Author name:
مريم محمود عيدان الجبوري
Supervisor name:
حسين علي فليح الخزرجي
Abstract:
The Kirkuk Brigade is one of the most important Iraqi brigades, occupying an important strategic position in northern Iraq, making it a North - South link, As well as containing the black gold (oil), which is the greatest wealth in the world, in addition to the fact that the brigade is an important agricultural area, It includes a colorful social structure composed of different nationalities and spectrums of Turkmen, Arabs and Kurds, As well as the different religions and doctrines in which Muslims, Christ and Jews previously, all of them live together as brothers and lovers are linked with the bonds of friendship, marriage, love and brotherhood, All of this made the brigade of Kirkuk the focus of everyone's attention is the heart of Iraq's spring. During the period 1958 - 1968, the Kirkuk Brigade witnessed clear developments in all its political, social and economic situations, As the revolution of 14 July 1958 and the subsequent political events had a positive and negative impact on the brigade in particular, The political events and the political struggle for power that the country experienced during the study period had a negative effect on the Kirkuk Brigade. The results were clear in 1959 as the worst massacre in the history of the brigade, Moreover, the revolution of July 14, 1958 had positive effects on its behalf if the government undertook many urban projects in order to promote and raise the social, cultural and economic level of the country. The researcher reached the following conclusions : • As a result of a new republican regime, administrative changes were required, as some administrative units moved on the one hand, and new areas of the brigade were created as a result of the expansion of some administrative units and the increase in the number of its inhabitants.• The researcher realized that the powers of the military ruler were during the rule of Abdul Karim Qasim far more than the powers of the administrator and became all civil matters in his hand as well as that the local administration has become subject to his supervision, which made the military rule until 1963 when the arrival of Abdul Salam Aref to power canceled the post The military ruler and expanded the powers of the executive.• In the field of education and education in the brigade, the government took care of this aspect a lot and worked hard to raise the level of cultural and during the period of study and the opening and restoration of several schools within the Kirkuk Brigade, and encouraged the education of women and opened secondary schools for girls and received primary education luck, Primary schools in the brigade, This is due to the large numbers of people and the importance of education, As well as the availability of all educational services, including free education, which was an encouraging factors that prompted families to send their children to school, We also note that the number of schools opened during the reign of Abdul Salam Aref was less, as we compared in the preparation of schools opened during the reign of Abdul Karim Qasim, This is due to the lack of government allocations for the budget of education and directing it to another area to carry out other projects because of the government's sense of self - sufficiency in the preparation of schools.• In the health field, it has also received great attention from the government as many hospitals, health clinics and maternity and childhood centers were opened during the study period to raise the level of health in the brigade, The researcher also found that the number of hospitals has decreased during 1967, due to the cases of integration and cancellation of the hospitals in the brigade, as well as the government's sense of self - sufficiency in the number of hospitals opened in the brigade reduced the health budget and turned it into the military establishment.• The transport and communications sector witnessed a remarkable development within the Kirkuk Brigade as the government took care of it. It established a passenger transport service as a result of the increase of the population of the brigade during that period. It also opened many bridges and roads and provided all social services to cope with development and change to raise the social level.• Agriculture in Kirkuk was characterized by the development of the republican era as a result of modern irrigation projects, including the introduction of modern agricultural means, including mechanization, as well as the construction of dams and dams, which raised the agricultural reality, as well as the agricultural environment of Kirkuk helped improve the quality of production.• The industry, along with traditional industries, found other handicraft industries that led to the establishment of factories and factories that concentrated in the main cities of the brigade. This led to the development of the internal trade of the brigade. Kirkuk became the center of the brigade, a commercial center, which led to the emergence of commercial markets which diversified in diversified commodities and industrial products. What distinguishes the study period is the establishment of an industrial bank that took upon itself the financing of industrial projects, which resulted in the emergence of civil projects in Kirkuk
