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تصنيع علائق سمكية غير تقليدية ودراسة الصفات الكيميائية والمايكروبية والحسية والقابلية الخزنية وبيان تاثيرها على نمو صغار اسماك الكارب الشائع ( Cyprinus carpio L.) == Manufacturing of Unconventional Fish Diets and Study of Their Chemical, Microbial and Sensory Characters along with Storage Stability and Their Impact on the Growth of Young Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Author name: جعفر موسى صالح الغراوي
Supervisor name: صباح مالك الشطي | نادرة كاظم السالم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تقييم بيئة هور الجبايش باعتماد الادلة البيئية والحياتية == ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CHEBAISH MARSH BY ADOPTING ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL INDICES

Author name: ابراهيم مهدي عبد
Supervisor name: ازهار علي الصابونجي | امنة علي هاشم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

استزراع نوعين من الطحالب الخضراء ونوع من الدولابيات واستخدامها في تغذية يرقات الكارب الشائع Cyprinus carpio == Culture of Two Species of Green Algae and One Species of Rotifers and Their Uses in the Feeding of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Larvae

Author name: وليد فاروق عبد القادر
Supervisor name: امنة علي هاشم | ازهار علي الصابونجي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

المسببات المرضية لاربعة انواع من الاسماك في محافظة البصرة == Disease agents of four fish species in Basrah Province

Author name: اسى حنون كاظم
Supervisor name: نادرة كاظم السالم | نجم رجب خميس
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة التغيرات البيئية للفينولات فـي شط العرب وفروعه الداخلية واثرها على كثافة الطحالب == Study of environmental changes of phenols in the Shat AL-Arab and its internal branches and their effect on algae density

Author name: زينب جودت موسى
Supervisor name: ازهار الصابونجي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

استخدام بعض الاضافات الغذائية في تحسين خواص علائق اصبعيات اسماك الكارب الاعتيادي Cyprinus carpio L. == Involvement of Some Food Additives to Improve Diets Properties of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Juveniles

Author name: محمد علي محمد احمد السنباني
Supervisor name: نجم قمر الدهام
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تمايـز بعض الاعضاء والانسجـة في اجنـة ويرقات سمكـــة البنـي (1874) Barbus sharpeyi Günther == Differentiation of some Organs and tissues in embryos and Larvae of Bunni Barbus sharpeyi Gunter(1874)

Author name: حمـيد خــلف حــسين الـموســــوي
Supervisor name: باسم محمـــد جاســم | ساجد سعد حسـن النور
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التغيرات الفصلية لبعض العناصر الثقيلة في عضلات ثلاثة انواع من عائلة الشبوطيات في هور الحويزة وشرق الحمار == Seasonal changes to some of heavy metals in the muscles of three species of fish (Cyprindae) from Al-Hawizeh Marshe and south Hammar

Author name: غسان عدنان كامل النجار
Supervisor name: جبار خطار |حامد السعد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التقييم البيئي لتجمعات اسماك جنوب شرق هـور الحمار شمال مدينة البصرة، العراق وباستخدام دليل التكامل الحياتي == Ecological Assessment of Fish Assemblage For South-East AL-Hammar Marshe, North of Basrah IRAQ, by Biological Integrity Index

Author name: احمد جاسب جبار الشمري
Supervisor name: جبار خطار الزوار | كاظم حسن يونس
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة تركيب وتوزيع تجمعات الاســماك في شط العرب == Study of structure and distribution of fish assemblages in the Shatt Al-Arab River

Author name: عبد الله نجم عبود
Supervisor name: عبد الــرزاق محمود محمد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

التحفيز المناعي في اسماك الكارب الشائع Cyprinus carpio باستعمال بعض البوليمرات الطبيعية مختبريا == Invitro Immunostimulation of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) By Using Some Natural Polymers

Author name: بشار عبد الحسين عليوي السعدي
Supervisor name: خالدة سالم النعيم | ابراهيم محمد سعيد شناوه
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

استخدام ودليل Palmer التلوث العضوي للتقييم البيئي لمياه شط العرب العراق == Using the Palmer Index and the Organic Pollution Index to ecological Assessment water of Shatt Al - Arab River - Basra - Iraq

Author name: حسام محمد عاشور الكنعاني
Supervisor name: صالح عبد القادر عبد الله العيسى
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

تاثير استخدام المستخلص المائي لورق الغار Laurus nobilis كسابق حيوي في النمو والحالة الصحية لاسماك الكارب الشائع . Cyprinus carpio L == Effect of bay laurel's (Laurus nobilis(leaf extract as prebiotic on growth and health status of common carp Cyprinus carpio L.

Author name: صفاء عدنان شعبان السعد
Supervisor name: خالدة سالم النعيم | ماجد مكي طاهر
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

استعمال بعض النباتات المائية الخام والمخمرة في علائق اصبعيات الكارب العشبي Ctenopharygodon idella == The use of some raw and fermented aquatic macrophytic in the diets of grass carp Ctenopharygodon idella fingerlings

Author name: رعد محمد سيد لافي
Supervisor name: رياض عدنان التميمي | علي اسماعيل جودة
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

د راسة بيئية مقارنة لنوعين من اللافقريات البرنقيل Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) والدودة الحلقية Namalycastis indica (Southern, 1921) في محطتين في شط العرب == Comparative ecological study of two species of invertebrates Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854)and Namalycastis indica (Southern, 1921) in two stations of Shatt Al - Arab River

Author name: نور سعد احمد الحمادي
Supervisor name: انتصار نعيم سلطان | جاسم محسن عبد
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present research aimed to study two invertebrate speciesAmphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) and Namalycastis indica(Southern, 1921) in two stations along Shatt Al - Arab River in Basrahprovince, southern Iraq. Two stations were selected for this purpose,these two stations were affected by the tidal phenomenon, namely Abu - Alkhaseeb and Karmat Ali.The samples were collected monthly for the period from October 2015 - September 2016. Environmental factors represented by the temperature(air and water), salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen and biological oxygendemand, calcium and nitrates as well as knowledge of soil tissues weremeasured. Samples of the animals were collected by five replicates inAbu - Alkhaseeb station and four replicates in the Karmat Ali station, thenisolated and washed with running water and preserved in numbered plastic bags and were classified based on the taxonomic keys. The total densities of the two animals were detected in addition to the density in the vertical distribution. The statistical evidence was used to find out the differences in the density. Population sizes of the two animals were study and divided into volumetric categories, the process of separating generations was conducted by using probability graph paper to get the true age of the animal as well as study for each class to learn biomass and secondary production.The results of the environmental factors showed that the ranges of parameters as following : air temperature 13.5 - 41.4 °C and water temperature 11.8 - 34.9° at Abu Al - Khaseeb station; air temperature 11.3 - 45 °C, water temperature 10 - 37 °C at Karma Station, pH 6.9 - 8.8 at Abu Al - Khaseeb station and 7.14 - 8.5 at Karma station, salinity 4.22 - 6.6 ppt at Abu Al - Khaseeb station and in Karma station 5 - 7.1 ppt. For dissolved oxygen 6.2 - 11.1 mg/L at Abu Al - Khaseeb station and at Karma station 6 - 12.4 mg/L, biological oxygen demand 1.58 - 4.02 mg/L at Abu Al - Khaseeb station and 2.04 - 5.88 mg/L at Karma station, calcium concentration at Abu Al - Khaseeb station was 160 - 175 mg/L and Karma station 160 - 190 mg/L, nitrate concentration 13.9 - 15.6 mg/L, 14.2 - 17 mg/L at Abu Al - Khaseeb and Karma stations respectively. And tissues of soil were silty clay Abu Al - Khaseeb station and loamy clay in Karma Ali station.The monthly density of each animal was calculated at each station. For barnacle the highest percentage was 2740 individuals/m2 recorded in April 2016 at Abu Al - Khaseeb, the highest percentage in the Karma station was 890 individuals/m2 recorded in October 2015, and for worms was an average of 70 individuals/m2 and 184 individuals/m2 recorded in October and November at Abu Al - Khaseeb and Karma stations respectively. The structure of population sizes was also studied to determine the changes in the population. To illustrate this, it was divided into six categories of barnacle and seven categories of worms.The study examined the of length - weight relationships (dry, ash and organic matter) and to study the total biomass content and the volume groups of each generation of the two populations by multiplying the density of individual/m2 for each generation by dry weight, ash and organic matter. Abu Al - Khaseeb had H generation 7.27 g/m2 dry weight, 5.30 g/m2 for ash weight and 1.63 g/m2 for organic matter, H generation in Karma was the highest mass of 2.338 g/m2 for dry weight and 1.694 g/m2 for ash weight and 0.527 g/m2 for organic matter.The monthly biomass B g/m2 was calculated from adding of the biomasses for each generation and the average (B) of the biomass was derived from divided the sum of the biomass for the months of the year on total sampling month. Total annual secondary production was calculated for each generation of population groups in terms of dry weight, ash and organic matter using the method which summarized in the calculation of density average multiplied by the difference in weight.The highest value of barnacle at Abu Al - Khaseeb was 14.5367 g/m2 for ash weight and 4.536 g/m2 for organic matter, for worms were 2.228 g/m2 for ash and 2.8397 g/m2. In the Karmat Ali, the barnacle had 5.800 g/m2 of ash and 1.0794 g/m2 of organic matter, the worms had 7.583 g/m2 for ash and 9.2845 g/m2 for organic matter.The rate of growth of the two animals was detected by finding the average length of each generation of the population groups per month for each animal. In order to achieve a curate result on the age of the animal in the field and the calculation of its productivity it was necessary to conduct the process of separation of the generations of the population group and therefore used the Probability graph paper method, thepopulation of both studied animals is polymodel.

