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تاثير بعض مستخلصات الطحلب الاخضر Chara vulgaris L. على البيوض والطور اليرقي لشريطية القطط Taenia taeniaeformis Batsch, 1786 == The Effect of Some Green Algae Extracts Chara vulgaris L. On The Eggs and The Cysticercus of Taenia taeniaeformis Batsch, 1786

Author name: عقیل عبد الصاحب عبد الحسین الوائلي
Supervisor name: باسم ھاشم عبد الله | عماد یوسف عواد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:

دراسة بعض التاثيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية لدواء Paclitaxel المضاد للسرطان في الفئران المختبرية Mus musculus L. == Study of some physiological and histoloygical effects of the anticancer drug paclitaxel in laboratory mice Mus musculus L

Author name: ضحى طالب حميد الطائي
Supervisor name: سامي جبر المالكي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: صممت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة تاثير دواء Paclitaxel المضاد للسرطان في الجوانب الفسيولوجية والكيموحيوية والنسجية في الفئران المختبرية البيض Mus musculus L. , اذ تم تقسيم ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها الى ثلاث مجاميع , تتكون كل مجموعة من ثمانية فئران هي : مجموعة السيطرة Control group : تتكون من 8)) ذكور و(8) اناث , حقنت بـ (0.2) مل من المحلول الفسيلوجي Normal Saline داخل الغشاء البريتوني (I.P) .مجموعة الجرعة الواطئة : تتكون من (8) ذكور و(8) اناث, حقنت بـ (0.2) مل من محلول دواء Paclitaxel بتركيز 12 ملغم / كغم داخل الغشاء البريتوني (I.P) .مجموعة الجرعة العالية : تتكون من (8) ذكور و(8) اناث , حقنت بـ (0.2 ) مل من محلول دواء Paclitaxel بتركيز 24 ملغم /كغم داخل الغشاء البريتوني (I.P) . وقد اوضحت نتائج الدراسة الحالية حدوث انخفاض معنوي في معايير الدم المتضمنة تعداد كريات الدم الحمر, وحجم الدم المضغوط وخضاب الدم في كل من ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها المعاملة بالجرعتين ( 12 و24) ملغم /كغم وانخفاض معنوي في معدل حجم الكرية الحمراء بالجرعة العالية في الاناث عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة . كما بينت النتائج انخفاضا معنويا في التعداد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض والنسبة المئوية للخلايا الوحيدة والحبيبية في ذكور الفئران المختبرية المعاملة بعقار Paclitaxel بالجرعتين (12 و24) ملغم \كغم بينما لوحظ في الاناث انخفاض معنوي في العدد الكلي لخلايا الدم البيض والنسبة المئوية للخلايا الوحيدة بالجرعتين والحبيبية بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم \كغم عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة, وارتفاع معنوي في النسبة المئوية للخلايا اللمفاوية بالجرعتين 12)و 24) ملغم \كغم لذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها. اظهرت النتائج وجود انخفاض معنوي في وزن جسم ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم / كغم فقط عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة. كما اوضحت النتائج حدوث انخفاض معنوي في نسبة خصوبة ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها (عدد الحوامل) المعاملة بعقار Paclitaxel بالجرعتين ( 12و24 ) ملغم / كغم , وحدوث انخفاض معنوي في عدد مواليد الامهات والذكور المعاملة بالجرعتين , كما اظهرت النتائج انخفاضا معنويا في اوزان المواليد عند اليوم الاول للولادة والاسابيع الخمسة بعد الولادة في ذكور الفئران المختبرية المعاملة بالجرعتين بينما لوحظ في الاناث المعاملة بالجرعتين (12 و24 ) ملغم \كغم انخفاض معنوي في اوزان الولادات عند اليوم الاول للولادة والاسابيع الثلاثة بعد الولادة وبالاسبوع الخامس بالجرعة العالية عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة . سبب دواء paclitaxel انخفاضا معنويا في اعداد الحيامن بالجرعتين 12)و (24ملغم /كغم وخلال المدتين 45, 30 يوما , بينما لم تظهر النتائج فرقا معنويا في تشوهات ذيل النطف ورؤوسها بالجرعتين وخلال المدتين عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة , فضلا عن ذلك بينت النتائج حدوث انخفاض معنوي في اعداد الحيامن السوية بالجرعتين وخلال المدتين. اظهرت نتائج الدراسة الهرمونية انخفاض معنوي في مستوى هرمون الشحمون الخصوي والهرمون المحفز للجريبات stimulating hormone (FSH) Follicle والهرمون اللوتيني Luteinizing hormone (LH) بالجرعتين في ذكور الفئران المختبرية, بينما لوحظ في الاناث انخفاض معنوي في هرمون الاستروجين بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم /كغم , وانخفاض في الهرمون المحفز للجريبات بالجرعتين عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة . كما بينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود ارتفاعا معنويا في مستوى انزيمات الكبد المتمثلة بانزيم Aspartate transaminase ( AST) و(Alanine transaminase ( ALT وAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم / كغم في ذكور الفئران المختبرية عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة . كما اظهرت نتائج الدراسة ايضا انخفاض معنوي في مستوى البروتين الكلي في ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها عند معاملتها بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم / كغم فقط مقارنة مع مجموعة السيطرة. اشارت نتائج الدراسة الحالية الى ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى الدهون المتعادلة ثلاثية الكليسريد بالجرعة العالية في كلا الجنسين وانخفاضا معنويا في مستوى الدهون المتعادلة ثلاثية الكليسريد في ذكور بالجرعة الواطئة 12 ملغم/كغم وارتفاعا معنويا في مستوى الكولسترول الكلي لمصل الدم في الذكورفقط بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم /ملغم وارتفاع معنوي في مستوى البروتين الدهني عالي الكثافة High density lipoprotein في ذكور الفئران المعاملة بالجرعة العالية 24 ملغم \كغم وبالجرعة الواطئة 12 ملغم \ كغم في الاناث , كما سبب الدواء انخفاضا معنويا في مستوى البروتين الكلي واطئ الكثافة جدا Very low density lipoproteinفي الذكور بالجرعة الواطئة عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة . واظهر حقن دواء Paclitaxel في الفئران المختبرية حدوث ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى اليوريا لمصل دم ذكور بالجرعتين ( 12 و24 ) ملغم\كغم , بينما في الاناث بالجرعة العالية عند مقارنتها مع مجموعة السيطرة . واظهرت نتائج دراسة المقاطع النسجية في خصى الفئران المختبرية المعاملة بدواء Paclitaxel حدوث تحلل كامل في جدار معظم النبيبات المنوية وفرط تنسج في خلايا ليدك بالاضافة الى نزف في النسيج الضام البيني , وخلل تنسج Dysplasia . وبينت المقاطع النسجية في مبيض الفئران المختبرية المعاملة بالدواء حدوث احتقان بعض الاوعية الدموية , وتحلل خلية البيضة , وتنخر خلايا الطبقة الحبيبية وانفصالها عن خلية البيضة وعدم تكون طبقة خلايا الاكليل المشع Corona radiate بالاضافة الى تحلل نواة الحوصلة الثانوية . كما سبب دواء Paclitaxel تغيرات مرضية نسجية في كبد وكلى الفئران المختبرية , اذ اظهرت نتائج المقاطع النسجية لكبد ذكور الفئران واناثها المعاملة بالدواء حدوث تنخر وتنكس في الخلايا الكبدية ,وارتشاح الخلايا الالتهابية مع ظهور تشوه وتضخم انوية بعض الخلايا الكبدية وفرط تصبغ السايتوبلازم ,بالاضافة الى توسع الوريد المركزي والاوعية الدموية ,وتوسع الوريد البابي الكبدي واشباه الجيوب الكبدية واحتقانها . اظهرت الدراسة النسجية لكلى ذكور الفئران المختبرية واناثها المعاملة بالدواء حدوث تنخر بطانة النبيبات وتنكسها , وارتشاح في الخلايا الالتهابية مع ظهور تشوهات في الانوية وحدوث موت خلوي مبرمج , واحتقان في الاوعية الشعرية الدموية, وتوسع تجويف النبيب الملتوي القريب واختفاء حافته الفرشاية, وتوسع الاوعية الشعرية الدموية, ونزف وتضخم وفرط تنسج وتوسع, وتضيق حيز محفظة بومان في الكبيبة , وحؤول بطانة النبيبات, وانتفاخ بعض خلايا النبيبات الكلوية وتضخمها . | This study was designed to investigate the effects of the anticancer drug Paclitaxel on some physiological, Biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in albino laboratory mice Mus musculus L. , The male and female laboratory mice were divided into three groups, eight mice each : 1 - The control group (8) males and (8) females , all of them injected with (0.2)ml of physiological saline Intraperitoneal (I.P) .2 - The low dose group of (8) males and (8) females, all of them injected with (0.2) ml of 12 mg/kg paclitaxel , Intraperitoneal (I.P) . 3 - The high dose group of (8) males and (8) females, all of them injected with (0.2) ml of 24 mg/kg paclitaxel , Intraperitoneal (I.P) . The results of this study showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in blood parameters that include red blood corpuscle (RBC) , packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) for both male and female mice were injected with two doses of paclitaxel (12,24) mg/kg and a significant decrease in mean cell Volume (MCV) that are treated with high dose. The results also showed a significant decrease in the total number of white blood cells and percentage of monocyte and granulocyte cells in male mice treated paclitaxel for both two doses (12,24) mg/kg . while in female mice the total number of white blood cells and percentage of monocyte cells were significant decreased with two doses and percentage of granulocyte cells with high doses 24 mg\kg in comparison with the control group, and a significant increase in percentage of lymphocyte in male and female mice were treated with the two doses(12,24) mg/kg. The results also exhibited a significant decreased in body weight of male and female mice in high dose 24 mg/kg only when compared with control group. The results exhibited a significant decrease in fertility of male and female mice treated with paclitaxel with two doses (12 ,24) mg\kg, there was a significant decrease also in number of newborns male and female treated with two doses, and there was a significant decrease in newborns weight in the first day of birth and the five weeks of birth with (12,24) mg/kg , while female treated with the two doses , there was a significant decrease in the first day of birth and subsequent three weeks after birth with the two dose and fifth week with the high dose ( 12 , 24) mg/kg in comparison with the control group . The results of this study also showed a significant decrease in sperm count treated in mice with the two doses after 30 - 45 days of birth . while no significant difference in malformation rate of sperm (head and tail) with the two doses through the same period in comparison with the control group . there was a significant decrease in the number of normal sperm through the same period with the two doses . The hormonal study showed a significant decrease in testosterone level and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) with both doses and luteinizing hormone (LH) level with two doses for male mice , in females there was a significant decrease in estrogen levels with high dose 24 mg\kg and a significant decrease in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) with two doses in comparison with control group. The present study showed a significant decrease in levels of liver enzymes Aspartate transaminase (AST) , Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in male mice were treated with high dose (24) mg/kg in comparison with control group . The present study also showed significant decreased in total protein in male and female mice treated with high dose (24) mg/kg only in compared with control group. The study showed a significant increase in triglycerides level in male and female mice that are treated with high dose and it also showed a significant decrease in triglycerides level in male mice with low dose 12 mg/kg .There is a significant increase in the total cholesterol level for serum in male mice only that are treated with high dose 24 mg/kg .The study showed a significant increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) in male mice with high dose 24 mg/kg and even with the low dose 12 mg\kg in female mice . The drug causes a significant decrease in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in male mice that are treated with the low dose in comparison with the control group . Injection with paclitaxel in mice lead to a significant increase in urea level in serum for male mice that are treated with both doses (12,24) mg\kg in comparison with the control group. The results of the study of histological sections in male testis were treated with paclitaxel showed analysis in most seminiferous tubules , hyperplasia in leydig cell , bleeding in interstitial connective tissue and dysplasia. Histological sections in female mice ovary were treated with paclitaxel showed a congestion in some blood vessel , oocyte degeneration, necrosis of granular layer and separated from oocyte and degeneration of secondary follicle nuclei. Injection with paclitaxel leads to histopathological pathological changes in mice kidney and liver .The result of histopathological sections of liver in male and female mice were injected with paclitaxel showed necrosis and degeneration in hepatocytes, infiltration of inflammatory cells with show malformation and hypertrophy of some hepatocytes nuclei , hyperchromic cytoplasm, also dilation in central vein and blood vessel , dilation and congestion of portal hepatic vein and sinusoids. The study of histological sections for male and female kidneys were treated with paclitaxel showed necrosis of endothelial tubules and infiltration of inflammatory cells with show malformation in nuclei and apoptosis , congestion in blood vessel , dilation in proximal distal tubules and absent of brush border , dilation capillaries , bleeding, hypertrophy , hyperplasia, dilation and narrow of bowman's capsule , metaplasia endothelial tubules , swelling cells and hypertrophy of some renal tubules cells .

