Author name:
غزوان طالب نوري الجابر
Supervisor name:
صبيح هليل المياح | احمد محسن عذبي
Abstract:
The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the activity of green alga Enteromorpha intestinalis extracts (methanol and hexane extracts) on growth and development of hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro and in vivo by using mice type Mus musculus Balb\c that in comparing with albendazole drug. Anti - cancer activity was also evaluated in vitro for both algal extracts by using HeLa cells. Chemical compositions of algal extracts were analyzed by using Gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy (Gc - mass)technique . The hydatid cysts were collected from livers and lungs of infected sheep which slaughtered in Basrah abattoir. While, The algae specimens were collected from Abu Sokhir marshland area /north of Basra. The results revealed that E.intestinalis chemical compounds are carbohydrate , alkaloids, phenols , saponins , triterpenes and sterols compounds. In vitro study showed that the 1 mg / mouse weight of albendazole drug was able to reduce the percentage of protoscolices activity to zero after the third day of treatment. While, the dose 6 98 mg / kg of methanol extract inhibited all protoscolices after five days of treatment, followed by the dose 804 mg / kg of hexan extract that inhibited all protoscolices after six days of treatment.In vivo study revealed that the methanol extract (698 mg / kg) treatment was the best in reducing the weights of organs significantly in comparison with the positive control group it was 2.192 , 0.192 , 0.434 and 0.282 g of liver, spleen, lung and kidney respectively. The methanol extract (698 mg / kg) treatment lowered the average number of hydatid cysts (2.6) more than other extracts treatments , then followed by hexane extract (804 mg / kg) treatment it was 2.8 cyst .This study has identified that the liver enzymes Aspartate transaminase (ALT) and Alanine transaminase (AST) values in the serum of positive control group were higher significantly than negative control group the value of the enzyme ALT was 79 IU / l and the value of the enzyme AST was 118.4 IU / l.All methanolic extracts groups showed a preference in enzyme's values compared with other treatments groups , the value of ALT enzyme of 698 , 688 and 678 mg / kg of methanol extract groups were 46.8 , 45.8 and 44.6 IU / l respectively, while all hexane extracts groups showed a preference in AST enzyme values compared to the other treatments groups, the value of AST enzyme of 804 , 794 and 784 mg / kg of hexane extract groups were 73.6 , 70.2 and 70.4 IU / l respectively. Found a significant increase in the number of white blood cells WBCs in a positive control group ( 4.6 × 013μ), compared with a negative control group and the other groups, While it has been found significant decrease in the Hb (5..8deciliter) and Packed cell volume (PCV) (31..%) values in positive control group as compared with control negative group. The study found that the number of white blood cells WBCs n the methanolic extract group (678 mg / kg) was 4.06 × 103 microliter was as same as in the negative control group, In contrast, hexane extract group (804 mg/ kg) has did not significant difference with negative control group in the Hb and PCV were 11.5 g / dl and 36.8% respectively .Histological study confirmed that there are the histological changes in positive control group included congestion , bleeding , degeneration , infiltration of inflammatory cells and hyperplasia. Whereas the histological changes in group treated with albendazole were bleeding, infiltration of inflammatory cells , atrophy of the glomerulus and fibrosis in some areas . In algal extracts groups the histological changes were infiltration of inflammatory cells, bleeding and congestion.The Gc mass results revealed that the ethanol extract contains loliolide , ethyl stearate , palmitic Acid , ethyl palmitate , phytol , ethyl oleate , ethylhexyladipate and squalene compounds. While, hexane extract has N, Ndimethyltetradecylamine , diisobutyl phthalate , palmitic Acid , ethyl palmitate and ethylhexyladipate compounds.Anti - cancer study showed the algal extracts have an inhibition activity against cancer cells, The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of the methanol extract was 79.08 μ/ ml, While, the IC50 for hexane extract was 156.3 μ/ ml.