الدورة التكاثرية للروبيان النهري الشرقي Macrobrachium nipponenseو (De Haan, 1849 [In De Haan, 1833 - 1850]) ارتباطها ببعض العوامل البيئية في نهر المسحب جنوب شرق هور الحمار، البصرة، العراق == Reproductive cycle of Oriental River Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849 [ In De Haan, 1833 - 1850]) and its correlation with environmental factors in Al - Masshab River, Southern East of Al - Hammar Marsh, Basrah, Iraq

Author name: اشواق طالب عباس
Supervisor name: عبد الحسین حاتم غازي | عبد الحسین حاتم غازي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study, investigated the reproductive cycle of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense during period from December 2015 to November 2016 at Al - Masshab River, Southern of East Al - Hammar Marsh/ Basrah. The water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolve oxygen and turbidity were recorded, the maximum average for water temperature was 28 ºC recorded in July, while the minimum was 12 ºC in January. Water salinity was fluctuation between 0.8 - 2 ppt. in April and November respectively. pH values ware recorded between 7 - 7.6 during all study months. The minimum of oxygen concentration was 5.5 mg/ L in July and the maximum 8.29 mg/ L in the December. Also there are some changes in turbidity of water, the lower was 15.3 NTU in February and the highest was 40.1 NTU in the April. The results of length groups showed, occurrence of group between 44 - 35 mm for females and between 54 - 36 mm for males. The minimum length for females was 48.3 mm in November, and for males was 52.1 mm in November. While themaximum length for females and males were 69.1 mm and 74.7 mm in September and August respectively. The minimum average of weight was recorded in the November for females and males ( 1.6 and 2.0 ) gm respectively, while the maximum average was 4.3 gm for females in September and 4.5 gm for males in August. The total carapace length for females between ( 19.3 - 32.5 ) mm in November and September respectively , and for males was between 21.0 - 31.6 mm for the same period. Length - weight parameters (a and b) of the equation : W = aLb were estimated for M. nipponense , positive correlation ( r= 0.67) for females and ( r= 0.90 ) for males, while the relationship between carapace length and total length were (r = 74) for females and (r = 0.85) for males. Additional to relationship between carapace length and body weight were (r= 62) for females and (r = 0.75) for males. The highest Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) was 10.6 recorded in September, and the lower was 2.7 recorded in July. In this study we observed two peaks for reproductive, the first in Jun. and second in the August. The best percentage for ovigorous was recorded in August 98.7 % whereas, percentage of the non ovigorous in this month was 1.3 % .The condition factor for females was changed between 1.1 during November and 2.10 during September. While for males was between 1.3 to 2.9 during November and August respectively. The seasonal variations in the sex ratio of prawn was different according reproductive cycle, and there was more females than males during reproductive period. The minimum was 1 : 0.17 ( male / female) in February and the maximum percentage was 1 : 9.00 ( male / female) in the Jun. The overall fecundity of 307 ovigorous female of M. nipponense was calculated, the Absolute fecundity ranged from (799 - 2047) egg/ individual, while the relative fecundity between (208 - 578) egg/ gm. The correlations of fecundity with total length and fecundity with body weight were positive for both, it were r= 94 and r= 0.90 respectively. Additional, the eggs had been classified into four stages, based on the external morphological characters such as colour ,size and histological. Egg dimensions varied between 675 + 28 to 763 + 31 μm.

دراسة محتوى الاحماض الدهنية في زيوت بعض الاسماك في بيئتين مختلفتين في مدينة البصرة، العراق == Study of Fatty acid content in oils for some fishes from different environments in Basrah, Iraq

Author name: ندى رافد عثمان
Supervisor name: امجد كاظم رسن | ضياء فالح الفكيكي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study was conducted during the period from October 2013 until September 2014 to estimate the fatty acids for three types of marine fish Acanthopagrus arabicus, Chelon subviridis and Cynoglossus arel also three types of river fish, Leuciscu svorax, Coptodon zillii and Carassius auratus.The results analyzed statistically using statistical program SPSS and using the complete randomized design CRD with three replicates and studied factors tested using the rate least significant difference test R.L.S.D at the level of probability (0.05) where indicated the results of statistical analysis that the presence of difference (P <0.05) in fat content between the species studied except A. arabicus with C. subviridis and A. arabicus with L. svorax and C. subviridis with L. svorax and C. arel with C. zillii as there are no significant differences (P <0.05), the highest percentage of fat in A. arabicus for spring (4.23%) while the lowest rate in C. arel for summer (1.75%), while the humidity was between statistical analysis to the absence of significant differences (P> 0.05) between the fish species except L. svorax with the rest of the species, where they found significant differences (P <0.05) between them, with the highest percentage of moisture in C. arel in summer as it stood at 79.14% and the lowest percentage of moisture in A. arabicus in spring (70.8%), as the results indicated an inverse relationship between humidity and fat by the differences of the seasons and for the most of the species studied. Characterized C. arel for autumn by higher contents of ash (8.1%) and achieved significant differences(P<0.05) between the species except C. subviridis with C. zillii and C. auratus with L. svorax as there were no significant differences (P> 0.05), while the lowest percentage was in L. svorax for winter (1.24%), while, the results of protein content showed no significant difference (P>0.05) except L. svorax with A. arabicus, C. subviridis and C.Barel, C. auratus and C. zillii, as well as C. arel and C. zillii, because there were no significant differences among them, A. arabicus achieved the highest value in spring (20.12%) and the lowest rate it was for C. arel in summer (14.18%).The oil extracted by organic solvent, and the fatty acids estimated using the gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (calculated on the total amount of the fatty acids), the content and the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) during winter, spring, summer and autumn 25 - 45%, 23 - 40%, 15 - 45%, 40 - 30% respectively, and the proportion of unilateral unsaturated fatty acids double bond MUSA 40 - 15%, 40 - 22%, 18 - 45% and 46 - 27%, respectively, and the proportion of fatty acids multi - unsaturated double bond 35 - 10%, 45 - 13%,17 - 44% and 42 - 20%, respectively .the palmitic acid C16 : 0 occupied the highest proportion among the fatty acids during the seasons of the year except autumn, where was the palmitoleic acid the highest one among the acids.The uncommon fatty acids studied also during the four seasons and8 - Octadecenoic acid has won the highest one among all the fatty acids in the seasons except winter, which saw Heptadecanoic acid has the highest rate.The types of omega - 3 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 : 6 n - 3) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20 : 5 n - 3) examined also for the studied fish types during the four seasons where the proportion of EPA high in winter (68.73%), followed by summer as it was 50.59%, while the second type of omega - 3 DHA was the rate of increase convergent during the four seasons, which saw summer the highest rate (49.27%) and the lowest rate was in autumn (40.15%).

عزل وتشخيص البكتريا المرافقة لبعض الاصابات المرضية في بعض الاسماك في محافظة البصرة، العراق == Isolation and diagnosis of bacteria associated with some disease infections in some fishes in Basrah Governorate, Iraq

