non - significantly (P?0.05) than chronic infected one (112.65 ± 17.91 Pg/ml) and both disease activity were significantly higher than its level in healthy singles.? The level of TNF - ? in acute infected miscarried women distincted with significantly higher (P?0.05) (97.46 ± 5.37 Pg/ml) in comparison to chronic infected women (69.55 ± 4.58 Pg/ml), Whereas the mean level of TNF - ? in pregnant infected women during acute phase (62.31 ± 3.82 Pg/ml) was significantly (P?0.05) higher than chronic infection (21.42 ±2.74 Pg/ml)? Single infected women showed high significant increase (P?0.05) of TNF - ? level (50.48 ± 7.42 Pg/ml) in comparison to chronic infected one (35.46± 5.36 Pg/ml) and both disease activity scored high significant increase (P?0.05) of TNF - ? in comparison to healthy singles (18.29 ± 1.02 Pg/ml).? Finally, the mean level of IL - 8 in miscarried women with positive infection with T. gondii during acute phase (187.92 ± 15.38 Pg/ml) was significantly (P?0.05) higher than chronic phase of infection (140.57 ± 13.87 Pg/ml).Whereas the mean level of IL - 8 in acute infected pregnant women (110.32 ± 9.13 Pg/ml) was higher significantly (P?0.05) than healthy pregnant (91.49 ± 7.59 Pg/ml) and healthy singles (88.82 ± 5.62 Pg/ml).? Infected single women showed highly significant (P?0.01) increased levels in both diseases activity in comparison to single women without infection (88.82± 5.62 Pg/ml).
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دراسة التاثيرات السمية للـ Gliotoxin المنتج من العفن Aspergillus fumigatus باستخدام تخمرات الحالة الصلبة Study Toxicity Effects of Gliotoxin Produced By Aspergillus Fumigatus Using Solid State Fermentation

اسم المؤلف: محمد عادل نوري
اسم المشرف: عبد الكريم جاسم هاشم
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: تم اختبار قابلية عشرة عزلات للعفن Aspergillus fumigatus على انتاج الغليوتوكسين بوساطة تخمرات الحالة الصلبة وباستخدام الرز كوسط زرعي (ركيزة). اشارت نتائج الغربلة ان العزلة AF - 5 كانت هي الافضل واعطت اعلى انتاجية.كانت الظروف المثلى لانتاج السم على وسط الر | The ability of Ten Aspergillus fumigatus isolates for gliotoxin production were screened by solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice medium as substrate. The results indicated that, the AF - 5 isolate was the highest gliotoxin producer.The optimum conditions for gliotoxin production by AF - 5 isolate on rice medium were : - inoculum size 6×106 spores, moisturizing ratio (5 : 1) (w : v) with distilled water and incubation at 37 ?C for 10 days. Gliotoxin was purified from crude extract of AF - 5 isolate after production under the optimum conditions using solid state fermentation SSF. Purification of gliotoxin was achieved by two steps including : filtration and solid phase extraction. These processes were accessed to remove debris from crude extract and gives pure gliotoxin. The gliotoxin concentration was (122.6 ppm), which was detected by Thin layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography.The result of cytotoxicity effect of both purified extract and standard gliotoxin on human lymphocytes with exposure time of 24 hours at four different concentrations 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppb showed growth inhibition percentage 21, 39.10, 61.99, 87.45% and 17.89, 34.92, 58.34, and 85.22% respectively. The cytotoxicity effects have been done using conversion of the MTT to MTT formazan. After DNA was extracted from lymphocyte treated with toxin and analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel, gliotoxin appeared to have ability to damage the DNA. Results showed that both growth inhibition and DNA damage were increased gradually with the increasing of gliotoxin concentration.
