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تاثير عنصر النيكل في الحالة الغذائية لبذور وبادرات نبات الخيار اثناء عملية التشرب == The effect of nickel on nutritional status of cucumber seed and seedling during the imbibition

Author name: مروة خالد رزاق
Supervisor name: رحاب عيدان كاظم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الى بيان تاثير كلوريد النيكل والمستخلص النباتي (قشور الرمان) على الحالة الغذائية لبذور وبادرات نبات الخيار حيث اجريت تجربة التشرب وتم حساب بعض القياسات المورفولوجية وتقدير بعض المؤشرات الكيموحيوية والجزيئية لبذور الخيار Cucumis sativus L. صنفBETH ALPHAF1 (اردني). نقعت البذور لمده 27 ساعة بتراكيز مختلفة من محلول كلوريد النيكل ( 1*10 - 5و 5*10 - 5 و1*10 - 4و 2*10 - 4 و4*10 - 4 و8*10 - 4 و1*10 - 3 و0.1 ) مولاري, فضلا عن عينة السيطرة (ماء مقطر)، وبثلاثة مكررات لكل معاملة, سجل الوزن الطري للبذور وبمعدل 3 قراءات لكل 3 ساعة والقراءة الرابعة (الاخيرة) تمت بعد 27 ساعة (قبل ظهور الجذير) ولوحظ زيادة الوزن الطري مع زيادة المدة الزمنية (القراءة الرابعة هي الافضل) اذ كانت 7.388غم . كما كان التركيز 5*10 - 5مولاري الافضل في زيادة الوزن الطري مقارنة مع السيطرة اذ بلغ الوزن 6.902غم, وفي حالة التداخل فان القراءة الرابعة مع التركيز 1*10 - 3 مولاري هي اعلى قيمة للوزن الطري اذ بلغ 7.62غم, القراءة الرابعة مع التركيز 0.1 مولاري سبب انخفاض في الوزن الطري بلغ 6.63غم مقارنة مع عينة السيطرة للماء المقطر وللقراءة نفسها. اعيدت التجربة التشرب بتحضير تراكيز النيكل المذكورة سابقا مع المستخلص النباتي (قشور الرمان مستخلص مائي حار تركيزه 1%)، وسجل الوزن الطري مع التركيز, وكان التركيز الافضل في زيادة الوزن الطري للبذرة هو 8*10 - 4 مولاري (7.87غرام) وافضل قراءة كانت الرابعة 6.78 غم، وفي حالة التداخل فكان الوزن الطري الاعلى هو 7.81 غرام عند التركيز 8*10 - 4 مولاري وعند القراءة الرابعة. اخذت القياسات المورفولوجية المتمثلة بالنسبة المئوية للانبات ولمعامل سرعة الانبات للبذور المتشربة لمدة 27 ساعة (20 بذرة في 20 مل ماء مقطر / طبق بتري) وكان اعلاها قيمة عند التركيز 1*10 - 5 مولاري اذ كان 95%, %45 واقلها في التركيز 0.1 مولاري اذ كانت %50, %25 لتجربة تراكيز النيكل بالماء المقطر وتم قياس طول والوزنين الجاف والطري للمجموع الجذري والخضري والمساحة الورقية، ولوحظ زيادة معنوية في اغلبها بالتراكيز الواطئة اذ كانت اعلاها في التركيز 1*10 - 5 مولاري اذ كانت النتائج كالتالي(14.9سم, 5.8سم,10.9 ملغم , 71.3ملغم, 111 ملغم , 265 ملغم, 2.5سم2)لمحلول كلوريد النيكل وتناقصت معنويا مع زيادة التركيز اذ ان التركيز 0.1 مولاري كانت نتائجه سلبية وكانت كالتالي (1.3سم , 0, 1.1 ملغم , 0, 61ملغم, 0, 0 )عند المقارنة مع عينة السيطرة. وفي حالة القياسات المورفولوجية لبذور الخيار المتشربة والمزروعة بطبق بتري فان المستخلص النباتي خفف تاثير النسبة المئوية للانبات ولمعامل سرعة الانبات عند التركيز 0.1 مولاري لكلوريد النيكل المحضر بالمستخلص النباتي(قشور الرمان) (76.67و 33.07%) مقارنة مع كلوريد النيكل المحضر بالماء المقطر (50، %25)على التوالي. محتوى الكاربوهيدرات الكلية ازداد معنويا بالتراكيز الواطئة وكان اعلاها عند التركيز1*10 - 5 مولاري اذ بلغ 748 ملغم/غم واقلها عند التركيز 0.1 مولاري اذ بلغ 210 ملغم/غم ، وكان الانخفاض متدرج في محتوى الكاربوهيدرات الكلية مع زيادة التركيز ايضا, كما انخفض محتوى البروتين مع زيادة التركيز اذ بلغ 28.9 ملغم/غم في التركيز 1*10 - 5 مولاري ، وكان اقله في التركيز 0.1 مولاري اذ بلغ 15.5ملغم/غم وقد زاد محتوى الكلوتاثيون مع زيادة التركيز فكان اعلاه عند التركيز 0.1 مولاري اذ بلغ 26.8 مايكروغرام/غم وكذلك سبب كلوريد النيكل زيادة في محتوى النيكل والبوتاسيوم في لب البذور واغلفتها وكانت هذه زيادة تدريجية مع زيادة التركيز حيث بلغ التركيز1*10 - 5 مولاري في غلاف البذور 18.2مايكروغرام/غم اما في اللب فقد كان 16.1 مايكروغرام/غم اما عند التركيز 0.1 مولاري فقد ارتفع تركيز النيكل اذ بلغ في غلاف البذور 32.1مايكروغرام/غم وفي اللب 27.1 مايكروغرام/غم اما بالنسبة للبوتاسيوم فقد بلغ محتواه في