Author name:
اسراء عبد الزهرة قوري المياحي
Supervisor name:
علاء عبد الخالق حسين | مجدي فيصل مجيد العلي
Abstract:
This study was carried out in the college of veterinary medicine / Basrah university to find out the toxic effect of the synthetic parathyroid insecticides (permethrin) in embryos kidney and young chick Gallus domestics ,eggs were obtained (227) from Baghdad poultry farm, weights were (55.23 - 69.50) g. The study divided in to two main parts : The first part used (50) eggs were injected with experimental doses (0.00033,0.00022,0.0004,0.0001,0.00005) mg/L of permethrin insecticide before incubation , the results revealed : - A positive correlation between embryonic mortality percentage and insecticide concentration were obtained , whereas the (LD50)values were decreased with increase of exposure time, and the lowest value was recorded at (0,00033) mg/l after (96) hr. of exposure time according to this results the following concentrations of (0.00033,0.00022)mg/l for permethrin were taken.The second part (177) eggs were divided into (9) groups according to the age : 4,7,9,11,14,16,18,19 and the final one included group with 7 day age after hatching.Eggs were injected before incubation with 0.00033, 0.00022 mg/L of insecticide in air sac, while the control group with distal water were injected.The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in length for groups that injected with concentrations (0.00022,0.00033) mg/L compared with control group specially (19,28 day)of age; on the other hand there were a significant differences (p<0.05) between groups that injected with 0.00022mg/L compared the other groups(0.0003mg/L) in( 28 day).This study shown a significant differences (p<0.05)in weight between groups that injected with (0.00033,0.00022)mg/L in (19,28 days) compared with control group.Also the study shown a significant differences(p<0.05) in weight for groups that injected with (0.00033,0.00022)mg/L from 14 to 28 days compared with the first days and it were the same differences that occurred in control group with less significant differences.The teratological changes of embryos and young chicks according to age were studied in the nine ages which mention above; while the histopathological changes by permethrin studied for mesonephron and metanphron in the same aging groups.Teratological changes occurred according to the following : - opisthotonus in (4th day) ,decrease in epithelial pigment of eyes in (4th,7th days), incomplete development of limbs and wings in (7th,11th,14th,16th,19th days) and some embryos in (11th day) have abnormal growth in maxillary bones , longitudinal fissure dorsally and abnormal brain.Delay growth of feathers in( 9th,11th,14th,19th days ), growth of tail in (9th , 14th days), incomplete development of beak in (9th,11th,18th days) , abnormal growth of skin in (9th,14th,18th,19th days) , congestion in head in (9th ,11th days) , swelling in head and incomplete entering of yolk sac from body in (19th day).The embryos in (14th ,16th ,19th days) suffered from abnormality of the some organs which located out of the body uncompleted development of the vitelline circulation of yolk in (14th day) while the chicks suffered from paralysis of wings and limbs and ruffled feathers.The study results recorded some embryos cases which detected for the first time with the following signs : cleft in dorsum skin region continue from down of neck to lumbar region of embryo body (11) ages , negation growth pads in embryo(11,19) ages ,exit organs out sides the body called hernia in (14,16,19 days), negation retraction yolk sac in to body in last days of incubation( 19) ; finally negation keratinized skin and scales for limbs in( 18 )day of incubation.Histopathological changes were observed in the kidney sections fo both embryos and chicks that injected with (0.00022,0.00033)gm/l of permethrin , included glomeruli and tubular necrosis, swelling in endothelial layer of tubules, absent of glomeruli in some sections accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion in the glomeruli ,decrease in diameter lumen of tubules,absent of space of Bowman's capsule ,swelling diffused in kidney, enlargement of glomeruli ,absent of the histological structure characters of glomeruli and tubules ,enlargement of some tubules nuclei were detected in comparison with the control groups.