دراسة بعض التاثيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية لمبيد دايمثويت في الفئران المختبرية البيض Mus musculus L. == Study of some Physiological and Histological Effects of Dimethoate pesticide in laboratory white mice Mus musculus L

Author name: صفا محمد حسين
Supervisor name: علي عبد اللطيف العلي | فارس شاكر كاطع
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: تم دراسة التاثيرات الفسيولوجية والنسجية في بعض اعضاء الفئران المختبرية بعد حقنها بجرعتين من المبيد الحشري الفوسفوعضوي دايمثويت Dimethoate, اذ قسمت ذكور الفئران المختبرية الى ثلاث مجاميع وضمت كل مجموعة ثمان فئران وبالطريقة نفسها قسمت اناث الفئران وحقنت مجاميع الذكور والاناث كالاتي : - 1مجموعة السيطرة : حقنت بحجم 0.1 مل من المحلول الفسيولوجي .Normal saline 2 - مجموعة المعاملة الاولى Treated group 1 (T1) : حقنت بحجم 0.1 مل من محلول مبيد dimethoate وبتركيز 6ملغم/ كغم ولمدة 30 يوما ومثلت الجرعة الواطئة من المبيد. - 3 مجموعة المعاملة الثانية Treated group 2 (T2) : حقنت بحجم 0.1 مل من محلول مبيد dimethoate وبتركيز12 ملغم/ كغم ولمدة 30 يوما ومثلت الجرعة العالية من المبيد. بينت نتائج المعايير الدمية لذكور الفئران المختبرية وجود انخفاض معنوي في كل من عدد كريات الدم الحمر وخضاب الدم وحجم الدم المضغوط وبالجرعتين 6 و12 ملغم/ كغم مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة, كما اظهرت النتائج انخفاض معنوي في معدل تركيز خضاب دم الكرية MCHC وبالجرعة 12 ملغم / كغم فقط ، اما في الاناث فقد انخفض معنويا عدد كريات الدم الحمر وحجم الدم المضغوط ومعدل حجم الكرية ومعدل تركيز خضاب دم الكرية وبالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم عند المقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة, في حين انخفض معنويا معدل خضاب الدم Hb بالجرعة الواطئة 6 ملغم/ كغم فقط عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة. اظهرت نتائج العد التفريقي لخلايا الدم البيض في ذكور الفئران انخفاضا معنويا في عدد خلايا الدم البيض الكلي وبالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم، كما انخفضت معنويا كل من النسبة المئوية للخلايا الحبيبية والوحيدة بالجرعة العالية 12 ملغم/ كغم فقط عند مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة ,في حين انخفض عدد خلايا الدم البيض الكلي والنسبة المئوية للخلايا الحبيبية في اناث الفئران المحقونة بالجرعة 12 ملغم/ كغم فقط من المبيد عند المقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. اوضحت نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود انخفاض معنوي في اعداد الحيامن بالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم, ووجود ارتفاع معنوي في نسبة تشوهات رؤوس الحيامن وذيولها فضلا عن وجود انخفاض معنوي في اعداد الحيامن الطبيعية وبالجرعتين 6 و12 ملغم/ كغم مقارنتها بمجموعة السيطرة. بينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية وجود انخفاض معنوي في الزيادة الوزنية لذكورالفئران المختبرية واناثها المعاملة بالجرعتين 6 و12 ملغم/ كغم من مبيد الدايمثويت مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. اوضحت النتائج عدم وجود فروق معنوية في مستوى انزيمات كبد ذكور الفئران المختبرية Aspartate transaminase (AST) وAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) المعاملة بالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم, فيما انخفض معنويا مستوى انزيم Alanine transaminase (ALT) بالجرعة الواطئة 6 ملغم/ كغم فقط مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة, في حين ارتفع معنويا مستوى انزيمات AST وALP لكبد اناث الفئران بالجرعتين6 و12 ملغم/ كغم فضلا عن ارتفاع مستوى انزيم ALT وبالجرعة الواطئة 6 ملغم/ كغم فقط مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. كما اشارت النتائج الى ارتفاع معنوي في مستوى يوريا وكرياتنين المصل لذكور الفئران وبالجرعة 12 ملغم/ كغم فقط, كما ارتفع معنويا مستوى اليوريا فقط لمصل اناث التجربة بالجرعة العالية 12 ملغم/ كغم فقط ولم تظهر النتائج اي فارق معنوي في تركيز كل من اليوريا والكرياتنين لمصل مجموعة الجرعة الواطئة 6 ملغم/ كغم مقارنة بمجموعة السيطرة. اظهرت نتائج فحص المقاطع النسجية لاعضاء الفئران المختبرية حدوث تغيرات نسجية مرضية في انسجة كبد وكلى ورئة وطحال وخصى ومبايض الفئران المحقونة بمبيد دايمثويت وبالجرعتين 6 و12 ملغم/ كغم واعتمدت شدة التغيرات على جرعة المبيد اذ ازدادت شدتها في الجرعة العالية 12 ملغم/ كغم, وتمثلت التغيرات في الكبد بحدوث تنكس Degeneration وتنخرNecrosis لبعض خلايا الكبد واحتقان دموي Congestion وتوسع Explansions في الوريد البابي والمركزي واشباه الجيوب الكبدية فضلا عن وجود نزف Hemorrhage في المساحة البابية وارتشاحInfiltration خلايا التهابية في مناطق متفرقة في الكبد, اظهرت التغيرات في الكلية تنكس بعض خلايا بطانة النبيبات في حين لوحظت خلايا اخرى متنخرة, اضافة الى انسلاخSloughing وحؤولMetaplasia بعض خلايا بطانة النبيبات بالاضافة الى احتقان ونزف وارتشاح خلايا التهابية في الكبيبات . اظهر الفحص النسجي لرئة الفئران المحقونة بجرعتي المبيد تغيرات نسجية مرضية متمثلة بوجود وذمات Odema وارتشاح خلايا التهابية بمناطق مختلفة ونزف واحتقان الاوعية الدموية, فضلا عن حدوث فرط تنسج Hyperplasia وانتفاخ Swelling الخلايا المبطنة للاسناخ الرئوية مما يسبب تضييق تجاويف تلك الاسناخ. اما في الطحال فقد تمثلت التغيرات النسجية بحدوث تضخم للعقيدات الطحالية وتوسع الاوعية الدموية وقلة في اعداد خلايا متعددة الانوية الكبيرة , فضلا عن حدوث زيادة في خلايا النسيج النخاعاني myloid tissue المكون للدم ووجود تكدس مواد غير حية شفافة materials Hayline بلون وردي في مناطق اللب الاحمر لاسيما حول العقيدات الطحالية . ادى الحقن بمبيد الدايمثويت الى حدوث تغيرات نسجية مرضية في انسجة خصى ومبايض الفئران المختبرية اذ تمثلت هذه التغيرات بحدوث تحلل كامل لمعظم الخلايا المكونة للحيامن في النبيبات المنوية مما يؤدي الى قلة اعدادها, كما لوحظ تسمك Thicking الغشاء القاعدي لبعض النبيبات المنوية فضلا عن احتقان الاوعية الدموية ووجود وذمات بين النبيبات, اما التغيرات النسجية التي حدثت في المبيض شملت حدوث فرط تنسج واحتقان الاوعية الدموية في برنكيما المبيض. | The physiological and histopathological changes were studied in some organs of laboratory mice injected with two doses of organophosphorus insecticide (Dimethoate). male mice were divided into three groups of eight animals per groups, and the same for females and male and female groups were injected as following : 1 - Control group : were intraperitonially (i.p) injected with 0.1 ml of normal saline.2 - Treated group 1 (T1) : were i.p injected with 0.1 ml of 6mg/kg of Dimethoate for a period of 30 days and represented as a low dose of the pesticide.3 - Treated group 2 (T2) : were i.p injected with 0.1 ml of 12 mg/kg of Dimethoate for a period of 30 days and represented as a high dose of the pesticide. The results of blood parameters in male mice showed a significant decrease in both of red blood corpuscle (RBC) count, hemoglobin Hb and Packed cell volume (PCV) of both doses (6,12mg/kg), and significant decrease in mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in dose of 6mg/kg only as compared with control group. while in female, both of RBC count,PCV, mean cell hemoglobin(MCH) and MCHC were significantly decreased in both doses (6,12mg/kg), a significant decreased in Hb in dose of 6mg/kg in comparision with control group were recorded. The results of differential WBC counts of male mice showed significant decrease in total WBC counts in mice injected by both doses (6,12mg/kg),also the percentage of monocytes and granulocytes were significantly decreased in dose of 12mg/kg only as compared with control group, while the WBC count and the percentage of granulocytes were significantly decresed in female injected with 12mg/kg only of pesticide as compared with control group. In the male mice injected with two doses (6,12mg/kg). the results of current study explained decrease significantely in sperm count, and significant increases in percentage of malformation rate of sperm heads and tails , as well as, significant decreases in normal sperm count when compared with control group. The results of present study showed significant decrease in weight gain for male and female laboratory mice treated with two doses (6,12mg/kg) of dimethoate in comparision with the control group. The present data showed no significant differences in the level of liver enzymes Aspartate transaminase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of male laboratory mice treated with two doses (6,12mg/kg), while significant decreased in the level of Alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme with dose of 6 mg/kg only as compared with control was noticed, while significantely increased in levels of liver enzymes (AST and ALP) in female mice with two doses (6,12mg/kg), as well as,there was a significant increased in level of ALT enzyme with dose 6 mg/kg only when comparision with control. The level of urea and creatinine serum significantly increased whith two doses (6,12mg/kg), and there was no significant difference with dose of 6mg/kg when compared with control, also, the level of urea significantly increased in the serum of female mice with 12 mg/kg only, and there was no significant differences with 6 mg/kg as compared with control group. The results of histological section for some organs of laboratory mice showed occurrence of histopathological changes in the tissues of liver,kidney,lungs,spleen,testis and ovaries of mice injected with doses (6,12mg/kg), and The severity of the effects were dependent on dose, Histopathological findings of liver included degeneration and necrosis of some liver cells, blood congestion and explansions in the portal vein,central vein and hepatic sunsoids, as well as, the presence of hemorrhage in the portal area, infiltration of inflammatory cells in scattered area of it. In the kidney, histopathological changes showed degeneration of some tubular epithelium,while other cells where observed necrotic, sloughing and metaplasia of some tubular lining cells, as well as, congestion, hemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the glumeruli. The histological examination of mice lungs were injected with two doses of dimethoate showed histopathological changes represented by the presence of edemas, infiltrations of inflammatory cells in different areas, hemorrhages and vascular congestion, as well as the occurrence of hyperplasia and swelling of cells lining of the pulmonary alveoli, causing narrowing cavities of those alveoli. In the spleen, the histological changes represented by occurrence of hypertrophy of the spleen nodules, expansion of blood vessels and decrease in the number of megalomultinucleated cells, as well as an increase in the cells of hematopoietic myloid tissue and presence of hyaline material, stained with pink color in the red pulp areas, especially around the spleen nodules. Injection with dimetoate caused histopathological changes in the testis and ovaries of laboratory mice represented by complete analysis of most spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules,leading to decrease their numbers ,we also observed thickening of the basement membrane of some seminal tubule ,as well as vascular congestion and deposition of a live materials in interstitial spaces ,while the histological changes that have occurred in the ovaries included hyperplasia and vascular congestion in the stroma in addition to decrease number of ovarian follicles and corpora leutea.

تقدير بعض العوامل البيئية والبكتريولوجية لمياه الصرف الصحي في محافظة البصرة / العراق == Assessment of some environmental and bacteriological factors of Wastewater in Basra Province, Iraq

