Author name:
مصطفى محسن الحاج محمد
Supervisor name:
امين عبد النافع امين | بهاء عامر عبود الجبوري
University location:
Mosul
Abstract:
It is obvious that every fair - minded that the study of ancient Iraqi languages, especially the Akkadian language and reading the cuneiform texts, which was recorded in this language, is of a great importance to identifying the ancient history of Iraq and the civilization achievements which made in this important part of the ancient world. Even become the cuneiform texts, the main source on which depend on most of researchers in interpreting of the political developments and cultural achievements which was Mesopotamia gripped during the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian periods. There are some reasons behind the choice the title of this study "The Request Style in the Akkadian language A comparative study with the Hebrew language" : the first one, being that is one of most important and essential subjects, and that the topic was a new and has not been tackled in a rhetorical depth, especially by the academic researchers, foreign as well as Arabs. The request style have gains a large area of Akkadian language, and almost no cuneiform text empty from these styles, as well as this study was comes to find out some of the eloquence secrets in both Akkadian and Hebrew through experience the text to learn these styles and determine their exact meanings, especially since the request style construction is one of the most important sections of semantics involves beneath connotations and hidden meanings, not aware, without diligent and patient attitude. The Akkadian library - so to speak - is almost empty - handed from the books which is talk about the Akkadian rhetoric, especially in this (meanings) , and if we found anything of that thy would be of general nature and views,and thy would be duplicate observations in most cases, this situation applies to the Hebrew language. So that this study is the first one which "knock on the door" to talk about these styles The past methodology of the study in the college was tackled the comparison between the Akkadian and Arabic in particular,and with others Arabite languages in general, while this study depends upon the Hebrew language as model for comparison with the Akkadian language. The Hebrew language represents one of the most important Arabite languages which is spoken at this time, and the study of the Hebrew language in the department of Cuneiform Studies had a major role in choosing this topic, because this approach helps the students taste the Akkadian language when compared with other Arabite languages to and shows the similarities and differences on the light of the applied and descriptive approach to study the grammar and rhetoric phenomena . Hebrew language is the language spoken by the sons of Israel, its a branch of the large linguistic family called Arabite languages, Hebrew language was not in itself, but it was composed of several dialects of Canaan, where grew up primarily on the land of Canaan before the exodus of the sons of Israel to it. The study depends upon the ancient Babylonian dialect ( - BC),as a basis. As for the Hebrew language, we have adopted the grammar of ancient Hebrew, this stage begins about the tenth century (B.C) about ( - BC). The approach which is taken by the study is the analytical method, which is based on the study of the characteristics and features of the request styles which came from the nature of the Akkadian and Hebrew texts, , because its approach questioning the connotations through the syntax of the texts, these texts are addressed to reveal the ingredients of these styles and its meanings There is one issue which is worth mentioning, namely the role of the Arabic language in the enrichment of the topic for the rhetoric article, especially in the area of the metaphorical meanings, as the Akkadian language lacks from the rhetorical studies and secondary meanings. This study is divided into four chapters. There is an introductions brief revealing the value of these styles in the speech. The first chapter tackled "The command style" in both Akkadian and Hebrew contrasting and applications, and the research is addressing to statement the formats of the command style, its definition and formulation, drained and derived from the triple and quadruple forms, and showing of its meaning and its connotations nearby clear and the long - hidden, or what is called the first meanings and second one, were applicable in this study on a number of Akkadian and Hebrew texts, which came to those styles. The second chapter is devoted to "The prohibition style", and its tools and applications in Akkadian and Hebrew, as well as rhetorical meanings that came to it, and as the pattern of the first chapter. Chapter three examines "The interrogative style" and the ways of fulfilling its the functions as the interrogative by tools, characters, tonal, and verbs, and statement its metaphors meanings that came out to it. Followed by the fourth chapter, which is including three styles, the first is involved on study "The wishful thinking styles" and tools, and meanings, followed by the second style, which examined "The Vocative style" the study explains its tools and its uses, and then third style deals with identify of "The demand style by the announcement format" These chapters varied in their material subject, and that was inevitable, because the nature of the subject mater of these styles, and multiple forms of each and breadth of the meanings of others. Finally, the conclusions of the research included the main ideas and results.