Author name: نادية علي حسين الشمري
Supervisor name: نجم رجب خمیس | اسعد محمد رضا الطائي
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The aim of this study was to isolate and identifying the pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria from infected fish, healthy fish and water. One hundred andfifty three healthy and infected fish were collected during the period from October2015 till April 2016, which included seven species viz. : (6) Acanthopogrusarabicus Iwatsuki, 2013; (65) Cyprinus carpio L., 1758; (14) Coptodon zillii(Gervais, 1848); (15) Hypophthalmichys molitrix (Val., 1844); (23) Planilizasubviridis (Val., 1836); (15) Oreochromis niloticus (L., 1758) and (15) Poecilialatipinna (Lesueur, 1821).The samples of water and fishes were collected from seven different stations inBasrah governorate as, Hartha station (Floating cages), Al - Mashab river station,Basrah University station (Terrestrial ponds), Al - Seeba station (Terrestrial ponds),Al - Marbad station (Concrete ponds), Mehaijran station (Terrestrial ponds) andShatt Al - Basrah canal.The environmental properties of water have studied such as pH, the lower valuewas 6.9 in Al - Mashab river station, while the maximum was 8.4 in Al - Seebastation, meanwhile the maximum average was 7.8 in the Shatt Al - Basrah canal. For salinity the range was recorded from 1.5 ppt at Al - Mashab river station and 45.6 ppt at Shatt Al - Basrah canal. Otherwise the maximum value was 35.2 ppt in the same station.The values of temperature were fluctuated from 12 ᵒC in Al - Marbad station to 31.2 ᵒC in the Shatt Al - Basrah canal.The results of the present study appeared that, the fish was infected with different diseases, including : Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus, Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Bacterial Gill disease, Fin rot, Vibriosis, Dropsy, red mouth and Pox disease.The bacteria were identified in the present study using Vitek II system, API kits and biochemical tests. The accurate identification of Vitek II was between 85 - 99% for most bacterial genera, while failing to identify the species of Vibrio.Many bacterial species were identified from infected fish, from Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus disease, five species were identified as Staphylococcus lentus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae and Burkholderia pseudomallei. From Vibrosis disease, seven species were identified as Staphylococcus haemolyticus, V. cholerae, V. alginolyticus, V. costicola, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From Dropsy disease only one species was identified as Raoultella ornithinolytica. From red mouth disease, three species were identified as Enterobacter cloacae complex, Shigella group and V. cholerae. From Fin rot disease, two species were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila and Aer. sobria. From Diplostomatosis, also two species were identified as V. diazotrophicus and Aer. hydrophila, while from Pox disease, only two species were identified as V. furnissii and Globicatella sanguinis. Finally from Ascocotyle only E. coli was identified.On the other hand, the bacteria were isolated from the water of studying stations and identified as : Staph. lentus, Aer. hydrophila, R. ornithinolytica, V. Alginolyticus, V. furnissii, E.coli, V. costicola , V. gazogenes , B. pseudomallei, V. cholerae , Ent. cloacae¤Aer.sobria, K. pneumniae pneumniae, G. sanguins, E. areogenes, P. aeruginosa.Meanwhile, the bacteria also isolated from healthy fishes and identified as : Aer.hydrophila, E. coli, V. alginolylius, B. pseudomallei, V. gazogenes, P. aeruginosa,Ent. cloacae, K. pneumniae pneumniae and Proteus vulgaris.

دراسة بعض الجوانب الحياتية لاسماك السمنان الطويل Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 في الجزء الجنوبي لنهر الفرات، العراق == Some Biological Aspects of the Bleak, Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 in the southern reaches of Euphrates River, Iraq

Author name: ليلى عبود عوفي
Supervisor name: عبد الرزاق محمود محمد | باسم محمد جاسم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: جمعت 2307 سمكة من اسماك السمنان الطويل Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843 من نهر الفرات في منطقة الجبايش جنوب العراق للفترة من تشرين الثاني 2013 لغاية تشرين الاول 2014 باستعمال الصيد بالكهرباء. شكلت افراد النوع نسبة كلية قدرها 48.3% من الصيد الكلي. تراوحت الاطوال الكلية للاسماك بين 3.7 - 18.4سم. سادت مجموعة الطول (9.0 - 9.9) سم مجتمع الاسماك بنسبة 19.72%. تمثلت علاقة الطول (سم) والوزن الكلي (غم) لكل من الصغار والاناث والذكور بالمعادلات التالية : الصغار W = 0.003 L3.087 , r2 = 0.776 , n = 89 الاناث n =256 , r2 = 0.841 , W = 0.002 L3.193 الذكور n = 147 , r2 = 0.778 , W = 0.004 L3.027 كان نمو صغار النوع وذكوره متناظرا بينما كان نمو الاناث غير متناظر. تراوح معامل الحالة النسبي للصغار بين 0.71 في حزيران و1.44 في شباط وبمعدل 1.05 وللاناث بين 0.78 في اب و1.4 في كانون الثاني وبمعدل 1.06 وللذكور بين 0.70 في اب و1.24 في كانون الثاني وبمعدل 0.99. اشارت دراسة الحراشف الى وجود اربع مجاميع عمرية وكانت السيادة لمجموعة العمر 2. وصفت العلاقة بين الطول الكلي (L) ونصف قطر الحرشفة (S) بالمعادلة التالية L =2.549 + 4.825 S بلغت اطوال الاسماك عند الاعمار الاربعة الاولى من حياتها (8.15 و11.33 و13.55 و16.0سم) على التوالي، وبلغت كفاءة النمو لاسماك النوع 2.16، كما امكن وصف نمو اسماك السمنان الطويل بالنموذج التالي : Lt = 20.4(1 - e - 0.35(t+0.277) ) سجلت ادنى قيمة لنشاط التغذية 60.53% في شباط واعلاها 87.76% في ايلول، كما كانت اوطا قيمة لشدة التغذية 6.08 نقطة/سمكة في كانون الاول واعلاها 8.7 نقطة/سمكة في تموز. اظهرت نتائج فحص الغذاء ان اسماك السمنان الطويل تتغذى بشكل رئيس على الحشرات بنسبة 41.2% ثم الطحالب (28.7%) تليها القشريات (15.9%) والدايتومات (12.36%) والنباتات المائية (3.74%) والاسماك (3.36%) ثم النواعم (0.3%) وهي من الاسماك القارتة وتميل للغذاء الحيواني. حديد اول نضج جنسي لاناث اسماك السمنان الطويل وذكورها عند طول 8 سم وبعمر سنة واحدة لكل منهما. وكانت نسبة الجنس 1 : 1.7 لصالح الاناث تراوحت قيم دالة المناسل للاناث والذكور بين 0.8 و0.6 على التوالي في حزيران و14.01 و5.8 في كانون الثاني على التوالي. وضحت المقاطع النسيجية للمناسل الذكرية والانثوية انﱠ فترة وضع السرء كانت خلال شباط وانﱠ افراد النوع تطرح بيضها للتكاثر على مراحل ويبدا نضج البيض من الجزء الخلفي من المبيض قبل الجزء الامامي، كذلك تظهر اثار طرح البيض في الجزء الاوسط للمبيض من الفراغات الملاحظة بوسط مقطع المبيض. اظهر الفحص المجهري للمقاطع النسيجية للمناسل الذكرية انﱠ كيس الخصى يحتوي على مراحل متفاوتة من النضج في النماذج المختلفة من الذكور في شباط، كما تتضح الاوعية الدموية خلال نسيج الفصيصات ولوحظ نسبة قليلة من الخلايا بمرحلة الخلايا النطفية spermatocytes في الجزء الخلفي من المناسل، وانﱠ الجزء الامامي من المنسل اقل نضجا حيث لم تظهر مرحلة الخلايا النطفية spermatocyte. امتازت اسماك السمنان الطويل بخصوبة منخفضة اذ تراوحت بين 1119 بيضة لسمكة طولها 10.4سم و5022 بيضة لسمكة طولها 14.2 سم، وكانت العلاقة بين الطول الكلي (L) والخصوبة (F) متمثلة بالمعادلة التالية : F = 0.148L3.939 , r2 = 0.605. | A total of 2307 individuals of Alburnus mossulensis were collected from the south part of Euphrate River, Chybaish, Iraq from November 2013 to October 2014 using electrofishig. The species constituted 48.3% of the total catch. Fish group size 9.0 - 9.9 cm was dominated in the samples (19.7%).The length - weight relationships of A. mossulensis for immature, female and male were : W = 0.003 L3.087 , W = 0.002 L3.193 , W = 0.004 L3.027respectively, revealing an isometric growth for immature and males, and allometric growth for females. The relative condition factor ranged from 0.71 in June to 1.44 in February with total average of 1.05 for immature, and from 0.78 in August to 1.40 in January with total average of 1.06 for females, and from 0.7 in August to 1.24 in January with total average of 0.99 for males. Four age groups were recorded and the most abundant age group was the second. The relation between total length (L) and scale radius (S) was : L =2.549 + 4.825 S. The lengths of fish during the first four years were 8.15, 11.33, 13.55 and 16.0 cm respectively. The growth performance index of A. mossulensis was computed as 2.16. The growth was described by von Bertalanffy equation as Lt = 20.4(1 - e - 0.35(t+0.277)).Feeding activity values ranged from60.53 % in February to87.7 % in September. The minimum value of feeding intensity was 6.08 points/ fish in December and the maximum value was 8.7 points/ fish in July. Insects comprised 41.2% of the total food items of A. mossulensis followed by algae 28.7%, crustacean 15.9%, diatoms 12.36%, aquatic plants 3.74%, fish 3.36% and Mollusca 0.3%. Fish was found omnivores, tends to animal food more than plant food. The mean value of Lm50 was estimated to be 8.0cm, corresponding to one years old for both sexes. The overall sex ratio was (1 : 1.7 male : female). Gonadosomatic index for females ranged from 0.8 and 0.6 in June for females and males respectively to 14.01 and 5.8 in January for both sexes respectively. The spawning period started in February according to GSI values and histological examination for gonads during spawning season. The results of histological examinations revealed that this species has a short spawning season and female ovaries contained different maturing stages of ova, and the maturation started from the post part of gonads according to the space noticed at the middle part of the ovary. Histological examination proved that testes also contain different maturation stages. Blood vessel penetrate lobules with few spermatocytes at the posterior part of the testes whereas the anterior part less mature with disappearing of spermatocytes. Absolute fecundity for A. mossulensis ranged from1119 eggs for fish of 10.4 Cm length to 5022 egg for female of 14.2 Cm length.The relation between the total length (L) and fecundity represented by the following equation : F = 0.148L3.939 , r2 = 0.605