Author name: سهى محمد علي محمد سعيد المظفر
Supervisor name: منال محمد اكبر | ميثم ايوب عبد القادر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية لمعرفة تاثير مياه الصرف الصحي على المحتوى البكتيري في محطة حمدان لمعالجة مياه الصرف الصحي /البصرة حيث تستلم المحطة مياه المجاري المنقولة عبر شبكة من الانابيب التي تستلم مياه المجاري من50% من مناطق مدينة البصرة. اختبرت ثلاث مواقع لاخذ العينات هي المحطة الاولى حوض التجميع الخارجي والمحطة الثانية حوض الترسيب الابتدائي اما المحطة الثالثة فهي المياه الخارجة من المحطة والتي تصب في شط البصرة.وشملت الدراسة ايضا قياس بعض الخصائص الفيزيائية والكيميائية لمياه المجاري وهي (الاس الهيدروجيني pH ودرجة الحرارة Temperature والملوحة Salinity والمتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين BOD5 والفوسفات والمواد الصلبة العالقة الكلية TSS والمواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية TDS والنتريت NO2 والنترات NO3) خلال الفترة من كانون الاول2014/ ولغاية ايار2015/.ويتضح من نتائج هذه الدراسة ان المتطلب الحيوي للاوكسجين BOD5 هو عامل مهم وله علاقة باعداد البكتريا الكلية الموجودة في مياه الصرف الصحي.كما شملت حساب كثافة المجاميع البكتيرية المتواجدة في مياه المحطات.ولحساب العدد الكلي للمستعمرات البكتيرية اخذت عينات مياه الصرف الصحي وزرعت على اوساط عامة وانتخابية وتفريقية مختلفة استخدم وسط الاكار المغذي Nutrient Agarكما واستخدم وسط المانيتول الملحي الانتخابي Mannitol Salt Agarلعزل المكورات العنقودية الذهبية Staphylococcusaureus ووسط اكار الماكونكي MacConkey Agar لعزل بكتريا القولون البرازية Escherichiacoli ووسط AgarXLD الانتخابي التفريقي (Xylose lysine deoxycholate Agar ) لعزل انواع البكتريا التابعة لجنس السالمونيلا Salmonella.تم ايضا دراسة حساسية العزلات تجاه المضادات الحيوية باستخدام طريقة الانتشار عبر الاقراص Disc Diffusion Test حسب طريقة كربي باور Kirby Bauer Method. ان دراسة حساسية عزلات E. coli توصلت الى ان العزلات البكتيرية ابدت نسب مقاومة عالية لاغلب المضادات الحيوية المختبرة في هذه الدراسة ، كذلك ابدت المكورات العنقودية الذهبية مقاومة عالية لاغلب المضادات الحيوية في حين كانت حساسة لكل من كلورامفينيكول (C) وسيبروفلوكساسين (CIP) ونورفلوكساسين (NOR) وكانامايسين (K). كانت عزلات السالمونيلا متباينة في حساسيتها تجاه المضادات الحيوية المختبرة في هذه الدراسة لكن ابدت عدم مقاومة او مقاومة واطئة للمضاد الحيوي CIP وNOR . ابدت المجاميع البكتيرية المختلفة قيد الدراسة انماط مقاومة مختلفة تجاه المضادات الحيوية اذ ابدت انماط مقاومة مختلفة. وكذلك ابدت العزلات البكتيرية المعزولة من مياه الصرف الصحي مستويات مختلفة من التحمل لتراكيز المعادن الثقيلة ،فيما يخص عزلات E. coliابدت العزلات مستوى عال من التحمل للنيكل بلغ 64% من العزلات كان MIC لها 4mg/Lوللكادميوم فان نسبة 93% من العزلات كان MICلها 0.8mg/L. اما بالنسبة للمكورات العنقودية الذهبية فان 89% من العزلات كان MIC لها 2mg/L لعنصر النيكلوبالنسبة للكادميوم فان 33% من العزلات كان MIC لها 0.4mg/L .وبالنسبة للسالمونيلا كان تحمل 100% من العزلات لعنصر النيكل هو عند 2mg/L في حين كان 50% من العزلات MIC لها 4mg/L كحد اقصى لعنصر الكادميوم. | The present study has been conducted to detect the effect of different parameters of sewage on microbial content at Hammdan for wastewater treatment in Basra city. The station receive sewage transported via net of pipes from different parts of Basra city .Three sites in the station for taking samples ,the first site is the external collection basin, the second site is primary sedimentation basin, the third site is water output that carry the water after treatment to flow at Shatt al Basra. Some characteristics of sewage were measured, these include pH, Temperature, Salinity, BOD5, TDS, TSS, Phosphate, NO2 and NO3 from period December/2014 to May/2015. In this study it is clear that BOD5 is an important factor related to total bacterial count in sewage. The bacteriological study of sewage has been done including measurement of total count of bacteria isolation and counting of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. From different stations selective media is used for isolation including Nutrient Agar , MacConkey Agar , Mannitol salt Agar and XLD Agar . The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates towards selected antibiotics have been studied using disc diffusion test. In the present study E. coli isolates showed high percentage of resistance to most of antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus also showed high percentage resistance to most of antibiotics studied and found susceptibility to Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and Kanamycin. Variable suceptibility to tested antibiotics in the present study has been shown by Salmonella spp., Salmonella spp. were susceptible or show low resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin .Different Antibiotics Resistance Profiles has been shown by different bacteria groups studies. The bacterial isolates from sewage in this study have shown different levels of tolerance to different heavy metals (Nickel and Cadmium). E. coli tolerate high concentration for Nickel (%64) and for Cadmium (%93). High tolerance level for Cadmium has been shown for Salmonella spp (%50).

دراسة مقارنة لتاثير هرمون النمو في عضلات وCyprinus مناسل سمكتي الكارب الاعتيادي والبلطي احمر البطن carpio (L. 1758) Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848 == A Comparative Study to the Effect of Growth Hormone on Muscles and Gonads of Carp Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) and Tilapia Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848)

Author name: سعد محمد صالح عبد الصمد
Supervisor name: عقيل جميل منصور | عبد الكريم طاهر يسر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In the present study, the effect of human growth hormone on the muscles and gonads of common carp Cyprinus carpio (L. 1758) and red belly tilapia Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848) was studied by : - 1 - Studying the effect of human growth hormone on the growth of the two studied species by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of three replicates of control with 120 μg of normal saline / g Body weight and two doses (low and high) with 60 and 120 μg of human growth hormone / g Body weight respectively for both species, then changes were followed up in each treatment after every two weeks of injection by : - a - Pursue histological changes in the muscular tissue by using Cell Profiler software for the first time in Iraq. b - Pursue changes in chemical components ratios of body muscles.c - Measuring of specific growth rate and length - weight relationship for fishes.2 - Studying of human growth hormone effect on the gonads of fishes (adult males and females) with 60 males for each species and a same number of females, all of them injected either with low or high dose with 60 or 120 μg of human growth hormone / g Body weight respectively for both species or with 120 μg of normal saline / g Body weight in fishes of control. This experiment had achieved in a month.3 - Knowing the direct effect of human growth hormone on the follicles by implementing an in vitro experiment with the follicles of carp which implanted in basic salt solution (BBS) then growth hormone was added to the test tubes with two concentrations 5 μg/ ml and 10 μg/ ml, the control follicles were implanted in normal saline. The results of the study revealed that the maximum rate of percentages of the muscle fibers with area less than 314 μm2 for region R1(Dorsal side) was 88.29 % in carp in high dose treatment after the eighth week of injection, while it was 88.00 % for tilapia in high dose treatment after the eighth week of injection, too.In the region R2 (in tail) the maximum rate of percentages of muscle fibers with area less than 314 μm2 was recorded after the eighth week from the beginning of injection was 73.3553 % for carp in high dose treatment and 85.935% for tilapia in high dose treatment.The results showed that 1.00984 and 1.000074 were the highest and the lowest values of condition factor for carp respectively. For tilapia those were 1.009993 and 1.000151 the highest and the lowest values of it respectively.The rate of specific growth rate for length was 0.3616 and 0.44866 cm/day% for carp and tilapia respectively. While the specific growth rates for weight were higher than the comparable one for length and were 1.3489 g/day% for carp and 1.6085 g/day% for tilapia.The results exhibited that the rates of protein percentages for both species in the all treatments in general tend to be higher with progressing of experimental time. Muscle water content percentage rate varied with difference of dose and experimental time. The maximum rate of fat percentage in both species was in control treatment after two weeks of hormone administration.The highest rate of carp male Gonadosomatic index was 6.55% in high dose treatment after the third week of injection, as for tilapia males was 6.103% in low dose treatment after the third week of injection, while the lowest value for this index was recorded after the first week of injection in high dose treatment which as 2.81 and 2.89% for carp and tilapia respectively. For females the highest rate of Gonadosomatic index was in high dose treatment after the third week of injection for both species which was 11.001 and 6.0624% for carp and tilapia respectively. As for the lowest rate of carp female Gonadosomatic index was recorded in control treatment after the first week of injection it was 5.54%, while the lowest rate of this index for tilapia females was 2.99% in low dose treatment after the first week of injection.In the experiment of direct effect of this hormone on the follicles of carp it was found that the highest value of polarization index was 4.12 which recorded in high dose treatment after 48 hours of incubation while it reached the lowest value which was 3.031 in high dose treatment after 24 hours ofincubation.

دراسة تشخيصية مظهرية وجزيئية للشريطيات المتطفلة على نورس مستدق المنقار Larus genei والكرسوع Himantopus himantopus شمال محافظة البصرة == Diagnostic, Morphological and Molecular Studies on some cestodes parasitized on Larus genei and Himantopus himantopus , North of Basrah province

Author name: سحر محمد علي محمد سعيد المظفر
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: During the period from August 2015 to July 2016, fifty three aquatic birds of Larus genei (slender - billed Gull) family Laridae and 52 of Himantopus himantopus family Recurvirostridae were collected from Al - masehab marsh north of Basrah Province.The current study was focused on these two birds due to its economic importance to the local people of the study area. These two birds were found infected with 10 species of cestodes. Echinocotyle longirostris and Infula burhini were recorded for the first time in Iraq. Larus genei was considered as a new host of Wardium fusa.The isolated cestodes were described and compared with other recorded species at different parts of Iraq and the world.The percentage and the mean intensity of infection of these 10 species of cestodes were counted monthly and seasonly together with single, double and trible infection during the whole year. The main percentage infection was reached to 95.2% and the main intensity was 13.49. In L. genei the percentage and mean intensity were 90.5% and 15.4 recepectively, while for H. himantopus were 100% and 11.8 recpectively. In L. genei the high percentage infection was found in August 2015 and September , November, and December 2016, and during March, April, May, June and July for H. himantopus. A significant difference was recorded between the percentage and the mean intensity of infection.Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique with random 6 primers was used to distinguish between Infula burhini and Acoleus vaginatus wich isolated from the bird H. himantopus due to the morphological similarities.The Scanning Electron Microscope (Pharmacy College, Basrah University) was used to photograph the scolex of A. vaginatus and I. burhini.

دراسة مظهرية وجزيئية بتقنية RAPD لبعض الاصناف الغيبانية لنخيل التمر في البصرة == Morphological and Molecular Study by RAPD Technique for Some Un Known (Ghaibany)Cultivars date - palme In Basrah

Author name: زينب شعلان عبد الرزاق علي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية اثناء الموسم الزراعي للعام 2015م على احد عشر صنفا بذريا (غيباني) لنخيل التمر Phoenix dactylifera L. النامية في البصرة وهي اصناف جديدة تسجل لاول مرة, درست ثمان وعشرون صفة من صفات النمو الخضري, وست وعشرون صفة من الصفات الثمرية كما. درست صفات البذور, فتبين ان الاصناف المدروسة اختلفت في الخواص الخضرية والثمرية, اذ اظهرت الدراسة ان كلا الصنفين نبوي والصنف نجمة تميزا بشكل التاج الشبه منفتح في حين كانت الاصناف الباقية مضمومة التاج. وكذلك انفرد الصنف نجمة عن باقي الاصناف بلون الاوراق الاخضر الشمعي. وتراوح معدل طول الورقة من 2.68 م في صنف الوردية الى 4.35م في الصنف نمروشة, كما تراوح معدل طول منطقة الاشواك من 56 سم في صنف دكلة عبد الى 160سم في الصنف ام اللسين. وتباينت الاصناف في معدل عدد الاشواك فكان ما بين 18 شوكة في الصنف وردية الى 47 شوكة في الصنف ام اللسين. واختلفت الاصناف بنمط ترتيب الاشواك على المحور الوسطي فقد انفرد الصنف برماني بنمط توزيع الاشواك الثنائي وامتاز الصنف وردية بالنمط المفرد الثنائي في حين كان النمط المفرد هو السائد في الاصناف الباقية, واتضح من الدراسة ان النسبة المئوية لطول منطقة الاشواك الى طول الورقة الكلي هي من الصفات التي تتسم بالثبات دونا عن باقي الصفات الخضرية. اما بالنسبة للخواص الثمرية فقد تراوح معدل طول العرجون للاصناف المدروسة مابين 66 سم في الصنف رحماني الى 152سم في الصنف برماني والذي يعد من العراجين الطويلة, وانفرد الصنف دكلة داود بلون العرجون الاصفر المائل للوردي اما الصنفين برماني ونجمة فقد كان لون العراجين فيهما اخضر في حين كان لون العراجين في الصنفين وردية ونبوي اصفر يميل للاخضرار واصفر في باقي الاصناف. اما الخواص الفيزيائية المدروسة للثمار فقد سجل الصنف دكل داود اقل المعدلات في حجم الثمرة في مرحلتي الخلال والتمر والتي كانت 5سم3 و2.6سم3 على التوالي, وامتاز الصنف الزريجي بكبر حجم ثماره لكلا المرحلتين الخلال والتمر 17سم3 و10.24سم3 على التوالي, وتبين ان طعم الخلال في الاصناف وردية ودكلة عبد والصنف رحماني والصنف زريجي عفصي اما الاصناف الباقية فهي حلوة المذاق. وامتاز الصنف نجمة بكونه مبكر جدا في موعد النضج وكانت الاصناف الباقية مبكرة النضج في حين كان الصنف برماني متوسط النضج, وامتازت اصناف الدراسة بكون التمور فيها طرية القوام عدا الصنف رحماني الذي كان قوام التمر فيه شبه جاف. واستخدمت الدراسة برنامج التحليل الالي لتحليل المكونات الرئيسة للثمار في مرحلة الخلال, فتبين ان الاصناف انقسمت بمجموعتين وحسب التقارب في البيانات المغذاة للبرنامج فانعزل الصنف الزريجي بمجموعة مستقلة لكون بياناته متفردة, اما المجموعة الثانية فقد توزعت الاصناف فيها الى تحت مجموعة, صغرى ضمت الاصناف دكلة داود ونجمة واقترب منهما الصنف وردية, اما الاصناف الباقية فتوزعت هي الاخرى بتحت مجموعتين. استخدمت الدراسة الجزيئية تقانة PCR RAPD لتثبيت البصمة الوراثية للاصناف المدروسة ولكشف الارتباط الوراثي بينها, وجرى باختبار عشرة بادئات عشوائية من مجموعة OPA وبادئان من مجموعة OPB. تم تحليل نواتج التفاعلات للبادئات مع Genomic DNA الاصناف كافة وكل على حده لتحديد مدى كفات البادئ فكانت النتيجة ان اربعة من البادئات ( OPA0.2 وOPA0.3 وOPA0.5 وOPA0.6) نجحت في كشف التباين بين الاصناف المدروسة, وبينت نتائج التحليل العنقودي للنواتج التفاعلات للبادئات ان الاصناف توزعت بمجموعتين, صغرى ضمت كل من الاصناف زريجي ونمروشة والصنف ام اللسين ومجموعة كبرى ضمت الاصناف الباقية, وقد توزعت فيها الاصناف الى تحت مجموعة ثانوية. مما يشير الى الاصول المشتركة, وبينت الدراسة امكانية انتخاب اصناف بذرية تمتاز بخصائص ثمرية جيدة وتكثيرها لدعم الاقتصاد الوطني. | This study was performed during agronomic season in 2015 on 11 cultivars (ghaibany) Phoenix dactylifera L. that grow in basrah, and these cultivars are new recorder. Twenty eight characteristics of vegetative growth were studied, seed characteristics were studied also. It was concluded that the studied cultivars varied in there vegetative and fruit qualities. The study showed that both cv Nabawy and cv Najma distinguished by semi - opened crown but the other cultivars had closed crown . In addition, cv Najma marked by waxen green leaves. The rate of leaf length ranged from 2.68 m in. cv Wardiah to 4.35m in cv Nammrosha. besides the length of spine area ranged from 56 cm in cv Deglat Abd cultivars to 160 cm in cv Am - Ellsian. The cultivars also varied in the rate of spine number which was 18 in cv Wardiah an 47 in cv Am - Ellsian. The cultivars differed in the style of spine arrangement on rachis since cv Bermany distinguished by the dual style of spine arrangement, while in cv Wardiah marked by single dual style, however the single style was prevalent in other cultivars. The study clarified that the percentage between spine area to the total length of the leaf was one of qualities that characterized by stability that differed from other vegetative characteristics. As for fruit characteristics, the length of peduncle of cultivars concerned ranged from 66 in cv Rahmany cultivars to 152 in Bermany and that was regarded long peduncle. cv Deglat Dawood marked by colour of peduncle which was yellow look like rosy, whereas cv Bermany and cv Najma the colour of their peduncle were yellow look like green and yellow in the rest. As for physical characteristics of studied fruit, cv Deglat Dawood recorded the lowest rates in the volume of fruit during the phases of khalal and dates, the volume was 5 c.m and 2.6 c.m respectively, cv Zraigai distinguished by the bigness of the volume of the fruit for both phases of khalal and date 17c.m and 10.24 c.m. The taste of khalal in the cultivars of cv Deglat Abd, cv Wardiah, Rahmany, cv Zreigai was tannic while the taste of other cultivars were sweet. cv Najma cultivars distinguished by being so early in maturity, the other cultivars were early in maturity but cv Bermany was middle in maturity. The dates of studied cultivars were soft except cv Rahmany that was semi - dry. The study used a program of automatic analysis to analyze the main components of fruit in khalal phases the, it became clear that the cultivars divided into two groups according to the convergence data that fed to the program. cv Zraigai cultivars was isolated in independent group because its data were unique, but the second group ,cultivars in which were classified in small group included cultivars of cv Deglat Dawood and cv Najma and cv Wardiah approached to this group. The other cultivars classified into two groups.The molecular study used P C R RAPD technique to fix genetic print of studied cultivars and to discover the genetic link among them. Ten of random primers of OPA group were tested and two of OPB were tested too. The products of reaction of primers were analyzed Genomic DNA for cultivars totally and individually; to determine the efficiency of primer the results was that for of primers succeeded in discovering the variation among cultivars concerned. The result of cluster analysis of reaction products of primers showed that the cultivars divided into two groups : small group included cv Zairgai, cv Nammrosha and cv Am - Ellsian cultivars, and big group contained the other cultivars in which cultivars distributed into secondary group and that refer to the common origin. The study showed the ability of electing and increasing Ghaibany cultivars that marked by good characteristics to support national economy