غلاف البذور بالتركيز 1*10 - 5 مولاري 458.00 مايكروغم/غم وفي اللب 558.00 مايكروغرام/غم اما بالتركيز 0.1مولاري فقد كان محتوى البوتاسيوم في غلف البذرة 1175.00مايكروغم/غم وفي اللب 2158.33 مايكروغم/غم, وقد انخفض محتوى الصوديوم في البذور واغلفتها مع زيادة التركيز اذا بلغ محتوى الصوديوم في غلاف البذرة في التركيز 1*10 - 5 مولاري 19.5 مايكروغم/غم اما في اللب فقد بلغ 12.1 مايكروغم/غم اما التركيز 0.1 مولاري فقد كان محتوى الصوديوم في اغلفة البذور 9.1 مايكروغم/غم اما اللب فقد كان 3 مايكروغم/غم تم تقدير تركيز الهرمونات في البذور المتشربة ولوحظ زيادة تركيز الاوكسين والزياتين في التراكيز 1*10 - 5 - 1*10 - 4 مولاري للاوكسين كانت ( 24*10 - 5 - 18*10 - 5ملي مولار) وبالنسبة للزياتين فان التراكيز(1*10 - 5 - 4*10 - 4) مولاري كانت (110*10 - 5 - 204*10 - 5 ملي مولار) وانخفضت قيم كلا الهرمونين بالتراكيز الاعلى الى التركيز 0.1 مولاري اذ بلغ 5*10 - 5 بالنسبة للاوكسين و63*10 - 5 بالنسبة للزياتين, والذي اعطى اقل قيمة. بدا تركيز هرمون الجبرلين بالتناقص تدريجيا مع زيادة التركيز حيث بلغ 44*10 - 3 ملي مولار بالتركيز 0.1 مولاري , في حين ازداد حامض الابسيسك مع زيادة التركيز وصولا الى اعلاه عند التركيز 0.1 مولاري5 23420*10 - ملي مولاري. ان فعالية انزيم الفاامايليز والبروتيز انخفضا تدريجيا مع زيادة التركيز حيث بلغ انزيم الفاامايليز في التركيز 0.1 مولاري 6 ملغم/دقيقة اما انزيم البروتيز فقد بلغ 7.7 وحدة/ مل في حين ان انزيم اليوريز ارتفع معنوياعند المقارنة مع عينة السيطرة عند التراكيز العالية وكان اقلها عند التركيز0.1 مولاري حيث بلغ 21.97 وحدة/مل يزداد تراكم الالنتوين مع زيادة تركيز العناصر الثقيلة الى ان يصل الى حد معين في التركيز 4*10 - 4 مولاري اذ يبلغ محتوى الالنتوين 598مايكروغم/غم ثم يبدا بالانخفاض الى ان يصل الى اقل محتوى في التركيز 0.1مولاري اذ بلغ 207مايكروغموعلى المستوى الجزيئي, فان المؤشرات المدروسة لاختبار الذنب (comet) مثل طول الذنب (comet length) حيث بلغ في التركيز1*10 - 5 مولاري 22 مايكروميتر وبدا بالارتفاع مع زيادة تركيز كلوريد النيكل اذ ب التركيز 0.1مولاري بلغ 169 مايكروميتر اما ارتفاع الذنب (comet high) فقد ارتفع الى 77.8 في التركيز 0.1 مولاري والمعدل الكلي للاجزاء المقطوعة التي تتجمع فيه قطع DNA comet moment)) قد تاثرت بالتراكيز المختلفة لكلوريد النيكل وسببت التراكيز العالية منه ارتفاع في قيم هذه المؤشرات الخاصة بتحطيم DNA اذ وصل الى 3.822 مايكروميتر في التركيز 0.1 مولاري | The study aimed to demonstrate the effect of nickel chloride and plant extract (pomegranate) on the nutritional status of seeds and cucumber seedlings In laboratory, Imbibition in some physiological, biological and molecular experiment conducted for seeds of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.)class BETH ALPHA F1 Jordon. The seeds soaked for 27 hour with different concentrations of Nickel (1*10 - 5 , 5*10 - 5 , 1*10 - 4, 2*10 - 4 , 4*10 - 4 , 8*10 - 4 و1*10 - 3 , 0.1 ) chloride In addition to control (distilled water). In imbibition experiment, recorded 3 fresh weight at different time (soaking every 3 hour) at the last fresh weight were the forth at 27 h.(before emergence the radical). There were increasing in fresh weight with increasing in time of soaking ,the best period is the fourth 7.388 g at the best concentration was 5*10 - 5 M give significant increasing in fresh weight 6.902 g , in interaction between soaking time and concentration, the best were at the forth and concentration 1*10 - 3 M 6.63g The imbibition experiment is repeated with different concentration of Nickel chloride prepared in plant extract pomegranate peel 1% hot extract. The concentration 8*10 - 4 M was increase the seeds fresh weight 7.87g while the best soaking time was the fourth 6.87g. In interaction between the soaking time and concentration, the best was at the forth and at concentration8*10 - 4M 7.81g