مقارنة القيمة الغذائية لاسماك الكارب الشائع Cyprinus carpio L. من مصادر مختلفة == Comparison of nutritional value of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. from different sources

Author name: عطور عبد الكريم طاهر العطبي
Supervisor name: امجد كاظم رسن | صلاح مهدي نجم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The current study was carried out during the period from December 2015 and June 2016 to assess the chemical composition, fatty and amino acids and the total bacterial count of the muscular tissue from the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. in Basrah city which were cached from Shatt Al - Arab river at Abul - Khasib, obtained from earthen ponds at the University of Basrah, fish cages in Shatt Al - Arab river at Al - Hartha district and those imported from Iran Republic which were available in the domestic markets of Basrah city.The results of the study were statistically analyzed using CRD design applying SPSS statistical package ver. 17 on 50 fish from each source with 3 replicates per sample and the studied factors were tested using RLSD test at 0.05 probability level.The results of the statistical analysis indicated no significant differences (p>0.05) in moisture content between Shatt Al - Arab samples, imported samples, iced pond fish and iced cage fish. No significant differences (p>0.05) were detected also between fish from ponds and cages. Significant differences (p<0.05) were detected between fresh fish from ponds and cages with fresh and iced fish from Shatt Al - Arab or imported fish. The highest moisture content of fresh fish was 78.2% in Shatt Al - Arab samples while the lowest 70.8% was in fresh cage fish. The highest moisture content in iced fish 79.4% was in imported samples while the lowest 74.1% was in cage fish. As for ash content, the statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between imported fish and other fish samples. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed also between fresh pond fish and other samples.However, no more significant differences (p>0.05) were detected between other fish samples. The highest ash content in fresh fish 2.29% was in pond fish and the lowest 0.98% in imported fish. Similarly, the highest ash content in iced samples 1.45% was in pond fish and the lowest 0.87% in imported samples. The statistical analysis of fat contents demonstrated significant differences (p<0.05) between Shatt Al - Arab fresh and iced samples and other samples. Fat content in pond fish was in line with those in iced cage and iced imported fish but significantly (p<0.05) differ from those in fresh pond and imported fish while no such differences were shown between pond and imported fish. The highest fat content in fresh fish 11.9% was in imported fish and the lowest 3.43% in Shatt Al - Arab fish. Similarly, the highest fat content of iced fish 9.99% was in imported fish and the lowest 3.17% in Shatt Al - Arab fish. The statistical analysis showed that protein contents in fresh fish from Shatt Al - Arab, ponds and cages were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in imported fish while protein contents in fresh and iced imported fish were significantly (p<0.05) lower than it in other fish. The highest protein content in fresh fish 18.71% was in pond fish and the lowest 10.05% in imported fish. Similarly, the highest protein content in iced fish 16.96% was in pond fish and the lowest 9.98% in imported fish. The statistical analysis showed that the caloric values of fresh and iced fish from Shatt Al - Arab were significantly (p<0.05) lower than other fish except for iced pond and imported fish. Additionally, no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in caloric values between pond, iced cage and imported fish while pond and Shatt Al - Arab fishes only showed significant differences (p<0.05) in comparison with other samples. The highest caloric value for fresh fish 165.62 Kcal/100 g in cage fish and the lowest 98.5 Kcal/100 g in Shatt Al - Arab fish. On the other hand, the highest caloric value for iced fish 148.4 Kcal/100 g was in cage fish and the lowest 93.9 Kcal/100 g in Shatt Al - Arab fish.The fatty acids was assessed in the laboratories of The College of Agriculture, University of Basrah by using GC - MS QP210 Ultra , SHIMADZU, JAPAN equipped with capillary column DB - MS 5 with static phase (5% phenyl, 95% methyl polysiloxane) and ultra - high purity Helium 99.9%. The fatty acid analysis for the muscular tissue of fish indicated high levels of oleic ،palmitic ،stearic ،stearic ،docosahexaenoic acid in comparison with lower levels of myristoleic ،eicosadienoic ،dihomo - gamma - linolenic and pentadecyclic acids. The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between both fresh and iced samples from the different fish sources. However, significant differences (p<0.05) were detected between imported fish and fresh and iced fish from ponds and cages. Additionally, no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed between fresh and iced imported samples with both fresh and iced pond fish while fresh and iced cage fish differed significantly (p<0.05) from fresh pond samples.Amino acids were assessed by using HPLC system with ion exchange and Ninhydrin post column derivation in Shimadzu Spd - 6 Av uv - Visible detector. The analysis of amino acids in fish muscular tissue demonstrated high levels of Aspartic ،Serine ،Glutamic،Alanine and Glycine and low levels of Cystine ،Tryptophan ،Isoleucine ،Methionine،Histidine ،Threonine and Tyrosine. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences between fresh and iced Shatt Al - Arab samples with fresh and iced imported fish. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed also between fresh and iced pond fish with fresh and iced cage fish. On the other hand, significant differences (p<0.05) were found between fresh and iced Shatt Al - Arab fish with fresh and iced imported samples. Additionally, another significant differences were detected between fresh and iced pond fish with fresh and cage fish.As for the total bacterial count, the statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between all fresh and iced fish samples. The highest level in fresh fish 7.6 x 103 cfu/g was observed in Shatt Al - Arab fish while the lowest level 2.0 x 103 cfu/g in imported fish. In comparison, the highest level in iced fish 7.44 x 107 cfu/g was also in Shatt Al - Arab fish but the lowest level 5.72 x 107 cfu/g in cage fish.

التنوع السمكي وبعض الخصائص الحياتية في الجزء الشمالي لشط العرب وبعض مقترباته == Fish biodiversity and some biological characteristics in the Northern part of Shatt Al - Arab River and some of its reaches

Author name: عبد المحسن جعفر عبد الله
Supervisor name: ساجد سعد حسن النور
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The aimed of the present study to find out the nature of the qualitative compositionand some biological aspects in the North part of Shatt Al - Arab River and some of its reaches after emergence of many changes in the region and habitats segmenting by Dam construction on Euphrates River in the area between Chibyish and Mudina town and establishment of Qlat - Salih Regulator, reduction of water discharge to minimum limits, entry of alien species on an ongoing basis, so it is necessary to conduct a study to find out the nature of the diversity of fish in the region, and it has shown that the composition of community differs from previous studies revealed that introduced alien small size species and some of uneconomic species were dominate. The samples were caught monthly from the river from December 2013 to May 2015 North of Basrah Province. Several fishing tools were used to collect fishes seine, fixed, draft, cast net and electrofishing. Three stations were selected; the station 1 was in the North of Qurna town about five kilometers North the point which the Tigris and Euphrates River confluence, station 2 at the place of Seweeb River is meeting the Shatt Al - Arab Rive and station 3 at the point that Al - Shafii River which meet Shatt Al - Arab river. Some environmental parameters were measured, namely air temperature ranged from 15ºC in December 2014 in station 3 to 43ºC in the August 2014 at station 2 and 3, while the water temperature from 11ºC in January 2015 for station 1 to 36 ºC in July at station 2. Light penetration revealed 33 cm in April and May 2014 and 132 cm in January 2015 for station 3. Current speed ranged between 0.03 m/s in January 2015 in station 3 and 0.29 m/s in October 2014 for station 1. Salinity ranged from 0.66 g/L in January 2014 for station 1 to 1.46 g/L in February and March 2015 in station 1 and October 2014 for station 2. The pH values tend toward the alkaline, the lowest 7.30 in May 2014 for station 2 and 8.90 measured in February 2014 in station 1. Monthly discharges, average incoming from the Tigris River recorded 35.20 ± 8.47 m3/s in November 2014 to 73.85 ± 17.55 m3/s on February 2014. Lower values of reactive nitrate were recorded 0.69 μ g at. N/L in March 2015 at station 3 and highest 24.32 μ g at. N/L in May for station 2, however the values of reactive phosphate recorded, the lowest 0.0037 μ g at. N/L in March 2015 at station 2, the highest was 0.589 μ g at. N/L in November 2014 for station 1. A total of 29405 individuals was collected during the study period represented 916521g included 33 species eight of them were marine species contain 29 genera belong to 14 families of Osteichthyes, Cyprinids family occupied first degree in the number of species (13) and genera (12), the numerical relative abundance of marine species in the study area was 3.38% and the relative abundance gravimetric was 8.45%. A significant positive correlation was found between number of species and water temperature (r=0. 506). Liza abu, Carassius auratus and Coptodon zillii were the most total numerical relative abundance 30.89, 29.30 and 15.64 % respectively, C. auratus, S. triostegus and C. zillii were the most total weight relative abundance and composing 27.58, 14.27 and 11.64% respectively in the study area. Discharges rates flowing from the Tigris River revealed negative effect with the number of species and the insignificant negative correlation was recorded (r= - 0.109) with discharge monthly rates, and fluctuation relationship was noticed between discharges and ecological indices. However, native species included 15 seasonal species 4 and 14 for rare species. Diversity index (H) ranged between 0.91 in January 2015 at station 3 to 2.05 in March 2015 for station 2, richness index (D) 0.83 in February 2014 at station 3 and 2.79 in March 2015 at station 1, evenness index (J) recorded 0.38 in January 2015 and the highest 0.78 in September 2014 for station 1. The percentage of similarity among stations by Jaccard similarity index (Ss%) showed variation uneven during study months. Cluster analysis of species similarity pointed to clumping in groups controlled by temperature. The Multivariate analysis was (CCA) adopted to clarify the impact of a biotic factors on the distribution of species. Total catches were ranged between 16380 g in December 2013 to 80309g in December 2014. The total average catch per unit of effort was 24.953 kg/hr for seine nets ranged from 0.928 kg/hr in December 2014 at station 2 to 30.271 Kg/hr during January 2015 for station 3. The number of fishing boats in the study area 143 their length between 5 - 7m most of them without an engine. The impact of alien species direct effects during the destruction of nests and reproductive ground, especially eggs which lie on a plant for native species and hybridization between alien and native species, and indirect effects of competition on food, ecological space, environment destruction and aggressive behavior. The length groups of all fish species were recorded, the lowest values were for Alburnus mossulensis, Acanthobrama marmid, Hemiculter leucisculus and Garra rufa, they were 7.3 - 18, 6.3 - 17, 7 - 17 and 7.2 - 17.8 cm respectively, whereas the highest were for Silurus triostegus, Leuciscus vorax and Mastacembelus mastacembelus, they were 10.8 - 72.4, 9.5 - 57.3 and 14 - 55 cm respectively. Faben method used for estimating growth parameters (L∞,K) by applying FiSAT program for C. auratus, Carasobarbus luteus and L. abu, the values of L∞ for three species 38.97, 35.69 and 22.19 cm respectively, and for K 0.29 to the C. auratus and C. luteus and 0.41 for L. abu, the results revealed five years age for C. auratus and C. luteus whereas four years age for L. abu. The present study showed high values of diet overlap between L. abu and Cheon subviridis 09% also high values 90% Oreochromis aureus and Oreochromis niloticus S. triostegus and L. vorax 89%, but it did not reach the competition limit, also high diet overlap 86% and competition was found between C. auratus and C. luteus Absolute fecundity for C. auratus females ranged from 1303 for 8.8 cm total length and 10g weight to51245 egg for 30.1 cm total length and 557g weight, and for C. luteus from 2098 for 13.1 cm total length to 14147 egg for 20.9 cm total length and 131g weight, while in L. abu from 6247 for 9.7 cm total length and 11g weight to 41219 egg for 17.5 cm total length and 63g weight.