دراسة المايكوبلازما المصاحبة لحالات العقم في الرجال في محافظة البصرة == Study of Mycoplasma associated with men infertility in Basrah province

Author name: زهراء كاتب جمعة
Supervisor name: غيداء جاسم عبد النبي الغزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study aimed current was to determine the role of Mycoplasma in men infertility in Basrah province . A100 seminal fluid specimens were collected from men who were admitted to infertility center in Basrah province from 1/10/2015 to 31/5/2016 .Besides 50 semen specimens were collected from those who determine fertility men as control group. Samples then were cultured on Monophasic - Diphasic - Culture - Setup(MDCS) to isolation Mycoplasma then the samples were cultured on Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Chocolate agar to isolation bacteria other than Mycoplasma .The isolated Mycoplasma from 48 cases were concluded five species : Ureaplasma urealyticum 38% ; Mycoplasma hominis 21%;Mycoplasma genitalium 15% ; Mycoplasma pirum 15% and Mycoplasma fermentans 11% . Where the last two species are first recorded in Iraq from semen.This Study also recorded that the patients of 30 - 39 years old were of high infertility rate and Mycoplasma infection percentage.High the percentage of a single infection was related to U. urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis .By using the double Vitek 2 system 22 other bacterial species were diagnosed from seminal fluid. some of these species were first recorded in Iraq and represented types next : Staphylococcus haemolyticus ,,Enterococcus faecalis Staphylococcus hominis , Staphylococcus warneri ,Kocuria rosea , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Kocuria kristinae ,Granulicatella elegans , Vibrio cholera , Aeromonas salmonicida ,Enterococcus faecium , Morganella morganii, Enterobacter cloacae ,Alcaligenes faecalis , Staphylococcus xylosus , Micrococcus lutes ,Granulicatella adiacens, Kocuria varians,And the most exhibited and isolated bacterial species was of Staphylococcus haemolyticus.Mycoplasma infection were noticed in patients who were suffering from other diseases like varicose 18.75% and diabetes 8.33% and bladder nerve pressure 4.16% .In this study the primary infertility was 82% included 39 cases infected with Mycoplasma , while for the secondary infertility 18% nine cases were infected with Mycoplasma .High infection rate of Mycoplasma 69.23% was recorded in patients who underwent a varicose other Surgery compare with the other patients.Mycoplasma infection for the five species was clear quantity and quality in semen analysis for infertile men was less than control group .Where the semen volume was very small and the sperms count was effect on also the sperm morphology and activity (mobility) were affected by Mycoplasma infection . Pus cells and RBC. Were appeared in semen.This study also , confirmed that there is a 7% of semen from infertile men , was free from bacterial infection.

عزل وتشخيص بعض انواع من بكتريا المايكوبلازما من عينات سريرية في مدينة البصرة == Isolation and identification of some Mycoplasma species from clinical samples in Basrah city

Author name: رواء صادق مجيد
Supervisor name: غيداء جاسم عبد النبي الغزاوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: In the present study , a total of 150 clinical samples were collected (50 samples of sputum ,50 swabs of gingiva and 50 vaginal swabs ) from patients visited Basrah general hospital and from the 1st specialized center of dental medicine in the city of Basrah . This study extended from January 2015 to May 2015. Samples were taken from males and females (except vaginal swabs where were collected from females only) .Their ages ranged from 6 - 70 years old. These samples were collected and cultured in a method monophasic - diphasic culture setup ( MDCS ) . Three types of Mycoplasma were isolated : Mycoplasma pneumoniae from sputum , Mycoplasma salivarium from gingival swabs and Ureaplasma urealyticum from vaginal swabs .These isolates diagnosed by biochemical tests and PCR. Mycoplasma spp. were isolated from 76 individuals out of 150 enrolled in this study, infection rate was 50.5% , 25 cases were diagnosed as M. pneumoniae (50%) , 13 cases were diagnosed as M. salivarium (26%) and 38 cases were diagnosed as U. urealyticum (76%).Mycoplasma was studied in related with two factors : sex and age . In this study, the Mycoplasma medium is modified , egg yolk was used instead of horse serum as source of cholesterol and also used two amino acids Arginine and Cysteine as well as urea ( when diagnosing U. urealyticum ) to support Mycoplasma growth. Besides that , thallium acetate was replaced by sodium benzoate , finally , magnesium sulfate was used as a sign of ammonia when diagnosing U. urealyticum.In this study , PCR technique used to diagnose species of Mycoplasma using ATPase gene ,16s rRNA gene and Urease gene .Sixty - eight isolates were identified by PCR technique , 25 of them were M. pneumoniae , 13 were M. salivarium and 32 were U. urealyticum.

دراسة تعدد الاشكال الوراثية لجين GSTPI في مرض السكري من النوع الثاني لعينة مرضى في محافظة البصرة وعلاقتها بدهون مصل الدم == Genetic Polymorphism of Gultathion - S - Transferase GSTPI in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus and it's Correlation with Blood Serum lipid Profile in Basrah Province

Author name: حنين صباح عبد الصمد
Supervisor name: فائزة عبد الوهاب احمد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate the relationships between the T2DM patients and the genotypes of glutathione S - transferase P1, and the measurements of blood serum lipid profile of patients and control. The study included 60 blood samples from patients and 40 blood sample from controls of Iraqi individuals. The sixty individual with T2DM were diagnosed according to the American diabetes Association criteria (American diabetes Association, 2007), their age ranged were between 35 - 75 years randomly selected from those attending the Diabetes Center /Al - Moanaa Hospital for treatment with history of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Sera and blood were used as sample, The measured parameters in serum included (Biochemical testes) : Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Total Cholesrtol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very high density lipoprotein (VLDL). In Addition to Body Mass Index (BMI) .Moreover, the correlation between genotyping of glutathione S - transferase P1 and all studied parameters was carried out. Molecular studies involved DNA extraction and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - Retraction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). to investigate the genetic polymorphism of glutathione S - transferase pi gene class for individuals of this study .Molecular study was conducted in the laboratory of molecular Biology, Department of Biology for pure Sciences college at Basra University .The result showed that Sex, BMI, HDL, LDL and VLDL values for patients and control were not significant while for the level of FBG in patients and control it showed significantly difference (P=0.000). This study revealed significant Positive Correlation between cholesterol and triglyceride (P=0.01). while the Correlation coefficient between Triglyceride & HDL,VLDL individually also between HDL and LDL ,VLDL and LDL with VLDL individually was not significant furthermore FBG and Cholesterol showed positive significant Correlation .The result of genetic polymorphism of GSTPI distribution among studied groups showed rise developing risk of Type 2 Diabetes in patients about 2 - fold in carries heterozygous Ile/Val genotype with an ( OR=2.90; 95% Cl= 1.077 - 7.827, p=0.31) and allele frequency 0.69.,and there is an increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes in patients about 2and half - fold in carries of The homozygous Val/Val genotype in patients with an (OR=2.58, 95%CI=0.625 - 10.662, p=0.171). the heterozygote distribution (2Pq ) of Patients was 0.427 while in control 0.268 and it was not stable according to Hardy - Winderg question.According to data mentioned above the GSTPI genotype polymorphism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of T2DM while its effect on all lipid profile indicator did not show any significant difference.

بعض الجوانب الحياتية للروبيان الدخيل والروبيان Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan,1849) من Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) بعض المواقع المائية في محافظة البصرة == Some Biological aspects of the Invasive Shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan,1849) and The Shrimp Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) from some Aquatic sites of the Basrah province