After 27 hr ,(20 seed in 20 ml d.w/pettri dish),germination percentage and coefficient velocity percentage of germination were indicated the highest value was at 1*10 - 5 M was 95%, 45% the lowest was at 0.1 M was 50%,25% for each imbibed seeds in experiments (Nickle chloride with d.w) Almost low concentration of nickel chloride caused increasing in length of root and shoot ,fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, and increasing the leaf area too at 1*10 - 5 the result was 14.9cm,5.8cm, 10.9mg, 71.3 mg,111mg,265mg, 2.5 cm2 while the high concentration caused decreasing in all these parameters compared with control as 0.1M the result was (1.3cm,0,1.1mg ,0,61 mg ,0, 0) The concentration of nickel chloride which prepared with pomegranate peel extract showed declining in almost physiological parameters but it alleviate the toxicity concentration (0.1) M by increasing the percentage of germinated in control with nickel chloride prepared by d.w. Total carbohydrate content was significantly increased with low concentration and it was the highest in the 1 * 10 - 5 M of Nicl2 748 mg/g and the The decline was graded with increased of concentration at 0.1M was 210mg/g Protein content decreased with increasing of concentration at 1*10 - 5 M was 28.9 mg/g and in the 0.1 M was 15.5 mg/g while glutation content was increased with increase of concentration of Nicl2 at 0.1M was 26.8 mg/g, Nicl2 caused increasing in nickel and potassium in both seed and coat and these increasing was graded with increased of concentration in coat at 1*10 - 5M was 18.2 µm/g and seed was 16.1 µm/g at 0.1M concentration of nickel in coat was 32.1µm/g and in the seed 27.1µm/g , While sodium content in the coat at 1*10 - 5M 458.00 µm/g and in seed 558.00 µm/g while at 0.1M in coat was 1175.00 µg/g and seed was 2158.33 µm/g. The sodium content in the seeds and their coats decreased with increasing concentration of nickel chloride, the sodium content in the coat at 1*10 - 5 M was 19.5 μ g / g and in seed was 12.1 µg/g while at concentration 0.1M in coat was 9.1 µm/g and seed 3µg/g It has been estimating the concentration of hormones in seeds was observed to increase the concentration of auxin and zeatin in low concentration (1*10 - 4 - 1*10 - 5) M for auxin was (24*10 - 5 - 204*10 - 5 mM) The values of both hormones were reduced by higher concentrations to a concentration of 0.1 M was 5*10 - 5 M for auxin and 63*10 - 5M for zeatin .GA3 It began gradually decreasing with high concentration at 0.1M was 44*10 - 5 mM while ABA was increased with increased of Nicl2 Until it reached above 23420*10 - 5mM in0.1 M The effectiveness of the enzyme Alfaamayles and Protease gradually decreased with the increase of concentration where the enzyme Alfamaylese in the concentration of 0.1 M was 6 mg / min either the enzyme protease was 7.7 units / ml, While the urease enzyme was significantly increased in comparison with the control sample at high concentrations. at the concentration 0.1 M was 21.97 units / mL The accumulation of alantoin increases with the increasw concentration of heavy metals until it reaches a certain concentration of 4 * 10 - 4 M, the content of alantoin was 598 µm/g and then starts to decrease until it reaches the lowest content in the concentration of 0.1 M, which reached 207 µm/gAt the molecular level increased in the some parameters such as comet length at 1*10 - 5 M was 22 µM and at 1*10 - 5 M was 169 µM and comet high was increase to 77.8 µM at 0.1 M and comet moment increase with increasing of concentration of Nicl2 compared with D.W was reached to 3.822 µM at 0.1 M