دراسة بعض الجوانب الحياتية والبيئية للروبيان الشرقي Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) وطرائق تربيته واكثاره في البصرة، العراق == Study of Some Biological and Ecological Aspects, Aquaculture and Breeding Methods of Oriental Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) In Basrah, Iraq

Author name: طارق حطاب ياسين المالكي
Supervisor name: مالك حسن علي | امنة علي هاشم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية انشاء مفقس للروبيان الشرقي Macrobrachium nipponense وتجربته عمليا على الاناث الحاملة للبيض والمصطادة من منفذ المسحب خلال شهري حزيران وتموز لسنة 2013 واجراء عملية التكاثر وتسجيل اربع مراحل تطور جنينية في البيض، وتراوحت مدة التطور الجنيني للبيض بين (20 - (30 يوما.بينت الدراسة تسجيل افضل معدل وزن لليافعات في اثناء تربيتها في الاحواض المختبرية والمغذاة على عليقة ذات محتوى بروتيني 42 % مع نسب البقاء مرتفعة بين 90) - (95%، وهذا ما انعكس على التركيب الكيميائي لجسم الروبيان بعد التجربة. بينت نتائج السلوك بان الروبيان المدروس يفضل التعلق ضمن عمود الماء، اذ بلغ افضل معدل وزن عند استعمال عليقة الرقائق (Aquafin) ونسب بقاء 95 % خلال مدة التجربة، واظهرت نتائج تجارب الاقلمة الملحية واستهلاك الاوكسجين بان التركيز الملحي نصف القاتل (LC50) لليافعات خلال 96 ساعة كان 15.5 psu مع نسب بقاء مرتفعة في الملوحتين (0.9 و(5.0 psu، ولوحظ ارتفاع تدريجي باستهلاك الاوكسجين مع ارتفاع كل من درجة حرارة الماء والملوحة. بلغت نسبة الجنس 1 : 3.8 ذكور : اناث على التوالي. تراوح عدد البيض للروبيان المصطاد من منفذ المسحب بين 3,600) - (10,200 بيضة /انثى. في حين بلغ معدل التفقيس لليرقات (1632 ± (861 يرقة زؤيا، وكان معدل عدد اليرقات نسبة الى وزن الجسم 225 ± 110 /غم من وزن الجسم، كما لوحظ وجود ارتباط بين وزن الامهات مع كل من وزن البيض وعدد اليرقات الفاقسة، واظهرت نتائج رعاية اليرقات حديثة الفقس في انظمة الاستزراع المختلفة بان اغلب اوزانهواصل الى 3 ملغم خلال المدة الممتدة بين 12) - (22 يوما ، وكانت اعلى معدلات نسب بقاء لليرقات 63.75 % سجلت في الحوض الطيني فيما تراوحت بين 27.50) - (47.50% في الانظمة الاخرى.بلغت معدلات الاوزان النهائية (813 و978) ملغم لليافعات الفاقسة المرباة في الاقفاص الطافية والغاطسة على التوالي، في حين بلغت معدلات الاوزان 805) و950) ملغم لليافعات الطبيعية المرباة في الاقفاص الطافية والغاطسة على التوالي خلال 28 يوما، وبنسب بقاء بين (86 - 93)%، في حين تراوحت معدلات اوزان اليافعات المستزرعة في النظام المغلق من (938 والى 4010) ملغم خلال 90 يوما، وبنسب بقاء بين 86) - (92 %، وسجلت اعلى نسب البقاء ليرقات الروبيان ويافعاتها المرباة خلال 42 يوموابلغت 78.13% في الحوض الطيني فيما تراوحت بين (47.50 - (58.13% في الانظمة الاخرى. تحقق افضل معدل اوزان لليرقات المغذاة على عليقة (46% بروتين) ولمدة ستة اسابيع في الحوض الطيني وكان697 ملغم واقلها في الحاضنات وبلغ 312 ملغم، تتحول اليرقات حديثة الفقس (طور الزؤيا) الى طور ما بعد اليرقي بعد عمر 12) - (22 يوما، في حين طور اليرقة المتقدمة بعد عمر 23) - (44 يوما يتحول الى الطور اليافع الذي بدوره يتحول بعد عمر (45 - 129) يوما الى الطور قبل البالغ الذي بعد عمر 130 - 179 يوما يصل الى الطور البالغ، اي بعد عمر 180 يوما الروبيان يصبح في الطور البالغ.حددت انتاجية المفقس من الاحواض الداخلية بين (53,504 - (190,000 يرقة زؤيا، في حين ينتج بين (32,355 - (99,560 يرقة متقدمة، وتراوح الانتاج من الاحواض الخارجية ما بين (4,347 - (24,098 يرقة زؤيا، وبين 2,527) - (18,828 يرقة متقدمة، كذلك على ضوء نتائج المساحة الكلية للحوض الطيني وحوض الالياف الزجاجية فان عدد يرقات الزؤيا التي يمكن ان تستوعبها تتراوح ما بين 36,559) - (15,300,000 يرقة زؤيا، وبين (21,248 - 11,954,400) يرقة متقدمة، اما مجموع الانتاج الكلي في جميع انظمة الاستزراع الداخلية والخارجية فكان ( 12,600,188 - 15,760,462) يرقة زؤيا، وبين 9,753,349) - (12,197,630 يرقة متقدمة.بلغت النسب المئوية للتركيب الكيميائي لبعض مكونات العليقة المصنعة في الدراسة الحالية والمستعملة في تغذية اليرقات 44.84) و51.27 و2.57) % للبروتين والدهن والرماد على التوالي، في حين بلغت لعليقة مسحوق الاسماك المستعمل في تغذية الامهات واليافعات (40.37 و25.29 و15.13) % للبروتين والدهن والرماد على التوالي. | This study included hatchery construction for oriental prawn Macrobrachium nipponense, a gravid females were collected from Al - Masshab Outlet, Basrah, during the peak of occurrence in June - July / 2013, is for application of breeding process, with recorded four developmental of eggs, with range time of embryonic development stage of eggs between 20 - 30 day. The present study revealed that the best weight for juvenile in laboratory which were feeding on diet contain 42% protein with high survival rates between 90 - 95%, this reverse on the chemical composition of prawn body after the experiments. Showed result behaviour that this prawn preferred to feeing hold on the ponds columns, it reach a best weight by using flake feed (Aquafin), with survival rate 95% during the experimental period. The salinity acclimation and oxygen consumption showed that LC50 for juvenile was 15.5 psu after 96 hours, with high survival rate in tow salinities 0.9 and 5.0 psu. A gradual increasing in oxygen consumption with increasing temperature and salinity clearly proved in this experiment. Sexual ratio was recorded to be 1 : 3.8 for males : females respectively. The number of eggs were collected from Al - Masshab Outlet between 3,600 - 10,200 egg for number of females, while the ranged of all hatching larvae were 1,632 ± 861 zoae. The range of ratio of larvae to the ratio of body weight was 225 ± 110 g from body weight of prawn, and the present study showed that there is a correlation between female weight with both egg weight and number of hatching larvae, by using different nursing systems of newly hatched larvae for 12 to 22 day, and the larvae reached weight to 3 mg., while higher range of survival larvae were 63.75% in muddy pond, in others systems were 27.50 - 47.50 %.The final weight range were reached 813 and 978 (mg) for hatched juveniles that were reared in floating and emerged cages respectively, while the naturally reared Juvenile have weight range between 805, 950 (mg) for nature floating and emerged cages during 28 day, with a survival rate between 86 - 93%, and weight range of juvenile reared in closed system from 938 to 4,010 (mg) during 90 day, with survival rates 86 - 92 (%). High levels of survival rate recorded to be 78.13% for larvae and juvenile of prawn cultured earth in ground pond during 42 day, comparison with 47.50 - 58.13% in others system. The best weight for larvae that feeder on protein diet (46%) for six weeks in ground pond reached to 697 mg while the lowest weight in nursing system reached to 312 mg. The age which zoea needs Metamorphosis zoae between 12 - 22 days to reach post - larvae, were 23 - 44 day for Metamorphosis post - larvae to Juvenile, and this needs between 45 - 129 day for reached to sub - adult with in 130 - 179 day. After 180 day more prawn reached to adult stage.The hatchery production of zoea larvae was fluctuated between 53,504 - 190,000, it and between 32,355 - 99,560 post - larvae. The total production from earth pond (mud pond and fiberglass tank), the number of zoae larvae between 36,559 - 15,300,000 larvae, and between 21,248 - 11,954,400 post - larvae. While the total production in all culture systems were 12,600,188 - 15,760,462 zoea larvae, and between 9,753,349 - 12,197,630 post - larvae.The chemical composition for prepared diet the present study which used for nutritional diet experiment were 44.84 % protein, 51.27 % fat and 2.57 % ash. Fish meal constituents was 40.37 % protein, 25.29 % fat and15.13 % ash