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تحديد بعض المعادن الثقيلة والتلوث البكتيري في الحليب الخام والمستورد المجفف Determination of Some Heavy Metals And Bacterial Contamination of Raw And Imported Powder Milk

اسم المؤلف: مروة صباح طالب
الجامعة: جامعة بغداد
اسم المشرف: محمد نافع علي العزاوي
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: الانكليزية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: يتعرض الحليب للعديد من الملوثات الفيزيائية والكيميائية والبيولوجية وذلك بسبب طرق الانتاج واسلوب النقل وعمليات التسويق ومن هذه الملوثات المعادن الثقيلة والرقم الهيدروجيني ودرجة الحرارة والبكتيريا. وقد صممت الدراسة الحالية لفحص عينات للحليب الخام التي جمعت | Milk is subjected to various physical, chemical and biological pollutants duo to producing, transporting and marketing processes such as certain heavy metals, pH, temperature and bacteria. The current study was designed to examine fresh milk samples were collected randomelly at early morning from six different locations at a rate of once each month during study period which commenced in October 2013 and ended in march 2014 and powder milk brands which were examined again for six months as in case of fresh milk where these milk brands were collected from local markets each month. The results of heavy metals showed that : • The investigation of Lead content in raw milk revealed that the highest mean value (1.801±0.311 ppm) was scored in Abo - Ghraib sample and the lowest mean value (0.941±0.104 ppm) was observed in Ghazaliya sample. For the Cadmium content in raw milk that the highest mean value (1.532±0.124 ppm) was found in Abo - Ghraib sample and the lowest mean value (0.063±0.044 ppm) was found in Fal'loga. The Copper content in raw milk also investigated and resulted the highest mean value was (0.931±0.092 ppm) in Azizia milk sample and almost similar value (0.931±0.301 ppm) was found in Madain sample while the lowest mean value was (0.308±0.029 ppm) in Fal'loiga sample. The highest mean value of Potassium in raw milk was recorded in two samples in Azizia (9718.8±246.6 ppm) and (9718.3±482.2 ppm) in Abo - Ghraib but the lowest mean value (4156.3±268.3 ppm) was recorded in Essaouira. Regarding Sodium content in raw milk, the results have found that the highest mean value was (2968.8±312.2 ppm) in Essaouira sample while the lowest mean value was (1432.5±156.8 ppm) in Abo - Ghraib. The Chloride content in raw milk samples, the highest mean value was (3053.0±128.6 ppm) recorded in Fal'loga sample and the lowest mean value was (639.0±198.4 ppm) was found in Azizia sample. Analysis of variance of these data showed significant effects (P?0.001) of both sampling sites and collecting months on milk (pb, Cd, K, Na and Cl) contents while analysis of variance of these data reveals no significant impact of sites on milk Cu content (P> 0.05) where no differences were observed between mean value of different collecting sites but shows highly significant (P? 0.001) effects of collecting months.• While powder milk has shown that the highest mean values of Lead (1.225±0.052 ppm) were found in Al - Mudhish brand and the lowest mean value (0.088±0.002 ppm) was detected in Anchor. The highest mean Cd value was (0.184±0.005 ppm) in Nido brand and the lowest mean value was (0.069±0.003 ppm) in Altunsa sample. While the highest mean value of Copper was (1.656±0.254 ppm) in Dielac powder brand and Anchor milk brand had the lowest copper mean value which was (0.767±0.014 ppm). The concentration of Potassium was (9625.0±462.9 ppm) which is the highest recorded in Dielac milk sample and the lowest mean value (3356.8±225.6 ppm) was found in Al - Marai milk sample. While the highest average of Sodium was (2625.0±342.6 ppm) scord in Dielac brand and the lowest average was (1745.0±338.4 ppm) recorded in Al - Marai sample. The highest mean value of Chloride (193.0±41.0 ppm) was recorded in Nido milk brand and the lowest mean value (122.7±22.2 ppm) was found in Altunsa milk sample. However, analysis of variance shows significant differences (P?0.001) between examined milk brands while no such differences were found between these brands (P>0.05) regarding collecting months.From the above results, it seems that the highest content of (Pb, Cd and Cu) are higher than those of standards of the International Dairy Federation (IDF) while contents of (K, Na and Cl) are within the standard requirement according to National Research Council (NRC).Microbial tests of raw milk samples were positive for bacterial growth, as different bacterial species were observed such as Lactobacilli spp. 63.8%, Streptococcus spp. 61.1%, Staphylococcus aureus 44.4%, Escheritia coli 88.8%, Bacillus spp. 72.2%, Salmonella typhi 72.2%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 30.5%, Pseudomonas spp. 47.2%, Micrococcus spp 27.7%, Clostiridia spp. 66.6%, Enterococci spp. 11.1% and K. pneumonia 75% from bacterial contamination of raw milk samples.However, only (11.1%) of the total collected samples of raw milk were suitable for human consumption and (88.9%) unsuitable, indicating that the source of infection or contamination of milk may be due to the animal health, human handler and the environmental factors, e.g., contaminated vessels, polluted water, flies and dust, etc… Obviously, bacterial contamination test of powder milk samples was carried out and negative results were obtained. However, it seems clearly that the opportunity of finding bacterial contamination in powder milk samples may be very rare since milk powder is produced in well designed and modern techniques. Nevertheless, a single bacterial contamination test has indicated to a positive growth of Staphylococcus aureus colonies.