تاثير مستخلصات المركبات التربينية والقلوانية والفينولية الخام لنبات الزريج Chrozophora tinctoria L. في بعض جوانب الاداء الحياتي لحشرة الذبابة المنزلية Musca domestica L.(Diptera : Muscidae) مع عزل وتشخيص المركبات الفعالة باستعمال تقنية الكروموتوغرافيا الس == The Effect of Crude Extract For, Terpenoids Alkaloids And Phenolic Compounds of Chrozophora Tinctoria L. On Some Biological Aspects of House Fly Musca Domestica L. (Diptera : Muscidae) And Isolation And Identification of Active Compounds By Using High Per

Author name: اسيل كريم جبار السلطاني
Supervisor name: هادي مزعل خضير الربيعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت سلسلة من التجارب المختبرية في مختبر بيئة الحشرات/كلية العلوم للبنات/جامعة بابل خلال عام 2014 - 2015 تضمنت اختبار فعالية مستخلصات المركبات التربينية والقلوانية والفينولية الخام لنبات الزريج Chrozophora tinctoria في بعض معايير الاداء الحياتي لحشرة الذ | A series of laboratory experiment were conducted in the laboratory of insect /college of Science for women /University of Babylon during the year 2014 - 2015 The present study conducted to evaluate the activity of crude extract of Terpenoid, Alkaliod and Phenolic compounds of Chrozophora tinctoria on some biological aspect of Musca domestica and histological study for effect crude phenolic compound on ovaries as well as isolation and identifaction of active compounds in these extracts.The extract of crude terpenoid compound was more effective than crude alkaloid and phenolic compound in different critirra of biological perphormance. The mortality rates of eggs in the extract of terpenoid alkaloid and phenolic compound at concentration 1mg/ml were (90, 63.7, 39.6)? respectively compared with (0.4, 0.8, 0.8)% in the control tretmentsThe mortality rate of first larval instar was (57.64, 57.00, 26.85)% respectively when treated with crude terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds at concentration 1mg/ml compared with (0.8, 0.8, 0.8)% in the control treatment.The mortality rate of pupae was 18.06% when treated with crude terpenoid extract at concentration 1mg/ml compared with 0.4% in the control treatment. The cumulative mortality rates of immature stage when treated with crude terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compound were (100, 100, 42) % at concentration 1mg/ml compared with (15, 14, 12)% at the control treatment.Developmental period of immature stage was 36.6 days when treated with crude alkaloid extract at 0.25 mg/ml compared with 10.2 days in the control treatment.The pupal weight and female productivity were reduced from 0.1gm, 122.6 egg/female in control treatment to 0.556 gm, 0 egg/female respectively when treated with crude alkaloid extract at 0.25 mg/mlThe different concentration of crude terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compound were effective in the performance of eggs deposition, the nummber of eggs decreases in crude extract terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds at the concentration in same space was (0) egg/femal for all extracts at concentrion 1mg/ml comparted with (117, 118, 106) egg/femal in the control treatment, while was (0) egg/femel when treated in different concentration of terpenoid, alkaloid alone of consentration 1mg/ml compared with (120, 122) egg/femel in the control treatment.The number of eggs was (37) egg/femel when treated with phenolic compounds at same concentration compared with (120) egg/femel in the control treatment.The study included the effect extracts activity for crude phenolic at concentration 1mg/ml in histological structure for insect overies, The length and diameter of ovary and ovares follicles at (24, 96) houres after emergency while the length and diameter of ovary was (625, 468.75)µm respectively at 24 houre at concentration 1mg/ml compared with (652.173, 565.217)µm in the overy of femel in the control treatment. The length and diameter of ovaries follicles were (116.66, 72.22)µm respectively in the femel overy for control treatment, while was not distingwish for follicles female which were produced from treatment. while in (96) hour after emergency the length and dimeter of ovary (1114.285, 971.428)µm respectively when treated with extract compard with (1688.88, 1481.48)µm for overy of female in control treatment.Isolation and identification of active compounds in the crude extract of terpenoid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds, of Chrozophora tinctoria by using high performance liquid chromatography (H.P.L.C), Five compounds isolated from crude terpenoid extract was Teter methyl hydrazine compound which had retention time(1.333) mintue which was the first compound, while seven compounds isolated from phenolic compounds The gallic acid compound had retention time 1.34 mintue, which was the first compound isolation.Two compounds were isolated from crude alkaloid compounds which were berberine and isoquinoline, berberine compound had retention time 2.51 mintue which was more concentration than other compound.