دراسة بيئية مقارنة لتاثير الحاجز المائي في قضاء المدينة عند اسفل نهر الفرات == A comparative ecological study to the impact of Mudayna district barrier at the lower reaches of Euphrates River

Author name: سجاد عبد الغني عبد الله
Supervisor name: صادق علي حسين | عبد العزيز محمود عبد الله
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: An Ecological study was conducted, on monthly basis, for the period from November 2013 to October 2014, on the Lower reaches of the Euphrates River covering a location at northwest of Basrah province within the area between Al - Chebaysh district of Thi Qar province, and Mudayna district of the city of Basrah. The study area covered a distance of 16 kms lies between latitudes 47˚00 ' 18.81 " and 47˚09 '55.46" E and latitudes 30˚57' 41.53" and 30˚57'7.38" N. On 2010 the Ministry of Water Resources constructed an obstruction on the Euphrates River, 11 km west of Mudayna of a width 760 m. It’s aims is to raise water levels in the western side of the river for water to flow to Hor Al - Chebaych. Three stations were selected to execute the study. The former was situated in front of the Chebaish district and with a distance of nine kilometers east where station 2 was located. However, to the east of the constructed embankment and just three kms apart station 3 was chosen. The study revealed that air temperature ranged from 11 - 45°C and water from 10.5 - 37°C, light penetration from 15 to 210 cm. Turbidity from 0.66 NTU in October at station3 and 40.8 NTU in September at station1. Current speed ranged between 0.01 m/s to 0.41 m/s.The lowest value of Electric conductivity (2.4μS/cm) recorded in November at station 3 and the highest (5.74μS/cm) in March at station 1. Total dissolved solids between 1788 mg/ L to 3832 mg/L. the lowest value of pH (7.4) measured in August at station 2 and the highest (8.7) in February at Station 3. Dissolved oxygen ranged from 5.5 to 10.1 mg/L. BOD5 ranged from 0.19 to 3 mg/L. The lowest value of salinity (1.3 g/L) recorded in June and July from Station 2 and the highest (2.9 g/L) was encountered in February at station 3. Total hardness the lowest (880 mg/L) encountered in July at station2 and the highest (1350 mg/L) in February at station3. Total alkalinity ranged from 84 to 182 mg/L. Reactive nitrate ranged from 0.6 to 37.7μg at. N/L. Reactive phosphate ranged from 0.023 to 1.857μg at. P/L. Concentrations of some heavy metals were also studied. Copper was impalpable in November and December in stations2 and 3, but the highest (1.90 μg/L) was in August at station2. Intangible value was also recorded for Lead in November at station3 and the highest (0.1 μg/L) in July of the same station. Non - tangible value encountered for cadmium in November and December at stations 2 and 3 but the highest (12.73 μg/L) in July for station1. The study took in consideration application of the general index to the quality of water (CCME) as seasonal readings were calculated depending on river maintenance system for the year 1967 and amended in 1980. Throughout the study period values ranged between marginal (56.3) and FairB(69). Values were obtained depending on the previous studies, as were between marginal (47) and Fair( 65). Fish community structure was described. A total of 11851 specimens were collected included 28 species and 25 genera belonging to 12 families all belong to class bony fishes Osteichthyes. Cyprinidae came first concerning the number of species (13) and genera (11) and composing 37.44 %, these are Hamri (Barbus luteus), Prussian carp (Carassius auratus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), (Acanthobrama marmid), (Alburnus mossulensis), Shillug (Aspius vorax), bunni (Barbus sharpeyi), gattan (Barbus xanthopterus), Hemicultuer leucisculus), small mouth benine (Cyprinon kais), big mouth benine (Cyprinon macrostomum), (Garra rufa) the mullet family Mugilidae formed 35.50 % and consist two species , namely, Liza abu green and Liza subviridis. Tilapia Cichlid family was represented by 21.84 % and two species, namely Tilapia zilli and Oreochromis aureus. Gumbusia (Pociliidae) formed 2.70% and represented by two species , namely (Gambusia holbrooki) and Poecillia latipinna, Clupeids family accounted for 0.025% and represented by two species, namely Tenualosa ilsha) and Nematalsoa nasus. However one species of seven families included Siluridae (Silurus triostegus) 0.58%, Sparidae Acanthopagrus latus (arabicus) 0.57%, Mastacembelidae (Mastacembelus mastacembelus) 0.28% , Hemiramphidae Hyporhampus limbatus)) 0.23% and minnows Engraulidae (Thryssa whiteheadi) rate of 0.345 % and Gobiidae (Bathygobius fuscus) was collected for the first time in the study area and in station 3 at 0.050 % and Heteropneustidae (Heteropneustes foosilis) formed the lowest contribution. The study also was taken in consideration the diversity indices in the Euphrates. The lowest value (1.04) of Shannon diversity index (H) was recorded in May from station1 and the highest (2.70) in the same month from station3, and was the lowest value for the evenness index (J) (0.476) in May was recorded for the station1 and the highest (0.933) in January. The lowest value of richness index (D) (0.868) was obtained in December from station1 and the highest (3.285) in May from station3. The lowest value for Jaccared similarity index (13.25 %) was in October between stations1 and 2 and the highest (100 %) in November and January between stations 1 and 2. Multivariate analysis (CCA) was applied to clarify the relationship between abiotic environmental characteristics and fish distribution in the aquatic environment.