Author name: انوار مالك جبار المالكي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: The present study intended to shed the light on some biological aspects of the invasive oriental river Shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense compared with that of Jinga shrimp Metapenaeus affinis . For this purpose, Monthly samples were collected and chosen from four Aquatic sites was chosen in the Basrah province (one at each of Al - Mashab and Al - Sallal Marshes and two at Al - Garmah River) during the period from July 2015 to June 2016. collection was done by Fishnet pulled by a boat .The Shrimp numbers were calculated during the time unit (ind./hour) .The Water’s temperature and salinity were studied, it ranged from 15 - 33 ͦ c and 2 - 9.1psu respectively. From a total of 3326, individuals were collected during the study period, only 7% were belong to the first shrimp (M. nipponense ) Compared with 93% to the second shrimp( M. affinis ).The number of each species studied shrimps, varied the monthly. The high number of M. nipponense was 38(ind./hour) recorded during July 2015 and June 2016, while the lowest was 2 (ind./hour) recorded during October and November 2015 . For M. affinis The number of individuals ranged between 980(ind./hour) during August 2015 and 29 (ind./hour) during November 2015 .The comparative monthly percentages were high during seven and six months in the marshes sites recorded for first and second shrimp respectively. The monthly variation in percentages of the two species of shrimps was studied, It ranged (for M. affinis) from 98.8% during August 2015 to 56.8% during July 2015 , while for M. nipponense , It ranged from 43.2% during July 2015 to 1.2% during August 2015 .The results of Frequency showed that the highest percent (100%) was recorded in four months for M. nipponense , these are July, October 2015 February and May 2016. While M. affinis was recorded in most months.Summary bThe population sizes for the two species were studied. For the first species( M. nipponense ), the size class 50 - 60mm dominant during all months of the study period, While for the second species (M. affinis), the size classes 40 - 50, 50 - 60, 60 - 70, and 70 - 80 were recorded during all the months for the first shrimp, the highest percent was 47.3% recorded for the size class 70 - 80 mm , While there is no individuals recorded for the size class 10 - 20 mm during all the months except July 2015 for the second shrimps ,the percentage ranged between 41.4% and less than 1% recorded during May 2016 to March 2016 respectively. On the other hand , the total Frequency for M. nipponense ranged from 83.3% to 0% for the size classes 70 - 80 mm and 10 - 20 mm respectively, While for M. affinis was from 100% recorded for the classes 40 - 50, 50 - 60, 60 - 70 and 70 - 80mm to 8.3% for the class .The Length - Length and Length - weight relationships for the two species were studied The results showed positive correlation between the total length and each of cephalothorax length and abdomen length (r= 0.932 and r= 0.945 respectively, P≤0.01 ) for M. nipponense , Also M. affinis , the correlation was positive for the total length and each of cephalothorax length(r= 0.938) and abdomen length (r= 0.971) (P≤0.01 ) . The correlation was positive between the total length and wet weight for each M. nipponense (r= 0.918 P≤0.01) and M. affinis (r= 0.913 P≤0.01).The Statistical analysis for the weight - weight relationships showed positive correlation between dry and wet weight for M. nipponense (r= 0.966, P≤0.01) and M. affinis (r= 0.918 P≤0.01).The correlation between the lengths of the body and the 2nd chela for male & female of M. nipponense (r= 0.909 and r= 0.823 respectively), these values of correlation refer to the continuous growth of the 2nd chela in male even after the adult stage .Summary cThe concentrations of ten heavy and light metals in shells & muscles of the two shrimps were studied. The results showed a significant differences in eight of them (Cadmium, Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Nickel, Zinc and Sodium) . While there is no significant differences recorded for Lead and Cobalt .The study of some biological aspect which concerned with distribution of eggs on pleopods of females of M. nipponense , showed that the highest mean of eggs was 547.3 (38%) carried on the 2nd pleopod while there are fewer means carried on 1st and 3rd pleopods , and no carry eggs (0%)were carried on the 5th pleopod. The Statistical analysis showed that there was significant differences between the eggs carried on 4th and 5th pleopods and each of the rest ones . lengths of pleopod was positively correlated with the number of eggs (r= 0.661, P≤0.01) The weight of ovigerous female was positively correlated with weight of eggs (r= 0.835, P≤0.01) .The combined effects of salinity and temperature on survival of newly hatched larvae (zoea1 and zoea2) of M. nipponense for 24 & 48 hours’ were tested.The highest survival percentage (100%) for zoea1 was recorded in 12 psu salinity in each of 18, 22 and 26 ͦ c ,While the lowest survival (0%) was recorded in distal water in each 30 and 34 ͦ c . the highest survival percentage was recorded in 12 psu salinity in each 18, 22, 26 and 30 ͦ c. While the lowest one recorded in distal water and 34 ͦ c. The Statistical analysis showed that the percentage survival correlates negatively with temperature and positively with salinity each alone. the combined effect of salinity and temperature on survival was positive with percentage ranged between 38 - 56 % .

دراسة تصنيفية وبيئية لحشرات نصفية الاجنحة المائية وشبة المائية Heteroptera : Hemiptera في محافظة البصرة == Taxonomical And Ecological Study of Aquatic And Semiaquatic Insects(Heteroptera : Hemiptera) In Basrah Provience

Author name: اسماء عبد الزهرة سبع العيداني
Supervisor name: ضياء خليف كريم
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Doctorate
Language: Arabic
University location: Basrah
First pages:
Abstract: Present studies dealing with the taxonomical and ecological studies of the aquatic Hemiptera : Heteroptera in eight stations in Basrah provience ,which are : Al - Medina , Al - Qurna , Basrah center ,Shat Al - Arab , Al - Zubair , Abu Al - Khasib , Al - Faw and Sullein Marsh, collection was done twise monthly during the period from April 2012 to March 2013 .Results showed the presence of nine species belonging to aquatic Hemiptera , three belonging the group Gerromorpha and six the group Nepomorpha,as follows : Group : Gerromorpha(Popov,1971)Family : Gerridae ( Leach , 1815)1 - Aquarius nebularis(Schellenberg,1800)Family : Mesoveliidae(Douglast and Scott , 1867 )2 - Mesovelia vettigera( Horvath , 1895 ) ( apterous )M .vettigera( Horvath , 1895 ) ( macropterous )Family : Macroveliidae3 - Macrovelia hornii(Uhler , 1872 )Grouop : Nepomorpha(Popov,1968)Family : Nepidae ( Latreille , 1802 )4 - Nepa cinerea( Linnaeus , 1758 )Family : Corixidae ( Leach,1815 )Subfamily : Cymatianiae ( Walton , 1940 )5 - Cymatia bonsdorffii(Sahlberg , 1819 )Subfamily : Corixinae ( Leach , 1815 )6 - Sigara(Vermicorixa) latelaris ( Leach , 1815 )Family : Belostomatidae ( Leach , 1815 )7 - Lethocerus fakir(Mayr , 1852)Family : Notonectidae ( Latreille , 1802 )8 - Anisops sardeus(Herrich - Schaeffer , 1849)AbstractBFamily : Pleidae ( Fieber , 1851 )9 - Plea leachi(McGregor and Kirdaldy,1899)Among the collected species ,six were regarded as new records to the Iraqi fauna of this order,they were : A. nebularis,M. vettigera( macrpterous) , M . vettigera( apterous), Ma.hornii , N.cinerea , C.bonsdorffii andP.leachi.Study also deal with the measuring of some ecological aspects like air and water temperatures , salinity , pH and dissolved oxygen ,and their effected on the monthly distribution of the aquatic Hemiptera. Temperature was the most effective aspect in the monthly distribution of the insects ,as the lowest numbers were recorded in Summer months and the highest number were in Winter months , the ranges of the air temperatures were 9 - 43º C and water temperatures were 2 - 33º C .The highest concentrations of salinity was recorded in Al - Zubair , Abu Al - Khasib and Al - Faw reached to 35g/l in Al - Zubair in July , the pH ranges were the same in all stations and was alkalid , their ranges were 7.3 - 7.8 , about the dissolved oxygen it was low and same in all stations except in Sullein Marsh which reached to 11 mg/l in January .The concentration of some heavy metals in water also studied like Fe, Pb, Cu and Zn , the highest concentrations were to Fe and Zn in Basrah center and Al - Zubair, and the highest concentration for Fe in Al - Zubair reached to 6362.21μ/L in August, while highest concentration for Zn in Basrah center reached to 1365.92μ/L in July, while in the other stations the concentrations were lowest .The study also used the water boatmen Sigara latelaris(Leach,1817) as bioindicators of heavy metals pollution in the water of Basrah provience , and taken Sullein marsh as control , and measuring the concentrations of the heavy metals in insects tissues , water and sediments , the results showed that the insects collected from the water of the center of the city can accumulate Fe andAbstractCZn in their tissues and the highest concentrations reached to 3562.16 and 3778.12 μ /gm for Fe and Zn in July , while in the insects taken from Sullein marsh were 286.25 and 285.17 μ /gm .The concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediments of the city center were measured and the highest concentration was for Fe and Zn , and reached to 1569.91 and 1365.91 μ /L of the water of city center , while reached to 215.01 and 223.14 from the same metals in the water of Sullein marsh , the concentrations of the same metals were recorded in sediments of the city center and reached to 2865.16 and 1982.56 μ /gm for Fe and Zn , and the highest concentrations of the same metals in Sullein marsh were 418.57 and 393.74 μ /gm .

الخصائص البيئية لمياه الصرف في معمل دباغة بغداد - العراق

Author name: علياء سلمان مهدي
Supervisor name: ميسون مهدي صالح الطائي | مجيد حسن
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:

اختبار كفاءة اوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي في مكافحة الفطر Rhizoctonia solani في نبات الباذنجان

Author name: رشا سعد فوزي
Supervisor name: امنة محمد علي | مهند مهدي عبد
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة في مختبر السموم الفطرية / قسم وقاية النبات / كلية الزراعة / جامعة بغداد لسنة 2016 من اجل اختبار كفاءة جسيمات اوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي في مكافحة الفطر Rhizoctonia solani في نبات الباذنجان صنف (اعجوبة العراق ) .تم اختبار المقدرة الامراضية لعزلة الفطر Rhizoctonia solani في الوسط الزرعي PDA على بذور الباذنجان, اظهرت النتائج ان عزلة الفطر Rhizoctonia solani اعطت نسبة اصابة عالية على بذور الباذنجان مقارنة بمعاملة المقارنة (بدون فطر ) حيث توضح النتائج ان نسبة الانبات في معاملة المقارنة بلغت 97.33 %. اما في معاملة الفطر بلغت 12 % . كما وجد ان اضافة جسيمات اوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي ( MgO) بتراكيز 1 % و2 % و3 % ادت الى تثبيط الفطر مقارنة بمعاملة المقارنة (فطر ممرض ) وتراوحت نسب التثبيط (96.33 % , 100 % , 100 % ). في حين اظهرت نتائج تجربة الاصص ان معاملة البذور وخلط التربة بجسيمات اوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوية له اثر ايجابي في رفع النسبة المئوية لانبات بذور الباذنجان وكبح نشاط الفطر Rhizoctonia.solani , وكذلك لها اثر ايجابي في معايير النمو المدروسة . اذ ادت المعاملة بجسيمات اوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوية الى زيادة في الوزن الطري والجاف لنبات الباذنجان قياسا بمعاملة الفطر الممرض بمفرده الذي بلغ فيها الوزن الطري والجاف للمجموعين الجذري والخضري 0.18 , 0.06 , 1.60 , 0.52 غم.نبات 1ٙ على التتابع. في حين كانت اوزان المجموعين الجذري والخضري الطري والجاف لمعاملة البذور المعفرة باوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي 0.81 , 0.29 , 4.74 ,1.39 غم.نبات 1ٙ على التتابع, وفي معاملة التربة المعاملة باوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي 0.77 , 0.26 , 7.03 , 1.85 غم .نبات 1ٙعلى التوالي . وكانت معاملة المقارنة (بدون فطر ) 0.51 , 0.27 ,4.74 , 1.29 غم .نبات 1ٙعلى التتابع . واظهرت النتائج تاثيرجسيمات اوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوية في نسب العناصرالغذائية (النتروجين , الفسفور , البوتاسيوم , الكلوروفيل ) في نبات الباذنجان فقد تفوقت المعاملات التي تحتوي على جسيمات اوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوية في نسبة النتروجين فكانت نسبة النتروجين في معاملة البذورالمعفرة باوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي ومعاملة التربة المعاملة باوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي ومعاملة المقارنة(بدون فطر ) 2.04 , 2.03 , 1.99 ملغم . سمٙ2على التوالي اما في معاملة الفطر فكانت نسبة النتروجين فيها 1.77ملغم . سمٙ2 .اما نسبة الفسفور في معاملات البذور المعفرة باوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي والتربة المعاملة باوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي ومعاملة المقارنة (بدون فطر ) فكانت 0.51 , 0.48, 0.49ملغم . سمٙ2 على التتابع , اما في معاملة الفطر فكانت نسبة الفسفور فيه 0.47ملغم . سمٙ2 . وكانت نسبة البوتاسيوم في معاملات البذور المعفرة باوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي ومعاملة التربة المعاملة باوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي ومعاملة المقارنة(بدون فطر) 0.37 , 0.41 , 0.36 ملغم . سمٙ2 ,اما نسبة البوتاسيوم في معاملات الفطر فكانت 0.35 ملغم . سمٙ2 ,حيث تفوقت معاملة التربة المعاملة باوكسيد المغنيسيوم النانوي في نسبة البوتاسيوم فيها عن بقية المعاملات . وتفوقت معاملة التربة المعاملة بالنانو في نسبة صبغة الكلوروفيل فيها على بقية المعاملات مقارنة بمعاملة الفطر التي كانت نسبة الكلوروفيل A ( 1.01 , 0.54 مايكروغرام .سمٙ2) على التتابع , في حين كانت نسبة الكلوروفيل B في معاملة التربة المعاملة باوكسيد المغنيسيوم ( 1.17 , 0.71 مايكروغرام . سمٙ2) على التتابع .ان اضافة جسيمات MgO النانوية ادى الى زيادة نسبة كل العناصر الغذائية المهمة في المعاملات التي تحتوي على هذه الجسيمات . | This Study was conducted in mycotoxin laboratory / Defartment of plant protection / Agri - cuiture collage / Baghdad University in 2016 to test the efficiency of Magnesium Oxide - nano particles to combat Rhizoctonia solani fungi in eggplant type (Marvel of Iraq ). The satisfactory ability to isolating the Rhizoctonia solani fungi was tested in the agricultural sector PDA on eggplant seeds , The results showed that isolation of Rhizoctonia solani was given ahigh injury rate on eggplant seeds Compared to the comparison treatment (Without fungi ) . Where the results are shown the germination rate of comparison treatment was reached to 97.33% ,While in fungi treatment was reached to 12%. It was also found that addition of MgO nanoparticles in concentration (1%, 2% , 3%) led to inhibition the fungi compared to the comparison treatment (pathogenic fungi), the rate of inhibition varied (96.33%, 100% , 100%) .While the results of the experiments showed that the treatment of seeds and mixing the soil with MgO nanoparticles has positive effect to increase the percentage of eggplant seeds germination and curb the activity of Rhizoctonia solani fungi , Also it has positive impact on the studied growth parameters .The treatment of the MgO nanoparticles led to increase in soft and dry weight of eggplant compare with treatment of pathogenic fungi alone in which the soft and dry weight of radical and vegetative groups reached to (0.18, 0.06 , 0.52 gm) plant 1 on the relay . while the soft and dry weights of the radical and vegetative groups in the treatment of fermented seeds by MgO nanoparticles (0.81, 0.29 , 4.74 , 1.39 gm ) plant 1 on the relay . And in the soil treatment which was treated by MgO nanoparticles (0.77 , 0.26 , 7.03 , 1.85 mg) plant 1 on the relay .And the comparison treatment (without fungi ) was being ( 1.29 , 4.74 , 0.27 , 0.51 gm ) plant 1 on the relay . The results showed the effect of MgO nanoparticles in ratios of the nutrients (nitrogen , phosphour, potassium , chlorophyll )in eggplant , hence the treatment which containing MgO nanoparticles was excelled in nitrogen ratio subsequenliy the ratio nitrogen in the treatment of fermented seeds by MgO nano particles and soil treatment which treated by MgO nanoparticles and comparison treatment (without fungi )was being (1.99, 2.03 , 2.04 )mg.cm2 respectively. while in the treatment of fungi the ratio of nitrogen was (1.77mg .cm2 ). While the ratio of phosphorus in the treatment of fermented seeds by MgO nanoparticles and soil treatment which treated by MgO nanoparticles and comparison treatment (with out fungi ) was (0.49 , 0.48 , 0.51 mg. cm2) on the relay . while in the treatment of fungi , phosphorus ratio was (0.47 mg .cm2 ).And the ratio of potassium in treatment of farmanted seeds by MgO nanoparticles and soil treatment which treated by MgO nanoparticles and comperison treatment (without fungi ) was ( 0.37, 0.41 , 0.36 mg . cm2).While the ratio of potassium in fungi treatment was (0.35 mg.cm2) , where the soil treatment which treated by MgO nanoparticles was excelled in the potassium ratio than others treatments . The soil treatment which treated by nano was excelled in the chlorophyll dye ratio than others treatment compare with fungi treatment in which the chlorophyll A ratio was (1.01 , 0.54 mg.cm2) on the relay . whilst the chlorophyll B ratio in the soil treatment which treated by MgO was being (1.17 , 0.71 mg.cm2) on the relay . The addition of MgO nanoparticles led to increase ratio of the all nutrients which are important in the treatment containing this particles