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تاثير المجال الكهرومغناطيسي في بعض صفات النمو والحاصل والانقسام الخلوي لنبات العصفر Carthamus tinctorius L The Effect of The Electromagnetic Field On Some Growth Characteristics And Yield And Mitotic Index For Carthamus Tinctorius L

اسم المؤلف: مروة قيس ابراهيم العبيدي
اسم المشرف: ماهر زكي فيصل الشمري
الموضوع العام: علوم الحياة
الموضوع الدقيق: النبات
الدرجة: ماجستير
اللغة: العربية
السنة: 2014
مكان الجامعة: بغداد
المستخلص: اولا : - التجربة الحقلية : اجريت التجربة في الحقل التابع لقسم علوم الحياة - كلية التربية للعلوم الصرفة - ابن الهيثم، وصممت باستخدام تصميم القطاعات الكاملة المعشاة Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) حيث تم تعريض البذور قبل الزراعة لمجال كهرومغناطيسي | First : - Field experience : the experiment was conducted in the Department field of Biology - College of Education, Pure Science - Ibn al - Haitham, and designed using design Full sectors Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) where the seeds exposing to electromagnetic field in the Department of Physics - Electrical Laboratory - College of Education, Pure Science - Ibn al - Haitham before planting them in five intensities (0, 5, 10, 15, 20) mT and two (1.2 and 3) an hour for each intensity to see the electromagnetic field effect in some of the qualities of growth and yield plant Safflower the results were as follows : The effect of electromagnetic field strength was positive traits and was the highest increase in exposure to the intensity of 10 mT for each of the (percentage of germination, root size of the second date, plant height, leaf area, leaf area guide, the dry weight of the root system at the time the second, fresh weight of shoots at the first appointment, the average absolute growth, the sustainability of biomass, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, protein, chlorophyll, the number of inflorescences, yield the plant, 100 - seed weight, yield seeds, carbohydrate content, the concentration of nitrogen, protein) and average (81.21%, 18.33 cm 3, 93.37 cm, 71.29 cm 2, 1.187, 8.21 g.plant 1, 155.13 g.plant - 1, 1.76 g.yum 1, 691.67 g, 2.03%, 0.733%, 2.47%, 12.96%, 56.96 spad, 44.55 Nora.plant - 1, 46.60 g.plant - 1, 5.35 g, 161.80 kg. acres - 1, 38.74 mg. plant - 1, 12.09%, 13.50%), respectively, except for the size of the root first date, fresh weight of the total root for the first two dates, and second, the dry weight of the root system in the first date, fresh weight of shoots in the second deadline, the dry weight of shoots for the first two dates, and second, the specific weight of the oil had the highest increase at exposing the seeds to the intensity of 15 mT and average (15.16 cm, 15.12 g. Plant - 1, 26.00 g plant - 1, 3.98 g plant - 1, 411.08 g.plant - 1, 20.03 g. Plant - 1, 69.15 g. Plant - 1, 1.069%, respectively) and the highest increase of the proportion of total oil when exposure to the severity of 5mT an average 33.94%. The effect of the length of time in field was significant in most of the qualities which gave the term two highest increase with the exception of germination percentage was the highest increase in exposure for a period of three hours, with an average (60.79%, 91.01 cm, 67.51 cm 2, 1.124, 131.93 g. Plant - 1, 337.61 g. plant - 1, 1.68 g. Day - 1, 1.92%, 12.04 g. plant, 55.99 Spad, 146.06 kg. dunams - 1, 4.77 g, 40.23 mg. plant - 1, 28.03%) for each of the (germination percentage, plant height, leaf area, leaf area guide, fresh weight of shoots in the first date, fresh weight of shoots in the second deadline, the average absolute