تقييم مستوى التلوث العضوي وتاثيره في تنوع الطحالب الخيطية القاعية واصابة الاسماك بمجذافية الاقدام في ثلاث محطات في محافظة البصرة، العراق == Evaluation of organic pollution level and its effect on diversity of the filamentous benthic algae and fishes infected with copepods from three stations in Basrah province, Iraq

Author name: رشاد عبد الزهرة احمد
Supervisor name: ازهار علي عبد الله الصابونجي | خالدة سالم النعيم
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Three Stations were selected based on its pollution level, first station was (Ashar chanel N : 30 º 31 13.31, E : 47º 50 13.63) the second station was (Shatt Al Arab N : 30 º 30 0. 29, E : 47º 51 36.31) and the third station was (Qurna N : 31 º 0 12. 79, E : 47º 26 37.11). Samples of waters, fish and sediments were collected monthly, collection of these samples started from Nov. 2013 till Oct. 2014 during the ebb time, group of physical and chemical variables had been measured like air and water, temperature, salinity, electrical conductivity, light penetration, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, Total alkalinity (TA), Total hardness (TH), reactive nitrite, nitrate and phosphate, chlorophyll a in water, total organic carbon (TOC) in sediments, Soil texture was identified for each station through knowing the ratios of its components. Also, through the current study banthic algae were identified in areas of intertidal area, the parasitic copepod on fish also identified as biological indicator for the pollution at the selected stations.The study revealed that the air temperature varied between (17.5 - 43.2)Co while water temperature varied between (12 - 31) Co, the salinity varied between (0.57 - 4.16) ‰, while the electrical conductivity ranged between (0.9 - 6.5) mellisemince/ cm, while light penetration values were varied between (17 - 90) cm, pH values varied between (7.2 - 8.5), dissolved oxygen values were ranged between (3.5 - 11.2) mg/ l, while the biological oxygen demand varied between (1.2 - 9) mg/ l, value of TA and TH were varied between (81 - 190) mg/ l and (822 - 2123) mg/ l, respectively. The current study also recorded the concentrations of nutrients, that the values of nitrates and reactive nitrites ranged between (0.1 - 2.71) μg N - NO2/ l, (12.11 - 42.1) μg N - NO3/ l, respectively, while the reactive phosphate valuesbwere ranged between (1.31 - 9.98) μg P - PO4/ l, on the other hand the value of chlorophyll a were from (8.12 - 20.13) mg/ l.It was recorded in the current study a recognizable raise in values of total organic carbon (TOC) in the first station due to its highly exposed to the organic pollutants in comparison with the second and the third station, the values of (TOC) varied between (15.33 - 45.63)%, (4.4 - 22)%, (9.02 - 44.6)% for the three stations respectively.The current study demonstrated that the prevalence of green algae, all over study time in the second and the third station like (Cladophora fract, C. glomerata, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Schizomeris liblenii) also it was nocied that the Rhizoclonium crassipellitum was available more in the second station than the first and the third station, due to that the second station was featured with less contamination with organic materials. Some of the blue - green algae like (Lyngbya Birgei, L. major, Oscillatoria, amoena O. tenuis) showed prevealance in the first station because of the abundance of the organic pollutants, the red algae Compsopogon coeruleus, was recorded at three stations, the highest percentage was in the third station, the lowest percentage was recorded in the first station. It was also found in current study based on using algae as biological indicator for pollution, which prepared by Palmer. The first station was highly polluted with organic matter in comparison with other two stations, due to abundant of species which used as organic indicator of pollution. Results reavaled monthly variations in total number of benthic filamentous algea, which increased during two periods (Bimodel). Values of diversity ranged from 0.626 in station two to 2.15 in station two.The monthly variations in Organic Pollution Index (OPI) were different between three stations and ranged (25.54 - 48.72), (4.52 - 38.9), (15.14 - c28.69), in three stations respectively. The highest value 48.72 (Poor) was recorded in Ashar chanal at August and the lowest value 4.52 (Good) in Shatt Al - Arab river at December.Aquatic systems are affected by a variety of anthropogenic activities that decrease water quality through the introduction of organic pollutants. To investigate the relationship between fish parasite communities and water quality, copepods parasites were examined in 856 specimens of the fishes (Acanthobrama marmid, Acanthopagrus arabicus, Alburnus mossulensis, Carasobarbus luteus, Carassius auratus, Chelon subviridis, Coptodon zillii, Cyprinus carpio, Garra variabilis, Gambusia halbrooki, Leuciscus vorax, Liza abu, Luciobarbus subquincunciatus, Luciobarbus xanthopteru, Nematalosa nasus, Oreochromis aureus, Poecilia latipinna, Silurus triostegus, Tenualosa ilisha), sampled in three sites in the Basrah Province, Quran site (unpolluted), the Shatt Al - Arab (moderately polluted) and Al - Asher canal site (polluted). Six species of copepods, Ergasilus rostralis, E. mosulensis, E. ogawai, Ergasilus sp, Lernaea cyprinacea and Mugilicola kabatai were found in unpolluted site, and four species of copepods, E. rostralis, E. mosulensis and Lernaea cyprinacea were found in moderately polluted site, but the distribution of copepods was limited to the polluted site (Ergasilus rostralis, E. mosulensis and Lernaea cyprinacea). The variability of the calculated infection indices (prevalence and mean intensity) are affected by the pollution levels of the water. The unpolluted site had the highest species and the highest overall parasite abundance values.

العلاقة بين بعض العناصر الثقيلة وانتاجية الهائمات النباتية والكتلة الحية لبعض النباتات المائية السائدة في مناطق مختارة من شط العرب / جنوب العراق == Impact Of Some Heavy Metals On Qualitative And Quantitative Of Producer Organisms In Shatt Al - Arab River