اختبار كفاءة العسل المدعم بالمواد النانوية في مكافحة فطر Aspergillus flavus في بذور الذرة الصفراء المخزونة == Testing honey backed efficient nanomaterials in the against ( Aspergillus flavus) in Maize stored seeds

Author name: ديمة ايوب يوسف مرزوق
Supervisor name: امنة محمد علي | حليمة زغير حسين
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: هدفت الدراسة الى اختبار كفاءة جسيمات اوكسيد الزنك النانوية( ZnO(NP) ) والعسل والعسل المدعم بجسيمات اوكسيد الزنك النانوية ZnO(NP) ومستحضر الفايلكس في تثبيط الفطر Aspergillus flavus وتحطيم السم المنتج منه تحت الظروف المختبرية . اثبتت اختبارات التضاد ان اضافة كل من جسيمات اوكسيد الزنك النانوي ZnO(NP) بتراكيز 1%, 2%, 3% حققت تثبيطا لنمو الفطر A.flavusعلى الوسط الزرعي PDA بنسبة 98.55%, 100%, 100% على التوالي قياسا بمعاملة المقارنة (فطر ممرض بمفرده والتي بلغت (0.0 , واظهرت نتائج استعمال العسل بتراكيز 10%,20%,%30 الى تثبيط الفطر بنسبة %75.3 ,%78 ,78.6 % على التوالي, في حين بينت النتائج فاعلية العسل المدعم ب NP))ZnO في تثبيط الفطرعند استعماله بتراكيز %10 , %20 , %30 اذ بلغت نسبة التثبيط %85.6, %87 , 87.3 % على التوالي. كما اظهرت النتائج كفاءة مستحضر الفايلكس في تثبيط الفطر بنسبة 74.4%, 100%, 100% عندما كان التركيز المستعمل من الفايلكس 0.1%, 0.2%, %0.3على التوالي. تم اختبار كفاءة جسيمات ZnO(NP)والعسل والعسل المدعم بجسيمات ZnO(NP) ومستحضر الفايلكس تحت ظروف الخزن بينت النتائج ان جميع المعاملات ادت الى خفض معنوي في نسبة الاختزال وتركيز سم الافلا B1))AFB1 في حبوب الذرة الصفراء المخزونة وبفارق معنوي عن معاملة السيطرة اذ بلغت 0.0و 1.13مايكروغرام/كغم باستعمال جهاز High performance liquid chromatography (( HPLC , باختيار افضل تركيز لكل من المواد المستخدمة لتثبيط نمو الفطر , اذ اظهرت نتائج استخدام جسيمات ZnO(NP) ومستحضر الفايلكس اعطى اعلى نسبة اختزال لسم الافلاB1 بلغ% 93.80 وبتركيز 0.07 و91.15% بتركيز 0.10مايكروغرام/كغم على التوالي كما اظهرت نتائج استعمال العسل نسبة اختزال سم الافلا B1 %79.64 وبتركيز 0.23مايكروغرام/كغم , وتلاه استعمال العسل المدعم بجسيمات ZnO(NP) اذ بلغت نسبة اختزال سم الافلا B1 %82.30 وبتركيز 0.20مايكروغرام/كغم . اظهرت النتائج كفاءة جسيمات ZnO(NP)والعسل والعسل المدعم بجسيمات ZnO(NP) ومستحضر الفايلكس في تحطيم الفطر A.flavusومنع انتاج سم الافلا B1 في حبوب الذرة الصفراء قياسا الى معاملة السيطرة التي كانت 1.12مايكروغرام/كغم باستعمال جهاز HPLC , اذ وجد عند استعمال جسيمات ZnO(NP) نسبة اختزال سم الافلا B1 %96.42وبتركيز 0.04 مايكروغرام /كغم , في حين كانت نسبة اختزال السم %72.32وبتركيز 0.31مايكروغرام /كغم عند استعمال العسل , وبينت نتائج استخدام العسل المدعم بجسيمات ZnO(NP) نسبة اختزال سم الافلا %83.92 B1وبتركيز 0.18 مايكروغرام /كغم , اظهرت نتائج استخدام مستحضر الفايلكس نسبة اختزال سم الافلا %94.64 B1 وبتركيز 0.06 مايكروغرام/كغم . | This study was aimed at efficacy assessment of zinc oxide nanoparticles ZnO(NP), honey, honey fortified with ZnO(NP) and phylex chemical against Aspergillus flavus and its toxin at culture media . Antagonism tests revealed all ZnO(NP) treatments at 1%, 2% and 3% inhibited A. flavus growth on PDA by 98.55, 100 and 100%, respectively compared to untreated control (fungus only control) which was 0.0%. Honey treatments at 10, 20 and 30% inhibited the fungus growth by 75.3 , 78 and 78.6 %, respectively. ZnO(NP) - fortifie honey treatments inhibited fungal growth by 85.6, 87 and 87.3 % at 10, 20 and 30%, respectively. Whereas, phylex treatments could inhibit fundal growth by 74.4%, 100% and 100% at concentrations 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, respectively . ZnO(NP), honey, ZnO(NP) fortified honey and phylex efficacy at storage condition were tested. All treatments inhibited A. flavus growth and reduced the aflatoxin (AFB1) production in stored corn. HPLC confirmed ZnO(NP) treatment reduced AFB1 up to 93.80 when aflatoxin concentration was 0.07 μg/kg compared to 1.13 μg/kg for control treatment. Whereas, honey, ZnO(NP) fortified honey and phylex treatments reduced B1 aflatoxin up to 79.64, 82.30. and 91.15%, respectively. B1 concentration values tested for each treatment were 0.23, 0.20 and 0.10 μg/kg compared to1.13 μg/kg for control treatment. The efficacy of ZnO(NP), honey, ZnO(NP) fortified honey and phylex to damage the fungus A. flavus and prevent AFB1 production in corn grains was tested by HPLC. ZnO(NP) reduced B1 aflatoxin up to %96.42 with 0.04 μg/kg concentration compared to 1.12 μg/kg for control treatment. Honey, ZnO(NP) fortified honey and phylex treatments could reduce B1 aflatoxin up to 72.32, 83.92 and 94.64%, respectively. B1 concentration values tested in corn grains were 0.31, 0.18 and 0.06 μg/kg compared to1.12 μg/kg for control treatment indicating presence of significant differences

تاثير الجبرلين والكاينتين والسماد المركب NPK في نمو وحاصل الينسون (.Pimpinella anisum L) ومحتواه من بعض المركبات الفعالة == The effect of Gibberellin , Kinetin and compound NPK fertilizer on growth and yield of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) and some its active compounds

Author name: غفران علاء محمد رضا الخزرجي
Supervisor name: بهاء الدين مكي فيروز الربيعي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت دراسـتان حقليتان في الحديقة النباتية التابعة لقسم العلـوم - كلية التربية الاساسية - الجامعة المستنصرية خلال موسم النمو الشتوي 2015 - 2016 تهدم الدراسة الاولى الى معرفة تاثيرتراكيز من منظم النمو الجبرلين ( (GA3 ومستويات من السماد المركب NPK والتداخل بينهما وتتضمن التجربة الثانية معرفة تاثير من منظم النمو الكاينتين ومستويات من السماد المركب NPK والتداخل بينهما التجربة الثانية في بعض صفات النمو والحاصل والمواد الفعالة للزيت الطيار في نبات الينسون (.Pimpinella anisum L) , زرعت بذور الينسون بتاريخ 1/11/2015 اذ استخدمت ثلاثة مستويات من السماد المركب NPK (0 و200و 400) كغم.ھ - 1 اضيفت الى التربة فضلا عن ثلاثة تراكيز من حامض الجبرلين هي 0) و50 و100) ملغم.لتر1 - رشت على النباتات في التجربة الاولى اما التجربة الثانية فقد تضمنت ثلاثة مستويات من السماد المركب NPK (0 و200و 400) كغم.ھ - 1 اضافة الى ثلاثة تراكيز من الكاينتين (0 و50 و100) ملغم.لتر1 - , صممت التجربة وفق تصميم القطاعات الكاملة المعشاة RCBD وبثلاثة مكررات وبذلك تضمنت كل دراسة تجربة عاملية (3×3) بواقع 27 وحدة تجريبية مساحة كل وحدة تجريبية 1.5×1.5 م2 اتبعت كافة عمليات خدمة التربة والمحصول الخاصة بمحصول الينسون من ري وازالة الادغال وتسميد. اظهرت نتائج التجربة الاولى ان اضافة المستوى 400 كغم.ھ - 1 من السماد المركب NPK ادت الى زيادة ارتفاع النبات (13.24%) ووزن الف بذرة (20.21%) وعنصر البوتاسيوم (20%) والمركبات الفعالة Dianethole وTrase - anethole وLimonene وγ - himachalene , كما ادى رش نباتات الينسون بالتركيز 100 ملغم.لتر1 - من حامض الجبرلين الى زيادة ارتفاع النبات (14.88%) ووزن الف بذرة (7.77%) وعنصر البوتاسيوم (7.81%) , وزيادة تركيز المواد الفعالة Trase - anethole وLimonene وShikmic acid, اعطى التداخل بين السماد المركب NPK وحامض الجبرلين زيادة معنوية في بعض الصفات المدروسة اذ ادى التداخل بين المستوى 400كغم.ھ - 1 من السمادNPK وتركيز 100ملغم.لتر1 - من حامض الجبرلين الى زيادة في ارتفاع النبات (29.38%) ووزن الف بذرة (29.41%) وعنصر البوتاسيوم (27.94%) والمركبات Methyle chavicol وDianethole وTrase - anethole وγ - himachalene وShikmic acid. اما في التجربة الثانية فقد ادت اضافة المستوى 400 كغم.ھ - 1 من السماد المركب NPK الى حصول زيادة في ارتفاع النبات (9.65%) والبوتاسيوم (39.20%) ووزن الف بذرة (10.96%) فضلا عن المركبات Anise - aldehyde وMethyle chavicol وDianethole وTrase - anethole وγ - himachalene . كما عمل التركيز 100 ملغم.لتر1 - من الكاينتين على زيادة عدد الاوراق (26.31 %) وعدد التفرعات (43.54%) والوزن الجاف (28.05%) وعدد النورات (26.26%) وعدد ازهار للنورة الرئيسة (26.14%) وعدد البذور في الزهرة الواحدة (26.72 %) وحاصل النبات الواحد (88.66%) وحاصل النبات الكلي (88.59%) وعنصر النتروجين (62.83%) والفسفور (62.96%) والكالسيوم (62.18%) والمغنيسيوم (60.86%) والبروتين (62.71%) والكاربوهيدرات (38.69%) والكلوروفيل (44.17%) والنسبة المئوية للزيت (37.84%) والوزن النوعي (1.07%) وكثافة الزيت(0.51%) ومعامل الانكسار (0.32%) اضافة الى المركبات Anise - aldehyde وMethyle chavicol وDianethole وTrase - anethole وγ - himachalene وShikmic acid , اما التداخل بين التركيز 100 ملغم.لتر1 - من الكاينتين والمستوى 400 كغم.ھ - 1 من السماد المركب NPK اعطى زيادة في المركبات Anise - aldehyde وDianethole وTrase - anethole وγ - himachalene . يستنتج من هذه الدراسة تفوق المستوى 200 كغم.ھ - 1 من السماد المركب NPK في معظم الصفات المدروسة ولكلا التجربيتن اما الجبرلين فقد تفوق التركيز 50 ملغم.لتر1 - تفوقا في معظم التراكيز المدروسة , واعطى التركيز 100ملغم.لتر1 - من الكاينتين تفوقا في معظم الصفات المدروسة .