دراسة تصنيفية لبعض اجناس العائلة المركبة Asteraceae في العراق == Taxonomical Study of Some Genera From Asteraceae In Iraq

Author name: اشواق فالح خزعل العجيلي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خضير البيرماني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تناول هذا البحث دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لستة اجناس تعود للعائلة المركبة Asteraceae وهي Chrysanthemum L. وGazinia وGerbera وLeontodon L. وTagetes L. وZinnia L. وتميز كل جنس من تلك الاجناس المذكورة باحتوائه على نوع واحد فقط في العراق وهيL. Chrysanthemum coro | The present investigation comprises systematic study for six genera belong to Asteraceae as follow : Chrysanthemum L., Gazinia, Gerbera, Leontodon L., Tagetes L. and Zinnia L. Each genus of those genera described as containing only one species in Iraq, Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Gazinia splendens Gaertn, Gerbera jamisoni F.Gmel, Leontodon laciniatus L., Tagetes patula L. and Zinnia elegans L. respectively. The study was conducted in the laboratory research of plant taxonomy / College of Science women / Babylon university for the period January 2015 until August 2015.The study included morphological, anatomical, palynological and chemical characteristics as well as numerical taxonomy have been done for all species. The importance of taxonomic to studying variations in roots, stems, leaves, inflorescences, involucre bracts, flowering and fruiting parts and Indumentum were discussed. Results showed that many of the vegetative and reproductive characters have the importance taxonomic value for isolating genus from each other such as presence and absence of the stem and the nature of the basal and cauline leaves in addition the present of leafy stipule as well as the nature of Indumentum.Anatomical characters of leaves epidermises and the cross section of the stem, leaf blade, petiole and peduncles, in addition leaves venation have been studied and their taxonomic importance were assessed.The study also found the pollen grain was tricolporate in general, but the presence of spine or not had an important taxonomic to isolate Gerbera jamisoni by smooth surface compared to the rest of the species, while possible to isolate Gazinia splendens and Leontodon laciniatus by the presence of the bridges in pollen surface. On the other hand it has been the study of chemical content in each of the leaves and flowering heads of the species studied using Gas Chromatography technique (GC) to detect the terpenoid compounds, The presence of compound Nerolidol, Terpinolene in the species.. Gerbera jamisoni, Zinnia elegans emphasized the importance taxonomic chemical content at the level of species and genera.The species were numerically treated on the basis of number of selected characteristic from various studies to obtain the similarity and differences ranges between different species. Dendrogram was drawn for this purpose. As a result of preceding observation this study confirmed the diagnosis of six genera within Asteraceae family in Iraq. Finally all the taxa were treated taxonomically, and the key was prepared for all the taxa studied.

تقييم كفاءة بعض المواد الكيميائية ومستخلص الماء المغلي والبارد لنبات الصبار (L.) Opuntia ficus indicaعلى حيوية الرؤيسات الاولية للمشوكة الحبيبية Echinococcus granulosus خارج الجسم الحي In == Evaluation The Efficiency of Some Chemicals And Boiled And Cooled Water Extracts of Cactus Opuntia Ficus Indica (L.) On The Protoscolices Viability of Echinococcus Granulosus In Vitro

Author name: اشجان محمد عريبي الخالدي
Supervisor name: احمد خضير عبيس الحميري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: Evaluation study was conducted for some chemical solutions (Formalin, Sodium chloride NaCl and Silver nitrateAg NO3) as well as cooled and boiled cactus plant axtracts for the period from March 2014 till October 2014 on the In vitro protoscolices viability for Echinococcus granulosus by using preservative media solution (Kreb ringer+hydatid cyst fluid, 4 : 1, respectively). Protoscolices were collected from the infected sheeps livers in Al - Hilla and Al - Najaf abattoir, and protoscolices suspention was added to each concentration of the therapeutic agents alone which were used for different time periods. The percentage of the viability of protoscolices was measured by using the eosin aqueous stain (0.1%). The results revealed that the viability of protoscolices percentage (90.72%) and after five days the viability of protoscolices was 60.9 - 68 % and from results showed that the silver nitrate solution with concentrations (100, 125, 250, 500, 1000) ?g/ml was the highest solution which succed in killing the protoscolices 100% at the first hour of experiment, followed the sodium chloride solution with concentrations (100, 125) mg/ml at the first hour, then the boiled cactus plant extracts with concentration 10 mg/ml showed high efficiency and succeded to killing the protoscolices 100 % after 48 hours from another cooled cactus plant extracts with concentration 10 mg/ml which succeded to killing protoscolices after 72 hours as well as the albendazole drug with concenrtation 400 mg/ml which succeded in killing the protoscolices 100 % after 72 hours while the formalin solution with concentration 40 % succeded in killing the protoscolices 100 % after 96 hours from the experiment