Author name: رجاء عبد الكاظم حنف
Supervisor name: عبد العزيز محمود عبد الله | صالح عبد القادر العيسى
General topic: Agricultural sciences
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة اثر بعض العناصر الثقيلة ( النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت ) على انتاجية الهائمات النباتية وبعض النباتات المائية فضلا عن قياس تراكيز تلك العناصر في المياه والرواسب في شط العرب للفترة الممتدة من كانون الثاني 2014 لغاية كانون الثاني 2015 . تم انتخاب اربع محطات ، تقع المحطة الاولى في منطقة الشرش والثانية في السندباد والثالثة في الصالحية والرابعة في منطقة العامية بالقرب من ميناء ابي فلوس في محافظة البصرة . اختيرت ثلاثة انواع من النباتات المائية السائدة في تلك المحطات الشمبلان Ceratophullum demersum والقصب Phragmites australis ونبات بربين الماء Bacopa moniera وحددت الكتلة الحية الهوائية لتلك الانواع . كما درست الهائمات النباتية كموانوعا ، وتم قياس دليل التنوع ودليل سمبسون (السيادة) ودليل التشابه للهائمات النباتية والنباتات المائية . كما قيست بعض العوامل الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمحطات الدراسة المختارة .تراوحت درجة حرارة الماء بين 10.1 و33.9 ºم، وانحصرت قيم الاس الهيدروجيني بين 7.6 و8.6 ، وتراوحت قيم الملوحة بين 0.9 و7.8 جزء بالالف ، وتراوحت قيم الاوكسجين الذائب بين 5.9 و16.9 ملغم/لتر، بلغت قيم المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية بين714 الى 4282.8 ملغم/لتر ،وتراوحت قيم القاعدية الكلية بين 87 - 391 ملغم كاربونات الكالسيوم /لتر، وقد سجلت العسرة الكلية قيم تراوحت بين 214 و596 ملغم كاربونات الكالسيوم /لتر. سجلت تراكيز النتريت والنترات قيم تراوحت بين 0.07 - 1.01 و5.64 - 19.63 مايكغم ذرة نيتروجين/لتر على التوالي ، وبلغت قيم الفوسفات بين 0.17 - 3.72 مايكغم ذرة فسفور/لتر كان تركيز النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت الكلي في الماء 3.22 - 53.99 و7.11 - 120.06 و3.09 - 49.05 و23.24 - 1130.35 و42.54 - 257.00 مايكغم/لتر على التوالي .تراوحت قيم المادة العضوية المتمثلة بالكاربون العضوي الكلي بين 27.8 - 119.2 و28.2 - 128.04 و28.4 - 176.9 و26.3 - 127.14 ملغم/غم وزن جاف لمحطات الشرش والسندباد والصالحية والعامية على التوالي . بلغ تركيز عناصر النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت في الرواسب بين 7.02 - 55.16 و18.16 - 165.11 و101.40 - 616.16 و19.34 - 469.12 و98.19 - 463.76 مايكغم/غم وزن جاف على التوالي ، وقيم دليل التجمع الجيولوجي بحدود (1.11 - - 0.62) و(1.17 - 1.56 ) و( - 2.10 - - 1.65) و(0.35 - 0.54 ) و( 2.56 - 2.87) للعناصر السابقة على التوالي ، مما يشير الى ان رواسب محطات الدراسة غير ملوثة بالنحاس والمنغنيز وغير ملوثة الى متوسطة التلوث بالرصاص والخارصين ومتوسطة الى شديدة التلوث بالكوبلت . اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الحالية سيادة انواع الهائمات النباتية التي تعود لصنف الطحالب الدايتومية (العصوية) Bacillariophyceae، تلتها الطحالب الخضر - المزرقة Cyanophyceae ، ثم الطحالب الخضر Chlorophyceae واخيرا الطحالب اليوغلينية Euglenophyceae في محطات الدراسة كافة ولجميع الاشهر . سجلت محطة الشرش 36 نوع تعود الى 31 جنس، وسجلت محطة السندباد 46 نوع تعود الى 38 جنس،بينما سجلت محطة الصالحية 48 نوع تعود الى 39 جنس ، اما محطة العامية فقد سجلت 30 نوع تعود الى 26 جنس .سجل تركيز الكلوروفيل في محطات الدراسة الشرش والسندباد والصالحية والعامية 0.12 - 2.65 و0.21 - 3.10 و0.31 - 3.89 و0.11 - 2.10 ملغم/لتر على التوالي ، اما تركيز العناصر الثقيلة (النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت) في الهائمات النباتية فقد كان11.55 - 48.26 و18.84 - 97.22 و139.80 - 659.01 و77.14 - 477.36 و43.55 - 216.02 مايكغم /غم وزن جاف على التوالي.تراوحت قيم الكتلة الحية الهوائية للنباتات المائية المدروسة بين 5.34 - 199.52 و34.45 - 465.77 و22.90 - 98.23 غم/م2 لنباتات الشمبلان C. demersum والقصب P. australis وبربين الماء B. monniera على التوالي ، وبلغ مدى تركيز العناصر الثقيلة (النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت) في نبات الشمبلان 1.04 - 88.53 و2.14 - 66.36 و36.05 - 1466.04 و56.56 - 197.14 و23.07 - 216.75 مايكغم/غم وزن جاف للعناصر على التوالي . وفي نبات القصب تراوحت تراكيز العناصر الثقيلة بين 6.17 - 66.34 و1.19 - 66.50 و32.76 - 467.02 و23.78 - 176.32 و7.11 - 98.11 مايكغم/غم وزن جاف على التوالي ، اما في نبات بربين الماء فقد كانت التراكيز 0.44 - 56.15 و0.81 - 67.04 و12.56 - 99.15 و33.34 - 116.55 و0.14 - 10.44 مايكغم /غم وزن جاف على التوالي . بلغت معدلات معامل التركيز الحيوي لمحطة الشرش في نبات الشمبلان 2.03 و1.22 و35.00 و1.25 و0.72 لعناصر النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت على التوالي ، بينما في نبات القصب كانت المعدلات 1.60 و1.05 و14.36 و0.83 و0.36 لنفس العناصر على التوالي . اما نبات بربين الماء فقد كانت معدلات معامل التركيز الحيوي تبلغ 0.57 و0.92 و4.47 و0.71 و0.01 للعناصر المدروسة على التوالي ، وقد بلغت المعدلات في الهائمات النباتية 3.08 و2.58 و79.51 و1.29 و0.57 لنفس العناصر على التوالي ولنفس المحطة . بينما بلغت معدلات معامل التركيز الحيوي في محطة السندباد لعناصر النحاس والرصاص والمنغنيز والخارصين والكوبلت لنبات الشمبلان 3.01 و1.19 و39.16 و1.61 و0.90 على التوالي ، ولنبات القصب 2.02 و0.89 و12.99 و0.94 و0.36 ولنبات بربين الماء 0.94 و0.80 و4.00 و0.85 و0.02 لنفس العناصر على التوالي ، اما في الهائمات النباتية في نفس المحطة فقد كانت معدلات معامل التركيز الحيوي 2.93 و2.65 و67.13 و1.64 و0.58 للعناصر المدروسة على التوالي . وفي محطة الصالحية سجلت معدلات معامل التركيز الحيوي لتلك العناصر في نبات الشمبلات 2.27 و1.23 و46.11 و1.31 و0.92 على التوالي ، وفي نبات القصب 1.97 و0.96 و15.76 و0.87 و0.41 على التوالي ، اما في نبات بربين الماء فقد كانت المعدلات 0.85 و0.95 و4.61 و0.69 و0.64 للعناصر على التوالي ، وقد كانت في الهائمات النباتية لنفس المحطة 2.07 و2.64 و63.71 و1.24 و0.72 للعناصر المدروسة على التوالي . اما في محطة العامية فقد كانت معدلات معامل التركيز الحيوي للعناصر الثقيلة المدروسة في نبات الشمبلان 2.11 و1.34 و25.67 و1.08 و0.70 على التوالي ، ولنبات القصب 1.91 و1.20 و16.21 و0.86 و0.43 على التوالي ، وفي نبات بربين الماء 0.95 و0.85 و7.34 و0.78 و0.03 على التوالي ، اما في الهائمات النباتية فقد كانت 2.98 و1.77 و117.96 و1.26 و0.92 للعناصر المدروسة على التوالي . بينت النتائج ان نبات الشمبلان هو الاكثر تركيز للعناصر وان عنصر المنغنيز هو العنصر المتميز بمعدل التراكم الاعلى ، كما بينت ان الهائمات النباتية اكثر مراكمة للعناصر الثقيلة من النباتات المائية . | The study was conducted to determind the effect of some heavy metals (Cu , Pb , Mn , Zu and Co) on productivity of phytoplankton and aquatic plants , as well as measurred their concentrations in water and sediments of Shatt Al - Arab river for a period from January 2014 to January 2015 . Four stautas were sellected from Shatt Al - Arab river , Frist (Al - Sharresh) , Second (Al - Sendibad Island) ,Third (Al - Salehia) , and Forth (Al - Ameia Region) near Abu - Floos port. Three types of dominanted aquatic plants were selected from these stations, Ceratophyllum demersum, Phragmites australis and Bacoba monniera .The areial biomass of aquatic plants and the quantitative , qualtitative and chlorophyl a of phytoplankton were determind . some of diversity indices for phytoplankton and aquatic plants were measured . Also some physical and chemical properties were measured for selected study stations .Water temperature was ranged between 10.1 - 33.9 Cº, pH 7.6 - 8.6 , salinity 0.9 - 7.8 ppt , DO ranged between 5.9 - 16.9 ml/L , TDS ranged between 714 - 4282.8 ml/L . The alkalinity showed values ranged between 87 - 391 ml CaCO3/L . The total hardness was record values between 214 - 596 ml CaCO3/L .. The investigated study showed nitrite and Nitrate values 0.07 - 1.01 and 5.64 - 19. 63 µg n/L respectively , phosphorus concentration ranged from 0.08 - 4.59 µg P - PO4 - 3/L . The concentration of Cu, Pb , Mn, Zn and Co in water ranged between 3.22 - 53.99 , 7.11 - 120.06 , 3.09 - 49.05 , 23.24 - 1130.35 and 42.54 - 257.00 µg/L respectively.TOC values in sediments were ranged 27.8 - 119.2 , 28.2 - 128.08 , 28.4 - 176.9 and 26.3 - 127.14 µg/gm dry wet for four station respectively . The concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Pb , Mn, Zn and Co in sedements ranged 7.02 - 55.16 , 18.16 - 165.11 , 101.40 - 616.16 , 19.34 - 469.12 and 98.19 - 463.76 µg/gm dry wet respectively .The values of Igeo index were ranged between - 0.26_ - 0.62 , - 1.17_ 1.56 , - 2.10_ - 1.65 , 0.35_ 0.54 , 2.56_ 2.87 for the heavy metals respectively.The present study was showed that the dominant types of phytoplankton belong to class Bacillariophyceae , followed Cyanophyceae , then Chlorophyceae and last Euglenophyceae to all station and through all monthes . Al - Sharresh station was recored 44 species belong to 28 genus , and Al - Sendibad Island was recorded 54 species belong to 35 genus , while Al - Salehia station recorded 60 species belong to 37 genus , and Al - Ameia station was rcorded 35 species belong to 24 genus . The concentration of chlorophyll values were recorded in the four stations 0.12 - 2.65 , 0.21 - 3.10 , 0.31 - 3.89 , 0.11 - 10.2 ml/L. respectively, and the concentraions of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn and Co) in phytoplankton were ranged betwen 11.55 - 48.26 , 18.84 - 97.22 , 139.80 - 659.01 , 77.14 - 477.36 and 43.55 - 216.02 µg/gm dry wet respectively. The biomass of aquatic plants were ranged between 5.35 - 199.52 , 34.45 - 465.77 , 22.90 - 98.23 gm/m2 for C. demersum , P. australis and B. monniera respectively. The concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn and Co) in C. demersum were 1.04 - 88.53 , 2.14 - 66.36 , 36.05 - 1466.04 , 56.56 - 197.14 and 23.07 - 216.75 µg/gm dry wet for the Cu, Pb , Mn, Zn and Co respectively, and in P. australis were 6.17 - 66.34 , 1.19 - 66.50 , 32.76 - 467.02 , 23.78 - 176.32 and 7.11 - 98.11 µg/gm dry wet respectively , while in B. monniera were 0.44 - 56.15 , 0.81 - 67.04 , 12.56 - 99.15 , 33.34 - 116.55 and 0.04 - 10.44 µg/gm dry wet respectively. Averges of BCF in the C. demersum were 2.03 , 1.22 , 35.00 , 1.25 and 0.72 for Cu, Pb , Mn, Zn and Co respectively , while in P. australis were 1.60 , 1.05 , 14.36 , 0.83 and 0.36 respectively , and in B. monniera were 0.57 , 0.92 , 4.47 , 0.71 and 0.01 for heavy metals respectively , and in the phytoplankton the ranges were 3.08 , 2.58 , 79.51 , 1.29 , 0.57 respectively. The results showed that the aquatic plant C. demersum was most concentration for heavy metals and Mn was more accumulation , and showed that phytoplankton was more accumulation to heavy metals than aquatic plants.
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