دراسة تصنيفية مظهرية لعائلة حشرات الخنافس الحارقة Coleoptera : Meloidae في محافظة بابل == Taxonomical and Morphological study on the Blister Beetles (Coleoptera : Meloidae) in Babilon province

Author name: اميرة ابراهيم عبد الزهرة
Supervisor name: سعدون ابراهيم اسماعيل
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Baghdad
First pages:
Abstract: The present study deals with morphology and taxonomy of blister Beetles (Coleoptera : Meloidae) in Babylon province.In our investigations ; there were fifteen species representing in nine genera under two subfamilies have been registered, these species are : 1 - Epicauta hirticornis (Haag - Rutenberg) Croscherichia goryi (Marseul)10 - Lydomorphus sp. MaranCerocoma graeca - 1112 - Cerocoma scovitzi Faldermann13 - Lydus mesopotamicus sp. nov.(Linnaeus) 14 - Lydus algiricus Fabricius Lytta nitidula - 2 - Nemognatha chrysomelina (Fabricius)sp. 3 - Nemognatha4 - Zonitis immaculate (Olivier)5 - Zonitis fernancastroi, Pardo Alcaide6 - Mylabris sp.klug 7 - Mylabris syriaca8 - Mylabris tenebrosa Laporte de CastelnauThe species of Lydus mesopotamicus sp. nov. has been described as a new species for science in Iraq, and has been given scientific geographical name.The genus Zonitis Fabricius and its two species; and the genus Lydomorphus Fairemaire have been recorded for the first time in Iraq.Three other species has been diagnosed and recorded for the first time in Iraq, they are : Epicauta hirticornis (Haag - Rutenberg)Fabricius Lytta nitidulaMaranCerocoma graecaThe Epicauta hirticorins (Haag - Rutenberg, 1880) was chosen as a simple type species of this family ; adults are described in details and all species body parts were drawn and pictured.Taxonomic keys for subfamilies, genera and species were desigend according to different of the important characters, especially pronotum, antennae, claws, spines of hind tibiae and pathches of elytra.

تاثـير بـعـض الـعوامل الـبـيـئـية عـلى نمـو الاحياء الدقيقة في بعض القاعات الانتاجية لمصنع ادوية سامراء == The Effect of Some Ecological Factors On The Growth of Microorganisms In Some Production Units In Sammara Drug Industry (SDI)

Author name: خالد محمد عباس
Supervisor name: حميد سلمان خميس المهداوي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: تم دراسة الظروف الطبيعية الموجودة في القاعات الانتاجية لمصنع ادوية سامراء من خلال العوامل البيئية التي شملت الحرارة، والرطوبة النسبية. وشدة الاضاءة واعداد حجم الدقائق العالقة في الهواء وتاثيرها على الاحياء المجهرية الموجودة في القاعات الانتاجية حيث تم اخذ | The natural environmental conditions existing in the production units of Sammara drug company have been studied. Environmental factors included, temperature, relative humidity, light intensity as well as number and size of suspended particles in the air. From December 2006 through June 2007. 87 sampling visit was made during which 384 swabs were collected from three production buildings : Ibn - Hayan, Ibn - Sina and Al - Zahrawy. Results showed that at different temperature levels during this study dominance of bacterial colony over fungal colony in two buildings Ibn - Hayan and Ibn - Sina, was observed, whereas the dominance of fungal colony over bacterial colony in Al - Zahrawy building was noticed. While the effect of relative humidity on microorganisms showed that in Ibn - Hayan building at low relative humidity (41 - 53%) the dominance of bacterial colony over fungal colony whereas the dominance of fungal colony on bacterial colony at relative humidity (53 - 62%). While in Ibn - Sina building bacterial colony dominante fungal colony except at high relative humidity (63 - 73%), where the fungal colony dominance. The same pattern have shown in Al - Zahrawy building at low relative humidity less than 51% while fungal colony exceeded bacterial colony at high relative Humidity. Result of the effect of light intensity showed that the low light intensity have greater effect on fungal colony than bacterial colony this clear in Ibn - Hayan and Ibn - Sina buildings whereas increases in light intensity showed the reverse while the low light intensity in Al - Zahrawy building shown different effects which the dominance of fungal colony over bacterial colony. This perhaps reflects the different species of fungal colony in production units.The effect of the number and the size of 0.3 micron of particulates on bacterial and fungal colony was also examined. It has been noticed that the dominance of bacterial colony over fungal colony until the number of particulates 49000/foot3 in Ibn - Hayan building, while fungal colony appeared in most swabs in Ibn - sina building, but dominancy for bacterial colony. While in Al - Zahrawy building the swabs showed clear appearance for fungal colony, but some swabs shown high bacterial growth. The effect of 0.5 micron particulates showed that the dominance of bacterial colony with increased number of particulates in Ibn - Hayan building. The same pattern was shown in Ibn - Sina building, while in Al - Zahrawy building it has been the dominances of bacterial colony until 15000/foot3, but with increase in number fungal colony appear very clear. The following bacteria and fungi were identified during the course of this study; Staphylococcus, E.coli and a low genera of fungi like Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor. It has been shown by the collected swabs that the contamination with bacteria and fungi of drug production units never exceeded the standard limits set by the company except in very rare occasions the high contamination rate occurred in the hands of workers and delivery boxes in Ibn - Sina building.

تقييم بعض المؤشرات المـناعية للتفاعلات الالتهابيـة المتـرافقـة مـع الاصابة بطفيلي الاكياس المائية == Evaluation of Some Immunological Parameters Associated With Echinococcus Grunulosus Infection

Author name: حارث برع حسن علي الاوسي
Supervisor name: نغم ياسين كاظم البياتي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Diyala
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة الحالية في محافظة ديالى وشملت الدراسة 184 عينة من الاشخاص الاكثر تعرضا للاصابة بمرض الاكياس المائية. وبعد الكشف تبين ان 16 منهم تاكدت اصابتهم بالاكياس المائية في كل من الكبد والرئتين (12, 4 مريضا على التوالي) وقد تم تسجيل بعض المعلومات من كل | The present study was carried out in Diyala province, and included 184 samples at risk of infection with hydatid cysts. The diagnosis obtained that there were 16 infectied individual with hydatid cysts in liver and lung (12, 4 patients, respectively). Some information were recorded for each individuals. The study included 24 healthy individuals as control. Immunological test was carried out for each group. The results obtained that the rate of infection was higher in female (4.9%) compared with male (3.8%). The highest rate of infection was in 31 - 40 and 41 - 50 age groups and there was no significant difference among age groups. According to occupation there was no significant difference and the student shepherds were not infected with hydatid cyst. When investigation of risk factor, the result showed that (3.26%) of infected individuals were contact with animals while those who eat vegetables were higher (5.43%). The liver was the first infected organ according to distribution of infection in body follow by lung with 75% and 25% respectively and there was no significant difference. According to cytokines, IL - 4, IL - 17A, MIP - 1?, IP - 10, the study were higher in infected individuals compared with non infected and there was significant difference at 0.001 p.value. There was no significant difference in means of IL - 4 and MIP - 1? in both sexes but there was significant difference in IL - 17A and IP - 10 between males and females. The study showed that there was significant difference in IL - 4 according to location of infection and it was higher in lung compared with liver. No significant difference in IL - 17A, MIP - 1?, IP - 10 was shown according to location of infection

دراسة تاثير الملوثات المنبعثة من المركبات على الاشخاص في شوارع مدينة تكريت == Study The Effect of Pollutants Emitted From Vehicales Upon Blood of Workers In Tikrit City Streets

Author name: رغد مقداد محمود الحمداني
Supervisor name: جهاد ذياب محل الجنابي | صالح محمد رحيم العبيدي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: استهدفت الدراسة الحالية التي جرت في شوارع مدينة تكريت قياس تراكيز بعض الغازات المهمة التي تطرحها المركبات الى البيئة وهي احادي اوكسيد الكاربون, ثنائي اوكسيد الكاربون, ثنائي اوكسيد الكبريت (CO, CO2, SO2) وكذلك دراسة نوعية مياه الامطار المتساقطة على منطقة ا | The current study which takes place in the main streets of the city of Tikrit, aims at measuring the concentrations of some essential gases which are emitted by the vehicles of the environment. These gases include Monoxide Carbon, Dioxide Carbon and Sulfur Dioxide (CO, CO2, SO2). This study also aims at investigating the quality of rainwaters which are falling on the area of the study, and conducting some biological tests for them. Moreover, this study aims to identify the effect of vehicles productions upon blood physiology and the construction of some persons who are dealing with them. The samples have been collected during September 2010 till May 2011, and then classified in terms of age and duration of exposure. Alsuqoor Village represents the control group. A sample has been collected from healthy, non - smoker males. The concentrations of some polluted gases emitted from exhausted vehicles are identified. They are significantly high in comparison with the control group and during the whole chapters of the study. The highest level of pollution value is recorded by the gases (CO, CO2, SO2) and at (p< 0.05) level in Albasha Street during the Autumn, whereas the lowest value is recorded in Alzuhoor Street, during the Winter ( ). In addition, some of rainwater characteristics have been measured such as, (Ph, electrical m and the amount of plankton in water). The obtained results show that there is a significant decrease in PH concentration and a significant increase in EC concentration. Moreover, results indicate that the highest concentration of the clot material is in Alarbaeen Street ( ) whereas, the lowest concentration is in Alzuhoor Street ( ). The level of some rare elements has been measured in the blood serum of those who are exposed to (lead, cadmium) and in different periods of times. A significant increase is recorded in the levels of those elements, in comparison with the control group (ps 0.05). As for effect of blood components of those who are exposed to pollutants, the concentrations of both (Hb, Pcv) have been decreased with an increase in the concentrations of (the number of red and white cells and ESR) in comparison with the control group at level (P<0.05). It is also noticed that there is a significant increase in the number of the neutral and acidic white blood cells with a significant decrease in the number of the moral white blood cells at the lymph cell, in comparison with the control group. Results also show that there is a significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of each (Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Lipoproteins with low density LDL) with decreased concentrations of (High Density Lipoproteins HDL) whereas, there are no significant difference in the concentrations of (Low density Lipoproteins Very high density VLDL). Concerning the concentrations of (Urea, Uric acid, Kreatenin) there is a significant increase (P<0.05) in comparison with the control group and for all the groups of the study. The pollutants have an effect upon the average number of enzyme in the blood serum. There is a significant increase in the average of the enzymes that carry amino (ALT, AST) an enzyme phosphate in comparison with the control group. The study has also shown a significant increase in the Monoaldehyde level MDA and decrease in the glutathione level, under the effect of various pollutants. It is noticed that the blood components as well as the biochemical variable are greatly affected as the period of exposure extended and these biochemical variables become very great. Therefore, most of the differences are existed in the third group whose ages range between (40 and 49) with 9 years of work, followed by the second group whose ages range between (30 and 39) with 7 years of work. Then comes the first group whose ages range between (20 and 29) with 5 years of work, in comparison with the control group

دراسة وبائية لبعض مسببات الاسهال من الاوالي الطفيلية في المرضى المراجعين لمستشفى صلاح الدين العام في تكريت مع دراسة تجريبية لتاثير المستخلص الكحولي لنبات Lantana camara عليها في الفئران المختبرية == Epidemiological Study For Some Diarrhea Causes From Parasitism Protozoa For The Patients That Attended General Salahalddin Hospital In Tikrit With Experimental Study For The Effect of Alcoholic Extract From Lantana Camara Plant On It In Experimental Mice

Author name: رواء محمود هاشم
Supervisor name: توفيق ابراهيم محمد الالوسي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة للمدة من 2010 /11/1 الى 2011/11/1.وتضمنت فحص 1002 عينة من غائط مصابين بالاسهال تراوحت اعمارهم ما بعد الولادة الى اثنتي عشرة سنة من العمر راجعوا مستشفى صلاح الدين العام في تكريت. اشتملت الدراسة على جزءين تمثل الجزء الاول بدراسة وبائية، ت | This study made on the period between (1/11/2010) to (1/11/2011) that included testing (1002) diarrhea patients excrement samples, their ages were between after birth to twelve years that had attended General Salahalddin Hospital.The study included two parts. First epidemiology study, collecting samples and making the laboratory tests that accomplish with 2 methods, the direct method and deposition method to detect the percentage of infected by some parasitism protozoa that cause the diarrhea according to a lot of standards that included, age, sex, class, nature of suckle, number of family members, the source of water, mother education, sequence of the child in his family and the season of infection, the laboratory test assured that from the total (582) , (58.08 %) are infected with parasitism diarrhea compare with other diarrhea cases that was (420) , (41.91%) and reached to the following : - The infection with E.histolytica diarrhea was (492), (%84.5) and infected with G.lamblia diarrhea was (90) , (15.46%). Number of infected males with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism as follows(8.24%)(46.39%) and infected females with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism as follows (7.21%) (46.39%).The highest infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism was the ages between (4 - 6)years and the percentage was as follows (4.81%, 29.89%). The highest infection with amebic tissue and G.lamblia parasitism that came from country were (9.10%, 60.82%) also noticed that the raise of infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among children that their mothers had low education less than intermediate (illiteracy and intermediate) as follows (29.8%, 36.5%) for the children were infected with G.lamblia parasitism. And for children that infected with E.histolytica parasitism among children that their mothers had low education less than intermediate (illiteracy and intermediate) as follows (4.29%, 36.5%). The percentage for infants for the first 2 years had been infected with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism for the first 2 years that they depend on industrial suckle as follows (7.73 %), (41.2%). The percentage for infants above 2 years had been infected with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism for the first 2 years that they depend on industrial suckle as follows (9.10%) , (48.96%) also noticed the raise of infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among the children that was the river is the water source, the percentage were as follows (8.59 %), (51.54%). And the infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among the children that was the pipes system is water source the percentage were as follows (6.87%), (23.98%). the infection were very high with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism among the children that lives within crowded families, the percentage was (12.54%), (55.67%). and the infection with E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism according to the seasons was dissimilar, and the highest recorded infection with E.histolytica parasitism in winter as follows (35%) and the lowest infection was (11.3%) in summer. Meanwhile the highest infection with G.lamblia parasitism (8.41%) in summer and (1.20%) in autumn.The second part studied the effect of alcoholic extraction from lantana camara plant on growth of E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism on mice. The effect was obvious for the alcoholic extraction for the mentioned plant for all extraction on the E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism in general, but the most effectiveness extraction to destroy the E.histolytica and G.lamblia parasitism was 1000 mlm/kgm from the alcoholic extraction for the plant lantana camara