growth, nitrogen, protein, chlorophyll, yield seeds, 100 - seed weight, carbohydrate content, the total percentage of oil). As was the overlap between field strength and duration significant effect on most of the traits with the superiority of treatment (10 mT for two hours) on the rest of the other transactions for each of the (germination percentage, the size of the root of the first two dates, and the second, plant height, number of branches, leaf area, area guide paper, fresh weight of the root system of the first two dates and II, , dry weight of the root of the first two dates, and the second, fresh weight of shoots for the first two dates, and second, the dry weight of shoots for the first two dates, and second, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, protein, chlorophyll, the number of inflorescences, He yield the plant, 100 - seed weight, yield seeds, carbohydrate content, the concentration of nitrogen, protein) and average (39.33%, 16.50 cm, 19.50 cm, 103.86%, 17.00, 79.83 cm, 1.330, 16.43 g.plant - 1, 29.20 g. plant - 1, 4.16 g.plant - 1, 10.48 g.plant 1, 184.06 g. plant - 1, 416.33 g. plant - 1, 22.35 g. plant - 1, 73.25 g. plant - 1, 2.10%, 0.800 %, 3.04%, 13.15%, 60.31 spad, 49.14 Nora.plant - 1, 53.37 g. plant - 1, 6.14 g 185.97 kg. acres - 1, - 1.plant 47.81 mg, 2.28%, 14.25%), respectively, with exception each of the average of the absolute growth and sustainability of biomass, where the highest increase in exposure to the intensity of 10 mT for a period of three hours and average (1.85 g.yum 1, 724.85 g.yum), respectively, and total percent of the oil was the highest increase in exposure to the intensity of 5 mT and for three hours and an average of 37.28% and the intensity of 15 mT for a period of three hours, specific gravity of oil and an average of 1.081%Second : - laboratory experiment : experiment was conducted in the laboratory of physiology of the plant Higher Studies - Department of Biology - College of Education, Pure Science - Ibn al - Haitham, and designed using the full random design Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to study the electromagnetic field effect five intensities (0, 5, 10, 15, 20) mT and two (1.2 3) per hour on the severity of the cell division of the safflower plant results were as follows : The results showed that there is a positive effect of the electromagnetic field on the traits and was the highest increase at exposing the seeds to the intensity of 10 mT for each of the (number of dividing cells of the tops of developing the parties to the roots, the total number of cells to the tops of the parties to the roots, and guide cell division developing the tops of the parties to the roots) and average (156.00% 1143.00%, 12.17%), respectively. The effect of duration of exposure, and had a significant effect on the average number of total cells to the tops of the parties to the roots reached 1042.20% when the exposure for two hours.The effect of overlap between the severity and duration of the electromagnetic field significant was effect in all cellular qualities and was the highest increase in exposure to the intensity of 10 mT for a period of one hour and average (167.00%, 13.52%) for each of the number of dividing cells developing the tops of the parties to the roots and guide cell division to the tops of developing the parties to the roots, The total number of cells to the tops of the parties to the roots was the highest increase in exposure to the intensity of 10 mT for two hours and an average of 1203.50%.
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