دراسـة تصنيفية للجـنـس Rhagadiolus Scop. (Compositae) في العراق == A Systematic Study of The Genus Rhagadiolus Scop. (Compositae) In Iraq

Author name: اوراس عبد السيد مهدي الحسيني
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خضير البيرماني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تناولت الدراسة الحالية دراسة اربعة انواع للجنس Rhagadiolus Scop. في العراق دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة شملت الصفات المظهرية والتشريحية وحبوب اللقاح والبيئة والتوزيع الجغرافي للانواع اضافة الى التصنيف العددي.شملت الدراسة المظهرية صفات الجذور والسيقان والاوراق وا | The genus Rhagadiolus Scop. in Iraq has been systematically studied. Work involving comparative morphology, anatomy, palynology, ecology & geographical distribution and numerical taxonomy has been presented. The morphological study includes studying the characters of root, stems, leaves, inflorescences, phyllaries, flowers, and fruits in addition to indumentums. It has been clear that the characters of stems, leaves, involucres bracts and fruits have a taxonomic importance.Also it has studied some of the micro morphological characters and their taxonomic importances were assessed.The present study showed that the pollen grains of all species were found to be tricolporate with echinate surface & of little taxonomic value. This study also includes characters of the epidermal leaf and stems, indumentums, venation and transverse section of stems and leaves discussion were also included, the taxonomic importance of each character & its variation, it is shown that these characters have an importance assessing morphological characters to isolate these species.Data obtained from herbarium specimens, literature and trips was utilized to elucidate the ecology of the species. Maps of geographical distribution were prepared for all species studied. It has been shown that R.angulosus was the most widely distributed species in the country. The species under current study were numerically treated ; dendrograms and polygonal graphs were drawn for the species of the genus. In conclusion (4) species of the genus Rhagadiolus : R.angulosus, R.edulis, R.hamosus and R.stellatus were recognized for Iraq, taxonomic treatment has been carried out for all Rhagadiolus species and key was designed for them too.

تاثير الماء المعالج مغناطيسيا في بعض الصفات المظهرية والكيموحيوية في عقل نبات الماش (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) == Effect of Magnetically Treated Water On Some Morphological And Biochemical Properties of Mung Bean (Phaseolus Aureus Roxb.) Cuttings