دراسة نسجية فسلجية لتاثيرات خلات اليورانيل والمستخلص المائي لنبات ورد لسان الثور في فعالية الغدة الدرقية في ذكور الارانب البيض == Histological And Physiological Study On The Effects of Uranyl Acetate And Aqueous Extract of Borogo Officinalis On The Activity of Thyroid Gland In Albino Rabbits

Author name: علا صالح علي الجميلي
Supervisor name: كوكب سليم نجم القيسي | منيف صعب احمد ساجت الجنابي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت هذه الدراسة، للتعرف على تاثير خلات اليورانيل والمستخلص المائي لورد لسان الثور Borago officinalis (Borage) معا وكلا على انفراد في ما ياتي : - 1 التركيب النسجي للغدة الدرقية. - 2 مستوى هرمون T3و T4وTSH. - 3 معايير الدم (التعداد الكلي لخلايا الدم ال | The aim of this study was to determined the effects of uranyl acetate and aqueous extract of Borago officinalis(Borage) alone or when they are given toghther the following : 1 - The histological structures of the thyroid gland.2 - Serum concentration T4, T3, TSH Hormones.3 - The blood parameters (WBC, PCV, Hb, Platelet and ESR). A total 30 mature males(Albino Rabbit) were used in this study, and their weights were recorded before and after the experiment. Animals were divided into five groups and administrated by using oro - gastric tube and included these following groups : 1 - (G1) which was given drinking water and considered as control group. 2 - (G2) group treated with uranyl acetate which was given orally only (50mg/kg body weight) for one month.3 - Group G3 which was treated with uranyl acetate with the same concentration used in (G2), then just after one hour they were post - administrated of with aqueous extract of Borage (adose of 5 ml concentration 10%).4 - (G4) group of animals treated with aqueous extract of Borage and adose of 5 ml concentration 10%.5 - (G5)which was pre - treated with uranyl acetate with concentration similar to the dose in (G2) for after one month, then post - administrated of with aqueous extract of Borage at a dose 5 ml concentration of 10%.At the end of the experiments (one month) blood sample was drawn by heart puncture and then ansethized by using ether, animal were killed and thyroid gland prepare for histological study. The following results were recorded : 1 - A significant decrement (p<0.05) in the mean of animals weight (G2, G3, G5) while there are no significant differences in the (G4)as compared with G1.2 - A significant increment (p<0.05) in the mean of (Hb, PCV) of group G2 where as group G3 showed no significant difference.While group G4 and G5 showed decreased as compared with G1.3 - A significant increment (p<0.05) in the mean of WBC in (G2, G3 and G5) while G4 showed no significant difference as compared G1.4 - A significant increment (p<0, 05) in the (G2, G4 and G5) while G3 there are no significant difference as compared G1.5 - A significant increment (p<0.05) in the mean of platelet in (G2, G3and G4) while there are no significant differences as compared with G1.6 - A significant increment (p<0.05)T4 hormone level, in the (G2, G4) while G5 showed a significant decreased where as G3 showed no significant difference as compared with G1.7 - A significant decrement (p<0.05) in the T3 hormone level in the (G2, G4 and G5) while there are no significant differences in the G3 in comparison with G1.8 - A significant decrement (p<0.05)in TSH hormone level in the G2 while no significant changes in the (G3, G4) and a significant increment in the G5 in comparison with G1. Histological results of thyroid gland 1 - A degenerative changes were observed in the epithelial tissues of thyroid gland in the (G2) due to direct effect of uranyl acetate and loss of cell style aggregation in addition to infiltration with inflammatory cells, with loss of depletion of colloid from thyroid follicles.2 - G3 showed normal thyroid cells and thyroid follicles filled with colloid fluid as compared with control group.3 - The result of histology examination of thyroid of group have shown presence of some follicles that contain colloid while ether lack theis colloid.4 - Characterized thyroid follicles cells (G5) lining simple cuboidal tissue but it contains more than one row of cells, suggesting a hyperplasia, but these effects are less negative compared with (G2).From this study we can concluded that uranyl acetate have negative effect on thyroid cells and the chemical substance of aqueous extract of Borago offcinalis inhibit the negative impact of uranyl acetate on thyroid cells in awide aspects of this study, and the aqueous extract of Borago offcinalis have high effect in regulation of thyroid function

دراسة التاثير المثبط لبعض المستخلصات النباتية على بعض الفطريات المرضية == Study of The Inhibitory Effect of Some Medicinal Plants Extracts On Some Pathogenic Fungi

Author name: شفاء طيار جعفر العساف
Supervisor name: صالح عيسى محمد الجبوري | عبد الكريم سليمان حسن النعيمي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اظهرت دراسة التاثير المثبط للمستخلصات المائية والكحولية لاربعة نباتات طبية هي النعناع بنوعيه (Horsemint, Spearmint) والسعد (Nutgrass) والحبة السوداء(Black Cumin) على بعض الفطريات الممرضة المعزولة من حالات مرضية مختلفة، من بين (63) عينة مرضية اخذت للدراسة | Study of inhibitory effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of four medicinal plants, spearmint, horsemint, nutgrass and black seed (black cumin), against some pathogenic fungi isolated from different clinical cases, showed that (12) cases from (63) cases were positive and Candida albicans was more frequent (41.67%) followed by Aspergillus fumigates and A. niger (16.67%) for each one.The study at inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts against the isolated fungi, showed that aqueous extract of black seed (30 mg/ml.) was more effective, and inhibited growth of the fungus A. fumigatus (87.5%) followed by the aqueous extract of black seed (25 mg/ml.), nutgrass and Spearmint (30 mg/ml.) for both, which inhibit the fungal growth (81.25%).Aqueous extract of Horsemint (30 mg/ml.) was the best one, which inhibited the growth of A. niger completely (100%); Aqueous extract of black seed (30 mg/ml.) was more effective against the fungus candida albicans, and the inhibition zone diameter was (13 mm.).The study of inhibitory effect of alcoholic extracts against the isolated fungi, showed that alcoholic extracts of black seed (10 mg/ml.), Spearmint (15 mg/ml.) and Horsemint (30 mg/ml.) were The best against A. fumigatus and inhibited its growth completely (100%).Alcoholic extracts of black seed (15 mg/ml.), Spearmint (20 mg/ml.) were more effective against A. niger, and inhibited its growth completely (100 %); Finally, alcoholic extract of black seed (30 mg/ml.) was the best one against C. albicans, with inhibition zone diammeter (19 mm.).Testing of inhibitory effect of some chemical antifungal agents against the isolated fungi showed ketoconazole at concentrations (3.5, 3.0, 2.5) mg/ml. inhibited the growth of A. fumigatus (100, 93.0, 90.0) % respectively. Also ketoconazole at concentrations (3.5, 3.0, 2.5) mg/ml. inhibited the growth of A. niger (100, 95.0, (93.0)% respectively. Nystatin; at concentration 100 I.U/Disc (0.06 mg/Disc) inhibited growth of C. albicans with inhibition zone diammeter (15 mm.).

التشخيص الجزيئي للخمائر والاعفان المرافقة لمخلفات الطيور وتقييم كفاءة بعض المستخلصات النباتية ضد خميرة Cryptococcus == Molecular Identification of Molds And Yeast Associated To Birds Wast And Evalution Efficiency of Some Plant Extract Against Cryptococcus

Author name: رسل عصام علي الظاهر
Supervisor name: زيدان خليف عمران المعموري
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Babylon
First pages:
Abstract: تضمنت الدراسة الحالية عزل وتشخيص الاعفان والخمائر المرافقة لمخلفات الطيور باستخدام بعض التقنيات المظهرية والجزيئية. كما تم اختبار فعالية المستخلصات المائية لنبات وعرك لوية والقرنفل والبابونج في تثبيط نمو خميرة Cryptococcus neoformans.تم جمع 190 عينة من م | The present study aimed to isolation and diagnosis the molds and yeast from birds extract by use some of phenotype and molecular techinces. As well as the aqeous plant extracts of clove and Germin Chamamilla and east indian scrow tree.to inhibition Cryptococcus neoformans growth there is about 191 isolate was been collected from Babil and Karbala included 30 isolate (10 isolate hand printing and 10 isolate from ambiend air of bird brought zone, and 10 isolate from cough of men they are dealing with birds in pitry dish containing SDA media. The other 161 isolate was been collected from the wet and dry bird extract from the different environment.Culture method was used in the diagnosis as CHROMagar media to diagnosis Candida spp. Also used the haemolysis test of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster yeast and phospholipase and Urease test of Cryptococcus neoformans yeast.And used the molecular methods as DNA extraction and used PCR technice by use universal and specific primers.Results of analysis isolation and diagnosis showed that the maximum of present appearance was for Candida spp. 45.34% and molds Rhizopus sp. appearance percent 27.32% and frequency percent 28.21% and 3.65% consequently M. ornithogaster appearance percent 4.96% and frequency percent 35.77% while the other molds and yeast have appearance percent between 0.62 - 19.25% and frequency percent between 0.07 - 19.75% and the result of CHROMagar for Candida gives different color C.albicans was green color and C.krusei was pinki color.Cryptococcus showed apositive result in phospholipase and Urease test. haemolysis test of Macrorhabdus yeast was positive the hot aqeous plant extracts of clove and Germin Chamamilla and east indian scrow tree have the activity to inhibit the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans, but the more activity was east indian scrow tree with concentration 4%.The pair primer CAP60 succesful to diagnose Cryptococcus neoformans It was 603bp and primer AGY1\Sm2 successful to diagnose Macrorhabdus yeast

دور الفئران المنزلية Mus musculus والجرذان النرويجية Rattus norvegicus في وبائية بعض الامراض الطفيلية من اوالي الدم والانسجة في مدينة تكريت وضواحيها == The Role of Mus Musculus And Rattus Norvegicus In The Epidemiology of Some Blood And Tissues Parasite Diseases of Protozoa In Tikrit City And It'S Districts

Author name: شيلان قادر صادق الصالحي
Supervisor name: توفيق ابراهيم محمد الالوسي
General topic: Biology
Specific topic: Life Science
Degree: Master
Language: Arabic
University location: Salahaddin
First pages:
Abstract: اجريت الدراسة في مناطق وبعض اقضية محافظة صلاح الدين للفترة من كانون الاول 2006 الى الفترة تشرين الثاني 2007، وتم فحص 200 نموذجا من الفئران المنزلية Mus musculus و50 نموذجا من الجرذان النرويجية Rattus norvegicus جمعت من ثماني مناطق وهي حي شيشين وحي الجمعية | The study was carried out in various regions of Selah El - Deen from the period 12 - 2006 to 11 - 2007. In this research a total of two hundred Mus musculs and fifty Rattus norvegicus from eight regions of Selah El - Deen area, namely, Sheshen area, Al - Jamiea area, Al - Sikak area, Al - Kadisea, Al - Alban Factory, Al - Dor, Samara and Al - Alam were investigated. The examination results of the brain, liver, spleen and blood smears of each rodent were showed 4 species of parasitic protozoa : 1. Toxoplasma gondii : This species found in Mus musculs only with the percentage of infection (2.0%).2. Leishmania spp. : This species found in Rattus norvegicus only with the percentage of infection (2.0%).3. Eperythrozoon coccoides : This species found in the blood of Mus musculs only with the percentage of infection (1.5%).4. Encephalitozoon cuniculi : This species found in Mus musculs with the percentage of infection (3.0%), and in Rattus norvegicus with the percentage of infection (4.0%).The percentage of infection in Mus musculs was (6.5%) but the percentage of infection in Rattus norvegicus was (6.0%).Encephalitozoon cuniculi appeared in a high percentage of infection in both Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus.The experimental results of heart and lungs tissues for all rodents studied was negative. The statistic results showed no significant difference in percentage of infection among species of protozoa in Rattus norvegicus, but there were significant difference in percentage of infection among species of protozoa in Mus musculus.There were no significant difference in percentage of infection between collection area of Rattus norvegicus, but there were significant difference in percentage between collection regions of Mus musculus.The seasons of year had no significant difference on the percentage of infection with Rattus norvegicus, but there were significant difference in percentage between the seasons of year in Mus musculus.Rodents sex showed no significant difference in percentage of infection in Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus
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