Author name: عامر راضي عبد الحسين جبار
Supervisor name: بشير عبد الحمزة محمد العلواني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: This study was conducted in order to investigate the role of magnetically water in the rooting of fresh and aged (phaseolus aureus roxb.) cuttings, and the impact of treated water in some morphological criteria and biochemical that interfere in the induction of rooting in cuttings and fall clearly when delayed induced auxin treatment in aged cuttings. Study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of biology at the University of Babylon, for the period 2012 - 2014 was the use of magnetic therapy devices (Magnitron) of water with three gauss 1000, 2000.3000 so as to provide a magnetic flow to distilled water and river water and used as well as the complete randomized design and analyzed the results statistically significant and valuable knowledge LSD to extract the significantly differences between the treatments and the results were as follows : Physiological parts1. Increase the number of roots significantly in cuttings when treat for 24 h.with auxin dissolved with distilled water processor in 1000 gauss amounted to 77.75 root / cutting.2. The results showed that the roots rate increased significantly in the treatment of fresh cuttings treated in distilled water processor 1000 gauss gave 64 root / cutting. As well as the rest treatments affect in rooting increase as given (58, 52.25) root / cutting for each of the treatment 2000.3000 gauss, respectively.3. The treatment of river water as well as magnetically influenced in increasing the number of roots significantly in three processes and the highest being in the 1000 gauss(84) root / cutting.4. The results showed that distilled water processor magnetic effect is significant in the processes that occur during ageing of the cuttings, which led to a reduction in rooting rate in aged cuttings, as it was observed that the treatment of the cuttings for 72 - hour in 1000 gauss is the best of the rest of the treatments amounted to 48 root / cutting. As the impact of river water processor magnetically significantly increase the number of roots in the aged cuttings as treatment given to 1000 gauss higher values 70 root / cuting.Biochemical parts.1. The results showed that chlorophyll content increased significantly when using the river water wizard three intensities (18.09, 17.43, 16.99) (spad) intensities of 1000, 2000.3000 gauss respectively.other each of distilled water and river water processor magnetically in 1000 gauss increase in chlorophyll content to 16.07, 18.57 (spad) respectively in aged cuttings.2. It was observed that the treatment of auxin dissolved in three intensities impacted significantly on the effectiveness of antioxidants defense system and the highest being at the treatment of the cuttings in auxin dissolved water magnetically processor in 1000 gauss, as was the effectiveness of the enzyme SOD 1.85 unit in the effectiveness of the enzyme CAT reached 15.30 unit and increased GSH content to 0.914 mg / g when compared with the control treatment.3. influenced the treatment of fresh cuttings in distilled water magnetically processor with three intensities are equally matched in the effectiveness of SOD and CAT, and the highest being at 1000 gauss magnetic intensity as it affected the effectiveness of the CAT to 31.62 units. Magnetic intensity also affected the same increase in GSH content reached significantly to 0.710 mg / g.4. The results showed the treatment of fresh cuttings river water magnetically wizard in three intensities increase in the effectiveness of the enzyme SOD and CAT, and the highest being at the treatment of 1000 gauss, amounting to 4.168, 45.9 U for both enzymes, respectively, as GSH content increased significantly, reaching 0.810 mg / g in the treatment of the fresh cuttings in 1000 gauss.5. I have not noticed any significant effect of distilled water processor magnetically as well as river water in the MDA content.6. The impact of distilled water processor 1000 gauss significantly in increasing the effectiveness of the enzyme SOD and CAT in aged cuttings, amounting to 2.88, 42.84 units respectively, as GSH content increased to 0.785 mg / g when the treatment of tresh cuttings in distilled water processor with 1000 gauss and also affected the rest of the intensities increase in GSH content in aged cuttings.7. increased the effectiveness of enzyme SOD and CAT when treated of aged cuttings in river water processor magnetically 1000 gauss, amounting to 2.9, 51.2 units respectively, as GSHwas significant increase in content to 0.854 mg / g when treatment aged cuttings in river water processor 1000 gauss and also affected the rest of the intensities increase in GSH content.8. The use of treated water magnetically 1000 gauss significantly effect in reducing the MDA content in aged cuttings 0.293 mg/g fresh weight.

الخصائص الجزيئية لعزلات للفطرين Penicillium expansum وAspergillius terreus المعزولة من ثمار التفاح وقدرتها على انتاج سم الباتيولين == Molecular Characteristics of Isolates Penicillium expansum & Aspergillus terreus Isolated from the Apples and their Ability to Produce Patulin

Author name: خديجة حمزة كاظم
Supervisor name: ابتهال معز عبد المهدي الحسيني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

دراسة تاثير phenylalanine في فعاليات الانزيمات المضادة للاكسدة ومركبات الايض الثانوية في نبات عين البزون Catharanthus roseus L. (G). Donخارج الجسم الحي == Study the effect of phenylalanine on antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites content in Catharanthus roseus L.(G).Don in vitro

Author name: ميسم حمزة مهدي
Supervisor name: بشير عبد الحمزه محمد العلواني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

دراسة تصنيفية مقارنة لاجناس العائلة العشارية Asclepiadaceae في العراق == genera of the family Asclepiadaceae Taxonomical study comparative of the

Author name: سناء مراد عبد الكاظم المسلماوي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خضير البير مانيا | هادي مزعل خضير الربيعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

تاثير التداخل بين الصوديوم والبوتاسيوم في استجابة تجذير عقل الماش Phaseolus Aureus Roxb الطرية والمعمرة == Influence of interaction between sodium and potassium on rooting response of Fresh & Aged Mung bean )Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) cuttings

Author name: سحر عامر علي سلومي المشهداني
Supervisor name: عبد الله ابراهيم شهيد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

دور حامضي الاسكوربيك والسالسليك في تخفيف سمية الكادميوم بدلالة استجابة التجذير لعقل الماش Vigna radiata L. Wilczek == Role of ascorbic & salicylic acids in alleviating toxicity of cadmium as measured by rooting of mung bean cuttings Vigna radiata L. Wilczek

Author name: اسراء عبد الامام عبد الزهرة الرياحي
Supervisor name: عبد الله ابراهيم شهيد الربيعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

تاثير مستخلصات اوراق نباتي الاثل Tamarix macrocarpa (Ehrenb.) Bge. والسدر Ziziphus spina - christi (L.)Willd. في نمو وانتاجية نبات الباذنجان Solanum melongena L. صنف برشلونة Barcelone == Effect of leaves extracts of Tamarix macrocarpa (Ehernb.)Bge. and Ziziphus spina-christi L.(Willd) on plant growth and productivity of Solanum melongena L. var. Barcelone

Author name: نورا ابراهيم حسين الشمري
Supervisor name: هادي مزعل خضير الربيعي | صلاح علي عيدان
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

دراسة تشريحية وتصنيفية وخلوية لاجناس العشيرة Triticeae Dum. في العائلة النجيلية Poaceae في العراق == Systematic anatomy and Cytological study for the genera of tribe Triticeae Dum. in the family Poaceae in Iraq

Author name: رقية منون حسن النعماني
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خضير البيرماني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية لبعض اجناس العشيرة Andropogoneae من العائلة النجيلية (Poaceae) في العراق == Morphological and Anatomical study of some genera of Tribe Andropogoneae Family (Poaceae)in Iraq

Author name: حوراء نوري سامي الهاشمي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم البيرماني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

تاثير حامضي السالسيلك Salicylic Acid والبرولين Proline في تحمل نبات الفلفل (Capsicum annuum L.) للاجهاد الملحي == Effect of Salicylic Acid and Proline on Salt Tolerance of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Plant

Author name: وسن مضر حسين ابو التمن
Supervisor name: علي حسين جاسم الخيكاني | بشير عبد الحمزة العلواني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

تاثير الاحماض الامينية الحاوية على الكبريت (Cysteine & Methionine) بالاضافة الى ال Salicylic acid وال Citric acid في تاخير عمليات التعمير في عقل الماش Phaseolus aureus Roxb. == The influence of sulfur containing amino acids (Cysteine & Methionine) as well as Salicylate & Citrate in delaying ageing processes in mung bean cuttings (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.)

Author name: هديل عامر كاظم
Supervisor name: عبد الله ابراهيم شهيد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

دراسة تصنيفية لاجناس العائلة الربيعية Primulaceae في العراق == Taxonomical study on genera of family Primulaceae in Iraq

Author name: هدى جاسم محمد التميمي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خضير البيرماني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية لبعض اجناس عشيرة Paniceae من العائلة النجيلية Gramineae (Poaceae) في العراق == A Morphological and Anatomical study of some genera of tribe gramineae ( Poaceae) in Iraq

Author name: ميلاد شهيد كاظم علوان السلطاني
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم البيرماني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

تاثير الرش بالسماد المركب الـ NPK والحديد المخلبي في النمو والحاصل وبعض المكونات الفعالة طبيا لضربين من نبات الكجرات Sabdariffa L.Hibiscus == Effect of Spraying with two fertilizers NPK and Fe-EDTA on growth ,yield and some active constituents in two varieties of Alkjrat plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa L

Author name: هيام غانم كريم الموسوي
Supervisor name: سعد علي احسان الاعرجي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

تاثير ظروف التعمير المعجل لبذور الماش في النمو والانتاج == Aeffect accelerated ageing conditions of Mung bean seeds growth and production

Author name: فرح عامر عباس
Supervisor name: عبد الله ابراهيم شهيد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

دراسة تصنيفية للجنس Helichrysum Mill. (Compositae) في العراق == A systematic Study of the Genus Helichrysum Mill.(Compositae) in Iraq

Author name: فاطمة محمد عبد المحسن شعابث
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم البيرماني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

تاثير الاجهاد الملحي في بعض المؤشرات المظهرية والوظيفية والكيموحيوية في نبات الطماطة Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. == Effect of Salt Stress on some Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical parameters in Tomato Plant Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

Author name: طيب احمد اسماعيل حسين الطباطبائي
Supervisor name: بشير عبد الحمزة العلواني | محمد عبد الله جبر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

دراسة مظهرية وتشريحية لانواع الجنس Avena L. من العائلة النجيلية (Gramineae) Poaceae في العراق

Author name: ضحى عباس كاظم الخفاجي
Supervisor name: عبد الكريم خضير البيرماني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

استخدام تقنية التلقيح ببكتريا Bacillus subtilis في حماية حبوب ونباتات الحنطة من الاصابة بالفطرين Aspergillus niger Van tieghem وAspergillus flavus Link == Using Inoculation Technique by Bacillus subtilis in Protect Grain and Wheat Plants from Aspergillus niger Van tieghem and Aspergillus flavus Link

Author name: زهراء كاظم حبيب الموسوي
Supervisor name: ابتهال معز عبد المهدي الحسيني | بشير عبد الحمزة العلواني
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

التاثير المزدوج ل 2,4 - D وParaquat في تجذير عقل نبات الماش ومكافحة دغلي الفجيلة والشوفان

Author name: رقية هادي رحمن الخفاجي
Supervisor name: عبد الله ابراهيم شهيد | بشير عبد الحمزة محمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Plant
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
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